Quarterly Report (10-q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


	☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022


	☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to _______

Commission File Number: 001-35737

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware	94-3306718
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(240) 497-9024

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	NWBO	OTCQB

As of May 6, 2022, the total number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding was 984,247,092.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	24

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		25

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	25

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	25

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	25

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	25

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25

Item 5.	Other Information	25

Item 6.	Exhibits	25

SIGNATURES		27

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,963	$	15,169
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,306		2,121
Total current assets		9,269		17,290

Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		14,385		15,027
Construction in progress		28		-
Right-of-use asset, net		4,709		4,889
Indefinite-lived intangible asset		1,292		1,292
Goodwill		626		626
Other assets		349		1,036
Total non-current assets		21,389		22,870

TOTAL ASSETS	$	30,658	$	40,160

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	7,726	$	6,976
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties and affiliates		2,918		3,971
Convertible notes, net		135		135
Notes payable, net		11,982		7,104
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,308		8,232
Warrant liability		98,618		106,784
Lease liabilities		325		317
Shares payable		—		250
Total current liabilities		130,012		133,769

Non-current liabilities:
Notes payable, net of current portion, net		16,163		25,156
Lease liabilities, net of current portion		5,008		5,226
Total non-current liabilities		21,171		30,382

Total liabilities		151,183		164,151

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 10)

Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock ($0.001 par value); 100,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		—		—
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 969.7 million and 948.4 million shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively		970		948
Additional paid-in capital		1,083,723		1,066,873
Stock subscription receivable		(79)		(79)
Accumulated deficit		(1,206,304)		(1,192,090)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		1,165		357
Total stockholders’ deficit		(120,525)		(123,991)

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	30,658	$	40,160

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Revenues:
Research and other	$	403	$	239
Total revenues		403		239
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development		4,820		6,923
General and administrative		7,869		12,886
Total operating costs and expenses		12,689		19,809
Loss from operations		(12,286)		(19,570)
Other income (expense):
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		540		17,563
Gain (loss) from extinguishment of debt		410		(8)
Interest expense		(1,903)		(1,447)
Foreign currency transaction loss		(975)		(661)
Total other income (loss)		(1,928)		15,447
Net loss	$	(14,214)	$	(4,123)

Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustment		808		624
Total comprehensive loss	$	(13,406)	$	(3,499)

Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders
Basic	$	(0.01)	$	(0.00)
Diluted	$	(0.01)	$	(0.00)

Weighted average shares used in computing basic loss per share		959,251		834,605
Weighted average shares used in computing diluted loss per share		959,251		834,605

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	For the three months ended March 31, 2022
										Accumulated
				Additional						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par value		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Income		Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2022	948,445	$	948	$	1,066,873	$	(79)	$	(1,192,090)	$	357	$	(123,991)
Issuance of common stock for cash	4,553		5		3,359		—		—		—		3,364
Warrants exercised for cash	15,256		15		4,170		—		—		—		4,185
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	—		—		7,715		—		—		—		7,715
Cashless warrants exercise	26		—		—		—		—		—		—
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	—		—		4		—		—		—		4
Issuance of common stock conversion of debt and accrued interest	1,412		2		985		—		—		—		987
Stock-based compensation	5		—		617		—		—		—		617
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(14,214)		—		(14,214)
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		808		808
Balances at March 31, 2022	969,697	$	970	$	1,083,723	$	(79)	$	(1,206,304)	$	1,165	$	(120,525)


	For the three months ended March 31, 2021

				Additional						Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Subscription		Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par value		Capital		Receivable		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2021	829,631	$	830	$	1,008,665	$	(79)	$	(1,371,216)	$	(1,148)	$	(362,948)
Issuance of common stock for cash	69		—		16		—		—		—		16
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	4,533		4		6,615		—		—		—		6,619
Warrants and stock options exercised for cash	2,872		3		742		—		—		—		745
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	—		—		2,935		—		—		—		2,935
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	5,205		5		(5)		—		—		—		—
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	—		—		146		—		—		—		146
Stock-based compensation	48		—		9,891		—		—		—		9,891
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to sequencing policy	—		—		(7,105)		—		—		—		(7,105)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(4,123)		—		(4,123)
Cumulative translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		—		624		624
Balance at March 31, 2021	842,358	$	842	$	1,021,900	$	(79)	$	(1,375,339)	$	(524)	$	(353,200)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(14,214)	$	(4,123)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		100		68
Amortization of debt discount		809		1,126
Change in fair value of derivatives		(540)		(17,563)
(Gain) loss from extinguishment of debt		(410)		8
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset		60		93
Stock-based compensation for services		617		9,818
Subtotal of non-cash charges		636		(6,450)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(199)		(286)
Other non-current assets		679		(198)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		795		876
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses		(694)		(3,128)
Lease liabilities		30		61
Net cash used in operating activities		(12,967)		(13,248)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of equipment and construction in progress		(58)		(264)
Net cash used in investing activities		(58)		(264)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net		3,140		16
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and stock options		4,185		745
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net		600		10,000
Repayment of notes payable		(4,005)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,920		10,761
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		899		236
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(8,206)		(2,515)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period		15,169		9,983
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	$	6,963	$	7,468

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments on notes payable	$	(702)	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Cashless warrants and stock options exercise	$	—	$	5
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	$	7,715	$	2,935
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	$	4	$	146
Reclassification of warrant liabilities based on authorized shares	$	—	$	7,105
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	$	987	$	6,742
Reclassification between shares payable and equity	$	250	$	—
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable	$	86	$	753
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties and affiliates	$	11	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Description of Business

Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries Flaskworks L.L.C., NW Bio GmbH, Aracaris Ltd, Aracaris Capital, Ltd, and Northwest Biotherapeutics B.V. (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer. The Company has developed DCVax® platform technologies for both operable and inoperable solid tumor cancers. The Company is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland and has wholly owned subsidiaries in the U.K., in the Netherlands, and in Boston, Massachusetts.

The Company relies upon contract manufacturers for production of its DCVax products, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements.

2. Financial Condition, Going Concern and Management Plans

The Company has incurred annual net operating losses since its inception. The Company had a net loss of $14.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Company used approximately $13.0 million of cash in its operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The Company does not expect to generate material revenue in the near future from the sale of products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to research and development (“R&D”) and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring annual losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues. Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations. If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all.

Because of recurring operating losses and operating cash flow deficits, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this filing. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

As previously reported, coronavirus-related difficulties have impacted most aspects of the database lock and the process of analyzing the Phase III trial results, especially with the successive waves of COVID-19 cases in many areas. The independent service firms have had limited capacity, and restrictions on operations. Key experts at certain specialized service providers have been unavailable for periods of time due to illness in their family. Other experts have gone on extended leave due to restrictions on operations. Clinical trial sites have not allowed personnel from the contract research organization managing the trial, or other service providers, to visit the sites for trial matters such as data monitoring and collection activities. Clinical trial site personnel have been unavailable due to being reassigned for COVID-19, and the limited site personnel have had to work under restrictions. Committee processes and regulatory processes have been similarly focused on COVID-19 matters and delayed on other matters. Firms such as the ones storing the Phase III trial tissue samples that are needed for certain analyses, and the firms conducting the analyses have had only limited operations. Even logistical matters such as the shipping of materials have been subjected to substantial restrictions and delays.

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from audited financial statements; however, it does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (the “2021 Annual Report”), which was filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, including valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the COVID-19 control responses.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2021 Annual Report.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options

In May 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (for example, warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic. It specifically addresses: (1) how an entity should treat a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; (2) how an entity should measure the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange; and (3) how an entity should recognize the effect of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remains equity classified after modification or exchange. This ASU will be effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted this standard without any material impact on the Company’s financial statements or disclosures.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

4. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with ASC 820 (Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures), the Company uses various inputs to measure the outstanding warrants and certain embedded conversion feature associated with convertible debt on a recurring basis to determine the fair value of the liability. ASC 820 also establishes a hierarchy categorizing inputs into three levels used to measure and disclose fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. An explanation of each level in the hierarchy is described below:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that are accessible by the Company on the measurement date

Level 2 - Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are either directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for the instrument requiring the development of assumptions by the Company

The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):


	Fair value measured at March 31, 2022
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	March 31, 2022		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	98,618	$	—	$	—	$	98,618
Embedded redemption option		978		—		—		978
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,308		—		—		8,308
Total fair value	$	107,904	$	—	$	—	$	107,904


	Fair value measured at December 31, 2021
			Quoted prices in active		Significant other		Significant
	Fair value at		markets		observable inputs		unobservable inputs
	December 31, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Warrant liability	$	106,784	$	—	$	—	$	106,784
Embedded conversion option		988		—		—		988
Contingent payable derivative liability		8,232		—		—		8,232
Total fair value	$	116,004	$	—	$	—	$	116,004

There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2022.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands).


	Warrant		Embedded		Contingent Payable
	Liability		Conversion Option		Derivative Liability		Total
Balance - January 1, 2022	$	106,784	$	988	$	8,232	$	116,004
Additional warrant liability		159		—		—		159
Reclassification of warrant liabilities		(7,719)		—		—		(7,719)
Change in fair value		(606)		(10)		76		(540)
Balance – March 31, 2022	$	98,618	$	978	$	8,308	$	107,904

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:


	As of March 31, 2022
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.28		$	0.70
Contractual term (years)		0.8			1.4
Volatility (annual)		71	%		75	%
Risk-free rate		1.1	%		1.4	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%


	As of December 31, 2021
	Warrant			Contingent Payable
	Liability			Derivative Liability
Strike price	$	0.30		$	0.70
Contractual term (years)		1.0			1.6
Volatility (annual)		90	%		72	%
Risk-free rate		0.1	%		0.6	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%		0	%

Contingent based on current stock price as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

5. Stock-based Compensation

The following table summarizes total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands). The stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was mostly related to the applicable portion vesting during this period of stock options awards made prior to 2021.


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	510	$	3,689
General and administrative		107		6,129
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	617	$	9,818

The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted. The weighted average assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock options that were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was as follows:


	For the three months
	ended
	March 31, 2022
Exercise price	$	0.77
Expected term (years)		5.0
Expected stock price volatility		95	%
Risk-free rate		1.4	%
Dividend yield (per share)		0	%

The total unrecognized compensation cost was approximately $1.6 million as of March 31, 2022 and will be recognized over the next 1.8 years.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the Company’s option plans during the three months ended March 31, 2022 (amount in thousands, except per share number):


				Weighted
				Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number of	Average Exercise		Contractual Life	Total Intrinsic
	Shares	Price		(in years)	Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	304,847	$	0.33	8.0	$	114,803
Granted	20		0.77	10.0		—
Outstanding as of March 31, 2022	304,867	$	0.33	7.7	$	114,803
Options vested ⁽¹⁾	284,728	$	0.32	7.7	$	108,032

(1)	Approximately 237 million options are not exercisable until at least May 31, 2022.

Ms. Linda Powers, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Leslie Goldman, the Company’s Senior Vice President, are subject to an agreement under which they cannot exercise any options or warrants except upon at least 61 days’ prior notice.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

6. Notes Payable

The following two tables summarize outstanding debt as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (amount in thousands):


		Stated									Embedded
		Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date	Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured	Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
								135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured	Various		8	%		N/A		7,861		(448)		—		7,413
9% unsecured	Various		9	%		N/A		3,932		(66)		—		3,866
12% unsecured	On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
								12,496		(514)		—		11,982
Long term notes payable
8% unsecured	9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		16,505		(2,649)		978		14,834
6% secured	3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,329		—		—		1,329
								17,834		(2,649)		978		16,163

Ending balance as of March 31, 2022							$	30,465	$	(3,163)	$	978	$	28,280


			Stated									Embedded
			Interest			Conversion				Remaining		Redemption		Carrying
	Maturity Date		Rate			Price		Face Value		Debt Discount		Option		Value
Short term convertible notes payable
6% unsecured		Due		6	%	$	3.09	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	135
									135		—		—		135
Short term notes payable
8% unsecured		Various		8	%		N/A		2,320		(118)		—		2,202
9% unsecured		Various		9	%		N/A		4,232		(80)		47		4,199
12% unsecured		On Demand		12	%		N/A		703		—		—		703
									7,255		(198)		47		7,104
Long term notes payable
1% unsecured		Various		1	%		N/A		433		—		—		433
8% unsecured		9/22/2023		8	%		N/A		25,938		(3,638)		941		23,241
6% secured		3/25/2025		6	%		N/A		1,482		—		—		1,482
									27,853		(3,638)		941		25,156

Ending balance as of December 31, 2021								$	35,243	$	(3,836)	$	988	$	32,395

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company entered into multiple four-month note agreements (the “Notes”) with various individual lenders (the “Holders”) with an aggregate principal amount of $0.6 million for net proceeds of $0.6 million. The Notes have a 9% interest rate, a 5% original issue discount (“OID”), and contain a conditional right to independently purchase shares from the Company in a future raise of Capital (the “Piggy-back Right”), under which the Company agrees that if it (i) publicly releases top line data from the Phase III trial of its DCVax®-L vaccine (such eventuality, the “Release”) and (ii) consummates the first offering of its common stock following such Release (the “Next Offering”), then Holder shall have the conditional right, at its sole option, typically exercisable within seven (7) days following the Next Offering, to independently purchase from the Company up to a number of shares equal in value to (a) 50% of the principal amount of the loan, (b) 50% of the value of the exercised warrant shares, and (c) exchange some or all of the outstanding loan amount for a variable number of shares (the “Contingent Rights”). The Contingent Right (a) and (b) above shall be priced at a 12% discount from the Next Offering, resulting in either an elimination of, or a reduced cash amount repayable under the loan agreement. The Company accounted for the Contingent Right (a) and (b) as a freestanding financial instrument, which was classified as a liability at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet with changes in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company accounted for the Contingent Right (c) as an embedded derivative liability at fair value, which requires it to be bifurcated, with changes in fair value recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued approximately 1.4 million shares of common stock at fair value of $1.0 million to certain lenders in lieu of cash payments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company made aggregate cash payments of $4.7 million on notes payable, including $0.7 million of interest payment.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company entered into multiple note extension agreements whereby the maturity date of the notes was extended for additional 2-4 months.

The Company received two loans under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) in 2021 for the amount of $0.4 million. On February 22, 2022, the PPP loans were approved for forgiveness. The Company recorded approximately $0.4 million debt extinguishment gain from the forgiveness of these PPP loans.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, interest expense related to notes payable totaled approximately $1.9 million and $1.4 million including amortization of debt discounts totaling $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

7. Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Diluted weighted average common shares include common stock potentially issuable under the Company’s convertible notes, warrants and vested and unvested stock options.

The following securities were not included in the diluted net earnings (loss) per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands):


	For the three months ended
	March 31,
	2022	2021
Common stock options	304,867	304,962
Common stock warrants	208,705	323,628
Contingently issuable warrants	—	2,774
Convertible notes and accrued interest	76	74
Potentially dilutive securities	513,648	631,438

8. Related Party Transactions

Advent BioServices Agreement

The Company has a Manufacturing Services Agreement with Advent BioServices (“Advent”) for the manufacture of DCVax-L products at an existing facility in London, as previously reported. The Company also has an Ancillary Services Agreement with Advent, which establishes a structure under which Advent submits Statements of Work (“SOWs”) for activities related to the development of the Sawston facility and the compassionate use activities in the UK, as previously reported. The Ancillary Services Agreement had an original term of eight months, which ended in July 2020. The Company extended the initial term by 12 months to July 2021, with no other changes, and recently extended the term for another 12 months to July 2022.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Advent BioServices Sublease Agreement

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a Sub-lease Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Advent. The Agreement permits use by Advent of a portion of the space in the Sawston facility which is leased by the Company under a separate head lease with a different counterparty (Huawei) that commenced on December 14, 2018. The Company subleased approximately 14,459 square feet of the 88,000 square foot building interior space, plus corresponding exterior support space and parking. The lease payments amount under the Agreement are two times the £5.75 (approximate $7.76 per square foot based on exchange rate as of December 31, 2021) rate per square foot payable under the head lease, but subject to a cap of $10 per square foot. Accordingly, the monthly lease payments under the Sublease are calculated based on $144,590 annually for 2022. The total lease payments paid by the Company for the facility, exterior spaces and parking under the head lease are 500,000 pounds per year. The term of the Agreement shall end on the same date as the head lease term ends.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized sub-lease income of $36,000.

Related Party Expenses and Accounts Payable

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized approximately $2.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, in research and development costs from Advent.

Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized $28,000 and $0.7 million costs, invoiced by Advent, related to the Sawston buildout. Some of these amounts have been paid and some have not been paid.

The following table summarizes outstanding unpaid accounts payable and accrued expenses held by related parties as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (amount in thousands). These unpaid amounts include part of the expenses reported in the above section and also certain expenses incurred in prior periods.


	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Advent BioServices – amount invoiced	$	1,886	$	3,046
Advent BioServices – amount accrued		36		—
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to Advent BioServices	$	1,922	$	3,046

As of March 31, 2022, there were approximately $0.9 million unpaid board compensation and $0.1 million unpaid reimbursements owed to an executive that were also included in the accounts payable to related party on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

9. Stockholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

Common stock Issued for Cash

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company received $3.1 million from issuance of 4.6 million shares of common stock to various investors.

Warrants Exercised for Cash

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company received $4.2 million from the exercise of warrants issued in the past with an exercise price between $0.175 and $0.35. The Company issued approximately 15.3 million shares of common stock upon these warrant and stock option exercises.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Warrants Cashless Exercise

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, a warrant holder elected to exercise some of their warrants pursuant to cashless exercise formulas. The Company issued approximately 26,000 shares of common stock for exercise of 56,000 warrants at an exercise price of $0.52.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):


	Number of	Weighted Average		Remaining
	Warrants	Exercise Price		Contractual Term
Outstanding as of January 1, 2022	225,469	$	0.30	0.96
Warrants exercised for cash	(15,256)		0.27	—
Cashless warrants exercise	(56)		0.52	—
Warrants expired and cancellation	(1,452)		1.91	—
Outstanding as of March 31, 2022	208,705	$	0.29	0.82

The options and warrants held by Ms. Powers and Mr. Goldman are subject to an ongoing suspension on a rolling basis pursuant to the Blocker Letter. In addition, other executive officers and directors extended their suspensions to various dates after April 30, 2022.

At March 31, 2022, a total of approximately 123 million warrants were under block or suspension agreements.

At May 1, 2022, a total of approximately 124 million warrants were under block or suspension until between May 31, 2022 and July 15, 2022.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease- Lessee Arrangements

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices in the U.S. and U.K., and for manufacturing facilities in the U.K. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the balance sheet. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for each separate lease component of a contract and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component, thus causing all fixed payments to be capitalized. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows the Company to carry forward historical lease classification. The lease renewal options have not been included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets as the Company has not yet determined whether to exercise the options. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates or usage, are not included in the ROU assets or liabilities. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

At March 31, 2022, the Company had operating lease liabilities of approximately $5.3 million for both the 20-year lease of the building for the manufacturing facility in Sawston, U.K., and the current office lease in the U.S. ROU assets of approximately $4.7 million for the Sawston lease and US office lease are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

The following summarizes quantitative information about the Company’s operating leases (amount in thousands):


	For the three months ended
	March 31, 2022
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	87		$	65		$	152
Short-term lease cost		13			—			13
Variable lease cost		—			10			10
Sub-lease income		(36)			—			(36)
Total	$	64		$	75		$	139

Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(168)		$	(71)		$	(239)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.9			1.6			—
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%		—


	For the Three Months ended
	March 31, 2021
	U.K			U.S			Total
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	164		$	82		$	246
Short-term lease cost		12			—			12
Variable lease cost		48			5			53
Total	$	224		$	87		$	311

Other information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(172)		$	(84)		$	(255)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		8.9			2.4
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		12	%		12	%

The Company recorded lease costs as a component of general and administrative expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Maturities of our operating leases, excluding short-term leases and sublease agreement, are as follows:


Nine months ended December 31, 2022	$	711
Year ended December 31, 2023		956
Year ended December 31, 2023		862
Year ended December 31, 2024		657
Year ended December 31, 2025		657
Thereafter		7,860
Total		11,703
Less present value discount		(6,370)
Operating lease liabilities included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2022	$	5,333

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

Maturities of our operating leases under the sublease agreement, based on the current exchange rate, are as follows:


Nine months ended December 31, 2022	$	108
Year ended December 31, 2023		145
Year ended December 31, 2024		145
Year ended December 31, 2025		145
Year ended December 31, 2026		145
Thereafter		1,740
Total	$	2,428

Manufacturing Services Agreements

Advent BioServices

On May 14, 2018, the Company entered into a DCVax®-L Manufacturing and Services Agreement (“MSA”) with Advent BioServices, a related party which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices and was spun off separately as part of an institutional financing of Cognate. The Advent Agreement provides for manufacturing of DCVax-L products at an existing facility in London. The Agreement is structured in the same manner as the Company’s prior agreements with Cognate BioServices. The Advent Agreement provided for a program initiation payment of approximately $1.0 million (which was fully paid in 2018), in connection with technology transfer and operations to the U.K. from Germany, development of new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the London facility, selection of new suppliers and auditing for GMP compliance, and other preparatory activities. The Advent Agreement provides for certain payments for achievement of milestones and, as was the case under the prior agreement with Cognate BioServices, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production and pay for manufacturing of DCVax-L products for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not the Company fully utilizes the dedicated capacity and number of patients. Either party may terminate the MSA on twelve months’ notice, to allow for transition arrangements by both parties.

On November 8, 2019, the Company and Advent entered into an Ancillary Services Agreement with an 8-month Term for U.K. Facility Development Activities and Compassionate Use Program Activities. The Ancillary Services Agreement establishes a structure under which Advent develops Statements of Work (“SOWs”) for the U.K. Facility Development Activities and Compassionate Use Program Activities and delivers those SOWs to the Company for review and approval. After an SOW is approved by the Company, Advent will proceed with or continue the applicable services and will invoice the Company pursuant to the SOW. Since both the U.K. Facility Development and the Compassionate Use Program involve pioneering and uncertainties in most aspects, the invoicing under the Ancillary Services Agreement is on the basis of costs incurred plus fifteen percent. The Agreement may also cover agreement by the parties and SOWs for operational milestones and related payments. The Ancillary Services Agreement had an original term of eight months, which ended in July 2020. The Company extended the term by 12 months to July 2021, with no other changes, and recently extended it for another 12 months to July 2022.

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NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS

German Tax Matter

The German tax authorities have audited our wholly owned subsidiary, NW Bio GmbH, for 2013-2015. The NW Bio GmbH submitted substantial documentation to refute certain aspects of the assessments and the German tax authorities agreed in principle with the Company’s proposed revised approach and settlement offer. A final settlement bill was received from the German Tax Authority confirming that only a portion of the original bill was owed, €277,000 (approximately $329,000), for corporate taxes, interest, and reduced penalty for the period under audit, which the Company paid on September 2, 2021. The Company also received and paid the final settlement bill from the local authority for trade taxes for the audit period in the amount of €231,000 (approximately $272,000). On November 4, 2021, the Company received a letter from the local tax authorities asking for additional late fees of €513,000 (approximately $595,000) on reimbursable withholding taxes that had been waived during the settlement process. On December 8, 2021, the Company appealed the assessment of additional late fees. Additionally, the Company requested that NW Bio GmbH be deregistered from the trade register, as it no longer had current operations. The deregistration was granted effective December 31, 2021. The Company recently received tax bills for the 2016-2019 tax years that totaled €208,000. The Company is awaiting a decision on the appeal of the late charges prior to making any additional tax payments and determining next steps. Accruals have been made for the invoices received for the 2016-2019 tax years, but payment may be contingent on the outcome of our appeal. The Company has not accrued for the appealed late charges, as we believe this new bill is not consistent with the settlement that was reached with the federal and city officials earlier this year. Based on the Company’s current operating state in Germany and the negotiations, the Company concluded based on its evaluation under ASC 740, the Company believes that the resolution of these tax matters will not likely result in a net material charge to the Company.

11. Subsequent Events

In total, the Company received $8.3 million from exercises of warrants and issuance of common stock between April 1, 2022 and May 6, 2022.

During April 2022, 7.7 million shares of common stock were issued upon warrant exercises for proceeds of approximately $2.0 million.

During April and May 2022, the Company received $6.3 million from issuance of 8.5 million shares of common stock to various investors. Approximately 1.7 million shares of common stock are pending to be issued.

During April 2022, the Company entered into a Statement of Work #6 (“SOW 6”) with Advent that will be incorporated into the Ancillary Services Agreement that was originally entered into dated November 8, 2019 and was extended on July 8, 2021. SOW 6 is for baseline costs and conditional milestone costs related to product and clinical trial matters during the period April 1, 2022 through the end of September 2022. The parties anticipate entering into a separate agreement, as an extension of SOW 5, for work by Advent related to the Sawston facility during Q2 and Q3 of this year, but this work is still in the process of being determined. The total costs under the SOW 6 include estimated baseline costs in the range of $3.2 million to $3.9 million and milestone costs ranging between $1.5 and $8.0 million in cash and 1.5 to 12.5 million in shares, depending upon what milestones are achieved.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included with this report. In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements, but some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. Many factors could affect our actual results, including those factors described under “Risk Factors” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in Part II Item 1A of this report. These factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from those presently anticipated by us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company focused on developing personalized immune therapies for cancer. We have developed a platform technology, DCVax®, which uses activated dendritic cells to mobilize a patient’s own immune system to attack their cancer.

Our lead product, DCVax®-L, is designed to treat solid tumor cancers in which the tumor can be surgically removed. We have completed a 331-patient international Phase III trial of DCVax-L for Glioblastoma multiforme brain cancer (GBM). As previously reported, the data collection and confirmation process was conducted by the independent contract research organization (CRO) who managed the trial and by other independent service firms. On October 5, 2020, the Company announced that Data Lock for the Phase III trial had been reached, and that a series of steps and processes would follow. These processes included data validation, analyses of the data by independent statisticians, preparations by the statisticians of summaries of the Trial results for review by the Company, the Principal Investigator, the Steering Committee of the Trial, the Scientific Advisory Board, and a panel of independent brain cancer experts, in preparation for publication in a scientific journal and public announcement. This series of processes is under way. It is anticipated that public announcement will follow these processes.

As also previously reported, coronavirus-related difficulties have impacted most aspects of the process, especially with the waves of COVID cases in many areas. The independent service firms have had limited capacity, and restrictions on operations. Key experts at certain specialized service providers have been unavailable for periods of time. Other experts have gone on extended leave. Clinical trial site personnel have been unavailable due to being reassigned for COVID, and the limited site personnel have had to work under restrictions. Committee processes and regulatory processes have been similarly focused on COVID matters and delayed on other matters. Firms such as the ones storing the Phase III trial tissue samples that are needed for certain analyses, and the firms conducting the analyses, continue to have only limited operations. Even logistical matters such as the shipping of materials have been, and continue to be, subjected to substantial difficulties and delays.

On August 28, 2020, the Company acquired Flaskworks, LLC (“Flaskworks”), a company that has developed a system designed to close and automate the manufacturing of cell therapy products such as DCVax®. The Company acquired 100% of the ownership, and Flaskworks became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Flaskworks was previously owned by its technical founders and Corning Inc. The technical team from Flaskworks joined the Company as part of the Acquisition. It is anticipated that the Flaskworks system will enable substantial scale-up of production volumes of DCVax products and substantial reduction of production costs. The Company’s buildout of the Sawston, UK facility has been designed to proceed in phases, as modules, both for efficiency in the timing of capital costs and to allow flexibility in operations and usage. The Company anticipates that implementation of the Flaskworks system will enable certain phases of the buildout to be simplified and streamlined.

Our second product, DCVax®-Direct, is designed to treat inoperable solid tumors. A 40-patient Phase I trial has been completed and included treatment of a diverse range of more than a dozen types of cancers. The Company plans to work on preparations for Phase II trials of DCVax-Direct as resources permit.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

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On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to derivative liabilities, accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly given the significant social and economic disruptions and uncertainties associated with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the COVID-19 control responses.

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed substantially from those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Results of Operations

Operating costs:

Operating costs and expenses consist primarily of research and development expenses, including clinical trial expenses, which increase when we are actively participating in clinical trials and especially when we are in a large ongoing international phase III trial or we are completing such a large international trial, and undertaking substantial one-time expenses such as for final site visits, query resolutions, statistical work for the Statistical Analysis Plan, preparations for data analyses and other activities related to completion and assessment of the trial and its results. The operating costs also include administrative expenses associated with trials and increase as such operating activities grow.

In addition to clinical trial related costs, our operating costs may include ongoing work relating to our DCVax products, including R&D, product characterization, and related matters. Going forward, we are also incurring large amounts of costs to carry out and complete statistical analyses, validation work, data reports and other work associated with analyzing the trial results and proceeding.

Following our acquisition of Flaskworks, our operating costs now include the costs for its ongoing operations and its intellectual property filings.

Our operating costs also include the costs of preparations for the launch of new or expanded clinical trial programs, such as our planned Phase II clinical trials. The preparation costs include payments to regulatory consultants, lawyers, statisticians, sites and others, evaluation of potential investigators, the clinical trial sites and the CROs managing the trials and other service providers, and expenses related to institutional approvals, clinical trial agreements (business contracts with sites), training of medical and other site personnel, trial supplies and other. Additional substantial costs relate to the maintenance and substantial expansion of manufacturing capacity, in both the U.S. and Europe.

Our operating costs also include legal and accounting costs in operating the Company.

Research and development:

Discovery and preclinical research and development expenses include costs for substantial external scientific personnel, technical and regulatory advisers, and others, costs of laboratory supplies used in our internal research and development projects, travel, regulatory compliance, and expenditures for preclinical and clinical trial operation and management when we are actively engaged in clinical trials.

Because we are a pre-revenue company, we do not allocate research and development costs on a project basis. We adopted this policy, in part, due to the unreasonable cost burden associated with accounting at such a level of detail and our limited number of financial and personnel resources.

General and administrative:

General and administrative expenses include personnel related salary and benefit expenses, cost of facilities, insurance, travel, legal services, property and equipment and amortization of stock options and warrants.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

We recognized a net loss of $14.2 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and Development Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, research and development expense was $4.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively. The decrease was mainly related to a decrease of $3.1 million stock-based compensation that represented the vesting of a portion of previously granted equity-based awards, and that was recognized in research and development expense.

We incurred approximately $2.8 million and $1.7 million in expenses from related parties during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expenses were $7.9 million and $12.9 million for three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease was mainly related to a decrease of $6 million stock-based compensation that represented the vesting of a portion of previously granted equity-based awards, and that was recognized in general and administrative expense.

Change in fair value of derivatives

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a non-cash gain of $0.5 million and $17.6 million, respectively. The 2022 gain was primarily due to the extension of certain warrants and there was no change of our stock price as of March 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021.

Gain (Loss) from Extinguishment of Debt

Our PPP Loan forgiveness application was approved on February 22, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recorded approximate $0.4 million debt extinguishment gain from the forgiveness of two PPP loans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, approximately $4.8 million debt and interest was converted into 4.5 million shares of common stock and 0.8 million warrants. The fair value of common stock and warrants were approximately $6.7 million. We also extinguished approximately $1.9 embedded derivative liability from the note conversion.

Interest Expense

During the three months ended and March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded interest expense of $1.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have experienced recurring losses from operations since inception. We have not yet established an ongoing source of revenues and must cover our operating expenses through debt and equity financings to allow us to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on the ability to obtain adequate capital to fund operating losses until we generate adequate cash flows from operations to fund our operating costs and obligations. If we are unable to obtain adequate capital, we could be forced to cease operations.

We depend upon our ability, and will continue to attempt, to secure equity and/or debt financing. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Our management determined that there was substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, and management’s concerns about our ability to continue as a going concern within the year following this report persist.

Cash Flow

Operating Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, net cash used in operations were approximately $13.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively. The decrease in cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to a decrease in clinical trial related expenditures.

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Financing Activities

We received approximately $3.1 million cash from issuance of 4.6 million shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

We received approximately $4.2 million and $0.7 million, in cash from the exercise of warrants and options during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

We received approximately $0.6 million from issuance of multiple loans to individual lenders and $10.0 million cash proceeds from a loan from a commercial lender during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

We made aggregate debt payments of $4.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Other factors affecting our ongoing funding requirements include the number of staff we employ, the number of sites, number of patients and amount of activity in our clinical trial programs, the costs of further product and process development work relating to our DCVax products, the costs of preparations for Phase II trials, the costs of expansion of manufacturing, and unanticipated developments. The extent of resources available to us will determine which programs can move forward and at what pace.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may result from the change in value of financial instruments due to fluctuations in its market price. Market risk is inherent in all financial instruments. Market risk may be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Our exposure to market risk is directly related to derivatives, debt and equity linked instruments related to our financing activities.

Our assets and liabilities are overwhelmingly denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not use foreign currency contracts or other derivative instruments to manage changes in currency rates. We do not now, nor do we plan to, use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. However, these circumstances might change.

The primary quantifiable market risk associated with our financial instruments is sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk represents the potential loss from adverse changes in market interest rates. We use an interest rate sensitivity simulation to assess our interest rate risk exposure. For purposes of presenting the possible earnings effect of a hypothetical, adverse change in interest rates over the 12-month period from our reporting date, we assume that all interest rate sensitive financial instruments will be impacted by a hypothetical, immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates as of the beginning of the period. The sensitivity is based upon the hypothetical assumption that all relevant types of interest rates that affect our results would increase instantaneously, simultaneously and to the same degree. We do not believe that our cash and equivalents have significant risk of default or illiquidity.

The sensitivity analyses of the interest rate sensitive financial instruments are hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 1% or 2% variation in an estimate generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the estimate to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular estimate on the fair value of financial instruments is calculated independent of changes in any other estimate; in practice, changes in one factor may result in changes in another factor, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. In addition, the sensitivity analyses do not consider any action that we may take to mitigate the impact of any adverse changes in the key estimates.

Based on our analysis, as of March 31, 2022, the effect of a 100+/- basis point change in interest rates on the value of our financial instruments and the resultant effect on our net loss are considered immaterial.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation as of March 31, 2022, of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in internal control over financial reporting occurred during the most recent quarter with respect to our operations, which materially affected, or is reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Derivative Lawsuits by Putative Stockholders

In February and March, three stockholders filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery three similar derivative lawsuits against the Company and certain of its directors and officers, including J. Cofer Black, Marnix L. Bosch, Alton L. Boynton, Leslie J. Goldman, Jerry Jasinowski, Navid Malik, and Linda F. Powers (the “Individual Defendants”), alleging the Individual Defendants (i) breached their fiduciary duties, and (ii) were unjustly enriched by director and officer compensation awarded to the Individual Defendants—notwithstanding the fact that approximately 90% of shareholders voted to approve of the Company’s executive compensation (the same compensation that these three stockholders are seeking to challenge) through its Say on Pay vote, and the director awards are subject to shareholder approval. On March 31, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery consolidated these actions into a single action under the caption In re Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. Stockholder Litigation (the “Derivative Action”).

The Company believes these cases are baseless, and intends to vigorously contest the Derivative Action.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Applicable risk factors are set forth in the Company’s report on Form 10-K for 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not Applicable

Item 6. Exhibits


31.1		Certification of President (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer), Pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Schema Document.

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.

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104		The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC

Dated: May 9, 2022	By:	/s/ Linda F. Powers
		Name:	Linda F. Powers


		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer

			Principal Executive Officer

			Principal Financial and Accounting Officer