BABB BAB Inc (QB)

PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

BAB, Inc. (“the Company”) has three wholly owned subsidiaries: BAB Systems, Inc. (“Systems”), BAB Operations, Inc. (“Operations”) and BAB Investments, Inc. (“Investments”). Systems was incorporated on December 2, 1992, and was primarily established to franchise Big Apple Bagels® (“BAB”) specialty bagel retail stores. My Favorite Muffin (“MFM”) was acquired in 1997 and is included as a part of Systems. Brewster’s (“Brewster’s”) was established in 1996 and the coffee is sold in BAB and MFM locations. SweetDuet® (“SD”) frozen yogurt can be added as an additional brand in a BAB or MFM location. Operations was formed in 1995, primarily to operate Company-owned stores of which there are currently none. The assets of Jacobs Bros. Bagels (“Jacobs Bros.”) were acquired in 1999, and any branded wholesale business uses this trademark. Investments was incorporated in 2009 to be used for the purpose of acquisitions. To date there have been no acquisitions.

 

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 12, 2000.  The Company currently franchises and licenses bagel and muffin retail units under the BAB, MFM and SD trade names. At November 30, 2023, the Company had 63 franchise units and 4 licensed units in operation in 20 states. There are 5 units under development. The Company's revenues are derived primarily from the ongoing royalties paid to the Company by its franchisees and from receipt of initial franchise fees.  Additionally, the Company derives revenue from the sale of licensed products (My Favorite Muffin mix, and Brewster's coffee) to franchisees, licensees and other approved customers.

 

The BAB franchised brand consists of units operating as “Big Apple Bagels®,” featuring daily baked bagels, flavored cream cheeses, premium coffees, gourmet bagel sandwiches and other related products. BAB units are primarily concentrated in the Midwest and Western United States.  The MFM brand consists of units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Gourmet Muffin Bakery®” (“MFM Bakery”), featuring a large variety of freshly baked muffins and coffees and units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Your All Day Bakery Café®” (“MFM Cafe”) featuring these products as well as a variety of specialty bagel sandwiches and related products.  The SweetDuet® is a branded self-serve frozen yogurt that can be added as an additional brand in a BAB location.  Although the Company doesn't actively market Brewster's stand-alone franchises, Brewster's coffee products are sold in most franchised units.     

 

The Company is leveraging on the natural synergy of distributing muffin products in existing BAB units and, alternatively, bagel products and Brewster's Coffee in existing MFM units. The Company expects to continue to realize efficiencies in servicing the combined base of BAB and MFM franchisees.

 

Net Income

The Company reported net income of $467,000 for fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 and net income of $432,000 for fiscal year ended November 30, 2022. November 30, 2023 net operating income was $615,000 compared to $608,000 in 2022.

 

Food Service Industry

Food service businesses are often affected by changes in consumer tastes; national, regional, and local economic conditions; demographic trends; traffic patterns; and the type, number and location of competing restaurants. Multi-unit food service chains, such as the Company's, can also be substantially adversely affected by publicity resulting from problems with food quality, illness, injury or other health concerns or operating issues stemming from one store or a limited number of stores. The food service business is also subject to the risk that shortages or interruptions in supply caused by adverse weather or other conditions could negatively affect the availability, quality and cost of ingredients and other food products. In addition, factors such as inflation, increased food and labor costs, regional weather conditions, availability and cost of suitable sites and the availability of experienced management and hourly employees may also adversely affect the food service industry in general and the Company's results of operations and financial condition in particular.

 

 

CUSTOMERS

 

The Company’s franchisees represent a varied geographic and demographic group.  Among some of the primary services the Company provides to its franchisees are marketing assistance, training, time-tested successful recipes, bulk purchasing discounts, food service knowledgeable personnel and brand recognition.

 

SUPPLIERS

 

The Company's major suppliers are The Daily Java, Dawn Food Products, Inc., Coca-Cola, SYSCO, and Gordon Food Service.  The Company is not dependent on any of these suppliers for future growth and profitability since like products that may be purchased from these suppliers is available from other sources.

 

LOCATIONS

 

The Company had 63 franchised locations and 4 licensed units in 20 states. There are 5 units under development.

 

STORE OPERATIONS

 

BIG APPLE BAGELS®--BAB franchised stores bake a variety of fresh bagels daily and offer up to 11 flavors of cream cheese spreads.   Stores also offer a wide assortment of breakfast and lunch bagel sandwiches, salads, soups, various dessert items, fruit smoothies, gourmet coffees and other beverages. A typical BAB store is in an area with a mix of both residential and commercial properties and ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 square feet. The Company's current store design is approximately 1,800 square feet, with seating capacity for 20 to 30 persons, and includes approximately 750 square feet devoted to production and baking. A satellite store is typically smaller than a production store, averaging 800 to 1,200 square feet. Although franchise stores may vary in size from other franchise stores, store layout is generally consistent.

 

MY FAVORITE MUFFIN®--MFM franchised stores bake 20 to 25 varieties of muffins daily from over 125 recipes. They also serve gourmet coffees, beverages and, at MFM Cafe locations, a variety of bagels, bagel sandwiches and related products. A typical MFM store is in an area with a mix of both residential and commercial properties and ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 square feet. The typical MFM Café store design is approximately 1,800 square feet, with seating capacity for 20 to 30 persons. The MFM Bakery is approximately 1,500 square feet, with seating for 10 to 12 persons and typically sells only muffins and coffee. Although franchise stores may vary in size from other franchise stores, store layout is generally consistent.

 

SWEETDUET®--SD the Company has one SweetDuet franchised store which offers frozen yogurt and various toppings from which customers prepare their own yogurt creations. They also serve My Favorite Muffin® gourmet muffins and Brewster’s® Coffee. Beginning in 2014, the SweetDuet concept is available as an added brand to a BAB or MFM location.

 

BREWSTER'S® COFFEE--Although the Company doesn't have, or actively market, Brewster's stand-alone franchises, Brewster's coffee products are sold in most of the franchised units.

 

FRANCHISING

 

The Company requires payment of an initial franchise fee per store, plus an ongoing 5% royalty on net sales. Additionally, BAB, MFM and SD franchisees are members of a marketing fund requiring an ongoing 3% contribution for general system-wide marketing. BAB currently requires a franchise fee of $25,000 on a franchisee's first full production BAB store. There is currently a $10,000 veterans discount for the franchise fee for the first location. The fee for subsequent production stores for BAB is $20,000. MFM currently requires a franchise fee of $30,000 on a franchisee's first full production MFM store. The fee for subsequent production stores for MFM is $25,000.

 

 

The Company's current Franchise Disclosure Documents (“FDD”) provides for, among other things, the opportunity for prospective franchisees to enter into a Preliminary Agreement for their first production store. This agreement enables a prospective franchisee a period of 60 days in which to locate a site. The fee for this Preliminary Agreement is $10,000. If a prospective franchisee fails to submit a site to Corporate in the designated timeframe, the preliminary agreement may be terminated and the fee is nonrefundable.  If the prospective franchisee submits in writing, the request to terminate the agreement within the required timeframe, prior to submitting a site for approval Corporate will issue a refund of the preliminary fee less $3,000. If the prospective franchisee submits one site for approval that is not approved by Corporate, Corporate may, at its sole discretion either grant an extension to the above referenced 60 day period or terminate the Preliminary Agreement and refund the preliminary fee less $3,000. If a site is approved, the entire $10,000 will be applied toward the initial franchise fee.  See also last paragraph under "Government Regulation" section in this 10-K. The Company's Franchise Agreement provides a franchisee with the right to develop one store at a specific location. Each Franchise Agreement is for a term of 10 years with the right to renew. Franchisees are expected to be in operation no later than 10 months following the signing of the Franchise Agreement.

 

The Company currently advertises its franchising opportunities in directories, newspapers and the internet. In addition, prospective franchisees contact the Company as a result of patronizing an existing store.

 

COMPETITION

 

The quick service restaurant industry is intensely competitive with respect to product quality, concept, location, service and price. There are a number of national, regional and local chains operating both owned and franchised stores which compete with the Company on a national level or solely in a specific market or region. The Company believes that because the industry is extremely fragmented, there is a significant opportunity for expansion in the bagel, muffin and coffee concept chains.

 

The Company believes the primary direct competitors of its bagel units are Panera Bread Company, Bruegger's Bagel Bakery and Einstein Bros. Bagels. There are several other regional bagel chains with fewer than 65 stores, as well as numerous small, independently owned bagel bakeries and national fast-food restaurants such as Dunkin’ and McDonald’s, all of which may compete with the Company. There is no major national competitor in the muffin business, but there are a number of regional and local operators. Additionally, the Company competes directly with a number of national, regional and local coffee competitors.

 

Other competition includes supermarket bakery sections and prepackaged, fresh and frozen bagels, muffins and yogurt. Certain of these competitors may have greater product and name recognition and larger financial, marketing and distribution capabilities than the Company.  The Company believes the startup costs associated with opening a retail food establishment offering similar products on a stand-alone basis are competitive with the startup costs associated with opening its stores and, accordingly, such startup costs are not an impediment to entry into the retail bagel, muffin, frozen yogurt or coffee businesses.

 

The Company believes that its stores compete favorably in terms of food quality, taste, convenience, customer service and value, which the Company believes are important factors to its targeted customers.  Competition in the food service industry is often affected by changes in consumer tastes, national, regional and local economic and real estate conditions, demographic trends, traffic patterns, the cost and availability of labor, consumer purchasing power, availability of product and local competitive factors.  The Company attempts to manage or adapt to these factors, but not all such factors are within the Company's control. Such factors could cause the Company and some or all of its franchisees to be adversely affected.

 

The Company competes for qualified franchisees with a wide variety of investment opportunities in the restaurant business, as well as other industries. Investment opportunities in the bagel bakery cafe business include franchises offered by Einstein Bros. Bagels, Bruegger's Bagel Bakery and Panera Bread Company.  The Company's continued success is dependent on its reputation for providing high quality and value with respect to its service, products and franchises. This reputation is affected by the performance of its franchise stores and licensed units that sell branded products over which the Company has limited control.

 

 

TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS

 

The trademarks, trade names and service marks used by the Company contain common descriptive English words and thus may be subject to challenge by users of these words, alone or in combination with other words, to describe other services or products. Some persons or entities may have prior rights to these names or marks in their respective localities. Accordingly, there is no assurance that such names and marks are available in all locations. Any challenge, if successful, in whole or in part, could restrict the Company's use of the names and marks in areas in which the challenger is found to have used the name or mark prior to the Company's use. Any such restriction could limit the expansion of the Company's use of the names or marks into that region, and the Company and its franchisees may be materially and adversely affected.

 

The trademarks and service marks "Big Apple Bagels®," "My Favorite Muffin®," “SweetDuet®”and "Brewster's® Coffee" are registered under applicable federal trademark law. The MFM brand consists of units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Gourmet Muffin Bakery®” (“MFM Bakery”), featuring a large variety of freshly baked muffins and coffees and units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Your All Day Bakery Café®” (“MFM Cafe”) featuring these products as well as a variety of specialty bagel sandwiches and related products.  These marks are licensed by the Company to its franchisees pursuant to Franchise Agreements.   In February 1999, the Company acquired the trademark of "Jacobs Bros. Bagels®" upon purchasing certain assets of Jacobs Bros. The "Jacobs Bros. Bagels®" mark is also registered under applicable federal trademark law.

 

The Company is aware of the use by other persons and entities in certain geographic areas of names and marks which are the same as, or similar to, the Company's names and marks. Some of these persons or entities may have prior rights to those names or marks in their respective localities; therefore, there is no assurance that the names and marks are available in all locations. It is the Company's policy to pursue registration of its names and marks whenever possible and to vigorously oppose any infringement of its names and marks.

 

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

 

The Company is subject to the Trade Regulation Rule of the Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC") entitled “Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising'' (the "Amended FTC Franchise Rule") and state and local laws and regulations that govern the offer, sale and termination of franchises and the refusal to renew franchises. Continued compliance with these broad federal, state and local regulatory networks is essential and costly. The failure to comply with such regulations may have a material adverse effect on the Company and its franchisees. Violations of franchising laws and/or state laws and regulations regulating substantive aspects of doing business in a particular state could limit the Company's ability to sell franchises or subject the Company and its affiliates to rescission offers, monetary damages, penalties, imprisonment and/or injunctive proceedings. In addition, under court decisions in certain states, absolute vicarious liability may be imposed upon franchisors based upon claims made against franchisees. Even if the Company is able to obtain insurance coverage for such claims, there can be no assurance that such insurance will be sufficient to cover potential claims against the Company.

 

The Company and its franchisees are required to comply with federal, state and local government regulations applicable to consumer food service businesses, including those relating to the preparation and sale of food, minimum wage requirements, overtime, working and safety conditions, citizenship requirements, as well as regulations relating to zoning, construction, health and business licensing. Each store is subject to regulation by federal agencies and to licensing and regulation by state and local health, sanitation, safety, fire and other departments. Difficulties or failures in obtaining the required licenses or approvals could delay or prevent the opening of a new Company-owned or franchise store, and failure to remain in compliance with applicable regulations could cause the temporary or permanent closing of an existing store. The Company believes that it is in material compliance with these provisions. Continued compliance with these federal, state and local laws and regulations is costly but essential, and failure to comply may have an adverse effect on the Company and its franchisees.

 

The Company's franchising operations are subject to regulation by the FTC under the Amended FTC Franchise Rule which requires, among other things, that the Company prepare and periodically update a comprehensive disclosure document known as a Franchise Disclosure Document (“FDD”) in connection with the sale and operation of its franchises. In addition, some states require a franchisor to register its franchise with the state before it may offer a franchise to a prospective franchisee. The Company believes its FDDs, together with any applicable state versions or supplements, comply with both the FTC guidelines and all applicable state laws regulating franchising in those states in which it has offered franchises.

 

 

The Company is also subject to a number of state laws, as well as foreign laws (to the extent it offers franchises outside of the United States), that regulate substantive aspects of the franchisor-franchisee relationship, including, but not limited to, those concerning termination and non-renewal of a franchise.

 

 

EMPLOYEES

 

As of November 30, 2023, the Company employed 11 full time people and one part time person in the Corporate headquarters. The employees are responsible for corporate management and oversight, franchising, accounting, advertising and operations.  None of the Company's employees are subject to any collective bargaining agreements and management considers its relations with its employees to be good.

 

BAB, Inc. considers its employees one of its greatest assets. The Company offers its employees competitive pay and a benefit program. All employees receive fair and equitable pay. The Company contributes 65% of the cost of health, dental and vision insurance premiums. The Company also contributes up to 4% of matching funds for the 401(k) program. Daily working hours are reasonably flexible.

 

The Company from time-to-time hires individuals who are beginning their career with an entry level job and provides on the job training. We encourage employees to expand and develop their talents while employed at the Company so that when the Company has open employment opportunities it can promote from within its employee base.

 

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

 

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

 

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 

The Company's principal executive office, consisting of approximately 5,300 square feet, is located in Deerfield, Illinois and is leased. A lease was signed in June of 2018, effective October 1, 2018, expiring on March 31, 2024 with an option to renew for a 5 year period.

 

On February 15, 2024 the Company signed a lease for the same executive office space in Deerfield, Illinois, consisting of approximately 5,300 square feet. The lease is for a period of 6 years, beginning April 1, 2024 through March 31, 2030 with an option to renew for a 5 year period.

 

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of such proceedings or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material effect on our financial position. We know of no pending or threatened proceeding or claim to which we are or will be a party.

 

 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

 

None

 

 

PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 

The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low reported closing sales prices for the Company's common stock, as reported in the Nasdaq Small Cap Market for the two years ended November 30, 2023 and 2022.  The Company's common stock is traded on the NASDAQ OTCQB Marketplace under the symbol "BABB." 

 

Year Ended: November 30, 2023		Low				High
First quarter			0.73				0.92
Second quarter			0.70				0.86
Third quarter			0.69				0.85
Fourth quarter			0.69				0.80

 

Year Ended: November 30, 2022		Low				High
First quarter			0.75				0.91
Second quarter			0.82				0.95
Third quarter			0.79				1.00
Fourth quarter			0.68				0.89

 

As of February 26, 2024, the Company's Common Stock was held by 116 registered holders of record. Registered ownership includes nominees who may hold securities on behalf of multiple beneficial shareholders. The Company estimates that the number of beneficial shareholders of its common stock at February 26, 2024, is approximately 1,062 based upon information provided by a proxy services firm.

 

 

CASH DISTRIBUTION AND DIVIDEND POLICY

 

On December 11, 2023 the Board of Directors declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 27, 2023, paid January 16, 2024. 

 

On September 12, 2023 the Board of Directors (“Board”) declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2023, paid October 18, 2023. On June 6, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2023, paid on July 11, 2023. On March 13, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 30, 2023, paid on April 19, 2023. On December 07, 2022 the Board declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2022, paid January 11, 2023.

 

On September 9, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2022, paid October 20, 2022. On June 3, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2022, paid July 11, 2022. On March 7, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 cash distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 29, 2022, paid April 18, 2022. On December 06, 2021 the Board declared a $0.01 cash distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2021, paid January 11, 2022.

 

On May 6, 2013, the Board authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one right for each outstanding share of the common stock of the Company to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 13, 2013. Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of the Series A Participating Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.90 per one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment. The complete terms of the Rights are set forth in a Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated May 6, 2013, between the Company and IST Shareholder Services, as rights agent.

 

 

The Board adopted the Rights Agreement to protect stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. In general terms, it works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group, other than exempt person as defined in the agreement, that acquires 15% (or 20% in the case of certain institutional investors who report their holdings on Schedule 13G) or more of the Common Shares without the approval of the Board. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Rights may be to render more difficult a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving the Company that is not approved by the Board. However, neither the Rights Agreement nor the Rights should interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by the Board.

 

Full details about the Rights Plan are contained in a Form 8-K filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2013.

 

On June 18, 2014 an amendment to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement was filed appointing American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as successor to Illinois Stock Transfer Company. All original rights and provisions remain unchanged. On August 18, 2015 an amendment was filed to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement changing the final expiration date to mean the fifth anniversary of the date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On May 22, 2017 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the seventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On February 22, 2019 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the ninth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On March 4, 2021 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the eleventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On April 4, 2023 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the fourteenth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same.

 

Determination of whether distributions are considered a cash distribution, cash dividend or combination of the two are not made until after December 31, 2023, as the classification or combination is dependent upon the Company’s earnings and profits for tax purposes for its fiscal year ending November 30, 2023.

 

The Company believes execution of its cash distribution/dividend policy will not have any material adverse effects on its ability to fund current operations or future capital investments.

 

 

ITEM 6.  RESERVED

 

 

ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The selected financial data contained herein has been derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company included elsewhere in this Report on Form 10-K. The data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.  Certain statements contained in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, including statements regarding the development of the Company's business, the markets for the Company's products, anticipated capital expenditures, and the effects of completed and proposed acquisitions, and other statements and disclosures contained herein and throughout this Annual Report regarding matters that are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements (as such term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). In such cases, we may use words such as "believe," "intend," "expect," "anticipate" and the like.  Because such statements include risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Certain risks and uncertainties are wholly or partially outside the control of the Company and its management, including its ability to attract new franchisees; the continued success of current franchisees; the effects of competition on franchisee store results; consumer acceptance of the Company's products in new and existing markets; fluctuation in development and operating costs; brand awareness; availability and terms of capital; adverse publicity; acceptance of new product offerings; availability of locations and terms of sites for store development; food, labor and employee benefit costs; changes in government regulation (including increases in the minimum wage); regional economic and weather conditions; the hiring, training, and retention of skilled corporate and restaurant management; and the integration and assimilation of acquired concepts. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date hereof.  The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

 

GENERAL

 

The Company has 63 franchised and 4 licensed units with 5 units under development at the end of 2023. Units in operation and under development at the end of 2022 included 68 franchised and 4 licensed units and 2 units under development.  System-wide revenues were $40.5 million in 2023 and $38.2 million in 2022.

 

The Company's revenues are derived primarily from the ongoing royalties paid to the Company by its franchisees and from receipt of initial franchise fees.  Additionally, the Company derives revenue from the sale of licensed products (My Favorite Muffin mix, and Brewster's coffee) to franchisees, licensees and other approved customers.

 

YEAR 2023 COMPARED TO YEAR 2022

 

Total revenues from all sources increased $223,000, or 6.8%, to $3,510,000 in 2023 from $3,287,000 in the prior year. Marketing revenue increased $163,000 in 2023 compared to 2022 and royalty revenue increased $107,000, offset by a decrease in franchise fee revenue of $26,000 in 2023 versus 2022, and licensing and other revenue decreased $20,000 in 2023 compared to 2022.

 

Royalty fee revenue of $1,945,000, for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023, increased $107,000, or 5.8%, from the $1,838,000 for fiscal year ended November 30, 2022. The increase in royalties for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 was primarily due to franchisees continued increase in usage of online ordering and delivery services in their areas, combined with many franchisees during fiscal 2023 raised prices, as was common in the restaurant industry.

 

Franchise fee revenue decreased $26,000, or 49.1%, to $27,000 in 2023 as compared to $53,000 in 2022. In 2023 there were two transfers, and one store closed that had not been fully amortized resulting in $2,000 in franchise fees recognized, in addition to the normal monthly amortization. In 2022 there were five transfers, one store closed that had not been fully amortized resulting in $5,000 in franchise fees recognized and one store opened resulting in $6,000 in franchise fee in addition to the normal monthly amortization.

 

Licensing fees and other income decreased $20,000, or 6.4%, to $294,000 in 2023 compared to $314,000 in 2022.  Marketing fund revenues increased $163,000, or 15.1% to $1,244,000 in 2023 compared to $1,081,000 in 2022.

 

Total operating expenses in 2023 were $2,895,000, or 82.5% of revenues, compared to $2,679,000, or 81.5% of revenues in 2022. Total operating expenses in 2023 increased $216,000, or 8.1%, compared to 2022.

 

The increase in operating expenses of $216,000, or 8.1% in 2023 was primarily due to an increase in marketing expenses of $163,000, an increase in payroll and payroll taxes of $43,000, an increase in travel expenses of $7,000, an increase in occupancy expense of $6,000, an increase in employee benefit expenses of $2,000, and other expenses increased $2,000 compared to the same period 2022. These were offset by a decrease in professional fee expense of $4,000, and a decrease in advertising and promotion expense of $3,000 in fiscal 2023 compared to the same period 2022.

 

Interest income was $36,000 in 2023 versus less than $1,000 in 2022.

 

In 2023 there was an income tax expense of $183,000 which includes $27,000 of noncash deferred tax expense, $117,000 of federal income tax, and $39,000 of state taxes. In 2022 there was an income tax expense of $176,000 which includes $117,000 of noncash deferred tax expense, $37,000 of federal income tax, which was net of an NOL carryover and $22,000 of state taxes. There was net income of $467,000 in 2023 versus a net income of $432,000 in 2022.

 

Total operating income before interest and taxes was $615,000 in 2023 or 17.5% of revenue as compared to $608,000 or 18.5% of revenue in the prior year. In 2023 and 2022 earnings per share for basic and diluted outstanding shares was $0.06 for both years.

 

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

At November 30. 2023, the Company had working capital of $1,614,000 and unrestricted cash of $1,889,000. At November 30, 2022, the Company had working capital of 1,386,000 and unrestricted cash of $1,623,000.

    

During fiscal 2023, the Company had net income of $467,000 and operating activities which provided cash of $534,000. The principal adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities were depreciation and amortization of $4,000, deferred tax expense of $28,000, provision for uncollectible accounts of $18,000 and noncash lease expense of $99,000. In addition, changes in other operating assets and liabilities decreased cash a total of $82,000. During fiscal 2022, the Company had net income of $432,000 and operating activities which provided cash of $135,000. The principal adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities were depreciation and amortization of $4,000, deferred tax expense of $118,000 and noncash lease expense of $99,000, less the recovery of uncollectible accounts of $1,000 and $5,000 in sales-type lease income. In addition, changes in other operating assets and liabilities decreased cash a total of $512,000.

 

During fiscal 2023, the Company used $1,000 for investing activities and no funds were used in fiscal 2022.

 

Financing activities in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 included cash used for distributions/dividend payments to common stockholders of $363,000 and $291,000, respectively.

 

Although there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to pay cash distributions/dividends in the future, it is the Company’s intent that future cash distributions/dividends will be considered based on profitability expectations and financing needs and will be declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors. It is the Company’s intent going forward to declare and pay cash distributions/dividends on a quarterly basis if warranted.

 

Determination of whether distributions are considered a cash distribution, cash dividend or combination of the two will not be made until after December 31, 2023, as the classification or combination is dependent upon the Company’s earnings and profits for tax purposes for its fiscal year ending November 30, 2023.

 

The Company believes execution of its cash distribution/dividend policy will not have any material adverse effects on its ability to fund current operations or future capital investments.

 

 

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 

The Company has no off balance sheet arrangements.

 

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

The Company's significant accounting policies are presented in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 2 of the audited consolidated financial statements included herein).  While all of the significant accounting policies impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements, some of the policies may be viewed to be more critical.  The more critical policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of the Company's financial condition and results of operations and that require management's most difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments and estimates.   Management bases its judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.  The results of judgments and estimates form the basis for making judgments about the Company's value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.   Management believes the following are its most critical accounting policies because they require more significant judgments and estimates in preparation of its consolidated financial statements.

 

Long-Lived Assets

 

Property and equipment are recorded at cost.  Improvements and replacements are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance and routine repairs that do not extend the life of the asset are charged to expense as incurred.  Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.  Estimated useful lives for the purpose of depreciation and amortization are 3 to 7 years for property and equipment and 10 years, or the term of the lease if less, for leasehold improvements.

 

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” requires that assets with indefinite lives no longer be amortized, but instead be subject to annual impairment tests. The Company follows this guidance.

 

Following the guidelines contained in ASC 350, the Company tests goodwill and intangible assets that are not subject to amortization for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that impairment is possible. The Company has elected to conduct its annual test during the first quarter. During the quarters ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, management qualitatively assessed goodwill to determine whether testing was necessary. Factors that management considers in this assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance (both current and projected), changes in management and strategy, and changes in the composition and carrying amounts of net assets. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than it’s carrying value, a quantitative assessment is then performed.

 

Although the Covid-19 Pandemic caused significant disruption to our industry, the Company has returned to growth of royalty revenues. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2023 royalty revenues were up 5.8% from same period 2022 and 18.2% from the same period 2019 (pre-pandemic). Management reviewed and updated the qualitative assessment conducted during the first quarter 2023 at year end and does not believe that any impairment exists at November 30, 2023.

 

Concentrations of Credit Risk

 

Certain financial instruments potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk.  These financial instruments consist primarily of royalty and wholesale accounts receivables.   The Company believes it has maintained adequate reserves for doubtful accounts.  The Company reviews the collectability of receivables periodically taking into account payment history and industry conditions.

 

Deferred Taxes

 

The Company routinely reviews the future realization of tax assets based on projected future reversals of taxable temporary differences, available tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income.

 

 

Lease Receivables Commitments

 

The Company leases restaurant equipment to a certain franchise under a sales-type lease agreement. The lease agreement does not contain any non-lease components. The lease term is for a period of seven years, beginning June 1, 2022 and ending June 1, 2029. The lease requires weekly payments of $121 for a total 365 payments, and a final optional buy-out payment of $4,800, which management believes estimates residual value. At November 30, 2023, management does not believe the unguaranteed residual asset value of $4,800 to be impaired.

 

During the period ended November 30, 2023, the Company had no revenue from the sale of the lease compared to $5,319 in 2022. The income is included in Licensing fees and other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income for fiscal 2022. The Company also recorded interest income from the lease of $456 in 2023 and $256 in 2022.

 

The sales lease is included in the balance sheet at the current value of the lease payments at a 1.25% discount rate, which reflects the rate implicit in the lease agreement.

 

Leases

 

The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842. Lease arrangements are determined at the inception of the contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. 

 

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Franchise and related revenue

 

The Company sells individual franchises. The franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay an initial, non-refundable fee prior to opening the respective location(s), and continuing royalty fees on a weekly basis based upon a percentage of franchisee net sales. The initial term of franchise agreements are typically 10 years.  Subject to the Company’s approval, a franchisee may generally renew the franchise agreement upon its expiration.  If approved, a franchisee may transfer a franchise agreement to a new or existing franchisee, at which point a transfer fee is typically paid by the current owner which then terminates that franchise agreement. A franchise agreement is signed with the new franchisee with no franchise fee required. If a contract is terminated prior to its term, it is a breach of contract and a penalty is assessed based on a formula reviewed and approved by management. Revenue generated from a contract breach is termed settlement income by the Company and included in licensing fees and other income.

 

Under the terms of our franchise agreements, the Company typically promises to provide franchise rights, pre-opening services such as blueprints, operational materials, planning and functional training courses, and ongoing services, such as management of the marketing fund. The Company considers certain pre-opening activities and the franchise rights and related ongoing services represent two separate performance obligations. The franchise fee revenue has been allocated to the two separate performance obligations using a residual approach. The Company has estimated the value of performance obligations related to certain pre-opening activities deemed to be distinct based on cost plus an applicable margin, and assigned the remaining amount of the initial franchise fee to the franchise rights and ongoing services. Revenue allocated to preopening activities is recognized when (or as) these services are performed. Revenue allocated to franchise rights and ongoing services is deferred until the store opens, and recognized on a straight-line basis over the duration of the agreement, as this ensures that revenue recognition aligns with the customer’s access to the franchise right.

 

 

Franchise and related revenue (continued)

 

Royalty fees from franchised stores represent a 5% fee on net retail and wholesale sales of franchised units. Royalty revenues are recognized on an accrual basis using actual franchise receipts. Generally, franchisees report and remit royalties on a weekly basis. The majority of month-end receipts are recorded on an accrual basis based on actual numbers from reports received from franchisees shortly after the month-end. Estimates are utilized in certain instances where actual numbers have not been received and such estimates are based on the average of the last 10 weeks’ actual reported sales.

 

Royalty income is recognized during the respective franchise agreement based on the royalties earned each period as the underlying franchise store sales occur.

 

There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated stand-alone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.

 

Nontraditional and rebate revenue

 

As part of the Company’s franchise agreements, the franchisee purchases products and supplies from designated vendors.  The Company may receive various fees and rebates from the vendors and distributors on product purchases by franchisees.  In addition, the Company may collect various initial fees, and those fees are classified as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and straight lined over the life of the contract as deferred revenue in the balance sheet. The Company does not possess control of the products prior to their transfer to the franchisee and products are delivered to franchisees directly from the vendor or their distributors. The Company recognizes the rebates as franchisees purchase products and supplies from vendors or distributors and recognizes the initial fees over the contract life and the fees are reported as licensing fees and other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

Gift card breakage revenue

 

The Company sells gift cards to its customers in its retail stores and through its Corporate office. The Company’s gift cards do not have an expiration date and are not redeemable for cash except where required by law. Revenue from gift cards is recognized upon redemption in exchange for product and reported within franchisee store revenue and the royalty and marketing fees are paid and shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Until redemption, outstanding customer balances are recorded as a liability. An obligation is recorded at the time of sale of the gift card and it is included in accrued expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at November 30, 2023 and 2022 were liabilities of $226,000 and $239,000, respectively for unredeemed gift cards.

 

The liability is reduced when the gift cards are redeemed by a franchise. Although there are no expiration dates for our gift cards, based on our analysis of historical gift card redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” The Company recognizes gift card breakage proportional to actual gift card redemptions on a quarterly basis and the corresponding revenue is included in licensing fees and other revenue. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the breakage rate and will be reassessed each quarter.

 

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard’s main goal is to improve financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on financing receivables and other financial assets in scope, including trade receivables. The amendments in this update broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for fiscal years and for interim periods with those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for fiscal year ending November 30, 2026.

 

Management does not believe that there are any recently issued and effective or not yet effective accounting pronouncements as of November 30, 2023 that would have or are expected to have any significant effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows or income statement.

 

 

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

In regard to interest, foreign currency and commodity price risk the Company does not believe that these are significant risk factors.

 

 

 

 

BAB, Inc

Consolidated Balance Sheets

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

BAB, Inc

Consolidated Statements of Income

Years Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

BAB, Inc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Years Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

BAB, Inc

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 1 - Nature of Operations

 

BAB, Inc (“the Company”) has three wholly owned subsidiaries: BAB Systems, Inc. (“Systems”) and BAB Operations, Inc. (“Operations”) and BAB Investments, Inc. (“Investments”). Systems was incorporated on December 2, 1992, and was primarily established to franchise Big Apple Bagels® (“BAB”) specialty bagel retail stores. My Favorite Muffin (“MFM”) was acquired in 1997 and is included as a part of Systems. Brewster’s (“Brewster’s”) was established in 1996 and the coffee is sold in BAB and MFM locations. SweetDuet® (“SD”) frozen yogurt can be added as an additional brand in a BAB or MFM location. Operations was formed in 1995, primarily to operate Company-owned stores of which there are currently none. The assets of Jacobs Bros. Bagels (“Jacobs Bros.”) were acquired in 1999, and any branded wholesale business uses this trademark. Investments was incorporated in 2009 to be used for the purpose of acquisitions. To date there have been no acquisitions.

 

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 12, 2000.  The Company currently franchises and licenses bagel and muffin retail units under the BAB, MFM and SD trade names. At November 30, 2023, the Company had 63 franchise units and 4 licensed units in operation in 20 states. There are 5 units under development. The Company's revenues are derived primarily from the ongoing royalties paid to the Company by its franchisees and from receipt of initial franchise fees.  Additionally, the Company derives revenue from the sale of licensed products (My Favorite Muffin mix, and Brewster's coffee) to franchisees, licensees and other approved customers.

 

The BAB franchised brand consists of units operating as “Big Apple Bagels®,” featuring daily baked bagels, flavored cream cheeses, premium coffees, gourmet bagel sandwiches and other related products. BAB units are primarily concentrated in the Midwest and Western United States.  The MFM brand consists of units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Gourmet Muffin Bakery®” (“MFM Bakery”), featuring a large variety of freshly baked muffins and coffees and units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Your All Day Bakery Café®” (“MFM Cafe”) featuring these products as well as a variety of specialty bagel sandwiches and related products.  The SweetDuet® is a branded self-serve frozen yogurt that can be added as an additional brand in a BAB location.  Although the Company doesn't actively market Brewster's stand-alone franchises, Brewster's coffee products are sold in most franchised units.     

 

The Company is leveraging on the natural synergy of distributing muffin products in existing BAB units and, alternatively, bagel products and Brewster's Coffee in existing MFM units. The Company expects to continue to realize efficiencies in servicing the combined base of BAB and MFM franchisees.

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Uses of Estimates

 

The preparation of the financial statements and accompanying notes are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

- 22 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities of less than 90 days. The balances of bank accounts may, at times, exceed federally insured credit limits. The Company has not experienced any loss in such accounts and believes it is not subject to any significant credit risk related to cash at November 30, 2023.

 

Accounts and Notes Receivable

 

Receivables are carried at original invoice amount less estimates for doubtful accounts. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by reviewing and identifying troubled accounts and by using historical collection experience. A receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding 90 days past the due date. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded as income when received. Certain receivables have been converted to unsecured interest-bearing notes.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives are 3 to 7 years for property and equipment and 10 years, or term of lease if less, for leasehold improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that materially extend the useful lives of assets are capitalized.

 

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” requires that assets with indefinite lives no longer be amortized, but instead be subject to annual impairment tests. The Company follows this guidance.

 

Following the guidelines contained in ASC 350, the Company tests goodwill and intangible assets that are not subject to amortization for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that impairment is possible. The Company has elected to conduct its annual test during the first quarter. During the quarters ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, management qualitatively assessed goodwill to determine whether testing was necessary. Factors that management considers in this assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance (both current and projected), changes in management and strategy, and changes in the composition and carrying amounts of net assets. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than it’s carrying value, a quantitative assessment is then performed.

 

Although the Covid-19 Pandemic caused significant disruption to our industry, the Company has returned to growth of royalty revenues. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2023 royalty revenues were up 5.8% from same period 2022 and 18.2% from the same period 2019 (pre-pandemic). Management reviewed and updated the qualitative assessment conducted during the first quarter 2023 at year end and does not believe that any impairment exists at November 30, 2023.

 

- 23 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (continued)

 

The net book value of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite and definite lives are as follows:

 

		Goodwill				Trademarks				Definite Lived Intangibles				Total
Net Balance as of November 30, 2021		$	1,493,771			$	461,445			$	22,664			$	1,977,880
Additions			-				-				-				-
Amortization expense			-				-				(3,692	)			(3,692	)
Net Balance as of November 30, 2022		$	1,493,771			$	461,445			$	18,972			$	1,974,188
Additions			-				-				1,180				1,180
Amortization expense			-				-				(3,807	)			(3,807	)
Net Balance as of November 30, 2022		$	1,493,771			$	461,445			$	16,345			$	1,971,561

 

Advertising and Promotion Costs

 

The Company expenses advertising and promotion costs as incurred. All advertising and promotion costs were related to the Company’s franchise operations. Advertising and promotion expense was $12,000 and $15,000 in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB Topic 40. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The benefits from net operating losses carried forward may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances.

 

The Company files a consolidated U.S. income tax return and tax returns in various state jurisdictions. Review of the Company’s possible tax uncertainties as of November 30, 2023 did not result in any positions requiring disclosure. Should the Company need to record interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions or other tax authority assessments, it would classify such expenses as part of the income tax provision. The Company has not changed any of its tax policies or adopted any new tax positions during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 and believes it has filed appropriate tax returns in all jurisdictions for which it has nexus.

 

The Company’s income tax returns, which are filed as a consolidated return, for the years ending November 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to examination by the IRS and corresponding states, generally for three years after they are filed.

 

- 24 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Leases

 

The company accounts for leases under ASC 842. Lease arrangements are determined at the inception of the contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. 

 

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard’s main goal is to improve financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on financing receivables and other financial assets in scope, including trade receivables. The amendments in this update broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for fiscal years and for interim periods with those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for fiscal year ending November 30, 2026.

 

Management does not believe that there are any recently issued and effective or not yet effective accounting pronouncements as of November 30, 2023 that would have or are expected to have any significant effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows or income statement.

 

- 25 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Segments

 

Accounting standards have established annual reporting standards for an enterprise’s operating segments and related disclosures about its products, services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company’s operations were a single reportable segment.

 

Statement of Cash Flows

 

The chart below shows the cash and restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows as of November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were as follows:

 

		November 30, 2023				November 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents		$	1,888,728			$	1,623,256
Restricted cash			183,944				279,405
Total cash and restricted cash		$	2,072,672			$	1,902,661

 

Earnings Per Share

 

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) under ASC 260 “Earnings per Share.” Basic net earnings are divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year to calculate basic net earnings per common share. Diluted net earnings per common share are calculated to give effect to the potential dilution that could occur if options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and resulted in the issuance of additional common shares. There are currently no stock options issued or outstanding.

 

		2023				2022
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders		$	467,321			$	431,992
Denominator:
Weighted average outstanding shares
Basic and diluted			7,263,508				7,263,508
Earnings per Share - Basic and diluted		$	0.06			$	0.06

 

At November 30, 2023 and 2022, there are no common stock equivalents. In addition, the weighted average shares do not include any effects for potential shares related to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement.

 

- 26 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Franchise and related revenue

 

The Company sells individual franchises. The franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay an initial, non-refundable fee prior to opening the respective location(s), and continuing royalty fees on a weekly basis based upon a percentage of franchisee net sales. The initial term of franchise agreements are typically 10 years.  Subject to the Company’s approval, a franchisee may generally renew the franchise agreement upon its expiration.  If approved, a franchisee may transfer a franchise agreement to a new or existing franchisee, at which point a transfer fee is typically paid by the current owner which then terminates that franchise agreement. A franchise agreement is signed with the new franchisee with no franchise fee required. If a contract is terminated prior to its term, it is a breach of contract and a penalty is assessed based on a formula reviewed and approved by management. Revenue generated from a contract breach is termed settlement income by the Company and included in licensing fees and other income.

 

There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated standalone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.

 

Under the terms of our franchise agreements, the Company typically promises to provide franchise rights, pre-opening services such as blueprints, operational materials, planning and functional training courses, and ongoing services, such as management of the marketing fund. The Company considers certain pre-opening activities and the franchise rights and related ongoing services to represent two separate performance obligations. The franchise fee revenue has been allocated to the two separate performance obligations using a residual approach. The Company has estimated the value of performance obligations related to certain pre-opening activities deemed to be distinct based on cost plus an applicable margin, and assigned the remaining amount of the initial franchise fee to the franchise rights and ongoing services. Revenue allocated to preopening activities is recognized when (or as) these services are performed. Revenue allocated to franchise rights and ongoing services is deferred until the store opens, and recognized on a straight-line basis over the duration of the agreement, as this ensures that revenue recognition aligns with the customer’s access to the franchise right.

 

Royalty fees from franchised stores represent a 5% fee on net retail and wholesale sales of franchised units. Royalty revenues are recognized on an accrual basis using actual franchise receipts. Generally, franchisees report and remit royalties on a weekly basis. The majority of month-end receipts are recorded on an accrual basis based on actual numbers from reports received from franchisees shortly after the month-end. Estimates are utilized in certain instances where actual numbers have not been received and such estimates are based on the average of the last 10 weeks’ actual reported sales.

 

Royalty revenue is recognized during the respective franchise agreement based on the royalties earned each period as the underlying franchise store sales occur.

 

There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated stand-alone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.

 

- 27 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Gift card breakage revenue

 

The Company sells gift cards to its customers in its retail stores and through its Corporate office. The Company’s gift cards do not have an expiration date and are not redeemable for cash except where required by law. Revenue from gift cards is recognized upon redemption in exchange for product and reported within franchisee store revenue and the royalty and marketing fees are paid and shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Until redemption, outstanding customer balances are recorded as a liability. An obligation is recorded at the time of sale of the gift card and it is included in accrued expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

The liability is reduced when the gift cards are redeemed by a franchise. Although there are no expiration dates for our gift cards, based on our analysis of historical gift card redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” The Company recognizes gift card breakage proportional to actual gift card redemptions on a quarterly basis and the corresponding revenue is included in licensing fees and other revenue. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the breakage rate and are reassessed each quarter.

 

Nontraditional and rebate revenue

 

As part of the Company’s franchise agreements, the franchisee purchases products and supplies from designated vendors.  The Company may receive various fees and rebates from the vendors and distributors on product purchases by franchisees.  In addition, the Company may collect various initial fees, and those fees are classified as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and straight lined over the life of the contract as deferred revenue in the balance sheet. The Company does not possess control of the products prior to their transfer to the franchisee and products are delivered to franchisees directly from the vendor or their distributors. The Company recognizes the rebates as franchisees purchase products and supplies from vendors or distributors and recognizes the initial fees over the contract life and the fees are reported as licensing fees and other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

Marketing Fund

 

Franchise agreements require the franchisee to pay continuing marketing fees on a weekly basis, based on a percentage of franchisee sales. Marketing fees are not paid on franchise wholesale sales. The balance sheet includes marketing fund cash, which is the restricted cash, accounts receivable and unexpended marketing fund contributions. Although the marketing fees are not separate performance obligations distinct from the underlying franchise right, the Company acts as the principal as it is primarily responsible for the fulfillment and control of the marketing services. As a result, the Company records marketing fees in revenues and related marketing fund expenditures in expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company historically presented the net activities of the marketing fund within the balance sheet in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. While this reclassification impacts the gross amount of reported revenue and expenses the amounts will be offsetting, and there is no impact on net income.   

 

- 28 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition

 

Disaggregation of Revenue

 

The following table presents disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended November 30, 2023 and 2022:

 

		For year ended November 30, 2023				For year ended November 30, 2022
Revenue recognized at a point in time
Sign Shop revenue		$	2,279			$	3,296
Settlement revenue			33,500				16,750
Lease income			-				5,319
Total revenue at a point in time			35,779				25,365
Revenue recognized over time
Royalty revenue			1,944,894				1,838,276
Franchise fees			26,999				53,149
License fees			17,145				17,743
Gift card revenue			21,129				4,665
Nontraditional revenue			220,009				266,569
Marketing fund revenue			1,243,890				1,081,320
Total revenue over time			3,474,066				3,261,722
Grand total		$	3,509,845			$	3,287,087

 

Contract balances

 

The balance of contract liabilities includes franchise fees, license fees and vendor payments that have ongoing contract rights and the fees are being straight lined over the contract life. Contract liabilities also include marketing fund balances and gift card liability balances.

 

		November 30, 2023				November 30, 2022
Liabilities
Contract liabilities - current		$	458,162			$	563,895
Contract liabilities - long-term			162,026				128,465
Total Contract Liabilities		$	620,188			$	692,360

 

		November 30, 2023				November 30, 2022
Contracts at beginning of period		$	692,360			$	972,470
Revenue Recognized during period			(1,685,740	)			(1,742,303	)
Additions during period			1,613,568				1,462,193
Contracts at end of period		$	620,188			$	692,360

 

 

- 29 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Contract balances (continued)

 

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations (franchise agreements and license fee agreement) for the year ended November 30:

 

2024		30,094
2025			33,833
2026			20,253
2027			18,553
2028			18,021
Thereafter			71,366
Total		$	192,120

 

The Company has elected to apply certain practical expedients as defined in ASC 606-10-50-14 through 606-10-50-14A, including (i) performance obligations that are a part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less; (ii) the right to invoice practical expedient; and (iii) variable consideration related to unsatisfied performance obligations that is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation, and the terms of that variable consideration relate specifically to our efforts to transfer the distinct service, or to a specific outcome from transferring the distinct service. As such, sales-based royalty and marketing income, as well as gift card breakage revenue, is not included in the above transaction price chart.

 

 

Note 4 - Units Open, Licensed and Under Development

 

Big Apple Bagels®, SweetDuet Frozen Yogurt and Gourmet Muffins® and My Favorite Muffin® operating units, licensed units and unopened stores for which a Franchise Agreement has been executed, are as follows:

 

		November 30, 2023				November 30, 2022
Stores open:
Franchisee-owned stores			63				68
Licensed Units			4				4
			67				72
Unopened stores with Franchise Agreements			5				2
Total operating units and units with Franchise Agreements			72				74

 

- 30 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 5 – Income Taxes

 

The components of the Company’s provision for income taxes are as follows:

 

		2023				2022
Current
Federal		$	116,715			$	36,501
State			38,692				22,100
Deferred			27,593				117,586
Total		$	183,000			$	176,187

 

In fiscal 2023 and 2022 the federal and state effective tax rates were within the customary statutory tax rate of federal 21% and a state rate of 7.11%.

 

A reconciliation of the expected income tax expense to the recorded income tax expense is as follows for the years ended November 30:

 

		2023				2022
Federal income tax provision computed at federal statutory rate		$	136,857			$	128,012
State income taxes, net of federal tax provision			46,336				43,341
Change in valuation allowance and other adjustments			(193	)			4,834
Tax Provision		$	183,000			$	176,187

 

- 31 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 5 – Income Taxes (continued)

 

The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities for federal and state income taxes consist of the following:

 

		2023				2022
Deferred revenue		$	54,005			$	44,682
Marketing Fund net contributions			50,094				78,541
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable			8,116				3,056
Accrued expenses			55,070				60,868
Operating lease liability			11,193				43,206
Net operating loss carryforwards			-				-
Total Deferred Income Tax Asset		$	178,478			$	230,353
Depreciation and amortization		$	(478,566	)		$	(476,180	)
Right of use lease asset			(9,205	)			(35,873	)
Total Deferred Income Tax Liabilities		$	(487,771	)		$	(512,053	)
Total Net Deferred Tax Liability		$	(309,293	)		$	(281,700	)

 

As of November 30, 2023 and 2022 the Company had no unused net operating loss carryforwards.

 

The Company routinely reviews the future realization of tax assets based on projected future reversals of taxable temporary differences, available tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income.

 

The Company’s income tax returns, which are filed as a consolidated return for the years ending November 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to examination by the IRS and corresponding states, generally for three years after they are filed.

 

 

Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity

 

On December 11, 2023 the Board of Directors declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 27, 2023, paid January 16, 2024. 

 

On September 12, 2023 the Board of Directors (“Board”) declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2023, paid October 18, 2023. On June 6, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2023, paid on July 11, 2023. On March 13, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 30, 2023, paid on April 19, 2023. On December 07, 2022 the Board declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2022, paid January 11, 2023.

 

On September 9, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2022, paid October 20, 2022. On June 3, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2022, paid July 11, 2022. On March 7, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 cash distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 29, 2022, paid April 18, 2022. On December 06, 2021 the Board declared a $0.01 cash distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2021, paid January 11, 2022.

 

- 32 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

 

 

On May 6, 2013, the Board authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one right for each outstanding share of the common stock of the Company to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 13, 2013. Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of the Series A Participating Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.90 per one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment. The complete terms of the Rights are set forth in a Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated May 6, 2013, between the Company and IST Shareholder Services, as rights agent.

 

The Board adopted the Rights Agreement to protect stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. In general terms, it works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group, other than exempt person as defined in the agreement, that acquires 15% (or 20% in the case of certain institutional investors who report their holdings on Schedule 13G) or more of the Common Shares without the approval of the Board. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Rights may be to render more difficult a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving the Company that is not approved by the Board. However, neither the Rights Agreement nor the Rights should interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by the Board.

 

Full details about the Rights Plan are contained in a Form 8-K filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2013.

 

On June 18, 2014 an amendment to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement was filed appointing American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as successor to Illinois Stock Transfer Company. All original rights and provisions remain unchanged. On August 18, 2015 an amendment was filed to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement changing the final expiration date to mean the fifth anniversary of the date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On May 22, 2017 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the seventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On February 22, 2019 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the ninth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On March 4, 2021 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the eleventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On April 4, 2023 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the fourteenth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same.

 

Determination of whether distributions are considered a cash distribution, cash dividend or combination of the two are not made until after December 31, 2023, as the classification or combination is dependent upon the Company’s earnings and profits for tax purposes for its fiscal year ending November 30, 2023.

 

The Company believes execution of its cash distribution/dividend policy will not have any material adverse effects on its ability to fund current operations or future capital investments.

 

- 33 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 7 – Lease Receivables Commitments

 

The Company leases restaurant equipment to a certain franchise under a sales-type lease agreement. The lease agreement does not contain any non-lease components. The lease term is for a period of seven years, beginning June 1, 2022 and ending June 1, 2029. The lease requires weekly payments of $121 for a total 365 payments, and a final optional buy-out payment of $4,800, which management believes estimates residual value. At November 30, 2023, management does not believe the unguaranteed residual asset value of $4,800 to be impaired. The equipment is owned by BAB Systems, Inc., and title will not pass to lessee until all payments are made, including the final buy-out payment. The equipment value is collateral for the outstanding balance of the lease receivable, and the Company manages the risk associated with the residual value by requiring the lessee to use the equipment within specified parameters. A Business Consultant employed by BAB Systems, Inc. makes annual visits and reviews the usage and condition of the leased equipment.

 

During the period ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded lease revenue, which is included in licensing fees and other income in 2022 and interest income in 2023 and 2022 related to the lease as follows:

 

		November 30, 2023				November 30, 2022
Lease income		$	-			$	5,319
Lease interest			456				256
Total lease revenue		$	456			$	5,575

 

The sales lease is included in the balance sheet at the current value of the lease payments at a 1.25% discount rate, which reflects the rate implicit in the lease agreement.

 

Future minimum lease payments receivable as of November 30, 2023 are as follows:

 

		Undiscounted Rent Payments
Year Ending November 30:
2024			6,283
2025			6,283
2026			6,404
2027			6,283
2028			6,283
thereafter			7,942
Total Undiscounted Lease Payments			39,478
Unamortized interest income			(1,172	)
Lease receivable, net		$	38,306
Short-term lease receivable		$	5,900
Long-term lease receivable			32,406
Total lease receivable		$	38,306

 

- 34 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 8 – Lease Commitments

 

The Company rents its office under an operating lease which requires it to pay base rent, real estate taxes, insurance and general repairs and maintenance. A lease was signed in June of 2018, effective October 1, 2018, expiring on March 31, 2024 with an option to renew for a 5 year period. A six month rent abatement and tenant allowance was provided in the lease, with any unused portion to be applied to base rent. The unused portion was determined to be $21,300. The renewal option has not been included in the measurement of the lease liability.

 

Monthly rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rent expenses for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were $97,100 and $91,100, respectively. At November 30, 2023, the remaining lease term was 4 months. The operating lease is included in the balance sheet at the present value of the lease payments at a 5.25% discount rate. The discount rate was considered to be an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

 

Gross future minimum annual rental commitments as of November 30, 2023, are as follows:

 

		Undiscounted Rent Payments
Year Ending November 30:
2024			40,177
Total Undiscounted Rent Payments		$	40,177
Present Value Discount			(359	)
Present Value		$	39,818
Short-term lease liability		$	39,818
Long-term lease liability			-
Total Operating Lease Liability		$	39,818

 

On February 15, 2024 a lease was signed, effective April 1, 2024 for a 6 year period, expiring on March 31, 2030. The Company will be required to pay base rent, real estate taxes, insurance and general repairs and maintenance. Base rent is $23.00 per square foot for the first year with a 3% increase per year before rent abatement and tenant allowance. There is a total of 10 months of gross rent abatement, 2 months in each of the first four years and then one month in the remaining 2 years. The lease includes a tenant allowance of $158,900 to be applied evenly to the 62 monthly rent payments.

 

- 35 -

---

 

 

BAB, Inc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

November 30, 2023 and 2022

 

 

Note 9– Employee Benefit Plan

 

The Company maintains a qualified 401(k) plan which allows participants to make pretax contributions. In fiscal 2015, the Company amended the 401(k) plan, establishing it as a Safe Harbor plan effective January 1, 2015. Employee contributions are matched by the Company in accordance with the Plan up to a maximum of 4% of employee earnings. The Company may also make discretionary contributions to the Plan. In fiscal 2023 and 2022 the Company’s employer match was $38,700 and $40,100, respectively. There were no Company discretionary contributions in 2023 or 2022.

 

 

Note 10 – Contingencies

 

We may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of such proceedings or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material effect on our financial position. We know of no pending or threatened proceeding or claim to which we are or will be a party.

 

- 36 -

---

 

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 

In connection with the audits of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for each of the fiscal years ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, and through the date of this Current Report, there were: (1) no disagreements between the Company and Sassetti LLC on any matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

BAB, Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Item 307 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by this report, and they have concluded that these controls and procedures were effective (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our executive and financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting includes using the COSO framework, an integrated framework for the evaluation of internal controls issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, to identify the risks and control objectives related to the evaluation of our control environment.

 

Based on our evaluation under the framework described above, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s internal controls and procedures were effective over financial reporting as of November 30, 2023.

 

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation requirements by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permits the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There were no changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could materially affect these controls over financial reporting during the last fiscal year. We have not identified any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls, and therefore there were no corrective actions taken.

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

 

None.

 

 

PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires the Company's executive officers and directors, and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of the Company's Common Stock, to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Executive officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners are required by the SEC to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

 

Based upon a review of the copies of such forms furnished to the Company, the Company believes that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its executive officers and directors were met during the year ended November 30, 2023.

 

BAB, Inc. (the Company) has a formally established Code of Ethics, pursuant to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In order to view the Code of Ethics in its entirety, see the BAB, Inc. Annual Report, Part III, Item 9, dated November 30, 2007 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2008.

 

Identification of Directors

 

The following two directors are independent directors:

 

Steven G. Feldman became a director of the Company in May 2003. Mr. Feldman brings 26 plus years of experience in business, sales and marketing as the CEO of Techcare, LLC (1987-2011), an IT managed services firm in Deerfield, IL that was purchased in 2011 by All Covered, a Division of Konica Minolta Solutions, USA, Inc., and four years (2019-2022) as CFO for an IT firm based in California. Mr. Feldman earned his degree in accounting and his CPA at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana.

 

James A. Lentz became a director of the Company in May 2004. From 1971 until 2000, Mr. Lentz was a business professor for Moraine Valley Community College (MVCC). During his tenure at MVCC, Mr. Lentz taught a variety of business related classes, including accounting, finance and marketing. In addition, Mr. Lentz has 10 years of experience in the food industry, including holding the position of Director of Franchise Training for BAB Systems, Inc. from 1992 through 1996. Mr. Lentz received both his undergraduate degree and a Masters in Business Administration from Northern Illinois University.

 

Executive Officers and Directors

 

Michael W. Evans has served as Chief Executive Officer, President and Director of the Company since its inception. Mr. Evans oversees all aspects of BAB, Inc., including franchise development, marketing, as well as all corporate franchise sales performance, corporate finance and corporate and franchise operations.

 

Michael K. Murtaugh has served as Vice President and General Counsel and Director of the Company since its inception. Mr. Murtaugh is responsible for dealing directly with state franchise regulatory officials, for the negotiation and enforcement of franchise and area development agreements and for negotiations of acquisition and other business arrangements. Before joining the Company, Mr. Murtaugh was a partner with the law firm of Baker & McKenzie, where he practiced law from 1971 to 1993.

 

 

Executive Officer

 

Geraldine Conn joined the Company as Controller in 2001. In 2014 she became the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer upon the resignation of the prior Chief Financial Officer. She is responsible for accounting, financial reporting, risk management and human resource administration. Ms. Conn has over 25 years of accounting and finance experience in a management role. Ms. Conn received her CPA in 1986 and a Masters in Business Administration in 1990 from DePaul University.

 

Directors and Executive Officers         

 

The following tables set forth certain information with respect to each of the Directors and Executive Officers of the Company and certain key management personnel.

 

Directors and Executive Officers	Age	Position Held with Company
Michael W. Evans	67	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
Michael K. Murtaugh	79	Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Director
Geraldine Conn	72	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Steven G. Feldman	67	Director
James A. Lentz	76	Director

 

 

Audit Committee

 

The Audit Committee consists of two members, who are both independent directors and both have been deemed to be financial experts as defined in Regulation S-K, Item 407.  The function of the Audit Committee is to interact with the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company and to recommend to the Board of Directors the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm.

 

The current Audit Committee consists of Steven G. Feldman and James A. Lentz. The two independent directors comply with the definition of "independent directors" as required by current law and regulations. The Audit Committee has adopted a written Audit Charter. See Appendix I in the Proxy, Form14A filed on April 19, 2006 for the Charter in its entirety.

 

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

The following table sets forth the cash compensation by executive officers that received annual salary and bonus compensation of more than $100,000 during years 2023 and 2022 (the "Named Executive Officers"). The Company has no employment agreements with any of its executive officers.

 

Summary Compensation Table

 

Name and Principal Position	Year		Salary ($)				Bonus ($)				Stock Awards ($)				Options Awards ($)				Nonequity Incentive Plan Compensation (S)				Non-qualified deferred Compensation earnings (S)				All other compensation ($) (1)				Total ($)
Michael W. Evans	2023			216,202				23,400				-				-				-				-				9,584				249,186
President and CEO	2022			215,243				15,000				-				-				-				-				9,210				239,453
Michael K. Murtaugh	2023			155,657				15,600				-				-				-				-				5,994				177,251
Vice President and General Counsel	2022			154,967				10,000				-				-				-				-				5,312				170,279
Geraldine Conn	2023			119,832				18,000				-				-				-				-				5,513				143,345
Chief Financial Officer	2022			114,216				-				-				-				-				-				4,569				118,785

 

In fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 bonuses were earned and a portion was paid and a portion was waived by Mr. Evans and Mr. Murtaugh. Bonuses for Executive Officers that are Directors are determined using measurable financial criteria approved by the Compensation Committee including, but not limited to, company profitability levels and performance in system-wide same store sales. A bonus for the Chief Financial Officer is at the discretion of the Chief Executive Officer. All other compensation includes the Company 401(k) matching funds.

(1)

401(k) matching funds:

2023 M. Evans $9,584; M. Murtaugh $5,994; G. Conn $5,513

2022 M. Evans $9,210; M. Murtaugh $5,312; G. Conn $4,569

 

 

The following tables set forth any stock or stock options awarded to executive officers that that are exercisable and not yet exercised or unexercisable as of November 30, 2023:

 

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

Name

Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) Exercisable

Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) Unexercisable

Equity incentive plan awards: number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#)

Option exercise price ($)

Option expiration date

Michael W. Evans

-

-

-

-

President and CEO

-

-

-

-

Michael K. Murtaugh

-

-

-

-

Vice President and General Counsel

-

-

-

-

 

 

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR-END

(Continued)

 

Name

Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (#)

Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested ($)

Equity incentive plan awards: number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#)

Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested ($)

Michael W. Evans

-

-

-

-

President and CEO

-

-

-

-

Michael K. Murtaugh

-

-

-

-

Vice President and General Counsel

-

-

-

-

 

 

The following table sets forth any compensation paid to directors during fiscal year ended November 30, 2023:

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Compensation for fiscal year ended November 30, 2023

 

Name		Fees earned or paid in cash ($)				Stock awards ($)				Option awards ($)				Non-equity incentive plan compensation ($)				Non-qualifies deferred compensation earnings ($)				All other compensation ($)				Total ($)
Steven Feldman			3,500				-				-				-				-				-				3,500
James Lentz			3,500				-				-				-				-				-				3,500

 

 

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

 

The Company's Certificate of Incorporation limits personal liability for breach of fiduciary duty by its directors to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "Delaware Law"). Such Certificate eliminates the personal liability of directors to the Company and its shareholders for damages occasioned by breach of fiduciary duty, except for liability based on breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Company, liability for acts or omissions not made in good faith, liability for acts or omissions involving intentional misconduct, liability based on payments or improper dividends, liability based on violation of state securities laws, and liability for acts occurring prior to the date such provision was added. Any amendment to or repeal of such provisions in the Company's Certificate of Incorporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Company for with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

 

In addition to the Delaware Law, the Company's Bylaws provide that officers and directors of the Company have the right to indemnification from the Company for liability arising out of certain actions to the fullest extent permissible by law. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act") may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to such indemnification provisions, the Company has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

The following table sets forth as of February 26, 2024 the record and beneficial ownership of Common Stock held by (i) each person who is known to the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Common Stock of the Company; (ii) each current director; (iii) each "named executive officer" (as defined in Regulation S-B, Item 402 under the Securities Act of 1933); and (iv) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group. Securities reported as "beneficially owned" include those for which the named persons may exercise voting power or investment power, alone or with others. Voting power and investment power are not shared with others unless so stated. The number and percent of shares of Common Stock of the Company beneficially owned by each such person as of February 26, 2024 includes the number of shares which such person has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days after such date.  

 

Name and Address		Shares				Percentage
Michael W. Evans 500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 475 Deerfield, IL 60015			1,432,468(1)				19.72
Michael K. Murtaugh 500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 475 Deerfield, IL 60015			968,054				13.33
Geraldine Conn 500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 475 Deerfield, IL 60015			20,300				.28
Steven G. Feldman 500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 475 Deerfield, IL 60015			10,000				.14
James A. Lentz 1415 College Lane South Wheaton, IL 60189			14,932				.21
Camelot Event-Driven Fund Frank Funds 781 Crandon Blvd, Unit 602 Key Biscayne, FL 33149			479,411				6.6
Executive officers and directors as a group (5 persons)			2,445,754(1)				33.67

 

(1) Includes 3,500 shares inherited by spouse.

 

-

 

 

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 

There are no transactions between the Company and related parties, including officers and directors of the Company. It is the Company's policy that it will not enter into any transactions with officers, directors or beneficial owners of more than 5% of the Company's Common Stock, or any entity controlled by or under common control with any such person, on terms less favorable to the Company than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties and all such transactions require the consent of the majority of disinterested members of the Board of Directors.

 

 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

The Board of Directors upon recommendation of the Audit Committee, appointed the firm Sassetti LLC, certified public accountants, for 2023 audit and tax services.

 

The audit reports of Sassetti LLC on the consolidated financial statements of BAB, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of and for the years ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and was not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

 

Audit fees relate to audit work performed on the financial statements as well as work that generally only the independent auditor can reasonably be expected to provide, including discussions surrounding the proper application of financial accounting and/or reporting standards and reviews of the financial statements included in quarterly reports filed on Form 10-Q.  Fees for audit services provided by Sassetti LLC were $60,000 and $53,500 for fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

Tax compliance services provided by Sassetti LLC were $11,000 and $10,600 for fiscal 2023 and 2022.

 

During the years ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, Sassetti LLC did not perform any other services for the Company.

 

Preapproval of Policies and Procedures by Audit Committee

 

The accountants provide a quote for services to the Audit Committee before work begins for the fiscal year.  After discussion, the Audit Committee then makes a recommendation to the Board of Directors on whether to accept the proposal.

 

Percentage of Services Approved by Audit Committee

 

All services were approved by the Audit Committee.

 

 

PART IV

 

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

(a)	Documents filed as part of this report:

(1)

Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets as at November 30, 2023 and 2022 and the Consolidated Statements of Income, Shareholders’ Equity and Cash Flows for the years ended November 30, 2023 and 2022 are reported on by Sassetti LLC.  These statements are prepared in accordance with United States GAAP.

(2)

Financial Statement Schedules - none

.

 

(b)	INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

The following Exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference:

 

INDEX NUMBER	DESCRIPTION
3.1	Articles of Incorporation (See Form 10-KSB for year ended November 30, 2006 filed February 28, 2007)
3.2	Bylaws of the Company (See Form 10-KSB for year ended November 30, 2006 filed February 28, 2007)
4.1	Preferred Shares Rights Agreement (See Form 8-K filed May 7, 2013)
4.2	Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 1 (See Form 8-K filed June 18, 2014)
4.3	Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 2 (See Form 8-K filed August 18, 2015)
4.4	Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 3 (See Form 8-K filed May 22, 2017)
4.5	Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 4 (See Form 8-K filed February 22, 2019)
4.6	Preferred Shares Rights Agreement Amendment No. 5 (See Form 8-K filed March 8, 2021)
21.1	List of Subsidiaries of the Company
31.1, 31.2	Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1, 32.2	Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
*XBRL	Information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus
	For purpose of sections 110 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

BAB, INC.

By /s/ Michael W. Evans

Michael W. Evans, Director, Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer)

Dated: February 26, 2024

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Dated: February 26, 2024

By /s/ Michael W. Evans

Michael W. Evans, Director, Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer)

Dated: February 26, 2024

By /s/ Michael K. Murtaugh

Michael K. Murtaugh, Director and Vice President/General Counsel and Secretary

Dated: February 26, 2024

By /s/ Geraldine Conn

Geraldine Conn, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated: February 26, 2024

By /s/ Steven G. Feldman

Steven G. Feldman, Director

Dated: February 26, 2024

By /s/ James A. Lentz

James A. Lentz, Director

 

 

EXHIBIT 21.1 – List of Subsidiaries of the Company

 

BAB Systems, Inc., an Illinois corporation

 

BAB Operations, Inc., an Illinois corporation

 

BAB Investments, Inc., an Illinois corporation

 

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14 (a) OR RULE 15d-14 (a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

 

I, Michael W. Evans, certify that:

 

(1)

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of BAB, Inc.

 

(2)

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

(3)

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

(4)

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a -15(e) and 15d -15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d -15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

(5)

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Date: February 26, 2024	By /s/ Michael W. Evans
	Michael W. Evans, Chief Executive Officer

 

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14 (a) OR RULE 15d-14 (a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

 

I, Geraldine Conn, certify that:

 

(1)

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of BAB, Inc.

 

(2)

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

(3)

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

(4)

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a -15(e) and 15d -15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d -15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

(5)

The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Date: February 26, 2024	By: /s/ Geraldine Conn
	Geraldine Conn, Chief Financial Officer

 

Exhibit 32.1

 

BAB, Inc.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the BAB, Inc. (the "Company") Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Michael W. Evans, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

 

1.

The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

 

2.

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company.

 

 

Date:  February 26, 2024	By:      /s/ Michael W. Evans
	Michael W. Evans, Chief Executive Officer

 

Exhibit 32.2

 

BAB, Inc.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the BAB, Inc. (the "Company") Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended November 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Geraldine Conn, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

 

1.

The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

 

2.

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company.

 

 

Date:  February 26, 2024	By:      /s/ Geraldine Conn
	Geraldine Conn, Chief Financial Officer

 

v3.24.0.1

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Feb. 26, 2024	May 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Nov. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-31555
Entity Registrant Name	BAB, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-4389547
Entity Address, Address Line One	500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 475
Entity Address, City or Town	Deerfield
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60015
City Area Code	847
Local Phone Number	948-7520
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	BABB
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Entity Public Float			$ 3,516,960
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		7,263,508
Auditor Firm ID	29
Auditor Name	Sassetti LLC
Auditor Location	Oak Brook, Illinois
Entity Central Index Key	0001123596
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--11-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021
Current Assets
Cash	$ 1,888,728	$ 1,623,256
Restricted cash	183,944	279,405
Receivables
Trade accounts and notes receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,873 in 2022 and $13,878 in 2021 )	71,681	73,972
Marketing fund contributions receivable from franchisees and stores	14,995	12,811
Lease receivable	5,900	5,827
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	96,544	159,226
Total Current Assets	2,261,792	2,154,497
Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation of $159,414 in 2022 and $158,666 in 2021)	0	0
Lease receivable	32,406	38,305
Trademarks	461,445	461,445
Goodwill	1,493,771	1,493,771
Definite lived intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $134,733 in 2022 and $131,042 in 2021)	16,345	18,972
Operating lease right of use	32,745	127,617
Total Noncurrent Assets	2,036,712	2,140,110
Total Assets	4,298,504	4,294,607
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	3,042	5,803
Income tax payable	47,334	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	325,880	324,718
Current portion operating lease liability	39,818	113,883
Total Current Liabilities	647,992	769,576
Long-term Liabilities (net of current portion)
Operating lease liability	0	39,819
Contract with customer, liability, noncurrent	162,026	128,465
Deferred tax liability	309,293	281,700
Total Long-term Liabilities	471,319	449,984
Total Liabilities	1,119,311	1,219,560
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock -$.001 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized; 8,466,953 shares issued and 7,263,508 shares outstanding as of November 30, 2022 and November 30, 2021	13,508,257	13,508,257
Additional paid-in capital	987,034	987,034
Treasury stock	(222,781)	(222,781)
Accumulated deficit	(11,093,317)	(11,197,463)
Total Stockholders' Equity	3,179,193	3,075,047	$ 2,933,596
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	4,298,504	4,294,607
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred shares	0	0	$ 0
Marketing Fund [Member]
Current Liabilities
Unexpended marketing fund contributions	201,824	291,387
Franchise [Member]
Current Liabilities
Unexpended marketing fund contributions	30,094	33,487
Long-term Liabilities (net of current portion)
Contract with customer, liability, noncurrent	162,026	128,465
License [Member]
Current Liabilities
Unexpended marketing fund contributions	$ 0	$ 298

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Trade accounts and notes receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 28,873	$ 10,873
Property, plant and equipment, accumulated depreciation	159,414	159,414
Definite lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 138,541	$ 134,733
Preferred shares, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred shares, authorized (in shares)	4,000,000	4,000,000
Preferred shares, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	15,000,000	15,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	8,466,953	8,466,953
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	7,263,508	7,263,508
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred shares, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred shares, authorized (in shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred shares, outstanding (in shares)	0	0

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
REVENUES
Revenues	$ 3,509,845	$ 3,287,087
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Payroll and payroll-related expenses	1,012,913	969,796
Occupancy	139,095	133,089
Advertising and promotion	12,186	14,800
Professional service fees	108,977	112,608
Travel	23,331	16,332
Employee benefit expenses	147,191	145,245
Depreciation and amortization	3,807	4,440
Marketing fund expenses	1,243,890	1,081,320
Other	203,682	201,690
Total Operating Expenses	2,895,072	2,679,320
Income from operations	614,773	607,767
Interest income	35,548	412
Income before provision for income taxes	650,321	608,179
Current tax expense	155,407	58,601
Deferred tax	27,593	117,586
Total Tax Provision.	183,000	176,187
Net Income	$ 467,321	$ 431,992
Net Income per share - Basic and Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.06	$ 0.06
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic and diluted (in shares)	7,263,508	7,263,508
Cash distributions declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.04
Royalty [Member]
REVENUES
Revenues	$ 1,944,894	$ 1,838,276
Franchise [Member]
REVENUES
Revenues	26,999	53,149
Licensing Fees and Other Income [Member]
REVENUES
Revenues	294,062	314,342
Marketing Fund [Member]
REVENUES
Revenues	$ 1,243,890	$ 1,081,320

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2021	8,466,953		1,203,445
Balance at Nov. 30, 2021	$ 13,508,257	$ 987,034	$ (222,781)	$ (11,338,914)	$ 2,933,596
Dividends Declared				(290,541)	(290,541)
Net Income				431,992	431,992
Balance (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2022	8,466,953		1,203,445
Balance at Nov. 30, 2022	$ 13,508,257	987,034	$ (222,781)	(11,197,463)	3,075,047
Dividends Declared				(363,175)	(363,175)
Net Income				467,321	467,321
Balance (in shares) at Nov. 30, 2023	8,466,953		1,203,445
Balance at Nov. 30, 2023	$ 13,508,257	$ 987,034	$ (222,781)	$ (11,093,317)	$ 3,179,193

v3.24.0.1

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Operating activities
Net Income	$ 467,321	$ 431,992
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash
Depreciation and amortization	3,807	4,440
Deferred tax	27,593	117,586
Provision for uncollectible accounts, net of recoveries	18,000	(633)
Noncash lease expense	99,310	99,312
Sales-type lease income	0	(5,319)
Trade accounts receivable and notes receivable	(9,883)	(17,960)
Marketing fund contributions receivable	(2,184)	13,275
Prepaid expenses and other	62,682	(73,797)
Accounts payable	(2,761)	(10,484)
Accrued liabilities	48,496	8,174
Unexpended marketing fund contributions	(89,563)	(329,148)
Deferred revenue	29,870	13,279
Operating lease liability	(118,322)	(115,673)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	534,366	135,044
Purchase of equipment	(1,180)	0
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities	(1,180)	0
Cash distributions/dividends	(363,175)	(290,541)
Net Cash Used In Financing Activities	(363,175)	(290,541)
Net (Decrease)/Increase in Cash and Restricted Cash	170,011	(155,497)
Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period	1,902,661	2,058,158
Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Period	2,072,672	1,902,661
Interest paid	0	0
Income taxes paid	52,500	138,500
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash operating activities:
Net investment in lease receivable	$ 0	$ 47,019

v3.24.0.1

Note 1 - Nature of Operations	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Nature of Operations [Text Block]	Note 1 - Nature of Operations   BAB, Inc (“the Company”) has three wholly owned subsidiaries: BAB Systems, Inc. (“Systems”) and BAB Operations, Inc. (“Operations”) and BAB Investments, Inc. (“Investments”). Systems was incorporated on December 2, 1992, and was primarily established to franchise Big Apple Bagels® (“BAB”) specialty bagel retail stores. My Favorite Muffin (“MFM”) was acquired in 1997 and is included as a part of Systems. Brewster’s (“Brewster’s”) was established in 1996 and the coffee is sold in BAB and MFM locations. SweetDuet® (“SD”) frozen yogurt can be added as an additional brand in a BAB or MFM location. Operations was formed in 1995, primarily to operate Company-owned stores of which there are currently none. The assets of Jacobs Bros. Bagels (“Jacobs Bros.”) were acquired in 1999, and any branded wholesale business uses this trademark. Investments was incorporated in 2009 to be used for the purpose of acquisitions. To date there have been no acquisitions.   The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 12, 2000.  The Company currently franchises and licenses bagel and muffin retail units under the BAB, MFM and SD trade names. At November 30, 2023, the Company had 63 franchise units and 4 licensed units in operation in 20 states. There are 5 units under development. The Company's revenues are derived primarily from the ongoing royalties paid to the Company by its franchisees and from receipt of initial franchise fees.  Additionally, the Company derives revenue from the sale of licensed products (My Favorite Muffin mix, and Brewster's coffee) to franchisees, licensees and other approved customers.   The BAB franchised brand consists of units operating as “Big Apple Bagels®,” featuring daily baked bagels, flavored cream cheeses, premium coffees, gourmet bagel sandwiches and other related products. BAB units are primarily concentrated in the Midwest and Western United States.  The MFM brand consists of units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Gourmet Muffin Bakery®” (“MFM Bakery”), featuring a large variety of freshly baked muffins and coffees and units operating as “My Favorite Muffin Your All Day Bakery Café®” (“MFM Cafe”) featuring these products as well as a variety of specialty bagel sandwiches and related products.  The SweetDuet® is a branded self-serve frozen yogurt that can be added as an additional brand in a BAB location.  Although the Company doesn't actively market Brewster's stand-alone franchises, Brewster's coffee products are sold in most franchised units.        The Company is leveraging on the natural synergy of distributing muffin products in existing BAB units and, alternatively, bagel products and Brewster's Coffee in existing MFM units. The Company expects to continue to realize efficiencies in servicing the combined base of BAB and MFM franchisees.

v3.24.0.1

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies   Principles of Consolidation   The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.   Uses of Estimates   The preparation of the financial statements and accompanying notes are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.   Cash and Cash Equivalents   Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities of less than 90 days. The balances of bank accounts may, at times, exceed federally insured credit limits. The Company has not experienced any loss in such accounts and believes it is not subject to any significant credit risk related to cash at November 30, 2023.   Accounts and Notes Receivable   Receivables are carried at original invoice amount less estimates for doubtful accounts. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by reviewing and identifying troubled accounts and by using historical collection experience. A receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding 90 days past the due date. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded as income when received. Certain receivables have been converted to unsecured interest-bearing notes.   Property, Plant and Equipment   Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives are 3 to 7 years for property and equipment and 10 years, or term of lease if less, for leasehold improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that materially extend the useful lives of assets are capitalized.   Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets   Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” requires that assets with indefinite lives no longer be amortized, but instead be subject to annual impairment tests. The Company follows this guidance.   Following the guidelines contained in ASC 350, the Company tests goodwill and intangible assets that are not subject to amortization for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that impairment is possible. The Company has elected to conduct its annual test during the first quarter. During the quarters ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, management qualitatively assessed goodwill to determine whether testing was necessary. Factors that management considers in this assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance (both current and projected), changes in management and strategy, and changes in the composition and carrying amounts of net assets. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than it’s carrying value, a quantitative assessment is then performed.   Although the Covid-19 Pandemic caused significant disruption to our industry, the Company has returned to growth of royalty revenues. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2023 royalty revenues were up 5.8% from same period 2022 and 18.2% from the same period 2019 (pre-pandemic). Management reviewed and updated the qualitative assessment conducted during the first quarter 2023 at year end and does not believe that any impairment exists at November 30, 2023.   The net book value of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite and definite lives are as follows:       Goodwill     Trademarks     Definite Lived Intangibles     Total   Net Balance as of November 30, 2021   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 22,664     $ 1,977,880   Additions     -       -       -       -   Amortization expense     -       -       (3,692 )     (3,692 ) Net Balance as of November 30, 2022   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 18,972     $ 1,974,188   Additions     -       -       1,180       1,180   Amortization expense     -       -       (3,807 )     (3,807 ) Net Balance as of November 30, 2022   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 16,345     $ 1,971,561     Advertising and Promotion Costs   The Company expenses advertising and promotion costs as incurred. All advertising and promotion costs were related to the Company’s franchise operations. Advertising and promotion expense was $12,000 and $15,000 in 2023 and 2022, respectively.   Income Taxes   The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB Topic 40. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The benefits from net operating losses carried forward may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances.   The Company files a consolidated U.S. income tax return and tax returns in various state jurisdictions. Review of the Company’s possible tax uncertainties as of November 30, 2023 did not result in any positions requiring disclosure. Should the Company need to record interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions or other tax authority assessments, it would classify such expenses as part of the income tax provision. The Company has not changed any of its tax policies or adopted any new tax positions during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 and believes it has filed appropriate tax returns in all jurisdictions for which it has nexus.   The Company’s income tax returns, which are filed as a consolidated return, for the years ending November 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to examination by the IRS and corresponding states, generally for three years after they are filed.   Leases   The company accounts for leases under ASC 842. Lease arrangements are determined at the inception of the contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.    Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.   Recent Accounting Pronouncements   In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard’s main goal is to improve financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on financing receivables and other financial assets in scope, including trade receivables. The amendments in this update broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for fiscal years and for interim periods with those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal 2024.   In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for fiscal year ending November 30, 2026.   Management does not believe that there are any recently issued and effective or not yet effective accounting pronouncements as of November 30, 2023 that would have or are expected to have any significant effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows or income statement.   Segments   Accounting standards have established annual reporting standards for an enterprise’s operating segments and related disclosures about its products, services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company’s operations were a single reportable segment.   Statement of Cash Flows   The chart below shows the cash and restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows as of November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were as follows:       November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Cash and cash equivalents   $ 1,888,728     $ 1,623,256   Restricted cash     183,944       279,405   Total cash and restricted cash   $ 2,072,672     $ 1,902,661     Earnings Per Share   The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) under ASC 260 “Earnings per Share.” Basic net earnings are divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year to calculate basic net earnings per common share. Diluted net earnings per common share are calculated to give effect to the potential dilution that could occur if options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and resulted in the issuance of additional common shares. There are currently no stock options issued or outstanding.       2023     2022   Numerator:                 Net income available to common stockholders   $ 467,321     $ 431,992                     Denominator:                 Weighted average outstanding shares                 Basic and diluted     7,263,508       7,263,508   Earnings per Share - Basic and diluted   $ 0.06     $ 0.06     At November 30, 2023 and 2022, there are no common stock equivalents. In addition, the weighted average shares do not include any effects for potential shares related to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement.   Franchise and related revenue   The Company sells individual franchises. The franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay an initial, non-refundable fee prior to opening the respective location(s), and continuing royalty fees on a weekly basis based upon a percentage of franchisee net sales. The initial term of franchise agreements are typically 10 years.  Subject to the Company’s approval, a franchisee may generally renew the franchise agreement upon its expiration.  If approved, a franchisee may transfer a franchise agreement to a new or existing franchisee, at which point a transfer fee is typically paid by the current owner which then terminates that franchise agreement. A franchise agreement is signed with the new franchisee with no franchise fee required. If a contract is terminated prior to its term, it is a breach of contract and a penalty is assessed based on a formula reviewed and approved by management. Revenue generated from a contract breach is termed settlement income by the Company and included in licensing fees and other income.   There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated standalone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.   Under the terms of our franchise agreements, the Company typically promises to provide franchise rights, pre-opening services such as blueprints, operational materials, planning and functional training courses, and ongoing services, such as management of the marketing fund. The Company considers certain pre-opening activities and the franchise rights and related ongoing services to represent two separate performance obligations. The franchise fee revenue has been allocated to the two separate performance obligations using a residual approach. The Company has estimated the value of performance obligations related to certain pre-opening activities deemed to be distinct based on cost plus an applicable margin, and assigned the remaining amount of the initial franchise fee to the franchise rights and ongoing services. Revenue allocated to preopening activities is recognized when (or as) these services are performed. Revenue allocated to franchise rights and ongoing services is deferred until the store opens, and recognized on a straight-line basis over the duration of the agreement, as this ensures that revenue recognition aligns with the customer’s access to the franchise right.   Royalty fees from franchised stores represent a 5% fee on net retail and wholesale sales of franchised units. Royalty revenues are recognized on an accrual basis using actual franchise receipts. Generally, franchisees report and remit royalties on a weekly basis. The majority of month-end receipts are recorded on an accrual basis based on actual numbers from reports received from franchisees shortly after the month-end. Estimates are utilized in certain instances where actual numbers have not been received and such estimates are based on the average of the last 10 weeks’ actual reported sales.   Royalty revenue is recognized during the respective franchise agreement based on the royalties earned each period as the underlying franchise store sales occur.   There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated stand-alone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.   Gift card breakage revenue   The Company sells gift cards to its customers in its retail stores and through its Corporate office. The Company’s gift cards do not have an expiration date and are not redeemable for cash except where required by law. Revenue from gift cards is recognized upon redemption in exchange for product and reported within franchisee store revenue and the royalty and marketing fees are paid and shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Until redemption, outstanding customer balances are recorded as a liability. An obligation is recorded at the time of sale of the gift card and it is included in accrued expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.   The liability is reduced when the gift cards are redeemed by a franchise. Although there are no expiration dates for our gift cards, based on our analysis of historical gift card redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” The Company recognizes gift card breakage proportional to actual gift card redemptions on a quarterly basis and the corresponding revenue is included in licensing fees and other revenue. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the breakage rate and are reassessed each quarter.   Nontraditional and rebate revenue   As part of the Company’s franchise agreements, the franchisee purchases products and supplies from designated vendors.  The Company may receive various fees and rebates from the vendors and distributors on product purchases by franchisees.  In addition, the Company may collect various initial fees, and those fees are classified as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and straight lined over the life of the contract as deferred revenue in the balance sheet. The Company does not possess control of the products prior to their transfer to the franchisee and products are delivered to franchisees directly from the vendor or their distributors. The Company recognizes the rebates as franchisees purchase products and supplies from vendors or distributors and recognizes the initial fees over the contract life and the fees are reported as licensing fees and other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.   Marketing Fund   Franchise agreements require the franchisee to pay continuing marketing fees on a weekly basis, based on a percentage of franchisee sales. Marketing fees are not paid on franchise wholesale sales. The balance sheet includes marketing fund cash, which is the restricted cash, accounts receivable and unexpended marketing fund contributions. Although the marketing fees are not separate performance obligations distinct from the underlying franchise right, the Company acts as the principal as it is primarily responsible for the fulfillment and control of the marketing services. As a result, the Company records marketing fees in revenues and related marketing fund expenditures in expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company historically presented the net activities of the marketing fund within the balance sheet in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. While this reclassification impacts the gross amount of reported revenue and expenses the amounts will be offsetting, and there is no impact on net income.

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]	Note 3 - Revenue Recognition   Disaggregation of Revenue   The following table presents disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended November 30, 2023 and 2022:       For year ended November 30, 2023     For year ended November 30, 2022                     Revenue recognized at a point in time           Sign Shop revenue   $ 2,279     $ 3,296   Settlement revenue     33,500       16,750   Lease income     -       5,319   Total revenue at a point in time     35,779       25,365   Revenue recognized over time                 Royalty revenue     1,944,894       1,838,276   Franchise fees     26,999       53,149   License fees     17,145       17,743   Gift card revenue     21,129       4,665   Nontraditional revenue     220,009       266,569   Marketing fund revenue     1,243,890       1,081,320   Total revenue over time     3,474,066       3,261,722   Grand total   $ 3,509,845     $ 3,287,087     Contract balances   The balance of contract liabilities includes franchise fees, license fees and vendor payments that have ongoing contract rights and the fees are being straight lined over the contract life. Contract liabilities also include marketing fund balances and gift card liability balances.       November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Liabilities                 Contract liabilities - current   $ 458,162     $ 563,895   Contract liabilities - long-term     162,026       128,465   Total Contract Liabilities   $ 620,188     $ 692,360         November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Contracts at beginning of period   $ 692,360     $ 972,470   Revenue Recognized during period     (1,685,740 )     (1,742,303 ) Additions during period     1,613,568       1,462,193   Contracts at end of period   $ 620,188     $ 692,360       Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations (franchise agreements and license fee agreement) for the year ended November 30:   2024   30,094   2025     33,833   2026     20,253   2027     18,553   2028     18,021   Thereafter     71,366   Total   $ 192,120     The Company has elected to apply certain practical expedients as defined in ASC 606-10-50-14 through 606-10-50-14A, including (i) performance obligations that are a part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less; (ii) the right to invoice practical expedient; and (iii) variable consideration related to unsatisfied performance obligations that is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation, and the terms of that variable consideration relate specifically to our efforts to transfer the distinct service, or to a specific outcome from transferring the distinct service. As such, sales-based royalty and marketing income, as well as gift card breakage revenue, is not included in the above transaction price chart.

v3.24.0.1

Note 4 - Units Open, Licensed and Under Development	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Units Open and Under Development [Text Block]	Note 4 - Units Open, Licensed and Under Development   Big Apple Bagels®, SweetDuet Frozen Yogurt and Gourmet Muffins® and My Favorite Muffin® operating units, licensed units and unopened stores for which a Franchise Agreement has been executed, are as follows:       November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Stores open:                 Franchisee-owned stores     63       68   Licensed Units     4       4         67       72                     Unopened stores with Franchise Agreements     5       2                     Total operating units and units with Franchise Agreements     72       74

v3.24.0.1

Note 5 - Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 5 – Income Taxes   The components of the Company’s provision for income taxes are as follows:       2023     2022   Current                 Federal   $ 116,715     $ 36,501   State     38,692       22,100   Deferred     27,593       117,586   Total   $ 183,000     $ 176,187     In fiscal 2023 and 2022 the federal and state effective tax rates were within the customary statutory tax rate of federal 21% and a state rate of 7.11%.   A reconciliation of the expected income tax expense to the recorded income tax expense is as follows for the years ended November 30:       2023     2022                     Federal income tax provision computed at federal statutory rate   $ 136,857     $ 128,012   State income taxes, net of federal tax provision     46,336       43,341   Change in valuation allowance and other adjustments     (193 )     4,834   Tax Provision   $ 183,000     $ 176,187     The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities for federal and state income taxes consist of the following:       2023     2022   Deferred revenue   $ 54,005     $ 44,682   Marketing Fund net contributions     50,094       78,541   Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable     8,116       3,056   Accrued expenses     55,070       60,868   Operating lease liability     11,193       43,206   Net operating loss carryforwards     -       -   Total Deferred Income Tax Asset   $ 178,478     $ 230,353                     Depreciation and amortization   $ (478,566 )   $ (476,180 ) Right of use lease asset     (9,205 )     (35,873 ) Total Deferred Income Tax Liabilities   $ (487,771 )   $ (512,053 )                   Total Net Deferred Tax Liability   $ (309,293 )   $ (281,700 )   As of November 30, 2023 and 2022 the Company had no unused net operating loss carryforwards.   The Company routinely reviews the future realization of tax assets based on projected future reversals of taxable temporary differences, available tax planning strategies and projected future taxable income.   The Company’s income tax returns, which are filed as a consolidated return for the years ending November 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to examination by the IRS and corresponding states, generally for three years after they are filed.

v3.24.0.1

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Equity [Text Block]	Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity   On December 11, 2023 the Board of Directors declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 27, 2023, paid January 16, 2024.    On September 12, 2023 the Board of Directors (“Board”) declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2023, paid October 18, 2023. On June 6, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2023, paid on July 11, 2023. On March 13, 2023 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 30, 2023, paid on April 19, 2023. On December 07, 2022 the Board declared a $0.02 cash distribution/dividend per share, $0.01 quarterly and $0.01 special, to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2022, paid January 11, 2023.   On September 9, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of September 28, 2022, paid October 20, 2022. On June 3, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of June 22, 2022, paid July 11, 2022. On March 7, 2022 the Board declared a $0.01 cash distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of March 29, 2022, paid April 18, 2022. On December 06, 2021 the Board declared a $0.01 cash distribution/dividend per share to stockholders of record as of December 22, 2021, paid January 11, 2022.   On May 6, 2013, the Board authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one right for each outstanding share of the common stock of the Company to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 13, 2013. Each right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of the Series A Participating Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.90 per one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment. The complete terms of the Rights are set forth in a Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated May 6, 2013, between the Company and IST Shareholder Services, as rights agent.   The Board adopted the Rights Agreement to protect stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics. In general terms, it works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group, other than exempt person as defined in the agreement, that acquires 15% (or 20% in the case of certain institutional investors who report their holdings on Schedule 13G) or more of the Common Shares without the approval of the Board. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Rights may be to render more difficult a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving the Company that is not approved by the Board. However, neither the Rights Agreement nor the Rights should interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by the Board.   Full details about the Rights Plan are contained in a Form 8-K filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2013.   On June 18, 2014 an amendment to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement was filed appointing American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as successor to Illinois Stock Transfer Company. All original rights and provisions remain unchanged. On August 18, 2015 an amendment was filed to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement changing the final expiration date to mean the fifth anniversary of the date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On May 22, 2017 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the seventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On February 22, 2019 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the ninth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On March 4, 2021 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the eleventh anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same. On April 4, 2023 an amendment was filed extending the final expiration date to mean the fourteenth anniversary date of the original agreement. All other original rights and provisions remain the same.   Determination of whether distributions are considered a cash distribution, cash dividend or combination of the two are not made until after December 31, 2023, as the classification or combination is dependent upon the Company’s earnings and profits for tax purposes for its fiscal year ending November 30, 2023.   The Company believes execution of its cash distribution/dividend policy will not have any material adverse effects on its ability to fund current operations or future capital investments.

v3.24.0.1

Note 7 - Lease Receivables Commitments	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Lessor, Sales-type Leases [Text Block]	Note 7 – Lease Receivables Commitments   The Company leases restaurant equipment to a certain franchise under a sales-type lease agreement. The lease agreement does not contain any non-lease components. The lease term is for a period of seven years, beginning June 1, 2022 and ending June 1, 2029. The lease requires weekly payments of $121 for a total 365 payments, and a final optional buy-out payment of $4,800, which management believes estimates residual value. At November 30, 2023, management does not believe the unguaranteed residual asset value of $4,800 to be impaired. The equipment is owned by BAB Systems, Inc., and title will not pass to lessee until all payments are made, including the final buy-out payment. The equipment value is collateral for the outstanding balance of the lease receivable, and the Company manages the risk associated with the residual value by requiring the lessee to use the equipment within specified parameters. A Business Consultant employed by BAB Systems, Inc. makes annual visits and reviews the usage and condition of the leased equipment.   During the period ended November 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded lease revenue, which is included in licensing fees and other income in 2022 and interest income in 2023 and 2022 related to the lease as follows:       November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Lease income   $ -     $ 5,319   Lease interest     456       256   Total lease revenue   $ 456     $ 5,575     The sales lease is included in the balance sheet at the current value of the lease payments at a 1.25% discount rate, which reflects the rate implicit in the lease agreement.   Future minimum lease payments receivable as of November 30, 2023 are as follows:       Undiscounted Rent Payments   Year Ending November 30:         2024     6,283   2025     6,283   2026     6,404   2027     6,283   2028     6,283   thereafter     7,942   Total Undiscounted Lease Payments     39,478             Unamortized interest income     (1,172 ) Lease receivable, net   $ 38,306             Short-term lease receivable   $ 5,900   Long-term lease receivable     32,406   Total lease receivable   $ 38,306

v3.24.0.1

Note 8 - Lease Commitments	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 8 – Lease Commitments   The Company rents its office under an operating lease which requires it to pay base rent, real estate taxes, insurance and general repairs and maintenance. A lease was signed in June of 2018, effective October 1, 2018, expiring on March 31, 2024 with an option to renew for a 5 year period. A six month rent abatement and tenant allowance was provided in the lease, with any unused portion to be applied to base rent. The unused portion was determined to be $21,300. The renewal option has not been included in the measurement of the lease liability.   Monthly rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rent expenses for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were $97,100 and $91,100, respectively. At November 30, 2023, the remaining lease term was 4 months. The operating lease is included in the balance sheet at the present value of the lease payments at a 5.25% discount rate. The discount rate was considered to be an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.   Gross future minimum annual rental commitments as of November 30, 2023, are as follows:       Undiscounted Rent Payments   Year Ending November 30:         2024     40,177   Total Undiscounted Rent Payments   $ 40,177             Present Value Discount     (359 ) Present Value   $ 39,818             Short-term lease liability   $ 39,818   Long-term lease liability     -   Total Operating Lease Liability   $ 39,818     On February 15, 2024 a lease was signed, effective April 1, 2024 for a 6 year period, expiring on March 31, 2030. The Company will be required to pay base rent, real estate taxes, insurance and general repairs and maintenance. Base rent is $23.00 per square foot for the first year with a 3% increase per year before rent abatement and tenant allowance. There is a total of 10 months of gross rent abatement, 2 months in each of the first four years and then one month in the remaining 2 years. The lease includes a tenant allowance of $158,900 to be applied evenly to the 62 monthly rent payments.

v3.24.0.1

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Retirement Benefits [Text Block]	Note 9– Employee Benefit Plan   The Company maintains a qualified 401(k) plan which allows participants to make pretax contributions. In fiscal 2015, the Company amended the 401(k) plan, establishing it as a Safe Harbor plan effective January 1, 2015. Employee contributions are matched by the Company in accordance with the Plan up to a maximum of 4% of employee earnings. The Company may also make discretionary contributions to the Plan. In fiscal 2023 and 2022 the Company’s employer match was $38,700 and $40,100, respectively. There were no Company discretionary contributions in 2023 or 2022.

v3.24.0.1

Note 11 - Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	Note 10 – Contingencies   We may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of such proceedings or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material effect on our financial position. We know of no pending or threatened proceeding or claim to which we are or will be a party.

v3.24.0.1

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Principles of Consolidation   The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Uses of Estimates   The preparation of the financial statements and accompanying notes are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash and Cash Equivalents   Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with banks with original maturities of less than 90 days. The balances of bank accounts may, at times, exceed federally insured credit limits. The Company has not experienced any loss in such accounts and believes it is not subject to any significant credit risk related to cash at November 30, 2023.
Receivable [Policy Text Block]	Accounts and Notes Receivable   Receivables are carried at original invoice amount less estimates for doubtful accounts. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by reviewing and identifying troubled accounts and by using historical collection experience. A receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding 90 days past the due date. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded as income when received. Certain receivables have been converted to unsecured interest-bearing notes.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Property, Plant and Equipment   Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives are 3 to 7 years for property and equipment and 10 years, or term of lease if less, for leasehold improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that materially extend the useful lives of assets are capitalized.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets   Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” requires that assets with indefinite lives no longer be amortized, but instead be subject to annual impairment tests. The Company follows this guidance.   Following the guidelines contained in ASC 350, the Company tests goodwill and intangible assets that are not subject to amortization for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that impairment is possible. The Company has elected to conduct its annual test during the first quarter. During the quarters ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, management qualitatively assessed goodwill to determine whether testing was necessary. Factors that management considers in this assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance (both current and projected), changes in management and strategy, and changes in the composition and carrying amounts of net assets. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than it’s carrying value, a quantitative assessment is then performed.   Although the Covid-19 Pandemic caused significant disruption to our industry, the Company has returned to growth of royalty revenues. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2023 royalty revenues were up 5.8% from same period 2022 and 18.2% from the same period 2019 (pre-pandemic). Management reviewed and updated the qualitative assessment conducted during the first quarter 2023 at year end and does not believe that any impairment exists at November 30, 2023.   The net book value of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite and definite lives are as follows:       Goodwill     Trademarks     Definite Lived Intangibles     Total   Net Balance as of November 30, 2021   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 22,664     $ 1,977,880   Additions     -       -       -       -   Amortization expense     -       -       (3,692 )     (3,692 ) Net Balance as of November 30, 2022   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 18,972     $ 1,974,188   Additions     -       -       1,180       1,180   Amortization expense     -       -       (3,807 )     (3,807 ) Net Balance as of November 30, 2022   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 16,345     $ 1,971,561
Advertising Cost [Policy Text Block]	Advertising and Promotion Costs   The Company expenses advertising and promotion costs as incurred. All advertising and promotion costs were related to the Company’s franchise operations. Advertising and promotion expense was $12,000 and $15,000 in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes   The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB Topic 40. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The benefits from net operating losses carried forward may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances.   The Company files a consolidated U.S. income tax return and tax returns in various state jurisdictions. Review of the Company’s possible tax uncertainties as of November 30, 2023 did not result in any positions requiring disclosure. Should the Company need to record interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions or other tax authority assessments, it would classify such expenses as part of the income tax provision. The Company has not changed any of its tax policies or adopted any new tax positions during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2023 and believes it has filed appropriate tax returns in all jurisdictions for which it has nexus.   The Company’s income tax returns, which are filed as a consolidated return, for the years ending November 30, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are subject to examination by the IRS and corresponding states, generally for three years after they are filed.
Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]	Leases   The company accounts for leases under ASC 842. Lease arrangements are determined at the inception of the contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.    Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recent Accounting Pronouncements   In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard’s main goal is to improve financial reporting by requiring earlier recognition of credit losses on financing receivables and other financial assets in scope, including trade receivables. The amendments in this update broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The guidance in ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for fiscal years and for interim periods with those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 in the first quarter of fiscal 2024.   In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for fiscal year ending November 30, 2026.   Management does not believe that there are any recently issued and effective or not yet effective accounting pronouncements as of November 30, 2023 that would have or are expected to have any significant effect on the Company’s financial position, cash flows or income statement.
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Segments   Accounting standards have established annual reporting standards for an enterprise’s operating segments and related disclosures about its products, services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company’s operations were a single reportable segment.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Statement of Cash Flows   The chart below shows the cash and restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows as of November 30, 2023 and November 30, 2022 were as follows:       November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Cash and cash equivalents   $ 1,888,728     $ 1,623,256   Restricted cash     183,944       279,405   Total cash and restricted cash   $ 2,072,672     $ 1,902,661
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Earnings Per Share   The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) under ASC 260 “Earnings per Share.” Basic net earnings are divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year to calculate basic net earnings per common share. Diluted net earnings per common share are calculated to give effect to the potential dilution that could occur if options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and resulted in the issuance of additional common shares. There are currently no stock options issued or outstanding.       2023     2022   Numerator:                 Net income available to common stockholders   $ 467,321     $ 431,992                     Denominator:                 Weighted average outstanding shares                 Basic and diluted     7,263,508       7,263,508   Earnings per Share - Basic and diluted   $ 0.06     $ 0.06     At November 30, 2023 and 2022, there are no common stock equivalents. In addition, the weighted average shares do not include any effects for potential shares related to the Preferred Shares Rights Agreement.
Revenue [Policy Text Block]	Franchise and related revenue   The Company sells individual franchises. The franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay an initial, non-refundable fee prior to opening the respective location(s), and continuing royalty fees on a weekly basis based upon a percentage of franchisee net sales. The initial term of franchise agreements are typically 10 years.  Subject to the Company’s approval, a franchisee may generally renew the franchise agreement upon its expiration.  If approved, a franchisee may transfer a franchise agreement to a new or existing franchisee, at which point a transfer fee is typically paid by the current owner which then terminates that franchise agreement. A franchise agreement is signed with the new franchisee with no franchise fee required. If a contract is terminated prior to its term, it is a breach of contract and a penalty is assessed based on a formula reviewed and approved by management. Revenue generated from a contract breach is termed settlement income by the Company and included in licensing fees and other income.   There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated standalone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.   Under the terms of our franchise agreements, the Company typically promises to provide franchise rights, pre-opening services such as blueprints, operational materials, planning and functional training courses, and ongoing services, such as management of the marketing fund. The Company considers certain pre-opening activities and the franchise rights and related ongoing services to represent two separate performance obligations. The franchise fee revenue has been allocated to the two separate performance obligations using a residual approach. The Company has estimated the value of performance obligations related to certain pre-opening activities deemed to be distinct based on cost plus an applicable margin, and assigned the remaining amount of the initial franchise fee to the franchise rights and ongoing services. Revenue allocated to preopening activities is recognized when (or as) these services are performed. Revenue allocated to franchise rights and ongoing services is deferred until the store opens, and recognized on a straight-line basis over the duration of the agreement, as this ensures that revenue recognition aligns with the customer’s access to the franchise right.   Royalty fees from franchised stores represent a 5% fee on net retail and wholesale sales of franchised units. Royalty revenues are recognized on an accrual basis using actual franchise receipts. Generally, franchisees report and remit royalties on a weekly basis. The majority of month-end receipts are recorded on an accrual basis based on actual numbers from reports received from franchisees shortly after the month-end. Estimates are utilized in certain instances where actual numbers have not been received and such estimates are based on the average of the last 10 weeks’ actual reported sales.   Royalty revenue is recognized during the respective franchise agreement based on the royalties earned each period as the underlying franchise store sales occur.   There are two items involving revenue recognition of contracts that require us to make subjective judgments: the determination of which performance obligations are distinct within the context of the overall contract and the estimated stand-alone selling price of each obligation. In instances where our contract includes significant customization or modification services, the customization and modification services are generally combined and recorded as one distinct performance obligation.   Gift card breakage revenue   The Company sells gift cards to its customers in its retail stores and through its Corporate office. The Company’s gift cards do not have an expiration date and are not redeemable for cash except where required by law. Revenue from gift cards is recognized upon redemption in exchange for product and reported within franchisee store revenue and the royalty and marketing fees are paid and shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Until redemption, outstanding customer balances are recorded as a liability. An obligation is recorded at the time of sale of the gift card and it is included in accrued expenses on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.   The liability is reduced when the gift cards are redeemed by a franchise. Although there are no expiration dates for our gift cards, based on our analysis of historical gift card redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” The Company recognizes gift card breakage proportional to actual gift card redemptions on a quarterly basis and the corresponding revenue is included in licensing fees and other revenue. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the breakage rate and are reassessed each quarter.   Nontraditional and rebate revenue   As part of the Company’s franchise agreements, the franchisee purchases products and supplies from designated vendors.  The Company may receive various fees and rebates from the vendors and distributors on product purchases by franchisees.  In addition, the Company may collect various initial fees, and those fees are classified as deferred revenue in the balance sheet and straight lined over the life of the contract as deferred revenue in the balance sheet. The Company does not possess control of the products prior to their transfer to the franchisee and products are delivered to franchisees directly from the vendor or their distributors. The Company recognizes the rebates as franchisees purchase products and supplies from vendors or distributors and recognizes the initial fees over the contract life and the fees are reported as licensing fees and other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.   Marketing Fund   Franchise agreements require the franchisee to pay continuing marketing fees on a weekly basis, based on a percentage of franchisee sales. Marketing fees are not paid on franchise wholesale sales. The balance sheet includes marketing fund cash, which is the restricted cash, accounts receivable and unexpended marketing fund contributions. Although the marketing fees are not separate performance obligations distinct from the underlying franchise right, the Company acts as the principal as it is primarily responsible for the fulfillment and control of the marketing services. As a result, the Company records marketing fees in revenues and related marketing fund expenditures in expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company historically presented the net activities of the marketing fund within the balance sheet in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. While this reclassification impacts the gross amount of reported revenue and expenses the amounts will be offsetting, and there is no impact on net income.

v3.24.0.1

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]	Goodwill     Trademarks     Definite Lived Intangibles     Total   Net Balance as of November 30, 2021   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 22,664     $ 1,977,880   Additions     -       -       -       -   Amortization expense     -       -       (3,692 )     (3,692 ) Net Balance as of November 30, 2022   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 18,972     $ 1,974,188   Additions     -       -       1,180       1,180   Amortization expense     -       -       (3,807 )     (3,807 ) Net Balance as of November 30, 2022   $ 1,493,771     $ 461,445     $ 16,345     $ 1,971,561
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash, Cash Flow Statement Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Cash and cash equivalents   $ 1,888,728     $ 1,623,256   Restricted cash     183,944       279,405   Total cash and restricted cash   $ 2,072,672     $ 1,902,661
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]	2023     2022   Numerator:                 Net income available to common stockholders   $ 467,321     $ 431,992                     Denominator:                 Weighted average outstanding shares                 Basic and diluted     7,263,508       7,263,508   Earnings per Share - Basic and diluted   $ 0.06     $ 0.06

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]	For year ended November 30, 2023     For year ended November 30, 2022                     Revenue recognized at a point in time           Sign Shop revenue   $ 2,279     $ 3,296   Settlement revenue     33,500       16,750   Lease income     -       5,319   Total revenue at a point in time     35,779       25,365   Revenue recognized over time                 Royalty revenue     1,944,894       1,838,276   Franchise fees     26,999       53,149   License fees     17,145       17,743   Gift card revenue     21,129       4,665   Nontraditional revenue     220,009       266,569   Marketing fund revenue     1,243,890       1,081,320   Total revenue over time     3,474,066       3,261,722   Grand total   $ 3,509,845     $ 3,287,087
Contract With Customer Asset and Liability, Subject to Change [Table Text Block]	November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Liabilities                 Contract liabilities - current   $ 458,162     $ 563,895   Contract liabilities - long-term     162,026       128,465   Total Contract Liabilities   $ 620,188     $ 692,360
Contract with Customer, Contract Asset, Contract Liability, and Receivable [Table Text Block]	November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Contracts at beginning of period   $ 692,360     $ 972,470   Revenue Recognized during period     (1,685,740 )     (1,742,303 ) Additions during period     1,613,568       1,462,193   Contracts at end of period   $ 620,188     $ 692,360
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Table Text Block]	2024   30,094   2025     33,833   2026     20,253   2027     18,553   2028     18,021   Thereafter     71,366   Total   $ 192,120

v3.24.0.1

Note 4 - Units Open, Licensed and Under Development (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Franchisor Disclosure [Table Text Block]	November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Stores open:                 Franchisee-owned stores     63       68   Licensed Units     4       4         67       72                     Unopened stores with Franchise Agreements     5       2                     Total operating units and units with Franchise Agreements     72       74

v3.24.0.1

Note 5 - Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]	2023     2022   Current                 Federal   $ 116,715     $ 36,501   State     38,692       22,100   Deferred     27,593       117,586   Total   $ 183,000     $ 176,187
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	2023     2022                     Federal income tax provision computed at federal statutory rate   $ 136,857     $ 128,012   State income taxes, net of federal tax provision     46,336       43,341   Change in valuation allowance and other adjustments     (193 )     4,834   Tax Provision   $ 183,000     $ 176,187
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	2023     2022   Deferred revenue   $ 54,005     $ 44,682   Marketing Fund net contributions     50,094       78,541   Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable     8,116       3,056   Accrued expenses     55,070       60,868   Operating lease liability     11,193       43,206   Net operating loss carryforwards     -       -   Total Deferred Income Tax Asset   $ 178,478     $ 230,353                     Depreciation and amortization   $ (478,566 )   $ (476,180 ) Right of use lease asset     (9,205 )     (35,873 ) Total Deferred Income Tax Liabilities   $ (487,771 )   $ (512,053 )                   Total Net Deferred Tax Liability   $ (309,293 )   $ (281,700 )

v3.24.0.1

Note 7 - Lease Receivables Commitments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Sales-type Lease, Lease Income [Table Text Block]	November 30, 2023     November 30, 2022   Lease income   $ -     $ 5,319   Lease interest     456       256   Total lease revenue   $ 456     $ 5,575
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Leases, Payment to be Received, Maturity [Table Text Block]	Undiscounted Rent Payments   Year Ending November 30:         2024     6,283   2025     6,283   2026     6,404   2027     6,283   2028     6,283   thereafter     7,942   Total Undiscounted Lease Payments     39,478             Unamortized interest income     (1,172 ) Lease receivable, net   $ 38,306             Short-term lease receivable   $ 5,900   Long-term lease receivable     32,406   Total lease receivable   $ 38,306

v3.24.0.1

Note 8 - Lease Commitments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]	Undiscounted Rent Payments   Year Ending November 30:         2024     40,177   Total Undiscounted Rent Payments   $ 40,177             Present Value Discount     (359 ) Present Value   $ 39,818             Short-term lease liability   $ 39,818   Long-term lease liability     -   Total Operating Lease Liability   $ 39,818

v3.24.0.1

Note 1 - Nature of Operations (Details Textual)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Number of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries	3
Number of Stores	72	74
Number of States in which Entity Operates	20
Franchised Units [Member]
Number of Stores	63	68
Licensed Units [Member]
Number of Stores	4	4
Units Under Development [Member]
Number of Stores	5

v3.24.0.1

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	$ 0
Advertising Expense	$ 12,000	$ 15,000
Open Tax Year	2020 2021 2022
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted, Adjustment, Total (in shares)	0	0
Royalty Fees From Franchises Percentage	5.00%
Royalty [Member]
Revenue Percentage of Prior Year	5.80%	18.20%
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	10 years
Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	7 years

v3.24.0.1

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Book Value of Goodwill and Intangible Assets With Indefinite and Definite Lives (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Net Balance	$ 1,974,188	$ 1,977,880
Additions	1,180	0
Amortization expense	(3,807)	(3,692)
Net Balance	1,971,561	1,974,188
Definite Lived Intangible Assets [Member]
Net Balance	18,972	22,664
Additions	1,180	0
Amortization expense	(3,807)	(3,692)
Net Balance	16,345	18,972
Trademarks [Member]
Net Balance	461,445	461,445
Additions	0	0
Amortization expense	0	0
Net Balance	461,445	461,445
Goodwill [Member]
Net Balance	1,493,771	1,493,771
Additions	0	0
Amortization expense	0	0
Net Balance	$ 1,493,771	$ 1,493,771

v3.24.0.1

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,888,728	$ 1,623,256
Restricted cash	183,944	279,405
Total cash and restricted cash	$ 2,072,672	$ 1,902,661	$ 2,058,158

v3.24.0.1

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022	Nov. 20, 2022
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 467,321		$ 431,992
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic and diluted (in shares)	7,263,508	7,263,508	7,263,508
Net Income per share - Basic and Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.06	$ 0.06	$ 0.06

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Revenues	$ 3,509,845	$ 3,287,087
Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Revenues	35,779	25,365
Transferred over Time [Member]
Revenues	3,474,066	3,261,722
Sign Shop [Member] | Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Revenues	2,279	3,296
Structured Settlement Annuity [Member] | Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Revenues	33,500	16,750
Lease Income [Member] | Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Revenues	0	5,319
Franchise [Member]
Revenues	26,999	53,149
Franchise [Member] | Transferred over Time [Member]
Revenues	26,999	53,149
License [Member] | Transferred over Time [Member]
Revenues	17,145	17,743
Gift Card [Member] | Transferred over Time [Member]
Revenues	21,129	4,665
Non-traditional Revenue [Member] | Transferred over Time [Member]
Revenues	220,009	266,569
Marketing Fund [Member]
Revenues	1,243,890	1,081,320
Marketing Fund [Member] | Transferred over Time [Member]
Revenues	$ 1,243,890	$ 1,081,320

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Contract Balances Subject to ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Contract liabilities - long-term	$ 162,026	$ 128,465
Total Contract Liabilities	620,188	692,360
Contract Liabilities, Current and Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Contract liabilities - current	$ 458,162	$ 563,895

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Changes in Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Contracts at beginning of period	$ 692,360	$ 972,470
Revenue Recognized during period	(1,685,740)	(1,742,303)
Additions during period	1,613,568	1,462,193
Contracts at end of period	$ 620,188	$ 692,360

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Remaining Performance Obligations (Details)	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	$ 192,120

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Remaining Performance Obligations 2 (Details)	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	$ 192,120
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	30,094
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	33,833
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	20,253
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	18,553
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	18,021
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2028-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	$ 71,366

v3.24.0.1

Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) (Parentheticals)	Nov. 30, 2023
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2028-12-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year

v3.24.0.1

Note 4 - Units Open, Licensed and Under Development - Operating Units (Details)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Operating Units and Units with Franchise Agreements	72	74
Franchised Units [Member]
Operating Units and Units with Franchise Agreements	63	68
Licensed Units [Member]
Operating Units and Units with Franchise Agreements	4	4
Total Franchised Owned and Licensed Units [Member]
Operating Units and Units with Franchise Agreements	67	72
Unopened Store [Member]
Operating Units and Units with Franchise Agreements	5	2

v3.24.0.1

Note 5 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%	21.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, State and Local Income Taxes, Percent	7.11%	7.11%
Operating Loss Carryforwards	$ 0	$ 0
Open Tax Year	2020 2021 2022

v3.24.0.1

Note 5 - Income Taxes - Components of the Current Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Federal	$ 116,715	$ 36,501
State	38,692	22,100
Deferred tax	27,593	117,586
Total Tax Provision.	$ 183,000	$ 176,187

v3.24.0.1

Note 5 - Income Taxes - Reconciliation of the Expected Income Tax Expense (Benefit) to the Recorded Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Federal income tax provision computed at federal statutory rate	$ 136,857	$ 128,012
State income taxes, net of federal tax provision	46,336	43,341
Change in valuation allowance, utilization of NOL's and other adjustments	(193)	4,834
Total Tax Provision.	$ 183,000	$ 176,187

v3.24.0.1

Note 5 - Income Taxes - The Components of the Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities for Federal and State Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Deferred revenue	$ 54,005	$ 44,682
Marketing Fund net contributions	50,094	78,541
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable	8,116	3,056
Accrued expenses	55,070	60,868
Operating lease liability	11,193	43,206
Net operating loss carryforwards	0	0
Total Deferred Income Tax Asset	178,478	230,353
Depreciation and amortization	(478,566)	(476,180)
Right of use lease asset	(9,205)	(35,873)
Total Deferred Income Tax Liabilities	(487,771)	(512,053)
Total Net Deferred Tax Liability	$ (309,293)	$ (281,700)

v3.24.0.1

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual) - $ / shares															12 Months Ended
	Dec. 11, 2023	Sep. 12, 2023	Jun. 03, 2023	Mar. 13, 2023	Dec. 07, 2022	Sep. 09, 2022	Jun. 03, 2022	Mar. 07, 2022	Dec. 06, 2021	Mar. 04, 2021	Feb. 22, 2019	May 22, 2017	Aug. 18, 2015	May 06, 2013	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared	$ 0.02														$ 0.05	$ 0.04
Preferred Stock Dividends Number of Rights Declared														1
Preferred Stock Dividends Number of Rights Minimum Percent of Common Stock that must be Acquired to Make Rights Exercisable														15.00%
Preferred Stock Dividends Number of Rights Minimum Percent of Common Stock that Must be Acquired to Make Rights Exercisable, Institutional Investors														20.00%
Right to Purchase Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right														0.01
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights														$ 0.9
Class of Warrant or Right, Term										11 years	9 years	7 years	5 years
Quarterly Dividend [Member]
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared	0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.02	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Special Cash Distribution [Member]
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared	$ 0.01

v3.24.0.1

Note 7 - Lease Receivables Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Jun. 01, 2022	Nov. 30, 2023
Lessor, Sales-type Lease, Term of Contract	7 years
Lessor, Sales Type Lease, Weekly Payments	$ 121
Lessor, Sales-type Lease, Optional Buy-out Payment	$ 4,800
Sales-type Lease, Residual Value of Leased Asset		$ 4,800
Lessor, Sales Type Lease, Applicable Discount Rate		1.25%

v3.24.0.1

Note 7 - Lease Receivable Commitments - Lease Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Lease income	$ (0)	$ 5,319
Lease interest	456	256
Total lease revenue fiscal 2022	$ 456	$ 5,575

v3.24.0.1

Note 7 - Lease Receivable Commitments - Future Minimum Lease Payments Receivable (Details)	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)
2024	$ 6,283
2025	6,283
2026	6,404
2027	6,283
2028	6,283
thereafter	7,942
Total Undiscounted Lease Payments	39,478
Unamortized interest income	(1,172)
Lease receivable, net	38,306
Short-term lease receivable	5,900
Long-term lease receivable	32,406
Total lease receivable	$ 38,306

v3.24.0.1

Note 8 - Lease Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 15, 2024	Oct. 01, 2018	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term		5 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Rent Abatement and Tenant Allowance Period		6 months
Operating Lease, Expense		$ 21,300	$ 97,100	$ 91,100
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term			4 months
Lessee, Operating Lease, Discount Rate			5.25%
Subsequent Event [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Rent Per Square Foot	$ 23
Lessee, Operating Lease, Percent Increase in Rent Per Year	3.00%
Lessee, Operating Lease, Tenant Allowance	$ 158,900
Lessee, Operating Lease, Number of Monthly Payments	62

v3.24.0.1

Note 8 - Lease Commitments - Gross Future Minimum Annual Rental Commitments (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
2024	$ 40,177
Total Undiscounted Rent Payments	40,177
Present Value Discount	(359)
Present Value	39,818
Short-term lease liability	39,818	$ 113,883
Long-term lease liability	$ 0	$ 39,819

v3.24.0.1

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plan (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2022
Defined Contribution Plan, Maximum Annual Contributions Per Employee, Percent	4.00%
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost	$ 38,700	$ 40,100

---