See page 5 for US Dollar and Sterling hedging rates incurred in Q1 and Q2 2015 and forecast hedging rates applicable for the remainder of the year.

 
Overview of FX rates      As at 30 June    Average over 6 months 
----------------------  ---------------  ----------------------- 
Foreign currency rate      2015    2014         2015        2014 
----------------------  -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
euro/US Dollar             1.12    1.36         1.13        1.37 
----------------------  -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
euro/ UK Sterling          0.71    0.80         0.74        0.82 
----------------------  -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
 

Net exceptional items

A net exceptional credit of EUR0.4 million was incurred in H1 2015 comprising:

-- Termination costs of EUR7.9 million of which EUR7.3m relates to the voluntary severance scheme launched during 2015.

-- EUR4.3 million costs in relation to professional and advisory fees relating to the IASS pension solution and the IAG offer. In H1 2014 the comparative professional and advisory fees of EUR1.9 million were mainly related to the IASS pension solution.

These costs were offset by:

   --      A post retirement income streaming release of EUR11.3 million. 
   --      A EUR1.3 million profit on the disposal of an investment. 

See Note 9 for further details.

 
Finance income and expenses 
 
EUR million                   H1 2015  H1 2014    % movement 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Finance income                    4.1      5.2       (21.2%) 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Finance expense                 (5.7)    (7.2)         20.8% 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Net finance expense             (1.7)    (2.1)         19.0% 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Average gross cash              985.9    992.0        (0.6%) 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Average gross debt              384.9    465.4         17.3% 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Average interest rate: 
----------------------------  -------  -------  ------------ 
Deposit                         0.74%    0.92%    (0.2)  ppt 
----------------------------  -------  -------  -------  --- 
Debt                            2.52%    2.52%        -  ppt 
----------------------------  -------  -------  -------  --- 
 

Net finance expense for H1 2015 was EUR1.7 million (H1 2014: expense of EUR2.1 million) due to lower finance lease obligations as scheduled debt repayments continued during the year with total repayments of EUR42.5 million. Interest rates applicable to finance leases remained at 2.5%. Finance income decreased by EUR1.1 million mainly reflecting the impact of lower average deposit interest rates.

Tax charge

There was a tax credit for the period of EUR2.2 million (H1 2014: EUR1.8 million) reflecting the application of the estimated full year effective income tax rate of 14.6% to the results for the first half.

 
Cash flow, cash and debt 
 
EUR million                          30-Jun-15  31-Dec-14  30-Jun-14 
---------------------------------  -----------  ---------  --------- 
Gross cash                             1,013.1      935.5    1,034.4 
---------------------------------  -----------  ---------  --------- 
Gross debt                             (371.5)    (390.2)    (448.7) 
---------------------------------  -----------  ---------  --------- 
Net cash                                 641.6      545.3      585.7 
---------------------------------  -----------  ---------  --------- 
Significant cash flow movements in the 
 six months to 30 June 2015 are as follows: 
 
Movements in gross cash                                  EUR million 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Cash from operations (Note 24)                                 286.7 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
FX on deposits                                                  20.7 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Cash from operations (adjusted for FX in 
 deposits)                                                     307.4 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Purchase of non-current assets- net                           (34.6) 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Net interest received                                            1.8 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Free cash flow                                                 274.7 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Debt repayments                                               (42.5) 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Movement in once-off pension contribution                    (135.1) 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Interest accrued                                                 0.7 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Dividend paid                                                 (26.7) 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Disposal on investment                                           1.4 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Exchange gain on cash & cash equivalents                         5.1 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Net movement on gross cash                                      77.6 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Gross cash at 31 December 2014                                 935.5 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
Gross cash at 30 June 2015                                   1,013.1 
----------------------------------------------  -------------------- 
 

Overall gross cash at 30 June 2015 of EUR1,013.1million is EUR21.3 million lower than June 2014. At 30 June 2015 EUR76.7 million of gross cash was deemed restricted (of which EUR55.6 million related to funds held in escrow for the once off pension contribution). As at 27 July 2015 EUR53.4 million remained in escrow. See note 19 for details.

Free cash flow of EUR274.7 million is EUR82.9 million higher than the prior year (H1 2014: EUR191.8 million) driven predominately by stronger working capital inflows due to advance passenger booking revenues. Significant cash outflows in the period included finance lease repayments of EUR42.5 million, capital expenditure of EUR34.6 million and EUR26.7 million in respect of dividends paid in May 2015. The Group also benefited from FX gains on operating cash flows and US Dollar denominated cash reserves held on deposit. During the period the Group made steady progress in implementing the IASS pension solution with EUR135.1 million of the EUR190.7 million once-off contribution transferred to individuals' new defined pension scheme accounts upon execution of waivers (see notes 19 and 21 for further details).

 
Movements in gross debt          EUR million 
-------------------------------  ----------- 
Gross debt at 31 December 2014         390.2 
-------------------------------  ----------- 
Interest accrued                         2.1 
-------------------------------  ----------- 
Debt repaid                           (42.5) 
-------------------------------  ----------- 
FX                                      21.7 
-------------------------------  ----------- 
Gross debt at 30 June 2015             371.5 
-------------------------------  ----------- 
 

Gross debt comprises finance leases secured on individual aircraft. At 30 June 2015, approximately 63% of gross debt was denominated in US Dollar. The appreciation of the US Dollar over the euro throughout H1 2015 increased our gross debt by EUR21.7 million. At any one time, the Group holds an amount of gross cash in US Dollar in excess of our gross debt to mitigate the potential impact of FX on the financial statements. Scheduled finance lease repayments led to one lease becoming unencumbered in the six months.

Debt repayment profile

The Aer Lingus debt maturity profile extends until 2023. In H1 2015, the Group made finance lease repayments of EUR42.5 million. In the second half of 2015, Aer Lingus expects to make further repayments of EUR58.7 million which will result in an additional two aircraft becoming unencumbered.The Group's finance lease repayment schedule from 2016 through the remainder of the lease terms (excluding interest), at the 30 June 2015 US Dollar/euro FX rate of US Dollar $1.12 is as follows:

 
EUR million     2016  2017  2018  2019   2020  2021 to 
                                                 2023 
--------------  ----  ----  ----  -----  ----  ------- 
Finance lease 
 repayments     29.3  30.8  74.7  123.8  20.3   33.7 
--------------  ----  ----  ----  -----  ----  ------- 
 

Principal risks and uncertainties

The principal risks and uncertainties to which Aer Lingus is exposed and which are disclosed on pages 29 to 33 of the Group's annual report for the year ended 31 December 2014 continue to apply. They include our ability to respond to volatility in commodity costs, investor relations risks, competition risks and our ability to continue to deliver a product which appeals to our customers, the risk of on-going organisational changes and industrial relations, IT infrastructure risks, potential for operational disruptions and fleet management risks.

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