Form 8-K - Current report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 23, 2024

Crown Castle Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

001-16441

76-0470458

(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

8020 Katy Freeway, Houston, Texas 77024

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713) 570-3000


(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):


☐						Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
☐						Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
☐						Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
☐						Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	CCI	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

ITEM 2.02 — RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

On January 24, 2024, Crown Castle Inc. ("Company") issued a press release disclosing its financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023. A copy of the press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1.

ITEM 5.02 — DEPARTURE OF DIRECTORS OR CERTAIN OFFICERS; ELECTION OF DIRECTORS; APPOINTMENT OF CERTAIN OFFICERS; COMPENSATORY ARRANGEMENTS OF CERTAIN OFFICERS

(c) On January 23, 2024, the Company's board of directors ("Board") appointed Michael J. Kavanagh, age 55, as the Company's Executive Vice President ("EVP") and Chief Operating Officer ("COO")–Towers and appointed Christopher D. Levendos, age 56, as the Company's EVP and COO–Fiber, each effective immediately.

Mr. Kavanagh served as the Company's EVP and Chief Commercial Officer since January 2017. Previously, Mr. Kavanagh served as the Company's President–Small Cell Sales from September 2010 to January 2017.

Mr. Levendos served as the Company's EVP and COO, overseeing both operating segments, since November 2023. Mr. Levendos also served as the Company's EVP and COO–Fiber from December 2020 to November 2023 and acted as the interim EVP and COO–Towers from October 2023 to November 2023. Previously, Mr. Levendos served as the Company's Vice President of Fiber Operations from June 2018 to December 2020.

There are no arrangements or undertakings pursuant to which Mr. Levendos and Mr. Kavanagh were selected as EVP and COO–Fiber and EVP and COO–Towers, respectively. There are no family relationships among any of the Company's directors or executive officers and either appointee. There are no related party transactions involving Mr. Levendos and Mr. Kavanagh that are reportable under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. There are no plans, contracts or arrangements that are entered into or amended and no grants or awards have been made or modified in connection with the appointments of Mr. Levendos and Mr. Kavanagh.

(e) Effective January 23, 2024, the Board determined to retain and continue the appointment of Daniel K. Schlanger in his current role as the Company's EVP and Chief Financial Officer beyond the previously announced termination date of March 31, 2024 ("Termination Date"). In connection with the retention decision, the Company entered into an agreement with Mr. Schlanger, dated January 23, 2024, pursuant to which the Company granted to Mr. Schlanger time based restricted stock units relating to 21,085 shares of underlying Company common stock ("RSUs"), with terms providing for 11,486 of such RSUs to vest on September 30, 2024, and 9,599 of such RSUs scheduled to vest on December 31, 2024 subject to Mr. Schlanger's continued employment with the Company on such date (collectively, "Retention Awards"). The RSUs were granted under the Company's 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended. The Retention Awards were based on the Board's evaluation of market benchmarks, potential incentives Mr. Schlanger could have received if he were to accept an external offer, and the costs associated with attracting a highly qualified new CFO. At this time, no further adjustments have been made to Mr. Schlanger's compensation, benefits or outstanding equity grants.

ITEM 7.01 — REGULATION FD DISCLOSURE

The press release referenced in Item 2.02 above refers to certain supplemental information that was posted as a supplemental information package on the Company's website on January 24, 2024. The supplemental information package is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.2.

ITEM 9.01 — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

(d) Exhibits

Exhibit Index


Exhibit No.						Description
99.1						Press Release dated January 24 , 2024
99.2						Supplemental Information Package for period ended De cember 3 1 , 2023
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

The information in Items 2.02 and 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K ("Form 8-K") and Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 attached hereto are furnished as part of this Form 8-K and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall such information or exhibits be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

CROWN CASTLE INC.

By:

/s/ Edward B. Adams, Jr.

Name:

Edward B. Adams, Jr.

Title:

Executive Vice President and General Counsel

Date: January 24, 2024

Exhibit 99.1


						NEWS RELEASE January 24, 2024


			Contacts: Dan Schlanger, CFO
			Kris Hinson, VP Corp Finance & Treasurer
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE			Crown Castle Inc.
			713-570-3050

CROWN CASTLE REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER 2023 AND FULL YEAR 2023 RESULTS, MAINTAINS OUTLOOK FOR FULL YEAR 2024

January 24, 2024 - HOUSTON, TEXAS - Crown Castle Inc. (NYSE: CCI) ("Crown Castle") today reported results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023 and maintained its full year 2024 outlook, as reflected in the table below.


	Full Year 2024		Full Year 2023
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	Current Outlook Midpoint(a)	Midpoint Growth Rate Compared to Full Year 2023 Actual	Actual	Actual Growth Rate Compared to Full Year 2022 Actual

Site rental revenues	$6,370	(2)%	$6,532	4%
Net income (loss)	$1,253	(17)%	$1,502	(10)%
Net income (loss) per share—diluted	$2.88	(17)%	$3.46	(10)%
Adjusted EBITDA(b)	$4,163	(6)%	$4,415	2%
AFFO(b)	$3,005	(8)%	$3,277	2%
AFFO per share(b)	$6.91	(8)%	$7.55	2%

(a)As issued on January 24, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on October 18, 2023.

(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.

"Crown Castle delivered 2023 results in line with our expectations, including site rental billings, Adjusted EBITDA, and AFFO. We generated full-year tower organic revenue growth of 5%, achieved 8,000 new small cell nodes for the year, with 2,000 additional nodes completed that are expected to begin billing in first quarter 2024, and returned to year-over-year fiber solutions revenue growth of approximately 3% in the fourth quarter," said Tony Melone, Crown Castle's Interim Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). "Looking forward, my focus is on delivering on our 2024 Outlook and continuing to serve our customers with excellence, while at the same time supporting the ongoing strategic review of our Fiber business and providing stability through our CEO transition period."

RESULTS FOR THE YEAR

The table below sets forth select financial results for the year ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 2


	Actual				Previous 2023 Outlook Midpoint(b)	Actual Compared to Previous Outlook Midpoint
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2023	2022	Change	% Change
Site rental revenues	$6,532	$6,289	$243	4%	$6,511	$21
Net income (loss)	$1,502	$1,675	$(173)	(10)%	$1,469	$33
Net income (loss) per share—diluted	$3.46	$3.86	$(0.40)	(10)%	$3.38	$0.08
Adjusted EBITDA(a)	$4,415	$4,340	$75	2%	$4,422	$(7)
AFFO(a)	$3,277	$3,200	$77	2%	$3,279	$(2)
AFFO per share(a)	$7.55	$7.38	$0.17	2%	$7.54	$0.01

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.

(b)As issued October 18, 2023.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE YEAR

•Site rental revenues. Site rental revenues grew 4%, or $243 million, from full year 2022 to full year 2023, inclusive of approximately $361 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, a $136 million decrease in straight-lined revenues, and a $15 million increase in amortization of prepaid rent. The $361 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, which includes $170 million net contribution from Sprint Cancellations, represents 6.8% growth, or 4.0% when adjusted for the impact of Sprint Cancellations.

•Net income. Net income for the full year 2023 was $1.5 billion compared to $1.7 billion for the full year 2022, and included $85 million of charges incurred during the year related to our restructuring plan announced in July 2023.

•Adjusted EBITDA. Full year 2023 Adjusted EBITDA was $4.4 billion compared to $4.3 billion for the full year 2022, representing 2% growth.

•AFFO and AFFO per share. Full year 2023 AFFO was $3.3 billion, or $7.55 per share, representing growth from the full year 2022 of 2%.

•Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures during the year were $1.4 billion, comprised of $1.3 billion of discretionary capital expenditures and $83 million of sustaining capital expenditures. Discretionary capital expenditures included approximately $1.1 billion attributable to Fiber and $186 million attributable to Towers.

•Common stock dividend. During the year, Crown Castle paid common stock dividends of approximately $2.7 billion in the aggregate, or $6.26 per common share, an increase of 4.7% on a per share basis compared to the same period a year ago.

•Financing activity. In December 2023, Crown Castle issued $1.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes in a combination of 5-year and 10-year maturities with a weighted average maturity and coupon of approximately 8 years and 5.7%, respectively. Net proceeds from the senior notes offering were used to repay outstanding indebtedness under its commercial paper program and pay related fees and expenses.

"The growth delivered in 2023 across towers, small cells, and fiber solutions demonstrates our customers' continued demand for our assets, and we are well positioned to execute on our expectations for 2024," stated Dan Schlanger, Crown Castle's Chief Financial Officer. "In December, we issued $1.5 billion of long-term fixed rate debt at a weighted average interest rate of 5.7%, allowing us to end the year with more than 90% fixed rate debt, a weighted average debt maturity of 8 years, limited maturities through 2024, and more than $6 billion of available liquidity under our revolving credit facility."

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 3

FIBER STRATEGIC REVIEW AND CEO SEARCH

The Fiber Review Committee of Crown Castle's Board of Directors ("Board") is progressing the strategic and operating review of the fiber business with the goal of enhancing stockholder value. Concurrently, the Board's CEO Search Committee is conducting a thorough search to identify Crown Castle's next CEO. The Company will provide updates as developments warrant.

MANAGEMENT CHANGES

Crown Castle announced today that Dan Schlanger will remain in his role as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The Company previously announced Mr. Schlanger would depart on March 31, 2024.

"The Board and I, together with Dan, agreed it would be best for him to continue serving as Crown Castle’s CFO," said Mr. Melone. "Dan has been a valuable member of our executive leadership team and has made significant contributions over the past seven years. His expertise and leadership are important as we position the Company for success in 2024 and beyond, in addition to providing continuity during our CEO search process. We are thankful for Dan’s ongoing service and commitment to Crown Castle."

Crown Castle also announced that Mike Kavanagh, currently its Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer, has been appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer ("COO") for Towers, and Chris Levendos will serve as Executive Vice President and COO for Fiber, the position he held for several years. Operations and sales responsibilities will be consolidated under each COO by respective segment.

"I believe this leadership structure provides an enhanced focus on generating the highest returns in each business segment and will best enable us to maximize value across our portfolio. I am confident that Mike and Chris will help us execute our strategy and drive stockholder value," stated Mr. Melone.

OUTLOOK

This Outlook section contains forward-looking statements, and actual results may differ materially. Information regarding potential risks which could cause actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements herein is set forth below and in Crown Castle's filings with the SEC.

The following table sets forth Crown Castle's current full year 2024 Outlook, which remains unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 4


(in millions, except per share amounts)	Full Year 2024
Site rental billings(a)		$5,740	to	$5,780
Amortization of prepaid rent		$410	to	$435
Straight-lined revenues		$175	to	$200
Site rental revenues		$6,347	to	$6,392
Site rental costs of operations(b)		$1,686	to	$1,731
Services and other gross margin		$65	to	$95
Net income (loss)		$1,213	to	$1,293
Net income (loss) per share—diluted		$2.79	to	$2.97
Adjusted EBITDA(c)		$4,138	to	$4,188
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		$1,680	to	$1,775
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(d)		$933	to	$978
FFO(c)		$2,951	to	$2,996
AFFO(c)		$2,980	to	$3,030
AFFO per share(c)		$6.85	to	$6.97

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.

(b)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.

(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense."

•Full year 2023 site rental revenues were $21 million above the 2023 Outlook at the midpoint, inclusive of approximately $5 million of higher-than-expected Towers revenue in the fourth quarter not expected to recur in 2024. Our 2024 Outlook remains unchanged and year-over-year core leasing activity is expected to be within the growth ranges below.

•The chart below reconciles the components contributing to expected 2024 growth in site rental revenues. Full year consolidated site rental billings growth, excluding the impact of Sprint Cancellations, is expected to be 5%, inclusive of 4.5% from towers, 13% from small cells, and 3% from fiber solutions.

•The chart below reconciles the components contributing to the year over year change to 2024 AFFO.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 5

•The full year 2024 Outlook for discretionary capital expenditures and prepaid rent additions remains unchanged. Expected discretionary capital expenditures are $1.5 billion to $1.6 billion, including approximately $1.4 billion in the Fiber segment and $180 million in the Towers segment, and prepaid rent additions are expected to be approximately $430 million in 2024, including $350 million from Fiber and $80 million from Towers.

Additional information is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of our website.

CONFERENCE CALL DETAILS

Crown Castle has scheduled a conference call for Thursday, January 25, 2024, at 10:30 a.m. Eastern time to discuss its full year 2023 results. A listen only live audio webcast of the conference call, along with supplemental materials for the call, can be accessed on the Crown Castle website at https://investor.crowncastle.com. Participants may join the conference call by dialing 833-816-1115 (Toll Free) or 412-317-0694 (International) at least 30 minutes prior to the start time. All dial-in participants should ask to join the Crown Castle call.

A replay of the webcast will be available on the Investor page of Crown Castle's website until end of day, Saturday, January 25, 2025.

ABOUT CROWN CASTLE

Crown Castle owns, operates and leases more than 40,000 cell towers and approximately 90,000 route miles of fiber supporting small cells and fiber solutions across every major U.S. market. This nationwide portfolio of communications infrastructure connects cities and communities to essential data, technology and wireless service - bringing information, ideas and innovations to the people and businesses that need them. For more information on Crown Castle, please visit www.crowncastle.com.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 6

Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information

This press release includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, and Net Debt, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).

Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other real estate investment trusts ("REITs").

In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures used herein, we also provide segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit, which are key measures used by management to evaluate our operating segments. These segment measures are provided pursuant to GAAP requirements related to segment reporting. In addition, we provide the components of certain GAAP measures, such as site rental revenues and capital expenditures.

Our non-GAAP financial measures are presented as additional information because management believes these measures are useful indicators of the financial performance of our business. Among other things, management believes that:

•Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of the communications infrastructure sector and other REITs to measure financial performance without regard to items such as depreciation, amortization and accretion, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.

•AFFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as it includes (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock (in periods where applicable)) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and excludes the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations or rent free periods, the revenues or expenses are recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that Crown Castle uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.

•FFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily real estate depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by Crown Castle. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 7

•Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over-year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, core leasing activities and tenant non-renewals in our core business, as well as to forecast future results. Separately, we are also disclosing Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, which is outside of ordinary course, to provide further insight into our results of operations and underlying trends. Management believes that identifying the impact for Sprint Cancellations provides increased transparency and comparability across periods. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.

•Net Debt is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our overall debt position and future debt capacity. Management uses Net Debt in assessing our leverage. Net Debt is not meant as an alternative measure of debt and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus restructuring charges (credits), asset write-down charges, acquisition and integration costs, depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, interest income, other (income) expense, (benefit) provision for income taxes, net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and stock-based compensation expense, net.

AFFO. We define AFFO as FFO before straight-lined revenues, straight-lined expenses, stock-based compensation expense, net, non-cash portion of tax provision, non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of non-cash interest expense, other (income) expense, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, acquisition and integration costs, restructuring charges (credits), net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and adjustments for noncontrolling interests, less sustaining capital expenditures.

AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.

FFO. We define FFO as net income (loss) plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion and asset write-down charges, less noncontrolling interest and cash paid for preferred stock dividends (in periods where applicable), and is a measure of funds from operations attributable to common stockholders.

FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings. We define Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as the sum of the change in site rental revenues related to core leasing activity, escalators and payments for Sprint Cancellations, less non-renewals of tenant contracts and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations. Additionally, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations reflects Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings less payments for Sprint Cancellations, plus non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations.

Net Debt. We define Net Debt as (1) debt and other long-term obligations and (2) current maturities of debt and other obligations, excluding unamortized adjustments, net; less cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.

Segment Measures

Segment site rental gross margin. We define segment site rental gross margin as segment site rental revenues less segment site rental costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net and amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments recorded in consolidated site rental costs of operations.

Segment services and other gross margin. We define segment services and other gross margin as segment services and other revenues less segment services and other costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net recorded in consolidated services and other costs of operations.

Segment operating profit. We define segment operating profit as segment site rental gross margin plus segment services and other gross margin, less segment selling, general and administrative expenses.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 8

All of these measurements of profit or loss are exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.

Other Definitions

Site rental billings. We define site rental billings as site rental revenues exclusive of the impacts from (1) straight-lined revenues, (2) amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (3) contribution from recent acquisitions until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.

Core leasing activity. We define core leasing activity as site rental revenues growth from tenant additions across our entire portfolio and renewals or extensions of tenant contracts, exclusive of (1) the impacts from both straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (2) payments for Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.

Non-renewals. We define non-renewals of tenant contracts as the reduction in site rental revenues as a result of tenant churn, terminations and, in limited circumstances, reductions of existing lease rates, exclusive of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.

Discretionary capital expenditures. We define discretionary capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made with respect to activities which we believe exhibit sufficient potential to enhance long-term stockholder value. They primarily consist of expansion or development of communications infrastructure (including capital expenditures related to (1) enhancing communications infrastructure in order to add new tenants for the first time or support subsequent tenant equipment augmentations or (2) modifying the structure of a communications infrastructure asset to accommodate additional tenants) and construction of new communications infrastructure. Discretionary capital expenditures also include purchases of land interests (which primarily relates to land assets under towers as we seek to manage our interests in the land beneath our towers), certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale future customer demand for our communications infrastructure, and other capital projects.

Sustaining capital expenditures. We define sustaining capital expenditures as those capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as discretionary capital expenditures, such as (1) maintenance capital expenditures on our communications infrastructure assets that enable our tenants' ongoing quiet enjoyment of the communications infrastructure and (2) ordinary corporate capital expenditures.

Sprint Cancellations. We define Sprint Cancellations as lease cancellations related to the previously disclosed T-Mobile US, Inc. and Sprint network consolidation as described in our press release dated April 19, 2023.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 9

Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Twelve Months Ended
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net income (loss)	$	361	$	413	$	1,502	$	1,675
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss):
Asset write-down charges	3		8		33		34
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1		1		2
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	439		431		1,754		1,707
Restructuring charges	13		—		85		—
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments	4		4		16		16
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(a)	223		192		850		699
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	—		—		—		28
Interest income	(5)		(2)		(15)		(3)
Other (income) expense	2		5		6		10
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	5		2		26		16
Stock-based compensation expense, net	31		36		157		156
Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)	$	1,076	$	1,090	$	4,415	$	4,340

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:


	Full Year 2024
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Outlook(e)
Net income (loss)		$1,213	to	$1,293
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss):
Asset write-down charges		$42	to	$52
Acquisition and integration costs		$0	to	$6
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		$1,680	to	$1,775
Restructuring charges		$0	to	$15
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments		$15	to	$17
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(d)		$933	to	$978
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations		$0	to	$0
Interest income		$(12)	to	$(11)
Other (income) expense		$0	to	$9
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		$20	to	$28
Stock-based compensation expense, net		$142	to	$146
Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)		$4,138	to	$4,188

(a)See the reconciliation of "Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(b)See discussion and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(c)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

(d)See the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(e)As issued on January 24, 2024.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 10

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO:


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Twelve Months Ended
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net income (loss)	$	361	$	413	$	1,502	$	1,675
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	426		417		1,692		1,653
Asset write-down charges	3		8		33		34

FFO(a)(b)	$	790	$	838	$	3,227	$	3,362
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434


FFO (from above)	$	790	$	838	$	3,227	$	3,362
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues	(51)		(85)		(274)		(410)
Straight-lined expenses	17		18		73		73
Stock-based compensation expense, net	31		36		157		156
Non-cash portion of tax provision	—		2		8		6
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	13		14		62		54
Amortization of non-cash interest expense	3		3		14		14
Other (income) expense	2		5		6		10
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	—		—		—		28
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1		1		2
Restructuring charges	13		—		85		—
Sustaining capital expenditures	(28)		(30)		(83)		(95)
AFFO(a)(b)	$	790	$	802	$	3,277	$	3,200
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 11

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO per share:


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Twelve Months Ended
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net income (loss)	$	0.83	$	0.95	$	3.46	$	3.86
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	0.98		0.96		3.90		3.81
Asset write-down charges	0.01		0.02		0.08		0.08

FFO(a)(b)	$	1.82	$	1.93	$	7.43	$	7.75
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434


FFO (from above)	$	1.82	$	1.93	$	7.43	$	7.75
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues	(0.12)		(0.20)		(0.63)		(0.94)
Straight-lined expenses	0.04		0.04		0.17		0.17
Stock-based compensation expense, net	0.07		0.08		0.36		0.36
Non-cash portion of tax provision	—		—		0.02		0.01
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	0.03		0.03		0.14		0.12
Amortization of non-cash interest expense	0.01		0.01		0.03		0.03
Other (income) expense	—		0.01		0.01		0.02
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	—		—		—		0.06
Acquisition and integration costs	—		—		—		0.01
Restructuring charges	0.03		—		0.20		—
Sustaining capital expenditures	(0.06)		(0.07)		(0.19)		(0.22)
AFFO(a)(b)	$	1.82	$	1.85	$	7.55	$	7.38
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 12

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO:


	Full Year 2024
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Outlook(a)
Net income (loss)		$1,213	to	$1,293
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$1,634	to	$1,714
Asset write-down charges		$42	to	$52
FFO(b)(c)		$2,951	to	$2,996
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435


FFO (from above)		$2,951	to	$2,996
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues		$(197)	to	$(177)
Straight-lined expenses		$55	to	$75
Stock-based compensation expense, net		$142	to	$146
Non-cash portion of tax provision		$2	to	$17
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$46	to	$61
Amortization of non-cash interest expense		$9	to	$19
Other (income) expense		$0	to	$9
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations		$0	to	$0
Acquisition and integration costs		$0	to	$6
Restructuring charges		$0	to	$15
Sustaining capital expenditures		$(85)	to	$(65)
AFFO(b)(c)		$2,980	to	$3,030
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO per share:


	Full Year 2024
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Outlook per share(a)
Net income (loss)		$2.79	to	$2.97
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$3.76	to	$3.94
Asset write-down charges		$0.10	to	$0.12
FFO(b)(c)		$6.78	to	$6.89
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435


FFO (from above)		$6.78	to	$6.89
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues		$(0.45)	to	$(0.41)
Straight-lined expenses		$0.13	to	$0.17
Stock-based compensation expense, net		$0.33	to	$0.34
Non-cash portion of tax provision		$0.00	to	$0.04
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$0.11	to	$0.14
Amortization of non-cash interest expense		$0.02	to	$0.04
Other (income) expense		$0.00	to	$0.02
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations		$0.00	to	$0.00
Acquisition and integration costs		$0.00	to	$0.01
Restructuring charges		$0.00	to	$0.03
Sustaining capital expenditures		$(0.20)	to	$(0.15)
AFFO(b)(c)		$6.85	to	$6.97
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435

(a)As issued on January 24, 2024.

(b)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(c)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 13

Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for the Quarters Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	2023			2022
Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings(a)	$	1,348		$	1,290

Core leasing activity(a)	79			73
Escalators	24			27
Non-renewals(a)	(36)			(43)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	67			57
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	10			—
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	(7)			—
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	70			57
Straight-lined revenues	51			85
Amortization of prepaid rent	134			145
Acquisitions(c)	1			1
Other	—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	1,603		$	1,578

Year-over-year changes in revenues:
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	1.6		%	7.1		%
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings:


Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	4.9		%	4.3		%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	5.2		%	4.3		%

(a)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(b)In the fourth quarter 2023, we received $2 million and $8 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and $5 million and $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.

(c)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 14

Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for Full Year 2023 Actual and Current Outlook for Full Year 2024:


(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Full Year 2023			Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)
Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)	$	5,310		$5,505
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)	—			$170
Prior year site rental billings(b)	5,310			$5,675

Core leasing activity(b)	275				$305	to	$335
Escalators	96				$95	to	$105
Non-renewals(b)	(158)				$(165)	to	$(145)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(b)	212				$245	to	$285
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c)	170				$(170)	to	$(160)
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(b)(c)	(21)				$(10)	to	$(10)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(b)	361				$70	to	$110
Straight-lined revenues	274				$175	to	$200
Amortization of prepaid rent	584				$410	to	$435
Acquisitions(d)	4			—
Other	—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	6,532			$6,347	to	$6,392

Year-over-year changes in revenues:(e)
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	3.9		%	(2.5)%


Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)	4.0		%	4.8%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b)	6.8		%	1.6%

(a)As issued on January 24, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on October 18, 2023.

(b)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(c)In 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.

(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.

(e)Calculated based on midpoint of respective full year Outlook, where applicable.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 15

Components of Capital Expenditures:(a)


	For the Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Towers		Fiber		Other		Total		Towers		Fiber		Other		Total
Discretionary capital expenditures:
Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects	$	21	$	288	$	7	$	316	$	29	$	307	$	7	$	343
Purchases of land interests	13		—		—		13		16		—		—		16
Sustaining capital expenditures	—		15		13		28		3		6		21		30

Total capital expenditures	$	34	$	303	$	20	$	357	$	48	$	313	$	28	$	389

	For the Twelve Months Ended
	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Towers		Fiber		Other		Total		Towers		Fiber		Other		Total
Discretionary capital expenditures:
Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects	$	122	$	1,131	$	24	$	1,277	$	121	$	1,017	$	24	$	1,162
Purchases of land interests	64		—		—		64		53		—		—		53
Sustaining capital expenditures	8		44		31		83		11		41		43		95

Total capital expenditures	$	194	$	1,175	$	55	$	1,424	$	185	$	1,058	$	67	$	1,310

Outlook for Discretionary Capital Expenditures Less Prepaid Rent Additions:(a)(d)

(in millions)

Full Year 2024 Outlook(b)

Discretionary capital expenditures

$1,530

$1,630

Less: Prepaid rent additions(c)

~$430

Discretionary capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions

$1,100

$1,200

Components of Interest Expense:


	For the Three Months Ended
(in millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest expense on debt obligations	$	220	$	189
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt	7		6
Capitalized interest	(4)		(3)
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net	$	223	$	192

Outlook for Components of Interest Expense:


(in millions)	Full Year 2024 Outlook(b)
Interest expense on debt obligations		$922	to	$962
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt		$20	to	$30
Capitalized interest		$(17)	to	$(7)
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net		$933	to	$978

(a)See our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(b)As issued on January 24, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on October 18, 2023.

(c)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.

(d)Outlook reflects discretionary capital expenditures, exclusive of sustaining capital expenditures. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 16

Debt Balances and Maturity Dates as of December 31, 2023:


(in millions)	Face Value(a)		Final Maturity
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	281

Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-2(b)	40		Aug. 2029
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2(c)	700		May 2045
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-2(c)	750		July 2048
Finance leases and other obligations	271		Various
Total secured debt	$	1,761
2016 Revolver(d)	670		July 2027
2016 Term Loan A(e)	1,162		July 2027
Commercial Paper Notes(f)	—		N/A
3.200% Senior Notes	750		Sept. 2024
1.350% Senior Notes	500		July 2025
4.450% Senior Notes	900		Feb. 2026
3.700% Senior Notes	750		June 2026
1.050% Senior Notes	1,000		July 2026
2.900% Senior Notes	750		Mar. 2027
4.000% Senior Notes	500		Mar. 2027
3.650% Senior Notes	1,000		Sept. 2027
5.000% Senior Notes	1,000		Jan. 2028
3.800% Senior Notes	1,000		Feb. 2028
4.800% Senior Notes	600		Sept. 2028
4.300% Senior Notes	600		Feb. 2029
5.600% Senior Notes	750		June 2029
3.100% Senior Notes	550		Nov. 2029
3.300% Senior Notes	750		July 2030
2.250% Senior Notes	1,100		Jan. 2031
2.100% Senior Notes	1,000		Apr. 2031
2.500% Senior Notes	750		July 2031
5.100% Senior Notes	750		May 2033
5.800% Senior Notes	750		Mar. 2034
2.900% Senior Notes	1,250		Apr. 2041
4.750% Senior Notes	350		May 2047
5.200% Senior Notes	400		Feb. 2049
4.000% Senior Notes	350		Nov. 2049
4.150% Senior Notes	500		July 2050
3.250% Senior Notes	900		Jan. 2051
Total unsecured debt	$	21,332
Net Debt(g)	$	22,812

(a)Net of required principal amortizations.

(b)The Senior Secured Notes, 2009-1, Class A-2 principal amortizes over a period ending in August 2029.

(c)If the respective series of Tower Revenue Notes are not paid in full on or prior to an applicable anticipated repayment date, then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, 2015-2 and 2018-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2025 and 2028, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid within eighteen months of maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.

(d)As of December 31, 2023, the undrawn availability under the $7.0 billion 2016 Revolver was $6.3 billion. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn available amount, which as of December 31, 2023 ranged from 0.080% to 0.300%, based on the Company's senior unsecured debt rating, per annum.

(e)The 2016 Term Loan A principal amortizes over a period ending in July 2027.

(f)As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $2.0 billion available for issuance under its $2.0 billion unsecured commercial paper program. The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes, when outstanding, may vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue.

(g)See further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 17

Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This news release contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our management's current expectations as of the date of this news release. Statements that are not historical facts are hereby identified as forward-looking statements. In addition, words such as "estimate," "see," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "expect," "likely," "predicted," "positioned," "continue," "target," "focus," and any variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements include our full year 2024 Outlook and plans, projections, expectations and estimates regarding (1) the value of our business model and strategy and the demand for our communications infrastructure, (2) revenue growth and its driving factors, (3) net income (loss) (including on a per share basis), (4) AFFO (including on a per share basis) and its components and growth, (5) Adjusted EBITDA and its components and growth, (6) Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) and its components and growth, (7) site rental revenues and its components and growth, (8) interest expense, (9) the impact of Sprint Cancellations on our operating and financial results, (10) services contribution, (11) the growth in our business and its driving factors, (12) discretionary capital expenditures, (13) prepaid rent additions and amortization, (14) core leasing activity, (15) site rental billings, (16) Fiber business review and the potential impacts and benefits therefrom, (17) small cell deployment, including timing and billing with respect thereto, and (18) leadership structure benefits. All future dividends are subject to declaration by our board of directors.

Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including prevailing market conditions and the following:

•Our business depends on the demand for our communications infrastructure (including towers, small cells and fiber), driven primarily by demand for data, and we may be adversely affected by any slowdown in such demand. Additionally, a reduction in the amount or change in the mix of network investment by our tenants may materially and adversely affect our business (including reducing demand for our communications infrastructure or services).

•A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from a small number of tenants, and the loss, consolidation or financial instability of any of such tenants may materially decrease revenues, reduce demand for our communications infrastructure and services and impact our dividend per share growth.

•The expansion or development of our business, including through acquisitions, increased product offerings or other strategic growth opportunities, may cause disruptions in our business, which may have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial results.

•Our Fiber segment has expanded rapidly, and the Fiber business model contains certain differences from our Towers business model, resulting in different operational risks. If we do not successfully operate our Fiber business model or identify or manage the related operational risks, such operations may produce results that are lower than anticipated.

•Failure to timely, efficiently and safely execute on our construction projects could adversely affect our business.

•New technologies may reduce demand for our communications infrastructure or negatively impact our revenues.

•If we fail to retain rights to our communications infrastructure, including the rights to land under our towers and the right-of-way and other agreements related to our small cells and fiber, our business may be adversely affected.

•Our services business has historically experienced significant volatility in demand, which reduces the predictability of our results.

•If radio frequency emissions from wireless handsets or equipment on our communications infrastructure are demonstrated to cause negative health effects, potential future claims could adversely affect our operations, costs or revenues.

•Cybersecurity breaches or other information technology disruptions could adversely affect our operations, business and reputation.

•Our business may be adversely impacted by climate-related events, natural disasters, including wildfires, and other unforeseen events.

•As a result of competition in our industry, we may find it more difficult to negotiate favorable rates on our new or renewing tenant contracts.

•New wireless technologies may not deploy or be adopted by tenants as rapidly or in the manner projected.

•Our focus on and disclosure of our Environmental, Social and Governance position, metrics, strategy, goals and initiatives expose us to potential litigation and other adverse effects to our business.

•We operate in a challenging labor market and failure to attract, recruit and retain qualified and experienced employees could adversely affect our business, operations and costs.

•Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to react to changes in our business, and the terms of our debt instruments limit our ability to take a number of actions that our management might otherwise believe to be in our best interests. In addition, if we fail to comply with our covenants, our debt could be accelerated.

•We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. In the event we do not repay or refinance such indebtedness, we could face substantial liquidity issues and might be required to issue equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, or sell some of our assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, to meet our debt payment obligations.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 18

•Sales or issuances of a substantial number of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

•Certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, amended and restated by-laws and operative agreements, and domestic and international competition laws may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or for us to acquire control of a third party, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.

•If we fail to comply with laws or regulations which regulate our business and which may change at any time, we may be fined or even lose our right to conduct some of our business.

•Future dividend payments to our stockholders will reduce the availability of our cash on hand available to fund future discretionary investments, and may result in a need to incur indebtedness or issue equity securities to fund growth opportunities. In such event, the then current economic, credit market or equity market conditions will impact the availability or cost of such financing, which may hinder our ability to grow our per share results of operations.

•Remaining qualified to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT") involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code. Failure to remain qualified as a REIT would result in our inability to deduct dividends to stockholders when computing our taxable income, thereby increasing our tax obligations and reducing our available cash.

•Complying with REIT requirements, including the 90% distribution requirement, may limit our flexibility or cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, including certain discretionary investments and potential financing alternatives.

•REIT related ownership limitations and transfer restrictions may prevent or restrict certain transfers of our capital stock.

Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. More information about potential risk factors which could affect our results is included in our filings with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available through the SEC website at www.sec.gov or through our investor relations website at investor.crowncastle.com. We use our investor relations website to disclose information about us that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to visit our investor relations website from time to time to review up-to-date information or to sign up for e-mail alerts to be notified when new or updated information is posted on the site.

As used in this release, the term "including," and any variation thereof, means "including without limitation."

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 19


			CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in millions, except par values)


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105	$	156
Restricted cash	171		166
Receivables, net	481		593
Prepaid expenses	103		102
Deferred site rental receivables	116		127
Other current assets	56		73
Total current assets	1,032		1,217
Deferred site rental receivables	2,239		1,954
Property and equipment, net	15,666		15,407
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,187		6,526
Goodwill	10,085		10,085

Other intangible assets, net	3,179		3,596
Other assets, net	139		136
Total assets	$	38,527	$	38,921

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	252	$	236
Accrued interest	219		183
Deferred revenues	605		736
Other accrued liabilities	342		407
Current maturities of debt and other obligations	835		819
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	332		350
Total current liabilities	2,585		2,731
Debt and other long-term obligations	22,086		20,910
Operating lease liabilities	5,561		5,881

Other long-term liabilities	1,914		1,950
Total liabilities	32,146		31,472
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, 0.01 par value; 1,200 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: December 31, 2023—434 and December 31, 2022—433	4		4
Additional paid-in capital	18,270		18,116
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(4)		(5)
Dividends/distributions in excess of earnings	(11,889)		(10,666)
Total equity	6,381		7,449
Total liabilities and equity	$	38,527	$	38,921

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 20


			CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in millions, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended December 31,				Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenues:
Site rental	$	1,603	$	1,578	$	6,532	$	6,289
Services and other	71		186		449		697
Net revenues	1,674		1,764		6,981		6,986
Operating expenses:
Costs of operations:(a)
Site rental	407		400		1,664		1,602
Services and other	48		122		316		466
Selling, general and administrative	178		192		759		750
Asset write-down charges	3		8		33		34
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1		1		2
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	439		431		1,754		1,707
Restructuring charges	13		—		85		—
Total operating expenses	1,088		1,154		4,612		4,561

Operating income (loss)	586		610		2,369		2,425
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net	(223)		(192)		(850)		(699)
Gains (losses) on retirement of long-term obligations	—		—		—		(28)
Interest income	5		2		15		3
Other income (expense)	(2)		(5)		(6)		(10)
Income (loss) before income taxes	366		415		1,528		1,691
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	(5)		(2)		(26)		(16)




Net income (loss)	$	361	$	413	$	1,502	$	1,675















Net income (loss), per common share:
Basic	$	0.84	$	0.95	$	3.46	$	3.87
Diluted	$	0.83	$	0.95	$	3.46	$	3.86
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	434		433		434		433
Diluted	434		434		434		434

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 21


			CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (In millions of dollars)


	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	1,502	$	1,675
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	1,754		1,707
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	—		28

Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest	29		17
Stock-based compensation expense, net	157		156
Asset write-down charges	33		34
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision	8		3
Other non-cash adjustments, net	14		5
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:
Increase (decrease) in liabilities	(243)		(286)
Decrease (increase) in assets	(128)		(461)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	3,126		2,878
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(1,424)		(1,310)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(96)		(35)

Other investing activities, net	1		(7)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,519)		(1,352)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	3,843		748
Principal payments on debt and other long-term obligations	(79)		(74)
Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt	(750)		(1,274)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	3,613		3,495
Payments under revolving credit facility	(4,248)		(2,855)
Net borrowings (repayments) under commercial paper program	(1,241)		976
Payments for financing costs	(39)		(14)


Purchases of common stock	(30)		(65)
Dividends/distributions paid on common stock	(2,723)		(2,602)

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(1,654)		(1,665)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(47)		(139)






Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	1		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	327		466
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	281	$	327
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	800		684
Income taxes paid (refunded)	18		10

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 22


			CROWN CASTLE INC. SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED) (In millions of dollars)


SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023								Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Towers		Fiber		Other		Total		Towers		Fiber		Other		Total
Segment site rental revenues	$	1,079	$	524			$	1,603	$	1,086	$	492			$	1,578
Segment services and other revenues	65		6				71		183		3				186
Segment revenues	1,144		530				1,674		1,269		495				1,764
Segment site rental costs of operations	231		168				399		230		161				391
Segment services and other costs of operations	42		4				46		117		2				119
Segment costs of operations(a)(b)	273		172				445		347		163				510
Segment site rental gross margin(c)	848		356				1,204		856		331				1,187
Segment services and other gross margin(c)	23		2				25		66		1				67
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b)	19		47				66		30		50				80

Segment operating profit(c)	852		311				1,163		892		282				1,174
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b)					$	87	87						$	84	84
Stock-based compensation expense, net					31		31						36		36
Depreciation, amortization and accretion					439		439						431		431
Restructuring charges					13		13						—		—
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net					223		223						192		192
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(d)					4		4						16		16
Income (loss) before income taxes							$	366							$	415

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.

(b)Segment costs of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense, net of $6 million and $8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $4 million for each of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Segment selling, general and administrative expenses and other selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense, net of $25 million and $28 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.

(d)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com


News Release continued:						Page 23


SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Towers		Fiber		Other		Total		Towers		Fiber		Other		Total
Segment site rental revenues	$	4,313	$	2,219			$	6,532	$	4,322	$	1,967			$	6,289
Segment services and other revenues	421		28				449		685		12				697
Segment revenues	4,734		2,247				6,981		5,007		1,979				6,986
Segment site rental costs of operations	943		686				1,629		918		650				1,568
Segment services and other costs of operations	294		12				306		447		9				456
Segment costs of operations(a)(b)	1,237		698				1,935		1,365		659				2,024
Segment site rental gross margin(c)	3,370		1,533				4,903		3,404		1,317				4,721
Segment services and other gross margin(c)	127		16				143		238		3				241
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b)	104		194				298		115		190				305
Segment operating profit(c)	3,393		1,355				4,748		3,527		1,130				4,657
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b)					$	333	333						$	317	317
Stock-based compensation expense, net					157		157						156		156
Depreciation, amortization and accretion					1,754		1,754						1,707		1,707
Restructuring charges					85		85						—		—
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net					850		850						699		699
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(d)					41		41						87		87
Income (loss) before income taxes							$	1,528							$	1,691

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.

(b)Segment costs of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense, net of $29 million and $28 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $16 million for each of the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Segment selling, general and administrative expenses and other selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense, net of $128 million for each of the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.

(d)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com

Exhibit 99.2

Supplemental Information Package

and Non-GAAP Reconciliations

Fourth Quarter • December 31, 2023

The pathway to possible.

CrownCastle.com

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023


TABLE OF CONTENTS
			Page
Company Overview
Company Profile			3
Strategy			3
General Company Information			4
Asset Portfolio Footprint			4
Historical Common Stock Data			4
Annualized Fourth Quarter Dividends Per Share			5
Executive Management Team			5
Board of Directors			5
Research Coverage			6
Outlook
Outlook			7
Outlook for Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues			7
Outlook for Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business			8
Outlook for Capital Expenditures			8
Outlook for Components of Interest Expense			8
Consolidated Financials
Consolidated Summary Financial Highlights			9
Consolidated Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues			10
Consolidated Summary of Capital Expenditures			10
Consolidated Return on Invested Capital			11
Consolidated Tenant Overview			11
Consolidated Annualized Rental Cash Payments at Time of Renewal			11
Consolidated Projected Revenues from Tenant Contracts			12
Consolidated Projected Expenses from Existing Ground Leases and Fiber Access Agreements			12
Capitalization Overview
Capitalization Overview			13
Debt Maturity Overview			14
Liquidity Overview			15
Summary of Maintenance and Financial Covenants			15
Interest Rate Exposure			16
Components of Interest Expense			16
Towers Segment
Towers Segment Summary Financial Highlights			17
Towers Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues			18
Towers Segment Summary of Capital Expenditures			18
Towers Segment Portfolio Highlights			19
Towers Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital			19
Summary of Tower Portfolio by Vintage			19
Ground Interest Overview			20
Fiber Segment
Fiber Segment Summary Financial Highlights			21
Fiber Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues			22
Fiber Segment Summary of Capital Expenditures			22
Fiber Segment Revenue Detail by Line of Business			23
Fiber Segment Portfolio Highlights			25
Fiber Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital			25
Fiber Solutions Revenue Mix			25
Appendix of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Non-GAAP Reconciliations			26

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This supplemental information package ("Supplement") contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our management's current expectations as of the date of this Supplement. Statements that are not historical facts are hereby identified as forward-looking statements. Words such as "Outlook," "guide," "forecast," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "expect," "likely," "predicted," "positioned," and any variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward looking statements. Such statements include plans, projections and estimates regarding (1) demand for data and our communications infrastructure, (2) cash flow growth and its driving factors, (3) our Outlook for full year 2024, (4) the value of our business model, strategy and product offerings, (5) strategic position of our assets, (6) revenues from tenant contracts, (7) expenses from existing ground leases and fiber access agreements, (8) the growth of the U.S. market for communications infrastructure ownership, (9) levels of commitments under our debt instruments and (10) the impact of Sprint Cancellations to our operating and financial results.

Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, but not limited to, prevailing market conditions. Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. Crown Castle assumes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. More information about potential risk factors which could affect our results is included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our filings with the SEC are available through the SEC website at www.sec.gov or through our investor relations website at investor.crowncastle.com. We use our investor relations website to disclose information about us that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to visit our investor relations website from time to time to review up-to-date information or to sign up for e-mail alerts to be notified when new or updated information is posted on the site.

This Supplement contains certain figures, projections and calculations based in part on management's underlying assumptions. Management believes these assumptions are reasonable; however, other reasonable assumptions could provide differing outputs.

The components of forward looking financial information presented herein may not sum due to rounding. In addition, the sum of quarterly historical information presented herein may not agree to year to date historical information provided herein due to rounding. Throughout this document, percentage calculations, which are based on non-rounded dollar values, may not be able to be recalculated using the dollar values included in this document due to the rounding of those dollar values.

Definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures, information regarding segment measures and other information are provided in the Appendix to this Supplement.

As used herein, the term "including" and any variation thereof, means "including without limitation." The use of the word "or" herein is not exclusive.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

COMPANY PROFILE

Crown Castle Inc. (to which the terms "Crown Castle," "CCI," "we," "our," "the Company" or "us" as used herein refer) owns, operates and leases shared communications infrastructure that is geographically dispersed throughout the U.S., including (1) more than 40,000 towers and other structures, such as rooftops (collectively, "towers"), (2) approximately 115,000 small cells on air or under contract and (3) approximately 90,000 route miles of fiber primarily supporting small cells and fiber solutions. We refer to our towers, small cells and fiber assets collectively as "communications infrastructure," and to our customers on our communications infrastructure as "tenants." Our towers have a significant presence in each of the top 100 basic trading areas, and the majority of our small cells and fiber assets are located in major metropolitan areas, including a presence within every major U.S. market.

Our operating segments consist of (1) Towers and (2) Fiber, which includes both small cells and fiber solutions. Our core business is providing access, including space or capacity, to our shared communications infrastructure via long-term contracts in various forms, including lease, license, sublease and service agreements (collectively, "tenant contracts"). We seek to increase our site rental revenues by adding more tenants on our shared communications infrastructure, which we expect to result in significant incremental cash flows due to our low incremental operating costs.

We operate as a Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

STRATEGY

As a leading provider of shared communications infrastructure in the U.S., our strategy is to create long-term stockholder value via a combination of (1) growing cash flows generated from our existing portfolio of communications infrastructure, (2) returning a meaningful portion of our cash generated by operating activities to our common stockholders in the form of dividends and (3) investing capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. Our strategy is based, in part, on our belief that the U.S. is the most attractive market for shared communications infrastructure investment with the greatest long-term growth potential. We measure our efforts to create "long-term stockholder value" by the combined payment of dividends to stockholders and growth in our per-share results. The key elements of our strategy are to:

•Grow cash flows from our existing communications infrastructure. We are focused on maximizing the recurring site rental cash flows generated from providing our tenants with long-term access to our shared infrastructure assets, which we believe is the core driver of value for our stockholders. Tenant additions or modifications of existing tenant equipment (collectively, "tenant additions") enable our tenants to expand coverage and capacity in order to meet increasing demand for data while generating high incremental returns for our business. We believe our product offerings of towers and small cells provide a comprehensive solution to our wireless tenants' growing network needs through our shared communications infrastructure model, which is an efficient and cost-effective way to serve our tenants. Additionally, we believe our ability to share our fiber assets across multiple tenants to deploy both small cells and offer fiber solutions allows us to generate cash flows and increase stockholder return.

•Return cash generated by operating activities to common stockholders in the form of dividends. We believe that distributing a meaningful portion of our cash generated by operating activities appropriately provides common stockholders with increased certainty for a portion of expected long-term stockholder value while still allowing us to retain sufficient flexibility to invest in our business and deliver growth. We believe this decision reflects the translation of the high-quality, long-term contractual cash flows of our business into stable capital returns to common stockholders.

•Invest capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. In addition to adding tenants to existing communications infrastructure, we seek to invest our available capital, including the net cash generated by our operating activities and external financing sources, in a manner that will increase long-term stockholder value on a risk-adjusted basis. These investments include constructing and acquiring new communications infrastructure that we expect will generate future cash flow growth and attractive long-term returns by adding tenants to those assets over time. Our historical investments have included the following (in no particular order):

◦construction of towers, fiber and small cells;

◦acquisitions of towers, fiber and small cells;

◦acquisitions of land interests (which primarily relate to land assets under towers);

◦improvements and structural enhancements to our existing communications infrastructure;

◦purchases of shares of our common stock from time to time; and

◦purchases, repayments or redemptions of our debt.

Our strategy to create long-term stockholder value is based on our belief that there will be considerable future demand for our communications infrastructure based on the location of our assets and the rapid and continuing growth in the demand for data. We believe that such demand for our communications infrastructure will continue, will result in growth of our cash flows due to tenant additions on our existing communications infrastructure, and will create other growth opportunities for us, such as demand for newly constructed or acquired communications infrastructure, as described above. Further, we seek to augment the long-term value creation associated with growing our recurring site rental cash flows by offering certain ancillary site development services within our Towers segment.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


GENERAL COMPANY INFORMATION
Principal executive offices			8020 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX 77024
Common shares trading symbol			CCI
Stock exchange listing			New York Stock Exchange
Fiscal year ending date			December 31
Fitch - Long-term Issuer Default Rating			BBB+
Moody’s - Long-term Corporate Family Rating			Baa3
Standard & Poor’s - Long-term Local Issuer Credit Rating			BBB

Note: These credit ratings may not reflect the potential risks relating to the structure or trading of the Company’s securities and are provided solely for informational purposes. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. The Company does not undertake any obligation to maintain the ratings or to advise of any change in the ratings. Each agency’s rating should be evaluated independently of any other agency’s rating. An explanation of the significances of the ratings can be obtained from each of the ratings agencies.


ASSET PORTFOLIO FOOTPRINT


HISTORICAL COMMON STOCK DATA
	Three Months Ended
(in millions, except per share amounts)	12/31/22		3/31/23		6/30/23		9/30/23		12/31/23
High price(b)	$	143.06	$	145.76	$	130.62	$	114.90	$	117.92
Low price(b)	$	113.86	$	117.26	$	104.41	$	87.57	$	83.56
Period end closing price(c)	$	128.33	$	128.17	$	110.61	$	90.80	$	115.19
Dividends paid per common share	$	1.57	$	1.57	$	1.57	$	1.57	$	1.57
Volume weighted average price for the period(b)	$	126.01	$	130.90	$	112.72	$	100.32	$	101.96
Common shares outstanding, at period end	433		434		434		434		434
Market value of outstanding common shares, at period end(d)	$	55,576	$	55,582	$	47,968	$	39,377	$	49,959

(a)On air or under contract.

(b)Based on the sales price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

(c)Based on the period end closing price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

(d)Calculated as the product of (1) common shares outstanding, at period end and (2) period end closing price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


ANNUALIZED FOURTH QUARTER DIVIDENDS PER SHARE(a)


EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT TEAM
	Age	Years with Company	Position
Anthony J. Melone	63	<1(b)	Interim President and Chief Executive Officer
Daniel K. Schlanger	50	7	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Michael J. Kavanagh	55	13	Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Towers
Christopher D. Levendos	56	5	Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Fiber
Philip M. Kelley	51	26	Executive Vice President - Corporate Development and Strategy
Edward B. Adams, Jr.	55	7	Executive Vice President and General Counsel
Edmond Chan	53	<1	Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Name

Position

Committees

Age

Years as Director

P. Robert Bartolo

Chair

Audit, Compensation, Strategy, Fiber Review, CEO Search

Cindy Christy

Director

Compensation, NESG(c), Strategy

Ari Q. Fitzgerald

Director

Compensation, NESG(c), Strategy

Jason Genrich

Director

Fiber Review, CEO Search

Andrea J. Goldsmith

Director

NESG(c), Strategy

Tammy K. Jones

Director

Audit, NESG(c), Strategy, CEO Search

Kevin T. Kabat

Director

Compensation, NESG(c), CEO Search

Anthony J. Melone

Director

Strategy, Fiber Review

Sunit S. Patel

Director

Audit, Fiber Review

Bradley E. Singer

Director

Audit

Kevin A. Stephens

Director

Audit, Compensation, Strategy, Fiber Review

Matthew Thornton III

Director

Compensation, Strategy

(a)Based on the dividends declared during the fourth quarter of each of the respective years presented, annualized. All future dividends are subject to declaration by our board of directors.

(b)Anthony J. Melone has served on the Board of Directors since 2015.

(c)Nominating, Environmental, Social and Governance Committee.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


RESEARCH COVERAGE
Equity Research
Bank of America David Barden (646) 855-1320	Barclays Brendan Lynch (212) 526-9428	BMO Capital Markets Ari Klein (212) 885-4103
Citigroup Michael Rollins (212) 816-1116	Credit Suisse Douglas Mitchelson (212) 325-7542	Deutsche Bank Matthew Niknam (212) 250-4711
Green Street David Guarino (949) 640-8780	HSBC Luigi Minerva (207) 991-6928	Jefferies Jonathan Petersen (212) 284-1705
JPMorgan Philip Cusick (212) 622-1444	KeyBanc Brandon Nispel (503) 821-3871	LightShed Partners Walter Piecyk (646) 450-9258
MoffettNathanson Nick Del Deo (212) 519-0025	Morgan Stanley Simon Flannery (212) 761-6432	New Street Research Jonathan Chaplin (212) 921-9876
Raymond James Ric Prentiss (727) 567-2567	RBC Capital Markets Jonathan Atkin (415) 633-8589	Scotiabank Maher Yaghi (437) 995-5548
TD Cowen Michael Elias (646) 562-1358	UBS Batya Levi (212) 713-8824	Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Eric Luebchow (312) 630-2386
Wolfe Research Andrew Rosivach (646) 582-9350
Rating Agencies
Fitch Salonie Sehgal (312) 368-3137	Moody’s Lori Marks (212) 553-1098	Standard & Poor’s Ryan Gilmore (212) 438-0602

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


OUTLOOK
(in millions, except per share amounts)	Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)
Site rental billings(b)		$5,740	to	$5,780
Amortization of prepaid rent		$410	to	$435
Straight-lined revenues		$175	to	$200
Site rental revenues		$6,347	to	$6,392
Site rental costs of operations(c)		$1,686	to	$1,731
Services and other gross margin		$65	to	$95
Net income (loss)		$1,213	to	$1,293
Net income (loss) per share—diluted		$2.79	to	$2.97
Adjusted EBITDA(d)		$4,138	to	$4,188
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		$1,680	to	$1,775
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e)		$933	to	$978
FFO(d)		$2,951	to	$2,996
AFFO(d)		$2,980	to	$3,030
AFFO per share(d)		$6.85	to	$6.97


OUTLOOK FOR COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)
Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)	$5,505
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)	$170
Prior year site rental billings(b)	$5,675

Core leasing activity(b)		$305	to	$335
Escalators		$95	to	$105
Non-renewals(b)		$(165)	to	$(145)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(b)		$245	to	$285
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(f)		$(170)	to	$(160)
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(b)(f)		$(10)	to	$(10)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(b)		$70	to	$110
Straight-lined revenues		$175	to	$200
Amortization of prepaid rent		$410	to	$435
Acquisitions(g)	—
Other	—
Total site rental revenues		$6,347	to	$6,392

Year-over-year changes in revenues:(h)
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	(2.5)%



Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)	4.8%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b)	1.6%

(a)As issued on January 24, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on October 18, 2023.

(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.

(c)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.

(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.

(e)See our reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(f)In 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and there were $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.

(g)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.

(h)Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook where applicable.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


OUTLOOK FOR COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES BY LINE OF BUSINESS







	Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)
	Towers Segment			Fiber Segment
(dollars in millions)				Small Cells			Fiber Solutions
Core leasing activity(b)	$105	to	$115	$55	to	$65	$145	to	$155
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c)	4.5%			13%			3%
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b)(c)	4.5%			(9)			(3)

OUTLOOK FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)(d)

(in millions)

Towers Segment

Fiber Segment

Total

Capital expenditures

~$180

$1,350

$1,450

$1,530

$1,630

Less: Prepaid rent additions(e)

~$80

~$350

~$430

Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions

~$100

$1,000

$1,100

$1,200


OUTLOOK FOR COMPONENTS OF INTEREST EXPENSE
(in millions)	Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)
Interest expense on debt obligations		$922	to	$962
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt		$20	to	$30
Capitalized interest		$(17)	to	$(7)
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net		$933	to	$978

(a)As issued on January 24, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on October 18, 2023.

(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.

(c)Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook.

(d)Full Year 2024 Outlook reflects discretionary capital expenditures, exclusive of sustaining capital expenditures. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.

(e)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2022		2023
Net revenues:
Site rental
Site rental billings(a)	$	1,319	$	1,304	$	1,338	$	1,348	$	1,404	$	1,460	$	1,393	$	1,418	$	5,310	$	5,675
Amortization of prepaid rent	141		143		140		145		137		188		126		134		569		584
Straight-lined revenues	116		120		90		85		83		80		58		51		410		274
Total site rental	1,576		1,567		1,568		1,578		1,624		1,728		1,577		1,603		6,289		6,532
Services and other	166		167		178		186		149		139		90		71		697		449
Net revenues	$	1,742	$	1,734	$	1,746	$	1,764	$	1,773	$	1,867	$	1,667	$	1,674	$	6,986	$	6,981

Select operating expenses:
Costs of operations(b)
Site rental exclusive of straight-lined expenses	$	377	$	383	$	387	$	382	$	398	$	406	$	403	$	390	$	1,529	$	1,597
Straight-lined expenses	19		19		18		18		17		18		17		17		73		67
Total site rental	396		402		405		400		415		424		420		407		1,602		1,664
Services and other	113		112		119		122		104		98		66		48		466		316
Total costs of operations	509		514		524		522		519		522		486		455		2,068		1,980
Selling, general and administrative	$	181	$	190	$	187	$	192	$	195	$	210	$	176	$	178	$	750	$	759

Net income (loss)	$	421	$	421	$	419	$	413	$	418	$	455	$	265	$	361	$	1,675	$	1,502
Adjusted EBITDA(c)	1,095		1,078		1,077		1,090		1,104		1,188		1,047		1,076		4,340		4,415
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	420		427		430		431		431		445		439		439		1,707		1,754
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net	164		165		177		192		202		208		217		223		699		850
FFO(c)	843		842		838		838		835		901		698		790		3,362		3,227
AFFO(c)	$	812	$	783	$	804	$	802	$	828	$	891	$	767	$	790	$	3,200	$	3,277

Weighted-average common shares outstanding— diluted	434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434

Net income (loss) per share—diluted	$	0.97	$	0.97	$	0.97	$	0.95	$	0.97	$	1.05	$	0.61	$	0.83	$	3.86	$	3.46
AFFO per share(c)	$	1.87	$	1.80	$	1.85	$	1.85	$	1.91	$	2.05	$	1.77	$	1.82	$	7.38	$	7.55

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.

(b)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONSOLIDATED COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES
	2022												2023												Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			2022			2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings(a)	$	1,243		$	1,245		$	1,270		$	1,290		$	1,318		$	1,304		$	1,339		$	1,348		$	5,048		$	5,310

Core leasing activity(a)	92			75			79			73			57			73			66			79			321			275
Escalators	25			22			30			27			24			24			24			24			103			96
Non-renewals(a)	(42)			(39)			(42)			(43)			(42)			(42)			(37)			(36)			(166)			(158)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	75			58			67			57			39			54			53			67			258			212
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			48			106			6			10			—			170
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			(2)			(6)			(6)			(7)			—			(21)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	75			58			67			57			85			155			53			70			258			361
Straight-lined revenues	116			120			90			85			83			80			58			51			410			274
Amortization of prepaid rent	141			143			140			145			137			188			126			134			569			584
Acquisitions(c)	1			1			1			1			1			1			1			1			4			4
Other	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	1,576		$	1,567		$	1,568		$	1,578		$	1,624		$	1,728		$	1,577		$	1,603		$	6,289		$	6,532

Year-over-year changes in revenues:
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	15.1		%	10.0		%	8.1		%	7.1		%	3.0		%	10.3		%	0.6		%	1.6		%	10.0		%	3.9		%
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings:


Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	6.1		%	4.7		%	5.3		%	4.3		%	2.9		%	4.2		%	4.0		%	4.9		%	5.1		%	4.0		%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	6.1		%	4.7		%	5.3		%	4.3		%	6.4		%	11.9		%	3.9		%	5.2		%	5.1		%	6.8		%


CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(a)
	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2022		2023
Discretionary capital expenditures:
Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects	$	250	$	267	$	302	$	343	$	311	$	338	$	312	$	316	$	1,162	$	1,277
Purchases of land interests	10		15		12		16		15		23		13		13		53		64
Total discretionary capital expenditures	260		282		314		359		326		361		325		329		1,215		1,341
Sustaining capital expenditures	21		21		23		30		15		18		22		28		95		83
Total capital expenditures	281		303		337		389		341		379		347		357		1,310		1,424
Less: Prepaid rent additions(d)	72		62		63		99		81		84		80		103		296		348
Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions	$	209	$	241	$	274	$	290	$	260	$	295	$	267	$	254	$	1,014	$	1,076

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.

(b)In the fourth quarter 2023, we received $2 million and $8 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and there were $5 million and $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. In full year 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and there were $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.

(d)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONSOLIDATED RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL(a)
(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions)	Q4 2023 LQA			Q4 2022 LQA
Adjusted EBITDA(b)	$	4,304		$	4,360
Cash taxes (paid) refunded	(23)			(1)
Adjusted EBITDA less cash taxes paid	$	4,281		$	4,359

Historical gross investment in property and equipment(c)	$	28,811		$	27,566
Historical gross investment in site rental contracts and tenant relationships	7,880			7,850
Historical gross investment in goodwill	10,085			10,085
Consolidated Invested Capital(a)	$	46,776		$	45,501

Consolidated Return on Invested Capital(a)	9.2		%	9.6		%


CONSOLIDATED TENANT OVERVIEW
(as of December 31, 2023)	Percentage of Q4 2023 LQA Site Rental Revenues	Weighted Average Current Term Remaining(d)	Long-Term Credit Rating (S&P / Moody’s)
T-Mobile	36%	8	BBB / Baa2
AT&T	19%	5	BBB / Baa2
Verizon	19%	7	BBB+ / Baa1
All Others Combined	26%	4	N/A
Total / Weighted Average	100%	6


CONSOLIDATED ANNUALIZED RENTAL CASH PAYMENTS AT TIME OF RENEWAL(e)
	Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2023; in millions)	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
T-Mobile	$	29	$	239	$	51	$	58	$	42
AT&T	18		19		29		30		759
Verizon	22		32		36		30		44
All Others Combined	234		197		202		89		78
Total	$	303	$	487	$	318	$	207	$	923

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definitions and calculations of, Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Consolidated Invested Capital.

(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss).

(c)Historical gross investment in property and equipment excludes the impact of construction in process.

(d)Weighted by site rental revenues and excludes renewals at the tenants' option.

(e)Reflects lease renewals by year by tenant; dollar amounts represent annualized cash site rental revenues from assumed renewals or extensions as reflected in "Projected Revenues from Tenant Contracts" below.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONSOLIDATED PROJECTED REVENUES FROM TENANT CONTRACTS(a)
	Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2023; in millions)	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
Components of site rental revenues:
Site rental billings(b)	$	5,676	$	5,631	$	5,745	$	5,863	$	5,989
Amortization of prepaid rent	381		296		253		213		172
Straight-lined revenues	177		48		(59)		(176)		(238)
Site rental revenues	$	6,234	$	5,975	$	5,939	$	5,900	$	5,923


CONSOLIDATED PROJECTED EXPENSES FROM EXISTING GROUND LEASES AND FIBER ACCESS AGREEMENTS(c)
	Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2023; in millions)	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028
Components of ground lease and fiber access agreement expenses:
Ground lease and fiber access agreement expenses exclusive of straight-lined expenses	$	1,037	$	1,057	$	1,079	$	1,101	$	1,122
Straight-lined expenses	55		43		31		20		10
Ground lease and fiber access agreement expenses	$	1,092	$	1,100	$	1,110	$	1,121	$	1,132

(a)Based on tenant licenses in place as of December 31, 2023. All tenant licenses are assumed to renew for a new term no later than the respective current term end date, and as such, projected revenues do not reflect the impact of estimated annual churn. CPI-linked tenant contracts are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.

(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.

(c)Based on existing ground leases and fiber access agreements as of December 31, 2023. CPI-linked contracts are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions)	Face Value(a)		Fixed vs. Variable	Interest Rate(b)	Debt to LQA Adjusted EBITDA(c)	Maturity
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	281

Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-2(d)	40		Fixed	9.0%		2029
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2(e)	700		Fixed	3.7%		2045
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-2(e)	750		Fixed	4.2%		2048
Finance leases and other obligations	271		Fixed	Various		Various
Total secured debt	$	1,761		4.1%	0.4x
2016 Revolver(f)	670		Variable	6.5%		2027
2016 Term Loan A(g)	1,162		Variable	6.5%		2027
Commercial Paper Notes(h)	—		Variable	—%		Various

3.200% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	3.2%		2024
1.350% Senior Notes	500		Fixed	1.4%		2025
4.450% Senior Notes	900		Fixed	4.5%		2026
3.700% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	3.7%		2026
1.050% Senior Notes	1,000		Fixed	1.1%		2026
2.900% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	2.9%		2027
4.000% Senior Notes	500		Fixed	4.0%		2027
3.650% Senior Notes	1,000		Fixed	3.7%		2027
5.000% Senior Notes	1,000		Fixed	5.0%		2028
3.800% Senior Notes	1,000		Fixed	3.8%		2028
4.800% Senior Notes	600		Fixed	4.8%		2028
4.300% Senior Notes	600		Fixed	4.3%		2029
5.600% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	5.6%		2029
3.100% Senior Notes	550		Fixed	3.1%		2029
3.300% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	3.3%		2030
2.250% Senior Notes	1,100		Fixed	2.3%		2031
2.100% Senior Notes	1,000		Fixed	2.1%		2031
2.500% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	2.5%		2031
5.100% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	5.1%		2033
5.800% Senior Notes	750		Fixed	5.8%		2034
2.900% Senior Notes	1,250		Fixed	2.9%		2041
4.750% Senior Notes	350		Fixed	4.8%		2047
5.200% Senior Notes	400		Fixed	5.2%		2049
4.000% Senior Notes	350		Fixed	4.0%		2049
4.150% Senior Notes	500		Fixed	4.2%		2050
3.250% Senior Notes	900		Fixed	3.3%		2051
Total unsecured debt	$	21,332		3.8%	5.0x
Net Debt(i)	$	22,812		3.8%	5.3x
Market Capitalization(j)	49,959
Firm Value(k)	$	72,771

(a)Net of required principal amortizations.

(b)Represents the weighted-average stated interest rate, as applicable, exclusive of finance leases and other obligations.

(c)Represents the applicable amount of debt divided by Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA.

(d)The Senior Secured Notes, 2009-1, Class A-2 principal amortizes over a period ending in August 2029.

(e)If the respective series of Tower Revenue Notes are not paid in full on or prior to an applicable anticipated repayment date, then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, 2015-2 and 2018-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2025 and 2028, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid within eighteen months of maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.

(f)As of December 31, 2023, the undrawn availability under the $7.0 billion 2016 Revolver was $6.3 billion. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn available amount, which as of December 31, 2023 ranged from 0.080% to 0.300%, based on the Company's senior unsecured debt rating, per annum.

(g)The 2016 Term Loan A principal amortizes over a period ending in July 2027.

(h)As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $2.0 billion available for issuance under the $2.0 billion unsecured commercial paper program ("CP Program"). The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes ("CP Notes"), when outstanding, may vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue.

(i)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt.

(j)Market capitalization calculated based on $115.19 closing price and 434 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

(k)Represents the sum of Net Debt and market capitalization. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


DEBT MATURITY OVERVIEW(a)

(as of December 31, 2023; in millions)

(a)Where applicable, maturities reflect the respective anticipated repayment dates of the Tower Revenue Notes; excludes finance leases and other obligations; amounts presented at face value, net of required principal amortizations and repurchases held at the Company.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


LIQUIDITY OVERVIEW(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(b)	$	281
Undrawn 2016 Revolver availability(c)	6,291
Total debt and other obligations (current and non-current)(d)	22,921
Total equity	6,381

SUMMARY OF MAINTENANCE AND FINANCIAL COVENANTS

Debt

Borrower / Issuer

Covenant(e)

Covenant Level Requirement

As of December 31, 2023

Maintenance Financial Covenants(f)

2016 Credit Facility

CCI

Total Net Leverage Ratio

≤ 6.50x

5.2x

2016 Credit Facility

CCI

Total Senior Secured Leverage Ratio

≤ 3.50x

0.3x

2016 Credit Facility

CCI

Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio(g)

N/A

Financial covenants requiring excess cash flows to be deposited in a cash trap reserve account and not released

2015 Tower Revenue Notes

Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

> 1.75x

(h)

17.6x

2018 Tower Revenue Notes

Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

> 1.75x

(h)

17.6x

2009 Securitized Notes

Pinnacle Towers Acquisition Holdings LLC and its Subsidiaries

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

> 1.30x

(h)

26.0x

Financial covenants restricting ability of relevant issuer to issue additional notes under the applicable indenture

2015 Tower Revenue Notes

Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

≥ 2.00x

(i)

17.6x

2018 Tower Revenue Notes

Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

≥ 2.00x

(i)

17.6x

2009 Securitized Notes

Pinnacle Towers Acquisition Holdings LLC and its Subsidiaries

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

≥ 2.34x

(i)

26.0x

(a)In addition, we have the following sources of liquidity:

i.In March 2021, we established an at-the-market stock offering program ("ATM Program") through which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $750 million to or through sales agents. No shares of common stock have been sold under the ATM Program.

ii.In April 2019, we established a CP Program through which we may issue short term, unsecured CP Notes. Amounts available under the CP Program may be issued, repaid and re-issued from time to time, with the aggregate principal amount of CP Notes outstanding under the CP Program at any time not to exceed $2.0 billion. As of December 31, 2023, there were no CP Notes outstanding under our CP Program. We intend to maintain available commitments under our 2016 Revolver in an amount at least equal to the amount of CP Notes outstanding at any point in time.

(b)Inclusive of $5 million included within "Other assets, net" on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(c)Availability at any point in time is subject to reaffirmation of the representations and warranties in, and there being no default under, the credit agreement governing our 2016 Revolver.

(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and reconciliation to, Net Debt.

(e)As defined in the respective debt agreement. In the indentures for the 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes and the 2009 Securitized Notes, the defined term for Debt Service Coverage Ratio is "DSCR." Total Net Leverage Ratio, Total Senior Secured Leverage Ratio and all DSCR ratios are calculated using the trailing twelve months.

(f)Failure to comply with the financial maintenance covenants would, absent a waiver, result in an event of default under the credit agreement governing our 2016 Credit Facility.

(g)Applicable solely to the extent that the senior unsecured debt rating by any two of S&P, Moody's and Fitch is lower than BBB-, Baa3 or BBB-, respectively. If applicable, the consolidated interest coverage ratio must be greater than or equal to 2.50.

(h)The 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes and 2009 Securitized Notes also include the potential for amortization events, which could result in applying current and future cash flow to the prepayment of debt with applicable prepayment consideration. An amortization event occurs when the Debt Service Coverage Ratio falls below 1.45x, 1.45x or 1.15x, in each case as described under the indentures for the 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes or 2009 Securitized Notes, respectively.

(i)Rating Agency Confirmation (as defined in the respective debt agreement) is required.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions) INTEREST RATE EXPOSURE(a)
Fixed Rate Debt			Floating Rate Debt
Face value of principal outstanding(b)	$20,990		Face value of principal outstanding(b)	$1,832
% of total debt	92%		% of total debt	8%
Weighted average interest rate	3.6%		Weighted average interest rate(c)	6.5%

Upcoming maturities:	2024	2025	Interest rate sensitivity of 25 bps increase in interest rates:
Face value of principal outstanding(b)	$750	$1,200	Full year effect(d)	$4.6
Weighted average interest rate	3.2%	2.7%


COMPONENTS OF INTEREST EXPENSE
	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2022		2023
Interest expense on debt obligations	$	160	$	161	$	174	$	189	$	198	$	205	$	213	$	220	$	685	$	836
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt	7		7		6		6		7		7		8		7		26		29
Capitalized interest	(3)		(3)		(3)		(3)		(3)		(4)		(4)		(4)		(12)		(15)
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net	$	164	$	165	$	177	$	192	$	202	$	208	$	217	$	223	$	699	$	850

(a)Excludes finance leases and other obligations; assumes no default.

(b)Net of required principal amortizations.

(c)In June 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the credit agreement governing our 2016 Credit Facility that provided for, among other things, a reduction to the interest rate spread ("Spread") of up to 0.05% if the Company meets specified annual sustainability targets ("Targets") and an increase to the Spread of up to 0.05% if the Company fails to meet specified annual sustainability thresholds ("Thresholds"). In January 2024, the Company submitted the required documentation and received confirmation from its administrative agent that all Targets were met as of December 31, 2023, and, as such, the Spread reduction is maintained for 2024. The weighted average interest rate reflects the reduced Spread.

(d)Represents incremental interest expense over a 12-month period based on a hypothetical interest rate increase of 25 bps on face value of variable indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2023; assumes no debt maturities.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


TOWERS SEGMENT SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
	2022								2023									Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4			2022		2023
Segment net revenues:
Site rental
Site rental billings(a)	$	880	$	878	$	915	$	922	$	926	$	929	$	956	$	970		$	3,594	$	3,781
Amortization of prepaid rent	79		80		80		80		72		67		61		59			319		257
Straight-lined revenues	116		120		89		84		83		84		57		50			409		275
Total site rental	1,075		1,078		1,084		1,086		1,081		1,080		1,074		1,079		1,079	4,322		4,313
Services and other	163		164		175		183		146		124		86		65			685		421
Net revenues	$	1,238	$	1,242	$	1,259	$	1,269	$	1,227	$	1,204	$	1,160	$	1,144		$	5,007	$	4,734

Segment operating expenses:
Costs of operations(b)
Site rental exclusive of straight-lined expenses	$	206	$	213	$	212	$	213	$	217	$	226	$	219	$	214		$	846	$	876
Straight-lined expenses	19		19		18		17		17		17		17		17			72		67
Total site rental	225		232		230		230		234		243		236		231			918		943
Services and other	109		107		114		117		99		92		61		42			447		294
Total costs of operations	334		339		344		347		333		335		297		273			1,365		1,237
Selling, general and administrative(c)	28		28		28		30		31		30		24		19			115		104

Segment operating profit(d)	$	876	$	875	$	887	$	892	$	863	$	839	$	839	$	852		$	3,527	$	3,393

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.

(b)Exclusive of (1) depreciation, amortization and accretion, (2) stock-based compensation expense, net and (3) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.

(c)Exclusive of stock-based compensation expense, net. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.

(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" and "Segment Operating Results" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment operating profit.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


TOWERS SEGMENT COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES
	2022												2023												Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			2022			2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings(a)	$	827		$	830		$	853		$	866		$	879		$	877		$	915		$	921		$	3,376		$	3,593

Core leasing activity(a)	41			37			42			40			32			38			25			32			158			126
Escalators	23			20			28			25			22			22			22			23			96			88
Non-renewals(a)	(12)			(10)			(9)			(10)			(8)			(8)			(7)			(7)			(40)			(30)



Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	52			47			61			55			46			51			40			48			214			184
Straight-lined revenues	116			120			89			84			83			84			57			50			409			275
Amortization of prepaid rent	79			80			80			80			72			67			61			59			319			257
Acquisitions(b)	1			1			1			1			1			1			1			1			4			4
Other	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	1,075		$	1,078		$	1,084		$	1,086		$	1,081		$	1,080		$	1,074		$	1,079		$	4,322		$	4,313

Year-over-year changes in revenues:
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	20.0		%	13.2		%	11.5		%	10.3		%	0.6		%	0.2		%	(0.9)		%	(0.6)		%	13.6		%	(0.2)		%
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings:




Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	6.4		%	5.7		%	7.2		%	6.2		%	5.2		%	5.8		%	4.4		%	5.2		%	6.4		%	5.1		%


TOWERS SEGMENT SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(a)
	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2022		2023
Discretionary capital expenditures:
Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects	$	35	$	27	$	30	$	29	$	33	$	34	$	34	$	21	$	121	$	122
Purchases of land interests	10		15		12		16		15		23		13		13		53		64
Total discretionary capital expenditures	45		42		42		45		48		57		47		34		174		186
Sustaining capital expenditures	2		3		3		3		2		4		2		—		11		8
Total capital expenditures	47		45		45		48		50		61		49		34		185		194
Less: Prepaid rent additions(c)	22		23		20		23		22		25		25		20		88		92
Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions	$	25	$	22	$	25	$	25	$	28	$	36	$	24	$	14	$	97	$	102

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.

(b)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


TOWERS SEGMENT PORTFOLIO HIGHLIGHTS
(as of December 31, 2023)
Number of towers (in thousands)(a)	40
Average number of tenants per tower	2.5
Remaining contracted tenant receivables (in billions)(b)	$	34
Weighted average remaining tenant contract term (years)(b)(c)	7
Percent of towers in the Top 50 / 100 Basic Trading Areas	56% / 71%
Percent of ground leased / owned(d)	59% / 41%
Weighted average maturity of ground leases (years)(d)(e)	35


TOWERS SEGMENT CASH YIELD ON INVESTED CAPITAL(f)
(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions)	Q4 2023 LQA			Q4 2022 LQA




Segment site rental gross margin(g)	$	3,392		$	3,424
Less: Amortization of prepaid rent	(236)			(320)
Less: Straight-lined revenues	(200)			(336)
Add: Straight-lined expenses	68			68
Numerator	$	3,024		$	2,836

Segment net investment in property and equipment(h)	$	13,407		$	13,281
Segment investment in site rental contracts and tenant relationships	4,590			4,560
Segment investment in goodwill(i)	5,351			5,351
Segment Net Invested Capital(f)	$	23,348		$	23,192

Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital(f)	13.0		%	12.2		%


SUMMARY OF TOWER PORTFOLIO BY VINTAGE(j)
(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in thousands)	Acquired and Built 2006 and Prior			Acquired and Built 2007 to Present
Cash yield(k)	21		%	10		%
Number of tenants per tower	3.0			2.3
Last quarter annualized average cash site rental revenue per tower(l)	$	135		$	81
Last quarter annualized average site rental gross cash margin per tower(m)	$	117		$	58
Net invested capital per tower(n)	$	558		$	584
Number of towers	11,199			28,835

(a)Excludes third-party land interests.

(b)Excludes renewal terms at tenants' option.

(c)Weighted by site rental revenues.

(d)Weighted by towers site rental gross margin exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.

(e)Includes all renewal terms at the Company's option.

(f)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definitions and calculations of, Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital and Segment Net Invested Capital.

(g)See "Segment Operating Results" and "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment site rental gross margin.

(h)Segment net investment in property and equipment excludes the impact of construction in process and non-productive assets (such as information technology assets and buildings) and is reduced by the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants (excluding any deferred credits recorded in connection with acquisitions).

(i)Segment investment in goodwill excludes the impact of certain assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions (primarily deferred credits).

(j)All tower portfolio figures are calculated exclusively for the Company’s towers and rooftops and do not give effect to other activities within the Company’s Towers segment.

(k)Cash yield is calculated as last quarter annualized site rental gross margin, exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent, and straight-lined expenses, divided by invested capital net of the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants.

(l)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.

(m)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.

(n)Reflects gross total assets (including incremental capital invested by the Company since time of acquisition or construction completion), less any prepaid rent. Inclusive of invested capital related to land at the tower site.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


GROUND INTEREST OVERVIEW
(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions)	LQA Cash Site Rental Revenues(a)		Percentage of LQA Cash Site Rental Revenues(a)		LQA Towers Segment Site Rental Gross Cash Margin(b)		Percentage of LQA Towers Segment Site Rental Gross Cash Margin(b)		Number of Towers(c)	Percentage of Towers		Weighted Average Term Remaining (by years)(d)
Less than 10 years	$	435	11	%	$	239	8	%	5,535	14	%
10 to 20 years	559		14	%	355		12	%	6,073	15	%
Greater than 20 years	1,569		41	%	1,147		39	%	16,812	42	%
Total leased	$	2,563	66	%	$	1,740	59	%	28,420	71	%	35

Owned	$	1,300	34	%	$	1,228	41	%	11,614	29	%
Total / Average	$	3,863	100	%	$	2,968	100	%	40,034	100	%

(a)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.

(b)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.

(c)Excludes third-party land interests.

(d)Includes all renewal terms at the Company's option and weighted by towers site rental gross margin exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


FIBER SEGMENT SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2022		2023
Segment net revenues:
Site rental
Site rental billings(a)	$	439	$	426	$	423	$	426	$	478	$	531	$	436	$	447	$	1,716	$	1,894
Amortization of prepaid rent	62		63		60		65		65		121		66		75		250		326
Straight-lined revenues	—		—		1		1		—		(4)		1		2		1		(1)
Total site rental	501		489		484		492		543		648		503		524		1,967		2,219
Services and other	3		3		3		3		3		15		4		6		12		28
Net revenues	$	504	$	492	$	487	$	495	$	546	$	663	$	507	$	530	$	1,979	$	2,247

Segment operating expenses
Costs of operations(b)
Site rental exclusive of straight-lined expenses	$	162	$	162	$	166	$	161	$	172	$	170	$	175	$	168	$	649	$	685
Straight-lined expenses	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		1		1
Total site rental	162		162		166		161		172		171		175		168		650		686
Services and other	2		2		3		2		2		3		3		4		9		12
Total costs of operations	164		164		169		163		174		174		178		172		659		698
Selling, general and administrative(c)	47		46		47		50		49		51		48		47		190		194

Segment operating profit(d)	$	293	$	282	$	271	$	282	$	323	$	438	$	281	$	311	$	1,130	$	1,355

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.

(c)Exclusive of stock-based compensation expense, net. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.

(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" and "Segment Operating Results" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment operating profit.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


FIBER SEGMENT COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES
	2022												2023												Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			2022			2023
Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings(a)	$	416		$	415		$	417		$	424		$	439		$	427		$	424		$	426		$	1,672		$	1,717

Core leasing activity(a)	51			38			37			33			25			36			41			47			163			148
Escalators	2			2			2			2			2			2			2			2			7			7
Non-renewals(a)	(30)			(29)			(33)			(33)			(34)			(34)			(30)			(30)			(126)			(128)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	23			11			6			2			(7)			3			13			19			44			27
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			48			106			6			10			—			170
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			(2)			(6)			(6)			(7)			—			(21)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	23			11			6			2			39			104			12			22			44			176
Straight-lined revenues	—			—			1			1			—			(4)			1			2			1			(1)
Amortization of prepaid rent	62			63			60			65			65			121			66			75			250			326
Acquisitions(c)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	501		$	489		$	484		$	492		$	543		$	648		$	503		$	524		$	1,967		$	2,219

Year-over-year changes in revenues:
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	5.7		%	3.4		%	1.0		%	0.6		%	8.4		%	32.5		%	3.9		%	6.5		%	2.7		%	12.8		%
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings:


Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	5.5		%	2.9		%	1.5		%	0.5		%	(1.6)		%	0.8		%	3.0		%	4.4		%	2.6		%	1.6		%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	5.5		%	2.9		%	1.5		%	0.5		%	8.8		%	24.3		%	2.9		%	5.1		%	2.6		%	10.3		%


FIBER SEGMENT SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(a)
	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2022		2023



Discretionary capital expenditures	209		235		267		307		272		298		273		288		1,017		1,131
Sustaining capital expenditures	13		12		10		6		7		8		14		15		41		44
Total capital expenditures	222		247		277		313		279		306		287		303		1,058		1,175
Less: Prepaid rent additions(d)	50		39		43		76		59		59		55		83		208		256
Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions	$	172	$	208	$	234	$	237	$	220	$	247	$	232	$	220	$	850	$	919

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


FIBER SEGMENT REVENUE DETAIL BY LINE OF BUSINESS
	2022												2023												Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			2022			2023
Small Cells
Site rental revenues:
Site rental billings(a)	$	108		$	108		$	109		$	111		$	113		$	211		$	113		$	118		$	438		$	556
Amortization of prepaid rent	47			48			45			50			48			102			45			53			189			248
Straight-lined revenues	—			—			—			—			(1)			(6)			(1)			(1)			(1)			(9)
Total site rental revenues	155			156			154			161			160			308			157			170			626			795
Services and other revenues	3			2			2			3			3			15			3			6			10			27
Net revenues	$	158		$	158		$	156		$	164		$	163		$	323		$	160		$	176		$	636		$	822

Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings(a)	$	100		$	100		$	104		$	109		$	108		$	109		$	109		$	111		$	415		$	438

Core leasing activity(a)	7			8			5			3			6			6			8			9			24			28
Escalators	2			2			2			2			2			2			2			2			7			7
Non-renewals(a)	(1)			(2)			(2)			(3)			(3)			(2)			(1)			(1)			(8)			(7)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	8			8			5			2			5			5			8			10			23			28
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			—			101			—			2			—			104
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			—			(4)			(5)			(5)			—			(14)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	8			8			5			2			5			102			3			7			23			118
Straight-lined revenues	—			—			—			—			(1)			(6)			(1)			(1)			(1)			(9)
Amortization of prepaid rent	47			48			45			50			48			102			45			53			189			248
Acquisitions(c)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	155		$	156		$	154		$	161		$	160		$	308		$	157		$	170		$	626		$	795

Year-over-year changes in revenues:
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	8.4		%	8.3		%	1.3		%	1.9		%	3.2		%	97.4		%	1.9		%	5.6		%	4.9		%	27.0		%
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings:


Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	7.3		%	8.2		%	4.1		%	2.2		%	4.5		%	5.0		%	7.3		%	9.1		%	5.4		%	6.5		%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	7.3		%	8.2		%	4.1		%	2.2		%	4.5		%	93.6		%	3.1		%	6.7		%	5.4		%	27.0		%

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.

(b)Reflects payments received and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations of $2 million and $5 million, respectively, in the fourth quarter 2023 and payments received and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations of $104 million and $14 million, respectively, in full year 2023.

(c)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


FIBER SEGMENT REVENUE DETAIL BY LINE OF BUSINESS CONTINUED
	2022												2023												Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			2022			2023
Fiber Solutions
Site rental revenues:
Site rental billings(a)	$	331		$	318		$	314		$	315		$	365		$	320		$	323		$	330		$	1,279		$	1,338
Amortization of prepaid rent	15			15			15			15			17			19			20			22			60			78
Straight-lined revenues	—			—			1			1			1			2			2			3			2			8
Total site rental revenues	346			333			330			331			383			340			346			354			1,341			1,424
Services and other revenues	—			1			1			—			—			—			1			—			2			1
Net revenues	$	346		$	334		$	331		$	331		$	383		$	340		$	347		$	354		$	1,343		$	1,425

Components of changes in site rental revenues:
Prior year site rental billings(a)	$	315		$	314		$	312		$	315		$	331		$	318		$	315		$	316		$	1,257		$	1,279

Core leasing activity(a)	45			31			33			30			19			30			34			37			140			120
Escalators	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Non-renewals(a)	(29)			(27)			(31)			(30)			(31)			(32)			(29)			(29)			(118)			(121)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	16			4			2			—			(12)			(2)			5			8			22			(1)
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			48			5			6			8			—			66
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(b)	—			—			—			—			(2)			(2)			(2)			(2)			—			(7)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	16			4			2			—			34			1			9			14			22			58
Straight-lined revenues	—			—			1			1			1			2			2			3			2			8
Amortization of prepaid rent	15			15			15			15			17			19			20			22			60			78
Acquisitions(c)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Total site rental revenues	$	346		$	333		$	330		$	331		$	383		$	340		$	346		$	354		$	1,341		$	1,424

Year-over-year changes in revenues:
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues	4.5		%	1.2		%	0.9		%	—		%	10.7		%	2.1		%	4.8		%	6.9		%	1.7		%	6.2		%
Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings:


Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a)	4.9		%	1.2		%	0.7		%	—		%	(3.6)		%	(0.7)		%	1.5		%	2.7		%	1.6		%	(0.1)		%

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a)	4.9		%	1.2		%	0.7		%	—		%	10.2		%	0.4		%	2.8		%	4.5		%	1.6		%	4.6		%

(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.

(b)Reflects payments received and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations of $8 million and $2 million, respectively, in the fourth quarter 2023 and payments received and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations of $66 million and $7 million, respectively, in full year 2023.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


FIBER SEGMENT PORTFOLIO HIGHLIGHTS
(as of December 31, 2023)
Number of route miles of fiber (in thousands)	90
Number of small cells on air or under contract (in thousands)	115
Remaining contracted tenant receivables (in billions)(a)	$	5
Weighted average remaining tenant contract term (years)(a)(b)	4


FIBER SEGMENT CASH YIELD ON INVESTED CAPITAL(c)
(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions)	Q4 2023 LQA			Q4 2022 LQA




Segment site rental gross margin(d)	$	1,424		$	1,324
Less: Amortization of prepaid rent	(300)			(260)
Less: Straight-lined revenues	(8)			(4)
Add: Straight-lined expenses	—			—
Add: Indirect labor costs(e)	110			129
Numerator	$	1,226		$	1,189

Segment net investment in property and equipment(f)	$	9,539		$	8,716
Segment investment in site rental contracts and tenant relationships	3,290			3,290
Segment investment in goodwill(g)	4,080			4,080
Segment Net Invested Capital(c)	$	16,909		$	16,086

Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital(c)	7.3		%	7.4		%


FIBER SOLUTIONS REVENUE MIX
(as of December 31, 2023)			Percentage of Q4 2023 LQA Site Rental Revenues
Carrier(h)			36%
Education			14%
Healthcare			11%
Financial Services			7%
Other			32%
Total			100%

(a)Excludes renewal terms at tenants' option.

(b)Weighted by site rental revenues.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definitions and calculations of, Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital and Segment Net Invested Capital.

(d)See "Segment Operating Results" and "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment site rental gross margin.

(e)This adjustment represents indirect labor costs in the Fiber segment that are not capitalized, but that primarily support the Company's ongoing expansion of its Fiber segment that management expects to generate future revenues for the Company. Removal of these indirect labor costs presents Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital on a direct cost basis, consistent with the methodology used by management when evaluating project-level investment opportunities.

(f)Segment net investment in property and equipment excludes the impact of construction in process and non-productive assets (such as information technology assets and buildings) and is reduced by the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants (excluding any deferred credits recorded in connection with acquisitions).

(g)Segment investment in goodwill excludes the impact of certain assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions (primarily deferred credits).

(h)Includes revenues derived from both wireless carriers and wholesale carriers.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Unaudited)
(in millions, except par values)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105	$	156
Restricted cash	171		166
Receivables, net	481		593
Prepaid expenses	103		102
Deferred site rental receivables	116		127
Other current assets	56		73
Total current assets	1,032		1,217
Deferred site rental receivables	2,239		1,954
Property and equipment, net	15,666		15,407
Operating lease right-of-use assets	6,187		6,526
Goodwill	10,085		10,085

Other intangible assets, net	3,179		3,596
Other assets, net	139		136
Total assets	$	38,527	$	38,921

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	252	$	236
Accrued interest	219		183
Deferred revenues	605		736
Other accrued liabilities	342		407
Current maturities of debt and other obligations	835		819
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	332		350
Total current liabilities	2,585		2,731
Debt and other long-term obligations	22,086		20,910
Operating lease liabilities	5,561		5,881

Other long-term liabilities	1,914		1,950
Total liabilities	32,146		31,472
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, 0.01 par value; 1,200 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: December 31, 2023—434 and December 31, 2022—433	4		4
Additional paid-in capital	18,270		18,116
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(4)		(5)
Dividends/distributions in excess of earnings	(11,889)		(10,666)
Total equity	6,381		7,449
Total liabilities and equity	$	38,527	$	38,921

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended December 31,				Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenues:
Site rental	$	1,603	$	1,578	$	6,532	$	6,289
Services and other	71		186		449		697
Net revenues	1,674		1,764		6,981		6,986
Operating expenses:
Costs of operations:(a)
Site rental	407		400		1,664		1,602
Services and other	48		122		316		466
Selling, general and administrative	178		192		759		750
Asset write-down charges	3		8		33		34
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1		1		2
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	439		431		1,754		1,707
Restructuring charges	13		—		85		—
Total operating expenses	1,088		1,154		4,612		4,561

Operating income (loss)	586		610		2,369		2,425
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net	(223)		(192)		(850)		(699)
Gains (losses) on retirement of long-term obligations	—		—		—		(28)
Interest income	5		2		15		3
Other income (expense)	(2)		(5)		(6)		(10)
Income (loss) before income taxes	366		415		1,528		1,691
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	(5)		(2)		(26)		(16)
Net income (loss)	$	361	$	413	$	1,502	$	1,675



















Net income (loss), per common share:
Basic	$	0.84	$	0.95	$	3.46	$	3.87
Diluted	$	0.83	$	0.95	$	3.46	$	3.86
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	434		433		434		433
Diluted	434		434		434		434

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	1,502	$	1,675
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	1,754		1,707
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	—		28
Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest	29		17
Stock-based compensation expense, net	157		156
Asset write-down charges	33		34
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision	8		3
Other non-cash adjustments, net	14		5
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:
Increase (decrease) in liabilities	(243)		(286)
Decrease (increase) in assets	(128)		(461)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	3,126		2,878
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(1,424)		(1,310)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(96)		(35)

Other investing activities, net	1		(7)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,519)		(1,352)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	3,843		748
Principal payments on debt and other long-term obligations	(79)		(74)
Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt	(750)		(1,274)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	3,613		3,495
Payments under revolving credit facility	(4,248)		(2,855)
Net borrowings (repayments) under commercial paper program	(1,241)		976
Payments for financing costs	(39)		(14)


Purchases of common stock	(30)		(65)
Dividends/distributions paid on common stock	(2,723)		(2,602)

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(1,654)		(1,665)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(47)		(139)



Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	1		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	327		466
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	281	$	327
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	800		684
Income taxes paid (refunded)	18		10

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023								Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Towers		Fiber		Other		Total		Towers		Fiber		Other		Total
Segment site rental revenues	$	1,079	$	524			$	1,603	$	1,086	$	492			$	1,578
Segment services and other revenues	65		6				71		183		3				186
Segment revenues	1,144		530				1,674		1,269		495				1,764
Segment site rental costs of operations	231		168				399		230		161				391
Segment services and other costs of operations	42		4				46		117		2				119
Segment costs of operations(a)(b)	273		172				445		347		163				510
Segment site rental gross margin(c)	848		356				1,204		856		331				1,187
Segment services and other gross margin(c)	23		2				25		66		1				67
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b)	19		47				66		30		50				80

Segment operating profit(c)	852		311				1,163		892		282				1,174
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b)					$	87	87						$	84	84
Stock-based compensation expense, net					31		31						36		36
Depreciation, amortization and accretion					439		439						431		431
Restructuring charges					13		13						—		—
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net					223		223						192		192
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(d)					4		4						16		16
Income (loss) before income taxes							$	366							$	415

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.

(d)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Towers		Fiber		Other		Total		Towers		Fiber		Other		Total
Segment site rental revenues	$	4,313	$	2,219			$	6,532	$	4,322	$	1,967			$	6,289
Segment services and other revenues	421		28				449		685		12				697
Segment revenues	4,734		2,247				6,981		5,007		1,979				6,986
Segment site rental costs of operations	943		686				1,629		918		650				1,568
Segment services and other costs of operations	294		12				306		447		9				456
Segment costs of operations(a)(b)	1,237		698				1,935		1,365		659				2,024
Segment site rental gross margin(c)	3,370		1,533				4,903		3,404		1,317				4,721
Segment services and other gross margin(c)	127		16				143		238		3				241
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b)	104		194				298		115		190				305
Segment operating profit(c)	3,393		1,355				4,748		3,527		1,130				4,657
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b)					$	333	333						$	317	317
Stock-based compensation expense, net					157		157						156		156
Depreciation, amortization and accretion					1,754		1,754						1,707		1,707
Restructuring charges					85		85						—		—
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net					850		850						699		699
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(d)					41		41						87		87
Income (loss) before income taxes							$	1,528							$	1,691

(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.

(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.

(d)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX


NON-GAAP MEASURES AND OTHER INFORMATION

This Supplement includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, Net Debt, Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).

Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other REITs.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

•Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties, specifically credit rating agencies, in analyzing our operating performance in the context of targeted financial leverage. Management uses Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA in assessing our leverage. Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA is not meant as an alternative to GAAP measures such as debt and net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP. Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.

•Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital are useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating the financial performance of our assets. Management believes that these metrics are useful in assessing our efficiency at allocating capital to generate returns over time. Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital are not meant as alternatives to GAAP measures such as revenues, operating income, segment site rental gross margin, and certain asset classes (such as property and equipment, site rental contracts and tenant relationships, and goodwill) computed in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP metrics should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our assets.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.

FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.

Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA. We define Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA as Net Debt divided by the most recent quarter's Adjusted EBITDA multiplied by four.

Consolidated Invested Capital. We define Consolidated Invested Capital as the historical gross investment in (1) property and equipment (excluding the impact of construction in process), (2) site rental contracts and tenant relationships and (3) goodwill.

Consolidated Return on Invested Capital. We define Consolidated Return on Invested Capital as Adjusted EBITDA less cash taxes paid divided by Consolidated Invested Capital.

Segment Net Invested Capital. We define Segment Net Invested Capital as the investment in (1) property and equipment, excluding the impact of construction in process and non-productive assets (such as information technology assets and buildings), reduced by the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants (excluding any deferred credits recorded in connection with acquisitions), (2) site rental contracts and tenant relationships, and (3) goodwill, excluding the impact of certain assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions (primarily deferred credits).

Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital. We define Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital as segment site rental gross margin adjusted for the impacts of (1) amortization of prepaid rent, (2) straight-lined revenues, (3) straight-lined expenses and (4) indirect labor costs related to the Fiber segment divided by Segment Net Invested Capital.

Segment Measures

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

Other Information

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:


	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	421	$	421	$	419	$	413	$	418	$	445	$	265	$	361	$	1,502	$	1,675
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss)
Asset write-down charges	14		9		3		8		—		22		8		3		33		34
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1		—		1		—		1		—		—		1		2
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	420		427		430		431		431		445		439		439		1,754		1,707
Restructuring charges	—		—		—		—		—		—		72		13		85		—
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments	4		4		4		4		4		4		4		4		16		16
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(a)	164		165		177		192		202		208		217		223		850		699
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	26		—		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		28
Interest income	—		—		(1)		(2)		(2)		(5)		(3)		(5)		(15)		(3)
Other (income) expense	1		2		2		5		3		2		—		2		6		10
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	6		5		3		2		7		7		7		5		26		16
Stock-based compensation expense, net	39		44		38		36		41		50		36		31		157		156
Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)	$	1,095	$	1,078	$	1,077	$	1,090	$	1,104	$	1,188	$	1,047	$	1,076	$	4,415	$	4,340

Reconciliation of Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:


(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Full Year 2024 Outlook(e)
Net income (loss)		$1,213	to	$1,293
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss):
Asset write-down charges		$42	to	$52
Acquisition and integration costs		$0	to	$6
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		$1,680	to	$1,775
Restructuring charges		$0	to	$15
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments		$15	to	$17
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(d)		$933	to	$978
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations		$0	to	$0
Interest income		$(12)	to	$(11)
Other (income) expense		$0	to	$9
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		$20	to	$28
Stock-based compensation expense, net		$142	to	$146
Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)		$4,138	to	$4,188

(a)See the reconciliation of "Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(b)See discussion and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(c)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

(d)See the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(e)As issued on January 24, 2024.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO:


(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	421	$	421	$	419	$	413	$	418	$	455	$	265	$	361	$	1,502	$	1,675
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	408		412		416		417		417		424		425		426		1,692		1,653
Asset write-down charges	14		9		3		8		—		22		8		3		33		34
FFO(a)(b)	$	843	$	842	$	838	$	838	$	835	$	901	$	698	$	790	$	3,227	$	3,362
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434

FFO (from above)	$	843	$	842	$	838	$	838	$	835	$	901	$	698	$	790	$	3,227	$	3,362
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues	(116)		(120)		(90)		(85)		(83)		(80)		(59)		(51)		(274)		(410)
Straight-lined expenses	19		19		18		18		20		18		18		17		73		73
Stock-based compensation expense, net	39		44		38		36		41		50		36		31		157		156
Non-cash portion of tax provision	5		(3)		2		2		9		(6)		4		—		8		6
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	12		15		14		14		14		21		14		13		62		54
Amortization of non-cash interest expense	4		4		3		3		4		4		3		3		14		14
Other (income) expense	1		2		2		5		3		2		—		2		6		10
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	26		—		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		28
Acquisition and integration costs	—		1		—		1		—		1		—		—		1		2
Restructuring charges	—		—		—		—		—		—		72		13		85		—
Sustaining capital expenditures	(21)		(21)		(23)		(30)		(15)		(18)		(21)		(28)		(83)		(95)
AFFO(a)(b)	$	812	$	783	$	804	$	802	$	828	$	891	$	767	$	790	$	3,277	$	3,200
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO per share:


(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding)	2022								2023								Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	0.97	$	0.97	$	0.97	$	0.95	$	0.96	$	1.05	$	0.61	$	0.83	$	3.46	$	3.86
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	0.94		0.94		0.96		0.96		0.96		0.98		0.98		0.98		3.90		3.81
Asset write-down charges	0.03		0.03		0.01		0.02		—		(0.05)		0.02		0.01		0.08		0.08

FFO(a)(b)	$	1.94	$	1.94	$	1.93	$	1.93	$	1.92	$	2.08	$	1.61	$	1.82	$	7.43	$	7.75
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434


FFO (from above)	$	1.94	$	1.94	$	1.93	$	1.93	$	1.92	$	2.08	$	1.61	$	1.82	$	7.43	$	7.75
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues	(0.27)		(0.28)		(0.21)		(0.20)		(0.19)		(0.18)		(0.14)		(0.12)		(0.63)		(0.94)
Straight-lined expenses	0.04		0.04		0.04		0.04		0.05		0.04		0.04		0.04		0.17		0.17
Stock-based compensation expense, net	0.09		0.10		0.09		0.08		0.09		0.12		0.08		0.07		0.36		0.36
Non-cash portion of tax provision	0.01		(0.01)		—		—		0.02		(0.01)		0.01		—		0.02		0.01
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion	0.03		0.03		0.03		0.03		0.03		0.05		0.03		0.03		0.14		0.12
Amortization of non-cash interest expense	0.01		0.01		0.01		0.01		0.01		0.01		0.01		0.01		0.03		0.03
Other (income) expense	0.01		0.01		—		0.01		0.01		—		—		—		0.01		0.02
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations	0.06		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		0.06
Acquisition and integration costs	—		0.01		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		0.01
Restructuring charges	—		—		—		—		—		—		0.17		0.03		0.20		—
Sustaining capital expenditures	(0.05)		(0.05)		(0.05)		(0.07)		(0.03)		(0.04)		(0.05)		(0.06)		(0.19)		(0.22)
AFFO(a)(b)	$	1.87	$	1.81	$	1.85	$	1.85	$	1.91	$	2.05	$	1.77	$	1.82	$	7.55	$	7.38
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434		434

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

Reconciliation of Outlook for FFO and AFFO:


(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Full Year 2024 Outlook(c)
Net income (loss)		$1,213	to	$1,293
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$1,634	to	$1,714
Asset write-down charges		$42	to	$52
FFO(a)(b)		$2,951	to	$2,996
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435


FFO (from above)		$2,951	to	$2,996
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues		$(197)	to	$(177)
Straight-lined expenses		$55	to	$75
Stock-based compensation expense, net		$142	to	$146
Non-cash portion of tax provision		$2	to	$17
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$46	to	$61
Amortization of non-cash interest expense		$9	to	$19
Other (income) expense		$0	to	$9
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations		$0	to	$0
Acquisition and integration costs		$0	to	$6
Restructuring charges		$0	to	$15
Sustaining capital expenditures		$(85)	to	$(65)
AFFO(a)(b)		$2,980	to	$3,030
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO per share:


(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding)	Full Year 2024 Outlook Per Share(c)
Net income (loss)		$2.79	to	$2.97
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$3.76	to	$3.94
Asset write-down charges		$0.10	to	$0.12
FFO(a)(b)		$6.78	to	$6.89
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435


FFO (from above)		$6.78	to	$6.89
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
Straight-lined revenues		$(0.45)	to	$(0.41)
Straight-lined expenses		$0.13	to	$0.17
Stock-based compensation expense, net		$0.33	to	$0.34
Non-cash portion of tax provision		$0.00	to	$0.04
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion		$0.11	to	$0.14
Amortization of non-cash interest expense		$0.02	to	$0.04
Other (income) expense		$0.00	to	$0.02
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations		$0.00	to	$0.00
Acquisition and integration costs		$0.00	to	$0.01
Restructuring charges		$0.00	to	$0.03
Sustaining capital expenditures		$(0.20)	to	$(0.15)
AFFO(a)(b)		$6.85	to	$6.97
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted	435

(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information".

(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

(c)As issued on January 24, 2024.

Crown Castle Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2023

COMPANY
OVERVIEW

OUTLOOK

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS

CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW

TOWERS SEGMENT

FIBER SEGMENT

APPENDIX

Reconciliation of Net Debt and Calculation of Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA:


(as of December 31, 2023; dollars in millions)
Total debt and other obligations (current and non-current)	$	22,921
Unamortized adjustments, net	172
Total face value of debt	23,093
Less: Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	281
Net Debt(a)	$	22,812

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended December 31, 2023(a)	$	1,076
Last quarter annualized Adjusted EBITDA(a)	4,304
Net debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA(a)	5.3		x

(a)See discussion and our definitions of Net Debt and Net Debt to Last Quarter Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."

Cover Page DEI Document	Jan. 23, 2024
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	8-K
Document Period End Date	Jan. 23, 2024
Entity Registrant Name	Crown Castle Inc
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity File Number	001-16441
Entity Tax Identification Number	76-0470458
Entity Address, Address Line One	8020 Katy Freeway
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77024
City Area Code	713
Local Phone Number	570-3000
Written Communications	false
Soliciting Material	false
Pre-commencement Tender Offer	false
Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001051470
Amendment Flag	false
New York Stock Exchange
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	CCI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE