Nearly 5 Million Americans in Default on Student Loans
December 13 2017 - 2:42PM
Dow Jones News
By Josh Mitchell
The number of Americans severely behind on payments on federal
student loans reached roughly 4.6 million in the third quarter, a
doubling from four years ago, despite a historically long stretch
of U.S. job creation and steady economic growth.
In the third quarter alone, the count of such defaulted
borrowers -- defined by the government as those who haven't made a
payment in at least a year -- grew by nearly 274,000, according to
Education Department data released Tuesday.
The total number of defaulted borrowers represents about 22% of
the Americans who were required to be paying down their federal
student loans as of Sept. 30. That figure has increased from 17%
four years earlier.
The money they owe is becoming a bigger share of total
outstanding student debt in repayment. Defaulted student loans
totaled $84 billion at the end of the quarter, or 13% of the
roughly $631 billion that borrowers were required to be paying
down.
The government's student-loan portfolio now totals $1.37
trillion. That figure includes debt in repayment; debt for which
borrowers aren't required to be paying down because they are in
school or have otherwise been granted temporary reprieves; and debt
from an older program that guaranteed loans made by private
lenders.
The rise in defaults comes despite a strong labor market --
unemployment is at a 17-year low -- and carries long-term
consequences for borrowers and the economy. Defaulted borrowers
risk damaging their credit and their ability to borrow for other
things like homes and cars. That, in turn, could restrain the
economy's growth.
Meanwhile, defaults could undermine the federal budget in coming
years, since taxpayers ultimately cover any unpaid loans.
Government budget officials maintain the student-loan program, as a
whole, will generate profits for the government, but the program
has missed revenue targets in recent years in part because
borrowers are falling behind on payments and using federal options
to reduce payments.
"It's kind of phenomenal given all the tools we have at this
point to avoid default that this many people are still winding up
in default," said Clare McCann, an education-policy analyst at New
America, a center-left think tank.
Those tools include options for borrowers to reduce their
monthly bills by setting payments as a share of their incomes, and
to halt payments temporarily during tough times such as
unemployment.
Research from the New York Federal Reserve last month shows many
borrowers who fall behind on payments dropped out of college before
earning a degree, and attended for-profit schools and community
colleges.
The U.S. House education committee this week began debating a
Republican proposal to overhaul the student loan program. The plan
would reduce how much graduate students and parents of
undergraduates could borrow to cover tuition and living expenses,
and it would end programs that forgive student-debt balances for
borrowers who make payments for a certain period.
Meanwhile, the Trump administration's Education Department has
been meeting with major finance and tech companies to get ideas to
improve how it manages the program and services loans. Wayne
Johnson, appointed by Education Secretary Betsy DeVos to manage the
program as chief operating officer of federal student aid, said in
an interview last month that his agency may solicit bids early next
year for companies to help manage the federal program.
In some ways, the outlook for the federal student loan program
has improved. The rise in default in part reflects an overall
increase in Americans entering the repayment cycle. As a share of
all borrowers in repayment, new defaults fell in the third quarter
compared with a year earlier.
Write to Josh Mitchell at joshua.mitchell@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
December 13, 2017 14:27 ET (19:27 GMT)
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