UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-K
 
þ
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from __________   to _________
 
Commission file number 0-935
_______________________
CYTOCORE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
36-4296006
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
414 N. Orleans St., Suite 503, Chicago, IL
60654
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
(312) 222-9550
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code )
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
None
  
Not Applicable
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(Title of class)
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.      Yes ¨   No þ  
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.       Yes ¨   No þ  
 
                Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ    No ¨
 
                Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  
Yes þ    No ¨
 
                Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.   See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  
 
Large accelerated filer   ¨
Accelerated filer   ¨
 
 
Non-accelerated filer ¨
Smaller reporting company þ
 
               Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ¨    No þ
 
                The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Company was $1,426,634, based upon the closing price of shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of $0.02 as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board on June 28, 2013, the last day of the Company’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.   Shares of common stock held by each current executive officer and director and by each person who is known by the Company to own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded from this computation in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the Company.   This determination of affiliate status is not a conclusive determination for other purposes.
 
                The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of April 7, 2014 was 1,904,591,796
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
None.
 
 
 
CYTOCORE, INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
December 31, 2013
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
PART I
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Business
2
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
16
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
23
Item 2.
Properties
24
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
25
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
25
 
 
 
PART II  
 
 

 

 

 

Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
25
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
26
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
30
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
30
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
30
Item 9B.
Other Information
31
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
31
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
34
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
36
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
38
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
40
 
 
 
PART IV
 
 

 

 

 

Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
40
 
 
 
Signatures
43
 
Index to Financial Statements
 
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012
F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the two years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012
F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012
F-5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity (Deficit) for each of the two years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012
F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-7
 
 
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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
This document contains “forward-looking statements” – that is, statements related to future, not past, events. In this context, forward-looking statements often address our expected future business and financial performance and financial condition, and often contain words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “see,” or “will.” Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. For us, particular uncertainties that could cause our actual results to be materially different than those expressed in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: our ability to raise capital; our ability to retain key employees; our ability to engage third party distributors to sell our products; economic conditions; technological advances in the medical field; demand and market acceptance risks for new and existing products, technologies, and healthcare services; the impact of competitive products and pricing; U.S. and international regulatory, trade, and tax policies; product development risks, including technological difficulties; ability to enforce patents; and numerous other matters of national, regional and global scale, including those of a political, economic, business and competitive nature.   These uncertainties may cause our actual future results to be materially different than those expressed in our forward-looking statements. These uncertainties are described in more detail in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing.   We do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.
 
Item 1.
Business
 
Overview
 
                CytoCore, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, or “us”), formerly Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., is developing, and plans to sell, an integrated family of cost-effective products for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer under the trade name of CytoCore Solutions ® .   CytoCore Solutions products are intended to address sample collection, specimen preparation, specimen evaluation (including detection/screening and diagnosis), treatment and patient monitoring within vertical markets related to specific cancers.   Current CytoCore Solutions products are focused upon cervical and breast cancer.   We plan that this focus will later be expanded to include other gynecological cancers as well as bladder, lung, oral and anal cancers, among others.   Within each of these markets, we anticipate that the CytoCore Solutions products will be sold as individual value-added drop-in replacements for existing products and as integrated systems that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical and laboratory operations.     
 
                Currently our only marketed product is the SoftPAP ® cell collection device that is intended to replace the spatula and brush currently used to collect cervical cytology samples.   SoftPAP constitutes one of the sample collection components of our CytoCore Solutions System. Products under development include SoftKit ® , another sample collection device directed at ensuring female reproductive tract health; a sample collection device and associated assays for the assessment of breast cancer risk; a several biomarker-based assays for the detection and diagnosis of cancer; and our next generation specialized system for computer-assisted cytology.   We intend to market and sell these products worldwide.
 
      We believe the CytoCore Solutions System will provide better detection and diagnosis of cancer and cancer-related diseases through improved specimen quality and accuracy of test results, both in terms of a lower incidence of false negatives and fewer inadequate collections of samples.    We also believe the system will expand the number of women who can be tested, thereby increasing detection and diagnosis rates.
 
Background
 
                We were incorporated in Delaware in December 1998 as the successor to Bell National Corporation, a company incorporated in California in 1958. In December 1998, Bell National, which was then a shell corporation, acquired InPath, LLC, a development stage company engaged in the design and development of products used in screening for cervical and other types of cancer. For accounting purposes, the acquisition was treated as if InPath had acquired Bell National. However, Bell National continued as the legal entity and the registrant for Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filing purposes. Bell National merged into Ampersand Medical Corporation, its wholly-owned subsidiary, in May 1999 in order to change its state of incorporation to Delaware.
 
 
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                In September 2001, we acquired 100% of the outstanding stock of AccuMed International, Inc., by means of a merger of AccuMed into our wholly-owned subsidiary.    Shortly after the AccuMed merger, we changed our name to Molecular Diagnostics, Inc.   Subsequently, in June 2006, we changed our name to CytoCore, Inc.
               
Recent Developments
 
                During 2013 and 2012, our operations were severely restricted by our lack of working capital. We have maintained minimal operations. Due to this restriction, we have not been able to hire marketing and sales personnel or accelerate our research and development activities. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may be forced to cease operations.
 
On January 11, 2014, the “Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement”) with Medite Enterprises, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Medite”), Medite GMBH, a corporation organized under the laws of Germany and wholly owned by Medite (the “Subsidiary”), Michael Ott and Michaela Ott, the sole shareholders of the Company (collectively, the “Shareholders”).
 
Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company agreed to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Medite from the Shareholders in exchange for the issuance of up to 1,500,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to the Shareholders. The Agreement also provides that the Shareholders will indemnify the Company for certain losses during the one year period following the closing. In connection with such indemnification rights, the Agreement provides that 375,000,000 of the Shares will be deposited with the Company and held for a period of 12 months to cover certain indemnification claims that the Company may have against the Shareholders.
 
Medite specializes in the development, manufacture and distribution of medical laboratory automation equipment and supplies for pathology, histology and cytology. Medite’s focus is on the development of medical devices for detection, risk assessment and diagnosis of cancer and related diseases.
 
Closing of the acquisition of Medite was conditioned upon: (i) the completion of a private placement transaction resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of $1.25 million (the “Private Placement”), and (ii) the conversion of certain accrued wages of the Company into shares of the Company’s common stock. In addition, as of the closing, there shall be no more than 1,875,000,000 shares of the Company’s common exclusive of any shares of the Company’s common stock issued in connection with the Private Placement.
 
On April 3, 2014, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, as amended to date, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Medite in exchange for the issuance of up to 1,500,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Shareholders, of which 1,468,750,000 shares were issued upon the closing of the Acquisition. In the event that the Company issues less than $2,500,000 of shares of common stock in the Private Placement, the Company shall be required to issue up to an additional 31,250,000 shares of common stock to the Shareholders..   Also, the Company issued 69,723,439 shares of common stock for payment of certain accrued wages of the Company.
 
Upon closing of the Acquisition, the Company conducted an initial closing of the Private Placement. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement the Company issued 95,587,500 shares of common stock to accredited investors for an aggregate purchase price of $1,529,400.
 

Information About Industry Segments

 
                We operate in one industry segment involving medical screening devices, diagnostics, and supplies. All of our operations during the reporting period were conducted and managed within this segment, with a single management team that reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer. For information on revenues, profit or loss and total assets, among other financial data, attributable to our operations, see the consolidated financial statements included herein.
 
Description of Business
               
                We plan to sell an integrated family of cost-effective products for the detection and diagnosis of cancer under the trade name of CytoCore Solutions . CytoCore Solutions products are intended to address sample collection, specimen preparation, specimen evaluation (including detection/screening and diagnosis), and patient monitoring within vertical markets related to specific cancers.   Current CytoCore Solutions products are focused upon cervical and breast cancer.   We expect that this focus will later be expanded to include other gynecological cancers as well as bladder, lung, oral and anal cancers, among others.   Within each of these markets, we anticipate that the CytoCore Solutions products will be sold as individual value-added drop-in replacements for existing products and as integrated systems that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical and laboratory operations.  
 
 
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                Total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $24,000 and $198,000, respectively.   Sales of the collection system for the detection of breast cancer totaled $10,000, or 42%, and $179,000, or 90% of total revenues in 2013 and 2012, respectively. License fee revenue totaled $14,000 or 58% in 2013 and $17,000, or 9% in 2012. Sales of our SoftPaP ® product accounted for revenue of $2,000, or 1%, of our revenue in 2012. There was no revenue from our SoftPaP ® in 2013.
 
                Products
 
                Cell Collection Devices
 
                Clinical diagnostics laboratories analyze or otherwise evaluate samples obtained from the human body for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, characterizing it as to type and extent, and/or monitoring the efficacy of treatment.   The starting point in any clinical diagnostic test is the collection of a sample that contains the analyte of interest. To a very large extent, the characteristics of the sample collected determine the quality of the results of any tests performed on the sample.   The sensitivity and/or accuracy of a test is, for example, likely to be reduced if the sample collection device or method does not capture a sufficient amount of the target analyte, alters the analyte of interest, or collects significant quantities of substances that interfere with the analysis.   For this reason, the collection of samples from specific tissues is one of our major focuses.
 
                Cervix
 
                We currently sell the SoftPAP device for the collection of cervical cell samples that are used in the detection of cervical dysplasia, cancer and human papillomavirus (“HPV”) infections.   We believe that SoftPAP , which has been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (‘FDA”) for sale in the United States and which is CE Marked for international distribution, is positioned as a premium value-added alternative to the spatula, broom and brush-style devices that have traditionally been used for these purposes.   Unlike these traditional devices, SoftPAP collects only exfoliated cells and does not scrape, cut or abrade the cervix.   This unique sample collection method has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the frequency of false negative and false positive results when the sample is evaluated by cytological methods to detect the presence of dysplasia and cancer.   A reduction in the false negative rate means that a greater percentage of patients who have cervical dysplasia, cancer or similar abnormalities are detected during cervical cancer screening (Pap testing) and can, therefore, be treated.   A reduced false positive rate means that fewer patients are falsely identified as having cervical dysplasia or cancer, thus sparing these patients the unnecessary stress, discomfort and expense of the additional testing needed to verify that dysplasia or cancer is actually present.   In addition, women have reported that having a cervical sample taken using SoftPAP is more comfortable than when a traditional device is used.    The present SoftPAP consists of a disposable collector and a reusable handle.   A low cost SoftPAP that combines the collector and handle into a completely disposable device and variants of SoftPAP for the collection of exfoliated cell samples from tissues other than the cervix are being designed.  
 
                SoftKit is a low cost disposable device for the self collection of a sample that can be evaluated to provide an assessment of the health of the entire female genital tract.   We are in the final stages of developing SoftKit for the collection of cellular samples that can be screened for a variety of gynecological cancers (including cervical, endometrial, and ovarian), and for the collection of gynecological samples to be tested for the presence of HPV and additional indications such as sexually transmitted disease (“STD”) testing.   SoftKit addresses a number of market niches and segments that are not addressed effectively by SoftPAP or traditional gynecological sampling devices.   We believe that SoftKit complements SoftPAP in the CytoCore Solutions family of products.   SoftKit is designed to eliminate the need for assistance from a medical professional when collecting gynecological samples for many screening applications.    We believe that this feature, in addition to the range of tests that can be performed on a SoftKit sample and SoftKit ’s low cost, makes SoftKit particularly attractive for use in large scale public health screening programs.   We are also investigating the use of SoftKit in an internet-based, fee-for-service testing program outside of the United States.   Additional uses, such as providing a simple and rapid means of monitoring patients who have had an abnormal Pap test or who are undergoing treatment for a gynecological cancer, are also being explored.
 
 
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                Breast
 
                Current methods for breast cancer screening primarily comprise manual palpitation of the breast and radiographic methods including classical radiography and mammography.   Regular manual self examination is recommended for all women and periodic breast cancer screening using radiography or mammography is recommended for all women over the age of 40.   These methods, however, are widely recognized as not providing the sensitivity needed in order to detect small early stage lesions and are adversely affected by the presence of high density breast tissue.   The high error rates associated with the use of imaging modalities such as mammography on women having dense breasts (dense breasts being common in women under the age of 40) has led to medical societies and health authorities recommending against the use of these imaging methods when screening a woman under the age of 40 for breast cancer.   Since the early 1990’s it has been known that nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) can be used as a sample in the assessment of a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer and that this method is applicable to the screening of women who have dense breasts.   We are presently developing an instrument for the automated collection of NAF in a convenient and non-invasive manner and assays for the cytological evaluation of these samples.      
 
                Specimen Preparation
 
                Cervical cytology specimens are traditionally prepared as “smears” where the cells on the collecting device are literally wiped or smeared onto a microscope slide.   In the mid-1990s, an alternative method, variously called a “monolayer” or “liquid-based” preparation (“LBP”), was introduced.   In this method, cells are washed off of the collection device into a preservative solution to form a cell suspension.   A portion of this cell suspension is then transferred to a microscope slide.   LBPs presently account for about 80% of the cervical cytology slides prepared in the United States (“U.S.”), but despite the technical benefits of LBPs, only about 20% of the cervical cytology slides in the European Union and much lower percentages in the rest of the world are prepared in this manner.   The primary limitations to greater adoption of LBPs outside of the United States are the high equipment and ancillary supply costs associated with the two predominant LBP methods.
 
                Cell Preservative
 
                We are working with Medite, an international manufacturer and distributor of cytology and histology products, to utilize their cytology preservatives with SoftPAP, SoftKit and NAF cell collection devices as well as with several of our assays. We selected these preservatives for inclusion in our convenience kits due to both the technical performance of these preservatives in our applications; the compatibility of samples collected into these preservatives with automated specimen preparation systems such as those manufactured by Medite; and the ability to manually prepare specimen slides from cells in this preservative.   This last is particularly important in many markets outside of the U.S. where the high equipment and consumables costs incurred when using current automated methods are not affordable or justifiable.   We believe that this methodology provides a cost effective means for laboratories to transition from smears to high quality LBPs.   We intend to introduce convenience kits combining the preservative with our cell collection devices in the European Union to address the demand for LBPs in that part of the world.   We expect that distribution of such kits will then be expanded by region. In parallel and we plan to introduce a cytocentrifuge-based slide preparation system for use in low volume laboratories.    
 
                Stains and Reagents
 
                Once a cytology specimen has been deposited onto a microscope slide, it is stained in order to assist the cytologist in detecting and identifying the various features of the deposited cells that are relevant to determining whether the cells are normal, dysplastic or cancerous.   We are developing several proprietary stains for use in cervical cytology and other screening applications.   These stains are designed for evaluation using our automated slide imaging and analysis system (see below), but some may also be evaluated visually or using a flow cytometer.   A study has been initiated in Germany to validate certain of these stains for use in cervical cytology as well as for use in other cytological assays.  
 
                We are also developing a family of immunocytological assays that combine the measurement of biomolecular markers and cell morphology in a single test.   These assays are intended to detect the presence of specific proteins and other markers that are indicative of the presence of a target disease; allow characterization of abnormal cells in terms of the stage of disease present; or provide an estimate of the risk of disease progression.   These assays are specifically designed to be compatible each other and with our proprietary stains and may be evaluated using our automated slide imaging and analysis system. An added benefit of our proprietary stains is that after the specimen has been evaluated using these stains, it can be counterstained with Pap stain for conventional confirmation and archiving.   Preparations for the clinical evaluation of at least one of these assays by a major cancer institute in Europe are in progress.
 
 
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                Specimen Evaluation
 
                When “reading” a cytology specimen, a cytologist traditionally examines the specimen by eye through a conventional optical microscope to detect, classify, record, mark, and report abnormal cells.   While performing this examination, the cytologist is also referring to the patient’s medical history, assessing specimen adequacy, and capturing a variety of metrics and other information needed for regulatory compliance and operational purposes.   Despite the widespread deployment of computers in the laboratory, many of these operations are still largely paper-based.   Even in laboratories where medical histories are available to the cytologists in electronic form and reports are prepared on a computer, it is not uncommon for the data, and sometimes even draft reports, to be initially captured on paper and then transcribed.  
 
                In 1994 AccuMed, a corporate predecessor to CytoCore, introduced the AcCell ® computer-assisted cytology workstation.   AcCell provided a means to assist the cytologist by automatically capturing the information relevant to screening cytology specimens in electronic form, managing the captured information, and automatically generating the necessary specimen, regulatory and operational reports.   The benefits of this approach were demonstrated in several cytology laboratories where installation of the AcCell system reduced operating costs, eliminated transcription errors, and reduced the time needed to generate a reportable result.  
 
                Workstation
 
                Our Workstation is an updated and improved version of the AcCell Workstation.   Like the AcCell, the Workstation is intended to reduce operating costs and improve operating efficiency in the cytology laboratory.   Among the improvements and new features incorporated in our Workstation are a more efficient user interface, improved data management, workflow management and communications capabilities, and new features such as image capture, audio dictation, a “consult” mode, and support for continuing education and proficiency testing.   In keeping with the AcCell tradition, patented context-sensitive software allows these capabilities to be provided in an unobtrusive manner that permits the cytologist to concentrate on evaluating specimens rather than on operating the instrument.  
 
                We believe that our Workstation hardware also incorporates several major advances over the AcCell, competing “computerized microscope” systems, and conventional cytology microscopes.   “Fly-by-wire” technology, for example, allows the user to switch seamlessly between manual and computer-controlled specimen positioning and focusing and makes possible many of the improvements in system ergonomics.   This is important as it has been documented that the poor ergonomics of conventional cytology microscopes are responsible for causing many cytologists to leave the field due to carpal tunnel syndrome and related medical problems.    Our Workstation is expressly designed to address the root causes of many of these ergonomic problems and is, therefore, expected to improve the retention of trained cytologists, who are in increasingly short supply, by the laboratory.   Unlike the AcCell and other computerized microscopes, our Workstation does not require an external PC for operation.   Instead, all necessary computing power is embedded within the workstation frame.   This provides multiple benefits ranging from eliminating a considerable quantity of equipment from a cytologist’s typically cramped work area to facilitating the periodic equipment validations that laboratories are required to perform.
 
                In addition to use as part of a cytology screening system, our Workstation can also be used in conjunction with the Imager for automated cytological analysis, and in many other applications in which a conventional microscope is used such as pathology and hematology in a clinical laboratory, and applications outside of the clinical laboratory that range from drug discovery and quality control to metallurgy.
 
                Imager
 
                The intent of a medical screening program is to differentiate between patients who show no evidence of the target disease state (“normals”) and those who do (“abnormals”).   Patients who have abnormal screening results are offered follow-up testing to confirm, diagnosis, classify and determine the extent of disease and, where appropriate, determine the appropriate treatment.   Patients who have a normal screening result are not offered these services.   In order to allow scarce medical resources to be focused upon those patients having the greatest need, screening programs are structured to differentiate between normal and abnormal patients as accurately, rapidly, reliably and cost effectively as possible.
 
 
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                Although the evaluation of cervical cytology specimens by automated image analysis can be traced back to the 1940s and a number of capable systems have been developed, the FDA has not to date approved any automated image analysis system to “diagnose”, or classify as normal or abnormal, cervical cytology specimens without human intervention. The FDA has, however, approved several systems including the AccuMed TracCell™ for use in “mapping” or “location-guided screening”.   In these systems, image analysis is used to identify potentially abnormal cells which are then presented to a cytologist for classification.   This approach, which has been shown to reduce the time required to differentiate between normal and abnormal specimens, has been increasingly adopted by high volume laboratories, but is presently too expensive for most laboratories. We believe that our imager will be marketable at a price that will be affordable for most laboratories.
 
                Our Imager is a highly advanced version of the AccuMed TracCell location-guided cytology screening system that has been optimized for use with our proprietary stains and assays.   As these stains and assays are designed to be more effective in highlighting the cellular abnormalities associated with cancer and precancerous conditions than the traditional Pap and thionin stains used in conjunction with other automated cytology screening instruments, our Imager is expected to deliver superior performance when used in cytological screening applications.   Our Imager is intended to work in conjunction with our Workstation , but may also be used in conjunction with a conventional review microscope.   When a specimen slide is evaluated by our Imager , the locations on the slide of any potentially abnormal cells are recorded to a data file.   The slide is then transmitted to a Workstation where the data file guides the workstation to present each of the potentially abnormal cells detected to the cytologist for classification.  
 
                We plan several additional software modules that will expand the capabilities of our Imager .   These modules may include those for the analysis of specimens stained with our new stains, bulk image capture and archiving, generation of time-optimized routing plans to maximize the efficiency of specimen review on our Workstation , and a module that assists the cytologist in evaluating difficult specimens.   We hope that this product family will also be expanded by the addition of application kits consisting of the stains and associated software that are needed for the automated screening of other types of cytology specimens.  
 
                Product Development
 
      Our core product development strategy is to develop the CytoCore Solutions System and its component products, enhance such products, and develop new and innovative diagnostic and screening devices for the early detection of various types of cancer.   To implement this strategy, we have and will continue to utilize internal resources, sponsored and collaborative agreements with medical institutions, strategic partnerships with commercial entities, and licenses and acquisitions of intellectual property.
 
                In the future, we anticipate expanding our portfolio to include other cytological assays and tests, tests for STDs, including HPV, and other markers of vaginal health, and medicinal products related to the treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.   If we obtain significant and timely funding, our CytoCore product pipeline for 2014 calls for the introduction of SoftKit , a collection device for NAF and possibly a novel cytological stain . In 2015, we expect to introduce our Imager and associated Workstation ; the corresponding stains and assayss for the location-guided screening of cervical cancer specimens; and a completely disposable version of SoftPap .    Assays for use in the automated screening for additional conditions such as endometrial and bladder cancer are expected to be introduced beginning in late 2016.
               
Markets and Marketing Objectives
 
Diagnostic Focus
 
Our immediate chief objective is to achieve broad market acceptance of the components of the CytoCore Solutions System as a new screening and diagnostic tool for cervical and breast cancer screening, offering alternatives to the current methods.   According to Centers for Disease Control, there are approximately 73 million Pap tests and 30 million mammograms given in the United States each year. Worldwide, approximately 180 million Pap and 60 million breast cancer screening tests are performed annually.   The potential market for each of these tests amounts to approximately 1.5 to 1.8 billion women. Many studies have shown that between 70 and 80% of a person’s entire healthcare expenditures over their whole life occur in the last four to six months of life.   As a result, more and more attention is being given to the early detection of a disease or condition. Bio-molecular screening, diagnostic, and treatment products consequently are being developed to detect disease states early so they can be dealt with before they become life threatening and expensive to treat.   We are designing and developing its products to satisfy this paradigm shift and focus more on diagnostic methods and tools for early detection.  
 
 
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Point of Care for All Populations
 
We also believe we are well positioned to capitalize on trends affecting the world’s population.   The female population of the world is approximately 3 billion, of which 2 billion falls in the range where reproductive healthcare monitoring is necessary and effective.   This group falls into two sub-groups:   (1) females in the United States and other countries where effective healthcare is available to most (estimated at between 300 and 400 million women), and (2) the remainder of the female world population, where healthcare is limited or non-existent.   We believe our products can address the needs of both groups since the principal requirements for both groups – minimal cost, near point-of-care delivery, ease of use, and reduced reliance on highly-trained and skilled professionals -   are the same.   We are developing our initial products to serve the needs of females in developed nations and economies, but anticipate subsequent deployment of such products to less well-developed countries.
 
                Within both developed and developing economies, there are macro trend drivers that are not specific to female healthcare needs, including:
 
· Increasing life spans, which drive the demand for healthcare services up and increase the emphasis on developing screening tests for the early detection of diseases;
 
· Limited infrastructure and the fact that a significant portion of the world population lives in locations where the infrastructure does not support the classical laboratory-based model of healthcare delivery, thus putting a premium on point-of-care diagnostic testing;
 
· An increasingly mobile population, which has increased the pressure to minimize the time between when a patient is tested and when the test result is available and delivered;
 
· Increasing worldwide shortage of physicians and laboratory professionals who have the skills and training needed to perform and interpret screening and diagnostic tests, increasing the need for tests that can be performed and interpreted by technicians and para-professionals; and
 
· Constrained funds available for healthcare, driving the need to reduce healthcare costs.
 
                These trends are set against the major advances that are occurring in many areas related to healthcare.   These advances range from a better and more nuanced understanding of disease states to the movement of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics out of the research laboratory and into routine medical practice.   These are supported by rapid advances in information, optical and software technology. This combination is making it possible to perform increasing numbers of screening and diagnostic tests at or near the point of care.   We are focused upon utilizing these advances to provide products that address the needs of these worldwide markets.
 
                Sales and Distribution
 
                The SoftPAP has initially been targeted to the premium segment of the cervical cytology sampling market.   This premium segment comprises almost the entire cervical sampling market except for public health programs and research hospitals.   We expect that the SoftPAP will be primarily delivered to these customers through local and regional distributors who specialize in the value-added OB/GYN market.   SoftPAP is presently registered for sale in a number of countries.
 
 
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Our NAF collection instrument will initially be targeted toward general, ObGyn and family medical practices for use as a component of routine physical examinations and toward clinical laboratories in those countries where a significant fraction of the laboratories are controlled by clinical practices.   
 
If funding is obtained SoftKit is expected to be introduced into the European market in 2014 with expansion into the Middle East and Asia in 2015.   The target market varies by country but is generally either selected clinical laboratories or national public health authorities.   It is expected that SoftKit will primarily incorporate one of the Medite preservatives, but other preservatives, which we are presently evaluating, also be made available to accommodate local and regional differences in laboratory practice.     
 
                Our Workstation will be marketed to small and medium-sized hospitals and reference laboratories.   The compact, low cost design of the workstation is intended to facilitate its deployment at or in proximity to the point of care.   Once our Workstation has been successfully established in the laboratory market, our strategy is to form alliances with these laboratories and other medical products distribution companies and utilize their sales forces to broaden sales of the system to other markets, including hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations and office-based physician groups. Our marketing strategy to these organizations will vary depending upon the applicable cancer screening test.
 
Many countries in which healthcare has been partially or fully nationalized utilize a “tender system” in which contracts to supply a specified quantity of a product for a specified period of time are periodically made available for bidding. We are taking the steps necessary to become qualified to bid on tender offers in selected countries.
               
                Government Regulation, Clinical Studies and Regulatory Strategy
 
                The development, manufacture, sale, and distribution of medical devices are subject to extensive governmental regulation worldwide.   In the United States, our products are regulated under the Medical Device Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FD&C Act”) and cannot be sold, shipped or promoted in interstate commerce without prior “clearance” or “approval” by the FDA.   In the European Union (“EU”), medical devices are regulated under the Medical Device, In-Vitro Device and other Directives that require that each product be CE Marked to show that it conforms to all of the requirements of the applicable Directive(s) before it can be imported into or sold in the EU.    
 
                The regulatory systems in other major markets such as China and South America continue to undergo substantial changes and now in many respects resemble the system in the EU.   In particular, the CE Mark is now accepted or required in essentially all significant markets other than the U.S.    In addition to having to obtain the appropriate regulatory approvals, we are also required to register our products with the National Health Authority in any country in which we expect to do business; may have our quality and manufacturing systems inspected and/or audited by representatives of various National Health Authorities; and may have to conform to additional regulations imposed by individual countries.
 
                Under these regulations, we are subject to certain registration, record-keeping and reporting requirements. Our manufacturing facilities and those of our strategic partners, may be obligated to conform to specified quality standards, and are subject to audits and inspections.   We are also subject to national, state and local laws relating to such matters as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices and environmental protection.   Failure to comply with these regulations could have a material adverse effect on our future operations and may impose additional costs and risks.
 
                In the U.S., the FD&C Act generally bars selling, advertising, promoting, or other marketing of medical devices that have not been authorized (approved or cleared) by the FDA. The promotion or sale of medical devices for non-approved or “off-label” uses is prohibited.   The FDA also regulates the design and manufacture of medical devices.   These regulations have been largely, but not completely, harmonized with the ISO quality system standards for medical devices that are used for similar purposes in most other countries.   This incomplete harmonization requires us to maintain two separate, but equal quality systems and increases the cost and complexity of regulatory compliance.   The FDA and the corresponding regulatory agencies in other countries may withdraw product clearances or approvals for failure to comply with these regulatory standards and may impose additional sanctions.  
 
 
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In the US most low to moderate risk medical devices that have legally marketed predicates receive “clearance” to market through a process described in Section 510(k) of the FD&C Act.   In order to receive clearance under this so-called 510(k) process, a product must be shown to be “substantially equivalent” to an appropriate legally marketed “predicate device”.   High risk devices and devices that do not have a predicate require “approval” via a Pre Market Approval (“PMA”) submission in which de-novo demonstration of the safety and efficacy must be established.   Changes to a product, its intended use, and/or its labeling often require the submission of another 510(k) or PMA application.   Obtaining approval to market via the PMA process takes substantially longer and is far more expensive than obtaining clearance to market via the 510(k) notification process.
 
The e 2 Collector, which is the predecessor to the SoftPAP collector, was cleared for marketing by the FDA on May 31, 2002 and the SoftPAP collector received FDA clearance on January 31, 2008.   Although most future Company products are expected to qualify for premarket clearance via the 510(k) process, some future products may require PMA approval.
 
                In 2010, the FDA began a major review of the 510(k) process, which has to date resulted in the announcement of a   number of changes including some that will directly impact our future products.   Additional changes, some of which have the potential to substantially increase the time and cost involved in obtaining marketing clearance via the 510(k) process, are under consideration.  
 
                In the U.S., we are subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including federal and state anti-kickback laws and the federal Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which make it illegal for an entity to solicit, offer, receive or pay remuneration or anything of value in exchange for, or to induce, the referral of business or the purchasing, leasing or ordering of any item or service paid for by Medicare, Medicaid or certain other federal healthcare programs.   These statutes have been broadly defined to prohibit a wide array of practices, and our activities may subject us and our partners to scrutiny under such laws.   Violations may be punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including fines, as well as the exclusion from participation in government-funded healthcare programs.   Laws pertaining to these and related matters also exist in other countries.
 
Each country has historically imposed its own unique regulations on medical products.   In recent years, however, there has been a trend toward the harmonization of these regulations resulting in greater consistency between countries.   This has resulted in a large and growing number of countries (over 70 as of this writing) adopting the CE Mark as a central element of their regulatory process for medical devices.   The U.S. is the only major country that has not adopted the CE Mark.   In order for a product to be CE Marked, the manufacturer must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the regulatory authorities that the product is safe and effective (conforms to the “Essential Requirements” for that class of product) and that it is manufactured in accordance with specified quality standards.   In most countries the CE Mark is a pre-condition for medical device registration and in some places such as the EU, is mandatory in order for a product to be imported into or sold within the country or region.   Failure to comply with the regulations pertaining to CE Marking can result in product seizures and other sanctions.  
 
Although company registration to the ISO 13485 quality system standard is not required for companies selling Class I (lowest risk category) medical devices and products in the EU, such registration is for all practical purposes mandatory for companies selling products in Class II and higher.   All CytoCore products that are presently being sold and a significant portion of those that are in development are currently classified as Class I devices.   However, some of our upcoming products are expected to be in Class II or Class IIa and some changes that are being discussed in the EU may, if they come to pass, result in the reclassification of some of our Class I products into Class II.   In either of these cases we will be required to undergo the expensive and time consuming process of registration to ISO 13485 in order to be able to continue selling our products in many countries outside of the U.S.
 
The SoftPAP collector and the preservative are CE Marked to the Medical Device Directive and the In-Vitro Device Directive, respectively.   As our products are intended to be marketed globally, we expect that all future products will be CE Marked to the applicable Directives and standards.   The CE Mark for a product must be renewed every five years and will generally also require renewal if the requirements imposed by these Directives and standards change.   This renewal increases the cost of regulatory compliance.   In addition, the specific quality system requirements imposed upon a product are determined by the risk category into which the product is assigned by the applicable Directives.   All of our current and planned products are presently considered to be low risk devices and are assigned to Class I which imposes the lowest level of quality system requirements.   If a new Company product falls within or a current is reclassified into a higher risk category, we will be required to register our quality system to ISO 13485 in order to maintain the CE Mark on the affected product(s).   Our quality system presently conforms to the requirements of ISO 13485, but we have not been formally registered to this standard.   Registering a quality system to ISO 13485 and maintaining this registration will substantially increase the costs of regulatory compliance.   
 
 
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The EU is in the process of determining whether the various Directives pertaining to medical devices should be “recast” to bring them into conformance with the recommendations of the Global Harmonization Taskforce (GHTF) and is also studying the possibility of replacing these Directives, which must be transposed into national laws by each country in order to become effective, with EU-wide laws that do not require transposition.   Conversion from the present Directives to corresponding EU laws could be beneficial in that it is expected to eliminate country-specific differences in how the Directives are applied and enforced and therefore facilitate our compliance with the pertinent regulations in the EU.    Harmonization of the current medical device classification system with that recommended by the GHTF may, however, result in some or all of our products being placed in more restrictive categories that could significantly increase our regulatory compliance costs and time to market.
 
Several voluntary coding systems such as GS-1/GTIN, GMDA and EDMA for the identification of medical devices are presently in use in various parts of the world.   The Global Harmonization Taskforce (GHTF), which is comprised of representatives from major medical device regulatory agencies such as the FDA, is in the process of developing a single unified medical device identification system that, when it goes into effect, will be mandatory worldwide.   In late 2013 the FDA and the corresponding regulatory agencies in several other countries issued their final rules for the implementation of such a system.   The EU and many additional countries are expected to issue similar regulations in 2014. We are well positioned to comply with these new regulations as we have both company and product specific GS-1/GTIN codes as well as product specific GMDA and EDMA for our current products and have the mechanisms in place to obtain additional such codes in the future.     The proposed regulations include user fees that will increase our cost of regulatory compliance.
 
We are also required to comply with certain environmental regulations with respect to products that are sold in the EU.   One of these regulations is the Directive on Packaging and Packaging Wastes that: mandates the minimization of packaging; restricts the use of certain packaging materials; and imposes requirements, including possible “take-back” provisions, with respect to the recycling of packaging materials.   All of our current products comply with the requirements of this Directive.   At present, we comply with the recycling portions of this Directive by ensuring that all packaging materials are compatible with recycling programs that are in place in the EU.   However, in the future we may be required to take a more active role in the recycling of certain types of products including possibly “taking back” and recycling laboratory instruments.   Implementing a compliant take-back program will increase our operating and regulatory compliance costs.
 
In the EU electronic products, including clinical laboratory instruments such as the Imager and Workstation, are required to comply with two environmental Directives, one of which requires that the manufacturer “take back” and recycle the electronic portions of these instruments and the other (the so-called RoHS Directive) of which restricts the presence of certain materials in electronic products.   We comply with the RoHS Directive by requiring our suppliers to use only RoHS complaint materials in the construction of our products.   Upon commencement of instrument sales in the EU, if ever, we expect that we will be required to comply with the take-back requirements by contracting with an established electronic waste recycler in the EU.   Such contracts will increase our operating costs.
 
The “REACH” regulation, which requires the registration of all chemical products produced in or imported into the EU is presently in its implementation phase.   The long term impact of this extremely complex multi-level regulation on the Company is unknown at present, but is anticipated to be minimal in the near term as our sales of chemical products (stains, preservative, etc.) are and are expected to continue to be at less than the threshold levels for registration and reporting.   An increase in sales of such products above currently forecast levels and/or a reduction in the applicable thresholds could potentially result in significant costs to us.
 
Data from clinical trials and studies is often required in regulatory submissions and is highly desirable for use in product marketing activities.    In general, at least one trial or study is necessary for each new product and additional studies or trials are needed to support new or modified indications for use and new marketing claims.  
 
 
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Each medical device is required to have an expiration date beyond which it may no longer be used.   This expiration date is generally set very conservatively at the time of product introduction and may then be extended if warranted and supported by “real-time” data.    Since SoftPAP was introduced, we have been collecting product life data from the field and has been conducting internal “stability tests”.   In 2011 we completed a study that demonstrated that the original expiration dating specification for SoftPAP can safely be doubled and suggested that a further extension may be possible.   We intend to continue performing real-time stability studies and extending the expiration dating of our products if supported by data from these studies.   
 
SoftPAP has FDA clearance and is CE Marked for the collection of samples for use in cervical cancer screening.   At the time that these approvals were obtained, the accepted standard of clinical practice was to perform the initial screening by cytology and to use a HPV test to confirm and further classify any abnormal cytological results that were obtained.   Recently several countries, most notably certain countries in the EU, have revised, or have begun revising their accepted practice such that the initial screening is now to be performed using a HPV test with reflex to cytological testing for confirmation and diagnosis of a positive HPV result.     This change in use does not affect the approvals presently held by SoftPAP , but a new clinical study based upon this revision to clinical practice is needed for marketing purposes.   The necessary study protocol has been prepared and discussions with potential clinical sites are in progress.   It is presently anticipated that this study will be undertaken during 2014.   This same study will also provide additional validation data for the use of our preservative with SoftPAP and an independent test of one of the proprietary cytology stains that we are developing.
 
Several additional clinical trials and studies are planned, but will not be initiated until we can obtain sufficient additional financial and operating resources.   These planned studies and trials include a formal clinical trial of SoftKit in conjunction with our preservative for the self-collection of samples for cytology and HPV testing in both the primary and reflex modes; a collaborative study with a major European oncology institute to validate our cancer risk progression assay; and   validation of certain stains and markers for use with the Imager, obtaining additional indications for use for SoftPAP and SoftKit, and field validation of the Workstation.
 
                Cost and Reimbursement
               
                In the U.S., laboratory customers bill most insurers (including Medicare) for screening and diagnostic tests such as the Pap test.   Insurers, such a private healthcare insurance or managed care payers, in addition to Medicare, reimburse for the testing, with a majority of these insurers using the annually-set Medicare reimbursement amounts as a benchmark in setting their reimbursement policies and rates.   Other private payers do not follow the Medicare rates and may reimburse for only a portion of the testing or not at all.   In addition, certain provisions of the Affordable Care Act are expected to significantly affect the reimbursements for many tests and diagnostic procedures.   These changes are expected to be introduced over the next year or two.   Outside of the U.S., healthcare providers and/or facilities are generally reimbursed through numerous payment systems designed by governmental agencies, such as the National Health Service in the United Kingdom, the Servicio Sanitaris Nazionale in Italy and the Spanish National Health System, as well as private insurance companies and managed care programs.   The manner and level of reimbursement will depend on the procedures performed, the final diagnosis, the devices and/or drugs utilized, or any combination of these factors, with coverage and payment levels determined in the payer’s discretion.  
 
Our ability to successfully commercialize the CytoCore Solutions System and future products will depend, in part, on the extent to which coverage and reimbursement for such products will be available from third-party payers in the U.S. such as Medicare, Medicaid, health maintenance organizations and health insurers, and other public and private payers in foreign jurisdictions. The coverage policies and reimbursement levels of these third-party payers may impact the decisions of healthcare providers and facilities regarding which medical products they purchase and the prices they are willing to pay for those products.   In some countries, our ability to commercialize products will also depend upon us becoming a qualified bidder on the tender offers issued by the National Healthcare Authority.   If we succeed in bringing products to the market, we cannot be assured that third-party payers will pay for such products or establish and maintain price levels sufficient for realization of an appropriate return on our investment in product development.   Additionally, we expect many payers to continue to explore cost-containment strategies (e.g., competitive bidding for clinical laboratory services within the Medicare program, so-called “pay-for-performance” programs implemented by various public and private payers, etc.) that could potentially impact coverage and/or payment levels for current or future CytoCore products.  
 
 
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                Competition
 
                Historically, competition in the healthcare industry has been characterized by the search for technological innovations and efforts to market such innovations.   Technological advances have accelerated the pace of change in recent years.   The cost of healthcare delivery has always been a significant factor in markets outside of the United States.   In recent years, the U.S. market has also become much more cost conscious.   We believe technological innovations incorporated into certain of our products offer cost-effective benefits that address this particular market opportunity.
 
                Competitors may introduce new products that compete with ours, or those that we are developing. We believe the portion of our research and development efforts devoted to continued refinement and cost reduction of our products will permit us to remain or become competitive in the markets in which we presently distribute or intend to distribute our products.
 
                The market for our cancer screening and diagnostic product line is significant, but highly competitive.   We are currently not aware of any other company that is duplicating our efforts to develop a fully-automated, objective analysis and diagnostic system for female reproductive-tract cancer screening that can be used at the point of care. Nonetheless, we compete with several large and well-established medical device companies, including companies with financial, marketing, and research and development resources substantially greater than ours. There can be no assurance that our technological innovations will provide us with a competitive advantage.
 
                There are several companies that produce automated and quantitative microscopy instruments. In the past, the market for these instruments has been primarily limited to research applications.   However, as a result of recent advances in the area of molecular diagnostics, we believe the market for such instruments and applications will increase over the next several years. We believe our instruments are the most versatile and cost-effective platforms available in the current market whether as an outright purchase or a fee-for-use application.   
 
                In general, we believe that our products must compete primarily on the basis of clinical performance, accuracy, functionality, quality, product features and effectiveness of the product in standard medical applications. We also believe that cost control and cost effectiveness are additional key factors in achieving or maintaining a competitive advantage.   We focus a significant amount of product development effort on producing systems and tests that will not add to overall healthcare cost.
 
                Specifically, there are several companies whose technologies are similar, adjunctive to, or may overlap with ours.   Of these companies, our primary competitors are Rovers and Wallach in the area of cell collection devices and Cytyc and TriPath Imaging in specimen preparation and the automated morphological screening of these specimens.   We believe that none of these companies offer a complete system comparable to CytoCore Solutions.   In addition, both the Cytyc and TriPath systems are “closed” and are focused exclusively on the cervical cytology market whereas CytoCore offers an “open” system that is intended to address most of the 100+ types cytology tests that are currently performed.   Indirect competitors are largely companies such as Qiagen and Greiner that offer HPV tests for use in cervical cancer screening.   Our sample collection devices are suitable for use with these tests and our cytology products are adjunctive or complementary to them.   Companies such as Ventana and Dako, which specialize in the preparation and evaluation of pathology, as opposed to cytology, specimens could potentially enter market segments of interest to CytoCore at some point in the future.  
 
                Operations
 
                We do not intend to invest capital to develop our own distribution and sales organizations, or to construct and maintain a medical-products manufacturing facility and all its related quality systems requirements. Our strategy is to utilize the operations, quality systems and facilities of contract manufacturers specializing in medical products manufacturing to meet our current and future needs in the United States and abroad.    All of our contract manufacturers and our suppliers of purchased products are FDA ISO 13485 registered and have sufficient capacity to meet our anticipated needs.   We own the tooling, fixtures and other items required for the manufacture of our products.
 
                Intellectual Property
 
                We rely on a combination of patents, licenses, trade names, trademarks, know-how, proprietary technology, trade secrets and policies and procedures to protect our intellectual property. We consider such security and protection a very important aspect of the successful development and marketing of our products in the U.S. and foreign markets.
 
 
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                In the United States, we follow the practice of filing a provisional patent application for an invention as soon as it has been determined that the invention meets the minimum standards for patentability. While a provisional patent application does not provide any formal rights or protections, it does establish an official priority date for the invention that carries over to any utility patent applications that are derived from the provisional application within the next 12 months. A utility patent application begins the process that can culminate in the issuance of one or more U.S. or foreign patents.   We convert each outstanding provisional patent application into some number of utility patent applications within this 12-month period. In most cases each provisional application results in one utility filing.   However, in some cases a single provisional application has generated two independent utility filings or multiple (up to five) provisional applications have been consolidated into a single utility application.   During the examination of a utility application, the examining patent office may require us to divide the application into two or more separate applications or we may file a continuation-in-part patent application that expands upon the technology disclosed in an earlier patent application and which has the potential of superseding or improving upon the disclosure of the earlier application.    For these reasons, estimating the number of patents that are likely to be issued based upon the number of provisional and utility applications filed is difficult.
 
                Prior to filing a utility application in the U.S., we review the application to determine whether obtaining patent coverage for the invention outside of the United States is necessary or desirable to support our business model.   If so, a utility patent application is filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”).   Depending upon the nature of the invention and business considerations, we typically nationalize PCT applications in some number of countries, the number depending upon anticipated market size and the locations of potential competitors.
 
                As of December 2013, we had filed 12 U.S. utility patent applications. Three of the U.S. utility applications have been issued as U.S. patents, two are pending, and seven have been abandoned as no longer being appropriate to our business. One Chinese patent had been issued and one European case has been abandoned.   One U.S. and five foreign patent applications are filed and pending; in order to reduce the expenses related to patent prosecution, we are currently taking only those actions needed to keep them in effect.   This group of patents and patent applications covers all aspects of the CytoCore Solutions System including, but not limited to, the point of service instrument, the personal and physicians’ collectors, and the slide-based test.   We anticipate filing at least one PCT application during 2014 subject to obtaining funding.   As a result of the acquisition of AccuMed, we acquired 33 issued U.S. patents, one U.S. patent application, and nine foreign patents, of which a combined total of 17 were transferred to a third party under a license agreement. Twenty-four additional foreign patent applications primarily covering the AcCell and AcCell Savant technology and related software were also acquired.   We have recovered the 17 AcCell-related patents and patent applications from the third party. Two of the patients expire in late 2014 and early 2015. We do not consider these patients as relevant to our present business. The remaining patents expire between 2016 and 2020.
 
                We intend to prepare additional patent applications for processes and inventions arising from our research and development process.   The protections provided by a patent are determined by the claims that are allowed by the patent office that is processing the application.   During the patent prosecution process it is not unusual for the claims made in the initial application to be modified or deleted or for new claims to be added to the application.   For this reason, it is not possible to know the exact extent of protection provided by a patent until it issues.   Recent changes in US patent law, particularly conversion to a “first to file” system and introduction of a challenge period after a patent is granted may influence our IP strategy, especially as related to the filing of provisional applications.   Several recent court decisions are also expected to influence these decisions.
 
                Patent applications filed prior to November 29, 2000 in the U.S. are maintained in secrecy until any resulting patents have issued.   As there have been examples of U.S. patent applications that have remained “in prosecution” and, therefore, secret for decades, it is not possible to know with certainty that any U.S. patent that we may own, file for or have issued to us will not be pre-empted or impaired by patents filed before ours and that subsequently are issued to others.   Utility patent applications filed in the United States after November 29, 2000 are published 18 months after the earliest applicable filing date.    This revised standard reduces the chances that such a “submarine” patent will impair our intellectual property portfolio. Foreign patent applications are automatically published 18 months after filing.   As the time required to prosecute a foreign utility patent application generally exceeds 18 months and the foreign patents use a “first to file” rather than a “first to invent” standard, we do not consider submarine patents to be a significant consideration in our patent protection outside of the United States.
 
 
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                Our products are or may be sold worldwide under trademarks that we consider to be important to our business.   We own the trademarks SoftPAP ® , CytoCore ® , and CytoCore Solutions ® .   We may file additional U.S. and foreign trademark applications in the future.  
 
                Our future technology acquisition efforts will be focused toward those technologies that have strong patent or trade secret protection.
 
                We cannot be sure that patents or trademarks issued or which may be issued in the future will provide us with any significant competitive advantages.   We cannot be sure any of our patent applications will be granted or that their validity or enforceability will not be successfully challenged.   The cost of any patent-related litigation could be substantial even if we were to prevail.   In addition, we cannot be sure that someone will not independently develop similar technologies or products, duplicate our technology or design around the patented aspects of our products.   The protection provided by patents depends upon a variety of factors, which may severely limit the value of the patent protection, particularly in foreign countries. We intend to protect much of our core technology as trade secrets, either because patent protection is not possible or, in our opinion, would be less effective than maintaining secrecy.   However, we cannot be sure that our efforts to maintain secrecy will be successful or that third parties will not be able to develop the technology independently.
 
                Research and Development Expenditures
 
                Our research and development efforts are focused on introducing new products as well as enhancing our existing product line.   We utilize both in-house and contracted research and development personnel, including in collaboration with universities, medical centers and other entities. All of our research and development activities are presently conducted in the United States.  
 
                We believe research and development is critical to the success of our business strategy.   Our research work in the area of chemical and biological components is expected to continue for the foreseeable future as we seek to refine the current process and add additional capabilities to our analysis procedure, including the detection of other forms of cancer and precursors to cancer.
 
                We anticipate the need to invest a substantial amount of capital in the research and development process, including the cost of clinical trials, required to complete the development and use of the CytoCore Solutions System and bring it to market.
 
                Components and Raw Materials
 
                Low-cost products are a key component of our business strategy. We designed the SoftPAP collection device using widely available and inexpensive silicone and plastic materials.   These materials are available from numerous sources and can be fabricated into finished devices by a variety of worldwide manufacturers based on our proprietary designs.    
 
                The instrument components of the laboratory version of the CytoCore Solutions System are also available from a number of sources. Computers, cameras, automated slide-staining instruments and automated slide-preparation instruments are currently available from several large manufacturers.  
               
                Due to certain regulatory requirements regarding the supply and manufacture of certain products, we may not be able to establish additional or replacement sources for certain components or materials.   In the event we are unable to obtain sufficient quantities of raw materials or components on commercially reasonable terms or in a timely manner, we would not be able to manufacture our products on a timely and cost-competitive basis, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.  
                               
                Working Capital Practices
 
                We have financed our U.S. operations and research and development efforts by raising funds through borrowing and the sale of equity securities.   We will continue to use these methods to fund our operations until such time as we are able to generate adequate revenues and profits from the sale of some or all of our products.
 
 
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                We believe that future sales of the CytoCore Solutions System or other products into foreign markets may result in collection periods that may be longer than those expected for domestic sales of these products.   Our strategy will be to use down payments, letters of credit or other secured forms of payment, whenever possible, in sales of products in foreign markets.
 
                Employees
 
                As of March 27, 2013, we employed a total of five full-time and one part-time employee.   None of our employees are members of a labor union.   We also utilize independent consultants in the United States on an as-needed basis.  
 

Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales

 
                Markets outside of North America are an important factor in our business strategy.   Any business that operates on a worldwide basis and conducts its business in one or more local currencies is subject to the risk of fluctuations in the value of those currencies against the dollar, as well as foreign economic conditions.   Such businesses are also subject to changing political climates, differences in culture and the local practices of doing business, as well as North American and foreign government actions such as export and import rules, tariffs, duties, embargoes and trade sanctions.   We do not regard these risks, however, as a significant deterrent to our strategy to introduce our CytoCore Solutions System to foreign markets in the future.     As we begin to market and sell our CytoCore Solutions System, we will closely review our foreign operational practices.   We will attempt to adopt strategies to minimize the risks of changing economic and political conditions within foreign countries.
 
                During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, we did not have any foreign operations.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors  

 
      You should carefully consider the following risk factors that affect our business.   Such risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those that are expressed or implied by forward-looking statements contained herein. Some of the risks described relate principally to our business and the industry in which we operate. Others relate principally to the securities market and ownership of our capital stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks are described elsewhere in this report under the Item 1 – Business, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings, and Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation sections, among others. Other risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may become important factors that affect us. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks, and the trading price of our common stock could decline.   The discussion of our risk factors should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included herein.   
 
Risks Related to Our Business
 
We have a history of operating losses and there is no guarantee of future profitability .
                 
Our expenses have exceeded our revenues since our inception, and our accumulated deficit at December 31, 2013 was approximately $102,800,000.   We have sold only a very limited amount of our CytoCore Solutions System products to date and cannot be certain as to when, if ever, sales of our products might occur.   Our future not withstanding the acquistion of Medite depends on obtaining new funding. As a result in connection with the acquisition of Medite, we are in process of completing our private placement for $2.5 million. The initial closing resulted in gross cash proceeds to us of $1.529 million. Additional funding for working capital may be necessary to support future sales growth and development of new products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure necessary funds.   
 
 
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We currently depend on the sale of a single product and product line.
 
We have sold only a very limited amount of our CytoCore Solutions System products to date and cannot be certain as to when, if ever, sales of our products might occur.   We did not ship any product in 2013. In the foreseeable future, we expect to derive most of our revenues from the sale of the SoftPAP cell collection device, and the other components of the CytoCore Solutions System.   Our net sales and earnings will, therefore, be heavily dependent on the sale of these products.   If we are unable to successfully develop and commercialize such products as well as other new or improved products, our business, sales and profits will be materially impaired.  
 
Our future success will depend on our ability to develop new products and respond to technological changes in the markets in which we compete.
 
Our long-term ability to generate product-related revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to identify products and product candidates that may utilize the different components of the CytoCore Solutions System, including our drug delivery system and slide-based tests. If internal efforts do not generate sufficient product candidates, we will need to identify third parties that wish to collaborate with us to develop new products and applications.   Our ability to successfully pursue third-party relationships will depend in part on our ability to negotiate acceptable license and related agreements.   Even if we are successful in establishing collaborative arrangements, they may never result in the successful development or commercialization of any product candidate or the generation of any sales or royalty revenues.
 
In addition, the markets for our products and services are characterized by rapid technological developments and innovations.   Our success will depend in large part on our ability to correctly identify emerging trends, enhance capabilities, and develop and manufacture new products quickly, in a cost-effective manner, and at competitive prices. The development of new and enhanced products is a complex and costly process. We may need to make substantial capital expenditures and incur significant research and development costs to develop and introduce such new products and enhancements.   Our choices for developing products may prove incorrect if customers do not adopt the products we develop or if the products ultimately prove to be medically or commercially unviable.   Development schedules also may be adversely affected as the result of the discovery of performance problems.   If we fail to timely develop and introduce competitive new products, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
 
Our products are subject to government regulation and they may not receive necessary government approvals.
 
                The development, manufacture, sale and use of our products in the U.S. is subject to extensive regulation, by the FDA as well as other governmental agencies at both the federal and state level. We must meet significant FDA requirements before we receive clearance to market our products.   Included in these FDA requirements may be the performance of lengthy and expensive clinical trials to prove the safety and efficacy of the products.   We have limited experience in conducting and maintaining the preclinical and clinical trials necessary for regulatory approval, and face the risk that results in later trials may be inconsistent with results from earlier trials.   A number of companies have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after promising early trial results.  
 
 
17

 
                Delays in receiving governmental approvals can be costly in terms of lost sales opportunities and increased clinical trial costs.   The speed with which we complete such trials and receive approval will depend on several factors, many of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to, the rate of patient enrollment and retention, negative tests results, analysis of data obtained from testing activities and changes in regulatory policies.   The FDA is in the early stages of a system level review that is widely expected to result in significant changes in the way that medical devices are regulated in the United States.   Similarly, the European Union is in the later stages of revising the directives that apply to the regulation of medical devices in the EU, and other countries, particularly in Asia, are undertaking similar efforts.  
 
In 2008, we successfully completed a clinical trial for the SoftPAP collector and received both FDA clearance and a CE Mark to market this device in the United States and the European Union.   Future products will require additional clinical trials and filings for regulatory approval to market in the United States, European Union, and other jurisdictions.   We cannot be certain that the results of these future trials will result in regulatory approval to market these products, or that approval, if granted, will not be limited to specific indications for use or product claims.   Obtaining regulatory approval is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain, and is expected to become even more so as a consequence of legislative and regulatory changes and initiatives that have recently been initiated in the United States, European Union and other jurisdictions.
               
Sales of medical devices and diagnostic tests outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that vary from country to country. The time required to obtain regulatory clearance in a foreign country may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA marketing clearance.   Export sales of certain devices that have not received FDA marketing clearance may be subject to regulations and permits, which may restrict our ability to export the products to foreign markets. If we are unable to obtain FDA clearance for our products, we may need to seek foreign manufacturing agreements to be able to produce and deliver our products to foreign markets. We cannot be certain that we will be able to secure such foreign manufacturing agreements on acceptable terms, if at all.
 
Once a product gains regulatory approval, whether in the United States or abroad, the product remains subject to regulatory requirements, including adverse event reporting.   Failure to comply with post-approval requirements can, among other things, result in warning letters, recalls, fines, injunctions and suspensions or revocations of marketing licenses.   Any enforcement action, even if unsuccessful, would be time-consuming, expensive, and potentially damaging to our reputation.
 
Finally, we may be restricted or prohibited from marketing or manufacturing a product, even after obtaining product approval, if any unknown problems arise with respect to the product, its use or manufacture.   With the widespread use of any product or device, serious adverse events may occur.   Any safety issues could cause us to suspend or cease marketing our approved products, possibly subject us to substantial liabilities, and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues.
 
Changes in third-party reimbursement may negatively affect us.
 
Widespread adoption and commercial acceptance of our SoftPAP device and the CytoCore Solutions System in the United States and other countries is, in part, dependent upon the ability of healthcare providers and laboratories to secure adequate reimbursement from third-party payers such as private insurance plans, managed care organizations, Medicare and Medicaid, and foreign governmental healthcare agencies.   We cannot guarantee that third parties will add our products to the coverage and that reimbursement will in fact be provided, that it will continue to be available, or that reimbursement levels will be adequate to enable healthcare providers and laboratories in the United States and other countries to use our products instead of conventional methods or existing therapies.
 
Reimbursement and healthcare payment systems in international markets vary significantly by country and include both government-sponsored healthcare and private insurance. There can be no assurance that foreign third-party payers will provide or continue to provide coverage, which third-party reimbursement will be made available at adequate levels, if at all, for our products under any such foreign reimbursement system or that healthcare providers or clinical laboratories will use our products in lieu of other methods. We also will be required to secure adequate reimbursement for any new products we develop or acquire, and we may not be able to do so successfully.
 
 
18

 
Healthcare policy changes, including recently passed healthcare reform legislation, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Political, economic and regulatory influences are subjecting the healthcare industry to potential fundamental changes that could substantially affect our results of operations. Government and private sector initiatives to limit the growth of healthcare costs, including price regulation, competitive pricing, coverage and payment policies, comparative effectiveness of therapies, technology assessments and alternative payment models, are continuing in many countries where we do business, including the U.S. These changes are causing the marketplace to put increased emphasis on the delivery of more cost-effective treatments. Our strategic initiatives include measures to address this trend; however, there can be no assurance that any of our strategic measures will successfully address this trend.
 
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 were enacted into law in the U.S. in March 2010. As a U.S. headquartered company, this healthcare reform law will materially impact us. Certain provisions of the law will not be effective until 2014 and 2015 and there are many programs and requirements for which the details have not yet been fully established or consequences not fully understood. However, on June 28, 2012, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law's mandate requiring individuals to purchase health insurance but rejected specific provisions that would have penalized states that did not expand their current Medicaid programs. As a result of this ruling and other factors, we expect implementation of most of the major provisions of the law to continue. As currently enacted, the law imposes on medical device manufacturers a 2.3 percent excise tax on U.S. sales of Class I, II and III medical devices beginning in 2013. U.S. net sales represented approximately 50 percent of our worldwide net sales in 2012 and, therefore, this tax burden may have a material, negative impact on our results of operations and our cash flows. Other provisions of this law as currently enacted, including comparative effectiveness research, an independent payment advisory board, and pilot programs to evaluate alternative payment methodologies, could meaningfully change the way healthcare is developed and delivered, and may adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, we cannot predict what healthcare programs and regulations will be ultimately implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect of any future legislation or regulation in the U.S. or internationally. However, any changes that lower reimbursements for our products, reduce medical procedure volumes or increase cost containment pressures on us or other participants in the healthcare industry could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 
Our international operations will expose us to additional risks.
 
We expect that international sales will account for a significant portion of our future revenues in and believe international sales are a key element to our future success.   As a result, we may be subject to the risks of doing business internationally, including:
 
· imposition of tariffs or embargoes;
· trade barriers and disputes;
· regulations related to customs and export/import matters;
· fluctuations in foreign economies and currency exchange rates;
· longer payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
· the complexity and necessity of using foreign representatives and consultants;
· tax uncertainties and unanticipated tax costs due to foreign taxing regimes;
· the difficulty of managing and operating an enterprise spanning several countries, including difficulties in maintaining effective communications with employees and customers due to distance, language and cultural barriers;
· the uncertainty of protection for intellectual property rights and differing legal systems generally;
· compliance with a variety of laws; and
· economic and geopolitical developments and conditions, including international hostilities, armed conflicts, acts of terrorism and governmental reactions, inflation, trade relationships and military and political alliances.
 
 
19

 
The integration of Medite into our Company following the closing of the acquisition may present challenges and impair our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.
 
We may face significant challenges in combining Medite’s operations into our operations in a timely manner. The failure to successfully integrate Medite into our company and to successfully manage the challenges presented by the integration process may result in us not achieving the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of Medite including operation and financial synergies of the acquisition which may have the effect of depressing the market price of our common stock.
 
We may not be able to compete with companies that are larger and have more resources.  
 
                We compete in the highly competitive medical device and diagnostics marketplace and have several U.S. and foreign competitors, both publicly-traded and privately-held.   Most of these companies have substantially greater financial, technical and research and development resources, established sales and marketing organizations and distribution networks, greater name recognition and longer-standing relationships with customers.   Competitors with greater financial resources can be more aggressive in marketing campaigns, can survive sustained price reductions in order to gain market share, and can devote greater resources to support existing products and develop new products. Any period of sustained price reductions for our products would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. We may not be able to compete successfully in the future and competitive pressures may result in price reductions, loss of market share or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
It is also possible that competing products will emerge that may be superior in quality, effectiveness and performance and/or less expensive than our products, or that similar technologies may render our products obsolete or uncompetitive and prevent us from achieving or sustaining profitable operations.   In addition, many of our competitors have significantly greater experience in conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials of products and obtaining regulatory approvals to market such products. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining FDA approval for products more rapidly, which may give them an advantage in achieving market acceptance of their products.
 
We may not be able to market our products.
 
                Our success and growth depend on the market acceptance of the SoftPAP collection device and the CytoCore Solutions System.   We do not intend to maintain a direct sales force to market and sell our products. Therefore, in order to successfully market and sell our products, we must be able to negotiate profitable distribution, marketing and sales agreements with organizations that have direct sales forces calling on domestic and foreign market participants that may use our products.   We would not have the ability to control any such third party distributors and such third parties may focus resources on other products that generate larger fees or commissions for them.   If we are not able to negotiate such agreements on terms acceptable to us, if at all, we may be forced to market our products through our own sales force. We cannot be certain that we will be successful in developing and training such a sales force, should one be required, or that we will have the financial resources to carry out such development and training.
 
The accuracy, performance and cost of our products are critical to our business and reputation.
 
As noted above, we are dependent on the sale of the SoftPAP collection device and the CytoCore Solutions System.   Due in part to increased competitive pressures in the healthcare industry to reduce costs, our ability to gain market acceptance of our products will depend, among other things, on our ability to keep product costs low and/or demonstrate that any increased cost of using our products is offset by the increased accuracy and performance achieved by using them.   In particular, we need to convince healthcare providers, insurance companies and other third-party payers, as well as clinical laboratories, of the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of our products.
 
Occasionally, some of our products may have quality issues resulting from the design or manufacture of the product or, in the case of the platform, the hardware and software used in the product.   Often these issues can be discovered prior to shipment and may result in shipping delays or even cancellation of orders by customers. Other times problems could be discovered after the products have shipped, which would require us to resolve issues in a manner that is timely and least disruptive to our customers. Such pre-shipment and post-shipment problems would have ramifications for us, including cancellation of orders, product returns, increased costs associated with product repair or replacement, and a negative impact on our goodwill and reputation.
 
 
20

 
We may be subject to product liability actions.
 
In addition, the sale and use of our products entail a risk of product failure, product liability or other claims.   Coverage is becoming increasingly expensive, and we may not be able to obtain adequate coverage at an acceptable cost in the future.   Any product liability claims and related litigation would likely be time-consuming and expensive, may not be adequately covered by our insurance coverage, and may delay or terminate research and development efforts, regulatory approvals and commercialization activities.
 
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property.
 
Our success in large part depends on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies, trade secrets and other proprietary information.   To protect our intellectual property and proprietary information, we rely primarily on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as internal procedures and contractual provisions.   We hold a variety of patents and trademarks and have applied for a number of additional patents and trademarks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and foreign patent authorities. We intend to file additional patent and trademark applications as dictated by our research and development projects and business interests.   We cannot be certain that any of the currently pending patent or trademark applications, or any of those which may be filed in the future, will be granted or that they will provide any meaningful protection for our products or technologies or any competitive advantage.   In order to provide protection, patents and trademarks must be enforced, which is costly and time-consuming, and trade secret and copyright laws afford only limited protection.   In addition, the laws and enforcement mechanisms of some foreign countries may not offer the same level of protection as do the laws of the United States. Legal protections of our rights may be ineffective in such countries, and technologies developed in such countries may not be protected in jurisdictions where protection is ordinarily available.   Our inability to protect our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
                We protect much of our core technology as trade secrets because our management believes that patent protection would not be possible or would be less effective than maintaining secrecy, and we have in place certain internal procedures and contractual provisions designed to maintain such secrecy. Despite our efforts to safeguard and maintain our proprietary rights, we may not be successful in doing so.   The steps taken by us may be inadequate to deter unauthorized parties from misappropriating our technologies or prevent them from obtaining and using our proprietary information, products and technologies. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies or design around patents issued to us.
 
If we fail to protect, defend and maintain the intellectual property rights associated with our products or if we are subject to a third-party claim of infringement, the competitive position of our products could be impaired. We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing third-party patents or other proprietary rights, yet there can be no assurance that such licenses would be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain required third-party licenses, we may be delayed in or prohibited from developing, manufacturing or selling products that require such licenses. In addition, infringement, interference and other intellectual property claims and proceedings, with or without merit, are expensive and time-consuming to litigate, divert resources, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
 
We may not be able to maintain effective product distribution channels.
 
We currently rely primarily on third-party distributors for the sale and distribution of our products.   Our relationships with these distributors, therefore, must remain positive.   We have a limited a history of working with these companies and have only limited control over their performance.   We cannot predict the success of these relationships or the efforts of these companies in marketing the SoftPAP and our other products.   Our sales and marketing efforts, including those of our distributors, may not be sufficient to successfully compete against more extensive and well-funded operations of certain of our competitors.   Only two of our existing distributors purchased any product from us in 2013 and 2012. There were no sales in 2011. In addition, we must manage sales and marketing personnel in numerous countries around the world with the concomitant difficulties in maintaining effective communications due to distance, language and cultural barriers.
 
 
21

 
A significant portion of our revenues are attributable to the sale of products on behalf of a third-party.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2013, approximately 42% of our revenues were attributable to the sale by us on behalf of another company of a cell collection device used for detecting breast cancer. Any interruptions in our ability to sell these products, including manufacturing delays or regulatory hurdles, or the elimination of the product in the marketplace or the termination of our licensing arrangement, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
 
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate and our future revenues and profitability are uncertain.
 
We anticipate substantial fluctuations in our future operating results.   A number of factors contribute to such fluctuations, including but not limited to:
 
· introduction and market acceptance of new products and product enhancements by both us and our competitors;
· timing and execution of distribution and sale contracts;
· competitive conditions in the medical device and diagnostic markets;
· product development, sales and marketing expenses;
· third-party reimbursement levels; and
· changes in general economic conditions.
 
The loss of existing key management and technical personnel or the inability to attract new hires could have a detrimental effect on us .
 
Our success depends on identifying, hiring, training, and retaining qualified professionals. Competition for qualified employees in our industry is intense and we expect this to remain so for the foreseeable future.   Currently, our limited resources make it difficult for us to competitively compensate our current employees and potential employee candidates.   If we were unable to attract and hire a sufficient number of employees, or if a significant number of our current employees or any of our senior managers resign, we may be unable to complete or maintain existing projects or develop and implement new projects of similar scope and revenue.   Our success is particularly dependent on the retention of existing management and technical personnel, including Robert F. McCullough, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and Richard A. Domanik, Ph.D., our Chief Operating Officer.   We do not have an employment with either of our executive officers and do no maintain a key man life insurance policy on any of our executive officers.   The loss or unavailability of the services of these executives could impede our ability to effectively manage our operations.
 
We may need to expand our operations and we may not effectively manage any future growth.
 
As of December 31, 2013, we employed five full-time persons and one part time person. In the event our products and services obtain greater market acceptance, we may be required to expand our management team and hire and train additional technical and skilled personnel.   We may need to scale up our operations in order to service our customers, which may strain our resources, and we may be unable to manage our growth effectively. If our systems, procedures, and controls are inadequate to support our operations, growth could be delayed or halted, and we could lose our opportunity to gain significant market share.   In order to achieve and manage growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our operational and financial management capabilities. Any inability to manage growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
 
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
 
Trading in our common stock has been limited, there is no significant trading market for our common stock, and purchasers of our common stock may be unable to sell their shares.
 
Our common stock is currently eligible for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board (the “OTCBB”), however trading to date has been limited.  If activity in the market for shares of our common stock does not increase, purchasers of our shares may find it difficult to sell their shares.  We currently do not meet the initial listing criteria for any registered securities exchange.  The OTCBB is a less recognized market than the foregoing exchanges and is often characterized by low trading volume and significant price fluctuations.  These and other factors may further impair our stockholders’ ability to sell their shares when they want to and/or could depress our stock price. As a result, stockholders may find it difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities because smaller quantities of shares could be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed and security analyst and news coverage of our Company may be limited.  These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our shares of common stock.
 
 
22

 
The historically volatile market price of our common stock may affect the value of our stockholders’ investments.
 
              The market price of our common stock has in the past been highly volatile.   In fiscal years 2013 and 2012, the price of our common stock traded in a range of $0.01 to $0.06 per share.   This volatility is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.   Factors affecting potential volatility include:
 
· announcements of new products or technology by us or our competitors;
 
· announcements of the FDA relating to products and product approvals;
 
· announcements of private or public sales of securities;
 
· ability to finance our operations;
 
· announcements of mergers, acquisitions, licenses and strategic agreements;
 
· fluctuations in operating results;   and
 
· general economic and other external market factors.
 
In addition, the occurrence of any of the risks described in this Risk Factors section could have a material adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
 
We have never been paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
 
                We have never declared or paid a cash dividend or distribution on our common stock and we do not anticipate doing so for the foreseeable future.   Our ability to declare dividends on our common stock is further limited by the terms of certain of our other securities, including several series of our preferred stock. We intend to reinvest any funds that might otherwise be available for the payment of dividends in the further development of our business.   Accordingly, investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares.
 
There are currently outstanding a substantial number of securities convertible into shares of our common stock and we intend to raise additional funds in the future through issuances of shares of common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock, which will be dilutive to existing stockholders or impose operational restrictions.
 
                We are authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2013, we had: 47,250 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock outstanding, which convert into approximately 2,064 shares of our common stock; 93,750 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock outstanding, which convert into approximately 37,500 shares of our common stock; 38,333 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock outstanding, which convert into approximately 19,167 shares of our common stock; 175,000 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock outstanding, which convert into approximately 175,000 shares of our common stock; and 19,022 shares of Series E convertible preferred stock outstanding, which convert into approximately 52,311 shares of our common stock. There are cumulative dividends due on the Series B, Series C, Series D, and Series E convertible preferred stock, which may be paid in kind in shares of our common stock. Our Certificate of Incorporation permits our Board of Directors to issue the remaining 5,143,137 undesignated shares of preferred stock with such voting rights, if any, designations, rights, preferences and limitations as the Board may determine.   At December 31, 2013, we had outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate 39,000 shares of our common stock.   The issuance of shares of our common stock upon the conversion of our preferred stock, or upon exercise of outstanding warrants, would cause dilution of existing stockholders’ percentage ownership of the Company.   In addition, in connection with our acquisition of Medite, we issued 1.469 billion shares of our common stock to the stockholders of Medite. Holders of our preferred and common stocks do not have preemptive rights, meaning that current stockholders do not have the right to purchase any new shares in order to maintain their proportionate ownership in the Company. Such stock issuances and the resulting dilution could also adversely affect the price of our common stock.  
 
 
23

 
In addition, we intend to raise additional capital in the future to fund our operations through sales of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock, as well as issuances of debt.  Such additional financing will be dilutive to our stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants which may limit our operating flexibility.  If additional capital is raised through the issuances of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock, the percentage ownership of existing stockholders will be reduced.  These stockholders may experience additional dilution in net book value per share and any additional equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock.
 
Applicable SEC rules governing the trading of “penny stocks” may limit the trading and liquidity of our common stock which may affect the trading price of our common stock.
 
Our common stock is a “penny stock” as defined under Rule 3a51-1 of the Exchange Act, and is, therefore, subject to SEC rules and regulations that impose limitations upon the manner in which our common stock can be publicly traded.   Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a per share price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on some national securities exchanges). The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market maker, the broker-dealer must disclose this fact and the broker-dealer’s presumed control over the market, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account.  In addition, broker-dealers who sell these securities to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors” must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction.  Consequently, these requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, of our common stock and reducing the liquidity of an investment in our common stock.
 
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law may make a contested takeover of us more difficult.
 
                Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware ("DGCL") could deter a change in our management or render more difficult an attempt to obtain control of us, even if such a proposal is favored by a majority of our stockholders. For example, we are subject to the provisions of the DGCL that prohibit a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting shares (an "interested stockholder") for three years after the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner.  Our certificate of incorporation also includes undesignated preferred stock, which may enable our board of directors to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a tender offer, proxy contest, merger or otherwise. Finally, w e are currently authorized to issue 2 billion shares of common stock. Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue a significant number of shares of our common stock without further stockholder approval.   Each of the foregoing may have an anti-takeover effect of delaying or preventing a change of control which may be beneficial to our stockholders.
 
Item 2.
Properties
 
                We occupy approximately 1,840 square feet of leased space at 414 N. Orleans St., Suite 503, Chicago, Illinois 60654, under a Three-year lease that expires in October 2016. This space houses our executive offices, research laboratory, and engineering development facilities. We consider our facilities to be well utilized, well maintained, and in good operating condition. Further, we consider the facilities to be suitable for their intended purposes and to have capacities adequate to meet current and projected needs for our operations.  
 
 
24

 
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings  
 
None
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures .
 
Not Applicable.

 

PART II

 
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Market Information
 
                Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “CYOE”. The following table lists the high and low bid information for our common stock for the periods indicated, as reported on the OTCBB. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, may not include retail mark-ups, mark-downs, or commissions, and may not reflect actual transactions.
 
 
 
 
High
 
 
Low
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1st Quarter
 
$
0.03
 
$
0.01
 
2nd Quarter
 
$
0.02
 
$
0.01
 
3rd Quarter
 
$
0.02
 
$
0.01
 
4th Quarter
 
$
0.02
 
$
0.01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1st Quarter
 
$
0.02
 
$
0.01
 
2nd Quarter
 
$
0.02
 
$
0.01
 
3rd Quarter
 
$
0.02
 
$
0.01
 
4th Quarter
 
$
0.06
 
$
0.02
 
 
Holders
 
                As of April 8, 2014, we had approximately 413 record holders of shares of our common stock.
 
Dividends
 
                We have not paid a cash dividend on shares of our common stock, and our Board of Directors is not contemplating paying dividends at any time in the foreseeable future.   The terms of certain of our securities, including our Series B, C, D and E preferred stock, prohibit us from declaring any dividends on our common stock (or any other stock junior to such security) except for dividends payable in shares of stock of the Company of any class junior to such security, or redeem or purchase or permit any subsidiary to purchase any shares of common stock or such junior stock, or make any distributions of cash or property among the holders of the common stock or any junior stock by the reduction of capital stock or otherwise, if any dividends on the security are then in arrears.
 
                We have a contingent obligation to pay cumulative dividends on various series of our convertible preferred stock in the aggregate amount of approximately $ 1,763,395 at December 31, 2013, which we intend to pay through the issuance of shares of our common stock, if and when the holders of the preferred shares elect to convert their shares into common stock.
 
 
25

 
Stock Transfer Agent
 
                Our stock transfer agent is Computershare Shareowner Services, 199 Water Street, 26 th Floor, New York, New York, 10038 and its telephone number is (212) 805-7100.
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities  
 
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to qualified investors for $300,000, or $0.02 per share .
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued to two of the Company’s directors, Mauro Scimia (“Scimia”) and Xavier Carbonell (“Carbonell”), 902,764 and 1,805,528 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, respectively, for consulting services rendered, and the Company recorded a charge of $52,500, or $0.02 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
                The Company during the year ended December 31, 2013, also issued 2,346,148 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to a consultant for services rendered, and recorded $36,000 as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
                During the year ended December, 2013, Robert McCullough, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, converted $3,250,000 of debt owed to him into 162,500,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock at a price of $0.02 per share. As a result of this transaction, Mr. McCullough beneficially owns 167,690,706 shares of common stock which is 61.99% of our outstanding common stock.
 
                In addition, the Company issued to two current independent directors, Alexander Milley and Dr. John Abeles, an aggregate 7,500,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, respectively, for past directors fees totaling $150,000, or $0.02 per share. Also, the Company recorded the payment of $50,000 for services rendered to a former director in the form of 2,500,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock valued at $0.02 per share. These shares have not yet been issued.
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued to Augusto Ocana (“Ocana”), a director and vice president of the Company, 1,805,528 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, for services rendered. The Company recorded a charge of $35,000, or $0.02 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
               
We issued the foregoing securities in reliance on the safe harbor and exemptions from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for sales to a limited number of accredited investors, employees, service providers, or creditors with whom we had prior relationships, without engaging in any general solicitation, and without payment of underwriter discounts or commissions to any person.
 
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
 
None.
 
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Overview
 
                We are developing an integrated family of cost-effective products for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer under the trade name of CytoCore Solutions .   CytoCore Solutions products are intended to address sample collection, specimen preparation, specimen evaluation (including detection/screening and diagnosis), treatment and patient monitoring within vertical markets related to specific cancers.   Current CytoCore Solutions products are focused upon cervical cancer.   We plan that this focus will later be expanded to include other gynecological cancers as well as bladder, lung, and breast cancers, among others.   Within each of these markets, we anticipate that the CytoCore Solutions products will be sold as individual value-added drop-in replacements for existing products and as integrated systems that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical and laboratory operations.  
 
 
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                The science of medical diagnostics has advanced significantly during the past decade. Much of this advance has come as a result of new knowledge of the human genome and related proteins, which form the foundation of cell biology and the functioning of the human body. Our goal is to utilize this research as a base to develop screening and diagnostic testing products for cancer and cancer-related diseases. We believe that the success of these products will improve patient care through more accurate test performance, wider product availability and more cost-effective service delivery.   We have developed an FDA-cleared sample collection device and are developing and testing stains and reagents for use with the AIPS system to screen for various cancers.
 
                Our strategy is to develop products through internal development processes, strategic partnerships, licenses and acquisitions. This strategy has required and will continue to require additional capital. As a result, we will incur substantial operating losses until we are able to successfully market some, or all, of our products.
 
                We launched sales of the SoftPAP cervical cell collector in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.   We believe the revenues from this device along with additional capital will allow us to complete the development of the other components of the CytoCore Solutions System, including the AIPS Workstation, AIPS Imager, and genetic biological markers used for the development of the various protein antibodies that allow for the detection of abnormal cervical, uterine, endometrial and bladder cancer cells.
 
Outlook
               
                We have incurred significant operating losses since its inception. Management expects that significant on-going operating expenditures will be necessary to successfully implement our business plan and to develop, manufacture and market our products. Implementation of our plans will be contingent upon securing substantial additional financing.   During the year ended December 31, 2013, we raised approximately $0.5 million through the sales of our common stock and advances from related parties.   In order to successfully implement our business plan, we will have to obtain additional capital.   If we are unable to obtain additional capital or generate profitable sales revenues, we may be required to curtail product development and other activities and in the extreme case, cease operations. No assurances can be given about our ability to obtain capital.   The consolidated financial statements presented herein do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.   
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
 
Management believes that there are no material estimates affecting the financial statements could significantly change in the coming year.
 
Results of Operations
 
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013 as compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
      Revenue
 
               Revenues of $24,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 represented a decrease of $174,000, or 88%, from revenues of $198,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. This decrease was due to lower sales totaling $170,000 of the collection system relating to the detection of breast cancer, which we are selling on behalf of another company, a decrease in sales of our SoftPAP cervical cell collector totaling $1,000 and a reduction in licensing fees of $3,000.
 
 
27

 
Costs and Expenses
 
Cost of Revenues
 
Cost of revenues represents the cost of the product sold, freight, and other costs of selling our products.   Cost of revenues totaled $8,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared to $104,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012.   The decrease in cost of revenues is attributable primarily to the decrease in sales of a third-party product along with a small increase in sales of our SoftPAP cervical cell collector.
 
Research and Development
 
Research and development expenses include industrial design and engineering covering the disposable and instrument components of CytoCore Solutions System, payments to medical and engineering consultants for advice related to the design and development of our products and their potential uses in the medical technology marketplace, and payroll-related costs for in-house engineering, scientific, laboratory, software development, and research management staff.
 
For the 2013 fiscal year, research and development expenses were $250,000 a compared to $336,000 for the 2012 fiscal year, a reduction of $85,000 or 25%. This reduction is attributable to $63,000 in fees paid to medical consultants, an decrease of $7,000 related to costs incurred for the ongoing improvement of the SoftPAP cervical collection device and other research, a $4,000 decrease in depreciation expense and a $12,000 decrease in personnel costs.
 
Selling, General and Administrative
 
                For the year ended December 31, 2013, SG&A expenses were $584,000 after an adjustment of trade debt totaling $214,000, an adjustment relating to the liquidation of our subsidiaries of $149,000 and an adjustment for an accrual for franchise taxes totaling $227,000. The SG&A expenses represent a $443,000, or 43%, decrease from SG&A expenses of $1,027,000 after an adjustment of trade debt totaling $546,000 for the corresponding period in 2012.   Of this $443,000 decrease, depreciation expense decreased $135,000, marketing costs decreased $67,000, consulting fees decreased $99,000, travel expenses decreased $11,000, administrative payroll cost decreased $87,000, leasing costs decreased $9,000, professional fees decreased $39,000, an adjustment related of trade debt totaled $214,000, an adjustment relating to the liquidation of our subsidiaries totaled $149,000, and a franchise tax expense decreased $227,000. These decreases were partially offset by increases in transfer agent fees of $8,000, insurance expense of $5,000, directors’ fees of $10,000, investor relations fees of $22,000, other costs decreased $3,000 and the adjustment of trade debt of $546,000 in the corresponding period in 2012.
 
                Other Income (Expense)
 
                Interest expense decreased by $140,000 to $105,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $245,000 in 2012. Of this decrease $134,000 relates to the non-cash charge for related party advances from the reduction in outstanding loans from one of our directors in 2013 and $6,000 of other interest expense. We recorded a non-cash expense totaling $97,000 in 2013 and $231,000 in 2012 for interest on related party advances.
 
                Net Loss
               The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2013, totaled $923,000, as compared to $1,514,000 for 2012, a decrease of $591,000 or 39%. Of this decrease, $443,000 related to decreases in SG&A expenses, $86,000 related to decreases in R&D costs, $96,000 related to decreases in cost of revenues and $140,000 related to decreases in interest expense. These decreases were partially offset by decrease in revenues totaling $174,000.  
               The net loss applicable to common stockholders which reflects the unpaid and undeclared preferred stock dividends decreased to $1,189,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $1,780,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012, a decrease of $591,000, or 33%. The net loss per common share for each of the years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $0.01 and $0.02, respectively, on 197,214,005 and 72,224,186 weighted average common shares outstanding, respectively.
 
 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our capital resources and liquidity needs have been primarily met from sales of our debt and equity securities to related parties and institutional investors.  
 
Research and development, clinical trials and other studies of the components of our CytoCore Solutions System, conversions from designs and prototypes into product manufacturing, sales and marketing efforts, medical consultants and advisors, and research, administrative, and executive personnel are and will continue to be the principal basis for our cash requirements. We have raised operating funds for our business since our inception through loans from related parties, private offerings of debt and equity securities to limited numbers of U.S. and foreign investors. We will be required to make additional offerings in the future or obtain additional money from related parties to support our operations until we are able to generate sufficient income from the sale of our products. We used $498,000 and $685,000 during 2013 and 2012, respectively, to fund our operating activities.
 
At December 31, 2013, we had cash on hand of $1,000, as compared to $39,000 on December 31, 2012.   We were able to raise $460,000 through sales of our common stock totaling $300,000 and advances of $160,000 from a related party during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. This cash was used to fund operations, including research and development activities. With our acquisition of Medite on April 3, 2014, we have raised $1,529 million. We do not have any material commitments for capital expenditures.
               
In connection with the acquisition of Medite, we conducted an initial closing of a private placement transaction pursuant to which we issued 95,587,500 shares of our common stock in consideration of gross proceeds of $1,529,400. Medite specializes in the development, manufacture and distribution of medical laboratory automation equipment and supplies for pathology, histology and cytology. Medite focusses on the development of molecular biomarkers and medical devices for detection, risk assessment and diagnosis of cancer and related diseases.
 
                Our operations have been, and will continue to be, dependent upon management’s ability to raise operating capital through the issuance and sale of debt and equity securities and advances from certain of our affiliates. We have incurred significant operating losses since inception of the business. We expect that significant on-going operating expenditures will be necessary to successfully implement our business plan and develop, manufacture and market our products.
 
 
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                In order to meet our operational needs, we have agreed to issue shares of our common stock to various employees, consultants and other service providers (the “Recipients”) in lieu of cash payment.   In 2013, we became contractually obligated to issue an aggregate of 15,054,440 shares of common stock to the Recipients.   We have not issued 2,500,000 of these shares. In 2012, we became contractually obligated to issue an aggregate of 11,817,722 shares of common stock to the Recipients. As of December 31, 2012, we have not issued 2,363,194 shares of common stock from 2012 and prior periods.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements  
 
                As of December 31, 2013, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partners, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.   As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.
 
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
                Our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, together with the report of L J Soldinger Associates LLC dated April 14, 2014, and the notes thereto, are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K commencing on page F-1 and are incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
Not Applicable.
 
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 
An evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) was carried out by us under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer, who serves as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer.  Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer concluded that as of December 31, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure (i) that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer, in order to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
             
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act).   Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer who serves as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (‘‘COSO’’) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework. Based on management’s assessment based on the criteria of the COSO, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, our internal control over financial reporting is effective at the reasonable assurance level.
 
Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
 
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
 
 
30

 
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorization of our management and directors; and
 
(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
 
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.  Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which permits us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B
Other Information
 
On April 3, 2014, Richard A. Domanik resigned his position as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, as a result of our acquisition of Medite. Mr. Domanik continues as an employee. There were no disagreements between us and Dr. Domanik on any matter relating to our operations, policies, or practices which led to his resignation.
 
PART III
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
 
Board of Directors and Executive Officers  
 
 
Name
 
Age
 
Positions with the Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michaela Ott
 
48
 
Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
Michael Ott
 
49
 
President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
 
Robert F. McCullough, Jr.
 
59
 
Chief Financial Officer and Director
 
John H. Abeles, M.D.
 
70
 
Director
 
Alexander M. Milley
 
62
 
Director
 
Augusto Ocana
 
71
 
Director
 
Mauro Scimia
 
59
 
Director
 
Xavier Carbonell
 
45
 
Director
 
Board of Directors
 
                We believe that our Board should be composed of individuals with sophistication and experience in many substantive areas that impact our business.   We believe that experience, qualifications, or skills in the following areas are most important: accounting and finance; design, innovation and engineering; strategic planning; human resources and development practices; and board practices of other corporations.   These areas are in addition to the personal qualifications described in this section.   We believe that all of our current Board members possess the professional and personal qualifications necessary for board service, and have highlighted particularly noteworthy attributes for each Board member in the individual biographies below.   The principal occupation and business experience, for at least the past five years, of each current director is as follows:
 
 
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Michaela Ott was appointed to serve as Chief Executive Officer concurrently with our acquisition of Medite on April 3, 2014. Mrs. Ott has served as Co-President of Medite GMBH since 2006 and as a director Medite Enterprises, Inc. since 2013. Ms. Ott possesses particular knowledge and experience that strengthen the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.
 
Michael Ott was appointed to serve as President and Chief Operating officer concurrently with our acquisition of Medite on April 3, 2014. Mr. Ott has served as Co-President of Medite GMBH since 2006 and as Chief Executive Officer and President of Medite Enterprises, Inc. since 2013. Mr. Ott possesses particular knowledge and experience that strengthen the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.
 
                Robert F. McCullough, Jr. was elected Chief Financial Officer and director of the Company in September 2005 and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in October 2007.   Mr. McCullough was appointed to serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors on April 21, 2009. Effective April 3, 2014, Mr. McCullough resigned his position as Chief Executive Office of the Company. From October 2003 to January 2011, Mr. McCullough also served as President and as a Portfolio Manager of Summitcrest Capital, Inc., a money management firm and registered investment adviser, which was formerly a holder of approximately 4.9% of our issued and outstanding common stock.   From April 1999 to July 2003, Mr. McCullough served as a Portfolio Manager at Presidio Management, a money management firm.   Prior to this, Mr. McCullough served as a manager with the accounting firm of Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young) and also served as a financial analyst, a portfolio manager and a Chief Financial Officer of several private companies.   Mr. McCullough has a Masters of Business Administration in finance and is a Certified Public Accountant.   Mr. McCullough possesses particular knowledge and experience in accounting and finance, organizational leadership and strategic planning that strengthen the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.   In a civil action brought by the SEC in January 2011, the SEC alleged that Mr. McCullough failed to report transactions in Company securities, failed to accurately report his beneficial ownership of Company securities in our proxy statement, and aided and abetted us in violating Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act.   In February 2011, Mr. McCullough consented to the entry of a final judgment pursuant to which he was permanently restrained and enjoined from violating Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, and from aiding and abetting violations of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act and paid a civil penalty in the amount of $100,000.  
 
                John H. Abeles, M.D. has been a director of the Company since May 1999.   Dr. Abeles is President of MedVest, Inc., a venture capital and consulting firm he founded in 1980.   He is also General Partner of Northlea Partners, Ltd., a family investment partnership.   Dr. Abeles previously served as a senior medical executive at Sterling Drug Company, Pfizer, Inc. and Revlon Healthcare, Inc. and subsequently was a medical analyst at Kidder, Peabody & Co.   Dr. Abeles is a director of a number of companies operating in the medical device and healthcare fields, including publicly-traded companies DUSA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and CombiMatrix Corp.   Dr. Abeles has also served as a director of I-Flow Corporation (now a subsidiary of Kimberly Clark Corporation) and Oryx Technology Corp.   Dr. Abeles possesses particular knowledge and experience in medical education, venture capital and finance, and the pharmaceutical industry that strengthen the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.  
 
                Alexander M. Milley has been a director of the Company since 1989.   Mr. Milley is currently President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of ELXSI Corp., a publicly-held holding company with subsidiaries operating in the restaurant and environmental inspection equipment industries.   Mr. Milley has served as Chairman and CEO of ELXSI since September 1989, and was elected President of that company in August 1990.   He is also President and Chairman of the Board of Azimuth Corporation, a holding company with subsidiaries operating in the trade show exhibit, retail environment design, and electrical components and fastener distribution industries.   From 1988 until 2004, Mr. Milley served as a director and Vice President of Contempo Design, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of trade show exhibits.   Contempo Design, Inc. filed a petition a petition under Chapter 11 of the federal Bankruptcy Code in 2004.   Mr. Milley was Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Bell National Corporation, our predecessor, until December 1998 and was President of Bell National from August 1990 until December 1998.   Mr. Milley is the founder, President, sole director and majority stockholder of Milley Management, Inc., a private investment and management-consulting firm.   Mr. Milley is also a director and executive officer of Cadmus Corporation, a private investment and management consulting firm, and Winchester National, Inc., an investment holding company.   Mr. Milley possesses particular knowledge and experience in finance, management, marketing and public company governance that strengthen the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.  
 
Dr. Mauro Scimia has served as a consultant to the Company since 2011. Prior to this, from 2009 to 2011, he served as a consultant to Greiner BioOne, a life sciences company, where he assisted with establishing distribution networks and developing a private laboratory network. During 2007 and 2008, he served as a consultant to Third Wave Technologies (Madison), a developer of cervical cancer screening tests, where he assisted with establishing distribution channels in Italy, France and Spain. From 2000 to 2006, Dr. Scimia served as the Country Manager for Cytyc Italy, a subsidiary of Cytyc Corporation. Prior to this, he served in several sales and management positions for several pharmaceutical and life sciences companies.   As a result of these and other professional experiences, Dr. Scimia possesses particular knowledge and experience in sales strategies, product distribution and the life sciences industry which strengthens the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.
 
 
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Dr. Xavier Carbonell has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Palex Medical, SA, a medical device distribution company located in Spain, since 2008. Prior to this, from 2004 to 2008, he served as the Oncology Business Unit Director for Amgen, a publicly-traded biotechnology company. Prior to this, from 2002 to 2004, he was the Medical Director for the Oncology Business Unit at Novartis. Before Novartis, he held several positions in the medical oncology field, including serving as a Medical Oncologist at several public and private institutions. As a result of these and other professional experiences, Dr. Carbonell possesses particular knowledge and experience in management, international relations and product distribution which strengthens the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.
 
Augusto Ocana has previously served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company from November 2006 to July 2007 and as President of International Operations from 2007 through 2008. He has acted as a consultant to the Company since then. He also served as the President of Worldwide Business of the Company since 2006. Prior to this, from 1999 to 2006, he was a Senior Vice President, General Manager and Director of C.H. Werfen, S.A., where he focused on sales and market development. Prior to this, he served in sales and management roles for several corporations, including Abbott Laboratories. As a result of these and other professional experiences, Mr. Ocana possesses particular knowledge and experience in sales, marketing, and management which strengthens the Board’s collective qualifications, skills, and experience.
 
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
 
                Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers and directors, and holders of more than 10% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the Commission.   They are also required to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file with the SEC.   Based solely on our review of copies of such forms received by us and/or any written representations from such persons that no other reports were required with respect to 2013, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were satisfied in a timely fashion during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, except that Drs. Abeles, Scimia and Carbonell, Mr. Milley and Mr. Ocana failed to timely file Form 4s.
 
Code of Ethics
 
                We have adopted our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for Officers, Directors and Employees that applies to all of our officers, directors and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.   We filed the code as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, as filed with the Commission on April 14, 2004.   The Code of Ethics is also available on our website at www.cytocoreinc.com.
 
Board of Directors and Committee Information
 
                The Board of Directors currently has three standing committees – the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.   The Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees were established by the Board in 2008.  
 
                Audit Committee
 
                The Audit Committee currently consists of Mr. Milley (Chairman) and Dr. Abeles, both of whom are independent under applicable independence requirements.   The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Milley qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Exchange Act.
 
 
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                The Audit Committee acts pursuant to a written charter, which charter authorizes the committee’s overview of the financial operations and management of the Company, including a required review process for all quarterly, annual, and special filings with the Commission, review of the adequacy and efficacy of the accounting and financial controls of the Company as well as the quality of accounting principles and financial disclosure practices, and communications with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and members of financial management.   A copy of the Audit Committee’s charter was filed as an appendix to the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2007 annual stockholders meeting, as filed with the SEC on May 15, 2007, and is available on our website.   The Audit Committee met four times in 2013.  
 
                Stockholder Nominations
 
                There were no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our board of directors during the 2013 fiscal year.
 
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
 
Summary Compensation Table
 
The following table sets forth the compensation earned by the Company’s principal executive officer, and each of the Company’s two most highly compensated executive officers other than the principal executive officer whose compensation exceeded $100,000 (collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”), during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
Name
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and
 
 
 
Salary
 
Total
 
Principal Position
 
Year
 
($)
 
($)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Robert F. McCullough, Jr. (1)
 
2013
 
$
180,000
(2)
$
180,000
 
CEO, CFO and Chairman of the Board
 
2012
 
$
180,000
(2)
$
90,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard A. Domanik, Ph.D. (3)
 
2013
 
$
150,000
(4)
$
150,000
 
COO
 
2012
 
$
150,000
(4)
$
150,000
 
 
(1) Mr. McCullough served as our Chief Executive Officer from October 2007 through April 3, 2014 and as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2005.  
(2) Mr. McCullough has deferred payment of 100% of his salary earned in 2013 and 2012.
(3) Dr. Domanik served as our Chief Operating Officer from October 2007 through April 3, 2014, and has also served as our President from May 2007 until August 2008.  
(4) Dr. Domanik has deferred payment of 100% of his salary earned in 2013 and 2012.
 
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
 
                Our named executive officers did not own any outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2013 as we have no plans in place (see below).
 
 
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Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table
 
                Mr. McCullough earned an annual salary of $180,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively, and has elected to defer payment of 100% of such salary.   We do not have any employment agreement with Mr. McCullough.
 
                We have not entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Domanik, although the basic terms of his compensation have been established.   Specifically, we pay Dr. Domanik an annual salary of $150,000, standard benefits as provided to other employees, and reimbursement of reasonable business expenses.   Dr. Dominick elected to defer salary totaling $150,000 for the 2013 and 2012 fiscal years.
 
Equity Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
                In 1999, we adopted the 1999 Equity Incentive Plan and the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, both of which expired in 2009.   For additional information, see “Equity Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan” in Item 12 below.
 
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control
 
                We do not offer or have in place any formal severance, change in control or similar compensation programs for our officers or employees.   Rather, we individually negotiate with those employees for whom such compensation is deemed necessary.   We do not currently have an agreement with any officer with respect to severance, change of control or a similar circumstance.   We are obligated to provide warrants to our outside directors upon the occurrence of certain changes in control.   For more information, see “ Compensation of Directors ” below.
                               
Compensation of Directors
 
                The following table sets forth certain information regarding the compensation of directors for our 2013 fiscal year.  
 
 
 
Fees Earned
 
 
 
 
 
or Paid in
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
 
Total
 
Name(1)
 
($)
 
($)
 
John H. Abeles, M.D.
 
$
20,000
(2)
$
20,000
(3)
Alexander M. Milley
 
$
20,000
(2)
$
20,000
(3)
Xavier Carbonell
 
$
(4)
$
 
Mauro Scimia
 
$
(4)
$
 
Augusto Ocana
 
$
(4)
$
 
 
(1)         Mr. McCullough has been omitted from this table as he is a management member of our board of directors and is not separately compensated for his service on the board of directors.
 
(2)         Represents director fees with respect to fiscal year 2013.   This amount includes $5,000 in fees payable to each director which were paid through the issuance of common stock.
 
(3)         As of December 31, 2013, each of these directors is entitled to receive 100,000 shares of common stock in connection with a stock bonus provided to each of our directors in 2009.  
 
(4)         Does not include consulting fees and sales commissions earned in 2013. See “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence” in item 13 below.
 
 
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Narrative Disclosure to Director Compensation Table
 
                We currently pay our outside directors a quarterly fee of $5,000 as compensation for their service on our board of directors.   Since 2009, our directors have deferred receipt of such fees.   We also reimburse all directors for their reasonable expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of the board of directors.   In addition, all outside directors are entitled to receive warrants to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock when our annual revenues reach $20 million and warrants to purchase an additional 25,000 shares of common stock when our annual revenues reach $50 million. The exercise price of such warrants will be at a 33% discount to the average trading price of the common stock during the 45 days prior to the date we achieve each revenue milestone.
 
                Upon our acquisition, all outside directors will receive: (1) warrants to purchase 62,500 shares of common stock at $2.50 per share if we are acquired for more than $10.00 per share; (2) warrants to purchase 87,500 shares of common stock at $5.00 per share if we are acquired for more than $20.00 per share; and (3) warrants to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock at $7.50 per share if we are acquired for more than $30.00 per share.  
 
                For information on other consideration received by directors or their affiliates from the Company, see “ Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons ” in Item 13 below.
 
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
Common Stock
 
                The following table sets forth certain information, as of April 3, 2014 with respect to holdings of our common stock by (i) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of such date, (ii) each of our directors and executive officers, and (iii) all directors and executive officers as a group.   Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each person is c/o CytoCore, Inc., 414 N. Orleans Street, Suite 503, Chicago, Illinois 60654.   
 
 
 
Amount and Nature of
 
Percent
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
 
Beneficial Ownership (1)
 
of Class
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michaela Ott
 
1,468,750,000
(2)
77.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Ott
 
1,468,750,000
(3)
77.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Robert F. McCullough
 
167,690,706
(4)
8.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Augusto Ocana
 
9,090,835
 
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mauro Scimia
 
5,959,750
 
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
John H. Abeles, M.D.
 
12,625,598
(5)
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alexander M. Milley
 
4,652,950
(6)
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xavier Carbonell
 
6,569,823
 
*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All current directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)
 
1,675,339,662
 
88.0
%
 

· Less than one percent
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, each of the persons named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite such person’s name.   With respect to each person or group, percentages are calculated based on the number of shares beneficially owned, including shares that may be acquired by such person or group within 60 days of April 3, 2014 upon the exercise of stock options, warrants or other purchase rights, but not the exercise of options, warrants or other purchase rights held by any other person.   There were 1,904,841,796 shares of common stock outstanding as of the close of business on April 3, 2014 .
 
 
36

 
(2) Includes: (i) 734,375,000 shares held by Mrs. Ott’s husband, Michael Ott, and (ii) 187,500,000 shares currently being held in escrow in order to satisfy certain indemnification obligations of Mrs. Ott in connection with the acquisition of Medite .
 
(3) Includes: (i) 734,375,000 shares held by Mr. Ott’s wife, Michaela Ott, and (ii) 187,500,000 shares currently being held in escrow in order to satisfy certain indemnification obligations of Mr. Ott in connection with the acquisition of Medite .
 
(4) Includes an aggregate 166,205 shares owned by various trusts of which Mr. McCullough is trustee as follows: MJM Educational Trust (15,000) shares, PFM Educational Trust (15,000 shares), CDM Educational Trust (15,000) shares and the MPC Trust (121,205 shares).
     
(5) Includes: (i) 6,775,598 shares owned by Northlea Partners, Ltd., of which Dr. Abeles is General Partner; and (ii) 100,000 shares of common stock awarded in 2009 that have not yet been issued.   Dr. Abeles disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares owned by, or issuable to, Northlea Partners except shares attributable to his 1% interest in Northlea Partners as General Partner.
 
(6) Includes: (i) 149,551 shares held by Azimuth Corporation, of which Mr. Milley is President and Chairman of the Board of Directors, 429,255 shares held by Cadmus Corporation, of which Mr. Milley is President and a director, 80,282 shares held by Milley Management, Inc., of which Mr. Milley is President, sole director and majority stockholder, and 23,710 shares held by Winchester National, Inc., of which Mr. Milley is a director and executive officer; and (ii) 100,000 shares of common stock awarded in 2009 that have not yet been issued.   An aggregate of 402,890 shares of common stock held directly by Mr. Milley, Cadmus Corporation, Winchester National and Milley Management have been pledged to ELXSI Corp., of which Mr. Milley is President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.
 
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
 
                The following table sets forth certain information, as of April 3, 2014 with respect to holdings of our Series E Convertible Preferred Stock by (i) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the total number of shares of our Series E Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding as of such date, (ii) each of our directors and executive officers, and (iii) all directors and executive officers as a group.  
 
 
 
Amount and Nature of
 
Percent
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
 
Beneficial Ownership (2)
 
of Class
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kevin F. Flynn June 1992 Non-Exempt Trust
 
6,667
(3)
35.0
%
120 South LaSalle Street
 
 
 
 
 
Chicago, IL 60602
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rolf Lagerquist
 
2,000
(4)
10.5
%
4522 CO Road 21 NE
 
 
 
 
 
Elgin, MN 55932
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1) No executive officers or directors own any shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock.
 
(2) Unless otherwise indicated, each of the persons named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite such person’s name.   With respect to each person or group, percentages are calculated based on the number of shares beneficially owned, including shares that may be acquired by such person or group within 60 days of April 3, 2014 upon the exercise of stock options, warrants or other purchase rights, but not the exercise of options, warrants or other purchase rights held by any other person.   There were 19,022 shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding as of the close of business on April 3, 2014.
 
(3) Converts into 40,662 shares of common stock, including shares issuable upon payment of cumulative dividends.
 
(4) Converts into 12,198 shares of common stock, including shares issuable upon payment of cumulative dividends.
 
 
37

 
Equity Compensation Plan Information
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of securities
 
 
 
Number of securities
 
 
 
 
remaining available for future
 
 
 
to be issued upon
 
 
Weighted-average
 
issuance under equity
 
 
 
exercise of outstanding
 
 
exercise price of
 
compensation plans (excluding
 
 
 
options, warrants and
 
 
outstanding options,
 
securities reflected in column
 
Plan category
 
rights
 
 
warrants and rights
 
(a))
 
 
 
(a)
 
 
(b)
 
(c)
 
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
None
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warrants issued for officer, director and employee compensation (1)
 
39,000
 
$
0.01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
39,000
 
$
0.01
 
 
 
1) We have issued warrants in lieu of cash payment for employment services, for achieving certain goals or for other corporate reasons. During fiscal year 2013, we issued to a non-executive employee warrants to acquire 11,000 shares of common stock.
 
Changes in Control
 
                We are not aware of any arrangements (including any pledge by any person of our securities), the operation of which did or may at a subsequent date result in a change of control.
 
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 
                The following section sets forth information regarding transactions since January 1, 2013, or any currently proposed transactions, between us and certain related persons.    For more information on the compensation received by our directors and officers, and the beneficial ownership of equity securities of the Company by such individuals, see Item 11 “ Executive Compensation ” and Item 12 “ Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ” above.
 
                Robert F. McCullough, Jr., Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
 
                Mr. McCullough loaned to us an aggregate $159,500 and $639,000 during the 2013 and 2012 fiscal years, respectively.   On May 20, 2013, we issued 162,500,000 shares of our common stock to Mr. McCullough for the cancellation of $3.25 million of outstanding indebtedness payable by us to Mr. McCullough. The aggregate outstanding balance of $77,750 is payable upon demand and does not accrue interest.
 
Payment of Consulting Fees and Commissions to Directors
 
                During the years ended December 31, 2013, we engaged in the following transactions with our directors:
 
. we issued 1,805,528 shares of common stock to Xavier Carbonell in payment of consulting services;
. we issued 902,764 shares of common stock and paid $30,000 to Mauro Scimia in payment of consulting services and paid $21,236 to Mr. Scimia in payment of commissions and reimbursement of expenses incurred on sales of our products; and
. we issued 1,805,528 shares of common stock to Augusto Ocana in payment of consulting services and paid $8,875    to Mr. Ocana in payment of commissions and reimbursement of expenses incurred on sales of our products.
 
 
38

 
Related Person Transaction Approval Policy
 
                We recognize that related person transactions can present potential or actual conflicts of interest and create the appearance that our decisions are based on considerations other than the best interests of us and our stockholders.   The Board of Directors, therefore, adopted a written policy in May 2008 that requires the review, approval or ratification of all such transactions by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors in accordance with the procedures established for such transactions.
 
                For these purposes, a “related person transaction” is any transaction, arrangement or relationship (or series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which we or any subsidiary is, was or will be a participant and in which a related person has, had or will have a direct or indirect interest.   A “related person” includes executive officers, directors, nominees for election as a director, five percent holders, and any immediate family members of the foregoing.   It also includes entities in which any of the foregoing is employed or is a partner or principal or in a similar position, or in which such person has a five percent or greater beneficial ownership interest.
 
                In advance of each regularly scheduled Audit Committee meeting, management must propose those transactions to be entered into by us for the coming calendar quarter, including the material terms of such transactions, the parties involved, the interests of the related person(s) in such transactions, and the proposed aggregate value of each such transaction (if calculable).   After review, the Audit Committee must approve or disapprove such transactions and at each subsequently scheduled meeting, management must update the Audit Committee as to any material change to those proposed transactions.   If advance approval of a related person transaction is not feasible, such transactions may be preliminarily entered into by management, subject to ratification by the Audit Committee at its next meeting.   A transaction also may be approved by the Chairman of the Audit Committee, who possesses delegated authority to act between meetings, in circumstances where it is not practicable or desirable for us to wait until the next committee meeting. 
 
                Review and evaluation of a related person transaction include an examination of all material facts and relevant factors, including without limitation:
 
· the risks and benefits of such transaction to us;
 
· the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction;
 
· the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person involved in the transaction is a director, an immediate family member or an affiliated entity;
 
· if applicable, the availability of other sources of comparable products and services; and
 
· whether such transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances.
 
                The Audit Committee shall approve or ratify only those transactions that, in light of known circumstances, are in, or are not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and our stockholders, as the Audit Committee determines in good faith.   The committee may also determine to provide standing approval of certain types of transactions. No director shall participate in any discussion or approval of a related person transaction for which he or she is a related person, except that the director is required to provide all material information concerning such transaction as requested by the Audit Committee or the Board of Directors.
 
Director Independence
 
                Upon consideration of the criteria and requirements regarding director independence set forth in Rules 5000(a)(19) and 5605(a)(2) of the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market, we have determined that Dr. Abeles and Messrs. Milley, are independent.   With regard to our audit committee, the board of directors has determined that Dr. Abeles and Mr. Milley, who constitute all members of the audit committee, are independent with respect to the independence criteria for audit committee members set forth in Rule 5605(c)(2) of the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Exchange Act.
 
 
39

 
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
                L J Soldinger Associates LLC (“LJSA”) served as our independent registered pubic accounting firm each of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2013 and 2012.
               
Fees
 
               The following table presents fees for the professional services rendered by LJSA for fiscal years 2013 and 2012, respectively:
 
Services Performed
 
2013
 
2012
 
Audit Fees(1)
 
$
80,000
 
$
85,000
 
Audit-Related Fees(2)
 
 
1,680
 
 
1,560
 
Tax Fees(3)
 
 
4,352
 
 
2,772
 
All Other Fees(4)
 
 
 
 
 
Total Fees
 
$
86,032
 
$
89,332
 
 
(1) Audit fees represent fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of the financial statements included in our quarterly reports or services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
(2) Audit-related fees represent fees billed for assurance and related services reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements not reported in (1) above, including those incurred in connection with securities registration and/or other issues resulting from that process.
(3) Tax fees represent fees billed for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning services.
(4) All other fees principally would include fees billed for products and services provided by the accountant, other than the services reported under the three captions above.
 
Pre-Approval Policies
 
                As required by applicable law, the Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm. In connection with such responsibilities, the Audit Committee is required, and it is the Audit Committee’s policy, to pre-approve the audit and permissible non-audit services (both the type and amount) performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in order to ensure that the provision of such services does not impair the firm’s independence, in appearance or fact.  
 
                The Audit Committee pre-approved all audit services provided to us during fiscal 2013.   Non-audit services provided to us during fiscal year 2013 were for tax compliance.
 
PART IV
 
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(*) Denotes an exhibit filed herewith.
 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
2.1
 
Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Cytocore, Inc., Medite Enterprises, Inc., Medite GMBH, Michael Ott and Michaela Ott dated January 11, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 11, 2014.)
   
40

 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
2.2
 
Amendment No. 1 to Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Cytocore, Inc., Medite Enterprises, Inc., Medite GMBH, Michael Ott and Michaela Ott dated March 15, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 15, 2014.)
 
 
 
2.3
 
Amendment No. 2 to Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Cytocore, Inc., Medite Enterprises, Inc., Medite GMBH, Michael Ott and Michaela Ott dated March 15, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 1, 2014.)
 
 
 
3.1
 
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 26, 2001.)
 
 
 
3.2
 
By-laws of the Company (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix E to the 1999 Proxy Statement.)
 
 
 
3.3
 
Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000, as filed with the SEC on March 29, 2001)
 
 
 
3.4
 
Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000, as filed with the SEC on March 29, 2001)
 
 
 
3.5
 
Section 6 of Article VII of the By-laws of the Company, as amended. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-4 (Reg. # 333-61666), as filed with the SEC on May 25, 2000)
 
 
 
3.6
 
Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-2 (Reg. # 333-83578), as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2002)
 
 
 
3.7
 
Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-2 (Reg. # 333-83578), as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2002)
 
 
 
3.8
 
Certificate of Amendment of Amended Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-2 (Reg. # 333-83578), as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2002)
 
 
 
3.9
 
Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-2 (Reg. # 333-83578), as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2002)
 
 
 
3.10
 
Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-2 (Reg. # 333-83578), as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2002)
 
 
 
3.11
 
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated August 5, 2004   (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2004, as filed with the SEC on August 16, 2004)
 
 
 
3.12
 
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, dated June 22, 2006 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2006, as filed with the SEC on August 21, 2006)
 
 
 
3.13
 
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated June 22, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2007, as filed with the SEC on August 17, 2007)
 
 
41

 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
3.14
 
Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated November 19, 2007   (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007, as filed with the SEC on April 2, 2008)
 
 
 
4.1
 
Registration Rights Agreement in connection with $7 million maximum offering of Units completed in March 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007, as filed with the SEC on April 2, 2008)
 
 
 
4.2
 
Form of Warrant in connection with $7 million maximum offering of Units completed in March 2008   (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.23 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007, as filed with the SEC on April 2, 2008)
 
 
 
10.1
 
Service agreement with Cell Solutions, LLC. Dated October 9, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2010)
 
 
 
10.2
 
Distribution service agreement with Amsino International, Inc. dated April 14, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2010)
 
 
 
10.3
 
Consulting agreement with Dr. Mauro Scimia dated April 14, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2010)
 
 
 
14.1
 
Code of Ethics and Business Conduct of Officers, Directors and Employees of CytoCore, Inc.   (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed with the SEC on April 14, 2004)
 
 
 
31.1*
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*  
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*
  
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*
 
XBRL Instance Document  
101.SCH*  
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document  
101.CAL*  
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document  
101.DEF*  
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document  
101.LAB*  
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document  
101.PRE*  
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document  
 
* Filed herewith
 
 
42

 
SIGNATURES
 
                Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
CYTOCORE, INC.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Michaela Ott
 
 
Michaela Ott
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
April 14, 2014
 
 
By:
/s/ Robert McCullough, Jr.
 
 
Robert McCullough, Jr.
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
Date: April 14, 2014
 
                Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Michaela Ott  
 
Chief Executive Officer  
 
April 14, 2014  
Michaela Ott  
 
(Principal Executive Officer)  
 
 
 
 
and Director  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Michael Ott  
 
Chief Operating Officer and  
 
April 14, 2014  
Michael Ott  
 
Director  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Robert McCullough, Jr.
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
April 14, 2014
Robert McCullough, Jr.
 
(Principal Financial Officer) and
 
 
 
 
Director
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Alexander M. Milley
 
Director
 
April 14, 2014
Alexander M. Milley
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ John Abeles, M.D.
 
Director
 
April 14, 2014
John Abeles, M.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Mauro Scimia
 
Director
 
April 14, 2014
Mauro Scimia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Augusto Ocana
 
Director
 
April 14, 2014
Augusto Ocana
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  /s/ Xavier Carbonell  
 
Director  
 
April 14, 2014  
 
 
43

 
CYTOCORE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F-2
 
 
Balance Sheets
F-3
 
 
Statements of Operations
F-4
 
 
Statements of Cash Flows
F-5
 
 
Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit
F-6
 
 
Notes to Financial Statements
F-7
 
 
F-1

 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of CytoCore, Inc.
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CytoCore, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' deficit and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.  These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement.  The company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.  Our audits included consideration of its internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CytoCore, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the results of their operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 
/s/ L J Soldinger Associates, LLC
 
Deer Park , Illinois
April 14, 2014
 
 
F-2

 
CYTOCORE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
1
 
$
39
 
Accounts receivable
 
 
10
 
 
134
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
 
5
 
 
10
 
Total current assets
 
 
16
 
 
183
 
Property and equipment, net
 
 
5
 
 
79
 
Total assets
 
$
21
 
$
262
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Account payable
 
$
311
 
$
681
 
Accrued payroll costs
 
 
3,324
 
 
2,705
 
Accrued expenses
 
 
537
 
 
903
 
Advances from related parties
 
 
85
 
 
3,175
 
Notes payable
 
 
36
 
 
70
 
Total current liabilities
 
 
4,293
 
 
7,534
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 373,355 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012 (Liquidation value of all classes of preferred stock of $2,871 at December 31, 2013)
 
 
1,487
 
 
1,487
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 2,000,000,000 and 500,000,000 shares authorized; 270,530,857 and 78,226,416 shares issued and issuable and 270,511,648 and 78,207,207 shares outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively
 
 
271
 
 
78
 
Additional paid-in capital
 
 
97,137
 
 
93,407
 
Treasury stock at cost: 19,209 shares at December 31, 2013 and 2012
 
 
(327)
 
 
(327)
 
Accumulated deficit
 
 
(102,840)
 
 
(101,917)
 
Total stockholders’ deficit
 
 
(4,272)
 
 
(7,272)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
 
$
21
 
$
262
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-3

 
CYTOCORE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Sales
 
$
24
 
$
198
 
Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
 
 
8
 
 
104
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development
 
 
250
 
 
336
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative (net of adjustment of trade debt of $214,000,
    a reduction in accrued franchise tax of $227,000 and benefit from the liquidation
    of subsidiaries of $149,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013 and net of
    adjustment of trade debt of $546,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012)
 
 
584
 
 
1,027
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cost and expenses
 
 
842
 
 
1,467
 
Operating Loss
 
 
(818)
 
 
(1,269)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Income (Expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
 
(8)
 
 
(14)
 
Interest expense – related party
 
 
(97)
 
 
(231)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other income (expense)
 
 
(105)
 
 
(245)
 
Loss from operations before income taxes
 
 
(923)
 
 
(1,514)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
Net Loss
 
 
(923)
 
 
(1,514)
 
Preferred stock dividends – unpaid and undeclared
 
 
(266)
 
 
(266)
 
Net loss applicable to common stockholders
 
$
(1,189)
 
$
(1,780)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and fully diluted net loss per common share
 
$
(0.01)
 
$
(0.02)
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
 
 
197,214,005
 
 
72,224,186
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-4

 
CYTOCORE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(923)
 
$
(1,514)
 
Depreciation
 
 
74
 
 
213
 
Interest expense imputed upon related party advances
 
 
97
 
 
231
 
Benefit derived from liquidation of subsidiaries
 
 
(149)
 
 
 
 
Gain on settlements of trade indebtedness
 
 
(214)
 
 
(554)
 
Stock issued for compensation
 
 
35
 
 
55
 
Stock issued to non employees for services
 
 
41
 
 
128
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
 
123
 
 
(129)
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
 
6
 
 
(1)
 
Accounts payable
 
 
(94)
 
 
48
 
Accrued expenses
 
 
506
 
 
838
 
Net cash used for operating activities
 
 
(498)
 
 
(685)
 
Investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sale of equipment
 
 
 
 
70
 
Net cash provided from investing activities
 
 
 
 
70
 
Financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sale of common stock
 
 
300
 
 
 
Proceeds from related parties
 
 
160
 
 
639
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
 
460
 
 
639
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
 
(38)
 
 
24
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 
 
39
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
$
1
 
$
39
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash transaction during the year for:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment of accrued wages with common stock
 
$
35
 
$
55
 
Common stock issued for director fees payable
 
$
200
 
$
 
Conversion of related party debt to common stock
 
$
3,250
 
$
 
Common stock issued for services
 
$
41
 
$
128
 
Imputed interest recorded
 
$
97
 
$
231
 
Cash paid for interest
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Cash paid for taxes
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-5

 
CYTOCORE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ Equity (DEFICIT)

(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Par Value $0.001
 
Par Value $0.001
 
Treasury Stock
 
Paid-In
 
Accumulated
 
Stockholders’
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Capital
 
Deficit
 
Deficit
 
January 1, 2012
 
373,555
 
$
1,487
 
66,408,694
 
$
66
 
19,209
 
$
(327)
 
$
93,005
 
$
(100,403)
 
$
(6,172)
 
Net loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,514)
 
 
(1,514)
 
Common stock issued for
   services
 
 
 
 
 
8,086,524
 
 
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
120
 
 
 
 
128
 
Interest imputed on related
   party advances
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
231
 
 
 
 
231
 
Common stock issued for
   compensation
 
 
 
 
 
3,731,198
 
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
51
 
 
 
 
55
 
December 31, 2012
 
373,355
 
$
1,487
 
78,226,416
 
$
78
 
19,209
 
$
(327)
 
$
93,407
 
$
(101,917)
 
$
(7,272)
 
Net loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(923)
 
 
(923)
 
Sale of common stock
 
 
 
 
 
15,000,000
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
 
 
285
 
 
 
 
300
 
Common stock issued for
   settlement of related partydebt
 
 
 
 
 
162,500,000
 
 
163
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,087
 
 
 
 
3,250
 
Common stock issued for
   services
 
 
 
 
 
12,998,913
 
 
13
 
 
 
 
 
 
228
 
 
 
 
241
 
Interest imputed on related
   party advances
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
97
 
 
 
 
97
 
Common stock issued for
   compensation
 
 
 
 
 
1,805,528
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
33
 
 
 
 
35
 
December 31, 2013
 
373,355
 
$
1,487
 
270,530,857
 
$
271
 
19,209
 
$
(327)
 
$
97,137
 
$
(102,840)
 
$
(4,272)
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
 
 
F-6

 
CYTOCORE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular data in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Note 1.
The Company and Basis of Presentation
 
                CytoCore, Inc. (“CCI”, “CytoCore” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Delaware in December 1998.
 
                Except where the context otherwise requires, “CCI,” “CytoCore”, the “Company,” “we” and “our” refers to CytoCore, Inc. and our dormant subsidiaries and predecessors.
 
                Currently, CCI has one product for sale – its SoftPap collector. CCI is developing, and plans to sell an integrated family of cost-effective products for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer under the trade name of CytoCore Solutions ®.    CytoCore Solutions products are intended to address sample collection, specimen preparation, specimen evaluation (including detection/screening and diagnosis), treatment and patient monitoring within vertical markets related to specific cancers.   Current CytoCore Solutions products are focused upon cervical cancer.   CCI plans that this focus will later be expanded to include other gynecological cancers as well as bladder, lung, and breast cancers, among others.   Within each of these markets CCI anticipates that the CytoCore Solutions products will be sold as individual value-added drop-in replacements for existing products and as integrated systems that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical and laboratory operations.  
 
On April 3, 2014, the Company completed the acquisition of Medite Enterprises, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Medite”) along with Medite GMBH, a corporation organized under the laws of Germany and wholly owned by Medite, and concurrently closed on a private totaling $ 1,529,400 to be used for working capital by the Company (see Note 11).

Note 2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
                Principles of Consolidation  
 
                The consolidated financial statements included herewith include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned dormant subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
                Use of Estimates  
 
                The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates pertain to apportionment factors used to allocate certain state franchise taxes and for the timing of the future payments of accrued wages to determine payroll taxes payable.  
 
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
 
F-7

 
                Revenue Recognition  
 
                CCI recognizes revenue from product sales in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Section (“FASB ASC”) 605 , “Revenue Recognition,” when the following criteria are met: shipment of a product or license to customers has occurred and there are no remaining Company obligations or contingencies; persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; sufficient vendor-specific, objective evidence exists to support allocating the total fee to all elements of the arrangement; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collection is probable.
 
                Cash and Cash Equivalents  
 
                The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
 
                Property and Equipment  
 
                Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Principal useful lives are as follows:
 
 
Furniture and fixtures
5 years
 
Laboratory equipment
5 years
 
Computer and communications equipment
3 years
 
Design and tooling
5 years
 
Machinery and equipment
7 years
 
Leasehold improvements
Useful life or term of lease, whichever is shorter
 
                Normal maintenance and repairs for property and equipment are charged to expense as incurred, while significant improvements are capitalized.
 
                Licenses, Patents, and Technology  
 
                Licenses, patents, and purchased technology are recorded at their acquisition cost. Costs to prepare patent filings are expensed when incurred. Costs related to abandoned or denied patents are written off at the time of abandonment or denial. Amortization is begun as of the date of acquisition or upon the grant of the final patent. Costs are amortized over the asset’s useful life, which ranges from two to 17 years. The Company assesses licenses, patents, and technology periodically for impairment.
 
                Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets
 
                At each balance sheet date or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, management of the Company evaluates the recoverability of such assets. An impairment loss is recognized if the amount of undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, in which case the asset is written down to fair value. The fair value of the asset is measured by either quoted market prices or the present value of estimated expected future cash flows using a discount rate commensurate with the risks involved.
 
                Research and Development Costs  
 
                Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. CCI conducts a portion of its research activities under contractual arrangements with scientists, researchers, universities, and other independent third parties.
 
                Stock Based Compensation
 
                We follow the guidance of FASB ASC 718-10, which requires that share-based payments be reflected as an expense based upon the grant-date fair value of those awards.   The expense is recognized over the remaining vesting periods of the awards, if any.  
 
 
F-8

 
                Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
                The carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and notes payable approximate their respective fair values due to their short maturities.
 
                Net Loss Per Share  
 
                Basic loss per share is calculated based on the weighted-average number of outstanding common shares. Diluted loss per share is calculated based on the weighted-average number of outstanding common shares plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares, using the treasury stock method. CCI’s calculation of diluted net loss per share excludes potential common shares as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 as the effect would be anti-dilutive (i.e. would reduce the loss per share).
 
                In accordance with SEC Accounting Series Release 280, the Company computes its income or loss applicable to common stock holders by subtracting dividends on preferred stock, including undeclared or unpaid dividends if cumulative, from it reported net loss and reports the same on the face of its statement of operations.
 
                Income Taxes  
 
                Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of currently due plus deferred taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting carrying amounts and the respective tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
 
                The Company follows the guidance of FASB ASC 740-10 which relates to the Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which seeks to reduce the diversity in practice associated with the accounting and reporting for uncertainty in income tax positions. This Interpretation prescribes a comprehensive model for financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns.
 
                Risks from Concentrations
 
                Revenues were derived mainly from two customers in 2013 and 2012 .

   

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In the first quarter of 2013, the Company adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) that simplifies how an entity tests indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment. The amended guidance allows companies to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
 
During the fiscal first quarter of 2013, the Company adopted the FASB guidance related to additional reporting and disclosure of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Under this new guidance, companies are required to disclose the effect of significant reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective line items on the income statement if the amount being reclassified is required under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is required to cross-reference other disclosures required under GAAP that provide additional details about those amounts. This update became effective for annual and interim reporting periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012.   The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
 
F-9

 

Note 3.                    Property and Equipment

 
                Fixed assets consist of the following at December 31:
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Furniture and fixtures
 
$
40
 
$
47
 
Laboratory equipment
 
 
508
 
 
508
 
Computer and communications equipment
 
 
261
 
 
261
 
Design and tooling
 
 
1,204
 
 
1,204
 
 
 
 
2,013
 
 
2,020
 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
 
(2,008)
 
 
(1,941)
 
Total
 
$
5
 
$
79
 
 
                For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, depreciation expense was $ 74,000 and $ 213,000 , respectively.   The Company did not allocate any of the depreciation expense of the machinery and equipment or the design and tooling into inventory as there was no manufacturing. This depreciation was included as a selling, general and administrative expense as excess idle time.

Note 4.                    Accrued Expenses
 
                Accrued expenses include the following at December 31:
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Accrued interest
 
$
30
 
$
65
 
Accrued taxes
 
 
328
 
 
484
 
Accrued compensation for Directors
 
 
40
 
 
190
 
Other accrued expenses
 
 
139
 
 
164
 
Total
 
$
537
 
$
903
 

Note 5.
Notes Payable
 
                Notes payable at December 31 consist of:
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Xillix Technologies Corporation, $361,000 Promissory Note issued
    June 26, 1998; interest rate Canadian Prime plus 6% per annum;
    represents a debt of AccuMed; due December 27, 1999
 
 
 
 
34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Robert Shaw, $25,000 Promissory Note issued September 20, 2001;
    interest rate 9% per annum
 
 
15
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., $62,946 Promissory Note issued
    November 30, 2003; due December 31, 2003; interest at 8% per annum
    payable after December 31, 2003
 
 
21
 
 
21
 
 
 
$
36
 
$
70
 
 
                During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company liquidated AccuMed, its wholly owned subsidiary. As a result, the note and accrued interest totaling $ 73,000 due to Xillex Technologies Corporation was recorded as a reduction in selling, general and administration expense.
 
                The Company has failed to make principal and interest payments when due and is in breach of certain warranties and representations under the notes included above. Such notes require the holder to notify CCI in writing of a declaration of default at which time a cure period, as specified in each individual note, would commence.   CCI has not received any written declarations of default from holders of its remaining outstanding notes payable.  
 
                During year ended December 31, 2013, the Company was advanced $ 159,500 from related parties. These advances are non-interest bearing and are due on demand. However, using an 8 % annual interest rate the Company has recorded a non-cash interest expense totaling $ 97,000 and $ 231,000 on the outstanding balances as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
 
F-10

 
Note 6.
Stockholders’ Equity
 
                Earnings (loss) per share
 
                A reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator used in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share is as follows:
 
 
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
Basic and Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reported net loss (in thousands)
 
$
(923)
 
$
(1,514)
 
Less unpaid and undeclared preferred stock dividends
 
 
(266)
 
 
(266)
 
Net loss applicable to common stockholder
 
$
(1,189)
 
$
(1,780)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
 
197,214,005
 
 
74,224,186
 
Net loss per common share
 
$
(0.01)
 
$
(0.02)
 
 
                Warrants to purchase 39,000 and 922,667 shares in 2013 and 2012, respectively and preferred stock convertible into 634,586 and 604,214 shares for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share applicable to common stockholders, as they are anti-dilutive as a result of net losses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
                Preferred Stock
 
                A summary of the Company’s preferred stock as of December 31 is as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
Shares Issued &
 
Preferred Stock Dividends
 
 
 
Shares
 
Outstanding
 
Undeclared and Unpaid
 
Offering
 
Authorized
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A convertible
 
590,197
 
47,250
 
47,250
 
 
 
Series B convertible, 10% cumulative
 
1,500,000
 
93,750
 
93,750
 
37,500
 
37,500
 
Series C convertible, 10% cumulative
 
1,666,666
 
38,333
 
38,333
 
11,500
 
11,500
 
Series D convertible, 10% cumulative
 
300,000
 
175,000
 
175,000
 
175,000
 
175,000
 
Series E convertible, 10% cumulative
 
800,000
 
19,022
 
19,022
 
42,000
 
42,000
 
Undesignated Preferred Series
 
5,143,137
 
 
 
 
 
Total Preferred Stock
 
10,000,000
 
373,355
 
373,355
 
266,000
 
266,000
 
 
                Summary of Preferred Stock Terms
 
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Liquidation Value:
$4.50 per share, $212,625
Conversion Price:
$103.034 per share
Conversion Rate:
0.04367—Liquidation Value divided by Conversion Price ($4.50/$103.034)
Voting Rights:
None
Dividends:
None
Conversion Period:
Any time
 
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Liquidation Value:
$4.00 per share, $375,000
Conversion Price:
$10.00 per share
Conversion Rate:
0.40—Liquidation Value divided by Conversion Price ($4.00/$10.00)
Voting Rights:
None
Dividends:
10%—Quarterly—Commencing March 31, 2001
Conversion Period:
Any time
Cumulative dividends in arrears at December 31, 2013 were $482,000
 
 
F-11

 
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Liquidation Value:
$3.00 per share, $115,000
Conversion Price:
$6.00 per share
Conversion Rate:
0.50—Liquidation Value divided by Conversion Price ($3.00/$6.00)
Voting Rights:
None
Dividends:
10%—Quarterly—Commencing March 31, 2002
Conversion Period:
Any time
Cumulative dividends in arrears at December 31, 2013 were $140,000
 
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Liquidation Value:
$10.00 per share, $ 525,000
Conversion Price:
$10.00 per share
Conversion Rate:
1.00—Liquidation Value divided by Conversion Price ($10.00/$10.00)
Voting Rights:
None
Dividends:
10%—Quarterly—Commencing April 30, 2002
Conversion Period:
Any time
Cumulative dividends in arrears at December 31, 2013 were $ 629,400
 
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock
Liquidation Value:
$22.00 per share, $418,488
Conversion Price:
$8.00 per share
Conversion Rate:
2.75—Liquidation Value divided by Conversion Price ($22.00/$8.00)
Voting Rights:
Equal in all respects to holders of common shares
Dividends:
10%—Quarterly—Commencing May 31, 2002
Conversion Period:
Any time
Cumulative dividends in arrears at December 31, 2013 were $512,000
 
Issuance of Securities
 
Common Stock  
 
Issuance of Common Stock for Cash
 
        During the quarter ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to a qualified investor for $ 20,000 , or $ 0.02 per share.
 
        During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to qualified investors in three separate private placements aggregating $ 300,000 , or $0.02 per share.
 
Issuance of Common Stock as Payment for Services
       
                During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued to two of the Company’s directors, Mauro Scimia (“Scimia”) and Xavier Carbonell (“Carbonell”), 902,764 and 1,805,528 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, respectively, for consulting services rendered, and the Company recorded a charge of $ 52,500 , or $ 0.02 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
                The Company during the year ended December 31, 2013, also issued 2,346,148 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to a consultant for services rendered, and recorded $ 36,000 as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
 
F-12

 
                Also, d uring the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company reversed $ 48,000 of consulting compensation expense from a consulting agreement issued several years prior.  The consultant never completed any of the tasks required under the contract and therefore did not meet the requirements to vest any of the 2,055,527 shares granted, but never issued, under the contract.  The $ 48,000 was a reduction in selling, general & administrative expense.  
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued to two of the Company’s directors, Mauro Scimia (“Scimia”) and Xavier Carbonell (“Carbonell”), 2,252,415 and 3,817,736 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, respectively, for consulting services rendered, and the Company recorded a charge of $ 91,000 , or $ 0.00 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
                Also, during the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued 849,838 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to a consultant for services rendered, and recorded $ 15,000 , or $ 0.00 per share, as a research and development expense.  
 
                In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued 1,066,667 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock to two other consultants for services rendered, and recorded $ 12,000 , or $ 0.00 per share, as a research and development expense and $ 10,000 , or $ 0.00 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
Issuance of Common Stock as Settlement of Debt
 
                During the year ended December, 2013, Robert McCullough, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, converted $ 3,250,000 of debt owed to him into 162,500,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock at a price of $ 0.02 per share. As a result of this transaction, Mr. McCullough beneficially owns 167,690,706 shares of common stock which is 61.99 % of our outstanding common stock.
 
                Also during the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued to two current independent directors, Alexander Milley and Dr. John Abeles, an aggregate 7,500,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, respectively, for past directors fees totaling $ 150,000 , or $ 0.02 per share. In addition, the Company recorded the payment of $ 50,000 for services rendered to a former director in the form of 2,500,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock valued at $ 0.02 per share.   These shares have not yet been issued.
 
                The shares issued to the Company’s CEO and members of the board of directors in the debt settlements described above were issued at a price higher than the trading price of the common stock the day the Board authorized the settlement.   The Company has not treated the transaction as a troubled debt restructuring nor as an extinguishment of the debt, but as essentially a recapitalization of the Company, and therefore no gain or loss has been recorded on the difference in the fair value of the stock as it traded to the amount used to settle the debt.
 
                Issuance of Common Stock to Directors for Services Provided
 
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued to Augusto Ocana (“Ocana”), a director and vice president of the Company, 1,805,528 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, for services rendered. The Company recorded a charge of $ 35,000 , or $ 0.02 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
                For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued Ocana 3,731,198 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock, and recorded a charge of $55,000, or $0.014 per share, as a selling, general and administrative expense.
 
                Our officers and directors own an aggregate 199,199,145 shares of common stock which is 73.64 % of our outstanding common stock.  
 
                  As of December 31, 2013, we have a total of 4,863,194 shares of common stock issuable from the current and prior periods.
 
                Warrants
 
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company issued warrants to a non-executive employee to purchase an aggregate 11,000 shares of restricted, unregistered common stock at an average exercise price of $ 0.01 per share.  No amounts were recorded for compensation as the amount is immaterial.  These warrants have a term of three years and are immediately exercisabl e.
 
 
F-13

 
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company issued warrants to purchase 13,000 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $ 0.01 per share to an employee. CCI valued the warrants at $ 185 using the Black-Scholes valuation model. These warrants have a term of three years and are immediately exercisable.          
 
                Warrants
 
                At December 31, 2013, the Company had the following outstanding warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock:
 
Total Warrant
 
Warrant Shares
 
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
 
Shares Outstanding
 
Exercisable
 
(not weighted)
 
Years until Expiration
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39,000
 
39,000
 
$
0.01
 
1.50
 
 
As of December 31, 2013, there were no unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements since all costs related to grants in 2013 or previous years were fully recognized as of December 31, 2013.
                                                                                                                                                                       
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information follows:
 
Warrants and options issued outside of the Plan for employee compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
Aggregate
 
Remaining
 
 
 
Options and
 
Exercise
 
Intrinsic
 
Contractual
 
 
 
Warrants
 
Price
 
Value
 
Life (Years)
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2011
 
39,000
 
$
0.08
 
 
 
 
Granted
 
13,000
 
$
0..01
 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forfeited
 
(13,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
 
39,000
 
$
0.01
 
 
 
 
Granted
 
11,000
 
$
0.01
 
 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forfeited
 
(11,000)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
 
39,000
 
$
0.01
 
 
1.50
 

Note 7.
Leases
 
                The current facilities lease is for a term of three years terminating on October 31, 2016. The lease provides for initial annual rental payments of approximately $ 51,000 , increasing each year to reach $ 54,000 in the final year of the lease. Total rental expense related to the Company’s headquarters location during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $ 135,000 and $ 142,000 , respectively.  
 
 
F-14

 
                Future minimum annual lease payments under these leases as of December 31, 2012 are:
 
 
 
 
Operating
 
Year
 
 
Leases
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
2014
 
$
51
 
2015
 
 
53
 
2016
 
 
45
 
2017
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
Total
 
$
149
 

Note 8.
Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31, :  
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
Federal
 
$
 
$
 
State and local
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total income tax expense
 
$
 
$
 
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
Current
 
 
 
Deferred
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Income Tax Expense
 
 
 
 
For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the provision for income taxes differs from the expected tax provision computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate to income before taxes as a result of the following:
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statutory U.S. federal rate
 
(34.0)
%
(34.0)
%
Permanent differences
 
 
 
Valuation allowance
 
34.0
%
34.0
%
Provision for income tax expense(benefit)
 
0.0
%
0.0
%
 
The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
 
 
 
2013
 
 
2012
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Deferred Tax Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards
 
$
30,317
 
$
30,288
 
Non-cash compensation
 
 
1,250
 
 
1,043
 
Writedown of intangibles
 
 
63
 
 
63
 
Accrued Liabilities
 
 
86
 
 
71
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Deferred Tax Assets
 
 
31,716
 
 
31,465
 
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Net Deferred Tax Asset
 
 
31,716
 
 
31,465
 
Valuation Allowance
 
 
(31,716)
 
 
(31,465)
 
Net Deferred Tax Asset
 
$
 
$
 
 
 
F-15

 
At December 31, 2013 and 2012 , CytoCore had net operating loss carry forwards for U.S. federal income tax of approximately $ 71.8  million and $ 71.2 million and state income tax of approximately $ 84.8  million and $ 84.7 million respectively, which will begin to expire in 2018 and 2017 , respectively.   In September 2001, the Company acquired 100 % of the outstanding stock of AccMed International, Inc. by means of merger of AccuMed into a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.   AccuMed had a net operating loss carry forward for U.S. federal income tax purposes.   For federal tax purposes, the acquired NOL is subject to limitation as prescribed under IRC Section 382 to approximately $ 6.2 million.    The net operating loss carry forward began expiring at approximately $ 415,000 per year, starting December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2013 total net operating loss carry forward from AccuMed is approximately $ 2.0 million.  
 
For financial reporting purposes, the entire amount of deferred tax assets related principally to the net operating loss carry forwards has been offset by a valuation allowance due to uncertainty regarding the realization of the assets. The valuation allowance increased by approximately $ 0.3 million and $ 0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
Tax Uncertainties
 
The Company follows the provisions of FASC 740-10 in accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. This guidance prescribes recognition and measurement parameters for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s tax return.   For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.   The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.  
 
The Company has analyzed filing positions in all of the federal and state jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as open tax years in these jurisdictions. The periods subject to examination for the Company’s tax returns are for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions would be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded.
 
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits (in millions):
 
 
 
Amount
 
Gross Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2012
 
$
 
Increases in tax positions for current year
 
 
 
Settlements
 
 
 
Lapse in statute of limitations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013
 
$
 
 
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax including state and local jurisdictions.   Currently, no federal or state income tax returns are under examination by the respective taxing jurisdictions.  
 
The Company’s accounting policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.   The Company has not accrued interest for any periods.

Note 9.
Commitments and contingencies
 
Legal Proceedings  
 
Settled in 2013
 
None
 
Pending as of December 31, 2013
 
None
 
 
F-16

 
Other claims
 
                Other Creditors.   CCI was a party to a number of other proceedings, informal demands, or debt for services brought by former unsecured creditors to collect past due amounts for services. CCI is attempting to settle these demands and unfilled claims.   CCI does not consider any of these claims to be material.  
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded a write off totaling $ 214,000 of trade debt deemed uncollectible by the holder due the expiration of the statute limitations. This adjustment was recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administration.
 
Also, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company liquidated all of its subsidiaries. As a result, the Company recognized a benefit totaling $ 149,000 .
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded a write off totaling $ 554,000 of trade debt deemed uncollectible by the holder due the expiration of the statute limitations. This adjustment was recorded as a reduction of selling, general and administration.
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company entered into a settlement with a vendor to pay $ 32,000 . As a result, the vendor forgave $ 15,000 of debt. The settlement was recorded as a reduction in Research and Development expense.
 
Commitments
 
                As a result of cash constraints experienced by the Company, the Illinois Franchise Taxes due for the year 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010 and 2009 have not been filed or   paid. CCI believes that it has made adequate provision for the liability including penalties and interest.

Note 10 .                  Related Party Transactions
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company was advanced $ 159,500 from related parties. These advance are payable upon demand and are non-interest bearing.
 
                During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company was advanced $ 639,000 from related parties. These advance are payable upon demand and are non-interest bearing.
 
                In 2013 and 2012 the Company recorded interest expense of $ 97,000 and $ 231,000 , respectively, with a corresponding entry to additional paid in capital as the amounts advanced to the Company did not have a stated interest rate.

Note 11.
Subsequent Event
 
On January 11, 2014, the “Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Medite Enterprises, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Medite”), Medite GMBH, a corporation organized under the laws of Germany and wholly owned by Medite (the “Subsidiary”), and the sole shareholders of Medite (collectively, the “Shareholders”).
 
Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company is to acquire 100 % of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Medite from the Shareholders in exchange for the issuance of 1,500,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to the Shareholders. The Agreement also provides that the Shareholders will indemnify the Company for certain losses during the one year period following the closing. In connection with such indemnification rights, the Agreement provides that 375,000,000 of the Shares will be deposited with the Company and held for a period of 12 months to cover certain indemnification claims that the Company may have against the Shareholders.
 
 
F-17

 
Closing of the Acquisition was conditioned upon: (i) the completion of a private placement transaction   from the sale of debt or equity securities resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of $ 2 million (the “Private Placement”), and (ii) the conversion of certain accrued wages of the Company into shares of the Company’s common stock. In addition, as of the closing, there was to be no more than 1,875,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding exclusive of any shares of the Company’s common stock issued in connection with the Private Placement.
 
The Agreement could be terminated by: (i) the mutual agreement of the parties, (ii) by any of the parties if the closing of the Acquisition had not occurred by March 15, 2014, or (iii) by any of the parties if any governmental authority had taken any action prohibiting any material portion of the Acquisition.
 
On March  15 , 2014, the parties mutually agreed to amend the Agreement and extend the closing of the Acquisition until April 3, 2014.
 
Subsequently, the Company and Medite agreed to amended the Stock Purchase Agreement to reduce the amount required to be received through the Private Placement of the Company’s equity or debt securities prior to closing to $ 1,250,000 and increase the total of the Private Placement to $ 2,500,000 .
 
On April 3, 2014, the Company acquired 100 % of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Medite and issued 1,468,750,000 of the Company’s common stock to the Shareholders.   Also, the Company issued 69,723,439 shares of common stock as payment for approximately $ 1.6 million in accrued wages owed by the Company.
 
Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition of Medite, the Company had an initial closing of the Private Placement.     Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement the Company issued 95,587,500 shares of common stock to accredited investors at an aggregate gross purchase price of $ 1,529,400 . In conjunction with the issuance of the common stock, the Company paid cash commissions of $ 46,298 , or 7 %, to a placement agent.
 
In January 2014 the Chief financial officer advanced the Company $ 17,000 .
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2014, the Company raised gross proceeds of $ 30,000 in a private placement of its common stock at $ 0.02 per share.    
 
 
F-18

 
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