jondoeuk
2 weeks ago
For in vivo, I know a number are using either viral vectors or LNPs to target certain populations, such as CD7+ T and NK cells.
As for the TME, CAR-T can actually make it worse. In this paper (looking a B-ALL), MDSCs expand, hypoxia increases, and T-cells (both CAR and endogenous) exhibit severe exhaustion. So multiplex gene editing (including designing local secretion of certain ''payloads'') and combinations will likely be needed https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629119v1.full
jondoeuk
2 months ago
Trogocytosis can impact both CAR-T, as well as CAR-NK therapies. Strategies to overcome trogocytosis-induced antigen loss, fratricide and/or cell exhaustion include, pharmacological targeting, modulating CAR affinity, ''armouring,'' modulating the signalling domain(s), or using a dual CAR strategy. Some preclinical data on the latter https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02003-x
jondoeuk
2 months ago
Shoreline has let go of an undisclosed number of employees tied to a cell therapy project with GILD's Kite Pharma, Endpoints News reported. Shoreline CEO declined to disclose the number of workers that were laid off and said the future of the collaboration is still ''to be determined.''
The two had agreed to change the focus of their partnership. Instead of developing a CAR-iNK cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas (either CD19-targeted or CD19/CD20-targeted), they switched to autoimmune diseases. Shoreline already had a pre-IND meeting with the FDA and was recruiting US and international clinical trial sites for a PhI trial in autoimmune diseases. They were going to enter the clinic in the coming months and planned to give Kite the possibility of opting in after concluding the trial.
As Kite went through leadership changes in recent years, Shoreline's CEO said the two had a ''wonderful collaboration,'' including being aligned with the new [autoimmune] focus for that therapy. They agreed on ''90%'' of the terms in an adjusted deal, including another potential equity investment from GILD, but they couldn't come to an agreement on any ''back-end economics.'' Shoreline believed it deserved a ''larger portion on [the] upside.''
jondoeuk
2 months ago
Metastatic cancer cells can develop multiple (suppressive) mechanisms that enable the evasion of NKs, such as this https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(24)01206-3
In one patent the same group goes on to show that EP2/EP4 KO enables the NKs to secrete chemokines, such as XCL1 that recruit key immune cell populations required for T-cell mediated tumour immunity https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30039-4
In another paper, a different group identifies IGSF8 as a new immune checkpoint that suppresses NKs (and dendritic cells) in antigen presentation deficient cancer cells https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)00355-6
So I think the right combination of edits will be needed to overcome trafficking, infiltration, potency, expansion, persistence, while also preventing exhaustion/dysfunction, suppression, tackle antigen heterogeneity and evasion.