Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: to:

Commission file number: 001-33675

RIOT PLATFORMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Nevada		84-1553387
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


3855 Ambrosia Street, Suite 301, Castle Rock, CO		80109
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (303) 794-2000

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act:

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act:
Common Stock, no par value per share	RIOT	The Nasdaq Capital Market
(Title of class)	(Trading Symbol)	(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 7, 2023, the registrant had 185,305,831 shares of its common stock, no par value per share, outstanding, which was the only class of its registered securities outstanding as of that date.

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RIOT PLATFORMS, INC.

		Page
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	35

	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36
Item 5.	Other Information	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	38
Signatures		40

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RIOT PLATFORMS, INC.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 (this “Quarterly Report”), the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “Riot Platforms,” and “Riot” mean Riot Platforms, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). The Company may also make forward-looking statements in the other reports and documents filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including those documents and filings incorporated herein by reference. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements concerning: our plans, strategies and objectives for future operations; new equipment, systems, technologies, services or developments, such as our development and implementation of industrial-scale immersion-cooled Bitcoin mining hardware and our one-gigawatt data center outside of Corsicana, Texas; future economic conditions, performance, or outlooks; future political conditions; the outcome of contingencies; potential acquisitions or divestitures; the number and value of Bitcoin rewards and transaction fees we earn from our Bitcoin mining operations; expected cash flows or capital expenditures; our beliefs or expectations; activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe, or anticipate will or may occur in the future; and assumptions underlying or based upon any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements may be identified by their use of forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “projects” and similar words or expressions; however, forward-looking statements may be made without such terminology.

Such forward-looking statements reflect certain beliefs and assumptions based on information currently available to management regarding future events, which may not materialize or prove to be correct due to certain risks and uncertainties, including those risks which the Company’s management has identified and believes to be material and those which management has not identified, or which management does not believe to be material. Such risk factors are described in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report and in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Annual Report”), as well as under similar headings in subsequent filings we may make with the SEC. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, the potential impact of all factors on our business, or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements we may make. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s opinions only as of the date the statements are made and are not guarantees of future performance or actual results. Should any risks or uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows, and the market price of our securities may decline, as a result.

It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, the potential impact of all factors on our business, or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Should any risks or uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows, and the market price of our securities may decline, as a result.

Accordingly, you should read this Quarterly Report, and the other filings we make with the SEC, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from our historical results and those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein speak only as of the date they are made and, unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements and are made in reliance of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the PSLRA.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Riot Platforms, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited; and in thousands, except for share amounts)


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	289,176	$	230,328
Accounts receivable, net		13,181		26,932
Contract assets, including retainage of $4,222 and $3,012, respectively		19,063		19,743
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		20,132		32,661
Bitcoin		140,931		109,420
Future power credits, current portion		271		24,297
Total current assets		482,754		443,381

Property and equipment, net		699,637		692,555
Deposits		30,414		42,433
Finite-lived intangible assets, net		18,622		21,477
Derivative asset		104,828		97,497
Operating lease right-of-use assets		21,221		21,673
Future power credits, less current portion		638		638
Other long-term assets		816		310
Total assets	$	1,358,930	$	1,319,964

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	12,616	$	18,445
Contract liabilities		3,117		8,446
Accrued expenses		27,307		65,464
Deferred gain on acquisition post-close dispute settlement		26,007		—
Deferred revenue, current portion		2,670		2,882
Contingent consideration liability - future power credits, current portion		271		24,297
Operating lease liability, current portion		2,343		2,009
Total current liabilities		74,331		121,543

Deferred revenue, less current portion		16,853		17,869
Operating lease liability, less current portion		19,510		20,242
Contingent consideration liability - future power credits, less current portion		638		638
Other long-term liabilities		6,688		8,230
Total liabilities		118,020		168,522

Commitments and contingencies - Note 16

Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized:
2% Series A Convertible Preferred stock, 2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
0% Series B Convertible Preferred stock, 1,750,001 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
Common stock, no par value; 340,000,000 shares authorized; 182,250,554 and 167,751,112 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		2,080,627		1,907,784
Accumulated deficit		(839,717)		(756,342)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,240,910		1,151,442
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,358,930	$	1,319,964

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited; and in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Bitcoin Mining	$	49,742	$	46,151	$	97,765	$	104,096
Data Center Hosting		7,661		9,834		16,703		19,528
Engineering		19,312		16,938		35,459		29,062
Other revenue		24		24		48		48
Total revenue		76,739		72,947		149,975		152,734

Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue:
Bitcoin Mining		23,647		17,995		45,546		37,089
Data Center Hosting		22,134		15,184		47,794		30,169
Engineering		18,182		15,175		33,745		26,724
Acquisition-related costs		—		—		—		78
Selling, general, and administrative		19,836		10,713		32,511		21,545
Depreciation and amortization		66,162		20,562		125,502		34,807
Change in fair value of derivative asset		(13,109)		(60,931)		(7,331)		(104,614)
Power curtailment credits		(13,470)		(5,706)		(16,545)		(8,258)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—		—		—		176
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		(19,828)		(15,260)		(33,603)		(24,925)
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment		30		(8,614)		30		(8,614)
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net		—		—		1,526		—
Impairment of Bitcoin		5,638		101,419		10,110		127,289
Impairment of goodwill		—		335,648		—		335,648
Total costs and expenses		109,222		426,185		239,285		467,114
Operating income (loss)		(32,483)		(353,238)		(89,310)		(314,380)

Other income (expense):
Interest income (expense)		4,843		—		1,013		(357)
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		—		(1,624)		—		(1,624)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		—		(4,837)		—		(6,448)
Other income (expense)		65		(59)		65		(59)
Total other income (expense)		4,908		(6,520)		1,078		(8,488)

Net income (loss) before taxes		(27,575)		(359,758)		(88,232)		(322,868)

Current income tax benefit (expense)		(112)		(427)		(188)		(739)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)		—		6,626		5,045		6,626
Total income tax benefit (expense)		(112)		6,199		4,857		5,887

Net income (loss)	$	(27,687)	$	(353,559)	$	(83,375)	$	(316,981)

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(0.17)	$	(2.71)	$	(0.51)	$	(2.56)
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding		167,342,813		130,405,502		162,559,956		123,760,839

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited; and in thousands, except for share amounts)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023


						Total
	Common Stock			Accumulated		stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		deficit		equity
Balance as of April 1, 2023	166,966,766	$	1,904,175	$	(812,030)	$	1,092,145
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding	(663,377)		(11,638)		—		(11,638)
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs	15,877,000		184,661		—		184,661
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of ESS Metron	70,165		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		3,429		—		3,429
Net income (loss)	—		—		(27,687)		(27,687)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	182,250,554	$	2,080,627	$	(839,717)	$	1,240,910

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022


						Total
	Common Stock			Accumulated		stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		deficit		equity
Balance as of April 1, 2022	117,304,304	$	1,589,893	$	(210,211)	$	1,379,682
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding	122,052		(508)		—		(508)
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs	30,559,817		267,022		—		267,022
Stock-based compensation	—		701		—		701
Net income (loss)	—		—		(353,559)		(353,559)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	147,986,173	$	1,857,108	$	(563,770)	$	1,293,338

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023


						Total
	Common Stock			Accumulated		stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		deficit		equity
Balance as of January 1, 2023	167,751,112	$	1,907,784	$	(756,342)	$	1,151,442
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding	(1,447,723)		(12,951)		—		(12,951)
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs	15,877,000		184,661		—		184,661
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of ESS Metron	70,165		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		1,133		—		1,133
Net income (loss)	—		—		(83,375)		(83,375)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	182,250,554	$	2,080,627	$	(839,717)	$	1,240,910

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022


									Total
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Accumulated		stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		deficit		equity
Balance as of January 1, 2022	2,199	$	11	116,748,472	$	1,595,147	$	(246,789)	$	1,348,369
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding	—		—	675,685		(8,815)		—		(8,815)
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs	—		—	30,559,817		267,022		—		267,022
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	(2,199)		(11)	2,199		11		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		3,743		—		3,743
Net income (loss)	—		—	—		—		(316,981)		(316,981)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	—	$	—	147,986,173	$	1,857,108	$	(563,770)	$	1,293,338

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	(83,375)	$	(316,981)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		1,133		3,743
Depreciation and amortization		125,502		34,807
Amortization of license fee revenue		(48)		(48)
Noncash lease expense		1,134		807
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		(5,045)		(6,626)
Impairment of Bitcoin		10,110		127,289
Impairment of goodwill		—		335,648
Change in fair value of derivative asset		(7,331)		(104,614)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—		176
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		—		1,624
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		(33,603)		(24,925)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		—		6,448
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment		30		(8,614)
Casualty-related charges		1,526		—
Bitcoin Mining revenue		(97,765)		(104,096)
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin		89,162		33,116
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase)/decrease in operating assets		29,226		18,983
Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities		(36,440)		(11,130)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(5,784)		(14,393)

Investing activities
Proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities		—		704
Deposits on equipment		—		(192,485)
Security deposits		—		(709)
Purchases of property and equipment, including construction in progress		(107,424)		(77,403)
Patent costs incurred		(34)		(28)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(107,458)		(269,921)

Financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock / At-the-market offering		188,430		272,737
Offering costs for the issuance of common stock / At-the-market offering		(3,769)		(5,715)
Payments on contingent consideration liability - future power credits		—		(15,725)
Proceeds from Credit and Security Facility		880		—
Repayments of Credit and Security Facility		(500)		—
Repurchase of common shares to pay employee withholding taxes		(12,951)		(8,815)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		172,090		242,482

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		58,848		(41,832)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		230,328		312,315
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	289,176	$	270,483


Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	$	17	$	—
Cash paid for taxes	$	—	$	—
Non-cash transactions
Reclassification of deposits to property and equipment	$	33,273	$	96,348
Construction in progress included in accrued expenses	$	7,353	$	2,020
Bitcoin exchanged for employee compensation	$	585	$	1,362
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$	—	$	11
Right of use assets exchanged for new operating lease liabilities	$	682	$	8,784
Property and equipment obtained in exchange transaction	$	—	$	10,409

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Operation of Our Business

Nature of Operations

Riot is a vertically integrated Bitcoin mining company principally engaged in enhancing our capabilities to mine Bitcoin in support of the Bitcoin blockchain. The Company also provides comprehensive and critical infrastructure for its own Bitcoin Mining, as well as provides such infrastructure for institutional-scale hosted clients to mine Bitcoin at its Bitcoin mining facility in Rockdale, Texas (the “Rockdale Facility”). Currently, the Rockdale Facility has 700 megawatts (“MW”) in total developed capacity for Riot’s Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting services for institutional-scale hosted clients. The Company is also developing a second large-scale Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Services facility located outside of Corsicana, Texas (the “Corsicana Facility”), which, upon completion, is expected to have approximately one gigawatt of capacity available for Riot’s Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting services for institutional-scale hosted clients. The Company also provides Engineering services, which includes providing engineered electrical equipment products to third-party customers and customized electrical infrastructure essential to the Company’s Bitcoin Mining and hosting of institutional-scale clients.

As described in Note 19. Segment Information, we operate in three reportable business segments: Bitcoin Mining, Data Center Hosting, and Engineering.

Note 2. Liquidity and Financial Condition

At June 30, 2023, the Company had approximate balances of cash and cash equivalents of $289.2 million, working capital of $408.4 million, total stockholders’ equity of $1.2 billion and an accumulated deficit of $839.7 million. To date, the Company has, in large part, relied on equity financing to fund its operations and growth. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company sold 3,575 Bitcoin for proceeds of approximately $89.2 million. The Company monitors its balance sheet on an ongoing basis and continuously evaluates the level of Bitcoin retained from monthly production in consideration of cash requirements and its ongoing operations and expansion. Bitcoin is classified on the balance sheet as a current asset due to its ability to be sold in a highly liquid marketplace and the Company’s intent to liquidate its Bitcoin to support its operations when needed.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued 15,877,000 shares of common stock, at a weighted average price of $11.87 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $184.7 million. During July 2023, the Company issued 570,645 shares of common stock, at a weighted average price of $11.78 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $6.6 million (see Note 13. Stockholders’ Equity).

Inflation

The Company has experienced, and is experiencing, the impact of domestic and global inflationary pressures largely outside of its control, as well as the impact of central banks’ responses to such pressures. This inflationary pressure impacts the Company’s cost structure by increasing the cost of materials, parts, and labor, making both its operations and development more expensive, despite a continued focus on controlling our costs where possible. The development of the Corsicana Facility has been impacted by increased materials prices, labor costs, and higher rates for services, all of which may adversely affect the Company’s ability to complete the planned expansion on time and within its anticipated budget. Management is unable to accurately predict when, or if, these inflationary pressures will subside, or whether and to what extent a broad-based economic recession will arise in connection with these pressures. As a result, management is unable to predict the impact these inflationary pressures and possible follow-on conditions may have on the business and results of operations, as well as access to financing. See the Company’s 2022 Annual Report for additional discussion regarding the potential impacts of sustained, elevated inflationary pressures may have on its operations and plans for expansion.

Note 3. Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of such interim results. Amounts are stated in thousands of U.S. Dollars except for share, per share and miner amounts.

The results in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 or for any future interim period. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and, as such, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and notes thereto, included in the 2022 Annual Report.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements include estimates associated with valuing contingent consideration for a business combination and periodic reassessment of its fair value, allocating the fair value of purchase consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions, revenue recognition, valuing the derivative asset classified under Level 3 fair value hierarchy, determining the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, impairment analysis of goodwill, fixed assets, and finite-lived intangibles, stock-based compensation, and the valuation allowance associated with the Company’s deferred tax assets.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and these accompanying notes. The reclassifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The impact on any prior period disclosures was immaterial.

Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see the Company’s 2022 Annual Report.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated all recently issued accounting pronouncements and believes such pronouncements do not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Note 4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregated revenue

Revenue disaggregated by reportable segment is presented in Note 19. Segment Information.

Contract balances

Contract assets relate to uncompleted Engineering contracts. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, contract assets were $19.1 million and $19.7 million, respectively.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Contract liabilities primarily relate to upfront payments and consideration received for Data Center Hosting services and uncompleted Engineering contracts. The following table presents changes in contract liabilities and deferred revenue:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	29,197
Revenue recognized		(8,763)
Other changes in contract liabilities		2,206
Ending balance	$	22,640

Remaining performance obligation

The following table presents the Company’s remaining performance obligations, which represent the transaction price of contracts for work that has not yet been performed.


	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Data Center Hosting	$	1,394	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	8,147	$	18,989
Engineering		3,117		—		—		—		—		—		3,117
Other		49		97		97		97		97		97		534
Total contract liabilities	$	4,560	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	8,244	$	22,640

Note 5. Bitcoin

The following table presents information about the Company’s Bitcoin holdings:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	109,420
Revenue recognized from Bitcoin mined		97,765
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin		(89,162)
Exchange of Bitcoin for employee compensation		(585)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		33,603
Impairment of Bitcoin		(10,110)
Ending balance	$	140,931

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges on its Bitcoin holdings of $5.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges on its Bitcoin holdings of $101.4 million and $127.3 million, respectively.

Applying the market price of one Bitcoin on June 30, 2023 of approximately $30,477 to the Company’s 7,265 Bitcoin held at that date resulted in an estimated fair value of the Company’s Bitcoin of $221.4 million. Applying the market price of one Bitcoin on December 31, 2022 of approximately $16,548 to the Company’s 6,974 Bitcoin held at that date resulted in an estimated fair value of the Company’s Bitcoin of $115.4 million. The valuation of Bitcoin held is classified under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as it is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 6. Property and Equipment

The following table presents the Company’s property and equipment:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Buildings and building improvements	$	312,128	$	229,685
Land rights and land improvements		10,164		10,164
Miners and mining equipment		491,783		441,324
Machinery and facility equipment		38,030		35,125
Office and computer equipment		1,649		1,206
Construction in progress		90,257		97,231
Total cost of property and equipment		944,011		814,735
Less accumulated depreciation		(244,374)		(122,180)
Property and equipment, net	$	699,637	$	692,555

The Company did not incur any impairment charges for its property and equipment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense related to property and equipment totaled $64.7 million and $20.2 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, totaled $122.6 million and $34.1 million, respectively.

Miners and mining equipment

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had a total of 95,904 miners deployed in its Bitcoin mining operation at the Rockdale Facility, excluding 17,040 miners currently offline as a result of damage sustained to the facility’s infrastructure during severe winter storms affecting Texas in December 2022.

In June 2023, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with MicroBT Electronics Technology Co., LTD, through its manufacturing affiliate, SuperAcme Technology (Hong Kong) Limited (collectively, “MicroBT”) to acquire 8,320 M56S+ model miners and 24,960 M56S++ model miners, primarily for its Corsicana Facility, for a total purchase price of approximately $162.9 million. Delivery of the miners is expected to begin in December 2023, with all miners expected to be received and deployed by mid-2024. The purchase agreement also provides the Company an option to purchase up to an additional 66,560 additional M56S++ miners, on the same terms as the initial order, through December 31, 2024.

In July 2023, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Midas Green Technologies, LLC (d/b/a “Midas Immersion Cooling”) (“Midas”) for the purchase of 200 MW of immersion cooling systems for its Corsicana Facility. Delivery of the immersion cooling systems is expected to begin in the third quarter of 2023 and be completed by the end of 2023. The purchase agreement also provides the Company an option to purchase up to an additional 400 MW of immersion cooling systems, on the same terms as the initial order, through December 31, 2025.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding executed purchase agreements for the purchase of miners from Bitmain Technologies Limited (“Bitmain”) for a total of 5,130 S19 series miners, which were received in January 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Company did not have any outstanding purchase agreements for the purchase of miners from Bitmain.

Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net

In December 2022, the Rockdale Facility was damaged during severe winter storms in Texas, impacting approximately 2.5 exahash per second (“EH/s”) of hash rate capacity.

The Company has estimated that total damages of $11.2 million were incurred. No insurance recoveries have been received. Recoveries will be recognized when they are probable of being received.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Construction in progress

In 2021, the Company commenced expansion of the Rockdale Facility to 700 MW from its initial 300 MW of developed capacity. As of June 30, 2023, the 400 MW expansion of the Rockdale Facility had been completed.

In 2022, the Company initiated development of the Corsicana Facility to expand its Bitcoin mining and data center hosting capabilities, on a 265-acre site in Navarro County, Texas, located next to the Navarro switch. Once complete, the Company expects the Corsicana Facility to have one gigawatt of developed capacity for its Bitcoin mining and data center operations.

The initial phase of the development of the Corsicana Facility involves the construction of 400 MW of immersion-cooled Bitcoin mining and data center hosting infrastructure, as well as a high-voltage power substation and transmission facilities to supply power and water to the facility. Construction of the substation and the data centers is ongoing and Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting operations are expected to commence following the commissioning of the substation.

Through June 30, 2023, the Company had incurred costs of approximately $102.0 million related to the development of the Corsicana Facility, including $10.1 million paid to acquire the land on which the facility is being developed, $87.2 million of initial developments costs and equipment, and a $4.7 million deposit for future power usage.

Commitments

In July 2023, the Company paid a deposit of $48.9 million to MicroBT for the purchase of miners described herein, leaving an additional commitment of approximately $114.0 million due in installments through approximately April 2024 based on the estimated delivery schedule.

In July 2023, the Company paid a deposit of $20.8 million to Midas for the purchase of immersion cooling systems described herein, leaving an additional commitment of approximately $31.2 million due in installments through approximately February 2024 based on the estimated delivery schedule.

Related party land transaction

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company began an initiative to provide certain on-site temporary housing for stakeholders, including partners, analysts, stockholders, employees, vendors, and other visitors to the Rockdale Facility, which is located in a relatively remote area of central Texas, with limited accommodations for visitors. In July 2023, Riot completed its acquisition of the property and land for the development of temporary housing from Lyle Theriot (indirectly, through a limited liability company controlled by Mr. Theriot) for approximately $1.1 million, consisting of $0.2 million for land and $0.9 million for buildings and improvements. Mr. Theriot is part of the management team at Riot and is considered a related party of Riot. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition.

Note 7. Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2023:


							Weighted-
	Gross		Accumulated		Net book		average life
	book value		amortization		value		(years)
Customer contracts	$	6,300	$	(982)	$	5,318	10
Trademark		5,000		(792)		4,208	10
UL Listings		2,700		(357)		2,343	12
Patents		10,060		(3,307)		6,753	Various
Finite-lived intangible assets	$	24,060	$	(5,438)	$	18,622

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022:


							Weighted-
	Gross		Accumulated		Net book		average life
	book value		amortization		value		(years)
Customer contracts	$	6,300	$	(671)	$	5,629	10
Trademark		5,000		(542)		4,458	10
UL Listings		2,700		(244)		2,456	12
Patents		10,060		(1,126)		8,934	Various
Finite-lived intangible assets	$	24,060	$	(2,583)	$	21,477

During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $1.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $2.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

The following table presents the estimated future amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2023:


Remainder of 2023	$	3,535
2024		5,815
2025		1,355
2026		1,355
2027		1,355
Thereafter		5,207
Total	$	18,622

The Company did not identify any impairment of its finite-lived intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Note 8. Power Supply Contract

Power Supply Contract and Demand Response Services Programs

In May 2020, the Company entered into a Power Supply Agreement with TXU Energy Retail Company LLC (“TXU”) (the “Power Supply Agreement”) to provide the delivery of 130 MW of electricity by TXU to the Rockdale Facility, via the facility owned by Oncor Electric Delivery Company, LLC (“Oncor”), at fixed prices through April 30, 2030. In March and November 2022, the Company and TXU agreed to increase the amount of electricity to be provided under the Power Supply Agreement by 65 MW and 150 MW, respectively, of electricity at fixed prices through April 30, 2030 and October 31, 2027, respectively, for a total of 345 MW under contract at fixed prices.

If electricity used exceeds the amount contracted, the cost of the excess electricity is incurred at the then-current spot rate. Concurrently with the Power Supply Agreement, the Company entered into an agreement with Oncor for the extension of delivery system transmission/substation facilities to facilitate delivery of the electricity to the Rockdale Facility (the “Facilities Agreement”). Power costs incurred under the Facilities Agreement are determined every 15 minutes using settlement information provided by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (“ERCOT”) and are recorded in Cost of revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In collaboration with market participants such as the Company, ERCOT has a Demand Response Services Program for customers that have the ability to reduce or modify electricity use in response to instructions or signals. The Demand Response Services Program provides the ERCOT market with valuable reliability and economic services by helping to preserve system reliability, enhancing competition, mitigating price spikes, and encouraging the demand side of the market to respond better to wholesale price signals. Market participants with electrical loads like the Company may participate in the Demand Response Service Program directly by offering their electrical loads into the ERCOT markets, or indirectly by voluntarily reducing their energy usage in response to increasing wholesale prices.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Under the Demand Response Services Program, the Company can participate in a variety of programs by electing to designate a portion of its available electrical load for participation in such programs on an hourly basis. The Company receives a cash payment from ERCOT based on hourly rates for electricity and the amount of electrical load it bids into each respective Demand Response Services Program. Through ancillary services, the Company competitively bids to sell ERCOT the ability to control Riot’s electrical load on demand, and to power down when needed in order to stabilize the grid. The Company receives compensation for its participation in ancillary services directly from ERCOT whether or not Riot is actually called to power down.

Riot also participates in ERCOT’s Four Coincident Peak (“4CP”) program, which refers to the highest-load settlement intervals in each of the four summer months of June, July, August, and September, during which demand for power is at its highest. Market participants can voluntarily power down operations during these times and in doing so, make more electrical load available to the grid. Participants that reduce their load in these peak periods receive credits to transmission costs on future power bills during the subsequent year, reducing overall power costs. As a result of Riot’s participation in 4CP in 2022, the Company’s transmission charges in its ongoing 2023 monthly power bills are substantially reduced.

Under the Company’s Power Supply Agreement with TXU, the Company may offer electricity back to TXU for sale on the ERCOT marketplace, in exchange for credits against future power costs, rather than using the power for the Company’s operations, when there is a benefit to the Company, depending on the spot market price of electricity. The Company’s power strategy combines participation in Demand Response Services Programs and sales of power during times of peak demand, to manage operating costs most efficiently. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company sold approximately $13.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, in electricity back to ERCOT in exchange for credits against power costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 sold approximately $16.5 million and $8.3 million, respectively, in electricity back to ERCOT in exchange for credits against power costs. These sales are recorded in Power curtailment credits on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company determined the Power Supply Agreement meets the definition of a derivative because it allows for net settlement. However, because the Company has the ability to offer the power back to the grid rather than take physical delivery, physical delivery is not probable through the entirety of the contract and therefore, the Company does not believe the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception applies to the Power Supply Agreement. Accordingly, the Power Supply Agreement (a non-hedging derivative contract) is accounted for as a derivative and recorded at its estimated fair value each reporting period in Derivative asset on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with the change in the fair value recorded in Change in fair value of derivative asset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Power Supply Agreement is not designated as a hedging instrument.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s derivate asset is classified under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the significant unobservable inputs utilized in the valuation. Specifically, the Company’s discounted cash flow estimation models contain quoted commodity exchange spot and forward prices and are adjusted for basis spreads for load zone-to-hub differentials through the term of the Power Supply Agreement, which ends in December 2030. The significant assumptions used to estimate fair value of the derivative contract include a discount rate of 23.3%, which reflected the nature of the contract as it relates to the risk and uncertainty of the estimated future mark-to-market adjustments, forward price curves of the power supply, broker/dealer quotes and other similar data obtained from quoted market prices or independent pricing vendors. The discount rate includes observable market inputs, but also includes unobservable inputs based on qualitative judgment related to company-specific risk factors.

The terms of the Power Supply Agreement require margin-based collateral, calculated as exposure resulting from fluctuations in the market cost rate of electricity versus the fixed price stated in the contract. As of June 30, 2023, the margin-based collateral requirement of the Company was zero.

While the Company manages operating costs at the Rockdale Facility in part by periodically selling unused or uneconomical power back to TXU for sale on the ERCOT marketplace, the Company does not consider such actions to be trading activities.

The following table presents changes in the estimated fair value of the Derivative asset:


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	97,497
Change in fair value of derivative asset		7,331
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	104,828

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 9. Long-Term Assets

Deposits

The following table presents the Company’s deposits:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deposits on equipment	$	—		33,273
Security deposits		30,414		9,160
Total deposits	$	30,414	$	42,433

Deposits on Equipment

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding executed purchase agreements for the purchase of miners from Bitmain for a total of 5,130 S19 series miners, which were received in January 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company reclassified the outstanding deposit of $33.3 million to property and equipment in connection with the receipt of the miners at the Rockdale Facility. See Note 6, Property and Equipment.

In July 2023, the Company paid a deposit of $48.9 million to MicroBT for the purchase of miners and a deposit of $20.8 million to Midas for the purchase of immersion cooling systems. See Note 6, Property and Equipment.

Security Deposits

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company paid $23.0 million as a security deposit in connection with its 215 MW increase to the Power Supply Agreement with TXU, resulting in a total of 345 MW under contract at fixed prices.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid approximately $4.7 million as a security deposit for the development of the Corsicana Facility, all of which was outstanding as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, all $3.1 million paid to Oncor in 2021 in connection with an amended and restated Transmission/Substation Facility Extension Agreement, for the construction of the Oncor-owned Delivery System facilities to serve the expansion of the Rockdale Facility, had been utilized. The Company has other security deposits totaling approximately $2.7 million, which includes $1.8 million on the ground lease.

Note 10. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Construction in progress	$	7,353	$	16,621
Power related costs and remittances		2,981		32,632
Accrued compensation		6,491		8,582
Insurance		928		3,660
Other		9,554		3,969
Total accrued expenses	$	27,307	$	65,464

Note 11. Debt

Credit and Security Facility

ESS Metron a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, has a $10.0 million Credit and Security Facility, which consists of a $6.0 million Revolving Line of Credit and a $4.0 million Equipment Guidance Line.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The $6.0 million Revolving Line of Credit has a term of one year with interest due monthly and principal due at maturity. All amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit carry a variable interest rate of not less than 4.0% and are secured by the assets of ESS Metron. As of June 30, 2023, the interest rate was 7.5%.

The $4.0 million Equipment Guidance Line has a term of one year and permits the Company to finance up to 80.0% of certain equipment purchases. All amounts borrowed under the Equipment Guidance Line carry a variable interest rate of not less than 4.0% and are secured by the assets of ESS Metron. As of June 30, 2023, the interest rate was 7.5%.

Total borrowings under the Revolving Line of Credit during the six months ended June 30, 2023, were approximately $0.9 million and payments were $0.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the entire amount outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit of approximately $0.4 million converted to a fixed rate term loan (see below). As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of the Revolving Line of Credit was zero and less than $0.1 million, respectively, and was recognized within Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

All borrowings and accrued interest under the Equipment Guidance Line convert to fixed rate term loans every six months, which have either five-year terms for borrowings used to acquire vehicles and manufacturing equipment (“Manufacturing Term Loans”) or three-year terms for borrowings of equipment other than vehicles and manufacturing equipment (“Equipment Term Loans”). The Manufacturing Term Loans carry interest at a fixed rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 2.5% as of conversion and the Equipment Term Loans carry interest at a fixed rate equal to the three-year treasury rate plus 2.5% as of conversion. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, approximately $0.4 million outstanding under the Credit and Security Facility was converted into a three-year Equipment Term Loan with a fixed interest rate of 6.6%. As of June 30, 2023, no amount was outstanding under Manufacturing Term Loans and approximately $0.4 million was outstanding under Equipment Term Loans.

As of June 30, 2023, the outstanding balance on the Equipment Term Loans was recognized net of approximately $0.1 million of deferred financing costs. The net current balance on the Equipment Term Loans of $0.1 million was recognized within Accrued Expenses and the net long-term balance of $0.3 million was recognized within Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Credit and Security Facility.

Note 12. Leases

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, operating lease right of use assets were $21.2 million and $21.7 million, respectively, and operating lease liabilities were $21.9 million and $22.3 million, respectively.

The following table presents the components of the Company’s lease expense:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	951	$	803	$	1,855	$	1,425
Variable lease cost		49		31		104		76
Operating lease expense		1,000		834	$	1,959	$	1,501

The following table presents supplemental lease information:


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	920		$	719		$	1,794		$	719
Right of use assets exchanged for new operating lease liabilities	$	—		$	—		$	682		$	8,784
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		7.9			9.3			7.9			9.3
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		6.6	%		6.5	%		6.6	%		6.5	%

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table represents our future minimum operating lease payments as of June 30, 2023:


	Ground lease		Office and other leases		Total
Remainder of 2023	$	970	$	862	$	1,832
2024		1,998		1,701		3,699
2025		2,058		1,347		3,405
2026		2,119		1,273		3,392
2027		2,183		1,148		3,331
Thereafter		9,618		3,227		12,845
Total undiscounted lease payments		18,946		9,558		28,504
Less present value discount		(5,719)		(932)		(6,651)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	13,227	$	8,626	$	21,853

In July 2023, the Company entered into a five-year office space lease, which will result in the recognition of approximately $0.6 million of operating lease right of use assets and operating lease liabilities in the third quarter of 2023.

Note 13. Stockholders’ Equity

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, approximately 4.6 million shares of common stock were issued to the Company’s board of directors, officers, employees, and advisors in settlement of an equal number of fully vested restricted stock awards awarded to such individuals by the Company under the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2019 Equity Incentive Plan”). The Company withheld approximately 1.2 million of these shares, with a fair value of approximately $12.8 million, to cover the withholding taxes related to the settlement of these vested restricted stock awards, as permitted by the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

At-the-Market (“ATM”) Equity Offerings

2022 ATM Offering

In March 2022, the Company entered into the 2022 ATM Offering, under which it could offer and sell up to $500.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $184.7 million ($188.4 million of gross proceeds, net of $3.7 million in commissions and expenses) from the sale of 15,877,000 shares of its common stock at a weighted average fair value of $11.87 per share under its 2022 ATM Offering.

In July 2023, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $6.6 million ($6.7 million of gross proceeds, net of $0.1 million in commissions and expenses) from the sale of 570,645 shares of its common stock at a weighted average fair value of $11.78 per share under its 2022 ATM Offering. With the sale and issuance of these shares, all $500.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock available for sale under its 2022 ATM Offering had been issued.

ESS Metron Holdback Shares

On December 31, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests in ESS Metron for consideration that included 715,413 shares of the Company’s common stock, 70,165 shares of which were withheld as security for the sellers’ indemnification obligations for 18 months. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the indemnification period ended, and all 70,165 of the withheld shares were issued to the ESS Metron sellers.

Note 14. Stock-Based Compensation

The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the granting of stock-based compensation awards to directors, officers, employees, and advisors of the Company in the form of restricted stock awards or stock options that settle in shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by category:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Performance-based stock awards	$	(5,459)	$	2,656	$	(16,349)	$	3,938
Service-based stock awards		8,888		(1,955)		17,482		(195)
Total stock-based compensation	$	3,429	$	701	$	1,133	$	3,743

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in Selling, general and administrative on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Restricted Common Stock Awards

Performance-Based Awards

Performance-based awards are eligible to vest over a three-year performance period upon the successful completion of specified milestones related to added infrastructure capacity and Adjusted EBITDA through December 31, 2023.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s performance-based awards activity:


		Weighted Average
		Grant-Date
		Per Share
	Number of Shares	Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2023	3,918,935	$	25.92
Granted	380,700	$	8.07
Vested	(373,520)	$	25.78
Forfeited	(231,800)	$	34.89
Balance as of June 30, 2023	3,694,315	$	23.54

As of June 30, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to the performance-based awards.

In July 2023, the Company adopted a new long-term incentive program under its 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, under which employees are eligible to receive performance-based awards that are eligible to vest based on the relative performance of the Company’s common stock (the Company “Total Stockholder Return” or “TSR”), compared to the performance of the Russell 3000 Index (the “Index TSR”), during the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2025. The TSR awards have a vesting range of 0% to 200% of the recipient’s target award, subject to the recipient’s continuous employment with the Company through July 31, 2026. In July 2023, the Company awarded 1.7 million shares of restricted common stock and 0.2 million restricted stock units. The awards have an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $38.0 million.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Service-Based Awards

Service-based awards generally vest over a one to two-year service period.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s service-based awards activity:


		Weighted Average
		Grant-Date
		Per Share
	Number of Shares	Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2023	8,855,744	$	6.84
Granted	378,889	$	4.89
Vested	(4,227,077)	$	6.85
Forfeited	(779,297)	$	6.81
Balance as of June 30, 2023	4,228,259	$	6.75

As of June 30, 2023, there was approximately $29.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the service-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 12 months.

In July 2023, the Company awarded 0.8 million service-based restricted common stock and 0.1 million restricted stock units to its employees under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. These awards are eligible to vest in one-third annual installments over a three-year service period, subject to the recipient’s continuous employment with the Company through the applicable vesting dates, and have an aggregate grant date fair value of $19.7 million.

Note 15. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:


	Fair value measured as of June 30, 2023
							Significant
			Quoted prices in		Significant other		unobservable
	Total carrying		active markets		observable inputs		inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative asset (a)	$	104,828	$	—	$	—	$	104,828
Contingent consideration liability (b)	$	909	$	—	$	—	$	909


	Fair value measured as of December 31, 2022
							Significant
			Quoted prices in		Significant other		unobservable
	Total carrying		active markets		observable inputs		inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative asset (a)	$	97,497	$	—	$	—	$	97,497
Contingent consideration liability (b)	$	24,935	$	—	$	—	$	24,935

(a)

See Note 8. Power Supply Contract.

(b)

See Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, contract assets, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, and accrued expenses approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Operating Leases

The Company leases its primary office locations and data center hosting facilities, as well as a ground lease, under noncancelable lease agreements that expire on varying dates through 2032. See Note 12. Leases.

Water Reservation Agreement

The Company has a water reservation agreement with the lessor of its ground lease to obtain a certain quantity of non-potable water from a nearby lake to be used by the Company for evaporative cooling purposes at our Rockdale Facility. The term of the agreement, including the impact of the amendment, runs through January 2032, followed by three ten-year renewal periods, and requires annual payments of approximately $2.1 million.

The Company concluded that the water reservation agreement was not a lease or a derivative instrument. Because the Company obtained an additional right of use for the reserved water amount, and the charges were increased by a standalone price commensurate with the additional water use rights and at market rates, the water reservation agreement was determined to be a lease modification accounted for as a separate contract. As such, the fees of the water reservation agreement were excluded from the lease payments of the ground lease and the water reservation agreement was accounted for as a separate executory contract.

Contingent Consideration Liability

Upon the acquisition of Whinstone in May 2021, the Company was obligated to pay up to $86.0 million, net of income taxes, (undiscounted) of consideration if certain power credits were received or realized by the Company arising from a severe weather event in Texas in February 2021. Through June 30, 2023, portions of the power credits were received, and a portion of the obligation was settled.

The following table presents the changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration liability:


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	24,935
Change in contingent consideration		(24,026)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	909

The estimated fair value measurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement.

The Company estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration using a discounted cash flow analysis, which includes estimates of both the timing and amounts of potential future power credits. These estimates were determined using the Company’s historical consumption quantities and patterns combined with management’s expectations of its future consumption requirements, which require significant judgment and depend on various factors outside the Company’s control, such as construction delays. The discount rate of approximately 2.5% includes observable market inputs, such as TXU’s parent company’s Standard & Poor’s credit rating of BB, but also includes unobservable inputs such as interest rate spreads, which were estimated based on qualitative judgment related to company-specific risk factors. Specifically, due to the power credits being subordinated obligations for TXU’s parent, the Company used one credit rating lower than BB in the yield curve to estimate a reasonable interest rate spread to determine the cost of debt input. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, the estimates could change significantly from period to period.

Approximately $1.2 million of remaining future power credits to be received are estimated to be received over a period of 12 years. The Company determined the value of the contingent consideration as of June 30, 2023, using a discount rate of approximately 8.0%, which was based on the factors above, including the recent increase in interest rates.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company, and its subsidiaries, are subject at times to various claims, lawsuits and governmental proceedings relating to the Company’s business and transactions arising in the ordinary course of business, as described in the 2022 Annual Report, as supplemented by the following:

Northern Data Working Capital Disputes

On September 7, 2022, the Company filed a complaint against Northern Data AG (“Northern Data”) disputing the purchase price of Whinstone and seeking declaratory relief and specific performance of the stock purchase agreement. Northern Data filed an answer and counterclaims alleging that the Company and Whinstone withheld certain energy credit payments and that the Company is improperly seeking to introduce indemnification claims into the contractual process to resolve the parties’ dispute. On March 31, 2023, the Parties filed a stipulation agreeing to dismiss all claims without prejudice and to submit the dispute for final determination to an independent accountant. The Company placed $29.5 million in escrow pending the final determination.

On June 9, 2023, the independent accountant rendered a written final determination finding in favor of the Company on disputed issues totaling approximately $27.1 million, which were released from escrow and distributed to the Company on June 13, 2023. The remaining amount in escrow was allocated to Northern Data. As a result, we recognized a Deferred gain on acquisition post-close dispute settlement of $26.0 million on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Following the final determination almost entirely in favor of the Company, on June 23, 2023, Northern Data filed a complaint against the Company seeking a declaratory judgment that (1) certain parts of the independent accountant’s determination constitute manifest error and are thus null and void, (2) the Company improperly introduced an indemnification claim into the purchase price adjustment process, and (3) the Company pay Northern Data the amounts awarded to the Company or, alternatively, the court order a new purchase price adjustment process. The Company intends to vigorously oppose Northern Data’s complaint to set aside the independent accountant’s final determination. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on July 17, 2023, and subject to approval from the Court, the parties agreed that briefing on the motion to dismiss will be completed by October 17, 2023. Although the Company entirely disagrees with the allegations and arguments raised by Northern Data and considers its complaint to be without merit, the Company cannot accurately predict the outcome of ongoing litigation.

Legacy Hosting Customer Disputes

Rhodium

On May 2, 2023, Whinstone filed a petition against Rhodium 30MW, LLC, Rhodium JV, LLC, Air HPC LLC, and Jordan HPC, LLC (collectively, “Rhodium”) and later amended the petition asserting breach of contract claims for Rhodium’s failure to pay hosting and service fees under certain hosting agreements. Additionally, the amended petition seeks a declaration that certain hosting agreements with Rhodium are terminated and that no power credits are owed to Rhodium under any agreement. Whinstone seeks recovery of more than $26 million, plus reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs, expenses, and pre- and post-judgment interest. On June 12, 2023, Rhodium answered and, along with non-parties Rhodium Encore LLC, Rhodium 2.0 LLC, and Rhodium 10mw LLC (collectively, the “Non-Parties”), filed counterclaims for breach of contract and moved to compel arbitration seeking recovery of at least $7-$10 million in alleged unpaid energy sale credits and between seven to eight figures in lost profits. Whinstone believes Rhodium’s claims are without merit and intends to vigorously contest them, as appropriate. A hearing on the parties’ arguments is set for August 25, 2023. Because this litigation is still at this early stage, we cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the magnitude of such an outcome, if any.

SBI Crypto Co.

On April 5, 2023, SBI Crypto Co., Ltd. (“SBI”) filed a complaint against Whinstone alleging breach of contract, fraud/fraudulent inducement, fraud by nondisclosure, and negligent bailment claims. Whinstone filed a motion to dismiss SBI’s complaint and on July 7, 2023, SBI filed an amended complaint asserting breach of contract, fraud/fraudulent inducement, and fraud by nondisclosure. On July 21, 2023, Whinstone filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. SBI seeks recovery of at least $15 million in lost profits, at least $16 million for equipment damage, reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs, expenses, costs, and pre- and post-judgment

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

interest. While a preliminary investigation of the merits of SBI’s claims has commenced, Whinstone believes many of the claims are barred or waived and substantively lack merit, and Whinstone plans to vigorously contest the same. Because this litigation is still at this early stage, we cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the magnitude of such an outcome, if any.

GMO

On June 13, 2022, GMO Gamecenter USA, Inc. and its parent GMO Internet, Inc. (collectively “GMO”), filed a complaint against Whinstone alleging breach of contract under the colocation services agreement between GMO and Whinstone, seeking damages in excess of $150 million. Whinstone has responded to GMO’s claims and raised counterclaims of its own, alleging GMO itself breached the colocation services agreement, seeking a declaratory judgment and damages in excess of $25 million. At this preliminary stage, the Company believes that GMO’s claims lack merit. Because this litigation is still at this early stage, we cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the magnitude of such an outcome, if any.

Class Actions and Related Claims

On February 17, 2018, Creighton Takata filed an action asserting putative class action claims on behalf of the Company’s stockholders in the United District Court for the District of New Jersey, Takata v. Riot Blockchain Inc., et al., Case No. 3: 18-cv-02293. The complaint asserts violations of federal securities laws under Section 10(b) and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act on behalf of a putative class of stockholders that purchased stock from November 13, 2017 through February 15, 2018. The complaint alleges that the Company and certain of its officers and directors made, caused to be made, or failed to correct false and/or misleading statements in press releases and public filings regarding its business plan in connection with its cryptocurrency business. The complaint requests damages in unspecified amounts, costs and fees of bringing the action, and other unspecified relief.

On April 18, 2018, Joseph J. Klapper, Jr., filed a complaint against Riot Blockchain, Inc., and certain of its officers and directors in the United District Court for the District of New Jersey (Klapper v. Riot Blockchain Inc., et al., Case No. 3: 18-cv-8031). The complaint contained substantially similar allegations and the same claims as those filed by Mr. Takata, and requests damages in unspecified amounts, costs and fees of bringing the action, and other unspecified relief.

On November 6, 2018, the court in the Takata action issued an order consolidating Takata with Klapper into a single putative class action. The court also appointed Dr. Golovac as Lead Plaintiff and Motely Rice as Lead Counsel of the consolidated class action.

Lead Plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint on January 15, 2019. Defendants filed motions to dismiss on March 18, 2019. In lieu of opposing defendants’ motions to dismiss, Lead Plaintiff filed another amended complaint on May 9, 2019. Defendants filed multiple motions to dismiss the amended complaint starting on September 3, 2019. On April 30, 2020, the court granted the motions to dismiss, which resulted in the dismissal of all claims without prejudice.

On December 24, 2020, Lead Plaintiff filed another amended complaint. Defendants filed multiple motions to dismiss the amended complaint starting on February 8, 2021, which were fully briefed. On February 28, 2022, the court issued an order instructing the parties to submit supplemental briefing by March 14, 2022 on particular issues raised in the motions to dismiss. On May 27, 2022, Lead Plaintiff filed the third amended consolidated complaint. Defendants submitted motions to dismiss on July 18, 2022. Briefing on the motions to dismiss was completed in October 2022. Because this litigation is still at this early stage, we cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the magnitude of such an outcome, if any.

Shareholder Derivative Actions

On April 5, 2018, Michael Jackson filed a shareholder derivative complaint on behalf of the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Nassau, against certain of the Company’s officers and directors, as well as against an investor (Jackson v. Riot Blockchain, Inc., et al., Case No. 604520/18). The complaint contains similar allegations to those contained in the shareholder class action complaints and seeks recovery for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, abuse of control and gross mismanagement. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and corporate governance changes. At the last preliminary conference, the court adjourned the conference until October 26, 2023 in lieu of staying the action. Defendants do not anticipate any other activity on this case until the next preliminary conference.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

On May 22, 2018, two additional shareholder derivative complaints were filed on behalf of the Company in the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada in and for the County of Clark (Kish v. O’Rourke, et al., Case No. A-18-774890-B & Gaft v. O’Rourke, et al., Case No. A-18-774896-8). The two complaints made nearly identical allegations, which were similar to the allegations contained in the shareholder class action complaints. The shareholder derivative plaintiffs also sought recovery for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and aiding abetting a breach of fiduciary duty. The complaints seek unspecific monetary damages and corporate governance changes. The court entered an order consolidating the Gaft and Kish actions, which was styled as In re Riot Blockchain, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Case No. A-18-774890-B. On January 18, 2023, the court entered an order voluntarily dismissing the consolidated action without prejudice.

On October 22, 2018, another shareholder derivative complaint was filed on behalf of the Company in the United District Court for the Southern District of New York (Finitz v. O’Rourke, et al., Case No. 1:18-cv-09640). The shareholder plaintiffs allege breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment against certain of the Company’s officers, directors, and an investor. The complaint’s allegations are substantially similar to those made in the other securities class action and shareholder derivative complaints filed in 2018. The complaint seeks unspecific monetary damages and corporate governance changes. Upon the parties’ stipulation, the court issued an order temporarily staying this action until the resolution of the motion(s) to dismiss in the securities class action pending in the United District Court for the District of New Jersey.

On December 13, 2018, another shareholder derivative complaint was filed on behalf of the Company in the United District Court for the Northern District of New York (Monts v. O’Rourke, et al., Case No. 1:18-cv-01443). The shareholder plaintiffs allege claims for violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and aiding and abetting against certain of the Company’s officers, directors, and an investor. The complaint’s allegations are substantially similar to those made in the other securities class action and shareholder derivative complaints filed in 2018. The complaint seeks unspecific monetary damages and corporate governance changes. Upon the parties’ stipulation, the court issued an order temporarily staying this action until the resolution of the motion(s) to dismiss in the securities class action pending in the United District Court for the District of New Jersey.

Defendants intend to vigorously contest plaintiffs’ allegations in the shareholder derivative actions and plaintiffs’ right to bring the action in the name of Riot Blockchain. Because this litigation is still at this early stage, we cannot reasonably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the magnitude of such an outcome, if any.

Note 17. Income Taxes

During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company realized deferred income tax benefits of $0.0 million and $6.6 million, respectively, and $5.0 million and $6.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related primarily to the contingent consideration liability and future power credits.

Note 18. Earnings Per Share

The following table presents potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:



	June 30, 2023	June 30, 2022
Warrants to purchase common stock	63,000	63,000
Unvested restricted stock awards ^(a)	5,540,298	—
Unvested restricted stock units	—	4,244,534
Total	5,603,298	4,307,534

(a)

Unvested restricted stock awards are included in total common shares outstanding but are excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per share.

Note 19. Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: Bitcoin Mining, Data Center Hosting, and Engineering. The reportable segments are identified based on the types of service performed. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) analyzes the performance of the

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

segments based on reportable segment revenue and reportable segment cost of revenue. No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments.

The Company does not allocate all assets to the reporting segments as they are managed on an entity-wide basis. Therefore, the Company does not separately disclose the total assets of its reportable operating segments.

The Bitcoin Mining segment generates revenue from the Bitcoin the Company earns through its Bitcoin mining activities. The Data Center Hosting segment generates revenue from long-term customer contracts for the provision of data center hosting/colocation services, including from the consumption of electricity, construction of infrastructure, operation of data centers, and maintenance/management of computing capacity from the Company’s high performance data center facility in Rockdale, Texas. The Engineering segment generates revenue through customer contracts for custom engineered electrical products.

The Data Center Hosting segment purchases custom engineered electrical products from the Engineering segment in the ordinary course of business. All revenue and cost of revenues from intersegment transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated statements of operations. All Other revenue is from external customers.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no single customer or related group of customers contributed 10% or more of the Company’s total consolidated revenue.

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Riot Platforms, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The following table presents revenue and cost of revenues for the Company’s reportable segments, reconciled to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Reportable segment revenue:
Bitcoin Mining	$	49,742	$	46,151	$	97,765	$	104,096
Data Center Hosting		39,387		23,577		76,383		44,616
Engineering		20,183		19,512		41,539		34,750
Other revenue		24		24		48		48
Eliminations		(32,597)		(16,317)		(65,760)		(30,776)
Total segment and consolidated revenue	$	76,739	$	72,947	$	149,975	$	152,734

Reportable segment cost of revenues:
Bitcoin Mining		33,482		20,913		62,173		44,844
Data Center Hosting		44,026		26,012		90,847		47,504
Engineering		18,932		16,983		37,818		30,535
Eliminations		(32,477)		(15,554)		(63,753)		(28,901)
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	$	63,963	$	48,354	$	127,085	$	93,982

Reconciling Items:
Acquisition-related costs		—		—		—		(78)
Selling, general, and administrative		(19,836)		(10,713)		(32,511)		(21,545)
Depreciation and amortization		(66,162)		(20,562)		(125,502)		(34,807)
Change in fair value of derivative asset		13,109		60,931		7,331		104,614
Power curtailment credits		13,470		5,706		16,545		8,258
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—		—		—		(176)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		19,828		15,260		33,603		24,925
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment		(30)		8,614		(30)		8,614
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net		—		—		(1,526)		—
Impairment of Bitcoin		(5,638)		(101,419)		(10,110)		(127,289)
Impairment of goodwill		—		(335,648)		—		(335,648)
Interest income (expense)		4,843		—		1,013		(357)
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		—		(1,624)		—		(1,624)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		—		(4,837)		—		(6,448)
Other income (expense)		65		(59)		65		(59)
Current income tax benefit (expense)		(112)		(427)		(188)		(739)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)		—		6,626		5,045		6,626
Net income (loss)	$	(27,687)	$	(353,559)	$	(83,375)	$	(316,981)

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (this “MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and with our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as included in our 2022 Annual Report. This MD&A contains statements of management’s beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding our future business, and any statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the PSLRA, which are made in reliance of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and the PSLRA. Such statements express management’s beliefs, opinions, projections and expectations regarding future events and circumstances, based on information available to management as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and are subject to risks and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Further, these forward-looking statements should not be construed either as assurances of performance or as promises of a given course of action. You should review the sections of this Quarterly Report entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” for a discussion of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially – and potentially adversely – from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following this MD&A and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Amounts are stated in thousands of U.S. Dollars except for share, per share and miner amounts.

Business Overview:

We are a vertically integrated Bitcoin mining company principally engaged in enhancing our capabilities to mine Bitcoin in support of the Bitcoin blockchain. We also provide comprehensive and critical infrastructure for institutional-scale hosted clients to mine Bitcoin at our Rockdale Facility. Currently, the Rockdale Facility provides 700 MW in total developed capacity for our Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting services for institutional-scale hosted clients. Our Rockdale Facility is believed to be the largest Bitcoin mining facility in North America, as measured by developed capacity, and we are currently evaluating further growing its capacity. Additionally, we are developing the Corsicana Facility, a second large-scale Bitcoin mining data center facility, which, upon completion, is expected to have approximately one gigawatt of capacity available for our own Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting services for institutional-scale hosted clients.

We operate in an environment which is constantly evolving based on the proliferation of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in general. A significant component of our strategy is to effectively and efficiently allocate capital between opportunities that generate the highest return on investment.

Industry Trends

During 2022, we observed several companies in the Bitcoin ecosystem experience significant challenges and initiate bankruptcy proceedings due to the significant decline in the price of Bitcoin and other national and global macroeconomic factors. We anticipate this trend will likely continue as companies attempt to shift their business models to operate on significantly compressed margins. The dramatic increase in the price of Bitcoin observed in the market during prior years caused many companies to over-leverage themselves, thus operating in an unsustainable way given the recent variability in the price of Bitcoin. Riot chose to refrain from engaging in debt-financing activities during this period and, as a result, has not been subject to the significant debt-service shortfalls some of our competitors are experiencing. Despite such challenges in the ecosystem, Riot continues to focus on building long-term stockholder value by taking strategic action to vertically integrate its business, expanding the Rockdale Facility and developing the Corsicana Facility. Management believes this focus will positively affect each of Riot’s three business segments by providing more capacity for its Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting operations, and by capitalizing on supply chain efficiencies garnered through our Engineering segment. As we grow our business, we continue to focus on deploying our efficient Bitcoin mining fleet, at scale, while realizing the benefits of being an owner and operator of our Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting facilities.

We anticipate companies in our industry will continue to experience challenges, and that 2023 will continue to be a period of consolidation in the Bitcoin mining industry, and, given our relative position, liquidity and absence of long-term debt, we believe we are positioned in the competitive landscape to benefit from such consolidation. As a result of any strategic action undertaken by us, our business and financial results may change significantly. We are continuously evaluating strategic opportunities which we may decide to undertake as part of our strategic growth initiatives; however, we can offer no assurances that any strategic opportunities which we decide to undertake will be achieved on the schedule or within the budget we anticipate, if at all, in our competitive and evolving industry.

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The recent shutdowns of certain digital asset exchanges and trading platforms due to fraud or business failure, has negatively impacted confidence in the digital asset industry as a whole and led to increased oversight and scrutiny on the industry. We did not have any exposure to any digital asset lenders or exchanges who have declared bankruptcy or have been suspended. We only hold Bitcoin that we have mined and do not sell or redeem any Bitcoin for any other parties. Our Bitcoin is held in cold storage wallets by a well-known third-party digital asset-focused custodian. We also sell our Bitcoin using our custodian’s services.

In 2023, the banking industry and financial services sector experienced disruptions and instability. In March 2023, Silvergate Capital Corporation, the holding company for Silvergate Bank (“Silvergate Bank”), which was primarily focused on the digital asset industry, announced its intent to wind down operations and voluntarily liquidate its holdings. Also in March, Silicon Valley Bank (“Silicon Valley Bank”) and Signature Bank (“Signature Bank”) both closed and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) was appointed receiver following their closures and transferred substantially all assets of the former banks to newly created, FDIC-operated bridge banks in an action to protect all depositors of the banks. In May 2023, First Republic Bank was closed and the FDIC sold substantially all of First Republic Bank’s assets to JP Morgan Chase & Co.

Although we maintained certain operating accounts with Signature Bank prior to its closure, we have since transferred all of our deposits previously held with the bank to other banking institutions. We did not lose access to our accounts or experience interruptions in banking services, and suffered no losses with respect to its deposits at Signature Bank as a result of the bank’s closure. We did not have any banking relationships with Silicon Valley Bank, Silvergate Bank, or First Republic Bank, and currently hold our cash and cash equivalents at multiple banking institutions. Although we did not suffer any losses, we continue to monitor for updates to mitigate any future impacts we may be subject to as a result of the instability of the banking industry and financial services sector.

Bitcoin Mining

We own and operate one of the largest Bitcoin Mining operations in North America. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we continued to deploy miners at our Rockdale Facility and continued development activities at the Corsicana Facility, with the objective of increasing our operational efficiency and performance in the future.

As of June 30, 2023, our Bitcoin Mining business segment operated 95,904 miners, with a hash rate capacity of 10.7 EH/s, which excludes 17,040 miners currently offline as a result of infrastructure damage experienced during severe winter storms in December 2022 at our Rockdale Facility in central Texas. Repairs to the Rockdale Facility have been ongoing and we plan to bring our hash rate capacity back online in the second half of 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we mined 3,890 Bitcoin, which represented an increase of 38.9% over the 2,800 Bitcoin we mined in the six months ended June 30, 2022. We anticipate achieving a total self-mining hash rate capacity of 12.5 EH/s in the second half of 2023.

In June 2023, we entered into a purchase agreement with MicroBT to acquire 8,320 M56S+ model miners and 24,960 M56S++ model miners for a total purchase price of approximately $162.9 million, as well as option to purchase up to an additional 66,560 additional M56S++ miners, on the same terms as the initial purchase order, through December 31, 2024. Delivery of the miners is expected to begin in December 2023, with all miners expected to be received and deployed by mid-2024. Upon full deployment of the 33,280 miners, we anticipate achieving a total self-mining hash rate capacity of 20.1 EH/s.

The purchase agreement also provides us the option to purchase up to an additional 66,560 additional M56S++ miners on the same terms as the initial purchase order through December 31, 2024.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Bitcoin Mining revenue was approximately $97.8 million.

Data Center Hosting

Following our acquisition of Whinstone, we commenced an expansion of our Rockdale Facility to 700 MW, from its initial 300 MW of developed capacity at the time of acquisition and, as of June 30, 2023, the 400 MW expansion was completed.

The expansion of our Rockdale Facility has provided capacity to enable us to deploy our current fleet of miners in a self-hosted facility, while allowing us to continue to operate and grow our Data Center Hosting business segment. We believe deploying our miners at the expanded Rockdale Facility offers many advantages for our Bitcoin mining operations, including allowing us to operate our miners without incurring third-party colocation services fees and to do so at the low fixed energy costs available to the Rockdale Facility under its long-term power supply agreement.

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Data Center Hosting revenue includes upfront payments, which we record as deferred revenue and generally recognize as services are provided. We provide energized space and operating and maintenance services to third-party mining companies who locate their mining hardware at our Rockdale Facility under long-term contracts. We account for these agreements as a single performance obligation for services being delivered in a series with delivery being measured by daily successful operation of the mining hardware. As such, we recognize revenue over the life of the contract as its series of performance obligations are met. The contracts are recognized in the amount for which we have the right to invoice because we elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Data Center Hosting revenue was approximately $16.7 million.

Engineering

Our Engineering business segment designs and manufacturers power distribution equipment and custom engineered electrical products that provide us with the ability to vertically integrate many of the critical electrical components and engineering services necessary for our Rockdale Facility expansion and to reduce our execution and counter-party risk in ongoing and future expansion projects. Engineering and other specialized talent employed in our Engineering business segment also allows us to continue to explore new methods to optimize and develop a best-in-class Bitcoin mining operation and has been instrumental in the development of our industrial-scale immersion-cooled Bitcoin mining hardware.

Our Engineering business segment also provides electricity distribution product design, manufacture, and installation services primarily focused on large-scale commercial and governmental customers and serves a broad scope of clients across a wide range of markets including data center, power generation, utility, water, industrial, and alternative energy. Products are custom built to client and industry specifications. Additionally, we utilize an in-house field service and repair department.

Engineering revenue is derived from the sale of custom products built to customers’ specifications under fixed-price contracts with one identified performance obligation. Engineering revenues are recognized over time as performance creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, and for which the Company has an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Engineering revenue was approximately $35.5 million.

Global Logistics

Global supply logistics have caused delays across all channels of distribution. Similarly, we have also experienced delays in certain of our miner delivery schedules and in our infrastructure development schedules due to constraints on the globalized supply chains for miners, electricity distribution equipment and construction materials. Through the date of this Quarterly Report, we have been able to effectively mitigate any delivery delays to avoid materially impacting our miner deployment schedule, however, there are no assurances we will be able to continue to mitigate any such delivery delays in the future. Additionally, the development of our new Corsicana Facility requires large quantities of construction materials, specialized electricity distribution equipment and other component parts that can be difficult to source. We have procured and hold many of the required materials to help mitigate global supply logistic and pricing concerns. We continue to monitor developments in the global supply chain and assess their potential impact on our expansion plans.

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Summary of Bitcoin Mining Results

The following tables presents additional information about our Bitcoin Mining activities, including Bitcoin production and sales of the Bitcoin mined:


	Quantity	Amounts
Balance as of January 1, 2023	6,974	$	109,420
Revenue recognized from Bitcoin mined	3,890		97,765
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin	(3,575)		(89,162)
Exchange of Bitcoin for employee compensation	(24)		(585)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin	—		33,603
Impairment of Bitcoin	—		(10,110)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	7,265	$	140,931


	Quantity	Amounts
Balance as of January 1, 2022	4,884	$	150,593
Revenue recognized from Bitcoin mined	2,800		104,096
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin	(1,000)		(33,116)
Exchange of Bitcoin for employee compensation	(31)		(1,362)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin	—		24,925
Impairment of Bitcoin	—		(127,289)
Balance as of June 30, 2022	6,653	$	117,847

Results of Operations Comparative Results for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

Revenues

Total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $76.7 million and $72.9 million, respectively, and consisted of our Bitcoin Mining revenue, Data Center Hosting revenue, Engineering revenue, and other revenue.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Bitcoin Mining revenue was $49.7 million, and $46.2 million, respectively. The increase of $3.6 million was primarily due to an increase of 380 Bitcoin mined in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period, partially offset by lower Bitcoin values in the 2023 period, averaging $28,024 per coin, as compared to $33,083 per for the 2022 period. Additionally, the Company continued its effective employment of its proprietary power strategy to significantly reduce overall power costs. As noted below, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company earned $13.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, in power credits, which were received in cash or credited against its power invoices, as a result of temporarily pausing its operations. The power credits equate to approximately 481 Bitcoin and 138 Bitcoin, respectively, as computed using the average daily Bitcoin prices for the applicable period.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Data Center Hosting revenue was $7.7 million, and $9.8 million, respectively. The decrease of $2.2 million was primarily due to fewer hosting customers and lower Bitcoin values during the 2023 period, partially offset by increased revenue share from hosting customers due to the increased Bitcoin production in the 2023 period, as noted above.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Engineering revenue was $19.3 million and $16.9 million, respectively. The increase of $2.4 million was primarily attributable to an increase in data center development across the country. Our custom electrical products such as switchgear and power distribution centers are used as important components in data center development and there has been increased demand for these products due to the continued increase in data center construction by developers.

Costs and expenses

Cost of revenues for Bitcoin Mining for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $23.6 million and $18.0 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $5.7 million. As a percentage of Bitcoin Mining revenue, cost of revenues totaled 47.5% and 39.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cost of revenues consists primarily of direct production costs of Bitcoin mining operations, including electricity, labor, and insurance, but excluding depreciation and amortization, which are separately stated. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Bitcoin mining capacity at the Rockdale Facility, which requires more headcount and direct costs necessary to maintain and support the Bitcoin mining operations. As noted below, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company earned $13.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, in power credits

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to be credited against its power invoices, as a result of temporarily pausing its operations. These credits are recognized in power curtailment credits in the statements of operations, outside of cost of revenues, but significantly reduce the Company’s overall cost to mine Bitcoin. When netting the power curtailment credits with the costs of revenues, the net costs as a percentage of Bitcoin Mining revenue were 29.9% and 34.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cost of revenues for Data Center Hosting for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $22.1 million and $15.2 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $7.0 million. The costs consisted primarily of direct power costs, with the balance primarily incurred for rent and compensation costs. The increase was primarily attributable to the significant increase in size of our Rockdale Facility over the period, which has more than doubled since 2021.

Cost of revenues for Engineering for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $18.2 million and $15.2 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $3.0 million. The costs consisted primarily of direct materials and labor, as well as indirect manufacturing costs. The increase was primarily due to an increase in materials purchased, as well as additional labor required to support increased demand for our custom electric products from data center developers. Increased competition for direct materials due to supply chain constraints contributed to additional costs, as well as inflationary pressure for labor in manufacturing.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were $19.8 million and $10.7 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $9.1 million. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of stock-based compensation, legal and professional fees and other personnel and related costs. The increase was primarily due to increases in stock compensation expenses of $2.7 million and compensation expenses of $3.0 million as a result of hiring additional employees to support the Company’s ongoing growth, increased professional fees of $1.9 million primarily related to public company compliance and information technology projects, and increases of $1.5 million in other general operating costs to support the Company’s growth.

Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $66.2 million and $20.6 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $45.6 million. The increase was primarily due to higher depreciation expense recognized for the Rockdale Facility and significant increase in number of recently acquired miners.

The increase in fair value of our derivative asset for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $13.1 million and $60.9 million, respectively, and was recorded to adjust the fair value of our Power Supply Agreement, which was classified as a derivative asset and measured at fair value. The increases in fair value were due to increases over the applicable period in future power prices.

Power curtailment credits for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were $13.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, of power sales into the ERCOT marketplace through the Company’s participation in ERCOT’s energy demand response programs. The amount of these credits varies from period to period depending on various factors impacting the supply of power to and the demand on the power grid, including weather.

Realized gains on the sale of Bitcoin for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were $19.8 million and $15.3 million, respectively. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of 800 Bitcoin sold in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period, partially offset by decreased Bitcoin values in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period.

Impairment of Bitcoin for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $5.6 million and $101.4 million, respectively, arising from declines in Bitcoin prices during the periods.

Other income (expense)

Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2023, was $4.9 million, which primarily consisted of interest income, net of interest expense. The increase in interest income was primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates combined with an increase in our average cash balance. Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was $6.5 million, which was primarily related to realized and unrealized losses on marketable equity securities.

Results of Operations Comparative Results for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

Revenues

Total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $150.0 million and $152.7 million, respectively, and consisted of our Bitcoin Mining revenue, Data Center Hosting revenue, Engineering revenue, and other revenue.

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For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Bitcoin Mining revenue was $97.8 million, and $104.1 million, respectively. The decrease of $6.3 million was primarily due to lower Bitcoin values in the 2023 period, averaging $25,132 per coin, as compared to $37,177 for the 2022 period. This was partially offset by an increase of 1,090 Bitcoin mined in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period. Additionally, the Company continued its effective employment of its proprietary power strategy to significantly reduce overall power costs. As noted below, during the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company earned $16.5 million in power credits, which were received in cash or credited against its power invoices, as a result of temporarily pausing its operations. The power credits equate to approximately 658 Bitcoin, as computed using the average daily Bitcoin prices for the 2023 period. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company earned $8.3 million in power credits, or the equivalent of approximately 222 Bitcoin.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Data Center Hosting revenue was $16.7 million, and $19.5 million, respectively. The decrease of $2.8 million was primarily due to lower revenue share from customers due to the lower Bitcoin values in the 2023 period, as noted above, combined with hosting fewer customers during 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Engineering revenue was $35.5 million and $29.1 million, respectively. The increase of $6.4 million was primarily attributable to an increase in data center development across the country. Our custom electrical products such as switchgear and power distribution centers are used as important components in data center development and there has been increased demand for these products due to the continued increase in data center construction by developers.

Costs and expenses

Cost of revenues for Bitcoin Mining for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $45.5 million and $37.1 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $8.5 million. As a percentage of Bitcoin Mining revenue, cost of revenues totaled 46.6% and 35.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cost of revenues consists primarily of direct production costs of Bitcoin mining operations, including electricity, labor, and insurance, but excluding depreciation and amortization, which are separately stated. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Bitcoin mining capacity at the Rockdale Facility, which requires more headcount and direct costs necessary to maintain and support the Bitcoin mining operations. As noted below, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company earned $16.5 million and $8.3 million, respectively, in power credits to be credited against its power invoices, as a result of temporarily pausing its operations. These credits are recognized in power curtailment credits in the statements of operations, outside of cost of revenues, but significantly reduce the Company’s overall cost to mine Bitcoin. When netting the power curtailment credits with the costs of revenues, the net costs as a percentage of Bitcoin Mining revenue were 35.8% and 32.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cost of revenues for Data Center Hosting for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $47.8 million and $30.2 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $17.6 million. The costs consisted primarily of direct power costs, with the balance primarily incurred for rent and compensation costs. The increase was primarily attributable to the significant increase in size of our Rockdale Facility over the period, which has more than doubled since 2021.

Cost of revenues for Engineering for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $33.7 million and $26.7 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $7.0 million. The costs consisted primarily of direct materials and labor, as well as indirect manufacturing costs. The increase was primarily due to an increase in materials purchased, as well as additional labor required to support increased demand for our custom electric products from data center developers. Increased competition for direct materials due to supply chain constraints contributed to additional costs, as well as inflationary pressure for labor in manufacturing.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, were $32.5 million and $21.5 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $11.0 million. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of stock-based compensation, legal and professional fees and other personnel and related costs. The increase was primarily due to increases in compensation expenses of $5.7 million as a result of hiring additional employees to support the Company’s ongoing growth, increased professional fees of $3.9 million primarily related to public company compliance and information technology projects, and increases of $4.0 million in other general operating costs to support the Company’s growth, partially offset by decreased stock compensation expenses of $2.6 million, primarily attributable to increased forfeitures of awards in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period.

Depreciation and amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $125.5 million and $34.8 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $90.7 million. The increase was primarily due to higher depreciation expense recognized for the Rockdale Facility and significant increase in number of recently acquired miners.

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The increase in fair value of our derivative asset for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $7.3 million and $104.6 million, respectively, and was recorded to adjust the fair value of our Power Supply Agreement, which was classified as a derivative asset and measured at fair value. The increases in fair value were due to increases over the applicable period in future power prices.

Power curtailment credits for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $16.5 million and $8.3 million, respectively, and represent power sales into the ERCOT marketplace through the Company’s participation in ERCOT’s energy demand response programs. The amount of these credits varies from period to period depending on various factors impacting the supply of power to and the demand on the power grid, including weather.

The realized gain on sale of Bitcoin for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $33.6 million and $24.9 million, respectively. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of 2,575 more Bitcoin sold in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period, partially offset by decreased Bitcoin values in the 2023 period as compared to the 2022 period.

Casualty-related losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, was $1.5 million and was attributable to the damage incurred at the Rockdale Facility as a result of severe winter storms in Texas. There were no casualty-related losses incurred for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Impairment of Bitcoin for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $10.1 million and $127.3 million, respectively, arising from declines in Bitcoin prices during the periods.

Other income (expense)

Other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was $1.1 million, which primarily consisted of interest income, net of interest expense. Other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $8.5 million, which was primarily related to realized and unrealized losses on marketable equity securities.

Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to financial measures presented under GAAP, we consistently evaluate our use of and calculation of non-GAAP financial measures such as “Adjusted EBITDA.” EBITDA is computed as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure defined as EBITDA further adjusted to eliminate the effects of certain non-cash and/or non-recurring items that do not reflect our ongoing strategic business operations, which management believes results in a performance measurement that represents a key indicator of the Company’s core business operations of Bitcoin mining. The adjustments include fair value adjustments such as derivative power contract adjustments, equity securities value changes, and non-cash stock-based compensation expense, in addition to financing and legacy business income and expense items.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA can be an important financial measure because it allows management, investors, and our board of directors to evaluate and compare our operating results, including our return on capital and operating efficiencies, from period-to-period by making such adjustments. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is used as a performance metric for share-based compensation.

Adjusted EBITDA is provided in addition to, and should not be considered to be a substitute for, or superior to, net income, the most comparable measure under GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA. Further, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to revenue growth, net income, diluted earnings per share or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider this measure either in isolation or as a substitute for analyzing our results as reported under GAAP.

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The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to Net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP financial measure:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	(27,687)	$	(353,559)	$	(83,375)	$	(316,981)
Interest (income) expense		(4,843)		—		(1,013)		357
Income tax expense (benefit)		112		(6,199)		(4,857)		(5,887)
Depreciation and amortization		66,162		20,562		125,502		34,807
EBITDA		33,744		(339,196)		36,257		(287,704)

Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation expense		3,429		701		1,133		3,743
Acquisition-related costs		—		—		—		78
Change in fair value of derivative asset		(13,109)		(60,931)		(7,331)		(104,614)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—		—		—		176
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		—		1,624		—		1,624
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities		—		4,837		—		6,448
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment		30		(8,614)		30		(8,614)
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net		—		—		1,526		—
Impairment of goodwill		—		335,648		—		335,648
Other (income) expense		(65)		59		(65)		59
License fees		(24)		(24)		(48)		(48)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	24,005	$	(65,896)	$	31,502	$	(53,204)

In addition to Adjusted EBITDA, we believe “Bitcoin Mining revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits”, “Data Center Hosting revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits”, “Cost of revenues – Bitcoin Mining, net of power curtailment credits” and “Cost of revenues – Data Center Hosting, net of power curtailment credits” are additional non-GAAP performance measurements that represent a key indicator of the Company’s core business operations of both Bitcoin mining and Data Center Hosting.

We believe our ability to offer power back to the grid at market-driven spot prices, thereby reducing our operating costs, is integral to our overall strategy, specifically our power management strategy and our commitment to supporting the ERCOT grid. While participation in various grid demand response programs may impact our Bitcoin production, we view this as an important part of our partnership-driven approach with ERCOT and our commitment to being a good corporate citizen in our communities.

We also believe netting the power sales against our costs can be an important financial measure because it allows management, investors, and our board of directors to evaluate and compare our operating results, including our operating efficiencies, from period-to-period by making such adjustments. We have allocated the benefit of the power sales to our Data Center Hosting and Bitcoin Mining segments based on their proportional power consumption during the periods presented.

Bitcoin Mining revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits, Data Center Hosting revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits, Cost of revenues – Bitcoin Mining, net of power curtailment credits and Cost of revenues – Data Center Hosting, net of power curtailment credits are provided in addition to and should not be considered to be a substitute for, or superior to Revenue – Bitcoin Mining, Revenue – Data Center Hosting, Cost of revenues – Bitcoin Mining or Cost of revenues – Data Center Hosting as presented in our consolidated statements of operations.

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The following table presents reconciliations of these measurements to the most comparable GAAP financial measures:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Bitcoin Mining
Revenue	$	49,742	$	46,151	$	97,765	$	104,096

Cost of revenues		23,647		17,995		45,546		37,089
Power curtailment credits		(8,755)		(2,209)		(10,589)		(2,820)
Cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits		14,892		15,786		34,957		34,269
Bitcoin mining revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits	$	34,850	$	30,365	$	62,808	$	69,827
Bitcoin mining revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits as a percentage of revenue		70.1%		65.8%		64.2%		67.1%

Data Center Hosting
Revenue	$	7,661	$	9,834	$	16,703	$	19,528

Cost of revenues		22,134	$	15,184	$	47,794	$	30,169
Power curtailment credits		(4,715)		(3,497)		(5,956)		(5,438)
Cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits		17,419		11,687		41,838		24,731
Data Center Hosting revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits	$	(9,758)	$	(1,853)	$	(25,135)	$	(5,203)
Data Center Hosting revenue in excess of cost of revenues, net of power curtailment credits as a percentage of revenue		(127.4)%		(18.8)%		(150.5)%		(26.6)%

Total power curtailment credits	$	(13,470)	$	(5,706)	$	(16,545)	$	(8,258)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of June 30, 2023, we had working capital of approximately $408.4 million, which included cash and cash equivalents of $289.2 million. We reported a net loss of $83.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, which included $4.4 million in non-cash expenses, primarily consisting of depreciation and amortization of $125.5 million and impairments of Bitcoin of $10.1 million, partially offset by Bitcoin Mining revenue of $97.8 million, gains on the sale of Bitcoin of $33.6 million, and an increase in the fair value of our derivative asset of $7.3 million, and an income tax benefit of $4.9 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company sold 3,575 Bitcoin for proceeds of approximately $89.2 million. The Company monitors its balance sheet on an ongoing basis and evaluates the level of Bitcoin retained from monthly production in consideration of the cash requirements and its ongoing operations and expansion.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we issued 15,877,000 shares of common stock, at a weighted average price of $11.87 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $184.7 million and during July 2023, issued 570,645 shares of common stock, at a weighted average price of $11.78 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $6.6 million.

We believe our current financial position and operations give us the ability to meet cash requirements and plans in the short-term and long-term.

Miners

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding executed purchase agreements for the purchase of miners from Bitmain for a total of 5,130 S19 series miners, which were received in January 2023.

In June 2023, we entered into a purchase agreement with MicroBT to acquire 8,320 M56S+ model miners and 24,960 M56S++ model miners for a total purchase price of approximately $162.9 million. Delivery of the miners is expected to begin in December 2023, with all miners expected to be received and deployed by mid-2024. Upon full deployment of the 33,280 miners, we anticipate

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achieving a total self-mining hash rate capacity of 20.1 EH/s. The purchase agreement also provides us the option to purchase up to an additional 66,560 additional M56S++ miners on the same terms as the original purchase through December 31, 2024.

Development of the Corsicana Facility Data Center

In 2022, we announced our planned development of the Corsicana Facility, our second large-scale Bitcoin mining and data center hosting facility located on a 265-acre site in Navarro County, Texas. The Corsicana Facility is expected, upon completion, to have one-gigawatt of developed capacity for Bitcoin mining and data center hosting, securely supplied with power by a substation being developed for the Company on the premises that will be interconnected with the nearby Navarro Switch. The strategic decision to locate the Corsicana Facility next to the Navarro Switch was made to limit electricity lost in transmission and maximize the efficiency of our substation’s power distribution facilities. The initial phase of the development of the Corsicana Facility involves the construction of 400 MW of immersion-cooled Bitcoin mining and data center hosting infrastructure spread across multiple buildings, as well as construction of various utilities, offices, warehouses, and infrastructure to support the facility’s operations. Construction of the substation and the data centers is expected to be carried out through 2023, with Bitcoin Mining and Data Center Hosting operations expected to commence following the commissioning of the substation.

This first phase of the development of the Corsicana Facility includes land acquisition, site preparation, substation development, and transmission construction, along with construction of ancillary buildings and four buildings utilizing the Company’s immersion-cooling infrastructure and technology. The Company estimates that the total cost of the first phase of the development will be approximately $333 million, which is scheduled to be invested through the first quarter of 2024. Through June 30, 2023, we had incurred costs of approximately $102.0 million related to the development of the Corsicana Facility, which consisted of $10.1 million for land, $87.2 million of initial developments costs and equipment and a $4.7 million deposit for future power usage. We expect to incur costs of approximately $150 million during the remainder of 2023 and approximately $81 million during the first quarter of 2024.

Revenue from Operations

Bitcoin Mining

We expect to generate ongoing revenues from Bitcoin rewards from our Bitcoin Mining operations and our ability to liquidate Bitcoin rewards at future values will be regularly evaluated to generate cash for operations.

Generating Bitcoin rewards which exceed our production and overhead costs will determine our ability to report profit margins related to such Bitcoin mining operations, although accounting for our reported profitability is significantly complex. Furthermore, regardless of our ability to generate proceeds from the sale of our Bitcoin produced from our Bitcoin Mining business, we may need to raise additional capital in the form of equity or debt to fund our operations and pursue our business strategy.

The ability to raise funds through the sale of equity, debt financings, or the sale of Bitcoin to maintain our operations is subject to many risks and uncertainties and, even if we were successful, future equity issuances or convertible debt offerings could result in dilution to our existing stockholders, and any future debt or debt securities may contain covenants that limit our operations or ability to enter into certain transactions. Our ability to realize revenue through Bitcoin production and successfully convert Bitcoin into cash or fund overhead with Bitcoin is subject to a number of risks, including regulatory, financial and business risks, many of which are beyond our control. Additionally, we have observed significant historical volatility in the market price of Bitcoin and, as such, future prices cannot be predicted.

Data Center Hosting

Generally, we provide power for our hosted/co-located Bitcoin mining data center clients on a variable (sub-metered) basis. Each client pays us variable monthly fees based on the amount of power, networking costs, and other basic hosting services utilized by such client’s hosted operations, at rates specified in such client’s hosting agreement. In addition to power charges and basic hosting charges, our hosting agreements with certain clients provide for revenue sharing, based on the clients’ operating revenue, net of direct hosting costs paid to us. We recognize variable hosting revenue each month, as the hosting fees and revenue sharing payments due to us from our hosting clients are subject to various uncertainties largely outside of our control, including the amount of power used by the hosted client, the market price for Bitcoin, the Bitcoin network difficulty and global hash rate, as well as other factors.

We generate engineering and construction services revenue from the fabrication and deployment of immersion cooling technology for Bitcoin mining clients, for which we bill the client at a fixed monthly fee or at an hourly rate. For the installation and maintenance

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of client-owned equipment, revenue is recognized upon completion of each phase of the installation project, as defined in each client’s hosting agreement. For the construction of assets owned by us but paid for and used by the client during the term of their data center hosting contract, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the contract.

Maintenance services include cleaning, cabling, and other services to maintain the clients’ equipment. We bill the client at a fixed monthly fee or at an hourly rate. Revenue is recognized as these services are provided.

For a number of clients inherited as a result of the Whinstone acquisition, we provide data center hosting services pursuant to hosting agreements containing below-market terms, including as to power costs (“Legacy Contracts”). Accordingly, our hosting revenue from such Legacy Contracts has, historically, been less than our cost to provide such clients with hosting services. We are presently engaged in litigation relating to such Legacy Contracts, further increasing our costs associated with these Legacy Contracts. Our goal, moving forward, is to protect and advance the value of our Data Center Hosting business. In advancement of this goal, we are actively monitoring the performance of such remaining Legacy Contract clients, with a focus on maximizing revenues and enhancing efficiencies both within the segment and through vertical integration across the Company’s business segments.

Legacy Hosting Agreements

Management continually assesses the performance of the Company’s business segments, to maximize revenues, minimize costs, and enhance efficiencies. As part of their examination of the Company’s Data Center Hosting business segment, management identified several Legacy Contracts inherited through the Whinstone acquisition containing below-market terms. Approximately 200 MW of the total capacity of the Rockdale Facility is occupied by Legacy Contract customers GMO and Rhodium. Management identified, through its assessment of the Company’s business segments, that these Legacy Contract customers have sought to take advantage of the legacy hosting arrangements to the detriment of our Data Center Hosting business. As such, Whinstone believes both GMO and Rhodium are in material breach of their obligations under their respective Legacy Contracts. Whinstone has made reasonable efforts to resolve these Legacy Contract disputes and enter into revised hosting agreements on market terms and is presently engaged in litigation with both GMO and Rhodium.

Termination of GMO Legacy Hosting Agreement

Following repeated attempts to reach a negotiated resolution of the matter before and after the GMO lawsuit was initiated, Whinstone terminated its Legacy Contract with GMO, effective as of June 29, 2023. Whinstone’s removal of GMO’s legacy miners from the Rockdale Facility, as a result of this termination, will free up approximately 75 MW of mining capacity. In support of the Company’s growth and efficiencies, Whinstone intends to use the 75 MW area formerly occupied by GMO within the Rockdale Facility to host more powerful and efficient miners, either for its Data Center Hosting operations, on terms more accretive to the Company than the terminated legacy agreement, or as part of its Bitcoin Mining operations.

Engineering

Substantially all engineering revenue is derived from the sale of custom products built to customers’ specifications under fixed-price contracts. Revenues are recognized over time as performance creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, and for which we have an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract. The length of time required to complete a custom product varies but is typically between four and 12 weeks.

Customers are typically required to make periodic progress payments based on contractually agreed-upon milestones.

If we are unable to generate sufficient revenue from our Bitcoin Mining, Data Center Hosting, or Engineering operations when needed or secure additional sources of funding, it may be necessary to significantly reduce our current rate of spending or explore other strategic alternatives.

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Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Net cash used in operating activities was $5.8 million, which primarily consisted of the net loss of $83.4 million and net gain on non-cash reconciling items of $4.4 million, partially offset by cash inflows attributable to a net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $82.0 million. The non-cash net gain primarily consisted of revenue of $97.8 million from our Bitcoin Mining operations and $33.6 million of gains on the sale of Bitcoin, partially offset by depreciation and amortization of $125.5 million, primarily attributable to depreciation of our miners. The net decrease on operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of proceeds from the sale of Bitcoin of $89.2 million. The proceeds from the sale of Bitcoin and resulting gain on sale of Bitcoin are attributable to our management and consideration of cash requirements for our ongoing operations and expansion.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Net cash used in operating activities was $14.4 million, which primarily consisted of the net loss of $317.0 million, partially offset by a net loss from non-cash reconciling items of $261.6 million and net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $41.0 million. The non-cash net loss primarily consisted of goodwill impairment of $335.7 million and impairment of Bitcoin $127.3 million, primarily attributable to decreases prices of Bitcoin throughout the period, partially offset by an increase in the fair value of the derivative asset of $104.6 million, attributable to increased value of our fixed price power agreement as compared to the forward power curve, and Bitcoin Mining revenue of $104.1 million. The net decrease of operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of proceeds from the sale of Bitcoin of $33.1 million. The proceeds from the sale of Bitcoin and resulting gain on sale of Bitcoin are attributable to our management and consideration of cash requirements for our ongoing operations and expansion.

Investing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Net cash used in investing activities was $107.5 million, which primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $107.4 million, primarily attributable to now complete expansion of the Rockdale Facility, ongoing development of the Corsicana Facility, and continued deployment of miners.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Net cash used in investing activities was $269.9 million, which primarily consisted of deposits paid on future shipments of miners of $192.5 million and purchases of property and equipment of $77.4 million, primarily attributable to the expansion of the Rockdale Facility and continued deployment of miners.

Financing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, Net cash provided by financing activities was $172.1 million, which consisted of net proceeds from the issuance of shares under the ATM program of $184.7 million to be used to fund ongoing growth, partially offset by the repurchase of shares of common stock withheld to satisfy employee withholding taxes of $13.0 million in connection with the settlement of vested equity awards granted under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Net cash provided by financing activities was $242.5 million, which consisted of net proceeds from the issuance of shares under the ATM program of $267.0 million used to fund ongoing growth, partially offset by payments on our contingent consideration liability of $15.7 million related to our acquisition of Whinstone and the repurchase of shares of common stock withheld to satisfy employee withholding taxes of $8.8 million in connection with the settlement of vested equity awards granted under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our critical accounting policies and significant estimates have not changed from those detailed in our 2022 Annual Report, except for those accounting subjects described under the heading “Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 3, Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the unaudited Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

We have evaluated all recently issued accounting pronouncements and believe such pronouncements do not have a material effect on our financial statements.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk to earnings or asset and liability values resulting from movements in market prices. The following discussion about our market risk exposures involves forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in our forward-looking statements. For more information regarding the forward-looking statements used in this section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, see the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements at the forepart of this Quarterly Report.

Risk Regarding the Price of Bitcoin

Our business and development strategy is focused on maintaining and expanding our Bitcoin Mining operations to maximize the amount of new Bitcoin rewards we earn. As of June 30, 2023, we held 7,265 Bitcoin with a carrying value of $140.9 million, all of which were produced from our Bitcoin mining operations. The carrying value of our Bitcoin assets reflects the $10.1 million of impairment charges we recorded against the value of our Bitcoin assets during the six months ended June 30, 2023, due to decreases in the fair value of our Bitcoin after receipt.

Bitcoin held are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets. Bitcoin are measured on a first-in-first-out (“FIFO”) basis and measured for impairment daily based on the intraday low quoted price of Bitcoin. To the extent an impairment loss is recognized, the loss establishes the new cost basis of the Bitcoin. Subsequent reversal of impairment losses is not permitted.

We cannot accurately predict the future market price of Bitcoin and, as such, we cannot accurately predict whether we will record impairment of the value of our Bitcoin assets. The future value of Bitcoin will affect revenue from our operations, and any future impairment of the value of the Bitcoin we mine and hold for our account will be reported in our financial statements and results of operations as charges against net income, which could have a material adverse effect on the market price for our securities.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2023 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.

Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:

Except with respect to the remediation of the material weakness described above, there have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Disclosure under this Item is incorporated by reference to the disclosure provided in Note 16. Commitments and contingencies in the unaudited Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investors should carefully review and consider the information regarding certain factors that could materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and equity as set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2022 Annual Report. We may disclose changes to our risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe not to be material also may adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and equity.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, certain of our employees surrendered shares of common stock awarded to them to satisfy statutory minimum federal and state tax obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock awards issued under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The following table summarizes of these repurchases:


				Total Number	Maximum
				of Shares	Number of
				Purchased as	Shares that
	Total			Part of	May Yet Be
	Number of	Average		Publicly	Purchased
	Shares	Price Paid		Announced Plans	Under the Plans
Period	Purchased	per Share (a)		or Programs	or Programs
April 1, 2023 through April 30, 2023	38,312	$	10.49	N/A	N/A
May 1, 2023 through May 31, 2023	8,676		11.15	N/A	N/A
June 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023	885,694		12.40	N/A	N/A
Total	932,682	$	12.31

(a)

The price paid per share is based on the closing price of our common stock as of the date of the determination of the statutory minimum for federal and state tax obligations.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified, or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 arrangement” as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.

As previously disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2023, on June 27, 2023, our board of directors amended and restated our bylaws (as so amended and restated, the “Bylaws”). Among other changes, the Bylaws included certain changes to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to our board of directors, including to:

●

clarify and outline the timing and procedure requirements for the nominations of person for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholder meetings;

●

update and identify the eligibility and notice requirements regarding director nominees; and

●

address the requirement for stockholders to comply with Rule 14a-19 (the Universal Proxy Rule) under the Exchange Act in connection with a nominating person soliciting proxies in support of director nominees.

Under the Bylaws, for business to be included in the proxy materials to be properly brought before a stockholder meeting, notice of stockholder proposals must be delivered to, or mailed to and received by, us between 75 and 45 days before the first anniversary of the mailing date for the proxy materials for the previous year’s annual stockholder meeting, provided the date for the current annual stockholders’ meeting is no more than 30 days before, or 60 days after, the first anniversary of the previous year’s annual stockholders’ meeting. If the date for the current year’s annual stockholders’ meeting falls outside of this window, or if a stockholder wishes to submit a written nomination of a person to stand for election as director, then such stockholder must give notice to the Company of such proposal between the 90th day before the current year’s annual stockholders’ meeting, and the earlier of (i) the 60th day prior to the current year’s annual stockholders’ meeting and (ii) 10 days after public announcement of such meeting is made by the Company.

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Also under the Bylaws, to be eligible to be a candidate for election as a director, a candidate for nomination must have delivered to us a completed written questionnaire (in the form provided by us upon written request therefor) with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such candidate, a written representation and agreement that such candidate (1) consents to and will cooperate with any background checks, requests for information, and regulatory filings and disclosures reasonably requested by our board of directors in connection with any regulations applicable to, or licenses held by, us, (2) is not and, if elected as a director, during his or her term of office will not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such candidate for nomination, if elected as a director of the Company, will act or vote on any issue or question or any other agreement, arrangement, understanding or commitment that could limit or interfere with such candidate’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Company, with such candidate’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (3) is not, and will not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than us with respect to any direct or indirect compensation or reimbursement for service as a director that has not been disclosed in such written representation and agreement, (4) if elected as a director of the Company, will comply with all of our applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading and other policies, procedures and guidelines applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director, and (5) if elected as director of the Company, intends to serve the entire term until the next meeting at which such candidate would face re-election. Our board of directors may also require any proposed candidate to furnish such other information as may reasonably be requested by our board of directors in writing prior to the meeting of stockholders at which such candidate’s nomination is to be acted upon in order for our board of directors to determine the eligibility of such candidate for nomination to be an independent director of the Company and to comply with the director qualification standards and additional selection criteria.

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Item 6. Index of Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference to exhibits previously filed with the SEC at the

location indicated below:


Exhibit	Description	Location
2.1	Plan of Merger, dated effective as of December 30, 2022, by and between Riot Blockchain, Inc. and Riot Platforms, Inc.	Exhibit 2.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 3, 2023.

3.1	Articles of Incorporation filed September 20, 2017.	Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 25, 2017.

3.2	Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Riot Blockchain, Inc. dated November 21, 2022.	Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 23, 2022.

3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws effective June 27, 2023.	Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 30, 2023.

3.4	Articles of Merger between Bioptix, Inc. and Riot Blockchain, Inc.	Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 4, 2017.

3.5	Articles of Merger between Riot Blockchain, Inc. and Riot Platforms, Inc.	Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 3, 2023.

4.1+	Fourth Amendment to the Riot Blockchain, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.	Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 30, 2023.

10.1*†	Master Purchase and Sale Agreement between Riot Platforms, inc. and MicroBT.	Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 30, 2023.

31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) - Certification of Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer).	Filed herewith.

31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) - Certification of Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer).	Filed herewith.

32.1	Section 1350 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Principal Executive Officer).	Filed herewith.

32.2	Section 1350 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Principal Financial Officer).	Filed herewith.

101	The following unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements from this Quarterly Report, formatted in iXBRL (inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited); (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited); (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months	Filed herewith.

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	Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited); (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited); and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).	Filed herewith.

* Portions of this Exhibit have been omitted as confidential and/or private information pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. The Company undertakes to furnish supplementally an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the SEC upon its request.
† Certain schedules and appendices have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Subject to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K, the Company undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules to the SEC, upon its request.

+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Riot Platforms, Inc. (Registrant)

Date: August 9, 2023	/s/ Jason Les
	Jason Les
	Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer and duly authorized officer)

	/s/ Colin Yee
	Colin Yee
	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and duly authorized officer)

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Jason Les, certify that:

1)	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Riot Platforms, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2023;

2)	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3)	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5)	The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



August 9, 2023	/s/ Jason Les
	Jason Les
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Colin Yee, certify that:

1)	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Riot Platforms, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2023;

2)	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3)	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

5)	The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


August 9, 2023	/s/ Colin Yee
	Colin Yee
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Riot Platforms, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of the Company, Jason Les, hereby certifies, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


August 9, 2023	/s/ Jason Les
	Jason Les
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Riot Platforms, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of the Company, Colin Yee, hereby certifies, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)

the Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


August 9, 2023	/s/ Colin Yee
	Colin Yee
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 07, 2023
Document And Entity Information Abstract
Entity Registrant Name	RIOT PLATFORMS, INC.
Trading Symbol	RIOT
Document Type	10-Q
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		185,305,831
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001167419
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33675
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1553387
Entity Address, Address Line One	3855 Ambrosia Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 301
Entity Address, City or Town	Castle Rock
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80109
City Area Code	(303)
Local Phone Number	794-2000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, no par value per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 289,176	$ 230,328
Accounts receivable, net	13,181	26,932
Contract assets, including retainage of $4,222 and $3,012, respectively	19,063	19,743
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	20,132	32,661
Bitcoin	140,931	109,420
Future power credits, current portion	271	24,297
Total current assets	482,754	443,381
Property and equipment, net	699,637	692,555
Deposits	30,414	42,433
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	18,622	21,477
Derivative asset	104,828	97,497
Operating lease right-of-use assets	21,221	21,673
Future power credits, less current portion	638	638
Other long-term assets	816	310
Total assets	1,358,930	1,319,964
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	12,616	18,445
Contract liabilities	3,117	8,446
Accrued expenses	27,307	65,464
Deferred gain on acquisition post-close dispute settlement	26,007
Deferred revenue, current portion	2,670	2,882
Contingent consideration liability - future power credits, current portion	271	24,297
Operating lease liability, current portion	2,343	2,009
Total current liabilities	74,331	121,543
Deferred revenue, less current portion	16,853	17,869
Operating lease liability, less current portion	19,510	20,242
Contingent consideration liability - future power credits, less current portion	638	638
Other long-term liabilities	6,688	8,230
Total liabilities	118,020	168,522
Commitments and contingencies - Note 16
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized:
Common stock, no par value; 340,000,000 shares authorized; 182,250,554 and 167,751,112 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	2,080,627	1,907,784
Accumulated deficit	(839,717)	(756,342)
Total stockholders' equity	1,240,910	1,151,442
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 1,358,930	$ 1,319,964

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Contract assets, retainage \| $	$ 4,222	$ 3,012
Preferred stock, par value (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares
Preferred stock, shares authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share) \| $ / shares
Common stock, shares authorized	340,000,000	340,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	182,250,554	167,751,112
Common stock, shares outstanding	182,250,554	167,751,112
2% Series A Convertible Stock
Preferred stock convertible conversion ratio	2	2
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
0% Series B Convertible Stock
Preferred stock convertible conversion ratio	0	0
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,750,001	1,750,001
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 76,739	$ 72,947	$ 149,975	$ 152,734
Costs and expenses:
Acquisition-related costs				78
Selling, general, and administrative	19,836	10,713	32,511	21,545
Depreciation and amortization	66,162	20,562	125,502	34,807
Change in fair value of derivative asset	(13,109)	(60,931)	(7,331)	(104,614)
Power curtailment credits	(13,470)	(5,706)	(16,545)	(8,258)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration				176
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin	(19,828)	(15,260)	(33,603)	(24,925)
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment	30	(8,614)	30	(8,614)
Casualty-related charges			1,526
Impairment of Bitcoin	5,638	101,419	10,110	127,289
Impairment of goodwill		335,648		335,648
Total costs and expenses	109,222	426,185	239,285	467,114
Operating income (loss)	(32,483)	(353,238)	(89,310)	(314,380)
Other income (expense):
Interest income (expense)	4,843		1,013	(357)
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		(1,624)		(1,624)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		(4,837)		(6,448)
Other income (expense)	65	(59)	65	(59)
Total other income (expense)	4,908	(6,520)	1,078	(8,488)
Net income (loss) before taxes	(27,575)	(359,758)	(88,232)	(322,868)
Current income tax benefit (expense)	(112)	(427)	(188)	(739)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(0)	6,626	5,045	6,626
Total income tax benefit (expense)	(112)	6,199	4,857	5,887
Net income (loss)	$ (27,687)	$ (353,559)	$ (83,375)	$ (316,981)
Basic net income (loss) per share (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.17)	$ (2.71)	$ (0.51)	$ (2.56)
Diluted net income (loss) per share (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.01)	$ (2.71)	$ (0.35)	$ (2.56)
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding (in Shares)	167,342,813	130,405,502	162,559,956	123,760,839
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding (in Shares)	167,342,813	130,405,502	162,559,956	123,760,839
Mining
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 49,742	$ 46,151	$ 97,765	$ 104,096
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	23,647	17,995	45,546	37,089
Data Center Hosting
Revenue:
Total revenue	7,661	9,834	16,703	19,528
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	22,134	15,184	47,794	30,169
Engineering
Revenue:
Total revenue	19,312	16,938	35,459	29,062
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	18,182	15,175	33,745	26,724
Other revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 24	$ 24	$ 48	$ 48

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Accumulated deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 11	$ 1,595,147	$ (246,789)	$ 1,348,369
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	2,199	116,748,472
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding		$ (8,815)		(8,815)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding (in shares)		675,685
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs		$ 267,022		267,022
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		30,559,817
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$ (11)	$ 11
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock (in Shares)	(2,199)	2,199
Stock-based compensation		$ 3,743		3,743
Net Income (Loss)			(316,981)	(316,981)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022		$ 1,857,108	(563,770)	1,293,338
Balance (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		147,986,173
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022		$ 1,589,893	(210,211)	1,379,682
Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		117,304,304
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding		$ (508)		(508)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding (in shares)		122,052
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs		$ 267,022		267,022
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		30,559,817
Stock-based compensation		$ 701		701
Net Income (Loss)			(353,559)	(353,559)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022		$ 1,857,108	(563,770)	1,293,338
Balance (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		147,986,173
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 1,907,784	(756,342)	1,151,442
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		167,751,112
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding		$ (12,951)		(12,951)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding (in shares)		(1,447,723)
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs		$ 184,661		184,661
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		15,877,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of ESS Metron (in Shares)		70,165
Stock-based compensation		$ 1,133		1,133
Net Income (Loss)			(83,375)	(83,375)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023		$ 2,080,627	(839,717)	1,240,910
Balance (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		182,250,554
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023		$ 1,904,175	(812,030)	1,092,145
Balance (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		166,966,766
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding		$ (11,638)		(11,638)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures and delivery of common stock underlying stock awards, net of tax withholding (in shares)		(663,377)
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs		$ 184,661		184,661
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)		15,877,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of ESS Metron (in Shares)		70,165
Stock-based compensation		$ 3,429		3,429
Net Income (Loss)			(27,687)	(27,687)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023		$ 2,080,627	$ (839,717)	$ 1,240,910
Balance (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		182,250,554

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Operating activities
Net Income (Loss)	$ (353,559)	$ (83,375)	$ (316,981)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		1,133	3,743
Depreciation and amortization	20,562	125,502	34,807
Amortization of license fee revenue		(48)	(48)
Noncash lease expense		1,134	807
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		(5,045)	(6,626)
Impairment of Bitcoin	101,419	10,110	127,289
Impairment of goodwill	335,648		335,648
Change in fair value of derivative asset		(7,331)	(104,614)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration			176
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities			1,624
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin	(15,260)	(33,603)	(24,925)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities	4,837		6,448
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment	(8,614)	30	(8,614)
Casualty-related charges		1,526
Bitcoin Mining revenue		(97,765)	(104,096)
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin		89,162	33,116
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase)/decrease in operating assets		29,226	18,983
Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities		(36,440)	(11,130)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(5,784)	(14,393)
Investing activities
Proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities			704
Deposits on equipment			(192,485)
Security deposits			(709)
Purchases of property and equipment, including construction in progress		(107,424)	(77,403)
Patent costs incurred		(34)	(28)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(107,458)	(269,921)
Financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock / At-the-market offering		188,430	272,737
Offering costs for the issuance of common stock / At-the-market offering		(3,769)	(5,715)
Payments on contingent consideration liability - future power credits			(15,725)
Proceeds from Credit and Security Facility		880
Repayments of Credit and Security Facility		(500)
Repurchase of common shares to pay employee withholding taxes		(12,951)	(8,815)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		172,090	242,482
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		58,848	(41,832)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		230,328	312,315
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	270,483	289,176	270,483
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest		17
Non-cash transactions
Reclassification of deposits to property and equipment		33,273	96,348
Construction in progress included in accrued expenses		7,353	2,020
Bitcoin exchanged for employee compensation	1,362	585	1,362
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock			11
Right of use assets exchanged for new operating lease liabilities	$ 8,784	$ 682	8,784
Property and equipment obtained in exchange transaction			$ 10,409

Organization and Operation of Our Business

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization and Operation of Our Business

Note 1. Organization and Operation of Our Business

Nature of Operations

As described in Note 19. Segment Information, we operate in three reportable business segments: Bitcoin Mining, Data Center Hosting, and Engineering.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Liquidity and Financial Condition

Note 2. Liquidity and Financial Condition

Inflation

Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Note 3. Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Use of estimates

Reclassifications

Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see the Company’s 2022 Annual Report.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated all recently issued accounting pronouncements and believes such pronouncements do not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Note 4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregated revenue

Revenue disaggregated by reportable segment is presented in Note 19. Segment Information.

Contract balances

Contract assets relate to uncompleted Engineering contracts. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, contract assets were $19.1 million and $19.7 million, respectively.


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	29,197
Revenue recognized		(8,763)
Other changes in contract liabilities		2,206
Ending balance	$	22,640

Remaining performance obligation

The following table presents the Company’s remaining performance obligations, which represent the transaction price of contracts for work that has not yet been performed.


	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Data Center Hosting	$	1,394	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	8,147	$	18,989
Engineering		3,117		—		—		—		—		—		3,117
Other		49		97		97		97		97		97		534
Total contract liabilities	$	4,560	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	8,244	$	22,640

Bitcoin

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Cryptocurrencies Abstract

Bitcoin

Note 5. Bitcoin

The following table presents information about the Company’s Bitcoin holdings:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	109,420
Revenue recognized from Bitcoin mined		97,765
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin		(89,162)
Exchange of Bitcoin for employee compensation		(585)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		33,603
Impairment of Bitcoin		(10,110)
Ending balance	$	140,931

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges on its Bitcoin holdings of $5.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges on its Bitcoin holdings of $101.4 million and $127.3 million, respectively.

Property and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Note 6. Property and Equipment

The following table presents the Company’s property and equipment:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Buildings and building improvements	$	312,128	$	229,685
Land rights and land improvements		10,164		10,164
Miners and mining equipment		491,783		441,324
Machinery and facility equipment		38,030		35,125
Office and computer equipment		1,649		1,206
Construction in progress		90,257		97,231
Total cost of property and equipment		944,011		814,735
Less accumulated depreciation		(244,374)		(122,180)
Property and equipment, net	$	699,637	$	692,555

The Company did not incur any impairment charges for its property and equipment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Miners and mining equipment

Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net

In December 2022, the Rockdale Facility was damaged during severe winter storms in Texas, impacting approximately 2.5 exahash per second (“EH/s”) of hash rate capacity.

The Company has estimated that total damages of $11.2 million were incurred. No insurance recoveries have been received. Recoveries will be recognized when they are probable of being received.

Construction in progress

Commitments

Related party land transaction

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Note 7. Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2023:


							Weighted-
	Gross		Accumulated		Net book		average life
	book value		amortization		value		(years)
Customer contracts	$	6,300	$	(982)	$	5,318	10
Trademark		5,000		(792)		4,208	10
UL Listings		2,700		(357)		2,343	12
Patents		10,060		(3,307)		6,753	Various
Finite-lived intangible assets	$	24,060	$	(5,438)	$	18,622

The following table presents the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022:


							Weighted-
	Gross		Accumulated		Net book		average life
	book value		amortization		value		(years)
Customer contracts	$	6,300	$	(671)	$	5,629	10
Trademark		5,000		(542)		4,458	10
UL Listings		2,700		(244)		2,456	12
Patents		10,060		(1,126)		8,934	Various
Finite-lived intangible assets	$	24,060	$	(2,583)	$	21,477

The following table presents the estimated future amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2023:


Remainder of 2023	$	3,535
2024		5,815
2025		1,355
2026		1,355
2027		1,355
Thereafter		5,207
Total	$	18,622

The Company did not identify any impairment of its finite-lived intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Power Supply Contract

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Power Supply Contract

Power Supply Contract

Note 8. Power Supply Contract

Power Supply Contract and Demand Response Services Programs

The following table presents changes in the estimated fair value of the Derivative asset:


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	97,497
Change in fair value of derivative asset		7,331
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	104,828

Long-Term Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Assets

Note 9. Long-Term Assets

Deposits

The following table presents the Company’s deposits:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deposits on equipment	$	—		33,273
Security deposits		30,414		9,160
Total deposits	$	30,414	$	42,433

Deposits on Equipment

Security Deposits

Accrued Expenses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Schedule of Accrued Expenses [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Note 10. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Construction in progress	$	7,353	$	16,621
Power related costs and remittances		2,981		32,632
Accrued compensation		6,491		8,582
Insurance		928		3,660
Other		9,554		3,969
Total accrued expenses	$	27,307	$	65,464

Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt

Debt

Note 11. Debt

Credit and Security Facility

As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Credit and Security Facility.

Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Note 12. Leases

The following table presents the components of the Company’s lease expense:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	951	$	803	$	1,855	$	1,425
Variable lease cost		49		31		104		76
Operating lease expense		1,000		834	$	1,959	$	1,501

The following table presents supplemental lease information:


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	920		$	719		$	1,794		$	719
Right of use assets exchanged for new operating lease liabilities	$	—		$	—		$	682		$	8,784
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		7.9			9.3			7.9			9.3
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		6.6	%		6.5	%		6.6	%		6.5	%

The following table represents our future minimum operating lease payments as of June 30, 2023:


	Ground lease		Office and other leases		Total
Remainder of 2023	$	970	$	862	$	1,832
2024		1,998		1,701		3,699
2025		2,058		1,347		3,405
2026		2,119		1,273		3,392
2027		2,183		1,148		3,331
Thereafter		9,618		3,227		12,845
Total undiscounted lease payments		18,946		9,558		28,504
Less present value discount		(5,719)		(932)		(6,651)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	13,227	$	8,626	$	21,853

Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Note 13. Stockholders’ Equity

At-the-Market (“ATM”) Equity Offerings

2022 ATM Offering

In March 2022, the Company entered into the 2022 ATM Offering, under which it could offer and sell up to $500.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock.

ESS Metron Holdback Shares

Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Note 14. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table presents the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by category:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Performance-based stock awards	$	(5,459)	$	2,656	$	(16,349)	$	3,938
Service-based stock awards		8,888		(1,955)		17,482		(195)
Total stock-based compensation	$	3,429	$	701	$	1,133	$	3,743

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in Selling, general and administrative on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Restricted Common Stock Awards

Performance-Based Awards

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s performance-based awards activity:


		Weighted Average
		Grant-Date
		Per Share
	Number of Shares	Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2023	3,918,935	$	25.92
Granted	380,700	$	8.07
Vested	(373,520)	$	25.78
Forfeited	(231,800)	$	34.89
Balance as of June 30, 2023	3,694,315	$	23.54

As of June 30, 2023, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to the performance-based awards.

Service-Based Awards

Service-based awards generally vest over a one to two-year service period.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s service-based awards activity:


		Weighted Average
		Grant-Date
		Per Share
	Number of Shares	Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2023	8,855,744	$	6.84
Granted	378,889	$	4.89
Vested	(4,227,077)	$	6.85
Forfeited	(779,297)	$	6.81
Balance as of June 30, 2023	4,228,259	$	6.75

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 15. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:


	Fair value measured as of June 30, 2023
							Significant
			Quoted prices in		Significant other		unobservable
	Total carrying		active markets		observable inputs		inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative asset (a)	$	104,828	$	—	$	—	$	104,828
Contingent consideration liability (b)	$	909	$	—	$	—	$	909


	Fair value measured as of December 31, 2022
							Significant
			Quoted prices in		Significant other		unobservable
	Total carrying		active markets		observable inputs		inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative asset (a)	$	97,497	$	—	$	—	$	97,497
Contingent consideration liability (b)	$	24,935	$	—	$	—	$	24,935

(a)

See Note 8. Power Supply Contract.

(b)

See Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies.

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Operating Leases

Water Reservation Agreement

Contingent Consideration Liability

The following table presents the changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration liability:


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	24,935
Change in contingent consideration		(24,026)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	909

The estimated fair value measurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement.

Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

Northern Data Working Capital Disputes

Legacy Hosting Customer Disputes

Rhodium

SBI Crypto Co.

GMO

Class Actions and Related Claims

Shareholder Derivative Actions

Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 17. Income Taxes

Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 18. Earnings Per Share

The following table presents potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:



	June 30, 2023	June 30, 2022
Warrants to purchase common stock	63,000	63,000
Unvested restricted stock awards ^(a)	5,540,298	—
Unvested restricted stock units	—	4,244,534
Total	5,603,298	4,307,534

(a)

Unvested restricted stock awards are included in total common shares outstanding but are excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per share.

Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Note 19. Segment Information

segments based on reportable segment revenue and reportable segment cost of revenue. No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no single customer or related group of customers contributed 10% or more of the Company’s total consolidated revenue.

The following table presents revenue and cost of revenues for the Company’s reportable segments, reconciled to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Reportable segment revenue:
Bitcoin Mining	$	49,742	$	46,151	$	97,765	$	104,096
Data Center Hosting		39,387		23,577		76,383		44,616
Engineering		20,183		19,512		41,539		34,750
Other revenue		24		24		48		48
Eliminations		(32,597)		(16,317)		(65,760)		(30,776)
Total segment and consolidated revenue	$	76,739	$	72,947	$	149,975	$	152,734

Reportable segment cost of revenues:
Bitcoin Mining		33,482		20,913		62,173		44,844
Data Center Hosting		44,026		26,012		90,847		47,504
Engineering		18,932		16,983		37,818		30,535
Eliminations		(32,477)		(15,554)		(63,753)		(28,901)
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	$	63,963	$	48,354	$	127,085	$	93,982

Reconciling Items:
Acquisition-related costs		—		—		—		(78)
Selling, general, and administrative		(19,836)		(10,713)		(32,511)		(21,545)
Depreciation and amortization		(66,162)		(20,562)		(125,502)		(34,807)
Change in fair value of derivative asset		13,109		60,931		7,331		104,614
Power curtailment credits		13,470		5,706		16,545		8,258
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—		—		—		(176)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		19,828		15,260		33,603		24,925
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment		(30)		8,614		(30)		8,614
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net		—		—		(1,526)		—
Impairment of Bitcoin		(5,638)		(101,419)		(10,110)		(127,289)
Impairment of goodwill		—		(335,648)		—		(335,648)
Interest income (expense)		4,843		—		1,013		(357)
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		—		(1,624)		—		(1,624)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		—		(4,837)		—		(6,448)
Other income (expense)		65		(59)		65		(59)
Current income tax benefit (expense)		(112)		(427)		(188)		(739)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)		—		6,626		5,045		6,626
Net income (loss)	$	(27,687)	$	(353,559)	$	(83,375)	$	(316,981)

Basis of Presentation, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of such interim results. Amounts are stated in thousands of U.S. Dollars except for share, per share and miner amounts. The results in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 or for any future interim period. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and, as such, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and notes thereto, included in the 2022 Annual Report.
Use of estimates	Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements include estimates associated with valuing contingent consideration for a business combination and periodic reassessment of its fair value, allocating the fair value of purchase consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions, revenue recognition, valuing the derivative asset classified under Level 3 fair value hierarchy, determining the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, impairment analysis of goodwill, fixed assets, and finite-lived intangibles, stock-based compensation, and the valuation allowance associated with the Company’s deferred tax assets.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and these accompanying notes. The reclassifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The impact on any prior period disclosures was immaterial.
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see the Company’s 2022 Annual Report.
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements The Company has evaluated all recently issued accounting pronouncements and believes such pronouncements do not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in the contract liabilities and deferred revenue


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	29,197
Revenue recognized		(8,763)
Other changes in contract liabilities		2,206
Ending balance	$	22,640

Schedule of disaggregated revenue


	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Data Center Hosting	$	1,394	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	2,362	$	8,147	$	18,989
Engineering		3,117		—		—		—		—		—		3,117
Other		49		97		97		97		97		97		534
Total contract liabilities	$	4,560	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	2,459	$	8,244	$	22,640

Bitcoin (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Cryptocurrencies Abstract

Schedule of additional information


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	109,420
Revenue recognized from Bitcoin mined		97,765
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin		(89,162)
Exchange of Bitcoin for employee compensation		(585)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		33,603
Impairment of Bitcoin		(10,110)
Ending balance	$	140,931

Property and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property and equipment


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Buildings and building improvements	$	312,128	$	229,685
Land rights and land improvements		10,164		10,164
Miners and mining equipment		491,783		441,324
Machinery and facility equipment		38,030		35,125
Office and computer equipment		1,649		1,206
Construction in progress		90,257		97,231
Total cost of property and equipment		944,011		814,735
Less accumulated depreciation		(244,374)		(122,180)
Property and equipment, net	$	699,637	$	692,555

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets

The following table presents the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2023:


							Weighted-
	Gross		Accumulated		Net book		average life
	book value		amortization		value		(years)
Customer contracts	$	6,300	$	(982)	$	5,318	10
Trademark		5,000		(792)		4,208	10
UL Listings		2,700		(357)		2,343	12
Patents		10,060		(3,307)		6,753	Various
Finite-lived intangible assets	$	24,060	$	(5,438)	$	18,622

The following table presents the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022:


							Weighted-
	Gross		Accumulated		Net book		average life
	book value		amortization		value		(years)
Customer contracts	$	6,300	$	(671)	$	5,629	10
Trademark		5,000		(542)		4,458	10
UL Listings		2,700		(244)		2,456	12
Patents		10,060		(1,126)		8,934	Various
Finite-lived intangible assets	$	24,060	$	(2,583)	$	21,477

Schedule of the estimated future amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets

The following table presents the estimated future amortization of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2023:


Remainder of 2023	$	3,535
2024		5,815
2025		1,355
2026		1,355
2027		1,355
Thereafter		5,207
Total	$	18,622

Power Supply Contract (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Power Supply Contract

Schedule of changes in estimated fair value of derivative asset


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	97,497
Change in fair value of derivative asset		7,331
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	104,828

Long-Term Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of deposits on equipment


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Deposits on equipment	$	—		33,273
Security deposits		30,414		9,160
Total deposits	$	30,414	$	42,433

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Schedule of Accrued Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of accrued expenses


	June 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Construction in progress	$	7,353	$	16,621
Power related costs and remittances		2,981		32,632
Accrued compensation		6,491		8,582
Insurance		928		3,660
Other		9,554		3,969
Total accrued expenses	$	27,307	$	65,464

Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of lease expense


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	951	$	803	$	1,855	$	1,425
Variable lease cost		49		31		104		76
Operating lease expense		1,000		834	$	1,959	$	1,501

Schedule of other information


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	920		$	719		$	1,794		$	719
Right of use assets exchanged for new operating lease liabilities	$	—		$	—		$	682		$	8,784
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		7.9			9.3			7.9			9.3
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		6.6	%		6.5	%		6.6	%		6.5	%

Schedule of future minimum operating lease payments


	Ground lease		Office and other leases		Total
Remainder of 2023	$	970	$	862	$	1,832
2024		1,998		1,701		3,699
2025		2,058		1,347		3,405
2026		2,119		1,273		3,392
2027		2,183		1,148		3,331
Thereafter		9,618		3,227		12,845
Total undiscounted lease payments		18,946		9,558		28,504
Less present value discount		(5,719)		(932)		(6,651)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	13,227	$	8,626	$	21,853

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock-based compensation


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Performance-based stock awards	$	(5,459)	$	2,656	$	(16,349)	$	3,938
Service-based stock awards		8,888		(1,955)		17,482		(195)
Total stock-based compensation	$	3,429	$	701	$	1,133	$	3,743

Schedule of performance-based awards


		Weighted Average
		Grant-Date
		Per Share
	Number of Shares	Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2023	3,918,935	$	25.92
Granted	380,700	$	8.07
Vested	(373,520)	$	25.78
Forfeited	(231,800)	$	34.89
Balance as of June 30, 2023	3,694,315	$	23.54

Schedule of service-based awards


		Weighted Average
		Grant-Date
		Per Share
	Number of Shares	Fair Value
Balance as of January 1, 2023	8,855,744	$	6.84
Granted	378,889	$	4.89
Vested	(4,227,077)	$	6.85
Forfeited	(779,297)	$	6.81
Balance as of June 30, 2023	4,228,259	$	6.75

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis


	Fair value measured as of June 30, 2023
							Significant
			Quoted prices in		Significant other		unobservable
	Total carrying		active markets		observable inputs		inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative asset (a)	$	104,828	$	—	$	—	$	104,828
Contingent consideration liability (b)	$	909	$	—	$	—	$	909


	Fair value measured as of December 31, 2022
							Significant
			Quoted prices in		Significant other		unobservable
	Total carrying		active markets		observable inputs		inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Derivative asset (a)	$	97,497	$	—	$	—	$	97,497
Contingent consideration liability (b)	$	24,935	$	—	$	—	$	24,935

(a)

See Note 8. Power Supply Contract.

(b)

See Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in estimated fair value of liability


Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	24,935
Change in contingent consideration		(24,026)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	909

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of antidilutive securities



	June 30, 2023	June 30, 2022
Warrants to purchase common stock	63,000	63,000
Unvested restricted stock awards ^(a)	5,540,298	—
Unvested restricted stock units	—	4,244,534
Total	5,603,298	4,307,534

(a)

Unvested restricted stock awards are included in total common shares outstanding but are excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per share.

Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of reportable segments and operating income


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Reportable segment revenue:
Bitcoin Mining	$	49,742	$	46,151	$	97,765	$	104,096
Data Center Hosting		39,387		23,577		76,383		44,616
Engineering		20,183		19,512		41,539		34,750
Other revenue		24		24		48		48
Eliminations		(32,597)		(16,317)		(65,760)		(30,776)
Total segment and consolidated revenue	$	76,739	$	72,947	$	149,975	$	152,734

Reportable segment cost of revenues:
Bitcoin Mining		33,482		20,913		62,173		44,844
Data Center Hosting		44,026		26,012		90,847		47,504
Engineering		18,932		16,983		37,818		30,535
Eliminations		(32,477)		(15,554)		(63,753)		(28,901)
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	$	63,963	$	48,354	$	127,085	$	93,982

Reconciling Items:
Acquisition-related costs		—		—		—		(78)
Selling, general, and administrative		(19,836)		(10,713)		(32,511)		(21,545)
Depreciation and amortization		(66,162)		(20,562)		(125,502)		(34,807)
Change in fair value of derivative asset		13,109		60,931		7,331		104,614
Power curtailment credits		13,470		5,706		16,545		8,258
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		—		—		—		(176)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin		19,828		15,260		33,603		24,925
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment		(30)		8,614		(30)		8,614
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net		—		—		(1,526)		—
Impairment of Bitcoin		(5,638)		(101,419)		(10,110)		(127,289)
Impairment of goodwill		—		(335,648)		—		(335,648)
Interest income (expense)		4,843		—		1,013		(357)
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		—		(1,624)		—		(1,624)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		—		(4,837)		—		(6,448)
Other income (expense)		65		(59)		65		(59)
Current income tax benefit (expense)		(112)		(427)		(188)		(739)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)		—		6,626		5,045		6,626
Net income (loss)	$	(27,687)	$	(353,559)	$	(83,375)	$	(316,981)

Organization and Operation of Our Business (Details)	6 Months Ended
Organization and Operation of Our Business (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023 MWh segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Mining capacity (MW) \| MWh	700
Number of reportable segments \| segment	3

Liquidity and Financial Condition (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Liquidity and Financial Condition (Details) [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 289,176		$ 289,176		$ 230,328
Working capital		408,400		408,400
Stockholders' equity				1,200,000
Accumulated deficit		$ 839,700		$ 839,700
Sold bitcoin (in Shares)				3,575
Bitcoin proceeds amount				$ 89,200
Proceeds from the sale of stock (in Dollars)				$ 188,430	$ 272,737
Common Stock
Liquidity and Financial Condition (Details) [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares		15,877,000	30,559,817	15,877,000	30,559,817
Sales Agents \| 2022 ATM Offering \| Common Stock
Liquidity and Financial Condition (Details) [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares	570,645			15,877,000
Weighted average price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.78	$ 11.87		$ 11.87
Proceeds from the sale of stock (in Dollars)	$ 6,600			$ 184,700

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract balances	$ 19.1	$ 19.7

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of changes in the contract liabilities and deferred revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Schedule Of Changes In The Total Deferred Revenue Liability Abstract
Beginning balance	$ 29,197
Revenue recognized	(8,763)
Other changes in contract liabilities	2,206
Ending balance	$ 22,640

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of disaggregated revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
2023	$ 4,560
2024	2,459
2025	2,459
2026	2,459
2027	2,459
Thereafter	8,244
Total	22,640
Data Center Hosting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
2023	1,394
2024	2,362
2025	2,362
2026	2,362
2027	2,362
Thereafter	8,147
Total	18,989
Engineering
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
2023	3,117
Total	3,117
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
2023	49
2024	97
2025	97
2026	97
2027	97
Thereafter	97
Total	$ 534

Bitcoin - Schedule of additional information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) item	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) item	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) item
Schedule Of Additional Information Abstract
Beginning balance			$ 109,420
Revenue recognized from Bitcoin mined			97,765
Proceeds from sale of Bitcoin			(89,162)
Exchange of Bitcoin for employee compensation			(585)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin			33,603
Impairment of Bitcoin			(10,110)
Ending balance	$ 140,931		140,931
Impairment of Bitcoin	5,638	$ 101,419	10,110	$ 127,289
Market price of one Bitcoin	$ 30,477		$ 30,477		$ 16,548
Number of Bitcoins held \| item	7,265		7,265		6,974
Estimated fair value of Bitcoin	$ 221,400		$ 221,400		$ 115,400

Property and Equipment (Details)	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		18 Months Ended
Property and Equipment (Details)	Jul. 31, 2023 USD ($) MWh	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) MWh item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) a MWh GWh item	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) MWh item	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) MWh item	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) MWh item	Dec. 31, 2021 MWh	Dec. 31, 2020 MWh
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Number of miners currently offline \| item		17,040		17,040		17,040		17,040
Number of miners to be purchased from Bitmain as per purchase agreement \| item			5,130
Deposits		$ 30,414,000	$ 42,433,000	$ 30,414,000		$ 30,414,000		$ 30,414,000
Impairment charges on property and equipment				$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Mining capacity (MW) \| MWh		700		700		700		700
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment				$ 64,700,000	$ 20,200,000	$ 122,600,000	$ 34,100,000
Purchase of miners			33,273,000
MicroBT Electronics Technology Co., LTD [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase price		$ 162,900,000
Purchase of miners	$ 48,900,000
Additional commitment amount	$ 114,000,000.0
Midas Green Technologies, LLC [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase of immersion cooling systems \| MWh	200
Purchase of additional immersion cooling systems \| MWh	400
Purchase of miners	$ 20,800,000
Additional commitment amount	31,200,000
Mr. Theriot [Member] \| Management [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Payments to acquire productive assets	1,100,000
M56S plus model miners [Member] \| MicroBT Electronics Technology Co., LTD [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Number of miners to be purchased from Bitmain as per purchase agreement \| item		8,320		8,320		8,320		8,320
M56S plus plus model miners [Member] \| MicroBT Electronics Technology Co., LTD [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Number of miners to be purchased from Bitmain as per purchase agreement \| item		24,960		24,960		24,960		24,960
Number of additional miners purchase option \| item		66,560
Land [Member] \| Mr. Theriot [Member] \| Management [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Payments to acquire productive assets	200,000
Buildings and building improvements [Member] \| Mr. Theriot [Member] \| Management [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Payments to acquire productive assets	$ 900,000
Rockdale Facility Bitcoin Mining Facility Texas Member
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Number of miners deployed at mining facility \| item		95,904		95,904		95,904		95,904
Mining capacity (MW) \| MWh									700	300
Additional increased mining capacity \| MWh		400		400		400		400
Rockdale Facility Bitcoin Mining Facility Texas Member \| Miners and mining equipment [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Loss Contingency Loss In Period			11,200,000
Insurance recoveries			$ 0
Corsicana Facility Land Site [Member]
Property and Equipment (Details) [Line Items]
Area of land (in Acres) acquired \| a			265
Consideration								$ 10,100,000
Anticipated gigawatt under development at site \| GWh			1
Number of megawatts construction under initial phase of development of facility \| MWh			400
Costs incurred for land								102,000,000.0
Initial development costs and equipment								87,200,000
Deposit for future power usage		$ 4,700,000		$ 4,700,000		$ 4,700,000		$ 4,700,000

Property and Equipment - Schedule of property and equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 944,011	$ 814,735
Less accumulated depreciation	(244,374)	(122,180)
Property and equipment, net	699,637	692,555
Buildings and building improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	312,128	229,685
Land rights and land improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	10,164	10,164
Miners and mining equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	491,783	441,324
Machinery and facility equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	38,030	35,125
Office and computer equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	1,649	1,206
Construction in progress [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total cost of property and equipment	$ 90,257	$ 97,231

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 1.4	$ 0.3	$ 2.9	$ 0.7

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets - Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross book value	$ 24,060	$ 24,060
Accumulated amortization	(5,438)	(2,583)
Net book value	18,622	21,477
Customer contracts [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross book value	6,300	6,300
Accumulated amortization	(982)	(671)
Net book value	$ 5,318	$ 5,629
Weighted-average life (years)	10 years	10 years
Trademark [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross book value	$ 5,000	$ 5,000
Accumulated amortization	(792)	(542)
Net book value	$ 4,208	$ 4,458
Weighted-average life (years)	10 years	10 years
UL Listings [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross book value	$ 2,700	$ 2,700
Accumulated amortization	(357)	(244)
Net book value	$ 2,343	$ 2,456
Weighted-average life (years)	12 years	12 years
Patents [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross book value	$ 10,060	$ 10,060
Accumulated amortization	(3,307)	(1,126)
Net book value	$ 6,753	$ 8,934

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets - Schedule of estimated future amortization of finite-lived intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Intangible Assets [Abstract]
Remainder of 2023	$ 3,535
2024	5,815
2025	1,355
2026	1,355
2027	1,355
Thereafter	5,207
Total	$ 18,622	$ 21,477

Power Supply Contract (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Power Supply Contract (Details) $ in Thousands	Nov. 30, 2022 MWh	Mar. 31, 2022 MWh	May 31, 2020 MWh	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) MWh	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Power Supply Contract [Line Items]
Power curtailment credits \| $				$ (13,470)	$ (5,706)	$ (16,545)	$ (8,258)
Discount Rate [Member]
Power Supply Contract [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Measurement Input				0.233		0.233
Power Supply Agreement \| TXU Energy Retail Company LLC [Member] \| Rockdale Facility Bitcoin Mining Facility Texas Member
Power Supply Contract [Line Items]
Capacity of electricity agreed to provide or deliver (MW)			130			345
Capacity of electricity delivery, increased portion	150	65

Power Supply Contract - Schedule of Changes in Estimated Fair Value of Derivative Asset (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Schedule Of Changes In Estimated Fair Value Of Derivative Asset Abstract
Beginning Balance			$ 97,497
Change in fair value of derivative asset	$ 13,109	$ 60,931	7,331	$ 104,614
Ending Balance	$ 104,828		$ 104,828

Long-Term Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Long-Term Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023 USD ($) MWh	Jan. 31, 2023 item	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) MWh item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Security Deposit				$ 2,700
Ground Leases			$ 1,800
Purchase of miners				33,273
Oncor
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Security Deposit					$ 3,100
MicroBT Electronics Technology Co., LTD [Member]
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase of miners	$ 48,900
Midas Green Technologies, LLC [Member]
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Purchase of miners	$ 20,800
Purchase of immersion cooling systems \| MWh	200
Corsicana Facility Land Site [Member]
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Security Deposit				$ 4,700
Power Supply Agreement with TXU
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Security Deposit			$ 23,000
Additional increased mining capacity \| MWh			215
Number of Megawatts capacity \| item			345
Rockdale Facility Bitcoin Mining Facility Texas Member
Long-Term Assets (Details) [Line Items]
Reclassification to property and equipment			$ 33,300
Number Of Miners Acquired And Received \| item		5,130

Long-Term Assets - Schedule of deposits on equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Deposits On Equipment Abstract
Deposits on equipment		$ 33,273
Security deposits	$ 30,414	9,160
Total deposits	$ 30,414	$ 42,433

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of accrued expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Accrued Expenses [Abstract]
Construction in progress	$ 7,353	$ 16,621
Power related costs and remittances	2,981	32,632
Accrued compensation	6,491	8,582
Insurance	928	3,660
Other	9,554	3,969
Total accrued expenses	$ 27,307	$ 65,464

Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt
Amount borrowed	$ 10.0
Borrowing	0.9
Outstanding balance	0.0
Payments of credit and security facility	0.5
Maximum
Debt
Outstanding balance		$ 0.1
Revolving credit facility
Debt
Amount borrowed	$ 6.0
Term of debt	1 year
Interest rate of debt during the period	4.00%
Interest rate at end of period	7.50%
Manufacturing term loans
Debt
Term of debt	5 years
Interest rate of debt during the period	2.50%
Outstanding balance	$ 0.0
Equipment term loans
Debt
Amount borrowed	$ 4.0
Term of debt	3 years
Line of credit facility, term	1 year
Interest rate of debt during the period	2.50%
Interest rate at end of period	7.50%
Percentage of finance approved for purchases	80.00%
Revolving line of credit	$ 0.4
Equipment term loan fixed interest rate	6.60%
Equipment term loan outstanding	$ 0.4
Deferred financing costs	0.1
Equipment term loans \| Accrued liabilities [Member]
Debt
Equipment term loan, current	0.1
Equipment term loans \| Other noncurrent liabilities [Member]
Debt
Other long term debt, net	$ 0.3
Equipment term loans \| Maximum
Debt
Term of debt	3 years
Interest rate of debt during the period	4.00%

Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets		$ 21,221	$ 21,673
Operating lease liabilities		$ 21,853	$ 22,300
Office space lease [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 600
Operating lease liabilities	$ 600
Operating lease term of contract	5 years

Leases - Schedule of lease expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Schedule Of Lease Expense Abstract
Operating lease cost	$ 951	$ 803	$ 1,855	$ 1,425
Variable lease cost	49	31	104	76
Operating lease expense	$ 1,000	$ 834	$ 1,959	$ 1,501

Leases - Schedule of other information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Schedule of Other Information [Abstract]
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$ 920	$ 719	$ 1,794	$ 719
Right of use assets exchanged for new operating lease liabilities			$ 682	$ 8,784
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	7 years 10 months 24 days	9 years 3 months 18 days	7 years 10 months 24 days	9 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	6.60%	6.50%	6.60%	6.50%

Leases - Schedule of future minimum operating lease payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of future minimum operating lease payments [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	$ 1,832
2024	3,699
2025	3,405
2026	3,392
2027	3,331
Thereafter	12,845
Total undiscounted lease payments	28,504
Less present value discount	(6,651)
Present value of lease liabilities	21,853	$ 22,300
Ground lease [Member]
Schedule of future minimum operating lease payments [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	970
2024	1,998
2025	2,058
2026	2,119
2027	2,183
Thereafter	9,618
Total undiscounted lease payments	18,946
Less present value discount	(5,719)
Present value of lease liabilities	13,227
Office and other leases [Member]
Schedule of future minimum operating lease payments [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	862
2024	1,701
2025	1,347
2026	1,273
2027	1,148
Thereafter	3,227
Total undiscounted lease payments	9,558
Less present value discount	(932)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 8,626

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Issuance expense (in Dollars)			$ 3,769	$ 5,715
Proceeds from the sale of stock (in Dollars)			$ 188,430	$ 272,737
Acquisition of ESS Metron [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Equity interests, Percentage					100.00%
Number of shares acquired (in Shares)					715,413
Number of shares withheld for indemnification security					70,165
Number of shares withheld for indemnification security, term					18 months
Number of shares (in Shares)			70,165
Sales Agents \| Common Stock \| 2022 ATM Offering
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of stock net (in Dollars)	$ 6,600		$ 184,700
Maximum amount of sales shares (in Dollars)	6,700	$ 500,000	188,400
Issuance expense (in Dollars)	$ 100		$ 3,700
Stock issued during period, shares	570,645		15,877,000
Weighted average price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.78		$ 11.87
Board of directors, officers, employees, and advisors [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock issued during period, shares			4,600,000
Number of shares held to cover withholding taxes related to the settlement of restricted stock units			1,200,000
Proceeds from the sale of stock (in Dollars)			$ 12,800

Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Performance-based stock awards [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost (in Dollars)		$ 0.0
Expiration period		3 years
Service-based awards [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost (in Dollars)		$ 29.8
Unrecognized compensation cost, period for recognition		12 months
Vesting rights, percentage	33.33%
Aggregate grant date fair value	$ 19.7
Service period	3 years
Service-based awards [Member] \| Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period		1 year
Service-based awards [Member] \| Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period		2 years
Total shareholder return based awards [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Performance period		3 years
Aggregate grant date fair value	$ 38.0
Total shareholder return based awards [Member] \| Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights, percentage		0.00%
Total shareholder return based awards [Member] \| Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting rights, percentage		200.00%
Total shareholder return based restricted stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted common stock	1.7
Total shareholder return based restricted stock units [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted common stock	0.2
Service based restricted stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted common stock	0.8
Service based restricted stock units [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares of restricted common stock	0.1

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Recognized Stock-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 3,429	$ 701	$ 1,133	$ 3,743
Performance-based awards [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	(5,459)	2,656	(16,349)	3,938
Service-based awards [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 8,888	$ (1,955)	$ 17,482	$ (195)

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Performance-based awards (Details) - Performance-based stock awards [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning Balance \| shares	3,918,935
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 25.92
Number of Shares, Granted \| shares	380,700
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Granted \| $ / shares	$ 8.07
Number of Shares, Vested \| shares	(373,520)
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Vested \| $ / shares	$ 25.78
Number of Shares, Forfeited \| shares	(231,800)
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Forfeited \| $ / shares	$ 34.89
Number of Shares, Ending Balance \| shares	3,694,315
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 23.54

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Service-based awards (Details) - Service-based awards [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning Balance \| shares	8,855,744
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 6.84
Number of Shares, Granted \| shares	378,889
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Granted \| $ / shares	$ 4.89
Number of Shares, Vested \| shares	(4,227,077)
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Vested \| $ / shares	$ 6.85
Number of Shares, Forfeited \| shares	(779,297)
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Forfeited \| $ / shares	$ 6.81
Number of Shares, Ending Balance \| shares	4,228,259
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 6.75

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset	$ 104,828	$ 97,497
Contingent consideration liability	909	24,935
Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) [Member]
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset
Contingent consideration liability
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset
Contingent consideration liability
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis [Line Items]
Derivative asset	104,828	97,497
Contingent consideration liability	$ 909	$ 24,935

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions					1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 13, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 12, 2023 USD ($) item	Jun. 09, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	May 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	May 02, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 05, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Annual lease payments						$ 2.1
SBI Crypto Co Litigation [Member] \| Profit Loss [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss								$ 15.0
SBI Crypto Co Litigation [Member] \| Equipment Damage [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss								$ 16.0
Rhodium Litigation [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss							$ 26.0
Northern data working capital disputes [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Final determination			$ 27.1	$ 29.5
Gain on acquisition post-close dispute settlement			$ 26.0
G M O [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss	$ 150.0
Loss contingency damages	$ 25.0
Minimum \| Rhodium Litigation [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss		$ 7.0
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss, figures in lost profits \| item		7
Maximum \| Rhodium Litigation [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss		$ 10.0
Loss contingency estimate of possible loss, figures in lost profits \| item		8
Acquisition Of Whinstone Member
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Additional consideration paid					$ 86.0
Future power credits to be received						$ 1.2
Future power credits to be received, term						12 years
Discount rate of contigent consideration						8.00%
Whinstone Us Llc Member \| Discount Rate [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Discount rate						2.50%

Commitments and Contingencies - Estimated Fair Value Contingent Consideration Liability (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) [Line Items]
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$ 24,935
Change in contingent consideration	(24,026)
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$ 909

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	$ (0)	$ 6,626	$ 5,045	$ 6,626

Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares not included in the computation of EPS	5,603,298	4,307,534
Warrants to purchase common stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares not included in the computation of EPS	63,000	63,000
Unvested restricted stock awards [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares not included in the computation of EPS	5,540,298
Unvested restricted stock units [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares not included in the computation of EPS		4,244,534

Segment Information (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Segment Information (Details)	Jun. 30, 2023 customer	Jun. 30, 2022 customer	Jun. 30, 2023 customer segment	Jun. 30, 2022 customer
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments \| segment			3
Number of customers over 10% of total revenues \| customer	0	0	0	0

Segment Information - Schedule of reportable segments and operating income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Reportable segment revenue:
Total segment and consolidated revenue	$ 76,739	$ 72,947	$ 149,975	$ 152,734
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	63,963	48,354	127,085	93,982
Reconciling Items:
Acquisition-related costs				(78)
Selling, general, and administrative	(19,836)	(10,713)	(32,511)	(21,545)
Depreciation and amortization	(66,162)	(20,562)	(125,502)	(34,807)
Change in fair value of derivative asset	13,109	60,931	7,331	104,614
Power curtailment credits	13,470	5,706	16,545	8,258
Change in fair value of contingent consideration				(176)
Realized gain on sale of Bitcoin	19,828	15,260	33,603	24,925
Gain (loss) on sale/exchange of equipment	(30)	8,614	(30)	8,614
Casualty-related charges (recoveries), net			(1,526)
Impairment of Bitcoin	(5,638)	(101,419)	(10,110)	(127,289)
Impairment of goodwill		(335,648)		(335,648)
Interest income (expense)	4,843		1,013	(357)
Realized loss on sale of marketable equity securities		(1,624)		(1,624)
Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		(4,837)		(6,448)
Other income (expense)	65	(59)	65	(59)
Current income tax benefit (expense)	(112)	(427)	(188)	(739)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(0)	6,626	5,045	6,626
Net income (loss)	(27,687)	(353,559)	(83,375)	(316,981)
Bitcoin Mining [Member]
Reportable segment revenue:
Total segment and consolidated revenue	49,742	46,151	97,765	104,096
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	33,482	20,913	62,173	44,844
Data Center Hosting [Member]
Reportable segment revenue:
Total segment and consolidated revenue	39,387	23,577	76,383	44,616
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	44,026	26,012	90,847	47,504
Engineering [Member]
Reportable segment revenue:
Total segment and consolidated revenue	20,183	19,512	41,539	34,750
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	18,932	16,983	37,818	30,535
Other revenue [Member]
Reportable segment revenue:
Total segment and consolidated revenue	24	24	48	48
Eliminations [Member]
Reportable segment revenue:
Total segment and consolidated revenue	(32,597)	(16,317)	(65,760)	(30,776)
Total segment and consolidated cost of revenues	$ (32,477)	$ (15,554)	$ (63,753)	$ (28,901)

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (27,687)	$ (353,559)	$ (83,375)	$ (316,981)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Jun. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false