Form 8-K - Current report

United States

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):

November 4, 2024

Cadiz Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware

001-40579

77-0313235

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

550 S. Hope Street, Suite 2850

Los Angeles, California

90071

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (213) 271-1600

Not Applicable

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐	Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐	Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐	Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐	Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

CDZI

The NASDAQ Global Market

Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000th fractional interest in share of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share)

CDZIP

The NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On November 4, 2024, Cadiz Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a placement agent agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as placement agent (the “Placement Agent”), in connection with the Company’s offer and sale of 7,000,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”), to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering. The Company’s largest equity shareholder, Heerema International Group Services SA (“Heerema”), participated in the offering maintaining ownership of approximately 34% of the Company’s common stock. The Shares will be sold at a purchase price of $3.34 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $23.38 million. The Company is expected to receive net proceeds of approximately $21.9 million after deducting placement agent fees and transaction expenses The offering is expected to close on or about November 5, 2024, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

The Company intends to use the proceeds to advance development of its water supply and groundwater banking project which may include acquisition of equipment and materials intended to be used in construction of facilities related to its northern and/or southern pipeline projects which the Company expects to begin in 2025. Net proceeds from the offering may also be used for the equipment and materials related to wellfield infrastructure on land owned by it and its subsidiaries, business development activities, other capital expenditures, working capital, the expansion of the business and acquisitions, and general corporate purposes.

The Placement Agent Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company and the Placement Agent, including for liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), other obligations of the parties and termination provisions. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement, each of the Company’s directors and officers and Heerema have entered into “lock-up” agreements with the Placement Agent that generally prohibit, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, the sale, transfer or other disposition of securities of the Company for a period of 90 days.

The foregoing description of the material terms of the Placement Agent Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Placement Agent Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Placement Agent Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to the Placement Agent Agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties. Accordingly, the Placement Agent Agreement is incorporated herein by reference only to provide investors with information regarding the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement, and not to provide investors with any other factual information regarding the Company or its business, and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures in the Company’s periodic reports and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The offering was made pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-281507) initially filed with the SEC on August 13, 2024 and declared effective on August 22, 2024, and a prospectus supplement thereunder (the “Prospectus Supplement”).

Item 8.01. Other Events.

In connection with the filing of the Prospectus Supplement, the Company is filing a legal opinion of its counsel, Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, relating to the validity of the issuance and sale of the Shares in the offering, which opinion is attached as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.

In connection with this offering, the Company expects to enter into an Amendment No. 4 to Registration Rights Agreement with Heerema (the “Registration Rights Amendment”). The Registration Rights Amendment will amend the existing Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 23, 2022, as amended, between the Company and certain holders of the Company’s securities including Heerema by providing that all the Shares purchased by Heerema in this offering will be deemed “Registerable Securities” under the Registration Rights Agreement. The transactions with Heerema under this offering have been approved by the Audit and Risk Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

Exhibit No.		Description

10.1*		Placement Agent Agreement, dated as of November 4, 2024, by and between the Company and B. Riley Securities, Inc.

5.1		Opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP

23.1		Consent of Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP to the filing of Exhibit 5.1 herewith (included in Exhibit 5.1).

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

* Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules or exhibits upon request by the SEC.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

	CADIZ INC.

Date: November 5, 2024	By:	/s/ Stanley Speer
		Stanley Speer
		Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 5.1



	Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP
November 5, 2024	1045 W. Fulton Market, Suite 1200
	Chicago, Illinois 60607
	United States of America

Cadiz Inc.
550 S. Hope Street, Suite 2850
Los Angeles, CA 90071

Re:	Cadiz Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-3

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have requested our opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the proposed offer and sale by Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), of up to an aggregate of 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”), pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-281507) (the “Registration Statement”), which was originally filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on August 13, 2024, the base prospectus dated August 13, 2024 contained in the Registration Statement (the “Base Prospectus”), and the prospectus supplement relating to the proposed offer and sale of the Shares dated November 4, 2024 and filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act (the “Prospectus Supplement”, and together with the Base Prospectus, the “Prospectus”). We understand that the Shares are proposed to be offered and sold by the Company to certain institutional investors pursuant to a Placement Agent Agreement, dated November 4, 2024, by and between the Company and B. Riley Securities, Inc., the placement agent thereunder (the “Placement Agent Agreement”).

We have reviewed such documents and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinion set forth below, including without limitation:

1. The Registration Statement;

2. The Prospectus;

3. The certificate of incorporation of the Company, as amended, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;

4. The bylaws of the Company, as amended, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;

5. A certificate of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent date;

6. Resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), the Audit and Risk Committee of the Board and the Pricing Committee of the Board, relating to, among other matters, the registration, sale and issuance of the Shares, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;

7. The form of Placement Agent Agreement;

Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP is a limited liability partnership registered under the laws of Texas.

Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, Norton Rose Fulbright LLP, Norton Rose Fulbright Australia, Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP and Norton Rose Fulbright South Africa Inc are separate legal entities and all of them are members of Norton Rose Fulbright Verein, a Swiss verein. Norton Rose Fulbright Verein helps coordinate the activities of the members but does not itself provide legal services to clients. Details of each entity, with certain regulatory information, are available at nortonrosefulbright.com.

November 5, 2024
Page 2

8. A certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof; and

9. Such other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein.

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies. We have not independently verified such factual matters. We have assumed that there has been no oral or written modification of or amendment to any of the documents submitted to us, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of the documents submitted to us, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinion set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.

In expressing our opinion below, we have assumed, with your consent, that:

(a)

Each individual executing any of the documents submitted to us, whether on behalf of such individual or another person, is legally competent to do so;

(b)

Each individual executing any of the documents submitted to us on behalf of a party is duly authorized to do so; and

(c)

Each of the parties (other than the Company) executing any of the documents submitted to us has duly and validly executed and delivered each of such documents to which such party is a signatory, and such party’s obligations set forth therein are legal, valid and binding and are enforceable in accordance with all stated terms.

The opinion set forth below is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law (which includes reported judicial decisions interpreting the Delaware General Corporation Law), and we have not considered and express no opinion on the effect of any laws or the laws of any other state or jurisdiction, including state and federal laws relating to securities or other federal laws, or the rules and regulations of stock exchanges or any other regulatory body.

Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly and validly authorized and upon issuance, delivery and payment therefor in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 5, 2024, which is incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus Supplement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are included within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Yours very truly,

/s/ Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP

Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP

Exhibit 10.1

Execution Version

PLACEMENT AGENT AGREEMENT

November 4, 2024

B. Riley Securities, Inc.

299 Park Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, NY 10171

Ladies and Gentlemen:

1. Introduction. Cadiz, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes, pursuant to the terms of this Placement Agent Agreement (this “Agreement”) to sell to certain institutional investors (the “Purchasers”) up to an aggregate of 7,000,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company. The Company hereby confirms that B. Riley Securities, Inc (“B. Riley”) is acting as the exclusive placement agent (the “Placement Agent”) in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof.

2. Agreement to Act as Placement Agent; Placement of Shares. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained, and subject to all the terms and conditions of this Agreement:

(a) The Company hereby authorizes the Placement Agent to act as its agent to solicit offers for the purchase of all or part of the Shares from the Company in connection with the proposed offering of the Shares (the “Offering”). Until the Closing Date (as defined in Section 4 hereof), the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, solicit or accept offers to purchase Shares otherwise than through the Placement Agent.

(b) The Company hereby acknowledges that the Placement Agent, as an agent of the Company, shall use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers from potential purchasers to purchase the Shares from the Company on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Prospectus (as defined below). The Placement Agent has no authority to bind the Company with respective to any prospective offer to purchase the Shares. The Placement Agent shall use commercially reasonable efforts to assist the Company in obtaining performance by each Purchaser whose offer to purchase Shares was solicited by the Placement Agent and accepted by the Company, but the Placement Agent shall not, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, be obligated to disclose the identity of any potential purchaser or have any liability to the Company in the event any such purchase is not consummated for any reason. Under no circumstances will the Placement Agent be obligated to underwrite or purchase any Shares for its own accounts and, in soliciting offers to purchase the Shares, the Placement Agent shall act solely as the Company’s agents and not as a principal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the Placement Agent (or its affiliates) may, solely at their discretion and without any obligation to do so, purchase Shares as a principal.

(c) Subject to the provisions of this Section 2, offers for the purchase of Shares shall be solicited by the Placement Agent as agent for the Company at such times and in such amounts as the Placement Agent deems advisable. The Placement Agent shall communicate to the Company, orally or in writing, each reasonable offer to purchase Shares received by them as agents of the Company. The Company shall have the sole right to accept offers to purchase the Shares and may reject any such offer, in whole or in part. The Placement Agent shall have the right, in its discretion reasonably exercised, without notice to the Company, to reject any offer to purchase Shares received by it, in whole or in part, and any such rejection shall not be deemed a breach of this Agreement.

(d) The Shares are being sold to the Purchasers at a price of $3.34 per share.

(e) As compensation for services rendered herein, on the Closing Date, the Company shall pay the Placement Agent by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account or accounts designated by the Placement Agent, an aggregate amount equal to 7% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Shares on such Closing Date; provided, that such amount shall be equal to 2% of the aggregate gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Shares to the Purchasers identified on Schedule I attached hereto.

(f) No Shares which the Company has agreed to sell pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to have been purchased and paid for, or sold by the Company, until such Shares shall have been delivered to the Purchaser thereof against payment by such Purchaser. If the Company shall default in its obligations to deliver Shares to a Purchaser whose offer it has accepted, the Company shall indemnify and hold the Placement Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage or expense arising from or as a result of such default by the Company in accordance with Section 8 herein.

3. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Placement Agent that:

(a) The Company has prepared and filed in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and published rules and regulations thereunder (the “Rules and Regulations”) adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a “shelf” Registration Statement (as hereinafter defined) on Form S-3 (File No. 333-281507), which was declared effective by the Commission as of August 22, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), including a base prospectus relating to the securities registered pursuant to such Registration Statement (the “Base Prospectus”), and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The term “Registration Statement” as used in this Agreement means the registration statement (including all exhibits, financial schedules and all documents and information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations), as amended and/or supplemented to the date of this Agreement, including the Base Prospectus. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus (as defined below) has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the Rules and Regulations of the Commission, will file the Prospectus, with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations. The term “Prospectus” as used in this Agreement means the prospectus, in the form in which it is to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations, or, if the prospectus is not to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), the prospectus in the form included as part of the Registration Statement as of the Effective Date, except that if any revised prospectus or prospectus supplement shall be provided to the Placement Agent by the Company for use in connection with the Offering and sale of the Shares which differs from the Prospectus (whether or not such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement is required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations), the term “Prospectus” shall refer to such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, as the case may be, from and after the time it is first provided to the Placement Agent for such use. Any reference herein to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which were filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), on or before the last to occur of the Effective Date, or the date of the Prospectus, and any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment,” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include (i) the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the Effective Date or the date of the Prospectus, as the case may be, which is incorporated by reference and (ii) any such document so filed. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement to register additional securities pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Rules and Regulations (the “462(b) Registration Statement”), then any reference herein to the Registration Statement shall also be deemed to include such 462(b) Registration Statement.

(b) As of the Applicable Time (as defined below) and as of the Closing Date, neither (i) any General Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, and the Pricing Prospectus (as defined below), all considered together (collectively, the “General Disclosure Package”), (ii) any individual Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, nor (iii) the bona fide electronic road show, if any (as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) of the Rules and Regulations) or any other marketing materials, that has been made available without restriction to any person, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included or will include, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or as of the Closing Date will omit, to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations or warranties as to information contained in or omitted from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agent specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the “Placement Agent’s Information” which is defined as the information set forth in Section 17. As used in this paragraph (b) and elsewhere in this Agreement:

“Applicable Time” means 9:30 P.M., New York time, on the date of this Agreement.

“General Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the Rules and Regulations relating to the Shares in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) of the Rules and Regulations.

“Limited Use Free Writing Prospectuses” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not a General Use Free Writing Prospectus.

“Pricing Prospectus” means the Base Prospectus as amended and supplemented immediately prior to the Applicable Time, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof.

(c) No order preventing or suspending the use of any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus relating to the Offering has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act has been instituted or threatened by the Commission.

(d) At the time the Registration Statement became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; the Prospectus, at the time of its issue date and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the foregoing representations and warranties in this paragraph (d) shall not apply to information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agent specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Placement Agent’s Information.

(e) Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, if any, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Shares or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Placement Agent as described in Section 5(c), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any prospectus supplement deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified, or includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agent specifically for inclusion therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Placement Agent’s Information.

(f) The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, the Rules and Regulations and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Exchange Act and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when such documents become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, the Rules and Regulations and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Exchange Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(g) Issuer Eligibility. The Company is not an “ineligible issuer” in connection with the Offering pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the Securities Act. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the Offering other than the Prospectus and other materials, if any, permitted under the Securities Act and consistent with Section 5(b). The Company will file with the Commission all Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses (other than a “road show,” as defined in Rule 433(d)(8) of the Rules and Regulations), if any, in the time and manner required under Rules 163(b)(2) and 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations.

(h) Financial Statements. The financial statements of the Company, together with the related notes, set forth or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and fairly present the financial condition of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of operations and changes in cash flows for the periods therein specified in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) consistently applied throughout the periods involved; the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein; all non-GAAP financial information included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus complies with the requirements of Regulation G and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act; and, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there are no material off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, Item 303(b)(1)(ii)) or any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, that may have a material current or, to the Company’s knowledge, material future effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources or significant components of revenue or expenses. No other financial statements or schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

(i) Due Incorporation. Each of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation or other legal entity in good standing (or the foreign equivalent thereof) under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other legal entity in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of its properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification and has all power and authority (corporate or other) necessary to own or hold its properties and to conduct the businesses in which each is engaged, except where the failure to so qualify or be in good standing or have such power or authority would not have and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, assets or business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole (any such effect, a “Material Adverse Effect”). As used in this Agreement, “Subsidiary” shall mean a “significant subsidiary” as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X of the Commission.

(j) Subsidiaries. The membership interests or capital stock, as applicable, of each Subsidiary have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and, except to the extent set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), are owned by the Company directly, free and clear of any claim, lien, encumbrance, security interest, restriction upon voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party.

(k) Due Authorization. The Company has the full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform and to discharge its obligations hereunder and thereunder; and this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed, and delivered by the Company, and, assuming due authorization, execution, delivery, validity, legally binding effect and enforceability hereof by the counterparties hereto, this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general principles of equity and except as rights to indemnity and contribution hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws or principles of public policy.

(l) Capitalization. The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, of which 68,177,750 shares of Common Stock were outstanding as of the close of business on the date of this Agreement, and 100,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 329 shares of the Company’s Series 1 Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series 1 Preferred Stock”) and 2,300 shares of the Company’s 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), were outstanding as of the close of business of the date of this Agreement. All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Other than (i) 2,542,905 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options or reserved for issuance under the Company’s employee benefit plans, stock option and employee stock purchase plans or other employee compensation plans as such plans are in existence on the date hereof and described in the Registration Statement; (ii) 133,261 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the outstanding shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock; (iii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants; (iv) 4,262,174 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of unsecured convertible loans in a principal amount of approximately $16.3 million with a maturity date of June 30, 2027 (including interest thereon through maturity); and (v) 5,119,067 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of secured convertible loans in a principal amount of approximately $20.1 million with a maturity date of June 30, 2027 (including interest thereon through maturity); the Company has no shares of capital stock reserved for issuance. Except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), there are no preemptive or other outstanding rights, options, warrants, conversion rights, stock appreciation rights, redemption rights, repurchase rights, agreements, arrangements, calls, commitments or rights of any kind that obligate the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to issue or sell any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any securities or obligations convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for, or giving any person a right to subscribe for or acquire, any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and no securities or obligations evidencing such rights are authorized, issued or outstanding. Except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), the Company does not have outstanding any bonds, debentures, notes or other obligations the holders of which have the right to vote (or convertible into or exercisable for securities having the right to vote) with the stockholders of the Company on any matter. None of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. Except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), neither the filing of the Registration Statement nor the offering or sale of the Shares as contemplated by this Agreement gives rise to any rights for or relating to the registration of any shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company (collectively “Registration Rights”) and any person to whom the Company has granted Registration Rights, if any, has agreed not to exercise such rights until after expiration of any applicable lock-up period. The Shares to be issued and sold by the Company have been duly authorized and, when issued, delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will have been validly issued and will be fully paid and nonassessable, and the holders thereof will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders.

(m) No Default, Termination or Lien. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and compliance by the Company with the terms of this Agreement, will not (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, constitute a default under, give rise to any right of termination or other right or the cancellation or acceleration of any right or obligation or loss of a benefit under, or give rise to the creation or imposition of any lien, encumbrance, security interest, claim or charge upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject, except for such conflicts that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, nor will such actions result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws (or analogous governing instruments, as applicable) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any material violation of any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their properties or assets, except for such conflicts that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(n) No Consents. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement, except such as have been obtained prior to the Applicable Time, or as may be required under the Securities Act, the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or state securities or blue sky laws or relating to the issuance of the Shares with the Nasdaq Global Market.

(o) Independent Accountants. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), who has certified certain financial statements and related schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”). Except as pre-approved in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 10A of the Exchange Act, PwC has not been engaged by the Company to perform any “prohibited activities” (as defined in Section 10A of the Exchange Act).

(p) No Material Adverse Change. There has not occurred any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth or contemplated in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus filed prior to the date hereof.

(q) Legal Proceedings. There are no legal or governmental proceedings, actions, suits or claims pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject (i) other than proceedings accurately described in all material respects in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents) and proceedings that would not have and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) that are required to be described in the Registration Statement and are not so described; and there are no statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not described or filed as required. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof (in his or her capacity as such), is or has been the subject of any legal or governmental proceedings, actions, suits or claims of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty.

(r) Regulatory Permits. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries possesses or has applied for all certificates, authorizations, licenses, franchises, permits, orders and approvals issued or granted by the appropriate governmental or regulatory authorities, agencies, courts, commissions or other entities, whether federal, state, local or foreign, or applicable self-regulatory organizations necessary to conduct its business as currently conducted, except (i) where the failure to possess such certificates, authorizations, licenses, franchises, permits, orders and approval, individually or in the aggregate, has not and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”) and (ii) as accurately described in all material respects in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or material adverse modification of any such Material Permits (except as accurately described in all material respects in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents)), and to the Company’s knowledge, there are no facts or circumstances that would give rise to the revocation or material adverse modifications of any Material Permits.

(s) Material Contracts. Except for Material Contracts, the Company and its Subsidiaries are not party to any agreements, contracts or commitments that are material to the business, financial condition, assets or operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries that would be required to be filed pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in material default under or in material violation of, nor to the Company’s knowledge, has received written notice of termination or default under any Material Contract. For purposes of this Agreement, “Material Contract” means any contract of the Company that was filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K.

(t) Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the purchase and sale of the Shares contemplated hereby and the application of the proceeds thereof, will become an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(u) No Price Stabilization. Neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ officers, directors or affiliates has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed or intended to stabilize or manipulate the price of any security of the Company, or which caused or resulted in, or which would in the future reasonably be expected to cause or result in, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company.

(v) Title to Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real and personal property owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects of title except such as are described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents) or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries or could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents) or that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(w) No Labor Disputes. No labor problem or dispute with the employees of the Company exists, or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened or imminent, which would or would reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not aware that any key employee or significant group of employees of the Company plans to terminate employment with the Company. To the Company’s knowledge, no executive officer (as defined in Rule 501(f) of the Securities Act) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement. Except for matters which would not and would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company has not engaged in any unfair labor practice; (ii) there is (A) no unfair labor practice complaint pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company before the National Labor Relations Board, and no grievance or arbitration proceeding arising out of or under collective bargaining agreements is pending or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, (B) no strike, labor dispute, slowdown or stoppage pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company and (C) no union representation dispute currently existing concerning the employees of the Company and (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, (A) no union organizing activities are currently taking place concerning the employees of the Company and (B) there has been no violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law relating to discrimination in the hiring, promotion or pay of employees, any applicable wage or hour laws or any provision of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder concerning the employees of the Company.

(x) Taxes. The Company (i) has timely filed all necessary federal, state, local and foreign income and franchise tax returns (or timely filed applicable extensions therefore) that have been required to be filed and (ii) is not in default in the payment of any taxes which were payable pursuant to said returns or any assessments with respect thereto, other than any which the Company is contesting in good faith and for which adequate reserves have been provided and reflected in the financial statements included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), or any which would not reasonably be expected to result in, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company does not have any tax deficiency that has been or, to the Company’s knowledge, is reasonably likely to be asserted or threatened against it that would result or would reasonably be expected to result in, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(y) ERISA. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all presently applicable provisions of ERISA; no “reportable event” (as defined in ERISA) has occurred with respect to any “pension plan” (as defined in ERISA) for which the Company would have any liability; the Company has not incurred and does not expect to incur liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “pension plan” or (ii) Sections 412 or 4971 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “Code”); and each “pension plan” for which the Company would have any liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified in all material respects and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.

(z) Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any statute, rule, regulation, decision or order of any governmental agency or body or any court, relating to the use, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or relating to the protection or restoration of the environment or human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), or to the Company’s knowledge, operates any real property contaminated with any substance that is subject to any Environmental Laws, is liable for any off-site disposal or contamination pursuant to any Environmental Laws, or is subject to any claim relating to any Environmental Laws, which violation, contamination, liability or claim would or would reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; and the Company is not aware of any pending investigation which might lead to such a claim.

(aa) Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess, or have the right to use, adequate trademarks, trade names and other rights to inventions, know-how, patents, copyrights, confidential information and other intellectual property (collectively, “Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct the business now operated by them, or presently employed by them, and have not received any notice of infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property Rights, except in each case such as would not and would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(bb) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to its knowledge, any director, officer, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has: (i) used any Company funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from Company funds; (iii) caused the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to be in violation of any provision of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; or (iv) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment from Company funds.

(cc) OFAC and Similar Laws. None of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is an individual or entity (“Person”) currently the subject or target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the United States Government, including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its Subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions; and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the sale of the Shares, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiaries, joint venture partners or other Person, to knowingly fund any activities of or business with any Person, or in any country or territory, that, at the time of such funding, is the subject of Sanctions or in any other manner that will result in a violation by any Person (including any Person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions.

(dd) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are effective in all material respects to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including any consolidated Subsidiaries, is made known to its chief executive officer and chief financial officer by others within those entities. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed annual periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed annual periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date.

(ee) Accounting Controls. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting and other controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (B) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(ff) Absence of Material Changes. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, and except as may be otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there has not been (i) any Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company, (iii) any obligation, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company, which is material to the Company, (iv) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company, (v) any change in the capital stock (other than a change in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock due to grants of stock under the Company’s stock incentive plans existing on the date hereof or the issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants) or any issuance of options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights to purchase the capital stock (other than grants of stock options under the Company’s stock option plans existing on the date hereof) of the Company.

(gg) Broker’s Fees. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement and any letter of understanding between the Company and the Placement Agent) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or the Placement Agent for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares or any transaction contemplated by this Agreement.

(hh) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Company is subject to and in compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from the Nasdaq Global Market, nor has the Company received any written notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. The Shares will be duly authorized for listing on the Nasdaq Global Market immediately following the date hereof.

(ii) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof that are then in effect.

(jj) Nasdaq Stockholder Approval Rules. No approval of the stockholders of the Company under the rules and regulations of Nasdaq (including Rule 5635 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules) is required for the Company to issue and deliver the Shares to the Placement Agent.

(kk) Insurance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carries, or is covered by, insurance from reputable insurers in such amounts and covering such risks as is adequate for the conduct of its business and the value of its properties and as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries; all policies of insurance and any fidelity or surety bonds insuring the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its business, assets, employees, officers and directors are in full force and effect; the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects; there are no claims by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause that are reasonably expected to individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect; neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(ll) Eligibility to use Form S-3. The conditions for use of Form S-3 in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares, as set forth in the General Instructions thereto, have been satisfied.

(mm) Incorporated Documents. The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and were filed on a timely basis with the Commission (except to the extent such untimely filing did not affect the Company’s eligibility to use Form S-3) and none of such documents contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or in the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(nn) Compliance with Occupational Laws. To its knowledge, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries (A) is in compliance, in all material respects, with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations, treaties, statutes and codes promulgated by any and all governmental authorities (including pursuant to the Occupational Health and Safety Act) relating to the protection of human health and safety in the workplace (“Occupational Laws”); (B) has received all material permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Occupational Laws to conduct its business as currently conducted; and (C) is in compliance, in all material respects, with all terms and conditions of such permit, license or approval. No material action, proceeding, revocation proceeding, writ, injunction or claim is pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to Occupational Laws, and the Company does not have knowledge of any facts, circumstances or developments relating to its operations or cost accounting practices that could reasonably be expected to form the basis for or give rise to such actions, suits, investigations or proceedings.

(oo) Statistical Information. Any third-party statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate in all material respects.

(pp) Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in either the Registration Statement or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

(qq) FINRA Matters. Except as previously disclosed to counsel for the Placement Agent or as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, to the Company’s knowledge, no beneficial owners of the Company’s capital stock or subordinated debt who, together with their associated persons and affiliates, hold in the aggregate 10% or more of such capital stock or subordinated debt, have any direct or indirect association or affiliate with a FINRA member. In addition, the Company represents that the Company (i) has a non-affiliate, public common equity float of at least $150 million or (ii) a non-affiliate, public common equity float of at least $100 million and annual trading volume of at least three million shares.

(rr) Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company is and will be in compliance in all material respects with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules.

(ss) Six Month Period Prior to Offering. Except (i) as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has not sold, issued or distributed any shares of Common Stock during the six-month period preceding the date hereof, including any sales pursuant to Rule 144A under, or Regulation D or S of, the Securities Act, other than shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or other employee or consultant compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights, convertible preferred stock or warrants.

4. The Closing. The time and date of closing and delivery of the documents required to be delivered to the Placement Agent pursuant to Sections 5 and 7 hereof shall be on November 5, 2024 or at any other date mutually agreed upon between the Company and the Placement Agent (the “Closing Date”).

5. Further Covenants and Agreements of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with the Placement Agent and, as applicable, with the Purchasers as follows:

(a) To prepare the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if necessary, in a form approved by the Placement Agent and file such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission on the date hereof; to prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by the Placement Agent containing information previously omitted at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement in reliance on rules 430A, 430B and 430C and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations not later than the second business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations; to notify the Placement Agent promptly of the Company’s intention to file or prepare any supplement or amendment to any Registration Statement or to the Prospectus in connection with this Offering and to provide a draft of any such amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or to the Prospectus to the Placement Agent for review within an amount of time that is reasonably practical under the circumstances and prior to filing; to advise the Placement Agent, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to any Registration Statement has been filed in connection with the Offering or becomes effective or any supplement to the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus has been filed and to furnish the Placement Agent with copies thereof; to file within the time periods prescribed by the Exchange Act, including any extension thereof, all material required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) or 163(b)(2), as the case may be; to advise the Placement Agent, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus, of the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus or suspending any such qualification, and promptly to use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order.

(b) That, unless it obtains the prior consent of, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 of the Rules and Regulations unless the prior written consent of B. Riley has been received (each, a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus”). The Company represents that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and that it has and will comply with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 of the Rules and Regulations applicable to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, including the requirements relating to timely filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping.

(c) If at any time prior to the expiration of the date when a Prospectus relating to the Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, any event occurs or condition exists as a result of which the Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or the Registration Statement, as then amended or supplemented, would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or if for any other reason it is necessary at any time to amend or supplement any Registration Statement or the Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, the Company will promptly notify the Placement Agent, and upon the Placement Agent’s request, the Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission, at the Company’s expense, an amendment to the Registration Statement or an amendment or supplement to the Prospectus that corrects such statement or omission or effects such compliance. The Company consents to the use of the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto by the Placement Agent.

(d) To the extent not available on the Commission’s EDGAR system, to make generally available to its stockholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than eighteen (18) months after the effective date of each Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) of the Rules and Regulations), an earnings statement of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158).

(e) To take promptly from time to time such actions as the Placement Agent may reasonably request to qualify the Shares for offering and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Placement Agent may designate and to continue such qualifications in effect, and to comply with such laws, for so long as required to permit the offer and sale of Shares in such jurisdictions; provided that the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be obligated to qualify as foreign corporations in any jurisdiction in which they are not so qualified or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

(f) Until the Placement Agent shall have notified the Company of the completion of the Offering of the Shares, that the Company will not, and will cause its affiliated purchasers (as defined in Regulation M under the Exchange Act) not to, either alone or with one or more other persons, bid for or purchase, for any account in which it or any of its affiliated purchasers has a beneficial interest, any Shares, or attempt to induce any person to purchase any Shares; and not to, and to cause its affiliated purchasers not to, make bids or purchase for the purpose of creating actual, or apparent, active trading in or of raising the price of the Shares.

(g) Without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, that the Company will not, and will not publicly disclose an intention to, during the period ending 90 days after the Closing Date (the “Restricted Period”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause 1 or 2 above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or (3) file any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock. The restrictions contained in the foregoing sentence shall not apply to (A) the Shares to be sold hereunder, (B) the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of an option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof as described in the Prospectus, including the conversion of securities pursuant to the terms of that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of July 2, 2021, by and among the Company and Cadiz Real Estate LLC as borrowers, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, and B. Riley Securities, Inc. as administrative agent, as amended, or (C) facilitating the establishment of a trading plan on behalf of a shareholder, officer or director of the Company pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Common Stock during the Restricted Period and (ii) to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the Company regarding the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such plan during the Restricted Period.

(h) Not to take any action prior to the Closing Date which would require the Prospectus to be amended or supplemented pursuant to Section 5.

(i) To use its best efforts to list, effect and maintain, subject to notice of issuance, the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

(j) To use its best efforts to assist the Placement Agent with any filings with FINRA and obtaining any required clearance from FINRA as to the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Placement Agent.

(k) To use its best efforts to do and perform all things required to be done or performed under this Agreement by the Company prior to the Closing Date and to satisfy all conditions precedent to the delivery of the Shares.

6. Payment of Expenses. The Company agrees to pay, or reimburse if paid by the Placement Agent, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated or this Agreement is terminated: (a) the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares to the Purchasers and any taxes payable in that connection; (b) the costs incident to the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act; (c) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and distribution of the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein; (d) the reasonable and documented fees and expenses incurred in connection with securing any required review by FINRA and any filings made with FINRA; (e) any applicable listing, quotation or other fees; (f) the reasonable and documented fees and expenses (including reasonable and documented related fees and expenses of counsel for the Placement Agent) of qualifying the Shares under the securities laws of the several jurisdictions as provided in Section 5(e) and of preparing, printing and distributing wrappers and blue sky memoranda; (g) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Shares; and (h) all other costs and expenses of the Company incident to the Offering of the Shares by, or the performance of the obligations of, the Company and the Placement Agent under this Agreement (including, without limitation, the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel. In addition, the Company agrees to reimburse B. Riley for its reasonable out-of-pocket, accountable, bona fide expenses actually incurred, whether or not the Offering is consummated, provided that the Company shall not be required to pay an aggregate of more than $100,000 for such expenses, including up to $80,000 for legal fees and expenses for the B. Riley’s counsel, without the Company’s consent.

7. Conditions to the Obligations of the Placement Agent and the Purchasers, and the Sale of the Shares. The respective obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder, and the closing of the sale of the Shares, are subject to the accuracy, when made and as of the Applicable Time and on the Closing Date, of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein, to the accuracy of the statements of the Company made in any certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional terms and conditions:

(a) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof, preventing or suspending the use of any Base Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission, and all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission (to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Placement Agent; the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, if any, and the Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by, and in compliance with, the Rules and Regulations and in accordance with Section 5(a), and the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, shall have become effective immediately upon its filing with the Commission; and FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

(b) The Placement Agent shall not have discovered and disclosed to the Company on or prior to the Closing Date that the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of a fact which, in the opinion of counsel for the Placement Agent, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or that the General Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material and is necessary in order to make the statements, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.

(c) All corporate proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form and validity of each of this Agreement, the Shares, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, if any, and the Prospectus and all other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be reasonably satisfactory in all material respects to counsel for the Placement Agent, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and information that they may reasonably request.

(d) Norton Rose Fulbright LLP shall have furnished to the Placement Agent, such counsel’s written opinion, as counsel to the Company, addressed to the Placement Agent and dated the Closing Date, in the form agreed as of the date hereof.

(e) The Placement Agent shall have received on the Closing Date an opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, outside counsel for the Placement Agent, dated the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent.

(f) On the date hereof and on the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received, and the Company shall have caused to be delivered to the Placement Agent, a letter from PwC, addressed to the Placement Agent, dated as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, respectively, in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent. The letter shall not disclose any change in the condition (financial or other), earnings, operations, business or prospects of the Company from that set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), which, in the Placement Agent’s sole judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in the Placement Agent’s sole judgment, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering of the Shares as contemplated herein.

(g) The Placement Agent shall have received, and the Company shall have caused to be delivered to the Placement Agent, lock-up agreements from the persons set forth on Schedule II hereto, addressed to the Placement Agent, in the form set forth on Exhibit A hereto.

(h) The Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent, and the Purchasers a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer stating that (i) to the best of their knowledge after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects, except that any such representation or warranty shall be true and correct in all respects where such representation or warranty is qualified with respect to materiality, and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date, and (ii) there has not been, subsequent to the date of the most recent unaudited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package, any material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or any change or development that, singly or in the aggregate, would involve a material adverse change or a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, or assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, except as set forth in the Prospectus.

(i) Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the General Disclosure Package or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package as of the date hereof, (i) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall have sustained any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth in the General Disclosure Package, and (ii) there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the business, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, or results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, otherwise than as set forth in the General Disclosure Package, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii) of this paragraph (h), is, in the reasonable judgment of the Placement Agent, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the General Disclosure Package.

(j) No action shall have been taken and no law, statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental agency or body which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Shares or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any United States federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Shares or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company or its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

(k) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market or in the over-the-counter market, or trading in any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market, shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices or maximum range for prices shall have been established on any such exchange or such market by the Commission, by such exchange or market or by any other regulatory body or governmental authority having jurisdiction; (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by United States federal or state authorities or a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States; (iii) the United States shall have become engaged in hostilities, or the subject of an act of terrorism, or there shall have been an outbreak of or escalation in hostilities involving the United States, or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States; or (iv) there shall have occurred such a material adverse change in general economic, political or financial conditions (or the effect of international conditions on the financial markets in the United States shall be such) as to make it, in the reasonable judgment of the Placement Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(l) Prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent such further information, opinions, certificates, letters or documents as the Placement Agent shall have reasonably requested, including a Secretary’s Certificate.

All opinions, letters, evidence and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Placement Agent.

8. Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Placement Agent, each of their affiliates and each of their respective directors, officers, members, employees, representatives and agents and their respective affiliates, and each person, if any, who controls the Placement Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively the “Placement Agent Indemnified Parties,” and each a “Placement Agent Indemnified Party”) against any loss, claim, damage, expense or liability whatsoever (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), joint or several, to which such Placement Agent Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon (A) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto or document incorporated by reference therein, (B) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto or document incorporated by reference therein, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (C) any breach of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein or failure of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder or pursuant to any law, and shall reimburse the Placement Agent Indemnified Party promptly upon demand for any legal fees or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Placement Agent Indemnified Party in connection with investigating, or preparing to defend, or defending against, or appearing as a third party witness in respect of, or otherwise incurred in connection with, any such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding, as such fees and expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, expense or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in, or omission or alleged omission from, any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any such amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agent specifically for use therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Placement Agent’s Information. This indemnity agreement is not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability, which the Company may otherwise have and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available at law or in equity to each Placement Agent Indemnified Party.

(b) The Placement Agent shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively the “Company Indemnified Parties” and each a “Company Indemnified Party”) against any loss, claim, damage, expense or liability whatsoever (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), joint or several, to which such Company Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, or (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) of the Rules and Regulations, any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but in each case only to the extent that the untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agent specifically for use therein, which information the parties hereto agree is limited to the Placement Agent’s Information, and shall reimburse the Company Indemnified Parties for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or preparing to defend or defending against or appearing as third party witness in connection with any such loss, claim, damage, liability, action, investigation or proceeding, as such fees and expenses are incurred. This indemnity agreement is not exclusive and will be in addition to any liability which the Placement Agent might otherwise have and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available under this Agreement, at law or in equity to the Company Indemnified Parties. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8(b), in no event shall any indemnity by the Placement Agent under this Section 8(b) exceed the total compensation received by such Placement Agent in accordance with Section 2(e).

(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 8 of notice of the commencement of any action, the indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 8, notify such indemnifying party in writing of the commencement of that action; provided, however, that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have under this Section 8 except to the extent it has been materially prejudiced by such failure; and, provided, further, that the failure to notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 8. If any such action shall be brought against an indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying party thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it wishes, jointly with any other similarly notified indemnifying party, to assume the defense of such action with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party (which counsel shall not, except with the written consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party). After notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense of such action, except as provided herein, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to the indemnified party under Section 8 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense of such action other than reasonable costs of investigation; provided, however, that any indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and to participate in the defense of such action but the fees and expenses of such counsel (other than reasonable costs of investigation which shall remain the expense of the Company) shall be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (i) in the case of a Placement Agent Indemnified Party, the employment thereof has been specifically authorized in writing by the Company in the case of a claim for indemnification under Section 8(a) or Section 2(f), or (ii) such indemnified party shall have been advised by its counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, or (iii) the indemnifying party has failed to assume the defense of such action and employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party within a reasonable period of time after notice of the commencement of the action or the indemnifying party does not diligently defend the action after assumption of the defense, in which case, if such indemnified party notifies the indemnifying party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party, the indemnifying party shall not have the right to assume the defense of (or, in the case of a failure to diligently defend the action after assumption of the defense, to continue to defend) such action on behalf of such indemnified party and the indemnifying party shall be responsible for legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense of such action; provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not, in connection with any one such action or separate but substantially similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for all such indemnified parties (in addition to any local counsel), which firm shall be designated in writing by the Placement Agent if the indemnified parties under this Section 8 consist of any Placement Agent Indemnified Party or by the Company if the indemnified parties under this Section 8 consist of any Company Indemnified Party. Subject to this Section 8(c), the amount payable by an indemnifying party under Section 8 shall include, but not be limited to, (x) reasonable legal fees and expenses of counsel to the indemnified party and any other expenses in investigating, or preparing to defend or defending against, or appearing as a third party witness in respect of, or otherwise incurred in connection with, any action, investigation, proceeding or claim, and (y) all amounts paid in settlement of any of the foregoing. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of judgment with respect to any pending or threatened action or any claim whatsoever, in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section 8 (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party. Subject to the provisions of the following sentence, no indemnifying party shall be liable for settlement of any pending or threatened action or any claim whatsoever that is effected without its written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), but if settled with its written consent, or if its consent has been unreasonably withheld or delayed, or if there be a judgment for the plaintiff in any such matter, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless any indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. In addition, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested that an indemnifying party reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated herein effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than forty-five (45) days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the request for reimbursement, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least thirty (30) days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.

(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 8 is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under Section 8(a) or Section 8(b), then each indemnifying party shall, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid, payable or otherwise incurred by such indemnified party as a result of such loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof), as incurred, (i) in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other hand from the Offering of the Shares, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) of this Section 8(d) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) of this Section 8(d) but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other with respect to the statements, omissions, acts or failures to act which resulted in such loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (or any action, investigation or proceeding in respect thereof) as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other with respect to such Offering shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the Offering of the Shares purchased under this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the Placement Agent in connection with the Offering, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or the Placement Agent on the other, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement, omission, act or failure to act; provided that the parties hereto agree that the written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Placement Agent for use in any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, consists solely of the Placement Agent’s Information. The Company, the Placement Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 8(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding referred to above in this Section 8(d) shall be deemed to include, for purposes of this Section 8(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending against or appearing as a third party witness in respect of, or otherwise incurred in connection with, any such loss, claim, damage, expense, liability, action, investigation or proceeding. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8(d), the Placement Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the total compensation received by the Placement Agent in accordance with Section 2(e) less the amount of any damages which the Placement Agent have otherwise paid or become liable to pay by reason of any untrue or alleged untrue statement, omission or alleged omission, act or alleged act or failure to act or alleged failure to act. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

9. Termination. The obligations of the Placement Agent, and the Purchasers hereunder may be terminated by the Placement Agent, in its absolute discretion by notice given to the Company prior to delivery of and payment for the Shares if, prior to that time, any of the events described in Section 7(i), Section 7(j) or Section 7(k) have occurred or if the Purchasers shall decline to purchase the Shares for any reason permitted under this Agreement.

10. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

(a) the Placement Agent’s responsibility to the Company is solely contractual in nature, the Placement Agent has been retained solely to act as placement agent and qualified independent underwriter, respectively, in connection with the Offering and no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and the Placement Agent has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether the Placement Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters;

(b) the price of the Shares set forth in this Agreement was established by the Company following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Placement Agent, and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

(c) it has been advised that the Placement Agent and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that the Placement Agent has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and

(d) it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Placement Agent for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that the Placement Agent shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company, including stockholders, employees or creditors of the Company.

11. Successors; Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Placement Agent, the Company, and their respective successors and assigns. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, other than the persons mentioned in the preceding sentence, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement, or any provisions herein contained, this Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof being intended to be and being for the sole and exclusive benefit of such persons and for the benefit of no other person; except that the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and indemnities of the Company contained in this Agreement shall also be for the benefit of the Placement Agent Indemnified Parties and the indemnities of the Placement Agent shall be for the benefit of the Company Indemnified Parties.

12. Survival of Indemnities, Representations, Warranties, Etc. The respective indemnities, covenants, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the Placement Agent, as set forth in this Agreement or made by them respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Placement Agent, the Company, the Purchasers or any person controlling any of them and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Shares. Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, including without limitation any termination pursuant to Section 9, the indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 8 and the covenants, representations, warranties set forth in this Agreement shall not terminate and shall remain in full force and effect at all times.

13. Notices. All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and:

(a) if to the Placement Agent, shall be delivered or sent by mail, facsimile transmission, overnight courier or email to B. Riley, attention:

B. Riley Securities, Inc.

299 Park Avenue, 7th Floor

New York, NY 10171

Attention: General Counsel

Telephone: (212) 457-9947

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

1400 Page Mill Road

Palo Alto, CA 94304

Attention: Albert Lung

Telephone: (650) 843-7263

Email: albert.lung@morganlewis.com

(b) if to the Company, shall be delivered or sent by mail, facsimile transmission, overnight courier or email to:

Cadiz Inc.

550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850

Los Angeles, CA 90071

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Telephone: (213) 271-1600

Email: SSpeer@cadizinc.com

with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:

Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP

1045 W Fulton Market, Suite 1200

Chicago, IL 60607

Attention: Kevin Friedmann

Telephone: (312) 964-7763

Email: kevin.friedmann@nortonrosefulbright.com

14. Definition of Certain Terms. For purposes of this Agreement “business day” means any day on which the Nasdaq Stock Market is open for trading.

15. Governing Law, Agent for Service and Jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, including without limitation Section 5-1401 of the New York General Obligations Law. No legal proceeding may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which courts shall have jurisdiction over the adjudication of such matters, and the Company and the Placement Agent, each hereby consent to the jurisdiction of such courts and personal service with respect thereto. The Company and the Placement Agent, each hereby consent to personal jurisdiction, service and venue in any court in which any legal proceeding arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement is brought by any third party against the Company and the Placement Agent. The Company and the Placement Agent, each hereby waive all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding (whether based upon contract, tort or otherwise) in any way arising out of or relating to this Agreement. The Company agrees that a final judgment in any such legal proceeding brought in any such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and the Placement Agent, and may be enforced in any other courts in the jurisdiction of which the Company is or may be subject, by suit upon such judgment.

16. Placement Agent’s Information. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that, for all purposes of this Agreement, the Placement Agent’s Information consists solely of the following information in the Prospectus: the second sentence of the third paragraph on the front cover of the Prospectus Supplement and the second and third sentences in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”

17. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph, clause or provision hereof. If any section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.

18. General. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. In this Agreement, the masculine, feminine and neuter genders and the singular and the plural include one another. The section headings in this Agreement are for the convenience of the parties only and will not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended or modified, and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived, only by a writing signed by the Company and the Placement Agent, provided that the Placement Agent may waive the conditions set forth in Section 7 hereto.

19. Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument and such signatures may be delivered by facsimile.

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of the agreement between the Company and the Placement Agent, kindly indicate your acceptance in the space provided for that purpose below.

	Very truly yours,

	CADIZ INC.

	By:	/s/ Stanley E. Speer
	Name:	Stanley E. Speer
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

	ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:

	B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC.

	By:	/s/ Jimmy Baker
	Name:	Jimmy Baker
	Title:	President, Head of Capital Markets

Execution Version

Schedule I

Specified Purchasers

Execution Version

Schedule II

Persons subject to Lock-Up Agreement

Exhibit A

Form of Lock-up Agreement

Execution Version

__________, 2024

B. Riley Securities, Inc.

299 Park Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, NY 10171

Dear Madam/Sir:

As an inducement to B. Riley Securities, Inc. as the sole placement agent (“B. Riley”) to execute a placement agent agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) providing for the public offering (the “Offering”) of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, (the “Common Stock”), of Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any successor (by merger or otherwise) thereto (the “Company”), the undersigned hereby agrees that without, in each case, the prior written consent of B. Riley, during the period commencing on the date of this Lock-Up Agreement and continuing to and including the 90th day after the date of the Placement Agent Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”), the undersigned will not (1) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive Common Stock (including without limitation, Common Stock which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission) whether now owned or hereafter acquired (the “Securities”); (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the undersigned’s Securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock; or (4) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing. The foregoing restrictions are expressly agreed to and preclude the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transaction which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in a sale or disposition of the undersigned’s Securities even if such Securities would be disposed of by someone other than the undersigned. Such prohibited hedging or other transactions would include without limitation any short sale or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including without limitation any put or call option) with respect to any of the undersigned’s Securities.

The undersigned further agrees that, prior to engaging in any transaction or taking any other action that is subject to the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement during the period from the date of this Lock-Up Agreement to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, it will give notice thereof to the Company and will not consummate such transaction or take any such action unless it has received written confirmation from the Company that the Lock-Up Period has expired.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may transfer the undersigned’s Securities (i) as a bona fide gift or gifts; (ii) by will or intestate succession; (iii) to an immediate family member of the undersigned or to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the undersigned’s immediate family; (iv) pursuant to a domestic order or negotiated divorce settlement; (v) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, (1) transfers to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is a direct or indirect affiliate or (2) distribution of shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned, or to any corporation, partnership or other entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the undersigned; or (vi) if the undersigned is a trust, transfers to the beneficiary of such trust; provided, in each case, that (x) such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, (y) the transferee agrees in writing with B. Riley to be bound by the terms of this Lock-Up Agreement and (z) no filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer (other than a filing of a Form 5 made after the expiration of the Lock-Up Period). For purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, (i) “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin and (ii) “affiliate” of the undersigned shall mean any business entity that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the undersigned. The term “control” in this paragraph means beneficial ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding equity interest or share capital of an entity.

In addition, the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to (i) transactions relating to Securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the Offering; (ii) the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to a stock purchase plan in existence as of the date of this Lock-Up Agreement or the Company’s existing equity incentive plan; (iii) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (“10b5-1 Plan”) for the transfer of Securities; provided that such plan does not provide for the transfer of Securities during the Lock-Up Period and no public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act regarding the establishment of such plan shall be required or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company; (iv) the sale of the undersigned’s Securities pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan in existence as of the date of this Lock-Up Agreement; (v) the grant, exercise or settlement of any employee stock options and equity awards pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans, and the related issuances of Common Stock with respect to such stock options and equity awards; provided that such restrictions shall apply to any of the undersigned’s Securities issued upon such exercise; (vi) the exercise or conversion of any stock options or warrants issued by the Company; provided that such restrictions shall apply to any of the undersigned’s Securities issued upon such exercise; and (vii) any transfers of the undersigned’s Securities to the Company or any deemed disposition or deemed sale with respect to such Securities in connection with the full or partial payment of exercise or purchase prices and taxes or tax withholding obligations required to be paid or satisfied upon the settlement, vesting, or exercise of any equity award or warrant granted or issued by the Company, including any net exercise or broker-assisted sales of shares for the sole purpose of covering such payment, provided that such restrictions shall apply to any of the undersigned’s Securities issued to the undersigned upon such settlement, vesting or exercise.

In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company and its transfer agent and registrar are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of shares of Common Stock if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Lock-Up Agreement.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Lock-Up Agreement. All authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned. The undersigned, during the Lock-up Period, waives any registration rights or similar rights granted to the undersigned by the Company that may otherwise be exercisable as a result of the Offering.

The undersigned understands that the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this Lock-Up Agreement if (i) the Company notifies B. Riley that it does not intend to proceed with the Offering or (ii) the Placement Agent Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Common Stock to be sold thereunder.

The undersigned understands that B. Riley is entering into the Placement Agent Agreement and proceeding with the Offering in reliance upon this Lock-Up Agreement.

This Lock-Up Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

[Signature Page Follows]

Execution Version


Signature



Printed Name of Person Signing
(Indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian or trustee, or on behalf of an entity)

Signature Page of Lockup Agreement

Cover	Nov. 04, 2024
Document Type	8-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Nov. 04, 2024
Entity File Number	001-40579
Entity Registrant Name	Cadiz Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0000727273
Entity Tax Identification Number	77-0313235
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	550 S. Hope Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 2850
Entity Address, City or Town	Los Angeles
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	90071
City Area Code	213
Local Phone Number	271-1600
Written Communications	false
Soliciting Material	false
Pre-commencement Tender Offer	false
Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	CDZI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000th fractional interest in share of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share)
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000th fractional interest in share of 8.875% Series A
Trading Symbol	CDZIP
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ