UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________
FORM 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR
15d-16 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the month of August 2015
Commission File Number: 001-36596
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
(Translation of registrant's name into English)
96 Skyway Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M9W 4Y9
Canada
(Address of principal executive offices)
___________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will
file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F [ ] Form
40-F [X]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form
6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) [ ]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form
6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) [ ]
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS FORM 6-K
See the Exhibit Index hereto.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
Trillium Therapeutics Inc. |
|
|
|
|
Date: August 11, 2015 |
|
|
By: /s/ James
Parsons
|
|
Name: James Parsons |
|
Title: Chief Financial Officer
|
2
EXHIBIT INDEX
INTERIM CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2014
(UNAUDITED)
96 Skyway Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M9W 4Y9
www.trilliumtherapeutics.com
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
|
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial
Position |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
As at |
|
|
As at |
|
|
|
Note |
|
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
|
December 31, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash |
|
|
|
|
89,545,097 |
|
|
26,165,056 |
|
Amounts receivable |
|
4 |
|
|
884,854
|
|
|
344,416 |
|
Prepaid expenses
|
|
|
|
|
513,052 |
|
|
1,008,225 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current
assets |
|
|
|
|
90,943,003 |
|
|
27,517,697 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment |
|
5 |
|
|
300,600 |
|
|
235,402 |
|
Intangible assets |
|
6 |
|
|
263,259
|
|
|
432,933 |
|
Other assets |
|
|
|
|
121,000 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
684,859 |
|
|
668,335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
|
|
91,627,862 |
|
|
28,186,032 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
7 |
|
|
2,289,452
|
|
|
3,248,984 |
|
Other current
liabilities |
|
8 |
|
|
542,382 |
|
|
279,461 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current
liabilities |
|
|
|
|
2,831,834 |
|
|
3,528,445 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan payable |
|
8 |
|
|
245,253 |
|
|
283,352 |
|
Long-term liability |
|
8 |
|
|
83,522 |
|
|
69,941 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
328,775 |
|
|
353,293 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
3,160,609 |
|
|
3,881,738 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares |
|
9 |
|
|
100,826,230 |
|
|
49,505,792 |
|
Series I preferred shares |
|
9 |
|
|
9,409,284
|
|
|
10,076,151 |
|
Series II preferred shares |
|
9 |
|
|
24,369,384 |
|
|
- |
|
Warrants |
|
9 |
|
|
7,236,055
|
|
|
9,283,332 |
|
Contributed surplus |
|
9 |
|
|
7,421,213 |
|
|
5,995,055 |
|
Deficit |
|
|
|
|
(60,794,913 |
) |
|
(50,556,036 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity |
|
|
|
|
88,467,253 |
|
|
24,304,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and equity |
|
|
|
|
91,627,862 |
|
|
28,186,032 |
|
Commitments and contingencies [note 13] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approved by the Board and authorized for issue on August 11,
2015.
(signed) Luke Beshar, Director |
(signed) Henry Friesen, Director
|
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated
financial statements
- 1 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
|
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss and
Comprehensive Loss |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
Three months ended |
|
|
Three months ended |
|
|
Six months ended |
|
|
Six months ended |
|
|
Note |
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
|
June 30, 2014 |
|
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
|
June 30, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXPENSES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
10 |
|
4,713,316
|
|
|
3,105,402 |
|
|
8,729,697
|
|
|
4,670,884 |
|
General and
administrative |
11 |
|
966,438 |
|
|
1,075,961 |
|
|
1,571,257 |
|
|
1,637,542 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses
|
|
|
5,679,754 |
|
|
4,181,363 |
|
|
10,300,954 |
|
|
6,308,426 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance income |
12 |
|
(131,842 |
) |
|
(102,455 |
) |
|
(179,662 |
) |
|
(211,047 |
) |
Finance costs |
12 |
|
20,652 |
|
|
21,463 |
|
|
117,585 |
|
|
43,052 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net finance income |
|
|
(111,190 |
) |
|
(80,992 |
) |
|
(62,077 |
) |
|
(167,995 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the period |
|
|
5,568,564 |
|
|
4,100,371 |
|
|
10,238,877 |
|
|
6,140,431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted loss per common share |
9 (c) |
|
(0.80 |
) |
|
(0.99 |
) |
|
(1,74 |
) |
|
(1.49 |
) |
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated
financial statements
- 2 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
|
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Equity |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
Common shares |
|
|
Series I Preferred shares |
|
|
Series II Preferred shares |
|
|
Warrants |
|
|
Contributed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
surplus |
|
|
Deficit |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(note 9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(note 9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(note 9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(note 9 |
) |
|
(note 9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
|
4,427,244 |
|
|
49,505,792 |
|
|
69,504,689 |
|
|
10,076,151 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
138,724,781 |
|
|
9,283,332 |
|
|
5,995,055 |
|
|
(50,556,036 |
) |
|
24,304,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss and
comprehensive loss for the period |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(10,238,877 |
) |
|
(10,238,877 |
) |
Transactions with owners of the
Company, recognized directly in equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share units issued, net of
issue costs |
|
1,750,754 |
|
|
39,592,240 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
1,077,605 |
|
|
24,369,384 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
63,961,624 |
|
Exercise of warrants |
|
1,001,076 |
|
|
10,970,136 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(30,032,580 |
) |
|
(2,047,277 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
8,922,859 |
|
Exercise of stock
options |
|
6,666 |
|
|
91,195 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(41,200 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
49,995 |
|
Conversion of preferred shares |
|
153,333 |
|
|
666,867 |
|
|
(4,600,000 |
) |
|
(666,867 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
1,467,358 |
|
|
- |
|
|
1,467,358 |
|
Total transactions with owners of the Company |
|
2,911,829 |
|
|
51,320,438 |
|
|
(4,600,000 |
) |
|
(666,867 |
) |
|
1,077,605 |
|
|
24,369,384 |
|
|
(30,032,580 |
) |
|
(2,047,277 |
) |
|
1,426,158 |
|
|
- |
|
|
74,401,836 |
|
Balance, June 30, 2015 |
|
7,339,073 |
|
|
100,826,230 |
|
|
64,904,689 |
|
|
9,409,284 |
|
|
1,077,605 |
|
|
24,369,384 |
|
|
108,692,201 |
|
|
7,236,055 |
|
|
7,421,213 |
|
|
(60,794,913 |
) |
|
88,467,253 |
|
|
|
Common shares |
|
|
Series I Preferred shares |
|
|
Warrants |
|
|
Contributed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Number |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
surplus |
|
|
Deficit |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
# |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
|
4,058,408 |
|
|
47,191,303 |
|
|
77,895,165 |
|
|
11,292,525 |
|
|
142,230,123 |
|
|
9,818,179 |
|
|
3,280,656 |
|
|
(37,674,216 |
) |
|
33,908,447 |
|
|
|
|
Net loss and comprehensive loss for
the period |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(6,140,431 |
) |
|
(6,140,431 |
) |
|
|
|
Transactions with
owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of warrants |
|
86,540 |
|
|
1,065,015 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(2,596,251 |
) |
|
(118,202 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
946,813 |
|
|
|
|
Exercise of stock
options |
|
2,614 |
|
|
33,100 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(13,500 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
19,600 |
|
|
|
|
Conversion of preferred shares |
|
66,667 |
|
|
289,942 |
|
|
(2,000,000 |
) |
|
(289,942 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
Expiry of warrants |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(909,091 |
) |
|
(416,645 |
) |
|
416,645 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
Share-based compensation |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
1,686,556 |
|
|
- |
|
|
1,686,556 |
|
|
|
|
Total transactions with owners of the Company |
|
155,821 |
|
|
1,388,057 |
|
|
(2,000,000 |
) |
|
(289,942 |
) |
|
(3,505,342 |
) |
|
(534,847 |
) |
|
2,089,701 |
|
|
- |
|
|
2,652,969 |
|
|
|
|
Balance, June 30, 2014 |
|
4,214,229 |
|
|
48,579,360 |
|
|
75,895,165 |
|
|
11,002,583 |
|
|
138,724,781 |
|
|
9,283,332 |
|
|
5,370,357 |
|
|
(43,814,647 |
) |
|
30,420,985 |
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated
financial statements
- 3 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
|
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
Six months ended |
|
|
Six months ended |
|
|
Note |
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
|
June 30, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss for the period |
|
|
(10,238,877 |
) |
|
(6,140,431 |
) |
Adjustments for items not affecting cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based
compensation |
9,10,11 |
|
1,467,358
|
|
|
1,686,556 |
|
Interest accretion |
8,12 |
|
37,280 |
|
|
39,138 |
|
Amortization of
intangible assets |
6,10 |
|
169,674
|
|
|
441,102 |
|
Impairment of intangible assets
|
6,10 |
|
- |
|
|
429,763 |
|
Depreciation of
property and equipment |
5,10 |
|
34,146
|
|
|
20,130 |
|
Unrealized gain on cash |
|
|
(9,818 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
(8,540,237 |
) |
|
(3,523,742 |
) |
Changes in non-cash working capital balances |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts
receivable |
|
|
(540,438 |
) |
|
(60,085 |
) |
Prepaid expenses |
|
|
495,173 |
|
|
(23,314 |
) |
Accounts payable
and accrued liabilities |
|
|
(959,532 |
) |
|
342,366 |
|
Other current liabilities |
|
|
262,921 |
|
|
57,686 |
|
Increase in other assets |
|
|
(121,000 |
) |
|
- |
|
Cash used in
operating activities |
|
|
(9,403,113 |
) |
|
(3,207,089 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property and equipment |
5 |
|
(99,344 |
) |
|
(139,997 |
) |
Net change in
marketable securities |
|
|
- |
|
|
22,620 |
|
Cash used in investing activities |
|
|
(99,344 |
) |
|
(117,377 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in loan payable |
8 |
|
(67,100 |
) |
|
(57,516 |
) |
Decrease in long-term liability |
8 |
|
5,302 |
|
|
64 |
|
Issue of share
capital, net of issuance costs |
9 |
|
72,934,478 |
|
|
966,413 |
|
Cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
72,872,680 |
|
|
908,961 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact of foreign exchange rates on cash |
|
|
9,818 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash during
the period |
|
|
63,380,041
|
|
|
(2,415,505 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, beginning of period |
|
|
26,165,056 |
|
|
32,456,506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, end of period |
|
|
89,545,097 |
|
|
30,041,001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred shares
converted to common shares (note 9) |
|
|
666,867 |
|
|
289,942 |
|
See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated
financial statements
- 4 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
|
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited)
|
1. |
Corporate information |
|
|
|
Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (the Company or Trillium)
is a Canadian public immuno-oncology company developing innovative
therapies for the treatment of cancer. The Company was incorporated under
the laws of the Province of Alberta on March 31, 2004 with nominal share
capital and filed Articles of Continuance to change its jurisdiction to
Ontario on November 7, 2013. On June 1, 2014, the Company amalgamated with
its wholly-owned subsidiary Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (Trillium
Privateco) and changed its name from Stem Cell Therapeutics Corp. to
Trillium Therapeutics Inc. |
|
|
|
The Companys head office is located at 96 Skyway Avenue,
Toronto, Ontario, M9W 4Y9 and is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
under the symbol TR and on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange under the symbol
TRIL. |
|
|
2. |
Basis of presentation |
(a) |
Statement of compliance |
|
|
|
These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in compliance with International Accounting
Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34). The notes
presented in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial
statements include only significant events and transactions occurring
since the Companys last fiscal year end and are not fully inclusive of
all matters required to be disclosed in its annual audited consolidated
financial statements. |
|
|
|
The policies applied in these unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements are based on International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board (IASB). The Board of Directors approved the interim
condensed consolidated financial statements on August 11, 2015. Any
subsequent changes to IFRS or their interpretation, that are given effect
in the Companys annual consolidated financial statements for the year
ending December 31, 2015 could result in a restatement of these unaudited
interim condensed consolidated financial statements. |
|
|
(b) |
Basis of measurement |
|
|
|
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements
have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for held-
for-trading financial assets which are measured at fair value. |
|
|
(c) |
Functional and presentation currency |
|
|
|
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements
are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Companys functional
currency. |
|
|
(d) |
Use of significant estimates and
assumptions |
|
|
|
The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions
that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities and the determination of
the Companys ability to continue as a going concern. Actual results could
differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. The Company
reviews its estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis.
Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised
and may impact future periods. |
|
|
|
The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or
complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to
the financial statements have been set out in Note 2 of the Companys
annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31,
2014. |
- 5 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
3. |
Significant accounting policies |
|
|
|
The Companys significant accounting policies were
outlined in the Companys annual audited consolidated financial statements
for the year ended December 31, 2014 and have been applied consistently to
all periods presented in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements. These interim condensed consolidated statements
should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated
financial statements for the year ended December 31,
2014. |
(a) |
Basis of consolidation |
|
|
|
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries,
Trillium Privateco to the date of its amalgamation with the Company on
June 1, 2014, Stem Cell Therapeutics Inc. to the date of its dissolution
on September 17, 2014, and Trillium Therapeutics USA Inc. from the date of
incorporation on March 26, 2015. |
|
|
(b) |
New standards and interpretations not yet
effective |
|
|
|
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments |
|
|
|
In October 2010, the IASB published amendments to IFRS 9
Financial Instruments (IFRS 9) which provides added guidance on
the classification and measurement of financial liabilities. In July 2014,
the IASB issued its final version of IFRS 9, which completes the
classification and measurement, impairment and hedge accounting phases of
the IASBs project to replace IAS 39. The final standard is mandatorily
effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with
earlier application permitted. The Company is currently monitoring the
developments of this standard and assessing the impact that the adoption
of this standard may have on the interim condensed consolidated financial
statements. |
|
|
|
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with
Customers |
|
|
|
In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 Revenue from
Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15), which covers principles for
reporting about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and
cash flows arising from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 is mandatorily
applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017,
however the IASB has voted to delay this mandatory application date by one
year, with earlier adoption permitted. At this time the final amendments
to the standard detailing the delay is expected to be released by the IASB
in September 2015. Entities will transition following either a full or
modified retrospective approach. The Company is reviewing the standard to
determine the impact on the interim condensed consolidated financial
statements. |
|
|
|
Other accounting standards or amendments to existing
accounting standards that have been issued, but have future effective
dates, are either not applicable or are not expected to have a significant
impact on the Companys interim condensed consolidated financial
statements. The Company assesses the impact of adoption of future
standards on its interim condensed consolidated financial statements, but
does not anticipate significant changes in 2015. |
- 6 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
|
|
|
June
30, |
|
|
December
31, |
|
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government programs receivable |
|
636,657 |
|
|
344,416 |
|
|
Other amounts
receivable |
|
248,197 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
884,854 |
|
|
344,416 |
|
5. |
Property and equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computer
|
|
|
Office
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lab |
|
|
equipment |
|
|
equipment and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
equipment |
|
|
and software |
|
|
leaseholds |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
|
111,025 |
|
|
18,111 |
|
|
9,381 |
|
|
138,517 |
|
|
Additions |
|
141,051 |
|
|
21,917 |
|
|
10,635 |
|
|
173,603 |
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
|
252,076 |
|
|
40,028 |
|
|
20,016 |
|
|
312,120 |
|
|
Additions |
|
39,368 |
|
|
39,976 |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
99,344 |
|
|
Balance, June 30,
2015 |
|
291,444 |
|
|
80,004 |
|
|
40,016 |
|
|
411,464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
|
14,723 |
|
|
14,004 |
|
|
783 |
|
|
29,510 |
|
|
Depreciation |
|
33,366 |
|
|
9,554
|
|
|
4,288
|
|
|
47,208 |
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
|
48,089 |
|
|
23,558 |
|
|
5,071 |
|
|
76,718 |
|
|
Depreciation |
|
22,367 |
|
|
9,814
|
|
|
1,965
|
|
|
34,146 |
|
|
Balance June 30, 2015 |
|
70,456 |
|
|
33,372 |
|
|
7,036 |
|
|
110,864 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2014 |
|
203,987 |
|
|
16,470 |
|
|
14,945 |
|
|
235,402 |
|
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
220,988 |
|
|
46,632 |
|
|
32,980 |
|
|
300,600 |
|
- 7 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
|
2,103,751 |
|
|
Disposals |
|
(1,085,714 |
) |
|
Balance, December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015 |
|
1,018,037 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization |
|
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
|
630,279 |
|
|
Amortization |
|
610,776 |
|
|
Disposals |
|
(655,951 |
) |
|
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
|
585,104 |
|
|
Amortization |
|
169,674 |
|
|
Balance, June 30, 2015 |
|
754,778 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts |
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2014 |
|
432,933 |
|
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
263,259 |
|
|
Intangible assets are comprised of licensed patent rights
related to the SIRP¤Fc program acquired in 2013 in the amount of
$1,018,037. |
|
|
|
The Company returned rights related to tigecycline and
recorded an impairment loss of $429,763 in the second quarter of
2014. |
|
|
7. |
Accounts payable and accrued
liabilities |
|
|
|
June
30, |
|
|
December
31, |
|
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade and other payables |
|
929,624 |
|
|
1,604,533 |
|
|
Accrued liabilities |
|
1,205,490 |
|
|
1,585,823 |
|
|
Due to related parties (note 14) |
|
154,338 |
|
|
58,628 |
|
|
|
|
2,289,452 |
|
|
3,248,984 |
|
|
Amounts due to related parties represent expense
reimbursements and accrued vacation payable. |
|
|
8. |
Non-current
liabilities |
(a) |
Trillium is indebted to the Federal Economic Development
Agency for Southern Ontario under a non-interest-bearing contribution
agreement and is making monthly repayments of $9,585 through November
2019. As at June 30, 2015, the balance repayable is $498,451. The loan
payable was discounted using an estimated market interest rate of 15%.
Interest expense accretes on the discounted loan amount until it reaches
its face value at maturity. |
|
|
(b) |
The Company has a long-term liability of $83,522 related
to certain discontinued technologies. This liability has been discounted
using an estimated market interest rate of 15% and interest expense is
accreting. |
|
|
|
The current portions of the loan payable and long-term
liability are included in other current liabilities in the interim
condensed consolidated statements of financial
position. |
- 8 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
(a) |
Authorized |
|
|
|
The authorized share capital of the Company consists of
an unlimited number of common shares, Class B shares and First Preferred
Shares, in each case without nominal or par value. Common shares are
voting and may receive dividends as declared at the discretion of the
Board of Directors. Class B shares are non-voting and convertible to
common shares at the holders discretion, on a one-for-one basis. Upon
dissolution or wind-up of the Company, Class B shares participate rateably
with the common shares in the distribution of the Companys assets.
Preferred shares have voting rights as decided upon by the Board of
Directors at the time of grant. Upon dissolution or wind-up of the
Company, First Preferred Shares are entitled to priority over common and
Class B shares. |
|
|
|
The Company has Series I First Preferred Shares that are
non-voting, may receive dividends as declared at the discretion of the
Board of Directors, and are convertible to common shares at the holders
discretion, on the basis of 30 Series I First Preferred Shares for each
common share. |
|
|
|
The Company has Series II First Preferred Shares that are
non-voting, may receive dividends as declared at the discretion of the
Board of Directors, and are convertible to common shares at the holders
discretion, on the basis of one Series II First Preferred Share for each
common share. |
|
|
|
Holders may not convert Series I or Series II Non-Voting
Convertible First Preferred Shares into common shares if, after giving
effect to the exercise of conversion, the holder and its joint actors
would have beneficial ownership or direction or control over common shares
in excess of 4.99% of the then outstanding common shares. This limit may
be raised at the option of the holder on 61 days prior written notice: (i)
up to 9.99%, (ii) up to 19.99%, subject to clearance of a personal
information form submitted by the holder to the Toronto Stock Exchange,
and (iii) above 19.99%, subject to approval by the Toronto Stock Exchange
and shareholder approval. |
|
|
(b) |
Share capital issued six months ended June 30,
2015 |
|
|
|
On April 7, 2015, the Company completed an underwritten
public offering of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred
shares in the United States. In the offering, Trillium sold 1,750,754
common shares and 1,077,605 Series II Non- Voting Convertible First
Preferred Shares at a price of US$19.50 per share, including 228,359
common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters
option to purchase additional common shares. The gross proceeds to
Trillium from this offering were $68,875,067 (US$55,153,000) before
deducting offering expenses of $4,913,443. |
|
|
|
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, 1,001,076
common shares were issued on the exercise of 30,032,580 warrants for
proceeds of $8,922,859 and 6,666 stock options were exercised for proceeds
of $49,995. |
|
|
|
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, 4,600,000
Series I First Preferred Shares were converted into 153,333 common
shares. |
|
|
|
Share capital issued year ended December 31,
2014 |
|
|
|
On November 14, 2014, the Company consolidated its
outstanding common shares issuing one post-consolidated share for each 30
pre-consolidated shares. All references in these consolidated financial
statements and notes to the number of common shares, deferred share units
and stock options have been adjusted to the post-consolidation
amounts. |
|
|
|
In the year ended December 31, 2014, 2,596,251 warrants
were exercised for 86,540 common shares and for proceeds of $946,813 and
2,614 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $19,600. Also, 909,091
warrants issued in March 2011 expired unexercised. |
|
|
|
During the year ended December 31, 2014, 8,390,476 Series
I First Preferred Shares were converted into 279,682 common
shares. |
- 9 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
9. |
Share capital
(continued) |
(c) |
Weighted average number of common shares |
|
|
|
The weighted average number of common shares outstanding
for the purposes of calculating earnings per share have been adjusted for
2014 to the post-consolidated numbers. The weighted average number of
common shares outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015
and June 30, 2014 were 6,996,919 and 5,888,088, and 4,150,694 and
4,125,186, respectively. The Company has not adjusted its weighted average
number of common shares outstanding in the calculation of diluted loss per
share, as any adjustment would be antidilutive. |
|
|
(d) |
Warrants |
|
|
|
All warrants were exercisable on issuance. As a result of
the November 14, 2014 common share consolidation, the ratio of the number
of warrants exercisable for one common share was adjusted from one warrant
for each common share to thirty warrants for each common share. The number
of warrants outstanding was not adjusted. |
|
|
|
The following table shows the number of warrants
outstanding, the exercise prices, the number of common shares issuable on
exercise of the warrants and the exercise price per common share for 30
warrants at June 30, 2015: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of |
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
common shares |
|
|
price per |
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
issuable |
|
|
common share |
|
|
Expiry dates |
|
warrants |
|
|
price
|
|
|
on
exercise |
|
|
(30
warrants |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 13, 2015 |
|
2,234,784 |
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
74,493 |
|
$ |
6.30 |
|
|
March 15, 2018 |
|
9,276,270 |
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
309,209 |
|
$ |
12.00 |
|
|
March 27, 2018 |
|
420,000 |
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
14,000 |
|
$ |
12.00 |
|
|
December 13, 2018
|
|
96,761,147 |
|
$ |
0.28
|
|
|
3,225,372 |
|
$ |
8.40
|
|
|
|
|
108,692,201 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,623,074 |
|
|
|
|
Changes in the number of warrants
outstanding during the six months ended June 30 were as follows:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
Number of |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
|
warrants |
|
|
price |
|
|
warrants |
|
|
price |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period |
|
138,724,781 |
|
$ |
0.29 |
|
|
142,230,123 |
|
$ |
0.30 |
|
|
Exercised |
|
(30,032,580 |
) |
|
0.30 |
|
|
(2,596,251 |
) |
|
0.36 |
|
|
Expired |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(909,091 |
) |
|
1.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period |
|
108,692,201 |
|
$ |
0.29 |
|
|
138,724,781 |
|
$ |
0.29 |
|
- 10 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
9. |
Share capital
(continued) |
(e) |
Stock option plan |
|
|
|
The Company has a 10% rolling stock option plan, or the
2014 Stock Option Plan, that was approved by the Companys shareholders at
its annual general meeting held on May 27, 2014. Pursuant to the 2014
Stock Option Plan, the Company may grant stock options to purchase up to
an aggregate of 10% of the Companys issued and outstanding common shares
plus 10% of the total number of common shares into which the outstanding
First Preferred Shares may be converted. Options granted under the 2014
Stock Option plan are equity-settled, have a vesting period of four years
and have a maximum term of ten years. As at June 30, 2015, the Company was
entitled to issue an additional 311,668 stock options under the 2014 Stock
Option Plan. |
|
|
|
Changes in the number of options outstanding during the
six months ended June 30 were as follows: |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
Number of |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
|
options |
|
|
price |
|
|
options |
|
|
price |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period |
|
590,141 |
|
$ |
9.76 |
|
|
97,372 |
|
$ |
9.94 |
|
|
Granted |
|
126,500 |
|
|
25.00 |
|
|
499,883 |
|
|
9.78 |
|
|
Exercised |
|
(6,666 |
) |
|
7.50 |
|
|
(2,614 |
) |
|
7.50 |
|
|
Cancelled/forfeited |
|
(3,000 |
) |
|
30.00 |
|
|
(3,733 |
) |
|
9.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of
period |
|
706,975 |
|
$ |
12.42 |
|
|
590,908 |
|
$ |
9.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
exercisable, end of period |
|
322,595 |
|
$ |
10.51 |
|
|
220,214 |
|
$ |
10.26 |
|
The following table reflects stock
options outstanding at June 30, 2015:
|
|
Stock options outstanding |
Stock options exercisable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
remaining |
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
contractual life |
Weighted average |
Number |
Weighted average |
|
Exercise prices |
outstanding |
(in
years) |
exercise price |
exercisable |
exercise price |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$7.50 |
74,841 |
7.8 |
$7.50 |
49,903 |
$7.50 |
|
$8.34 |
215,758 |
8.9 |
$8.34 |
107,878 |
$8.34 |
|
$10.35 |
264,127 |
8.8 |
$10.35 |
132,064 |
$10.35 |
|
$15.30 |
6,666 |
8.6 |
$15.30 |
3,333 |
$15.30 |
|
$18.90 |
13,332 |
8.7 |
$18.90 |
6,666 |
$18.90 |
|
$23.44 |
85,000 |
9.8 |
$23.44 |
17,000 |
$23.44 |
|
$28.05 |
12,500 |
9.9 |
$28.05 |
- |
$28.05 |
|
$28.52 |
29,000 |
9.9 |
$28.52 |
- |
$28.52 |
|
$30.00 |
5,751 |
1.1 |
$30.00 |
5,751 |
$30.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
706,975 |
8.8 |
$12.42 |
322,595 |
$10.51 |
- 11 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
9. |
Share capital (continued) |
|
|
|
Share-based compensation expense was determined based on
the fair value of the options at the date of measurement using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with the weighted average assumptions
for the six months ended June 30 as follows: |
|
|
2015 |
2014 |
|
Expected option life |
6 years |
7 years |
|
Risk-free interest rate |
1.6% |
2.0% |
|
Dividend yield |
0% |
0% |
|
Expected
volatility |
84% |
75%
|
|
The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed to
estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options
without vesting restrictions, which significantly differs from the
Companys stock option awards. This model also requires highly subjective
assumptions, including future stock price volatility and average option
life, which significantly affect the calculated values. |
|
|
|
The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield
on a Government of Canada zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to
the expected term of the option. Expected volatility was determined using
a combination of historical volatilities of a peer group of biotechnology
companies and the Companys own historical volatility. The life of the
options is estimated considering the vesting period at the grant date, the
life of the option and the average length of time similar grants have
remained outstanding in the past. The forfeiture rate is an estimate based
on historical evidence and future expectations. The dividend yield was
excluded from the calculation since it is the present policy of the
Company to retain all earnings to finance operations and future
growth. |
|
|
|
For the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company
issued 126,500 stock options with a fair value of $2,254,067 and a
weighted average grant date fair value of $17.82. For the six months ended
June 30, 2014, the Company issued 499,883 stock options with a fair value
of $3,427,955 and a weighted average grant date fair value of
$6.86. |
|
|
(f) |
Deferred Share Unit Plan |
|
|
|
The shareholders of the Company approved the 2014
Deferred Share Unit Plan (the 2014 DSU Plan) on May 27, 2014. The 2014
DSU Plan is intended to promote a greater alignment of long-term interests
between non-executive directors and executive officers of the Company and
its shareholders through the issuance of deferred share units (DSUs).
Since the value of a DSU increases or decreases with the market price of
the common shares, DSUs reflect a philosophy of aligning the interests of
directors and executive officers with those of the shareholders by tying
compensation to share price performance. The Board of Directors intends to
use DSUs issued under the 2014 DSU Plan, as well as stock options issued
under the 2014 Stock Option Plan, as part of the Companys overall
director and executive officer compensation program. A total of 28,777
units were issued during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 10,597 units
were issued during the six months ended June 30, 2015 for payment of
directors fees. 39,374 units were outstanding as at June 30, 2015. The
Company has reserved for issuance up to 66,667 common shares under the
2014 DSU Plan. |
|
|
(g) |
Shareholder Rights Plan |
|
|
|
On October 17, 2013 the Companys shareholders adopted a
shareholder rights plan (the 2013 Rights Plan) and approved certain
amendments on May 27, 2014 (the Rights Plan Amendment which together
with the 2013 Rights Plan may be referred to as the Rights Plan). The
Rights Plan is designed to provide adequate time for the Board of
Directors and the shareholders to assess an unsolicited takeover bid for
the Company, to provide the Board of Directors with sufficient time to
explore and develop alternatives for maximizing shareholder value if a
takeover bid is made, and to provide shareholders with an equal
opportunity to participate in a takeover bid and receive full and fair
value for their common shares. The Rights Plan will expire at the close of
the Companys annual meeting of shareholders in
2016. |
- 12 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
9. |
Share capital (continued) |
|
|
|
The rights issued under the Rights Plan initially attach
to and trade with the common shares and no separate certificates will be
issued unless an event triggering these rights occurs. The rights will
become exercisable only when a person, including any party related to it,
acquires or attempts to acquire 20% or more of the outstanding common
shares without complying with the Permitted Bid provisions of the Rights
Plan or without approval of the Board of Directors. Should such an
acquisition occur or be announced, each right would, upon exercise,
entitle a rights holder, other than the acquiring person and related
persons, to purchase common shares at an approximate 50% discount to the
market price at the time. |
|
|
|
Under the Rights Plan, a Permitted Bid is a bid made to
all holders of the common shares and which is open for acceptance for not
less than 60 days. If at the end of 60 days at least 50% of the
outstanding common shares, other than those owned by the offeror and
certain related parties have been tendered, the offeror may take up and
pay for the common shares but must extend the bid for a further 10 days to
allow other shareholders to tender. The issuance of common shares upon the
exercise of the rights is subject to receipt of certain regulatory
approvals. |
|
|
10. |
Research and development |
|
|
|
Components of research and development expenses for the
three months ended June 30 were as follows: |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development programs excluding
the below items |
|
2,865,808 |
|
|
900,461 |
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
1,050,263 |
|
|
532,228 |
|
|
Share-based compensation |
|
807,668 |
|
|
1,097,360 |
|
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
84,837 |
|
|
220,551 |
|
|
Impairment of intangible assets |
|
- |
|
|
429,763 |
|
|
Depreciation of property and equipment |
|
16,271 |
|
|
13,878 |
|
|
Investment tax credits |
|
(111,531 |
) |
|
(88,839 |
) |
|
|
|
4,713,316 |
|
|
3,105,402 |
|
Components of research and development
expenses for the six months ended June 30 were as follows:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development programs excluding
the below items |
|
5,999,762 |
|
|
1,823,075 |
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
1,717,667 |
|
|
1,049,376 |
|
|
Share-based compensation |
|
1,059,979 |
|
|
1,123,277 |
|
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
169,674 |
|
|
441,102 |
|
|
Impairment of intangible assets |
|
- |
|
|
429,763 |
|
|
Depreciation of property and equipment |
|
34,146 |
|
|
20,130 |
|
|
Investment tax credits |
|
(251,531 |
) |
|
(215,839 |
) |
|
|
|
8,729,697 |
|
|
4,670,884 |
|
- 13 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
11. |
General and Administrative |
|
|
|
Components of general and administrative expenses for the
three months ended June 30 were as follows: |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
excluding the below items |
|
442,369 |
|
|
569,493 |
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
175,807 |
|
|
86,173 |
|
|
DSU units issued for director compensation
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
240,000 |
|
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
48,262 |
|
|
180,295 |
|
|
|
|
966,438 |
|
|
1,075,961 |
|
Components of general and
administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30 were as follows:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
excluding the below items |
|
732,839 |
|
|
763,637 |
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
431,039 |
|
|
310,626 |
|
|
DSU units issued for director compensation
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
240,000 |
|
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
107,379 |
|
|
323,279 |
|
|
|
|
1,571,257 |
|
|
1,637,542 |
|
12. |
Finance income and finance costs |
|
|
|
Finance income for the three months ended June 30 was as
follows: |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
108,921 |
|
|
96,438 |
|
|
Net foreign
currency gain |
|
22,921 |
|
|
6,017
|
|
|
|
|
131,842 |
|
|
102,455 |
|
Finance income for the six months ended
June 30 was as follows:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
179,662 |
|
|
192,541 |
|
|
Net foreign
currency gain |
|
- |
|
|
18,506 |
|
|
|
|
179,662 |
|
|
211,047 |
|
- 14 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
12. |
Finance income and finance costs
(continued) |
|
|
|
Finance costs for the three months ended June 30 were as
follows: |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bank charges |
|
2,265 |
|
|
1,609 |
|
|
Accreted interest
|
|
18,387 |
|
|
19,854 |
|
|
|
|
20,652 |
|
|
21,463 |
|
Finance costs for the six months ended
June 30 were as follows:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bank charges |
|
4,328 |
|
|
3,914 |
|
|
Accreted interest |
|
37,280 |
|
|
39,138 |
|
|
Net foreign currency loss |
|
75,977 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
117,585 |
|
|
43,052 |
|
13. |
Commitments and contingencies |
|
|
|
As at June 30, 2015 and in the normal course of business,
the Company had obligations to make future payments, representing research
and development contracts and other commitments that are known and
committed in the amount of $2,222,000 over the next 12 months, $534,000
from 12 to 24 months, $469,000 from 24 to 36 months, and $3,392,000
thereafter. |
|
|
|
The Company enters into research, development and license
agreements in the ordinary course of business where the Company receives
research services and rights to proprietary technologies. Milestone and
royalty payments that may become due under various agreements are
dependent on, among other factors, clinical trials, regulatory approvals
and ultimately the successful development of a new drug, the outcome and
timing of which is uncertain. Under the license agreement for SIRPαFc, the
Company has future contingent milestones payable of $35,000 related to
successful patent grants, $100,000, $200,000 and $300,000 on the first
patient dosed in phase I, II and III trials respectively, and regulatory
milestones on their first achievement totalling $5,000,000. |
|
|
|
The Company entered into two agreements with Catalent
Pharma Solutions in August 2014 pursuant to which Trillium acquired the
right to use a proprietary expression system for the manufacture of two
SIRPαFc constructs. Consideration for each license includes potential
pre-marketing approval milestones of up to U.S. $875,000 and aggregate
sales milestone payments of up to U.S. $28.8 million. |
|
|
|
The Company periodically enters into research and license
agreements with third parties that include indemnification provisions
customary in the industry. These guarantees generally require the Company
to compensate the other party for certain damages and costs incurred as a
result of claims arising from research and development activities
undertaken by or on behalf of the Company. In some cases, the maximum
potential amount of future payments that could be required under these
indemnification provisions could be unlimited. These indemnification
provisions generally survive termination of the underlying agreement. The
nature of the indemnification obligations prevents the Company from making
a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount it could be required
to pay. Historically, the Company has not made any indemnification
payments under such agreements and no amount has been accrued in the
consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification
obligations. |
- 15 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements |
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 |
Amounts in Canadian Dollars |
(Unaudited) |
14. |
Related parties |
|
|
|
For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, the key
management personnel of the Company were the Board of Directors, Chief
Executive Officer, Chief Medical Officer, Chief Scientific Officer, Chief
Financial Officer and the Chief Development Officer. |
|
|
|
Compensation for key management personnel of the Company
for the three months ended June 30 was as
follows: |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
542,202 |
|
|
292,681 |
|
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
610,764 |
|
|
1,511,574 |
|
|
Total |
|
1,152,966 |
|
|
1,804,255 |
|
Compensation for key management personnel of the Company for
the six months ended June 30 was as follows:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
1,425,079 |
|
|
961,077 |
|
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
921,528 |
|
|
1,666,682 |
|
|
Total |
|
2,346,607 |
|
|
2,627,759 |
|
|
Executive officers and directors participate in the 2014
Stock Option Plan and the 2014 DSU Plan, and officers participate in the
Companys benefit plans. Directors receive annual fees for their services.
As at June 30, 2015, the key management personnel controlled less than 1%
of the voting shares of the Company. |
|
|
|
Outstanding balances with related parties at the
period-end are unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash.
There have been no guarantees provided or received for any related party
receivables or payables. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014,
$0 and $7,916, respectively, was paid to a former director for consulting
fees. |
|
|
15. |
Financial instruments |
|
|
|
Fair value |
|
|
|
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement provides a
hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those
valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are
those which reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while
unobservable inputs reflect the Companys assumptions with respect to how
market participants would price an asset or liability. These two inputs
used to measure fair value fall into the following three different levels
of the fair value hierarchy: |
|
Level 1 |
Quoted prices in active markets
for identical instruments that are observable. |
|
Level 2 |
Quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments;
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and derived from or
corroborated by observable market data. |
|
Level 3 |
Valuations derived from valuation
techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.
|
The hierarchy requires the use of
observable market data when available.
The Company has classified cash as
Level 1. The loan payable has been classified as Level 2.
Cash, amounts receivable, accounts
payable and accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities, due within one
year, are all short-term in nature and, as such, their carrying values
approximate fair values. The fair value of the non-current loan payable is
estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows at the cost of money to
the Company, which is equal to its carrying value.
- 16 -
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS
ENDED
JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2014
Dated: August 11, 2015
96 Skyway Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, M9W 4Y9
www.trilliumtherapeutics.com
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC.
|
Managements Discussion and Analysis
|
ABOUT THIS MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
All references in this managements discussion and analysis, or
MD&A to the Company, Trillium, we, us, or our refer to Trillium
Therapeutics Inc. and the subsidiaries through which it conducts its business,
unless otherwise indicated.
The following MD&A is prepared as of August 11, 2015 for
Trillium Therapeutics Inc. for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014, and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30,
2015 and 2014, and the audited consolidated financial statements and
accompanying notes for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, which have
been prepared by management in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards, or IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or
IASB. Our IFRS accounting policies are set out in note 3 of the consolidated
financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.
All amounts are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise
indicated.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the
meaning of applicable securities laws. All statements contained herein that are
not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and the words
anticipate, believe, expect, estimate, may, will, could,
leading, intend, contemplate, shall and similar expressions are
generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking
statements in this MD&A include, but are not limited to, statements with
respect to:
- our expected future loss and accumulated deficit levels;
- our projected financial position and estimated cash burn rate;
- our expectations about the timing of achieving milestones and the cost of
our development programs;
- our observations and expectations regarding the binding profile of SIRPαFc
to red blood cells compared to anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies and proprietary
CD47-blocking agents and the potential benefits to patients;
- our requirements for, and the ability to obtain, future funding on
favorable terms or at all;
- our projections for the SIRPαFc development plan and progress of each of
our products and technologies, particularly with respect to the timely and
successful completion of studies and trials and availability of results from
such studies and trials;
- our expectations about our products safety and efficacy;
- our expectations regarding our ability to arrange for the manufacturing of
our products and technologies;
- our expectations regarding the progress, and the successful and timely
completion, of the various stages of the regulatory approval process;
- our ability to secure strategic partnerships with larger pharmaceutical
and biotechnology companies;
- our strategy to acquire and develop new products and technologies and to
enhance the safety and efficacy of existing products and technologies;
- our plans to market, sell and distribute our products and technologies;
- our expectations regarding the acceptance of our products and technologies
by the market;
- our ability to retain and access appropriate staff, management, and expert
advisers;
- our expectations with respect to existing and future corporate alliances
and licensing transactions with third parties, and the receipt and timing of
any payments to be made by us or to us in respect of such arrangements; and
- our strategy with respect to the protection of our intellectual property.
- 2 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
All forward-looking statements reflect our beliefs and
assumptions based on information available at the time the assumption was made.
These forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but rather on
managements expectations regarding future activities, results of operations,
performance, future capital and other expenditures (including the amount, nature
and sources of funding thereof), competitive advantages, business prospects and
opportunities. By its nature, forward-looking information involves numerous
assumptions, inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, known
and unknown, that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts,
projections or other forward-looking statements will not occur. Factors which
could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those set forth in the
forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
- the effect of continuing operating losses on our ability to obtain, on
satisfactory terms, or at all, the capital required to maintain us as a going
concern;
- the ability to obtain sufficient and suitable financing to support
operations, preclinical development, clinical trials, and commercialization of
products;
- the risks associated with the development of novel compounds at early
stages of development in our intellectual property portfolio;
- the risks of reliance on third-parties for the planning, conduct and
monitoring of clinical trials and for the manufacture of drug product;
- the risks associated with the development of our product candidates
including the demonstration of efficacy and safety;
- the risks related to clinical trials including potential delays, cost
overruns and the failure to demonstrate efficacy and safety;
- the risks of delays and inability to complete clinical trials due to
difficulties enrolling patients;
- risks associated with our inability to successfully develop companion
diagnostics for our development candidates;
- delays or negative outcomes from the regulatory approval process;
- our ability to successfully compete in our targeted markets;
- our ability to attract and retain key personnel, collaborators and
advisors;
- risks relating to the increase in operating costs from expanding existing
programs, acquisition of additional development programs and increased staff;
- risk of negative results of clinical trials or adverse safety events by us
or others related to our product candidates;
- the potential for product liability claims;
- our ability to achieve our forecasted milestones and timelines on
schedule;
- financial risks related to the fluctuation of foreign currency rates and
expenses denominated in foreign currencies;
- our ability to adequately protect proprietary information and technology
from competitors;
- risks related to changes in patent laws and their interpretations;
- our ability to source and maintain licenses from third-party owners;
- the risk of patent-related litigation and the ability to protect trade
secrets; and
- the risk of reduced liquidity and market value decline resulting from a
potential share consolidation,
all as further and more fully described under the heading Risk
Factors in this MD&A and in our Annual Information Form.
Although the forward-looking statements contained in this
MD&A are based upon what our management believes to be reasonable
assumptions, we cannot assure readers that actual results will be consistent
with these forward looking statements.
Any forward-looking statements represent our estimates only as
of the date of this MD&A and should not be relied upon as representing our
estimates as of any subsequent date. We undertake no obligation to update any
forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after
the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of
unanticipated events, except as may be required by securities legislation.
- 3 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
BUSINESS
Overview
We are an immuno-oncology company developing innovative
therapies for the treatment of cancer. Our lead program, SIRPαFc, is a novel,
antibody-like protein that harnesses the innate immune system by blocking the
activity of CD47, a molecule whose expression is increased on cancer cells to
evade the host immune system. Expressed at high levels on the cell surface of a
variety of liquid and solid tumors, CD47 functions as a signal that inhibits the
destruction of tumor cells by macrophages via phagocytosis. By blocking the
activity of CD47, we believe SIRPαFc has the ability to promote the
macrophage-mediated killing of tumor cells in a broad variety of cancers both as
a monotherapy and in combination with other immune therapies.
The immune system is the bodys mechanism to identify and
eliminate pathogens, and can be divided into the innate immune system and the
adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the bodys first line of
defense to identify and eliminate pathogens and consists of proteins and cells,
such as macrophages, that identify and provide an immediate response to
pathogens. The adaptive immune system is activated by, and adapts to, pathogens,
creating a targeted and durable response. Cancer cells often have the ability to
reduce the immune systems ability to recognize and destroy them. We believe
SIRPαFc could play an important role in enhancing the innate immune system and
importantly, because of its ability to target macrophages, also has an important
downstream effect on the adaptive immune system.
Our Strategy
Our goal is to become a leading innovator in the field of
immuno-oncology by targeting immune-regulatory pathways that tumor cells exploit
to evade the host immune system. We believe that SIRPαFc has the potential to
improve survival and quality of life for cancer patients.
- Rapidly advance the clinical development of
SIRPαFc. We plan to file an
investigational new drug, or IND application in the third quarter of 2015 for
a first-in-human trial of SIRPαFc in patients with advanced hematologic
malignancies.
- Expand our SIRPαFc clinical program to
include additional cancer indications. Because CD47 is highly
expressed by multiple liquid and solid tumors, and high expression is
correlated with worse clinical outcomes, we believe SIRPαFc has potential to
be effective in a wide variety of cancers. We are carrying out preclinical
work necessary to select additional, high potential cancer indications for
clinical development.
- Maximize value of SIRPαFc through
scientific collaborations. SIRPαFc has broad potential applicability
in various cancer indications, and we believe it is well suited for use as
both a monotherapy and in combination with other agents. We plan to continue
to selectively and opportunistically pursue scientific collaborations with
academic researchers as well as with other companies in order to realize the
full value proposition of SIRPαFc.
- 4 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
SIRPαFc Key Attributes
- Potential efficacy in a broad range of cancers. SIRPαFc
blocks the tumors ability to transmit a do not eat signal allowing
macrophages to destroy tumor cells; a mechanism that we believe could have
broad applicability.
- Potential for use as monotherapy and in combination with other
therapies. We intend to develop SIRPαFc as a monotherapy as well as
potentially for use in combination with other cancer immuno- therapies.
- Differentiated pharmacokinetic and safety profile. We
believe SIRPαFcs low level of binding to red blood cells lowers the risk of
anemia and lowers the loss of drug from circulation. This pharmacokinetic
profile potentially allows for lower dosing and an improved safety profile.
- May enhance both innate and adaptive immune response.
SIRPαFc may enhance stimulation of tumor attacking T-cells since macrophages,
in addition to their role in phagocytosis, can also prime T-cells through
antigen-presentation.
SIRPαFc Clinical development
plan
We expect to file an IND application in the third quarter of
2015, and shortly thereafter commence phase I studies in patients with advanced
hematologic malignancies. To characterize potential changes in hematologic
parameters that might occur with blockade of CD47, the dose-escalation portion
of the Phase I trial will include lymphoma patients with normal hematologic
parameters and acceptable marrow function. Once a reasonably well-tolerated dose
and schedule of SIRPαFc has been established for further study, safety and
antitumor activity will be estimated in expansion cohorts of patients with acute
myeloid leukemia, or AML, myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, and possibly several
other advanced hematologic malignancies where pre-clinical proof-of-concept is
particularly robust.
Blocking the CD47 do not eat signal using the
SIRPαFc decoy receptor
Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that can ingest and
destroy (phagocytose) other cells. They are part of the innate immune system
that helps to protect the body from infection. More recently, a role for
macrophages in the control of tumors has been described.
Macrophage activity is controlled by both positive eat and
negative do not eat signals. Tumor cells may express eat signals (e.g.,
calreticulin) that make themselves visible to macrophages. To counterbalance
this increased visibility the tumor cells often express high levels of CD47,
which transmits a do not eat signal by binding signal regulatory protein
alpha, or SIRPα, on the surface of macrophages. We believe that the higher
expression of CD47 on the tumor cell helps it evade destruction by the
macrophage by overwhelming any activating eat signals.
SIRPαFc is an
antibody-like protein that consists of the CD47-binding domain of human SIRPα
linked to the Fc region of a human immunoglobulin. It is designed to act as a
soluble decoy receptor, preventing CD47 from delivering its inhibitory signal.
Neutralization of the inhibitory CD47 signal enables the activation of
macrophage anti-tumor effects by the pro-phagocytic eat signals. The Fc region
of SIRPαFc may, depending on its identity, also assist in the activation of
macrophages by engaging Fc receptors.
- 5 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Figure 1, below, illustrates how SIRPαFc blocks the CD47 do
not eat signal.
In addition to their direct anti-tumor activity, macrophages
can also function as antigen-presenting cells and stimulate antigen-specific T
cells. Recent data in mice have demonstrated that CD47 antibody blockade
increases antigen presentation by macrophages and stimulates the development of
anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell responses. We hypothesize that increasing macrophage
phagocytosis by SIRPαFc treatment may also enhance tumor-specific T cell
responses. Thus, SIRPαFc may enhance both the innate (macrophage) and adaptive
(T cell) components of an anti-tumor immune response.
SIRPαFc has broad clinical
potential
We believe that SIRPαFc has broad clinical potential in both
hematological and solid tumors. High expression of the CD47 do not eat signal
on tumor cells has been observed in AML, MDS, chronic myeloid leukemia, or CML,
acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, or DLBCL,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma,
marginal zone lymphoma, multiple myeloma and in the following solid tumors:
bladder, brain, breast, colon, leiomyosarcoma, liver, melanoma, ovarian and
prostate. In a number of these cancers high CD47 expression was shown to have
negative clinical consequences, correlating with more aggressive disease and
poor survival. In normal karyotype AML patients, for example, high CD47
expression was correlated with worse event-free survival (6.8 vs. 17.1 months)
and worse overall survival (9.1 vs. 22.1 months) compared to low CD47
expression. These data are consistent with CD47 providing a survival advantage
to tumor cells. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that antibody blockade
of CD47 has demonstrated activity in mice engrafted with human tumors.
In August 2014, we entered into a collaboration with academic
investigators to explore the therapeutic potential of SIRPαFc in a variety of
solid tumor models. The research is being conducted in the laboratories of Drs.
James Koropatnick and Ting-Yim Lee, at the Lawson Health Research Institute and
the Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario. Our funding is
matched 1:1 by a grant from the Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence
providing the collaboration with a research budget approximating $600,000. We
are also working with collaborators at University Health Network, or UHN, and
Hospital for Sick Children, or HSC, and are currently further expanding our
collaboration network.
- 6 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
SIRPα Minimal Red Blood
Cell Binding
We believe that our approach of using SIRPα, the natural
binding partner for CD47, may have important advantages over treatment with
CD47-specific antibodies. In April 2015, we presented data at the 106th American
Association for Cancer Research annual meeting demonstrating that our SIRPαFc
fusion proteins exhibit minimal binding to human red blood cells, or RBCs,
compared to anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies. These data build upon preliminary
results announced at the 2014 American Association for Cancer Research annual
meeting.
The very low RBC binding profile of our SIRPαFc proteins may
provide two important advantages over other CD47 blocking agents. First, there
may be a lower risk of experiencing drug-induced anemia with SIRPαFc. This
potential advantage may translate into improved patient care, particularly in
diseases such as AML where almost all patients experience cytopenias including
anemia. Second, SIRPαFc may remain in circulation for longer intervals compared
to CD47 antibodies, which have been demonstrated to bind strongly to circulating
RBCs and may thus be more likely to be removed from circulation. The ability of
RBCs to absorb and remove circulating CD47-specific antibodies, a so called
antigen-sink effect, may necessitate high doses of antibody in order to
effectively target the tumor cells, which may lead to potentially higher
off-target toxicity. Therefore, SIRPαFc may be associated with both improved
tolerability and drug kinetics compared with CD47-specific antibodies based on
these preclinical analyses.
Combination Therapy
We believe that SIRPαFc enhancement of macrophage activity and
possibly T cell responses could be synergistic with other immune-mediated
therapies. Published studies conducted by third parties provide evidence that
SIRPαFc may be useful in combination with approved anti-cancer antibodies (e.g.,
Rituxan®, Herceptin®, Campath®). Since many cancer antibodies work at least in
part by activating cells of the innate immune system, it may be possible to
enhance the potency of these agents by blocking the negative do not eat CD47
signal that tumor cells deliver to macrophages. We hypothesize that SIRPαFc may
act synergistically with other immunological agents, including T cell checkpoint
inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses or chimeric antigen receptor, or
CAR, T cells.
Agreements with Catalent Pharma Solutions
In connection with our development of SIRPαFc, we entered into
two agreements on August 12, 2014 with Catalent Pharma Solutions, LLC, or
Catalent, pursuant to which we acquired the right to use two of Catalents
proprietary GPEx® expression cell lines for the manufacture of two SIRPαFc
proteins: TTI-621 and TTI-622. One agreement relates to the manufacture of
TTI-621 and the other agreement relates to the manufacture of TTI-622. Under the
agreements, we may use the two expression cell lines to secure regulatory
approvals and to develop, test, market and otherwise commercially exploit
products originating from the cell lines. We may transfer the expression cell
lines to a third party contract manufacturer who may utilize the cell lines in a
similar fashion. We, or a third-party, cannot use or modify the cell lines, or
any portions of the cell lines, to create a new cell line.
Capital Markets
We were listed on the TSX Venture Exchange, or TSXV, until
April 22, 2014 when we migrated to the Toronto Stock Exchange, or TSX. We traded
under the symbol SSS until June 6, 2014 when the symbol was changed to TR.
We were listed on the OTCQX International under the symbol SCTPF from May 20,
2013 until we began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol TRIL
on December 19, 2014.
Legal Proceedings
To our knowledge, there have not been any legal or arbitration
proceedings, including those relating to bankruptcy, receivership or similar
proceedings, those involving any third party, and governmental proceedings
pending or known to be contemplated, which may have, or have had in the recent
past, significant effect our financial position or profitability.
- 7 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Also, to our knowledge, there have been no material proceedings
in which any director, any member of senior management, or any of our affiliates
is either a party adverse to us or any of our subsidiaries or has a material
interest adverse to us or any of our subsidiaries.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
Overview
Since inception, we have incurred losses while advancing the
research and development of our products. Net loss for the three months ended
June 30, 2015 of $5,568,564 exceeded the loss of $4,100,371 for the three months
ended June 30, 2014. Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2015 of
$10,238,877 exceeded the loss of $6,140,431 for the six months ended June 30,
2014. Losses for 2015 were higher than 2014 due mainly to higher costs for
SIRPαFc development and personnel costs, partially offset by lower share-based
compensation costs, and lower amortization and impairment of intangible
assets.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses by program for the three and
six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
|
|
Three months |
|
|
Six months |
|
|
Three months |
|
|
Six months |
|
|
|
ended |
|
|
ended |
|
|
ended |
|
|
ended |
|
|
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
|
June 30, 2015 |
|
|
June 30, 2014 |
|
|
June 30, 2014 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
SIRPαFc |
|
4,709,316 |
|
|
8,692,038 |
|
|
2,338,359 |
|
|
3,470,492 |
|
Tigecycline |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
727,316 |
|
|
1,089,978 |
|
Other |
|
4,000 |
|
|
37,659 |
|
|
39,727 |
|
|
110,414 |
|
Total(1) |
|
4,713,316 |
|
|
8,729,697 |
|
|
3,105,402 |
|
|
4,670,884 |
|
Note:
(1) |
Research and development expenditures in the above table
include all direct and indirect costs for the programs, personnel costs,
intellectual property related costs net of recoveries, share-based
compensation and research and development overhead, and is net of
government assistance. Research and development overhead costs have been
allocated to the programs based mainly on personnel time spent on the
programs. |
During 2015, most of our resources were focused on the
development of our SIRPαFc program. For the six months ended June 30, 2015,
research and development costs have increased over the same period in the prior
year as we have incurred manufacturing costs to supply our planned clinical
trial and regulatory costs to prepare for our IND submission in the third
quarter of 2015. In the second quarter of 2014, we discontinued our tigecycline
program and recorded an impairment loss of $429,763.
Components of research and development expenses for the three
months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development programs excluding
the below items |
|
2,865,808 |
|
|
900,461 |
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
1,050,263 |
|
|
532,228 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
807,668 |
|
|
1,097,360 |
|
- 8 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
84,837 |
|
|
220,551 |
|
Impairment of intangible assets |
|
- |
|
|
429,763 |
|
Depreciation of property and equipment |
|
16,271 |
|
|
13,878 |
|
Tax credits |
|
(111,531 |
) |
|
(88,839 |
) |
|
|
4,713,316 |
|
|
3,105,402 |
|
Components of research and development expenses for the six
months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development programs excluding
the below |
|
5,999,762 |
|
|
1,823,075 |
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
1,717,667 |
|
|
1,049,376 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
1,059,979 |
|
|
1,123,277 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
169,974 |
|
|
441,102 |
|
Impairment of intangible assets |
|
- |
|
|
429,763 |
|
Depreciation of property and equipment |
|
34,146 |
|
|
20,130 |
|
Tax credits |
|
(251,531 |
) |
|
(215,839 |
) |
|
|
8,729,697 |
|
|
4,670,884 |
|
The increase in research and development program expenses in
the three months ended June 30, 2015 was due mainly to an increase in SIRPαFc
development expenses of $1,860,892 related to manufacturing, preclinical studies
and clinical and regulatory advisory costs. This was partially offset by lower
amortization and impairment of intangible assets due to technologies
discontinued in 2014. Salaries, fees and short-term benefits increased in the
three months ended June 30, 2015 due to higher staffing and salaries compared to
the same period in 2014. Share-based compensation was lower due to a smaller
number of options granted in the three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to
the same quarter of 2014.
The increase in research and development program expenses for
the six months ended June 30, 2015 was due mainly to IND-enabling,
manufacturing, and preclinical activities during 2015. Program expenses have
increased in the six months ended June 30, 2015 due mainly to an increase in
SIRPαFc development expenses of $4,269,123. Salaries, fees, and short-term
benefits have increased for the six months ended June 30, 2015 with the addition
of research and development personnel and salary increases. Amortization and
impairment of intangible assets were lower in the six months ended June 30, 2015
compared to the prior year due to the discontinuation of the tigecycline program
in the prior year, resulting in an impairment loss of $429,763.
General and Administrative
Components of general and administrative expenses for the three
months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
excluding the below items |
|
442,369 |
|
|
569,493 |
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
175,807 |
|
|
86,173 |
|
DSU units issued for director compensation
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
240,000 |
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
48,262 |
|
|
180,295 |
|
|
|
966,438 |
|
|
1,075,961 |
|
- 9 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Components of general and administrative expenses for the six
months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
excluding the below items |
|
732,839 |
|
|
763,637 |
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
431,039 |
|
|
310,626 |
|
DSU units issued for director compensation
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
240,000 |
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
107,379 |
|
|
323,279 |
|
|
|
1,571,257 |
|
|
1,637,542 |
|
General and administrative costs for the three months ended
June 30, 2015 were lower than the comparable prior year period due mainly to
legal and audit fees incurred in the three months ended June 30, 2014 in
preparation for our NASDAQ stock exchange listing in late 2014. Also, in the
prior year we graduated to the Toronto Stock Exchange, incurring listing fees of
$162,000 and higher professional fees. The lower professional fees and exchange
listing fees in 2015 were partially offset by higher salaries, fees, and
short-term benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2015 due to an increase
in headcount in 2015, a higher number of deferred share units, or DSUs issued
for director compensation compared to the prior year, and higher insurance costs
related to our NASDAQ stock exchange listing. Share-based compensation for the
three months ended June 30, 2015 was lower than the prior year due to a lower
number of stock options issued in 2015.
General and administrative costs for the six months ended June
30, 2015 were lower than the comparable prior year period due to the same
factors discussed above, including legal and audit fees incurred in preparation
for the NASDAQ stock exchange listing and listing fees on graduation to the TSX
in the prior year, and a lower number of stock options issued in the six months
ended June 30, 2015. This was partially offset by an increase in headcount, a
higher number of DSUs issued for director compensation, and higher insurance
costs related to our NASDAQ stock exchange listing.
Finance income and costs
Finance income for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was
higher than the prior year comparable period mainly due to higher investment
income earned on a higher average cash balance resulting from the share offering
in April 2015, and higher foreign currency gains.
Finance income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was lower
than the prior year because of lower interest rates and a lower average cash
balance in the six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the same period in
2014, and no foreign currency gains in the 2015 period.
Finance costs for the three months ended June 30, 2015 were
comparable to the prior year period.
Finance costs for the six months ended June 30, 2015 were
higher than the comparable period due mainly to a net foreign currency loss in
2015 on US dollar denominated balances.
- 10 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, working capital, and debt
Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily from
sales of equity, proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options, and
from interest income on funds available for investment.
Our primary capital needs are for funds to support our
scientific research and development activities including manufacturing,
preclinical studies and clinical trials, administrative costs and for working
capital.
We have experienced operating losses and cash outflows from
operations since incorporation, will require ongoing financing in order to
continue our research and development activities, and we have not earned
significant revenue or reached successful commercialization of our products. Our
future operations are dependent upon our ability to finance our cash
requirements which will allow us to continue our research and development
activities and the commercialization of our products. There can be no assurance
that we will be successful in continuing to finance our operations.
On April 7, 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering
of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred shares in the United
States. In the offering, we sold 1,750,754 common shares and 1,077,605 Series II
Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares at a price of US$19.50 per share,
including 228,359 common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the
underwriters option to purchase additional common shares. The gross proceeds
from this offering were $68,875,067 (US$55,153,000) before deducting offering
expenses of $4,913,443.
The Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred
Shares sold in the offering are non-voting and are convertible into common
shares, on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustment), at any time at the
option of the holder, subject to certain restrictions on conversion. Holders may
not convert Series II Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares into common
shares if, after giving effect to the exercise of conversion, the holder and its
joint actors would have beneficial ownership or direction or control over common
shares in excess of 4.99% of the then outstanding common shares. This limit may
be raised at the option of the holder on 61 days prior written notice: (i) up to
9.99%, (ii) up to 19.99%, subject to clearance of a personal information form
submitted by the holder to the Toronto Stock Exchange, and (iii) above 19.99%,
subject to approval by the Toronto Stock Exchange and shareholder approval.
On May 29, 2015, we filed a base shelf prospectus with the
British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia securities
commissions in Canada and a Form F-10 registration statement with the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, that provides that we may
sell under the prospectus from time to time over the following 25 months up to
US $100 million, in one or more offerings, of common shares, First Preferred
shares, warrants to purchase common shares, or units comprising a combination of
common shares, First Preferred shares and/or warrants.
There is a significant number of warrants outstanding which are
in-the-money as of the period-end date and may provide future liquidity.
Our cash totaled $89,545,097 at June 30, 2015 compared to
$26,165,056 at December 31, 2014. As at June 30, 2015, our working capital
increased to $88,111,169 compared to $23,989,252 at December 31, 2014 due mainly
to funds received in the April 7, 2015 offering plus warrant exercises in the
six months ended June 30, 2015, partially offset by cash used in operations for
the SIRPαFc development program in the six months ended June 30, 2015. Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities as at June 30, 2015 of $2,289,452 were lower
than the balance of $3,248,984 at December 31, 2014, due mainly to the timing of
payment of invoices for manufacturing and preclinical studies. Amounts
receivable as at June 30, 2015 were $884,854 compared to $344,416 at December
31, 2014. The increase in amounts receivable was due mainly to the timing of
harmonized sales tax refunds received in 2015 compared to 2014.
- 11 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We are indebted to the Federal Economic Development Agency for
Southern Ontario, or FedDev, under a non-interest-bearing contribution agreement
and are making monthly repayments of $9,585 through November 2019. As at June
30, 2015, the balance repayable is $498,451. The loan payable was discounted
using an estimated market interest rate of 15%. Interest expense accretes on the
discounted loan amount until it reaches its face value at maturity.
We have a long-term liability of $83,522 related to certain
discontinued technologies. This liability was discounted using an estimated
market interest rate of 15% and interest expense is accreting.
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash used in operating activities totaled $9,403,113 for the
six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $3,207,089 for the six months ended
June 30, 2014. The increase was mainly due to an increase in research and
development expenses relating to the SIRPαFc program of $4,269,123 compared to
the prior year.
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash used in investing activities totaled $99,344 for the six
months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $117,377 for the six months ended June
30, 2014. The decrease was due to lower purchases of property and equipment
compared to the prior year period.
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities totaled $72,872,680 for
the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $908,961 for the six months
ended June 30, 2014. The increase was due mainly to the completion of an
underwritten public offering of common shares and non-voting convertible
preferred shares in April 2015.
Contractual Obligations and Contingencies
We enter into research, development and license agreements in
the ordinary course of business where we receive research services and rights to
proprietary technologies. Milestone and royalty payments that may become due
under various agreements are dependent on, among other factors, clinical trials,
regulatory approvals and ultimately the successful development of a new drug,
the outcome and timing of which is uncertain.
Under the license agreement with UHN for SIRPαFc, we have
future contingent milestones payable of $35,000 related to successful patent
grants, and $100,000, $200,000 and $300,000 payable on the first patient dosed
in phase I, II and III trials respectively. The regulatory milestone payments
amount to $1 million on each of the submission of a first biologics license
application, or BLA, in the U.S. and receipt of first regulatory approval in the
U.S. and proportionate payments in other territories worldwide. The aggregate
milestones payable on their first achievement under the agreement in the major
markets of the U.S., Europe and Asia combined are $5,660,000. Under the license
agreement, Trillium is required to pay 20% of any sublicensing revenues to the
licensors on the first $50 million of sublicensing revenues, and pay 15% of any
sublicensing revenues to the licensors after the first $50 million of
sublicensing revenue received.
Under two agreements with Catalent pursuant to which we
acquired the right to use a proprietary expression system for the manufacture of
two SIRPαFc constructs, we have future contingent milestones on pre-marketing
approval of up to U.S. $875,000 and aggregate sales milestone payments of up to
U.S. $28.8 million for each agreement.
- 12 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We periodically enter into research and license agreements with
third parties that include indemnification provisions customary in the industry.
These guarantees generally require us to compensate the other party for certain
damages and costs incurred as a result of claims arising from research and
development activities undertaken by or on our behalf. In some cases, the
maximum potential amount of future payments that could be required under these
indemnification provisions could be unlimited. These indemnification provisions
generally survive termination of the underlying agreement. The nature of the
indemnification obligations prevents us from making a reasonable estimate of the
maximum potential amount it could be required to pay. Historically, we have not
made any indemnification payments under such agreements and no amount has been
accrued in our consolidated financial statements with respect to these
indemnification obligations.
Other than as disclosed below, we did not have any contractual
obligations relating to long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease
obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other
long-term liabilities reflected on our balance sheet as at June 30, 2015:
|
|
|
Payment due by period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
1 to 3 |
|
|
3 to 5 |
|
|
More than |
|
Contractual Obligations(1)(2) |
|
|
Total |
|
|
1
year |
|
|
years |
|
|
years |
|
|
5
years |
|
Long-Term Debt
Obligations(3) |
|
$ |
498,451 |
|
$ |
105,446 |
|
$ |
230,064 |
|
$ |
162,941 |
|
$ |
- |
|
Capital (Finance) Lease Obligations |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
Operating Lease
Obligations(4) |
|
|
4,544,144 |
|
|
296,421 |
|
|
878,490 |
|
|
920,000 |
|
|
2,449,233 |
|
Purchase Obligations |
|
|
1,825,868 |
|
|
1,825,868 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
Other Long-Term Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reflected on our Balance Sheet(5) |
|
|
270,872 |
|
|
187,350 |
|
|
83,522 |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
$ |
7,139,335 |
|
$ |
2,415,085 |
|
$ |
1,192,076 |
|
$ |
1,082,941 |
|
$ |
2,449,233 |
|
Notes:
|
(1) |
Contractual obligations in the above table do not include
amounts in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on our balance sheet
as at June 30, 2015. Annual technology license fees currently
approximating $50,000 are not included in the above table. |
|
(2) |
Contingent milestones under the UHN license agreement and
the Catalent expression system agreements are not included in the above
table. |
|
(3) |
Amounts due to FedDev repayable in equal monthly
installments of $9,585 through November 2019. |
|
(4) |
Includes operating lease obligations for laboratory and
office facilities. |
|
(5) |
Long-term liability related to the cessation of the
development of our regenerative medicine products. |
- 13 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Description of Share Capital
The continuity of the number of our issued and outstanding
common and preferred shares for the year ended December 31, 2014, the six months
ended June 30, 2015, and to the date of this MD&A is presented below:
|
|
Number
of Series I |
|
|
Number
of Series II |
|
|
Number
of |
|
|
|
Preferred Shares(1 |
) |
|
Preferred Shares(2 |
) |
|
Common Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance December 31, 2013 |
|
77,895,165 |
|
|
- |
|
|
121,752,380 |
|
Consolidation 1 for 30 |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
(117,693,972 |
) |
Issued on exercise of stock
options |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
2,614 |
|
Issued on exercise of warrants |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
86,540 |
|
Preferred shares converted to common shares |
|
(8,390,476 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
279,682 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2014 |
|
69,504,689 |
|
|
- |
|
|
4,427,244 |
|
Issued on exercise of stock
options |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
6,666 |
|
Issued on exercise of warrants |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
1,001,076 |
|
Issued in public offering |
|
- |
|
|
1,077,605 |
|
|
1,750,754 |
|
Preferred shares converted to common shares |
|
(4,600,000 |
) |
|
- |
|
|
153,333 |
|
Balance at June 30, 2015 |
|
64,904,689 |
|
|
1,077,605 |
|
|
7,339,073 |
|
Issued on exercise of warrants |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
6,252
|
|
Balance at the date of this MD&A |
|
64,904,689 |
|
|
1,077,605 |
|
|
7,345,325 |
|
Notes:
|
(1) |
Convertible at a ratio of 30 Series I Preferred Shares
for each common share. |
|
(2) |
Convertible at a ratio of one Series II Preferred Share
for each common share. |
Share capital issued for the six
months ended June 30, 2015
On April 7, 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering
of common shares and non-voting convertible preferred shares in the United
States. In the offering, we sold 1,750,754 common shares and 1,077,605 Series II
Non-Voting Convertible First Preferred Shares at a price of US$19.50 per share,
including 228,359 common shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the
underwriters option to purchase additional common shares. The gross proceeds
from this offering were $68,875,067 (US$55,153,000) before deducting offering
expenses of $4,913,443.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, 1,001,076 common
shares were issued on the exercise of 30,032,580 warrants for proceeds of
$8,922,859 and 6,666 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $49,995.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, 4,600,000 Series I
First Preferred Shares were converted into 153,333 common shares.
Share capital issued for the year ended December 31,
2014
On November 14, 2014, we consolidated our outstanding common
shares issuing one post-consolidated share for each 30 pre-consolidated shares.
All references in this MD&A to the number of common shares, deferred share
units and stock options refer to the post-consolidation amounts.
In the year ended December 31, 2014, 2,596,251 warrants were
exercised for 86,540 common shares and for proceeds of $946,813 and 2,614 stock
options were exercised for proceeds of $19,600. Also, 909,091 warrants issued in
March 2011 expired unexercised.
During the year ended December 31, 2014, 8,390,476 Series I
First Preferred Shares were converted into 279,682 common shares.
- 14 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Warrants
As a result of the November 14, 2014 common share
consolidation, the ratio of the number of warrants exercisable for one common
share was adjusted from one warrant for each common share to thirty warrants for
each common share. The number of warrants outstanding was not adjusted.
The continuity of the number of issued and outstanding warrants
for the year ended December 31, 2014, the six months ended June 30, 2015, and to
the date of this MD&A is presented below:
|
|
Number
of |
|
|
|
Warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance December 31, 2013 |
|
142,230,123 |
|
Exercised |
|
(2,596,251 |
) |
Expired |
|
(909,091 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |
|
138,724,781 |
|
Exercised |
|
(30,032,580 |
) |
Balance at June 30, 2015 |
|
108,692,201 |
|
Exercised |
|
(187,571 |
) |
Balance at the
date of this MD&A |
|
108,504,630 |
|
The following table shows the number of warrants outstanding,
the exercise prices, the number of common shares issuable on exercise of the
warrants and the exercise price per common share for 30 warrants at June 30,
2015:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of |
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares |
|
|
Price per |
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
Issuable |
|
|
Common Share |
|
Expiry dates |
|
Warrants |
|
|
Price
|
|
|
on
Exercise |
|
|
(30
Warrants |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 13, 2015 |
|
2,234,784 |
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
74,493 |
|
$ |
6.30 |
|
March 15, 2018 |
|
9,276,270 |
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
309,209 |
|
$ |
12.00 |
|
March 27, 2018 |
|
420,000 |
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
14,000 |
|
$ |
12.00 |
|
December 13, 2018
|
|
96,761,147 |
|
$ |
0.28
|
|
|
3,225,372 |
|
$ |
8.40
|
|
Total |
|
108,692,201 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,623,074 |
|
|
|
|
Our board of directors authorized or ratified the issuances of
the warrants set forth in the table above and the issuance of one common share
upon the due exercise of every 30 warrants in accordance with its terms and the
receipt by us of the designated exercise price payable in respect of the share
prior to the time of expiry on the designated expiry date.
Stock Options
We have a 10% rolling stock option plan, or the 2014 Stock
Option Plan, which was approved by our shareholders at our annual general
meeting held on May 27, 2014. Pursuant to the 2014 Stock Option Plan, we may
grant stock options to purchase up to an aggregate of 10% of our issued and
outstanding common shares plus 10% of the total number of common shares into
which the outstanding First Preferred Shares may be converted. Options granted
under the 2014 Stock Option plan are equity-settled, have a vesting period of
four years and have a maximum term of ten years. As at June 30, 2015, the
Company was entitled to issue an additional 311,668 stock options under the 2014
Stock Option Plan.
- 15 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
The continuity of the number of issued and outstanding stock
options for the year ended December 31, 2014, the six months ended June 30,
2015, and to the date of this MD&A is presented below:
|
|
Number
of |
|
|
Weighted
Average |
|
|
|
Options |
|
|
Exercise Price |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance December 31, 2013 |
|
97,372 |
|
|
9.94 |
|
Granted |
|
499,883 |
|
|
9.78 |
|
Exercised |
|
(2,614 |
) |
|
7.50 |
|
Cancelled/
forfeited |
|
(4,500 |
) |
|
16.58
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2014 |
|
590,141 |
|
|
9.76 |
|
Granted |
|
126,500 |
|
|
25.00 |
|
Exercised |
|
(6,666 |
) |
|
7.50 |
|
Cancelled/forfeited |
|
(3,000 |
) |
|
30.00
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2015 and at the date of this MD&A
|
|
706,975 |
|
$ |
12.42 |
|
Deferred Share Unit Plan
Our shareholders approved the 2014 DSU Plan, on May 27, 2014.
The 2014 DSU Plan is intended to promote a greater alignment of long-term
interests between our non-executive directors and executive officers and our
shareholders through the issuance of DSUs. Since the value of a DSU increases or
decreases with the market price of the common shares, DSUs reflect a philosophy
of aligning the interests of directors and executive officers with those of the
shareholders by tying compensation to share price performance. The Board of
Directors intends to use DSUs issued under the 2014 DSU Plan, as well as stock
options issued under the 2014 Stock Option Plan, as part of our overall director
and executive officer compensation program. A total of 28,777 units were issued
during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 10,597 units were issued during the
six months ended June 30, 2015 for payment of director fees. We had 39,374 units
outstanding as at June 30, 2015. We have reserved for issuance up to 66,667
common shares under the 2014 DSU Plan.
Fully Diluted Share Capital
The number of issued and outstanding common shares, Series I
First Preferred Shares, Series II First Preferred Shares warrants, stock options
and DSUs on a fully converted basis as at June 30, 2015 was as follows:
|
|
Number of common |
|
|
|
share
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares |
|
7,339,073 |
|
Series I First Preferred Shares |
|
2,163,490 |
|
Series II First Preferred Shares |
|
1,077,605 |
|
Warrants |
|
3,623,074 |
|
Stock options |
|
706,975 |
|
Deferred share
units |
|
39,374 |
|
Fully diluted common shares as at June 30, 2015 |
|
14,949,591 |
|
- 16 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Shareholder Rights Plan
On October 17, 2013 our shareholders adopted a shareholder
rights plan, or the 2013 Rights Plan, and approved certain amendments on May 27,
2014, or the Rights Plan Amendment, and which together with the 2013 Rights Plan
may be referred to as the Rights Plan. The Rights Plan is designed to provide
adequate time for the Board of Directors and the shareholders to assess an
unsolicited takeover bid for the Company, to provide the Board of Directors with
sufficient time to explore and develop alternatives for maximizing shareholder
value if a takeover bid is made, and to provide shareholders with an equal
opportunity to participate in a takeover bid and receive full and fair value for
their common shares. The Rights Plan will expire at the close of our annual
meeting of shareholders in 2016.
The rights issued under the Rights Plan initially attach to and
trade with the common shares and no separate certificates will be issued unless
an event triggering these rights occurs. The rights will become exercisable only
when a person, including any party related to it, acquires or attempts to
acquire 20% or more of the outstanding common shares without complying with the
Permitted Bid provisions of the Rights Plan or without approval of the Board
of Directors. Should such an acquisition occur or be announced, each right
would, upon exercise, entitle a rights holder, other than the acquiring person
and related persons, to purchase common shares at an approximate 50% discount to
the market price at the time.
Under the Rights Plan, a Permitted Bid is a bid made to all
holders of the common shares and which is open for acceptance for not less than
60 days. If at the end of 60 days at least 50% of the outstanding common shares,
other than those owned by the offeror and certain related parties have been
tendered, the offeror may take up and pay for the common shares but must extend
the bid for a further 10 days to allow other shareholders to tender. The
issuance of common shares upon the exercise of the rights is subject to receipt
of certain regulatory approvals.
Related Parties
For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, our key
management personnel were the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief
Financial Officer, Chief Scientific Officer, Chief Medical Officer, and Chief
Development Officer.
Compensation for our key management personnel for the six
months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:
|
|
2015 |
|
|
2014 |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries, fees and short-term benefits |
|
1,425,079 |
|
|
961,077 |
|
Share-based
compensation |
|
921,528 |
|
|
1,666,682 |
|
|
|
2,346,607 |
|
|
2,627,759 |
|
Executive officers and directors participate in the 2014 Stock
Option Plan and the 2014 DSU Plan, and officers participate in our benefit
plans. Directors receive annual fees for their services. As at June 30, 2015,
the key management personnel controlled less than 1% of our voting shares.
Outstanding balances with related parties at the period-end are
unsecured, interest free and settlement occurs in cash. There have been no
guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables.
For the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, $0 and $7,916, respectively,
was paid to a former director for consulting fees.
- 17 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Trend Information
Historical patterns of expenditures cannot be taken as an
indication of future expenditures. The amount and timing of expenditures and
therefore liquidity and capital resources vary substantially from period to
period depending on the number of research and development programs being
undertaken at any one time, the stage of the development programs, the timing of
significant expenditures for manufacturing, toxicology and pharmacology studies
and clinical trials, and the availability of funding from investors and
prospective commercial partners.
Selected Quarterly Financial Information
2015 |
Q2-2015 $ |
Q1-2015 $ |
|
|
Revenue |
- |
- |
|
|
Research and development expenses |
4,713,316 |
4,016,381 |
|
|
General and administrative expenses |
966,438 |
604,819 |
|
|
Net loss for the period |
5,568,564 |
4,670,313 |
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share* |
0.80 |
0.98 |
|
|
Cash |
89,545,097 |
25,702,189 |
|
|
2014 |
Q4-2014 $ |
Q3-2014 $ |
Q2-2014 $ |
Q1-2014 $ |
Revenue |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Research and development expenses |
3,834,947 |
2,089,977 |
3,105,402 |
1,565,482 |
General and administrative expenses |
439,846 |
500,072 |
1,075,961 |
561,581 |
Net loss for the period |
4,214,862 |
2,526,527 |
4,100,371 |
2,040,060 |
Basic and diluted net loss per share* |
0.97 |
0.60 |
0.99 |
0.50 |
Cash |
26,165,056 |
27,754,378 |
30,041,001 |
31,864,387 |
2013 |
Q4-2013 $ |
Q3-2013 $ |
Q2-2013 $ |
Q1-2013 $ |
Revenue |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Research and development expenses |
1,061,927 |
1,053,047 |
1,059,063 |
162,669 |
General and administrative expenses |
230,679 |
223,920 |
329,716 |
177,885 |
Net loss for the period |
1,282,223 |
1,294,820 |
1,376,687 |
335,578 |
Basic and diluted net loss per share* |
0.66 |
0.91 |
1.01 |
0.48 |
Cash |
32,456,506 |
2,661,941 |
2,192,059 |
4,057,983 |
*Note: Loss per share has been calculated for all
periods on a post-share consolidation basis.
- 18 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Losses in the first quarter of 2013 reflected lower development
and administrative activities as we searched for new technologies. The losses
beginning from the second quarter of 2013 increased as a result of the merger
with Trillium Privateco and the subsequent activities related primarily to
advancing the SIRPαFc development program. Research and development expenses
increased in 2014 and 2015 reflecting higher manufacturing and preclinical
development costs for SIRPαFc as we advanced this program toward clinical
development. Research and development expenses for the second quarter of 2014
were also higher due to higher non-cash share-based compensation and the
recognition of an impairment charge on return of the tigecycline rights back to
UHN. General and administrative expenses for the second quarter of 2014 were
higher due mainly to higher non-cash share-based compensation expenses and costs
associated with migrating to the TSX. General and administrative costs for the
second quarter of 2015 were higher than the first quarter of 2015 due mainly to
the issuance of DSUs for director fees.
Management expects 2015 expenses will increase from 2014 levels
as we expect to advance our SIRPαFc program through IND-enabling studies,
complete manufacturing for and initialize the phase I clinical trial, hire
additional personnel, and carry out an expanded preclinical program that
includes additional cancer indications and combination studies.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or
are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial
condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital
expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Quantitative & Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk
Fair Value
IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement provides a hierarchy of
valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques
are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those which reflect market
data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflects our
assumptions with respect to how market participants would price an asset or
liability. These two inputs used to measure fair value fall into the following
three different levels of the fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets
for identical instruments that are observable.
Level 2 Quoted prices in active markets
for similar instruments; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and
derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 Valuations derived from
valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable.
The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when
available.
We have classified cash and marketable securities as Level 1.
The loan payable has been classified as Level 2.
Cash, marketable securities, amounts receivable, accounts
payable and accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities, due within one
year, are all short-term in nature and, as such, their carrying values
approximate fair values. The fair value of the non-current loan payable and
long-term liability is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows
at the cost of money to us, which is equal to its carrying value.
Risks
We are exposed to credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate
risk and currency risk. Our Board of Directors has overall responsibility for
the establishment and oversight of our risk management framework. The Audit
Committee is responsible for reviewing our risk management policies.
- 19 -
TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to us if a
counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual
obligations, and arises principally from our cash and cash equivalents and
amounts receivable. The carrying amount of these financial assets represents the
maximum credit exposure. We follow an investment policy to mitigate against the
deterioration of principal and to enhance our ability to meet its liquidity
needs. Cash and cash equivalents are on deposit with a major Canadian chartered
bank. Amounts receivable are primarily comprised of amounts due from the federal
government.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet its
financial obligations as they fall due. We are a development stage company and
are reliant on external fundraising to support its operations. Once funds have
been raised, we manage our liquidity risk by investing in cash and cash
equivalents to provide regular cash flow for current operations. We also manage
liquidity risk by continuously monitoring actual and projected cash flows. The
Board of Directors reviews and approves our operating and capital budgets, as
well as any material transactions not in the ordinary course of business. The
majority of our accounts payable and accrued liabilities have maturities of less
than three months.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future
cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market
interest rates. We hold our cash in bank accounts or high interest savings
accounts which have a variable rate of interest. We manage our interest rate
risk by holding highly liquid short-term instruments and by holding our
investments to maturity, where possible. For the six months ended June 30, 2015
and 2014, we earned interest income of $179,662 and $192,541, respectively.
Therefore, a 1% change in the average interest rate for the years ended June 30,
2015 and 2014, would have a net impact on finance income of $1,797 and $1,925,
respectively.
Currency risk
We are exposed to currency risk related to the fluctuation of
foreign exchange rates and the degree of volatility of those rates. Currency
risk is limited to the portion of our business transactions denominated in
currencies other than the Canadian dollar which are primarily expenses in U.S.
dollars. As at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we held US dollar cash in
the amount of US$49,087,915 and US$142,558 and had US dollar denominated
accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the amount of US$594,807 and
US$1,910,430, respectively. Therefore, a 1% change in the foreign exchange rate
would have a net impact on finance costs as at June 30, 2015 and December 31,
2014 of $484,931 and $17,679, respectively.
US dollar expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and
2014 were approximately US$4,200,000 and US$620,000 respectively. Varying the US
exchange rate for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 to reflect a 5%
strengthening of the Canadian dollar would have decreased the net loss by
approximately $210,000 and $31,000, respectively, assuming that all other
variables remained constant.
Significant Changes
We are not aware of any significant change that has occurred
since June 30, 2015 included in this MD&A and that has not been disclosed
elsewhere in this MD&A.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We are an emerging growth company under the U.S. Jumpstart
Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and will continue to qualify
as an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (a) the last day
of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of
$1,000,000,000 (as such amount is indexed for inflation every 5 years by the
SEC) or more; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth
anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common shares pursuant to an
effective registration statement under the Securities Act; (c) the date on which
we have, during the previous 3-year period, issued more than $1,000,000,000 in
non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a large
accelerated filer, as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Generally, a company that registers any class of its securities
under Section 12 of the Exchange Act is required to include in the second and
all subsequent annual reports filed by it under the Exchange Act, a management
report on internal control over financial reporting and, subject to an exemption
available to companies that meet the definition of a smaller reporting company
in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, an auditor attestation report on
managements assessment of the companys internal control over financial
reporting. However, for so long as we continue to qualify as an emerging growth
company, we will be exempt from the requirement to include an auditor
attestation report in our annual reports filed under the Exchange Act, even if
we do not qualify as a smaller reporting company. In addition, Section
103(a)(3) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, has been
amended by the JOBS Act to provide that, among other things, auditors of an
emerging growth company are exempt from any rules of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a
supplement to the auditors report in which the auditor would be required to
provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of
the company.
Any U.S. domestic issuer that is an emerging growth company is
able to avail itself of the reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive
compensation in periodic reports and proxy statements, and to not present to its
shareholders a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation, obtain
approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved, or present
the relationship between executive compensation actually paid and our financial
performance. So long as we are a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to
such requirements, and will not become subject to such requirements even if we
were to cease to be an emerging growth company.
As a reporting issuer under the securities legislation of the
Canadian provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and
Alberta, we are required to comply with all new or revised accounting standards
that apply to Canadian public companies. Pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS
Act, an emerging growth company may elect to utilize an extended transition
period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for public
companies until such standards apply to private companies. We have elected not
to utilize this extended transition period.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS
requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the
application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent
assets and liabilities and the determination of the Companys ability to
continue as a going concern. Actual results could differ materially from these
estimates and assumptions. The Company reviews its estimates and underlying
assumptions on an ongoing basis. Revisions are recognized in the period in which
the estimates are revised and may impact future periods.
The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity,
or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial
statements have been set out in Note 2 of the Companys annual consolidated
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies were outlined in our annual
audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.
This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014.
New standards and interpretations not yet
effective
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
In October 2010, the IASB published amendments to IFRS 9
Financial Instruments, or IFRS 9, which provide added guidance on the
classification and measurement of financial liabilities. In July 2014, the IASB
issued its final version of IFRS 9, which completes the classification and
measurement, impairment and hedge accounting phases of the IASBs project to
replace IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The
final standard is mandatorily effective for annual periods beginning on or after
January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted. We are currently assessing
the impact that the adoption of this standard may have on the consolidated
financial statements.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts
with Customers (IFRS 15), which covers principles for reporting about the
nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from
contracts with customers. IFRS 15 is mandatorily applicable for annual periods
beginning on or after January 1, 2017, however the IASB has voted to delay this
mandatory application date by one year, with earlier adoption permitted. At this
time the final amendments to the standard detailing the delay is expected to be
released by the IASB in September 2015. Entities will transition following
either a full or modified retrospective approach. The Company is reviewing the
standard to determine the impact on the interim condensed consolidated financial
statements.
Other accounting standards or amendments to existing accounting
standards that have been issued, but have future effective dates, are either not
applicable or are not expected to have a significant impact on the Companys
interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company assesses the
impact of adoption of future standards on its interim condensed consolidated
financial statements, but does not anticipate significant changes in 2015.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of
risk and should be considered speculative. An investment in our common shares
should only be undertaken by those persons who can afford the total loss of
their investment. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties
described below, as well as other information contained in this MD&A. The
risks and uncertainties below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks
and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we believe to be immaterial
may also adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our
business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously
harmed and you could lose all or part of your investment. Further, if we fail to
meet the expectations of the public market in any given period, the market price
of our common shares could decline. We operate in a highly competitive
environment that involves significant risks and uncertainties, some of which are
outside of our control.
Risks Related to our Business and our Industry
We expect to incur future losses and we may never become
profitable.
We have incurred losses of $10.2 million, $12.9 million and
$4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and for the years ended
December 31, 2014, and 2013, respectively, and expect to incur an operating loss
for the year ending December 31, 2015. We have an accumulated deficit since
inception through June 30, 2015 of $60.8 million. We believe that operating
losses will continue in and beyond 2015 because we are planning to incur
significant costs associated with the preclinical and clinical development of
SIRPαFc. Our net losses have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on,
among other things, our shareholders equity, total assets and working capital.
We expect that losses will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year,
and that such fluctuations may be substantial. We cannot predict when we will
become profitable, if at all.
We currently have no product revenue and will not be able
to maintain our operations and research and development without additional
funding.
To date, we have generated no product revenue and cannot
predict when and if we will generate product revenue. Our ability to generate
product revenue and ultimately become profitable depends upon our ability, alone
or with partners, to successfully develop our product candidates, obtain
regulatory approval, and commercialize products, including any of our current
product candidates, or other product candidates that we may develop, in-license
or acquire in the future. We do not anticipate generating revenue from the sale
of products for the foreseeable future. We expect our research and development
expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities,
particularly as we advance our product candidates into clinical trials.
Our prospects depend on the success of our product
candidates which are at early stages of development, and we may not generate
revenue for several years, if at all, from these products.
Given the early stage of our product development, we can make
no assurance that our research and development programs will result in
regulatory approval or commercially viable products. To achieve profitable
operations, we, alone or with others, must successfully develop, gain regulatory
approval, and market our future products. We currently have no products that
have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, Health
Canada, or HC, or any similar regulatory authority. To obtain regulatory
approvals for our product candidates being developed and to achieve commercial
success, clinical trials must demonstrate that the product candidates are safe
for human use and that they demonstrate efficacy. While SIRPαFc has begun
preclinical studies to support an IND application, we have not yet completed
current Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP manufacturing, formal toxicology
studies, a phase I clinical trial or subsequent required clinical trials.
Many product candidates never reach the stage of clinical
testing and even those that do have only a small chance of successfully
completing clinical development and gaining regulatory approval. Product
candidates may fail for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to,
being unsafe for human use or due to the failure to provide therapeutic benefits
equal to or better than the standard of treatment at the time of testing.
Unsatisfactory results obtained from a particular study relating to a research
and development program may cause us or our collaborators to abandon commitments to that program. Positive results of
early preclinical research may not be indicative of the results that will be
obtained in later stages of preclinical or clinical research. Similarly,
positive results from early-stage clinical trials may not be indicative of
favorable outcomes in later-stage clinical trials. We can make no assurance that
any future studies, if undertaken, will yield favorable results. We can make no
assurances that toxicology studies in non-human primates will yield results that
will allow us to proceed with clinical trials in humans.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
The early stage of our product development makes it
particularly uncertain whether any of our product development efforts will prove
to be successful and meet applicable regulatory requirements, and whether any of
our product candidates will receive the requisite regulatory approvals, be
capable of being manufactured at a reasonable cost or be successfully marketed.
If we are successful in developing our current and future product candidates
into approved products, we will still experience many potential obstacles such
as the need to develop or obtain manufacturing, marketing and distribution
capabilities. If we are unable to successfully commercialize any of our
products, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially
and adversely affected.
We rely and will continue to rely on third parties to
plan, conduct and monitor our preclinical studies and clinical trials, and their
failure to perform as required could cause substantial harm to our
business.
We rely and will continue to rely on third parties to conduct a
significant portion of our preclinical and clinical development activities.
Preclinical activities include in vivo studies providing access to specific
disease models, pharmacology and toxicology studies, and assay development.
Clinical development activities include trial design, regulatory submissions,
clinical patient recruitment, clinical trial monitoring, clinical data
management and analysis, safety monitoring and project management. If there is
any dispute or disruption in our relationship with third parties, or if they are
unable to provide quality services in a timely manner and at a feasible cost,
our active development programs will face delays. Further, if any of these third
parties fails to perform as we expect or if their work fails to meet regulatory
requirements, our testing could be delayed, cancelled or rendered
ineffective.
We rely on contract manufacturers over whom we have
limited control. If we are subject to quality, cost or delivery issues with the
preclinical and clinical grade materials supplied by contract manufacturers, our
business operations could suffer significant harm.
We have limited manufacturing experience and rely on contract
manufacturing organizations, or CMOs to manufacture our product candidates for
larger preclinical studies and clinical trials. We produce small quantities of
our product candidates at bench scale in our laboratory facilities for use in
smaller preclinical studies. We rely on CMOs for manufacturing, filling,
packaging, storing and shipping of drug product in compliance with cGMP
regulations applicable to our products. The FDA ensures the quality of drug
products by carefully monitoring drug manufacturers compliance with cGMP
regulations. The cGMP regulations for drugs contain minimum requirements for the
methods, facilities and controls used in manufacturing, processing and packing
of a drug product.
We have contracted with Catalent, for the manufacture of the
SIRPαFc protein needed for our pre-IND toxicology and pharmacology studies and
to supply drug product for our phase I clinical trial. The manufacture of
recombinant proteins uses well established processes including a protein
expression system. Catalent is producing SIRPαFc using their proprietary GPEx®
expression system. We believe that Catalent has the capacity, the systems, and
the experience to supply SIRPαFc for our planned phase I clinical trial and we
may consider using Catalent for manufacturing for later clinical trials.
However, since the Catalent manufacturing facility where SIRPαFc is being
produced was only recently established, it has not been inspected by the FDA.
Any manufacturing failures or delays or compliance issues could cause delays in
the completion of our preclinical studies of SIRPαFc, and delays in the
submission or approval of our IND and the initiation of our phase I clinical
trial.
There can be no assurances that CMOs will be able to meet our
timetable and requirements. We have not contracted with alternate suppliers in
the event Catalent is unable to scale up production, or if Catalent otherwise
experiences any other significant problems. If we are unable to arrange for
alternative third-party manufacturing sources on commercially reasonable terms
or in a timely manner, we may be delayed in the development of our product
candidates. Further, contract manufacturers must operate in compliance with cGMP
and failure to do so could result in, among other things, the disruption of product supplies. Our
dependence upon third parties for the manufacture of our products may adversely
affect our profit margins and our ability to develop and deliver products on a
timely and competitive basis.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to
demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities or
do not otherwise produce positive results, we would incur additional costs or
experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the
development and commercialization of our product candidates.
Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities
for the sale of our product candidates, we must conduct preclinical studies in
animals and extensive clinical trials in humans to demonstrate the safety and
efficacy of the product candidates. Clinical testing is expensive and difficult
to design and implement, can take many years to complete and has uncertain
outcomes. The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not
predict the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical
trial do not necessarily predict final results. A number of companies in the
pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks
in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unacceptable safety
profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. We do not know
whether the clinical trials we may conduct will demonstrate adequate efficacy
and safety to result in regulatory approval to market any of our product
candidates in any jurisdiction. A product candidate may fail for safety or
efficacy reasons at any stage of the testing process. A major risk we face is
the possibility that none of our product candidates under development will
successfully gain market approval from the FDA or other regulatory authorities,
resulting in us being unable to derive any commercial revenue from them after
investing significant amounts of capital in multiple stages of preclinical and
clinical testing.
If we experience delays in clinical testing, we will be
delayed in commercializing our product candidates, and our business may be
substantially harmed.
We cannot predict whether any clinical trials will begin as
planned, will need to be restructured, or will be completed on schedule, or at
all. Our product development costs will increase if we experience delays in
clinical testing. Significant clinical trial delays could shorten any periods
during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product
candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to market before us, which
would impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates
and may harm our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The
commencement and completion of clinical trials for our products, including our
planned SIRPαFc phase I clinical trial, may be delayed for a number of reasons,
including delays related, but not limited, to:
- failure by regulatory authorities to grant permission to proceed or
placing the clinical trial on hold;
- patients failing to enroll or remain in our trials at the rate we expect;
- suspension or termination of clinical trials by regulators for many
reasons, including concerns about patient safety or failure of our contract
manufacturers to comply with cGMP requirements;
- any changes to our manufacturing process that may be necessary or desired;
- delays or failure to obtain clinical supply from contract manufacturers of
our products necessary to conduct clinical trials;
- product candidates demonstrating a lack of safety or efficacy during
clinical trials;
- patients choosing an alternative treatment for the indications for which
we are developing any of our product candidates or participating in competing
clinical trials;
- patients failing to complete clinical trials due to dissatisfaction with
the treatment, side effects or other reasons;
- reports of clinical testing on similar technologies and products raising
safety and/or efficacy concerns;
- competing clinical trials and scheduling conflicts with participating
clinicians;
- clinical investigators not performing our clinical trials on their
anticipated schedule, dropping out of a trial, or employing methods not
consistent with the clinical trial protocol, regulatory requirements or other
third parties not performing data collection and analysis in a timely or
accurate manner;
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
- failure of our contract research organizations, or CROs, to satisfy their
contractual duties or meet expected deadlines;
- inspections of clinical trial sites by regulatory authorities or
Institutional Review Boards, or IRBs, or ethics committees finding regulatory
violations that require us to undertake corrective action, resulting in
suspension or termination of one or more sites or the imposition of a clinical
hold on the entire study;
- one or more IRBs or ethics committees rejecting, suspending or terminating
the study at an investigational site, precluding enrollment of additional
subjects, or withdrawing its approval of the trial; or
- failure to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical
trial sites.
Our product development costs will increase if we experience
delays in testing or approval or if we need to perform more or larger clinical
trials than planned. Additionally, changes in regulatory requirements and
policies may occur, and we may need to amend study protocols to reflect these
changes. Amendments may require us to resubmit our study protocols to regulatory
authorities or IRBs or ethics committees for re-examination, which may impact
the cost, timing or successful completion of that trial. Delays or increased
product development costs may have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and prospects.
If we have difficulty enrolling patients in clinical
trials, the completion of the trials may be delayed or cancelled.
As our product candidates advance from preclinical testing to
clinical testing, and then through progressively larger and more complex
clinical trials, we will need to enroll an increasing number of patients that
meet our eligibility criteria. There is significant competition for recruiting
cancer patients in clinical trials, and we may be unable to enroll the patients
we need to complete clinical trials on a timely basis or at all. The factors
that affect our ability to enroll patients are largely uncontrollable and
include, but are not limited to, the following:
- size and nature of the patient population;
- eligibility and exclusion criteria for the trial;
- design of the study protocol;
- competition with other companies for clinical sites or patients;
- the perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under study;
- the patient referral practices of physicians; and
- the number, availability, location and accessibility of clinical trial
sites.
If we are unable to successfully develop companion
diagnostics for our therapeutic product candidates, or experience significant
delays in doing so, we may not achieve marketing approval or realize the full
commercial potential of our therapeutic product candidates.
We plan to develop companion diagnostics for our therapeutic
product candidates. We expect that, at least in some cases, regulatory
authorities may require the development and regulatory approval of a companion
diagnostic as a condition to approving our therapeutic product candidates. We
have limited experience and capabilities in developing or commercializing
diagnostics and plan to rely in large part on third parties to perform these
functions. We do not currently have any agreement in place with any third party
to develop or commercialize companion diagnostics for any of our therapeutic
product candidates.
Companion diagnostics are subject to regulation by the FDA, HC,
and comparable foreign regulatory authorities as medical devices and may require
separate regulatory approval or clearance prior to commercialization. If we, or
any third parties that we engage to assist us, are unable to successfully
develop companion diagnostics for our therapeutic product candidates, or
experience delays in doing so, our business may be substantially harmed.
Regulatory approval processes are lengthy, expensive and
inherently unpredictable. Our inability to obtain regulatory approval for our
product candidates would substantially harm our business.
Our development and commercialization activities and product
candidates are significantly regulated by a number of governmental entities,
including the FDA, HC, and comparable authorities in other countries. Regulatory
approvals are required prior to each clinical trial and we may fail to
obtain the necessary approvals to commence or continue clinical testing. We must
comply with regulations concerning the manufacture, testing, safety,
effectiveness, labeling, documentation, advertising, and sale of products and
product candidates and ultimately must obtain regulatory approval before we can
commercialize the product candidate. The time required to obtain approval by
such regulatory authorities is unpredictable but typically takes many years
following the commencement of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Any
analysis of data from clinical activities we perform is subject to confirmation
and interpretation by regulatory authorities, which could delay, limit or
prevent regulatory approval. Even if we believe results from our clinical trials
are favorable to support the marketing of our product candidates, the FDA or
other regulatory authorities may disagree. In addition, approval policies,
regulations, or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval
may change during the course of a product candidates clinical development and
may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any
product candidate and it is possible that none of our existing product
candidates or any future product candidates will ever obtain regulatory
approval.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We could fail to receive regulatory approval for our product
candidates for many reasons, including, but not limited to:
- disagreement with the design or implementation of our clinical trials;
- failure to demonstrate that a product candidate is safe and effective for
its proposed indication;
- failure of clinical trials to meet the level of statistical significance
required for approval;
- failure to demonstrate that a product candidates clinical and other
benefits outweigh its safety risks;
- disagreement with our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or
clinical trials;
- the insufficiency of data collected from clinical trials of our product
candidates to support the submission and filing of a BLA or other submission
to obtain regulatory approval;
- deficiencies in the manufacturing processes or the failure of facilities
of CMOs with whom we contract for clinical and commercial supplies to pass a
pre-approval inspection; or
- changes in the approval policies or regulations that render our
preclinical and clinical data insufficient for approval.
A regulatory authority may require more information, including
additional preclinical or clinical data to support approval, which may delay or
prevent approval and our commercialization plans, or we may decide to abandon
the development program. If we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities
may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications
than we request, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly
post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve a product candidate with a label
that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the
successful commercialization of that product candidate. Moreover, depending on
any safety issues associated with our product candidates that garner approval,
the FDA may impose a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, thereby imposing
certain restrictions on the sale and marketability of such products.
We will require additional capital to finance our
operations, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. As
a result, we may not complete the development and commercialization of our
product candidates or develop new product candidates.
As a research and development company, our operations have
consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We expect to spend
substantial funds to continue the research, development and testing of our
product candidates that are in the preclinical testing stages of development,
and to prepare to commercialize products subject to FDA approval in the U.S. and
similar approvals in other jurisdictions. We will also require significant
additional funds if we expand the scope of our current clinical plans for the
SIRPαFc program or if we were to acquire any new assets and advance those
towards clinical testing. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, we will have to
fund all of our operations and development expenditures from cash on hand,
equity or debt financings, through collaborations with other biotechnology or
pharmaceutical companies or through financings from other sources. We expect
that our existing cash at June 30, 2015 of $89,545,097 plus the gross proceeds
raised from our April 2015 public offering of common shares and non-voting
convertible preferred shares of $68,875,067 (US$55,153,000) before deducting offering expenses of $4,913,443 will enable us to fund our
current operating plan requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Additional financing will be required to meet our long term liquidity needs. If
we do not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we might not
be able to complete planned preclinical studies and clinical trials or pursue
and obtain approval of any product candidates from the FDA and other regulatory
authorities. It is possible that future financing will not be available or, if
available, may not be on favorable terms. The availability of financing will be
affected by the achievement of our corporate goals, the results of scientific
and clinical research, the ability to obtain regulatory approvals, the state of
the capital markets generally and with particular reference to drug development
companies, the status of strategic alliance agreements and other relevant
commercial considerations. If adequate funding is not available, we may be
required to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our product development
programs, or obtain funds through corporate partners or others who may require
us to relinquish significant rights to product candidates or obtain funds on
less favorable terms than we would otherwise accept. To the extent that external
sources of capital become limited or unavailable or available on onerous terms,
our intangible assets and our ability to continue our clinical development plans
may become impaired, and our assets, liabilities, business, financial condition
and results of operations may be materially or adversely affected.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We face competition from other biotechnology and
pharmaceutical companies and our financial condition and operations will suffer
if we fail to effectively compete.
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely
competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our
competitors include large, well-established pharmaceutical companies,
biotechnology companies, and academic and research institutions developing
cancer therapeutics for the same indications we are targeting and competitors
with existing marketed therapies. Many other companies are developing or
commercializing therapies to treat the same diseases or indications for which
our product candidates may be useful. Although there are no approved therapies
that specifically target the CD47 pathway, some competitors use therapeutic
approaches that may compete directly with our product candidates. For example,
SIRPαFc is in direct competition with CD47 blocking antibodies from Stanford
University, Celgene Corporation, and Novimmune SA.
Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial,
technical and human resources than we do and have significantly greater
experience than us in conducting preclinical testing and human clinical trials
of product candidates, scaling up manufacturing operations and obtaining
regulatory approvals of products. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in
obtaining regulatory approval for products more rapidly than we do. Our ability
to compete successfully will largely depend on:
- the efficacy and safety profile of our product candidates relative to
marketed products and other product candidates in development;
- our ability to develop and maintain a competitive position in the product
categories and technologies on which we focus;
- the time it takes for our product candidates to complete clinical
development and receive marketing approval;
- our ability to obtain required regulatory approvals;
- our ability to commercialize any of our product candidates that receive
regulatory approval;
- our ability to establish, maintain and protect intellectual property
rights related to our product candidates; and
- acceptance of any of our product candidates that receive regulatory
approval by physicians and other healthcare providers and payers.
If we are not able to compete effectively against our current
and future competitors, our business will not grow and our financial condition
and operations will substantially suffer.
We heavily rely on the capabilities and experience of our
key executives and scientists and the loss of any of them could affect our
ability to develop our products.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
The loss of Dr. Niclas Stiernholm, our President and Chief
Executive Officer, or other key members of our staff, including Dr. Robert Uger,
our Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Eric Sievers, our Chief Medical Officer, James
Parsons, our Chief Financial Officer, or Dr. Penka Petrova, our Chief
Development Officer, could harm us. We have employment agreements with Drs.
Stiernholm, Uger, Sievers and Petrova and Mr. Parsons, although such employment
agreements do not guarantee their retention. We also depend on our scientific
and clinical collaborators and advisors, all of whom have outside commitments
that may limit their availability to us. In addition, we believe that our future
success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly
skilled scientific, managerial, medical, clinical and regulatory personnel,
particularly as we expand our activities and seek regulatory approvals for
clinical trials. We routinely enter into consulting agreements with our
scientific and clinical collaborators and advisors, key opinion leaders and
academic partners in the ordinary course of our business. We also enter into
contractual agreements with physicians and institutions who will recruit
patients into our clinical trials on our behalf in the ordinary course of our
business. Notwithstanding these arrangements, we face significant competition
for these types of personnel from other companies, research and academic
institutions, government entities and other organizations. We cannot predict our
success in hiring or retaining the personnel we require for continued growth.
The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key personnel
could potentially harm our business, operating results or financial condition.
Our employees may engage in misconduct or other improper
activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements,
which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are exposed to the risk of employee fraud or other
misconduct. Misconduct by employees could include failures to comply with FDA
regulations, provide accurate information to the FDA, comply with manufacturing
standards we have established, comply with federal and state health-care fraud
and abuse laws and regulations, report financial information or data accurately
or disclose unauthorized activities to us. In particular, sales, marketing and
business arrangements in the healthcare industry are subject to extensive laws
and regulations intended to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing, and other
abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide
range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, sales commission,
customer incentive programs and other business arrangements. Employee misconduct
could also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of
clinical trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm to
our reputation. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not
successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could
have a substantial impact on our business and results of operations, including
the imposition of substantial fines or other sanctions.
We may expand our business through the acquisition of
companies or businesses or by entering into collaborations or by in-licensing
product candidates, each of which could disrupt our business and harm our
financial condition.
We have in the past and may in the future seek to expand our
pipeline and capabilities by acquiring one or more companies or businesses,
entering into collaborations, or in-licensing one or more product candidates.
For example, in April 2013, we acquired Trillium Privateco to acquire novel
cancer therapeutics, an experienced scientific management team and internal
development capabilities. We licensed intellectual property relating to methods
and compounds for the modulation of the SIRPα-CD47 interaction for therapeutic
cancer applications from UHN and HSC. In April 2013, we also in-licensed
tigecycline which was subsequently returned to the UHN in 2014. Acquisitions,
collaborations and in-licenses involve numerous risks, including, but not
limited to:
- substantial cash expenditures;
- technology development risks;
- potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities;
- incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, some of which may be
difficult or impossible to identify at the time of acquisition;
- difficulties in assimilating the operations of the acquired companies;
- potential disputes regarding contingent consideration;
- diverting our managements attention away from other business concerns;
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
- entering markets in which we have limited or no direct experience; and
- potential loss of our key employees or key employees of the acquired
companies or businesses.
We have experience in making acquisitions, entering
collaborations, and in-licensing product candidates, however, we cannot provide
assurance that any acquisition, collaboration or in-license will result in
short-term or long-term benefits to us. We may incorrectly judge the value or
worth of an acquired company or business or in-licensed product candidate. In
addition, our future success would depend in part on our ability to manage the
rapid growth associated with some of these acquisitions, collaborations and
in-licenses. We cannot provide assurance that we would be able to successfully
combine our business with that of acquired businesses, manage a collaboration or
integrate in-licensed product candidates. Furthermore, the development or
expansion of our business may require a substantial capital investment by
us.
Negative results from clinical trials or studies of
others and adverse safety events involving the targets of our products may have
an adverse impact on our future commercialization efforts.
From time to time, studies or clinical trials on various
aspects of biopharmaceutical products are conducted by academic researchers,
competitors or others. The results of these studies or trials, when published,
may have a significant effect on the market for the biopharmaceutical product
that is the subject of the study. The publication of negative results of studies
or clinical trials or adverse safety events related to our product candidates,
or the therapeutic areas in which our product candidates compete, could
adversely affect our share price and our ability to finance future development
of our product candidates, and our business and financial results could be
materially and adversely affected.
We face the risk of product liability claims, which could
exceed our insurance coverage and produce recalls, each of which could deplete
our cash resources.
We are exposed to the risk of product liability claims alleging
that use of our product candidates caused an injury or harm. These claims can
arise at any point in the development, testing, manufacture, marketing or sale
of our product candidates and may be made directly by patients involved in
clinical trials of our product candidates, by consumers or healthcare providers
or by individuals, organizations or companies selling our products. Product
liability claims can be expensive to defend, even if the product or product
candidate did not actually cause the alleged injury or harm.
Insurance covering product liability claims becomes
increasingly expensive as a product candidate moves through the development
pipeline to commercialization. We currently maintain clinical trial liability
insurance coverage of $10 million. However, there can be no assurance that such
insurance coverage is or will continue to be adequate or available to us at a
cost acceptable to us or at all. We may choose or find it necessary under our
collaborative agreements to increase our insurance coverage in the future. We
may not be able to secure greater or broader product liability insurance
coverage on acceptable terms or at reasonable costs when needed. Any liability
for damages resulting from a product liability claim could exceed the amount of
our coverage, require us to pay a substantial monetary award from our own cash
resources and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations. Moreover, a product recall, if required,
could generate substantial negative publicity about our products and business,
inhibit or prevent commercialization of other products and product candidates or
negatively impact existing or future collaborations.
In addition, some of our licensing and other agreements with
third parties require or might require us to maintain product liability
insurance. If we cannot maintain acceptable amounts of coverage on commercially
reasonable terms in accordance with the terms set forth in these agreements, the
corresponding agreements would be subject to termination, which could have a
material adverse impact on our operations.
We may not achieve our publicly announced milestones
according to schedule, or at all.
From time to time, we may announce the timing of certain events
we expect to occur, such as the anticipated timing of results from our clinical
trials. These statements are forward-looking and are based on the best estimates
of management at the time relating to the occurrence of such
events. However, the actual timing of such events may differ from what has been
publicly disclosed. The timing of events such as initiation or completion of a
clinical trial, filing of an application to obtain regulatory approval, or
announcement of additional clinical trials for a product candidate may
ultimately vary from what is publicly disclosed. For example, we cannot provide
assurances that the SIRPαFc phase I clinical trial will be initiated on
schedule, if at all, or that we will make regulatory submissions or receive
regulatory approvals as planned. These variations in timing may occur as a
result of different events, including the nature of the results obtained during
a clinical trial or during a research phase, problems with a CMO or a CRO or any
other event having the effect of delaying the publicly announced timeline. We
undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information,
whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as
otherwise required by law. Any variation in the timing of previously announced
milestones could have a material adverse effect on our business plan, financial
condition or operating results and the trading price of common shares.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We are exposed to the financial risk related to the
fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and the degrees of volatility of those
rates.
We may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations.
To date, we have been primarily funded through issuances of equity, proceeds
from the exercise of warrants and stock options and from interest income on
funds available for investment, which are all denominated in Canadian dollars. A
growing portion of our expenditures are in U.S. dollars, however, and we are,
therefore, subject to foreign currency fluctuations which may, from time to
time, impact our financial position and results of operations.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
If we are unable to adequately protect and enforce our
intellectual property, our competitors may take advantage of our development
efforts or acquired technology and compromise our prospects of marketing and
selling our key products.
We own or hold licenses to a number of U.S.-issued patents and
U.S. and Canadian pending patent applications, as well as foreign patents and
foreign counterparts. In the U.S., we have our own rights to five key issued
patents and two pending key patent applications. In addition, we have numerous
patent applications pending in Europe, Australia, China, India, and Japan. Our
success will depend in part upon our ability to protect our intellectual
property and proprietary technologies and upon the nature of the intellectual
property protection we receive. For example, some of our patent portfolio covers
primarily methods of use but not compositions of matter. The ability to compete
effectively and to achieve partnerships will depend on our ability to develop
and maintain proprietary aspects of our technology and to operate without
infringing on the proprietary rights of others. The presence of such proprietary
rights of others could severely limit our ability to develop and commercialize
our products, to conduct our existing research and could require financial
resources to defend litigation, which may be in excess of our ability to raise
such funds. There is no assurance that our pending patent applications or those
that we intend to acquire will be approved in a form that will be sufficient to
protect our proprietary technology and gain or keep any competitive advantage
that we may have.
The patent positions of pharmaceutical companies can be highly
uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions for which
important legal principles remain unresolved. Patents issued to us or our
respective licensors may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. To the
extent our intellectual property, including licensed intellectual property,
offers inadequate protection, or is found to be invalid or unenforceable, we are
exposed to a greater risk of direct competition. If our intellectual property
does not provide adequate protection against our competitors products, our
competitive position could be adversely affected, as could our business,
financial condition and results of operations. Both the patent application
process and the process of managing patent disputes can be time consuming and
expensive, and the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our
intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of Canada and the
United States.
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Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We will be able to protect our intellectual property from
unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary
technologies, key products, and any future products are covered by valid and
enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets, and provided
we have the funds to enforce our rights, if necessary.
If we lose our licenses from third-party owners we may be
unable to continue a substantial part of our business.
We are party to a number of licenses that give us rights to
intellectual property that is necessary or useful for a substantial part of our
business. Pursuant to our exclusive license agreement with UHN and HSC under
which we license certain patent rights for our key products and their uses, we
are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize products
based on the licensed rights and pay certain royalties and sublicensing revenue
to UHN and HSC. These licenses require that we pay development milestone
payments, regulatory milestone payments, royalties on net sales, and
sublicensing revenues, as well as annual maintenance fees.
We have also entered into agreements allowing us to manufacture
SIRPαFc using Catalents proprietary GPEx® expression system. The consideration
includes payments at the time we successfully reach a series of development and
sales milestones. We may also enter into licenses in the future to access
additional third-party intellectual property.
If we fail to pay annual maintenance fees, development and
sales milestones, or it is determined that we did not use commercially
reasonable efforts to commercialize licensed products, we could lose our
licenses which could have a material adverse effect on our business and
financial condition.
We may require additional third-party licenses to
effectively develop and manufacture our key products and are currently unable to
predict the availability or cost of such licenses.
A substantial number of patents have already been issued to
other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. To the extent that valid
third-party patent rights cover our products or services, we or our strategic
collaborators would be required to seek licenses from the holders of these
patents in order to manufacture, use or sell these products and services, and
payments under them would reduce our profits from these products and services.
We are currently unable to predict the extent to which we may wish or be
required to acquire rights under such patents, the availability and cost of
acquiring such rights, and whether a license to such patents will be available
on acceptable terms or at all. There may be patents in the U.S. or in foreign
countries or patents issued in the future that are unavailable to license on
acceptable terms. Our inability to obtain such licenses may hinder or eliminate
our ability to manufacture and market our products.
Changes in patent law and its interpretation could
diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to
protect our product candidates.
As is the case with other biotechnology and pharmaceutical
companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property,
particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical
industry involves technological and legal complexity, and obtaining and
enforcing biopharmaceutical patents is costly, time-consuming and inherently
uncertain. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent
years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain
circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In
addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our and our licensors or
collaborators ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of
events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once
obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, the laws and regulations
governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our and
our licensors or collaborators ability to obtain new patents or to enforce
existing patents and patents we and our licensors or collaborators may obtain in
the future.
Recent patent reform legislation could increase the
uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our and our licensors or
collaborators patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our
licensors or collaborators issued patents. On September 16, 2011, the
Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law.
The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law.
These include provisions that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted
and may also affect patent litigation. The USPTO recently developed new
regulations and procedures to govern administration of the Leahy-Smith Act, and
many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith
Act, and in particular, the first to file provisions, only became effective on
March 16, 2013. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the
Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. However, the
Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and
costs surrounding the prosecution of our or our licensors or collaborators
patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our or our licensors or
collaborators issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect
on our business and financial condition.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Litigation regarding patents, patent applications, and
other proprietary rights may be expensive, time consuming and cause delays in
the development and manufacturing of our key products.
Our success will depend in part on our ability to operate
without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. The pharmaceutical
industry is characterized by extensive patent litigation. Other parties may
have, or obtain in the future, patents and allege that the use of our
technologies infringes these patent claims or that we are employing their
proprietary technology without authorization.
In addition, third parties may challenge or infringe upon our
existing or future patents. Proceedings involving our patents or patent
applications or those of others could result in adverse decisions regarding:
- the patentability of our inventions relating to our key products; and/or
- the enforceability, validity, or scope of protection offered by our
patents relating to our key products.
If we are unable to avoid infringing the patent rights of
others, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action, or
challenge the validity of the patents in court. Regardless of the outcome,
patent litigation is costly and time consuming. In some cases, we may not have
sufficient resources to bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In
addition, if we do not obtain a license, develop or obtain non-infringing
technology, fail to defend an infringement action successfully or have infringed
patents declared invalid, we may:
- incur substantial monetary damages;
- encounter significant delays in bringing our key products to market;
and/or
- be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use or sale of our key
products or methods of treatment requiring licenses.
Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur
substantial costs and divert management time and attention in pursuing these
proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our
trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor will discover
them.
Because we rely on third parties to develop our products, we
must share trade secrets with them. We seek to protect our proprietary
technology in part by entering into confidentiality agreements and, if
applicable, material transfer agreements, collaborative research agreements,
consulting agreements or other similar agreements with our collaborators,
advisors, employees and consultants prior to beginning research or disclosing
proprietary information. These agreements typically restrict the ability of our
collaborators, advisors, employees and consultants to publish data potentially
relating to our trade secrets. Our academic collaborators typically have rights
to publish data, provided that we are notified in advance and may delay
publication for a specified time in order to secure our intellectual property
rights arising from the collaboration. In other cases, publication rights are
controlled exclusively by us, although in some cases we may share these rights
with other parties. We also conduct joint research and development programs which may require us to share
trade secrets under the terms of research and development collaboration or
similar agreements. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets, our
competitors may discover our trade secrets, either through breach of these
agreements, independent development or publication of information including our
trade secrets in cases where we do not have proprietary or otherwise protected
rights at the time of publication. A competitors discovery of our trade secrets
would impair our competitive position and could have a material adverse effect
on our business and financial condition.
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Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Risks Related to Our Common Shares
Our common share price has been volatile in recent years,
and may continue to be volatile.
The market prices for securities of biopharmaceutical
companies, including ours, have historically been volatile. In the six months
ended June 30, 2015, our common shares traded on the TSX, at a high of $37.27
and a low of $10.50 per share. In the year ended December 31, 2014, on the
TSXV/TSX our common shares traded at a high of $22.20 and a low of $6.30 per
share. A number of factors could influence the volatility in the trading price
of our common shares, including changes in the economy or in the financial
markets, industry related developments, the results of product development and
commercialization, changes in government regulations, and developments
concerning proprietary rights, litigation and cash flow. Our quarterly losses
may vary because of the timing of costs for manufacturing and initiating and
completing preclinical and clinical trials. Also, the reporting of adverse
safety events involving our products and public rumors about such events could
cause our share price to decline or experience periods of volatility. Each of
these factors could lead to increased volatility in the market price of our
common shares. In addition, changes in the market prices of the securities of
our competitors may also lead to fluctuations in the trading price of our common
shares.
We have never paid dividends and do not expect to do so
in the foreseeable future.
We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common
or preferred shares to date. The payment of dividends in the future will be
dependent on our earnings and financial condition in addition to such other
factors as our board of directors considers appropriate. Unless and until we pay
dividends, shareholders may not receive a return on their shares. There is no
present intention by our board of directors to pay dividends on our shares.
Future sales or issuances of equity securities and the
conversion of outstanding securities to common shares could decrease the value
of the common shares, dilute investors voting power, and reduce our earnings
per share.
We may sell additional equity securities in future offerings,
including through the sale of securities convertible into equity securities, to
finance operations, acquisitions or projects, and issue additional common shares
if outstanding warrants or stock options are exercised, or preferred shares are
converted to common shares, which may result in dilution. See the information in
the section of this MD&A entitled Description of Share Capital for details
of our outstanding securities convertible into common shares. We filed a base
shelf prospectus with securities commissions in Canada and a Form F-10
registration statement with the SEC on May 29, 2015 that provides that we may
sell under the prospectus from time to time over the following 25 months up to
US $100 million, in one or more offerings, of common shares, First Preferred
shares, warrants to purchase common shares, or units comprising a combination of
common shares, First Preferred shares and/or warrants. Subject to receipt of any
required regulatory approvals, subscribers of the December 2013 private
placement who purchased a minimum of 10% of the securities sold under the
offering received rights to purchase our securities in future financings to
enable each such shareholder to maintain their percentage holding in our common
shares for so long as the subscriber holds at least 10% of the outstanding
common shares on a fully-diluted basis. Shareholders who do not have this future
financing participation right may be disadvantaged in participating in such
financings.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
Our board of directors has the authority to authorize certain
offers and sales of additional securities without the vote of, or prior notice
to, shareholders. Based on the need for additional capital to fund expected
expenditures and growth, it is likely that we will issue additional securities
to provide such capital. Such additional issuances may involve the issuance of a
significant number of common shares at prices less than the current market price
for our common shares.
Sales of substantial amounts of our securities, or the
availability of such securities for sale, as well as the issuance of substantial
amounts of our common shares upon conversion of outstanding convertible equity
securities, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for our
securities and dilute investors earnings per share. A decline in the market
prices of our securities could impair our ability to raise additional capital
through the sale of securities should we desire to do so.
We are likely a passive foreign investment company,
which may have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S.
shareholders.
U.S. investors should be aware that we believe we were
classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, during the tax year
ended December 31, 2014, and based on current business plans and financial
expectations, we expect that we will be a PFIC for the current tax year and may
be a PFIC in future tax years. If we are a PFIC for any year during a U.S.
shareholders holding period of our common shares, then such U.S. shareholder
generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of our
common shares, or any so-called excess distribution received on our common
shares, as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such
gain or distributions, unless the shareholder makes a timely and effective
qualified electing fund election, or QEF Election, or a
mark-to-market election with respect to our shares. A U.S. shareholder who
makes a QEF Election generally must report on a current basis its share of our
net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which we are a PFIC,
whether or not we distribute any amounts to our shareholders. A U.S. shareholder
who makes the mark-to-market election generally must include as ordinary income
each year the excess of the fair market value of the common shares over the
shareholders adjusted tax basis therein. Each U.S. shareholder should consult
its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and the U.S. federal income tax
consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares.
It may be difficult for non-Canadian investors to obtain
and enforce judgments against us because of our Canadian incorporation and
presence.
We are a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of
Ontario, Canada. Several of our directors and officers, and several of the
experts are residents of Canada, and all or a substantial portion of their
assets, and a substantial portion of our assets, are located outside the United
States. Consequently, although we have appointed an agent for service of process
in the United States, it may be difficult for holders of our securities who
reside in the United States to effect service within the United States upon
those directors and officers, and the experts who are not residents of the
United States. It may also be difficult for holders of our securities who reside
in the United States to realize in the United States upon judgments of courts of
the United States predicated upon our civil liability and the civil liability of
our directors, officers and experts under the United States federal securities
laws. Investors should not assume that Canadian courts (i) would enforce
judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against us or such
directors, officers or experts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of
the United States federal securities laws or the securities or blue sky laws
of any state or jurisdiction of the United States or (ii) would enforce, in
original actions, liabilities against us or such directors, officers or experts
predicated upon the United States federal securities laws or any securities or
blue sky laws of any state or jurisdiction of the United States. In addition,
the protections afforded by Canadian securities laws may not be available to
investors in the United States.
If there are substantial sales of our common shares, the
market price of our common shares could decline.
Sales of substantial numbers of our common shares could cause a
decline in the market price of our common shares. Any sales by existing
shareholders or holders who exercise their warrants or stock options may have an
adverse effect on our ability to raise capital and may adversely affect the
market price of our common shares.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
We are an emerging growth company, and we cannot be
certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth
companies will make our common shares less attractive to investors.
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS
Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take
advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable
to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not
being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding
executive compensation in our periodic reports and exemptions from the
requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and
shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although
circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier. We cannot predict if
investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on
these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a
result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our
share price may be more volatile.
Any failure to maintain an effective system of internal
controls may result in material misstatements of our consolidated financial
statements or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or fail to
prevent fraud; and in that case, our shareholders could lose confidence in our
financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact
the price of our common shares.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide
reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. If we fail to maintain an
effective system of internal controls, we might not be able to report our
financial results accurately or prevent fraud; and in that case, our
shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm
our business and could negatively impact the price of our common shares. While
we believe that we have sufficient personnel and review procedures to allow us
maintain an effective system of internal controls, we cannot provide assurance
that we will not experience potential material weaknesses in our internal
control. Even if we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting
provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board, because of its inherent limitations,
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or
misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or
difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our results of
operations or cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations.
If we fail to timely achieve and maintain the adequacy of our
internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to produce
reliable financial reports or help prevent fraud. Our failure to achieve and
maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could prevent us
from complying with our reporting obligations on a timely basis, which could
result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our consolidated
financial statements, harm our business and negatively impact the trading price
of our common shares.
As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to
certain United States securities law disclosure requirements that apply to a
domestic United States issuer, which may limit the information which would be
publicly available to our shareholders.
As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with
all the periodic disclosure requirements of the Exchange Act, and therefore,
there may be less publicly available information about us than if we were a
United States domestic issuer. For example, we are not subject to the proxy
rules in the United States and disclosure with respect to our annual meetings
will be governed by Canadian requirements.
Our charter documents and certain Canadian legislation
could delay or deter a change of control, limit attempts by our shareholders to
replace or remove our current management and limit the market price of our
common shares.
Our authorized preferred shares are available for issuance from
time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without shareholder
approval. Our articles grant our board of directors the authority to determine
the special rights and restrictions granted to or imposed on any unissued series
of preferred shares, and those rights may be superior to those of our common shares. Further, the
Investment Canada Act subjects any acquisition of control of a company by a
non-Canadian to government review if the value of the assets as calculated
pursuant to the legislation exceeds a threshold amount or in other circumstances
determined at the discretion of the Canadian government. A reviewable
acquisition may not proceed unless the relevant minister is satisfied that the
investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada and the Canadian government
is satisfied that no other important concerns arise from the acquisition of
control. Any of the foregoing could prevent or delay a change of control and may
deprive or limit strategic opportunities to our shareholders to sell their
shares.
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TRILLIUM THERAPEUTICS INC. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis |
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL
REPORTING
We have implemented a system of internal controls that we
believe adequately protects our assets and is appropriate for the nature of our
business and the size of our operations. Our internal control system was
designed to provide reasonable assurance that all transactions are accurately
recorded, that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that our assets are
safeguarded.
These internal controls include disclosure controls and
procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us is
accumulated and communicated as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure.
Internal control over financial reporting means a process
designed by or under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and the
Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The
internal controls are not expected to prevent and detect all misstatements due
to error or fraud.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial
reporting that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2015 that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
control over financial reporting. As at June 30, 2015, we have assessed the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure
controls and procedures using the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commissions 2013 framework. Based on their evaluation, the Chief
Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these
controls and procedures are effective.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information for Trillium can be found on SEDAR at
www.sedar.com, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml.
- 37 -
FORM 52-109F2
CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM FILINGS
FULL CERTIFICATE
I, Niclas Stiernholm, Chief Executive Officer of
Trillium Therapeutics Inc., certify the following:
1. |
Review: I have reviewed the interim
financial report and interim MD&A (together, the interim filings) of
Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (the issuer) for the interim period
ended June 30, 2015. |
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2. |
No misrepresentations: Based on my
knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do
not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a
statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was
made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings. |
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3. |
Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge,
having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report
together with the other financial information included in the interim
filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and
for the periods presented in the interim filings. |
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4. |
Responsibility: The issuers other
certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over
financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National
Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers Annual and
Interim Filings, for the issuer. |
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5. |
Design: Subject to the limitations, if any,
described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuers other certifying officer
and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim
filings |
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(a) |
designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that |
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(i) |
material information relating to the issuer is made known
to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim
filings are being prepared; and |
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(ii) |
information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its
annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it
under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in securities
legislation; |
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(b) |
designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with the issuers GAAP. |
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5.1 |
Control framework: The control framework
the issuers other certifying officer and I used to design the issuers
ICFR is the Internal Control Integrated Framework (COSO 2013
Framework) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission. |
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5.2 |
N/A |
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5.3 |
N/A |
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6. |
Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has
disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuers ICFR that
occurred during the period beginning on April 1, 2015 and ended on
June 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely
to materially affect, the issuers ICFR. |
Date: August 11, 2015
(signed) Niclas Stiernholm
Niclas Stiernholm
Chief Executive Officer
FORM 52-109F2
CERTIFICATION OF INTERIM FILINGS
FULL CERTIFICATE
I, James Parsons, Chief Financial Officer of
Trillium Therapeutics Inc., certify the following:
1. |
Review: I have reviewed the interim
financial report and interim MD&A (together, the interim filings) of
Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (the issuer) for the interim period
ended June 30, 2015. |
|
|
|
|
2. |
No misrepresentations: Based on my
knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do
not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a
statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was
made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings. |
|
|
|
|
3. |
Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge,
having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report
together with the other financial information included in the interim
filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and
for the periods presented in the interim filings. |
|
|
|
|
4. |
Responsibility: The issuers other
certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over
financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are defined in National
Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers Annual and
Interim Filings, for the issuer. |
|
|
|
|
5. |
Design: Subject to the limitations, if any,
described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuers other certifying officer
and I have, as at the end of the period covered by the interim
filings |
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(i) |
material information relating to the issuer is made known
to us by others, particularly during the period in which the interim
filings are being prepared; and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(ii) |
information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its
annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by it
under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in securities
legislation; |
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|
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|
(b) |
designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with the issuers GAAP. |
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|
|
|
5.1 |
Control framework: The control framework
the issuers other certifying officer and I used to design the issuers
ICFR is the Internal Control Integrated Framework (COSO 2013
Framework) published by The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission. |
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5.2 |
N/A |
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5.3 |
N/A |
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6. |
Reporting changes in ICFR: The issuer has
disclosed in its interim MD&A any change in the issuers ICFR that
occurred during the period beginning on April 1, 2015 and ended on
June 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely
to materially affect, the issuers ICFR. |
Date: August 11, 2015
(signed) James Parsons
James Parsons
Chief
Financial Officer
Trillium Therapeutics (NASDAQ:TRIL)
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