Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-38022

MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		No. 46-3011414
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

1545 Route 206 South, Suite 302

Bedminster, New Jersey 07921

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

908-484-8805

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year,

if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock		MTNB		NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 3, 2024, there were 250,816,164 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended March 31, 2024

Table of Contents

		Page

PART - I FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3

Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	3

Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	14

Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	20

Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	20

PART - II OTHER INFORMATION		21

Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	21

Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS	21

Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	21

Item 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	21

Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	21

Item 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	21

Item 6.	EXHIBITS	21

PART - I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except for share data)

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)			(Audited)
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,071		$	4,787
Marketable debt securities		7,039			8,969
Restricted cash – security deposit		50			50
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,129			1,737
Total current assets		10,289			15,543

Non-current assets:
Leasehold improvements and equipment – net		1,829			1,923
Operating lease right-of-use assets – net		2,919			3,064
Finance lease right-of-use assets – net		20			21
In-process research and development		3,017			3,017
Goodwill		1,336			1,336
Restricted cash – security deposit		200			200
Total non-current assets		9,321			9,561
Total assets	$	19,610		$	25,104

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	473		$	514
Accrued expenses		839			1,447
Operating lease liabilities – current		681			656
Financing lease liabilities – current		5			5
Total current liabilities		1,998			2,622

Non-current liabilities:
Deferred tax liability		341			341
Operating lease liabilities – net of current portion		2,697			2,877
Financing lease liabilities – net of current portion		16			18
Total non-current liabilities		3,054			3,236
Total liabilities		5,052			5,858

Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock par value $0.0001 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 217,482,830 and 217,264,526 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		22			22
Additional paid-in capital		196,067			195,018
Accumulated deficit		(181,397	)		(175,573	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(134	)		(221	)
Total stockholders’ equity		14,558			19,246
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	19,610		$	25,104

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except for share and per share data)

Unaudited

	2024			2023
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Revenue:
Contract revenue	$	—		$	1,096
Costs and Expenses:
Research and development		3,446			3,970
General and administrative		2,456			2,712

Total costs and expenses		5,902			6,682

Loss from operations		(5,902	)		(5,586	)
Other income, net		78			73

Net loss	$	(5,824	)	$	(5,513	)
Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.03	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		217,358,085			217,264,526
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale		87			229
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax		87			229
Comprehensive loss	$	(5,737	)	$	(5,284	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except for share data)

Unaudited

	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			(Loss)/Income			Equity
	Common Stock				Additional Paid - in		Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			(Loss)/Income			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2023		217,264,526	$	22	$	195,018	$	(175,573	)	$	(221	)	$	19,246
Stock-based compensation		—		—		995		—			—			995
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of stock issuance cost ($2)		218,304		—		54		—			—			54
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—			87			87
Net loss		—		—		—		(5,824	)		—			(5,824	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		217,482,830	$	22	$	196,067	$	(181,397	)	$	(134	)	$	14,558

	Common Stock				Additional Paid - in		Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			(Loss)/Income			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022		217,264,526	$	22	$	190,070	$	(152,631	)	$	(824	)	$	36,637
Balance		217,264,526	$	22	$	190,070	$	(152,631	)	$	(824	)	$	36,637
Stock-based compensation		—		—		1,272		—			—			1,272
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—			229			229
Net loss		—		—		—		(5,513	)		—			(5,513	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		217,264,526	$	22	$	191,342	$	(158,144	)	$	(595	)	$	32,625
Balance		217,264,526	$	22	$	191,342	$	(158,144	)	$	(595	)	$	32,625

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

(in thousands)

Unaudited

	2024			2023
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(5,824	)	$	(5,513	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		94			93
Stock based compensation expense		995			1,272
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		145			132
Amortization of finance lease right-of-use assets		1			4
Amortization of bond discount		18			44
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities		(154	)		(132	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(393	)		2,420
Accounts payable		(41	)		(102	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(610	)		(2,305	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(5,769	)		(4,087	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities		2,000			3,000
Net cash provided by investing activities		2,000			3,000

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from public offering of common stock		54			—
Payments of finance lease liability – principal		(1	)		(4	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities		53			(4	)

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(3,716	)		(1,091	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		5,037			7,080

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	1,321		$	5,989

Supplemental non-cash financing and investing activities:
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	$	87		$	229

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1 – Description of Business

Matinas BioPharma Holdings Inc. (“Holdings”) is a Delaware corporation formed in 2013. Holdings is the parent company of Matinas BioPharma, Inc. (“BioPharma”), and Matinas BioPharma Nanotechnologies, Inc. (“Nanotechnologies,” formerly known as Aquarius Biotechnologies, Inc.), its operating subsidiaries (“Nanotechnologies”, and together with “Holdings” and “BioPharma”, “the Company”). The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a focus on identifying and developing novel pharmaceutical products.

Note 2 – Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern

The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations each period since its inception. Through March 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $181,397. The Company’s net loss was $5,824 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company has been engaged in developing its lipid nanocrystal (“LNC”) platform delivery technology and a pipeline of associated product candidates, including MAT2203 and MAT2501, since 2011. To date, the Company has not obtained regulatory approval for any of its product candidates nor generated any revenue from product sales, and the Company expects to incur significant expenses to complete development of its product candidates. The Company may never be able to obtain regulatory approval for the marketing of any of its product candidates in any indication in the United States or internationally and there can be no assurance that the Company will generate revenues or ever achieve profitability.

If the Company obtains U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval for one or more of its product candidates, the Company expects that its expenses will continue to increase once the Company reaches commercial launch. The Company also expects that its research and development expenses will continue to increase as it moves forward with additional clinical studies for its current product candidates and development of additional product candidates. As a result, the Company expects to continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future, and that these losses will be increasing.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1,071, marketable debt securities of $7,039 and restricted cash of $250. In addition, on April 5, 2024, the Company completed a registered direct offering of its common stock, raising $9,250, net of fees and expenses (see Note 13). The Company does not believe the cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities on hand are sufficient to fund planned operations beyond the next twelve months from the filing date of these financial statements. As a result, substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon control over its operating expenses, anticipated proceeds from future sales of common stock through its At-The-Market Sales Agreement (“ATM”) with BTIG, LLC. and securing additional financing. While the Company believes in the viability of this strategy and believes the actions presently being taken by the Company provide the opportunity for it to continue as a going concern, there can be no assurance the Company will be successful in its implementation. In particular, utilization of the ATM may not be viable due to market conditions and new financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Holdings and its wholly owned subsidiaries, BioPharma, and Nanotechnologies. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 3 within the Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company’s management has considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued and believes that these recent pronouncements will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Note 4 – Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities

The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents and all investments with maturities of greater than three months from date of purchase are classified as marketable debt securities. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in bank checking and savings accounts, money market funds and short-term U.S. treasury bonds that mature within three months of settlement date.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company presents restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Restricted cash at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 of $250 represents funds the Company is required to set aside as collateral, primarily for one of the Company’s operating leases.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total of the amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,071	$	4,787	$	5,739	$	6,830
Restricted cash included in current/non-current assets		250		250		250		250
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$	1,321	$	5,037	$	5,989	$	7,080

Marketable Debt Securities

The Company has classified its investments in marketable debt securities as available-for-sale and as a current asset. The Company’s investments in marketable debt securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Unrealized losses and gains are classified as other comprehensive (loss)/income and costs are determined on a specific identification basis. Realized gains and losses from our marketable debt securities are recorded in other income, net. The Company did not incur any realized gains and losses during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded unrealized gains of $87 and $229, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had net accumulated unrealized losses of $134 and $221, respectively.

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable debt securities as of March 31, 2024:

Schedule of Marketable Debt Securities

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
U.S. Government Notes	$	7,173	$	—	$	(134	)	$	7,039
Total marketable debt securities	$	7,173	$	—	$	(134	)	$	7,039

All debt securities classified as available-for-sale are due to mature within one year of March 31, 2024.

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable debt securities as of December 31, 2023:

	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bonds	$	999	$	—	$	(3	)	$	996
U.S. Government Notes		8,191		—		(218	)		7,973
Total marketable debt securities	$	9,190	$	—	$	(221	)	$	8,969

All debt securities classified as available-for-sale are due to mature within one year of December 31, 2023.

Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses the fair value hierarchy to measure the value of its financial instruments. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below:

●	Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

●	Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other model-derived valuations whose inputs are directly or indirectly observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

●	Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable and for which assumptions are used based on management estimates.

The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, current portion of restricted cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, current portion of lease liabilities and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

A summary of the assets and liabilities carried at fair value in accordance with the hierarchy defined above is as follows:


			Fair Value Hierarchy
March 31, 2024	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Marketable Debt Securities:
U.S. Government Notes	$	7,039	$	—	$	7,039	$	—
Total	$	7,039	$	—	$	7,039	$	—


			Fair Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2023	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Marketable Debt Securities:
U.S. Treasury Bonds	$	996	$	996	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government Notes		7,973		—		7,973		—
Total	$	8,969	$	996	$	7,973	$	—

U.S. treasury bonds are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices for identical assets in active markets. Marketable debt securities consisting of U.S. government notes are classified as Level 2 and are valued using quoted market prices in markets that are not active.

Note 6 – Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Leasehold improvements and equipment, summarized by major category, consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Equipment	$	2,463	$	2,463
Leasehold improvements		1,155		1,155
Total		3,618		3,618
Leasehold improvements and equipment, gross		3,618		3,618
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		1,789		1,695
Leasehold improvements and equipment, net	$	1,829	$	1,923

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $94 and $93, respectively.

Note 7 – Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued Expenses, summarized by major category, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consist of the following:

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and incentives	$	501	$	1,176
General and administrative expenses		223		196
Research and development expenses		115		75
Total	$	839	$	1,447

Note 8 – Leases

The Company has various lease agreements, including leases of office space, a laboratory and manufacturing facility, and various equipment. Some leases include purchase, termination or extension options for one or more years. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The assets and liabilities from operating and finance leases are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s incremental borrowing rates or implicit rates, when readily determinable. Short-term leases, which have an initial term of 12 months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company’s operating leases do not provide implicit rates, therefore the Company utilized a discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate to record the lease obligations. The Company’s finance leases provide readily determinable implicit rates.

Operating lease obligations

The Company incurred lease expense for its operating leases of $226 for each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company incurred amortization expense on its operating lease right-of-use assets of $145 and $132 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Finance Leases

The Company incurred interest expense on its finance leases of $1 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company incurred amortization expense on its finance lease right-of-use assets of $1 and $4 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of liabilities arising from the Company’s operating leases and finance leases as of March 31, 2024:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease Liabilities			Finance Lease Liabilities
Remainder of 2024	$	721		$	5
2025		998			7
2026		1,040			7
2027		944			7
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			—
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			-
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	4,114		$	26
Less: Imputed interest		736			5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,378		$	21

Weighted average remaining lease term in years		4.1			3.7
Weighted average discount rate		9.2	%		11.6	%

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of liabilities arising from the Company’s operating leases and finance leases as of December 31, 2023:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease Liabilities			Finance Lease Liabilities
2024	$	956		$	7
2025		998			7
2026		1,040			7
2027		944			7
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			-
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	4,349		$	28
Less: Imputed interest		816			5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,533		$	23

Weighted average remaining lease term in years		4.3			3.9
Weighted average discount rate		9.2	%		11.6	%

Note 9 – Revenue Recognition, Collaboration Agreements and Other

BioNTech Research Collaboration

On April 8, 2022, the Company entered into the BioNTech Agreement to evaluate the combination of mRNA formats utilizing the Company’s proprietary LNC platform delivery technology. Under the terms of the BioNTech Agreement, the Company received an exclusivity fee in the amount of $2,750, and BioNTech SE funded certain of the Company’s research expenses that were incurred under the agreement. The term of the agreement began on the effective date and expired on April 8, 2023.

The $2,750 license fee was recorded as deferred revenue and was recognized over the term of the contract performance obligation period, which the Company concluded to be 12 months after the execution of the contract. The clinical research services were invoiced as service revenue was earned on a monthly basis during the term of the contract.

During the first quarter of 2023, $688 of the contract research revenue was recognized from the license fee and $375 was earned from the monthly clinical research services performed by the Company. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had recognized all of contract research revenue from the BioNTech Agreement.

Genentech Feasibility Study Agreement

On December 12, 2019, the Company entered into the Genentech Agreement which involves the development of oral formulations using the Company’s LNC platform delivery technology. Under the terms of the Genentech Agreement, Genentech paid the Company a total of $100 for the development of three molecules, or $33 per molecule, which is being recognized upon the Company fulfilling its obligations for each molecule under the Genentech Agreement. The Company recorded the upfront consideration as deferred revenue, which is included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company completed its obligations related to the first and second of the three molecules. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company completed its obligations related to the remaining molecule.

Note 10 – Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company sold 218,304 and 0, respectively, shares of its common stock under the ATM with BTIG, LLC.

Warrants

As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not have any outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share because, as the Company incurred a net loss during each period presented, the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options and warrants, would have an anti-dilutive effect. The following outstanding shares of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive as of March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options		46,031,560		34,677,699
Warrants		—		238,000
Total		46,031,560		34,915,699

Note 11 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	(221	)	$	(221	)
Net unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale		87			87
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	(134	)	$	(134	)

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	(824	)	$	(824	)
Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale		229			229
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(595	)	$	(595	)

All components of accumulated other comprehensive income are net of tax.

Note 12 – Stock-based Compensation

The Company’s Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), which expired on May 7, 2024, provided for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock units, performance units, and stock purchase rights. There were no significant modifications to the Plan during the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The term of the Plan was for 10 years. The Company intends to adopt a new equity compensation plan at its 2024 Annual Meeting, pending shareholder approval.

The following table contains information about the Company’s stock plan at March 31, 2024:

Awards
Reserved for
Issuance

Awards
Issued &
Exercised

Awards
Available
for Grant

2013 Equity Compensation Plan

62,984,400

50,712,275

12,272,125

*	Increased by 8,690,581 on January 1, 2024, representing 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2023.
**	Includes both restricted stock grants and option grants

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense (options and restricted share grants) in its condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and Development	$	415	$	553
General and Administrative		580		719
Total	$	995	$	1,272

As of March 31, 2024, total compensation costs related to unvested awards not yet recognized was $6,840 and the weighted-average periods over which the awards are expected to be recognized was 2.4 years.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the activity for Company’ stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

	Stock Options
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		46,707,934
Granted		—
Exercised		—
Forfeited		—
Expired		(676,374	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		46,031,560

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

On April 5, 2024, the Company closed a registered direct offering of 33,333,334 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 33,333,334 additional shares of common stock, at a combined purchase price of $0.30 per share and accompanying warrant. The company generated gross proceeds of approximately $10,000 and net proceeds of approximately $9,250, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, particularly those under “Risk Factors.” Dollars in tabular format are presented in thousands, except per share data, or otherwise indicated.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may be beyond our control, and which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “can,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future.

There are a number of important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. These factors include, but are not limited to:

●	our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and to develop our product candidates;

●	our anticipated timing for preclinical development, regulatory submissions, commencement and completion of clinical trials and product approvals;

●	our history of operating losses in each year since inception and the expectation that we will continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future;

●	our dependence on product candidates which are still in an early development stage;

●	our reliance on our proprietary lipid nanocrystal (LNC) platform delivery technology, and certain related patents which are exclusively licensed to us by Rutgers University;

●	our ability to manufacture GMP batches of our product candidates which are required for preclinical and clinical trials and, subsequently, if regulatory approval is obtained for any of our products, our ability to manufacture commercial quantities;

●	our ability to complete required clinical trials for our lead product candidate and other product candidates and obtain approval from the FDA or other regulatory agents in different jurisdictions;

●	our dependence on third parties, including third parties to manufacture our intermediates and final product formulations and third-party contract research organizations to conduct our clinical trials;

●	our ability to maintain or protect the validity of our patents and other intellectual property;

●	our ability to retain and recruit key personnel;

●	our ability to internally develop new inventions and intellectual property;

●	interpretations of current laws and the passages of future laws;

●	our lack of a sales and marketing organization and our ability to commercialize products, if we obtain regulatory approval, whether alone or through potential future collaborators;

●	our ability to successfully commercialize, and our expectations regarding future therapeutic and commercial potential with respect to, our product candidates;

●	the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, ongoing losses, future revenue, capital requirements and our needs for or ability to obtain additional financing;

●	developments and projections relating to our competitors or our industry;

●	our operations, business and financial results could be adversely impacted by global instability caused by armed conflicts, pandemics and geo-political uncertainty; and

●	the factors listed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, elsewhere in this report and other reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report or the date of the document incorporated by reference into this report. We have no obligation, and expressly disclaim any obligation, to update, revise or correct any of the forward- looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We have expressed our expectations, beliefs and projections in good faith, and we believe they have a reasonable basis. However, we cannot assure you that our expectations, beliefs or projections will result or be achieved or accomplished.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on delivering groundbreaking therapies using our lipid nanocrystal (LNC) platform delivery technology (LNC Platform). We are seeking to develop an internal pipeline of products utilizing the LNC Platform to successfully encapsulate small molecules and small oligonucleotides and facilitate targeted and extrahepatic delivery to desired cell tissues without toxicity.

Key elements of our strategy include:

	●	Advancing MAT2203 into the ORALTO trial for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with limited treatment options by securing a development and/or commercial partner. This initial indication is designed to be a gateway indication to establish the pharmacodynamic bridge necessary to expand the use of MAT2203 into other indications to treat deadly invasive fungal infections (e.g., mucormycosis, candidiasis and the endemic mycoses) through limited additional clinical work under a 505(b)(2) pathway, thereby making MAT2203 a pipeline in a product.

	●	Expanding the utilization of our LNC Platform with other small molecules and small oligonucleotides into inflammation and oncology in order to develop an internal pipeline of differentiated drug candidates. Oral, extrahepatic and non-toxic intracellular delivery of these molecules would represent a significant advancement.

	●	Building an external pipeline of collaborations focused on our LNC Platform with leading pharmaceutical companies to provide delivery solutions for their complex small molecules and small oligonucleotides, including ASOs and siRNAs.

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our net loss was $5,824 and $5,513, respectively. We have incurred losses for each period from our inception and expect to incur additional losses for the foreseeable future. We do not believe the cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities on hand are sufficient to fund planned operations beyond the next twelve months from the filing date of these financial statements. We seek to fund our operations through public or private equity offerings, debt financing, government or other third-party funding, collaborations and licensing arrangements. These financing alternatives may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. As a result, substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated $0 and $1,096, respectively, in contract research revenue resulting from the research collaborations with BioNTech SE and Genentech Inc. Our ability to generate product revenue, which we do not expect to occur for many years, if ever, will depend heavily on the successful development and eventual commercialization of our early-stage product candidates.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the development of product candidate MAT2203 and advancement of our LNC platform delivery technology, which include:

●	the cost of conducting pre-clinical work;

●	the cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing pre-clinical and human clinical trial materials;

●	costs for consultants and contractors associated with Chemistry and Manufacturing Controls (CMC), pre-clinical and clinical activities and regulatory operations;

●	expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations, or CROs, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), that conduct our pre-clinical or clinical trials; and

●	employee-related expenses, including salaries and stock-based compensation expense for those employees involved in the research and development process.

The table below summarizes our direct research and development expenses for our product candidates and development platform for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Our direct research and development expenses consist principally of external costs, such as fees paid to contractors, consultants, analytical laboratories and CROs and/or the NIH, in connection with our development work. We typically use our employee and infrastructure resources for manufacturing clinical trial materials, conducting product analysis, study protocol development and overseeing outside vendors. Included in “Internal staffing, overhead and other” below is the cost of laboratory space, supplies, research and development (R&D) employee costs (including stock-based compensation), travel and medical education.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Direct research and development expenses:
Manufacturing process development	$	270	$	304
Preclinical trials		436		162
Clinical development		156		528
Regulatory		81		193
Internal staffing, overhead and other		2,503		2,783
Total research and development	$	3,446	$	3,970

Research and development activities are central to our business model. We expect our research and development expenses to increase over time because product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage human trials. However, we anticipate that our research and development expenses during 2024 will be lower compared with expenses incurred during 2023 until such time as we are able to secure additional funding to support initiation of our ORALTO trial for MAT2203 and advancement of our LNC platform delivery technology.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $2,456 and $2,712, respectively. General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive and finance functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs, insurance, investor relations expenses, professional fees for legal, patent review, consulting and accounting/audit services. We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses during 2024 will decrease slightly compared to expenses incurred during 2023.

Other Income, net

Other income, net is largely comprised of interest income/(expense) and dividends.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Accounting Estimates

A critical accounting policy is one that is both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operation and requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

For a description of our significant accounting policies, refer to “Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2023 Form 10-K. Of these policies, the following are considered critical to an understanding of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as they require the application of the most difficult, subjective and complex judgments: (i) Research and development costs, and (ii) Goodwill and other intangible assets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to “Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our financial positions and results of operations.

Current Operating Trends

Our current R&D efforts are focused on advancing our lead LNC product candidate, MAT2203, through clinical development toward an initial indication for the treatment of CM and expanding application of our LNC Platform through both internal efforts and collaborations with third parties. Our R&D expenses consist of manufacturing work and the cost of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients used in such work, fees paid to consultants for work related to clinical trial design and regulatory activities, fees paid to providers for conducting various clinical studies as well as for the analysis of the results of such studies, and for other medical research addressing the potential efficacy and safety of our drugs. We believe that significant investment in product development is a competitive necessity, and we plan to continue these investments to be in a position to realize the potential of our product candidates and proprietary technologies.

We expect that most of our R&D expenses in the near-term future will be incurred in support of our current and future preclinical and clinical development programs. These expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties relating to timing and cost to completion. We test compounds in numerous preclinical studies for safety, toxicology, and efficacy. At the appropriate time, subject to the approval of regulatory authorities, we expect to conduct early-stage clinical trials. We anticipate funding these trials ourselves, and possibly with the assistance of federal grants, contracts, or other agreements. As we obtain results from trials, we may elect to discontinue or delay clinical trials for certain products to focus our resources on more promising products. Completion of clinical trials may take several years, and the length of time varies substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate.

The commencement and completion of clinical trials for our products may be delayed by many factors, including lack of efficacy during clinical trials, unforeseen safety issues, slower than expected participant recruitment, lack of funding or government delays. In addition, we may encounter regulatory delays or rejections as a result of many factors, including results that do not support the intended safety or efficacy of our product candidates, perceived defects in the design of clinical trials and changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, we are unable to accurately estimate the specific timing and costs of our clinical development programs or the timing of material cash inflows, if any, from our product candidates. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any delays in, or termination of, our clinical trials or a determination by the FDA that the results of our trials are inadequate to justify regulatory approval, insofar as cash in-flows from the relevant drug or program would be delayed or would not occur.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2024 to the three months ended March 31, 2023

The following tables summarize our revenues and operating expenses for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues	$	—	$	1,096

Expenses:
Research and development	$	3,446	$	3,970
General and administrative		2,456		2,712
Operating Expenses	$	5,902	$	6,682

Revenues. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated revenue of $0 and $1,096. The amount earned during the prior year resulted from the exclusive research collaborations with BioNTech SE and Genentech Inc.

Research and Development expenses. Research and Development (R&D) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3,446 and $3,970, respectively. The decrease in R&D expense was primarily attributable to the decrease in clinical trial consulting costs and in headcount costs.

General and Administrative expenses. General and Administrative (G&A) expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2,456 and $2,712, respectively. The decrease in G&A expense was primarily attributable to lower stock based compensation expense and decreased insurance premiums.

Liquidity and capital resources

Sources of Liquidity

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through private placements and public offerings of our equity securities. As of March 31, 2024, we have raised a total of $156,907 in gross proceeds and $144,195, net, from sales of our equity securities.

As of March 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities totaling $8,110.

2024 Registered Direct Offering

On April 5, 2024, the Company closed a registered direct offering of 33,333,334 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 33,333,334 additional shares of common stock, at a combined purchase price of $0.30 per share and accompanying warrant. The Company generated gross proceeds of approximately $10,000 and net proceeds of approximately $9,250, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for each of the periods set forth below:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Cash used in operating activities	$	(5,769	)	$	(4,087	)
Cash provided by investing activities		2,000			3,000
Cash provided by/(used in) financing activities		53			(4	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(3,716	)	$	(1,091	)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $5,769 and $4,087 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net losses of $5,824 and $5,513 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were partially offset by working capital adjustments due to the timing of receipts and payments in the ordinary course of business and adjustments for non-cash stock based compensation expense.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $2,000 and $3,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease of cash provided by investing activities was due to a $1,000 decrease in maturities of marketable debt securities.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities was $53 and ($4) for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in cash provided by financing activities is primarily due to the proceeds from the sale of our common stock under the ATM with BTIG, LLC.

Funding Requirements and Other Liquidity Matters

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially if and as we:

●	conduct further preclinical and clinical studies of MAT2203, our lead product candidate, even if such studies are primarily financed with non-dilutive funding from the NIH;

●	seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;

●	seek regulatory approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;

●	require the manufacture of larger quantities of product candidates for clinical development and potentially commercialization;

●	maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio;

●	hire additional clinical, quality control and scientific personnel; and

●	add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development and planned future commercialization efforts and personnel and infrastructure necessary to help us comply with our obligations as a public company.

We do not expect that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable debt securities will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements beyond the next twelve months from the filing date of these financial statements. As a result, substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Until such time, if ever, that we can generate product revenues sufficient to achieve profitability, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of private and public equity offerings, debt financings, government or other third-party funding, collaborations, and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders may be materially diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends, that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. Securing additional financing could require a substantial amount of time and attention from our management and may divert a disproportionate amount of their attention away from day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our management’s ability to oversee the development of our product candidates.

If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or marketing, distribution, or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Our financial condition and results of operations may also be impacted by other factors we may not be able to control, such as global supply chain disruptions, global trade disputes and/or political instability. Increases in interest rates, especially if coupled with reduced government spending and volatility in financial markets, may have the effect of further increasing economic uncertainty and heightening these risks. Additionally, rising inflation rates may affect us by increasing operating expenses, such as employee-related costs and clinical trial expenses, negatively impacting our results of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules, such as relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, which are often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating financing transactions that are not required to be reflected on our balance sheets.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

As of March 31, 2024, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer we have evaluated, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2024.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the above evaluation that occurred during the first quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

None.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Except as set forth below, there were no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A., “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. You should carefully consider the risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 in addition to the other information set forth in this report which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks and uncertainties described in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as well as other reports and statements that we file with the SEC, are not the only risks and uncertainties facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

Item 6. EXHIBITS.

See the Exhibit Index following the signature page to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.

	BY:

	/s/ Jerome D. Jabbour
Dated: May 9, 2024	Jerome D. Jabbour
	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

	/s/ Keith A. Kucinski
Dated: May 9, 2024	Keith A. Kucinski
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX

3.1		Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 7, 2014).
3.2		Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on February 7, 2014).
3.3		Certificate of Amendment, dated October 29, 2015 to Certificate of Incorporation. (incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 5, 2015).
4.1		Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 5, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 5, 2024).
*4.6		Description of Securities.
10.1		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 2, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 5, 2024).
10.2		Placement Agency Agreement, dated April 2, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 5, 2024).
*31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer
*31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer
*32.1		Section 1350 Certifications

*101.1		Inline XBRL Instance Document.
*101.2		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.3		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.4		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*101.5		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.6		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* Filed herewith.

† Indicates a management contract or compensation plan, contract or arrangement. Certain portions of this exhibit, that are not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed, have been redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K.

Exhibit 4.6

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

The following is a description of our common stock and preferred stock as set forth in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each of which are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K to which this Exhibit 4.6 is a part. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of our aforementioned certificate of incorporation and bylaws and by applicable law.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

The additional shares of our authorized stock available for issuance might be issued at times and under circumstances so as to have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and on the equity ownership of the holders of our common stock. The ability of our board of directors to issue additional shares of stock could enhance the board’s ability to negotiate on behalf of the stockholders in a takeover situation but could also be used by the board to make a change-in-control more difficult, thereby denying stockholders the potential to sell their shares at a premium and entrenching current management. The following description is a summary of the material provisions of our capital stock. You should refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws, both of which are on file with the SEC as exhibits to previous SEC filings, for additional information. The summary below is qualified by provisions of applicable law.

Common Stock

Voting. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters on which the holders are entitled to vote (or consent to).

Dividends. The holders of our common stock are entitled to receive, ratably, dividends only if, when and as declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor and after provision is made for each class of capital stock having preference over the common stock (including the common stock).

Liquidation Rights. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share, ratably, in all assets remaining available for distribution after payment of all liabilities and after provision is made for each class of capital stock having preference over the common stock (including the common stock).

Conversion Rights. The holders of our common stock have no conversion rights.

Preemptive and Similar Rights. The holders of our common stock have no preemptive or similar rights.

Redemption/Put Rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All of the outstanding shares of our common stock are fully-paid and nonassessable.

Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, with such designations, rights, and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors. Accordingly, our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting, or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of restricting dividends on our common stock, diluting the voting power of our common stock, impairing the liquidation rights of our common stock, or delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, all without further action by our stockholders.

Our board of directors has the authority, within the limitations and restrictions prescribed by law and without stockholder approval, to provide by resolution for the issuance of shares of preferred stock, and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preference and the number of shares constituting any series of the designation of such series, by delivering an appropriate certificate of amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to the Delaware Secretary of State pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock, impeding or delaying a possible takeover and adversely affecting the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

If we offer a specific series of preferred stock under this prospectus, we will describe the terms of the preferred stock in the prospectus supplement for such offering and will file a copy of the certificate establishing the terms of the preferred stock with the SEC. To the extent required, this description will include:

●	the title and stated value;

●	the number of shares offered, the liquidation preference per share and the purchase price;

●	the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s), or method(s) of calculation for such dividends;

●	whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

●	the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;

●	the provisions for a sinking fund, if any;

●	the provisions for redemption, if applicable;

●	any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

●	whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price (or how it will be calculated) and conversion period;

●	whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price (or how it will be calculated) and exchange period;

●	voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;

●	a discussion of any material and/or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

●	the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of Matinas; and

●	any material limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Matinas.

Transfer Agent and Registrar for Preferred Stock. The transfer agent and registrar for any series or class of preferred stock will be set forth in each applicable prospectus supplement.

Anti-takeover Effects of Delaware Law and of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

The following paragraphs summarize certain provisions of the DGCL and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that may have the effect of discouraging an acquisition of Matinas. The summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws, copies of which are on file with the SEC. Please refer to “Additional Information” below for directions on obtaining these documents.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

●	before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

●	upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

●	on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:

●	any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

●	any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

●	subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

●	any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

●	the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or tender offers or delaying or preventing a change of control of our company. These provisions are as follows:

●	they provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called only by the board of directors, President or our Chairman of the board of directors, or at the request in writing by stockholders of record owning at least fifty (50%) percent of the issued and outstanding voting shares of common stock;

●	they do not include a provision for cumulative voting in the election of directors. Under cumulative voting, a minority stockholder holding a sufficient number of shares may be able to ensure the election of one or more directors. The absence of cumulative voting may have the effect of limiting the ability of minority stockholders to effect changes in our board of directors; and

●	they allow us to issue “blank check” preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval.

Potential Effects of Authorized but Unissued Stock

We have shares of common stock and preferred stock available for future issuance without stockholder approval. We may utilize these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, to facilitate corporate acquisitions or payment as a dividend on the capital stock.

The existence of unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock may enable our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management or to issue preferred stock with terms that could render more difficult or discourage a third-party attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, thereby protecting the continuity of our management. In addition, the board of directors has the discretion to determine designations, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences of each series of preferred stock, all to the fullest extent permissible under the DGCL and subject to any limitations set forth in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The purpose of authorizing the board of directors to issue preferred stock and to determine the rights and preferences applicable to such preferred stock is to eliminate delays associated with a stockholder vote on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible financings, acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or could discourage a third-party from acquiring, a majority of our outstanding voting stock.

DESCRIPTION OF STOCK WARRANTS

Warrants

The following is a summary of the material terms and provisions of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock issued on April 4, 2024 (the “Warrants”). The summary is subject to and qualified in its entirety by the form of Warrant, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K on April 4, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein.

Duration and Exercise Price

The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.35 per share. The Warrants are exercisable six months from the date of issuance, April 2, 2024, and will be exercisable for five and one-half years from the date of issuance. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise are subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of share dividends, share splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our shares of common stock. Warrants are issued in certificated form only.

Exercisability

The Warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such holder’s warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding shares of common stock after exercising the holder’s Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Warrants. Purchasers in the April 2024 offering may also elect prior to the issuance of Warrants to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock.

Cashless Exercise

If at the time of exercise of the Warrant there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant, then the Warrants will only be exercisable on a “cashless exercise” basis under which the holder will receive upon such exercise a net number of common shares determined according to a formula set forth in the Warrants.

Fundamental Transactions

In the event of any fundamental transaction, as described in the Warrants and generally including any merger with or into another entity, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, tender offer or exchange offer, or reclassification of our shares of common stock, then upon any subsequent exercise of a Warrant, the holder will have the right to receive as alternative consideration, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of common stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of our company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable upon or as a result of such transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock for which the Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such event. In certain circumstances, the holder will have the right to receive the Black Scholes Value of the warrant calculated pursuant to a formula set forth in the Warrants, payable either in cash or in the same type or form of consideration that is being offered and being paid to the holders of our common stock as described in the Warrants.

Transferability

In accordance with its terms and subject to applicable laws, a Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer and payment of funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes (if applicable).

Fractional Shares

No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon the exercise of the Warrants. Rather, the number of shares of common stock to be issued will, at our election, either be rounded up to the nearest whole number or we will pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the exercise price.

Trading Market

There is no established trading market for the Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for a listing for the Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Warrants will be limited.

Rights as a Shareholder

Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants or by virtue of the holders’ ownership of shares of common stock, the holders of Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our shares of common stock, including any voting rights, until such Warrant holders exercise their warrants.

Listing on NYSE American

Our common stock is listed on NYSE American under the symbol “MTNB”. There is no established public trading market for the Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not intend to apply for a listing for the Warrants on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Warrants will be limited.

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Jerome D. Jabbour, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Jerome D. Jabbour
	Name:	Jerome D. Jabbour
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Keith A. Kucinski, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc.;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Keith A. Kucinski
	Name:	Keith A. Kucinski
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATIONS

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officers of Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certify that to their knowledge and in their respective capacities that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q to which this certification is attached (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Jerome D. Jabbour
	Name:	Jerome D. Jabbour
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Keith A. Kucinski
	Name:	Keith A. Kucinski
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for any purpose, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc. and will be retained by Matinas BioPharma Holdings, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	May 03, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-38022
Entity Registrant Name	MATINAS BIOPHARMA HOLDINGS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001582554
Entity Tax Identification Number	46-3011414
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	1545 Route 206 South
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 302
Entity Address, City or Town	Bedminster
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	07921
City Area Code	908
Local Phone Number	484-8805
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	MTNB
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		250,816,164

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,071	$ 4,787
Marketable debt securities	7,039	8,969
Restricted cash – security deposit	50	50
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,129	1,737
Total current assets	10,289	15,543
Non-current assets:
Leasehold improvements and equipment – net	1,829	1,923
Operating lease right-of-use assets – net	2,919	3,064
Finance lease right-of-use assets – net	20	21
In-process research and development	3,017	3,017
Goodwill	1,336	1,336
Restricted cash – security deposit	200	200
Total non-current assets	9,321	9,561
Total assets	19,610	25,104
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	473	514
Accrued expenses	839	1,447
Operating lease liabilities – current	681	656
Financing lease liabilities – current	5	5
Total current liabilities	1,998	2,622
Non-current liabilities:
Deferred tax liability	341	341
Operating lease liabilities – net of current portion	2,697	2,877
Financing lease liabilities – net of current portion	16	18
Total non-current liabilities	3,054	3,236
Total liabilities	5,052	5,858
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock par value $0.0001 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 217,482,830 and 217,264,526 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	22	22
Additional paid-in capital	196,067	195,018
Accumulated deficit	(181,397)	(175,573)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(134)	(221)
Total stockholders’ equity	14,558	19,246
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 19,610	$ 25,104

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	217,482,830	217,264,526
Common stock, shares outsatnding	217,482,830	217,264,526

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue:
Contract revenue		$ 1,096
Costs and Expenses:
Research and development	3,446	3,970
General and administrative	2,456	2,712
Total costs and expenses	5,902	6,682
Loss from operations	(5,902)	(5,586)
Other income, net	78	73
Net loss	$ (5,824)	$ (5,513)
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.03)	$ (0.03)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.03)	$ (0.03)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	217,358,085	217,264,526
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	217,358,085	217,264,526
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale	$ 87	$ 229
Other comprehensive gain, net of tax	87	229
Comprehensive loss	$ (5,737)	$ (5,284)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 22	$ 190,070	$ (152,631)	$ (824)	$ 36,637
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	217,264,526
Stock-based compensation		1,272			1,272
Other comprehensive income				229	229
Net loss			(5,513)		(5,513)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 22	191,342	(158,144)	(595)	32,625
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023	217,264,526
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 22	195,018	(175,573)	(221)	19,246
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	217,264,526
Stock-based compensation		995			995
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of stock issuance cost ($2)		54			54
Issuance of common stock in public offering, net of stock issuance cost ($2) , shares	218,304
Other comprehensive income				87	87
Net loss			(5,824)		(5,824)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 22	$ 196,067	$ (181,397)	$ (134)	$ 14,558
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2024	217,482,830

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Stock issuance cost	$ 2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (5,824)	$ (5,513)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	94	93
Stock based compensation expense	995	1,272
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	145	132
Amortization of finance lease right-of-use assets	1	4
Amortization of bond discount	18	44
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities	(154)	(132)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(393)	2,420
Accounts payable	(41)	(102)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(610)	(2,305)
Net cash used in operating activities	(5,769)	(4,087)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities	2,000	3,000
Net cash provided by investing activities	2,000	3,000
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from public offering of common stock	54
Payments of finance lease liability – principal	(1)	(4)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	53	(4)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(3,716)	(1,091)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	5,037	7,080
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	1,321	5,989
Supplemental non-cash financing and investing activities:
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	$ 87	$ 229

Description of Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business

Note 1 – Description of Business

Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern

Note 2 – Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities

Note 4 – Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,071	$	4,787	$	5,739	$	6,830
Restricted cash included in current/non-current assets		250		250		250		250
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$	1,321	$	5,037	$	5,989	$	7,080

Marketable Debt Securities

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable debt securities as of March 31, 2024:

Schedule of Marketable Debt Securities

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
U.S. Government Notes	$	7,173	$	—	$	(134	)	$	7,039
Total marketable debt securities	$	7,173	$	—	$	(134	)	$	7,039

All debt securities classified as available-for-sale are due to mature within one year of March 31, 2024.

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable debt securities as of December 31, 2023:

	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bonds	$	999	$	—	$	(3	)	$	996
U.S. Government Notes		8,191		—		(218	)		7,973
Total marketable debt securities	$	9,190	$	—	$	(221	)	$	8,969

All debt securities classified as available-for-sale are due to mature within one year of December 31, 2023.

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements

●	Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

●	Level 2 – Quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other model-derived valuations whose inputs are directly or indirectly observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

●	Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable and for which assumptions are used based on management estimates.

A summary of the assets and liabilities carried at fair value in accordance with the hierarchy defined above is as follows:


			Fair Value Hierarchy
March 31, 2024	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Marketable Debt Securities:
U.S. Government Notes	$	7,039	$	—	$	7,039	$	—
Total	$	7,039	$	—	$	7,039	$	—


			Fair Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2023	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Marketable Debt Securities:
U.S. Treasury Bonds	$	996	$	996	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government Notes		7,973		—		7,973		—
Total	$	8,969	$	996	$	7,973	$	—

Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Note 6 – Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Leasehold improvements and equipment, summarized by major category, consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Equipment	$	2,463	$	2,463
Leasehold improvements		1,155		1,155
Total		3,618		3,618
Leasehold improvements and equipment, gross		3,618		3,618
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		1,789		1,695
Leasehold improvements and equipment, net	$	1,829	$	1,923

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $94 and $93, respectively.

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Note 7 – Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued Expenses, summarized by major category, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consist of the following:

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and incentives	$	501	$	1,176
General and administrative expenses		223		196
Research and development expenses		115		75
Total	$	839	$	1,447

Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases

Leases

Note 8 – Leases

Operating lease obligations

Finance Leases

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of liabilities arising from the Company’s operating leases and finance leases as of March 31, 2024:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease Liabilities			Finance Lease Liabilities
Remainder of 2024	$	721		$	5
2025		998			7
2026		1,040			7
2027		944			7
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			—
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			-
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	4,114		$	26
Less: Imputed interest		736			5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,378		$	21

Weighted average remaining lease term in years		4.1			3.7
Weighted average discount rate		9.2	%		11.6	%

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of liabilities arising from the Company’s operating leases and finance leases as of December 31, 2023:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease Liabilities			Finance Lease Liabilities
2024	$	956		$	7
2025		998			7
2026		1,040			7
2027		944			7
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			-
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	4,349		$	28
Less: Imputed interest		816			5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,533		$	23

Weighted average remaining lease term in years		4.3			3.9
Weighted average discount rate		9.2	%		11.6	%

Revenue Recognition, Collaboration Agreements and Other

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue Recognition Collaboration Agreements And Other

Revenue Recognition, Collaboration Agreements and Other

Note 9 – Revenue Recognition, Collaboration Agreements and Other

BioNTech Research Collaboration

Genentech Feasibility Study Agreement

Stockholders’ Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

Note 10 – Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company sold 218,304 and 0, respectively, shares of its common stock under the ATM with BTIG, LLC.

Warrants

As of March 31, 2024, the Company did not have any outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options		46,031,560		34,677,699
Warrants		—		238,000
Total		46,031,560		34,915,699

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Note 11 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	(221	)	$	(221	)
Net unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale		87			87
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	(134	)	$	(134	)

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	(824	)	$	(824	)
Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale		229			229
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(595	)	$	(595	)

All components of accumulated other comprehensive income are net of tax.

Stock-based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation

Note 12 – Stock-based Compensation

The following table contains information about the Company’s stock plan at March 31, 2024:

Awards
Reserved for
Issuance

Awards
Issued &
Exercised

Awards
Available
for Grant

2013 Equity Compensation Plan

62,984,400

50,712,275

12,272,125

*	Increased by 8,690,581 on January 1, 2024, representing 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2023.
**	Includes both restricted stock grants and option grants

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense (options and restricted share grants) in its condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and Development	$	415	$	553
General and Administrative		580		719
Total	$	995	$	1,272

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the activity for Company’ stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

	Stock Options
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		46,707,934
Granted		—
Exercised		—
Forfeited		—
Expired		(676,374	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		46,031,560

Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,071	$	4,787	$	5,739	$	6,830
Restricted cash included in current/non-current assets		250		250		250		250
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$	1,321	$	5,037	$	5,989	$	7,080

Schedule of Marketable Debt Securities

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable debt securities as of March 31, 2024:

Schedule of Marketable Debt Securities

	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized (Loss)			Fair Value
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
U.S. Government Notes	$	7,173	$	—	$	(134	)	$	7,039
Total marketable debt securities	$	7,173	$	—	$	(134	)	$	7,039

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable debt securities as of December 31, 2023:

	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gain		(Loss)			Fair Value
U.S. Treasury Bonds	$	999	$	—	$	(3	)	$	996
U.S. Government Notes		8,191		—		(218	)		7,973
Total marketable debt securities	$	9,190	$	—	$	(221	)	$	8,969

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities

A summary of the assets and liabilities carried at fair value in accordance with the hierarchy defined above is as follows:


			Fair Value Hierarchy
March 31, 2024	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Marketable Debt Securities:
U.S. Government Notes	$	7,039	$	—	$	7,039	$	—
Total	$	7,039	$	—	$	7,039	$	—


			Fair Value Hierarchy
December 31, 2023	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Marketable Debt Securities:
U.S. Treasury Bonds	$	996	$	996	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government Notes		7,973		—		7,973		—
Total	$	8,969	$	996	$	7,973	$	—

Leasehold Improvements and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Leasehold Improvements and Equipment

Leasehold improvements and equipment, summarized by major category, consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Equipment	$	2,463	$	2,463
Leasehold improvements		1,155		1,155
Total		3,618		3,618
Leasehold improvements and equipment, gross		3,618		3,618
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		1,789		1,695
Leasehold improvements and equipment, net	$	1,829	$	1,923

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses, summarized by major category, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consist of the following:

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and incentives	$	501	$	1,176
General and administrative expenses		223		196
Research and development expenses		115		75
Total	$	839	$	1,447

Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases

Schedule of Maturity of Operating and Finance Liabilities

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of liabilities arising from the Company’s operating leases and finance leases as of March 31, 2024:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease Liabilities			Finance Lease Liabilities
Remainder of 2024	$	721		$	5
2025		998			7
2026		1,040			7
2027		944			7
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			—
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			-
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	4,114		$	26
Less: Imputed interest		736			5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,378		$	21

Weighted average remaining lease term in years		4.1			3.7
Weighted average discount rate		9.2	%		11.6	%

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of liabilities arising from the Company’s operating leases and finance leases as of December 31, 2023:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Lease Liabilities			Finance Lease Liabilities
2024	$	956		$	7
2025		998			7
2026		1,040			7
2027		944			7
2028		273			—
Thereafter		138			-
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	4,349		$	28
Less: Imputed interest		816			5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	3,533		$	23

Weighted average remaining lease term in years		4.3			3.9
Weighted average discount rate		9.2	%		11.6	%

Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earning Per Share

	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options		46,031,560		34,677,699
Warrants		—		238,000
Total		46,031,560		34,915,699

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	(221	)	$	(221	)
Net unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale		87			87
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	(134	)	$	(134	)

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	(824	)	$	(824	)
Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale		229			229
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(595	)	$	(595	)

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Equtiy Compensation Plan by Arrangements

The following table contains information about the Company’s stock plan at March 31, 2024:

Awards
Reserved for
Issuance

Awards
Issued &
Exercised

Awards
Available
for Grant

2013 Equity Compensation Plan

62,984,400

50,712,275

12,272,125

*	Increased by 8,690,581 on January 1, 2024, representing 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2023.
**	Includes both restricted stock grants and option grants

Schedule of Recognized Stock Based Compensation

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense (options and restricted share grants) in its condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and Development	$	415	$	553
General and Administrative		580		719
Total	$	995	$	1,272

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the activity for Company’ stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

	Stock Options
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		46,707,934
Granted		—
Exercised		—
Forfeited		—
Expired		(676,374	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2024		46,031,560

Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 05, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accumulated deficit		$ 181,397		$ 175,573
Net loss		5,824	$ 5,513
Cash and cash equivalents		1,071	5,739	4,787	$ 6,830
Marketable securities		7,039		8,969
Restricted cash		$ 250	$ 250	$ 250	$ 250
Subsequent Event [Member]
Net proceeds from issuance of stock	$ 9,250

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,071	$ 4,787	$ 5,739	$ 6,830
Restricted cash included in current/non-current assets	250	250	250	250
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows	$ 1,321	$ 5,037	$ 5,989	$ 7,080

Schedule of Marketable Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	$ 7,173	$ 9,190
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(134)	(221)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale	7,039	8,969
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost	7,173	8,191
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	(134)	(218)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale	$ 7,039	7,973
US Treasury Securities [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost		999
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax		(3)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale		$ 996

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 250	$ 250	$ 250	$ 250
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale	87	$ 229
Accumulated unrealized losses	$ 134		$ 221

Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total	$ 7,039	$ 8,969
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total		996
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total	7,039	7,973
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total	7,039	7,973
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total	7,039	7,973
US Government Agencies Debt Securities [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total
US Treasury Securities [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total		996
US Treasury Securities [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total		996
US Treasury Securities [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total
US Treasury Securities [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total

Schedule of Leasehold Improvements and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold improvements and equipment, gross	$ 3,618	$ 3,618
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	1,789	1,695
Leasehold improvements and equipment, net	1,829	1,923
Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold improvements and equipment, gross	2,463	2,463
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold improvements and equipment, gross	$ 1,155	$ 1,155

Leasehold Improvements and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expenses	$ 94	$ 93

Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Payroll and incentives	$ 501	$ 1,176
General and administrative expenses	223	196
Research and development expenses	115	75
Total	$ 839	$ 1,447

Schedule of Maturity of Operating and Finance Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases
Operating Lease Liabilities, Remainder of Fiscal Year	$ 721
Finance Lease Liabilities, Remainder of Fiscal Year	5
Operating Lease Liabilities, Year One	998	$ 956
Finance Lease Liabilities, Year One	7	7
Operating Lease Liabilities, Year Two	1,040	998
Finance Lease Liabilities, Year Two	7	7
Operating Lease Liabilities, Year Three	944	1,040
Finance Lease Liabilities, Year Three	7	7
Operating Lease Liabilities, Year Four	273	944
Finance Lease Liabilities, Year Four		7
Operating lease Liabilities, Year After Four	138
Finance Lease Liabilities, Year After Four
Operating lease Liabilities, Year Five		273
Finance Lease Liabilities, Year Five
Operating Lease Liabilities, Thereafter		138
Finance Lease Liabilities, Thereafter
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	4,114	4,349
Total undiscounted finance lease payments	26	28
Operating Lease Liabilities, less: Imputed interest	736	816
Finance Lease Liabilities, less: Imputed interest	5	5
Present value of operating lease liabilities	3,378	3,533
Present value of finance lease liabilities	$ 21	$ 23
Operating Lease Liabilities, weighted average remaining lease term in years	4 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 3 months 18 days
Finance Lease Liabilities, weighted average remaining lease term in years	3 years 8 months 12 days	3 years 10 months 24 days
Operating Lease Liabilities, weighted average discount rate	9.20%	9.20%
Finance Lease Liabilities, weighted average discount rate	11.60%	11.60%

Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases
Operating lease option to extend, description	Some leases include purchase, termination or extension options for one or more years.
Remaining lease term	12 months
Operating lease interest expense	$ 226	$ 226
Operating lease right-of-use assets	145	132
Finance lease interest expense	1	1
Finance lease right-of-use assets	$ 1	$ 4

Revenue Recognition, Collaboration Agreements and Other (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Apr. 08, 2022	Dec. 12, 2019	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue				$ 1,096
BioNTech Agreement [Member]
Fees received	$ 2,750
Deferred revenue	$ 2,750
Revenue recognized				688
Revenue				$ 375
Genentech Feasibility Study Agreement [Member]
Revenue		$ 33
Genentech Feasibility Study Agreement [Member] \| Three Molecules [Member]
Revenue recognized		$ 100
Genentech Feasibility Study Agreement [Member] \| Genentech [Member]
Agreement description		Genentech paid the Company a total of $100 for the development of three molecules, or $33 per molecule, which is being recognized upon the Company fulfilling its obligations for each molecule under the Genentech Agreement.

Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earning Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive securities	46,031,560	34,915,699
Stock Options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive securities	46,031,560	34,677,699
Warrant [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive securities		238,000

Schedule of Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities, Beginning Balance	$ (221)	$ (824)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Gain, Beginning Balance	(221)	(824)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities, Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	87	229
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Gain, Net unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	87	229
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities, Ending Balance	(134)	(595)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Gain, Ending Balance	$ (134)	$ (595)

Stockholders’ Equity (Details Narrative) - shares	3 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity (Details Narrative) - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Sale of Stock, number of shares issued in transaction	218,304	0

Schedule of Equtiy Compensation Plan by Arrangements (Details) - 2013 Equity Compensation Plan [Member]

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Awards Reserved for Issuance

62,984,400

^[1]

Awards Issued & Exercised

50,712,275

^[2]

Awards Available for Grant

12,272,125

[1]	Increased by 8,690,581 on January 1, 2024, representing 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31, 2023.
[2]	Includes both restricted stock grants and option grants

Schedule of Equity Compensation Plan by Arrangements (Details) (Parenthetical) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Jan. 02, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Increased shares of common stock outstanding		8,690,581
Percentage for common stock outstanding	4.00%

Schedule of Recognized Stock Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 995	$ 1,272
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	415	553
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 580	$ 719

Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details)	3 Months Ended
Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024 shares
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock Options, Outstanding	46,707,934
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired	(676,374)
Stock Options, Outstanding	46,031,560

Stock-based Compensation (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Stock-based Compensation (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Term of the award	The term of the Plan was for 10 years
Unrecognized share based compensation	$ 6,840
Unrecognized share based compensation, recognition period	2 years 4 months 24 days

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Apr. 05, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common stock per share		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Subsequent Event [Member]
Net of proceeds shares	$ 10,000
Net proceeds from issuance of stock	$ 9,250
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Warrant [Member]
Purchase of common stock and warrants, shares	33,333,334
Common stock per share	$ 0.30
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Purchase of common stock and warrants, shares	33,333,334