Part II - Offering Circular
File No. __________
As submitted to the Securities and Exchange
Commission on May 20, 2024
PART II – INFORMATION REQUIRED IN OFFERING CIRCULAR
Preliminary Offering Circular dated
May 20, 2024
An offering statement pursuant to Regulation
A of the Securities Act of 1933 relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained
in this Preliminary Offering Circular is subject to completion or amendment. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be
accepted before the offering statement filed with the Commission is qualified. This Preliminary Offering Circular does not constitute
an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor may there be any sales of these securities in any state in which such offer,
solicitation or sale would be unlawful before registration or qualification under the laws of any such state. We may elect to satisfy
our obligation to deliver a Final Offering Circular by sending you a notice within two business days after the completion of our sale
to you that contains the URL where the Final Offering Circular or the offering statement in which such Final Offering Circular was filed
may be obtained.
Park View OZ REIT, Inc
Sponsored by
Park View Investments, LLC
One Beacon Street, 32nd Floor
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 971-8807
www.parkviewozreit.com.
Up to $74,980,000 in Shares of Common Stock
(See Description of Capital Stock and Certain Provisions of Maryland
Law, Our Charter and Bylaws – page 81 for further details)
The United States Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) does not pass upon the merits of or give its approval to any securities offered or the
terms of this offering, nor does it pass upon the accuracy or completeness of any offering circular or other solicitation materials. These
securities are offered pursuant to an exemption from registration with the SEC; however, the SEC has not made an independent determination
that the securities offered are exempt from registration.
| |
Per Share | | |
No Minimum | | |
Total Maximum | |
Public Offering Price(1) | |
$ | 100.00 | | |
$ | 0 | (2) | |
$ | 74,980,000 | |
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions(3) | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| | |
Total Proceeds to Us (Before Expenses) | |
$ | 100.00 | | |
$ | 0 | | |
$ | 74,980,000 | |
Total Proceeds to other Persons | |
$ | — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
| (1) | The price per share shown was arbitrarily determined by our Manager.
As the Board of Directors sees fit we may adjust the offering price based on many subjective estimates including, market sentiment and
trends for commercial real estate, future occupancy rates, economic outlook for the communities we invest in and more. Please review our
Q&A section beginning on page 41 and our Risk Factors beginning on page 9 for more information. |
| (2) | This is a “best efforts” offering. See “How to Subscribe.” |
| (3) | Investors will not pay upfront selling commissions in connection with
the purchase of shares of our common stock. The Company and its officers and associated persons are currently conducting this offering
in accordance with Rule 3a4-1 and, therefore, none of them is required to register as a broker-dealer. In the future, however, we may
engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents to participate in this offering. The amount of selling
commission or dealer-manager fees that we or our investors would pay to such underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents will depend
on the terms of their engagement. We have and will continue to reimburse our Manager for organization and offering costs. As of the date
of this offering circular, in our Previous Offering and Prior Offering Statement (defined below), we have reimbursed the Manager for $70,000
in expenses by issuing to the Manager 700 shares of our common stock based on a price per share of $100. Pursuant to the Management Agreement,
we will reimburse our Manager in monthly installments. Monthly reimbursement payments will be limited to no more than 2% of current fund
assets. We expect to incur approximately $660,000 in aggregate organization and offering expenses and salary if we raise the maximum offering
amount. See “Management Compensation” for a description of additional fees and expenses that we will pay our Manager. |
This Offering Circular, once qualified, will supersede previous Offering
Circulars of Park View OZ REIT, Inc, a Maryland corporation (the “Company,” “we,” or us”) with respect to
the common stock, including but not limited to the Offering Circular originally qualified on January 5, 2021 (the “Prior Offering
Statement”) for our prior offering (“Prior Offering”). This Offering Circular does not include any shares of qualified
but unsold securities covered by the Prior Offering Statement.
We will offer shares of our common stock
on a best efforts basis. Neither Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC nor any other affiliated entity involved in the offer and sale of the
shares being offered hereby is a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, and no person associated
with us will be deemed to be a broker solely by reason of his or her participation in the sale of shares of our common stock.
The Company intends to offer
the shares described herein on a continuous and ongoing basis pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3)(i)(F). This Offering will commence upon qualification
of the offering statement, and will terminate on the earliest to occur of: (a) the date upon which the Company raises $74,980,000 in the
offering; (b) three years from the date of qualification of this offering (the “Termination Date”); or (c) the date the Manager
elects to terminate the offering; provided, however, that if a new offering statement has been filed pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3)(i)(F),
securities covered by this offering statement may continue to be offered and sold until the earlier of the qualification date of the new
offering statement or 180 calendar days after the third anniversary of the initial qualification date of this offering statement.
Generally, no sale may be made to you
in this offering if the aggregate purchase price you pay is more than 10% of the greater of your annual income or net worth. Different
rules apply to accredited investors and non-natural persons. Before making any representation that your investment does not exceed applicable
thresholds, we encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to
refer to www.investor.gov.
Investing in shares of our common stock
is speculative and involves substantial risks. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment.
See “Risk Factors” on page 9.
The date of this offering circular is May 20, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Statements Regarding
Forward-Looking Information
We make statements in this offering circular
that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. The words “believe,” “estimate,”
“expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “may,” and similar
expressions or statements regarding future periods are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements
involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements,
or industry results, to differ materially from any predictions of future results, performance or achievements that we express or imply
in this offering circular or in the information incorporated by reference into this offering circular.
The forward-looking statements included
in this offering circular are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks
and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive
and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which
are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable
assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors
which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
| · | our ability to effectively deploy the proceeds raised in this offering; |
| · | our ability to comply with the rules and regulations relating to investing in qualified opportunity zones; |
| · | risks associated with breaches of our data security; |
| · | changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and securities markets specifically; |
| · | limited ability to dispose of assets because of the relative illiquidity of real estate investments; |
| · | intense competition in the real estate market that may limit our ability to attract or retain tenants
or re-lease space; |
| · | defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants; |
| · | increased interest rates and operating costs; |
| · | our failure to obtain necessary outside financing; |
| · | decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates; |
| · | the risk associated with potential breach or expiration of a ground lease, if any; |
| · | difficulties in identifying properties to complete, and consummating, real estate acquisitions, developments,
co-investments and dispositions; |
| · | our failure to successfully operate acquired properties and operations; |
| · | exposure to liability relating to environmental and health and safety matters; |
| · | changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates; |
| · | failure of acquisitions to yield anticipated results; |
| · | risks associated with breaches of our data security; |
| · | risks associated with derivatives or hedging activity; |
| · | our level of debt and the terms and limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements; |
| · | the need to invest additional equity in connection with debt refinancing as a result of reduced asset
values; |
| · | our ability to retain our executive officers and other key personnel of our advisor, our property manager
and their affiliates; |
| · | expected rates of return provided to investors; |
| · | the ability of our sponsor and its affiliates to source, originate and service our loans and other assets,
and the quality and performance of these assets; |
| · | our ability to retain and hire competent employees and appropriately staff our operations; |
| · | legislative or regulatory changes impacting our business or our assets (including changes to the laws
governing the taxation of REITs and SEC guidance related to Regulation A or the JOBS Act); |
| · | changes in business conditions and the market value of our assets, including changes in interest rates,
prepayment risk, operator or borrower defaults or bankruptcy, and generally the increased risk of loss if our investments fail to perform
as expected; |
| · | our ability to implement effective conflicts of interest policies and procedures among the various real
estate investment opportunities sponsored by our sponsor; |
| · | our failure to maintain our status as a REIT; and |
| · | our compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws, including the Investment Advisers Act of
1940, the Investment Company Act and other laws; and changes to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. |
Our shares are quoted on the OTC under the
symbol PVOZ, however liquidity is limited and orders have the potential to create large price swings which could result in either unattractive
acquisition or disposition prices or both. There can be no guarantee that an active, liquid and orderly market for our shares develops
or is sustained.
Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking
statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this offering
circular. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this offering circular and the risk that actual results will differ
materially from the expectations expressed in this offering circular will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required
by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date
of this offering circular, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light
of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this offering circular, including, without limitation,
the risks described under “Risk Factors,” the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation
by us or any other person that the objectives and plans set forth in this offering circular will be achieved.
Offering Summary
This offering summary highlights material
information regarding our business and this offering that is not otherwise addressed in the “Questions and Answers About this Offering”
section of this offering circular. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand
this offering fully, you should read the entire offering circular carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section before making
a decision to invest in shares of our common stock.
Park View OZ REIT, Inc
Park View OZ REIT, Inc (the
“Company,” “we,” or “us”) is a Maryland corporation formed on June 19, 2020 to originate, invest in
and manage a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate properties. Park View Investments, LLC, our sponsor (our “Sponsor”
or “Park View Investments”) is the sole general partner of Park View QOZB OP, LP (the “Operating Partnership”).
Substantially all of our invested assets are held by, and all of our operations are conducted primarily through our Operating Partnership,
either directly or through its subsidiaries. We are externally managed by Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (our “Manager”), an affiliate of our Sponsor.
We are focused on identifying, acquiring,
developing or redeveloping and managing commercial real estate located within qualified opportunity zones. It is our intent to comply
with qualified opportunity fund regulations, which will result in at least 90% of our assets being comprised of qualified opportunity
zone business property (QOZBP).
We
expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from this offering to originate, acquire and structure a diversified portfolio of
commercial real estate properties in accordance with our investment strategy described below.
Though we will not fall under real estate
investment trust (“REIT”) regulations until we claim REIT taxation, we intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to
qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Among other requirements, REITs are required to distribute to stockholders at
least 90% of their annual taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain). We
intend to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration
factors such as the timing of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs
and our ability to maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund. See “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
– Income Taxes” in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this offering circular for additional details
regarding REIT taxation.
Our address is One Beacon Street, 32nd
Floor, Boston, MA 02108. Our telephone number is 617-971-8807. Information regarding the Company is also available on our web site at
www.parkviewozreit.com.
Investment Strategy
As a qualified opportunity
zone fund (QOF) we intend to invest at least 90% of our assets in qualified opportunity zone properties that we feel have significant
growth potential, which will help enable us to be classified as a “qualified opportunity fund.” Our strategy favors properties
in regions experiencing growth drivers such as expanding urban centers, universities, medical facilities etc. Our investments are expected
to consist of properties for the construction and/or renovation of multifamily, student housing, senior living, healthcare, industrial,
self-storage, hospitality, mixed-use, data centers and solar projects located throughout the United States and its territories. We also
expect to execute on opportunities to develop, renovate or reposition properties, in keeping with the spirit of the opportunity zone legislation.
Our manager will combine rigorous due diligence with value discipline in identifying potential investments. We may acquire a wide variety
of commercial properties, including but not limited to, multifamily, office, industrial, retail, hospitality, throughout the United States
and its territories. We may also enter into multiple co-investment and sub advisory agreements to add geographic and project specific
expertise. We anticipate our future operations will also include the acquisition of real estate-related assets, including debt and equity
securities issued by other real estate companies, with the goal of increasing distributions and/or capital appreciation.
We cannot assure you that
we will attain these objectives or that the value of our assets will not decrease. Furthermore, within our investment objectives and policies,
our Manager will have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments and the purchase and sale of our assets.
Our Manager’s investment committee will periodically review our investment guidelines to determine whether our investment guidelines
continue to be in the best interests of our stockholders. There is no prohibition in our charter on the amount or percentage of our assets
that may be invested in a single property. Initially, we expect to have a limited number of properties and up to 100% of our assets may
be invested in a single property.
In executing our business strategy, we believe
that we will benefit from our Manager’s affiliation with our Sponsor given the extensive investment experience brought by our Sponsor’s
executives and advisors.
Investment Objectives
Our primary investment objectives are:
| · | to preserve, protect and return our stockholders’ capital contribution; |
| · | to invest in qualifying opportunity zone properties so our stockholders can take advantage of the tax
efficient benefits of a qualified opportunity fund; |
| · | to pay attractive and consistent cash distributions; |
| · | to grow net cash from operations so that an increasing amount of cash flow is available for distributions
to investors over the long term; and |
| · | to realize growth in the value of our investments. |
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in shares of our common stock
is speculative and involves substantial risks. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment.
See “Risk Factors” on page 9 to read about the significant risks you should consider before buying shares of our common stock.
These risks include the following:
| · | The lasting effects of COVID-19 may continue to disrupt global economic and market conditions. |
| · | War in the Ukraine may impact the business of the Company and the financial markets in which the Company
needs to raise capital. |
| · | We intend to employ leverage in order to provide more funds available for investment. While leverage presents
opportunities for increasing our total returns, it may increase losses as well. |
| · | Inflation may adversely affect our real estate operations. |
| · | We depend on our Manager to select our investments and conduct our operations. We will pay fees and expenses
to our Manager and its affiliates that were not determined on an arm’s length basis, and therefore we do not have the benefit of
arm’s length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties. These fees increase your risk of loss. |
| · | The tax laws providing the favorable capital gains treatment to certain of our investors were enacted
at the end of 2017 and are untested. |
| · | There is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objectives. |
| · | Some of our Manager’s investment committee members are also officers, directors, managers and/or
key professionals of other investment or real estate companies. They also may be affiliates of future funds sponsored by our Manager.
As a result, they will face conflicts of interest, including time constraints, allocation of investment opportunities and significant
conflicts created by our Manager’s compensation arrangements with us and other affiliates of our Sponsor. |
| · | Our Sponsor may sponsor other companies that compete with us, and our Sponsor does not have an exclusive
management arrangement with us; however, our Sponsor will adopt a policy for allocating investments between different companies that it
sponsors with similar investment strategies. |
| · | Any modifications to the “qualified opportunity zone” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), could have an adverse effect on our operations. |
| · | If we fail to qualify as a “Qualified Opportunity Fund” for U.S. federal income tax purposes
for any period and no relief provisions apply, we would be subject to penalties and investors may not realize any tax advantages of investing
in a Qualified Opportunity Fund, and in addition to that the value of our units could materially decrease. |
| · | We believe that the opportunity zone and qualified business income tax benefits will remain in effect.
However, these are new and relatively untested provisions of the tax code. It is possible that opportunity zone benefits and/or qualified
business income deductions could be interpreted in ways we currently do not foresee, modified or revoked leaving our current tax efficient
strategy as unworkable. |
| · | Our shares trade on the OTC Market under the symbol PVOZ, however, an active, liquid and orderly market
for our shares may not develop or be sustained. |
| · | We may change our investment guidelines without stockholder consent, which could result in investments
that are different from those described in this offering circular. |
| · | If we raise substantially less than the maximum offering amount, we may not be able to acquire a diverse
portfolio of investments and the value of your shares may vary more widely with the performance of specific assets. |
| · | The offering price of our shares was not established in reliance on a valuation of our assets and liabilities;
the actual value of your investment may be substantially less than what you pay. |
| · | We intend to participate in transactions that are attractive economically regardless of tax incentives.
However, it is possible that at times opportunity zone properties may trade at a premium. If a stockholder’s holding period is less
than 10 years or the fund fails to qualify a “Qualified Opportunity Fund”, they may be exposed to paying an opportunity zone
property premium without receiving opportunity zone benefits. |
| · | While our goal is to pay dividends from our cash flow from operations, we may use other sources to fund
dividends, including, borrowings or sales of assets. We have not established a limit on the amount of proceeds we may use to fund dividends.
If we pay dividends from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investments and your
overall return may be reduced. In any event, we intend to make annual dividends as required to comply with the REIT distribution requirements
and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on retained income. |
| · | From time to time, we may adjust the price per share of the Offering,
using valuation methodologies that involve subjective judgments and estimates. As a result, our offering price may not accurately reflect
the actual prices at which our commercial real estate assets and investments, including related liabilities, could be liquidated on any
given day. |
| · | We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards
under part F/S of Regulation A, that allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective
dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements
may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. |
| · | If we fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and no relief provisions apply, we
would be subject to entity level U.S. federal income tax and, as a result, our cash available for distribution to our stockholders and
the value of our shares could materially decrease. |
| · | Real estate investments are subject to general downturns in the industry as well as downturns in specific
geographic areas. We cannot predict what the occupancy level will be in a particular building or that any tenant or mortgage or other
real estate related loan borrower will remain solvent. We also cannot predict the future value of our properties. Accordingly, we cannot
guarantee that you will receive cash distributions or appreciation of your investment. |
Opportunity and Market Overview
Park View OZ REIT’s
structure allows investors to benefit from two significant changes to the U.S. Tax Code; Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF) and Qualified
Business Income (QBI). To be eligible for QOF benefits an investor with a capital gain must, in most instances, reinvest the gain into
a QOF within 180 days of realizing the gain. There are many factors to consider when investing in our “REIT QOF” structure.
We highly recommend you consult with your tax advisor and review our Risk Factors on page 9. See also “Opportunity and Market Overview”
on page 66.
Our Sponsor has a team of senior executives
with prior financial markets experience and directors and advisors of our Sponsor have decades of real estate investment experience. These
professionals provide stability in the management of our business and allow us to benefit from the knowledge and industry contacts they
have gained. However, our Sponsor and our management have no public track record with any programs with similar investment objectives
to the Company. The Company’s board of directors and advisors are those with the relevant real estate experience, but such persons
are not considered “promoters” of the Company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and therefore,
we have not included any discussion of their prior performance in this offering circular. The CEO and CFO are considered promoters as
they are the founders of the Company but because their experience in real estate or with real estate assets does not meet industry Guide
5 disclosure requirements, we have not included any disclosure of prior performance.
Set forth below is an explanation
of the benefits that the Company believes distinguishes it from more traditional real estate investment platforms:
| · | Capital Gain Tax Deferral: Capital gains (short-term or long-term) from the sale of any asset that
are reinvested in shares of our common stock, generally within 180 days following the disposition of the asset, may be excluded from the
investor’s gross income until the earlier of December 31, 2026 or the date the investor sells its shares of our common stock. |
| · | Capital Gain Tax Exemption: Once an investment is held for 10 years, the investor may elect to
step-up his cost basis by 100% thereby eliminating all capital gain liability. This benefit will last until the asset is sold or 2047,
whichever comes first. |
| · | 20% Dividend Deduction: Our stockholders can take the entire 20% federal income deduction on their
REIT dividends from the Company, which are typically taxed at ordinary income tax rates. Investors in other real estate platforms, such
as partnerships or limited liability companies (“LLCs”), may not be eligible to receive any or all of the 20% deduction due
to multiple regulatory limitations that restrict investors’ ability to receive the deduction benefit. |
| · | Eliminates Double Taxation on Earnings Dividends: We are a C corporation that will, once qualified,
elect to be taxed as a REIT. As a REIT we will not be taxed at the corporate level on earnings passed through to investors in the form
of dividends. We intend to pay out at least 90% of our taxable earnings in dividends to investors quarterly. |
| · | No Dual State and Local Income Tax Exposure: Our Company is a C corporation that will, once qualified,
elect to be taxed as a REIT. As a result, unlike partnerships or LLCs that are taxed as partnerships, which typically expose their investors
to state and local income taxes of both the jurisdictions where the properties are located and where the investors are domiciled, our
stockholders are only subject to the taxes within the jurisdictions in which they are domiciled. |
| · | Form 1099-DIV not a K-1: As a C corporation, you will receive the more familiar and less complicated
1099-DIV tax form rather the K-1 used by partnerships. |
| · | Potential State and Local Tax Benefits: Some state and local governments are also providing tax
incentives for QOF investments. You should check for availability with your tax advisor. |
| · | No Sales Commissions: Currently, we are not charging sale commissions to investors who invest in
our Company. In the future, however, we may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents to participate
in this offering. |
| · | Low Management Fee: Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC (our “Manager”) will be paid an
annual management fee of only 0.75% of our Company's NAV, as compared with many real estate managers who charge 1.5 to 2%. |
| · | Aligning Management Interest with Stockholder Interest: Our Manager will receive 5 shares of stock
for every 100 shares of newly issued common stock, subject to vesting requirements. This aligns our Manager’s incentives with our
stockholders. This will result in a “carried interest / profit interest” to our Manager that is significantly less than the
carried interest of 15% to 20% typically earned by private real estate funds. |
| · | Public Company Transparency: Our Company is subject to periodic public reporting requirements under
federal securities laws, requiring us to disclose, among other things our financial statements and material changes in our operations.
As a result, unlike some private real estate platforms, investors in our Company will be provided regular updates regarding our performance. |
| · | Social Impact Investing: The objective of the opportunity zone program is to spread economic prosperity
more evenly by encouraging capital investment into traditionally economically disadvantaged communities. |
| · | Development Partners: We anticipate participating in co-investments with a variety of partners.
We believe these partnerships will add geographic as well as project specific expertise and deliver enhanced profit opportunity and portfolio
diversification for our investors. |
| · | Public Market Accessibility: Our shares are quoted on the OTC market under the symbol PVOZ. We
are the only qualified opportunity fund with tradable shares of stock. Our investors can enjoy the convenience of stock ownership while
being able to choose the holding period that suits their unique financial needs. We believe this greatly increase the accessibility and
financial planning utility of opportunity zone tax incentives for our investors. |
| · | Multiple Investment Platforms: In order to maximize our development opportunities, we anticipate
entering into co-investment structures consisting of (1) programmatic platforms with established regional developers to engage in multiple
regional investments and (2) traditional local co-investment partnerships for one-off developments. |
| · | Minimal Investment Requirements: This offering is being conducted pursuant to Regulation A, which
allows all investors to participate, subject to certain volume restrictions, and to have access to institutional quality investments.
In addition, we have set a low minimum investment amount of $10,000 per investor, which we expect will allow for a broader base of investors
to participate in our investments than would be able to invest in more traditional real estate platforms. |
Our Manager
Our Manager manages our day-to-day operations.
A team of real estate, investment, and tax professionals, acting through our Manager, will make all the decisions regarding the selection,
negotiation, financing and disposition of our investments, subject to the limitations in our operating agreement. Our Manager will also
provide asset management, marketing, investor relations and other administrative services on our behalf with the goal of maximizing our
operating cash flow and preserving our invested capital.
Our Management Agreement
We are externally managed and advised by
our Manager. We expect to benefit from the personnel, relationships and experience of our Manager’s management team and the Company’s
Board of Directors and advisors. Pursuant to the terms of a management agreement between our Manager, us and our Operating Partnership,
as described below, our Manager will select our investments and manage our day-to-day operations. Pursuant to a support agreement with
our Sponsor, our Manager will utilize our Sponsor’s personnel, services and resources necessary for our Manager to perform its obligations
and responsibilities under the management agreement.
We entered into the Amended
Management Agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with our Operating Partnership and our Manager effective as of April 26,
2024. The initial term of the Management Agreement is for five years commencing on the effective date of the agreement, with automatic
one-year renewal terms starting on completion of the initial five-year term.
Pursuant to the Management
Agreement, our Manager will implement our business strategy and perform certain services for us, subject to oversight by our Board of
Directors. Our Manager will be responsible for, among other duties, (1) performing all of our day-to-day functions, (2) determining our
investment strategy and guidelines in conjunction with our Board of Directors, (3) sourcing, analyzing and executing investments, asset
sales and financing, (4) performing portfolio management duties, and (5) performing financial and accounting functions.
For a detailed description
of the management agreement’s termination provisions, see “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Management Agreement.”
Our Board of Directors
We operate under the direction of our Board
of Directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. Our Board of Directors has retained our
Manager to direct the management of our business and affairs, manage our day-to-day affairs, and implement our investment strategy, subject
to the Board of Directors’ supervision.
The current board members are Michael Kelley
and Elizabeth Tyminski, neither of which are deemed independent as they are both officers of the Company as well as executive officers
of our Manager. Please review our “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9. An independent director is a person who is not an officer
or employee of our Manager or its affiliates and meets the requirements as set forth in Nasdaq Rule 5605(a)(2). At such time when we have
independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority of those independent directors will act upon conflicts of interest matters,
including transactions between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
Our Board of Directors is classified into
three classes. Michael Kelley is a Class III director, Elizabeth Tyminski is a Class II director. Each class of directors will be elected
for successive three-year terms ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders the third year after election and until his or her successor
is elected and qualified. With respect to the election of directors, each candidate nominated for election to our Board of Directors must
receive a plurality of the votes cast, in person or by proxy, in order to be elected.
We plan to add independent directors in
the future as we grow, which is a requirement for our common stock to be quoted on the OTCQX.
Our Structure
The chart below shows the relationship among
various affiliates of our Manager and the Company as of the date of this offering circular.
Management Compensation
Our Manager and its affiliates
have and will continue to receive fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to this offering and the investment and management
of our assets, including a quarterly asset management fee. Neither our Manager nor its affiliates will receive any selling commissions
or dealer manager fees in connection with the offer and sale of shares of our common stock. See “Management Compensation”
for a more detailed explanation of the fees and expenses payable to our Manager and its affiliates.
Conflicts of Interest
Our Manager and its affiliates will experience
conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business. Some of the material conflicts that our Manager and its affiliates
may face include the following:
| 1. | Our Sponsor’s professionals acting on behalf of our Manager must determine which investment opportunities
to recommend to us and other entities affiliated with our Sponsor. Our Sponsor may sponsor other entities that may have similar investment
criteria to ours. |
| 2. | Our Sponsor’s executives and advisors acting on behalf of our Manager will have to allocate their
time among us, our Sponsor’s business and other programs and activities in which they are involved. |
| 3. | The terms of our Management Agreement (including our Manager’s rights and obligations and the compensation
payable to our Manager and its affiliates) were not negotiated through the benefit of arm’s length negotiations of the type normally
conducted between unrelated parties. |
| 4. | The Manager is paid fees based on the calculation of NAV, which is calculated by our Manager from time
to time and approved by our board of directors. |
Other than our Sponsor and Manager’s
investment in the Company, neither our officers, directors, or affiliates will invest in this Offering.
Dividends
We expect that once we achieve
positive annual earnings, we will declare and pay dividends on a quarterly basis, or more or less frequently as advised by our Manager,
in arrears, based on daily record dates. Any dividends we make will be following consultation with our Manager, and will be based on,
among other factors, our present and reasonably projected future cash flow. We expect that we will set the rate of dividends at a level
that will be reasonably consistent and sustainable over time. Neither we nor our Manager has pre-established a percentage range of return
for dividends to stockholders. We have not established a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we pay dividends
to our stockholders.
Borrowing Policy
We intend to employ leverage in order to
provide more funds available for investment. We believe that careful use of conservatively structured leverage will help us to achieve
our diversification goals and potentially enhance the returns on our investments. Our targeted aggregate property-level leverage, excluding
any debt at the REIT level or on assets under development or renovation, after we have acquired a substantial portfolio of stabilized
properties, is between 50-70% of the greater of cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or fair market value of
our assets. During the period when we are acquiring, constructing and/or renovating our investments, we may employ greater leverage on
individual assets. Our Manager may from time to time modify our leverage policy in its discretion. See “Investment Objectives and
Strategy—Borrowing Policy” for more details regarding our leverage policies.
Valuation Policies
Our NAV is calculated by our
Manager, and approved by our board of directors. There is no set formula for calculating NAV. We will update our NAV estimate at
our discretion to reflect changes in our view of our economic value. The calculation takes into account many subjective estimates including
market sentiment and trends for commercial real estate, future occupancy rates, economic outlook for the communities we invest in, gain
or loss of management talent, and more. See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies” for more detail.
NAV Per Share Adjustments
We set our NAV at $100.00 per share, which is also the purchase price
of our common stock as of the date of qualification of this offering circular. This valuation has been determined by the Manager based
on subjective analysis of our market position, and may be adjusted from time to time. We plan to calculate NAV as our portfolio matures.
See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies” and “NAV Per Share Adjustments” for more details.
Information Available to Investors
We are not subject to the ongoing reporting
requirements of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) because we are not registering our securities under
the Exchange Act. Rather, we will be subject to the more limited reporting requirements under Regulation A, including the obligation to
electronically file:
| ● | annual reports (including disclosure relating to our business operations for the preceding three fiscal
years, or, if in existence for less than three years, since inception, related party transactions, beneficial ownership of the issuer’s
securities, executive officers and directors and certain executive compensation information, management’s discussion and analysis
(“MD&A”) of the issuer’s liquidity, capital resources, and results of operations, and two years of audited financial
statements), |
| ● | semiannual reports (including disclosure primarily relating to the issuer’s interim financial statements
and MD&A) and |
| ● | current reports for certain material events. |
We intend to elect to use the extended transition
period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under part F/S of Regulation A, that allows us to delay the adoption of
new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to
private companies. In addition, at any time after completing reporting for the fiscal year in which our offering statement was qualified,
if the securities of each class to which this offering statement relates are held of record by fewer than 300 persons and offers or sales
are not ongoing, we may immediately suspend our ongoing reporting obligations under Regulation A.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
If and when we become subject to the ongoing
reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, we will qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business
Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) if we have less than $1.07 billion in total annual gross revenues and this status will
be significant. An emerging growth company may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other
significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. In particular, as an emerging growth company we:
| ● | will not be required to obtain an auditor attestation on our internal controls over financial reporting
pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
| ● | will not be required to provide a detailed narrative disclosure discussing our compensation principles,
objectives and elements and analyzing how those elements fit with our principles and objectives (commonly referred to as “compensation
discussion and analysis”); |
| ● | will not be required to obtain a non-binding advisory vote from our stockholders on executive compensation
or golden parachute arrangements (commonly referred to as the “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency” and “say-on-golden-parachute”
votes); |
| ● | will be exempt from certain executive compensation disclosure provisions requiring a pay-for-performance
graph and CEO pay ratio disclosure; |
| ● | may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A; and |
| ● | will be eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting
standards. |
We intend to take advantage of all of these
reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting
standards under Section 107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements
to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under Section
107 of the JOBS Act.
Under the JOBS Act, we may take advantage
of the above-described reduced reporting requirements and exemptions for up to five years after our initial sale of common equity pursuant
to a registration statement declared effective under the Securities Act, or such earlier time that we no longer meet the definition of
an emerging growth company. Note that this offering, while a public offering, is not a sale of common equity pursuant to a registration
statement, since the offering is conducted pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements. In this regard, the JOBS Act provides
that we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenues, have more than
$700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1 billion in principal amount of non-convertible
debt over a three-year period.
Certain of these reduced reporting requirements
and exemptions are also available to us due to the fact that we may also qualify, once listed, as a “smaller reporting company”
under the Commission’s rules. For instance, smaller reporting companies are not required to obtain an auditor attestation on their
assessment of internal control over financial reporting; are not required to provide a compensation discussion and analysis; and may present
only two years of audited financial statements and related MD&A disclosure.
Risk Factors
An investment in shares of our common
stock involves substantial risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information contained
in this offering circular before purchasing shares. The occurrence of any of the following risks might cause you to lose a significant
part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties discussed below are not the only ones we face but do represent those risks and uncertainties
that we believe are most significant to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Some statements in this offering
circular, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled
“Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information.”
Risks Related to an Investment in our Company
We have a limited operating history.
We are a recently formed company and have
no or a limited operating history. Our limited operating history significantly increases the risk and uncertainty you face in making an
investment in our shares.
Our Manager and its affiliates have limited
experience managing a portfolio of assets in the manner necessary to maintain our qualification as a Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF),
a REIT or our exclusion or an exemption under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
In order to maintain our qualification
as a QOF, REIT and our exclusion or an exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act, the assets in our portfolio are subject
to certain restrictions that limit our operations meaningfully. The REIT rules and regulations are highly technical and complex, and the
failure to comply with the income, asset, organizational and ownership tests, dividend requirements and other limitations imposed by these
rules and regulations could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT or could force us to pay unexpected taxes and penalties. Our Manager
and its affiliates have limited experience managing a portfolio in the manner necessary to maintain our qualification as a QOF, a REIT
or our exclusion or an exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act. The inexperience of our Manager and its affiliates
described above may hinder its ability to achieve our objectives or result in the loss of our qualification as a QOF, REIT or payment
of taxes and penalties. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully operate as a QOF or REIT, comply with regulatory
requirements applicable to QOFs or REITs, maintain our exclusion or an exemption under the Investment Company Act, or execute our business
strategies.
Because of the lack of experience of our Manager and its affiliates, we have
not included any prior track record history for investors to evaluate.
The Company’s board of directors and
advisors are those with the relevant real estate experience, but none have experience in running this novel “REIT QOF” structure,
and none are considered “promoters” of the Company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which
would require us to discuss any prior track records with similar investment objectives. In addition, the CEO, and CFO have less real estate
experience than the board and advisors, so there is no prior track record information to provide investors. The Sponsor is a newly formed
company run by the CEO and CFO and has no track record. Although the CEO is well-versed with QOFs, he has never run a QOF/REIT structure.
This may require the Company to spend additional resources to attract more experienced advisors.
Investors must make appropriate timely investments and elections to take advantage
of the benefits of investing in a qualified opportunity fund.
In order to receive the benefits of investing
in a qualified opportunity fund, taxpayers must make deferral elections on Form 8949 (Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets),
which will need to be attached to their U.S. federal income tax returns for the taxable year in which the gain treated as capital gain
(short-term or long-term) that result from the sale or exchange of capital assets would have been recognized had it not been deferred.
In addition, on January 20, 2020, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) released new Form, 8997 (Initial and Annual
Statement of Qualified Opportunity Fund QOF Investments) which requires eligible taxpayers holding a qualified opportunity fund investment
at any point during the tax year to report: (i) qualified opportunity fund investments holdings at the beginning and end of the tax year;
(ii) current tax year capital gains deferred by investing in a qualified opportunity fund; and (iii) qualified opportunity fund investments
disposed of during the tax year. Taxpayers should also use form 8949 in the year they exit the investment.
The tax treatment of an investment in our common stock
could be subject to potential legislative, judicial, or administrative changes or differing interpretations, possibly applied on a retroactive
basis.
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment
of an investment in our common stock may be modified by administrative, legislative, or judicial interpretation at any time. From time
to time, members of Congress propose and consider substantive changes to the existing U.S. federal income tax laws that would affect us.
Although there are no current legislative or administrative proposals pending with respect to qualified opportunity funds, there can be
no assurance that there will not be further changes to U.S. federal income tax laws or the Department of Treasury’s or IRS’s
interpretation of the qualified opportunity fund rules in a manner that could impact our ability to continue to qualify as a qualified
opportunity fund in the future, which could negatively impact the value of an investment in our common stock. Any changes to the U.S.
federal tax laws and interpretations thereof may be applied prospectively or retroactively and could make it more difficult or impossible
for us to meet the qualified opportunity fund requirements and accordingly, adversely affect the tax consequences associated with an investment
in our common stock.
If we are unable to find suitable investments, we may
not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay dividends.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives
and to pay dividends depends upon the performance of our Manager in the acquisition of our investments and the ability of our Manager
to source investment opportunities for us. If we fail to raise sufficient proceeds from the sale of shares in this offering, we will be
unable to make any investments. At the same time, the more money we raise in this offering, the greater our challenge will be to invest
all of the net offering proceeds in investments that meet our investment criteria. We cannot assure you that our Manager will be successful
in obtaining suitable investments or that, if our Manager makes investments on our behalf, our objectives will be achieved. If we, through
our Manager, are unable to find suitable investments promptly, we may hold the proceeds from this offering in an interest-bearing account
or invest the proceeds in short-term assets in a manner that is consistent with our qualification as a REIT. If we would continue to be
unsuccessful in locating suitable investments, we may ultimately decide to liquidate. In the event we are unable to timely locate suitable
investments, we may be unable or limited in our ability to pay dividends and we may not be able to meet our investment objectives.
If we pay dividends from sources other than our cash flow
from operations, we will have less funds available for investments and your overall return may be reduced.
Although our distribution policy is to use
our cash flow from operations to pay dividends, our charter permits us to pay dividends from any source, including offering proceeds,
borrowings, and sales of assets. Until the proceeds from this offering are fully invested and from time to time during the operational
stage, we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund dividends. If we pay dividends from financings, the net proceeds
from this or future offerings or other sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less funds available for investments
in real estate properties and other real estate-related assets and the number of real estate properties that we invest in and the overall
return to our stockholders may be reduced. If we fund dividends from borrowings, our interest expense and other financing costs, as well
as the repayment of such borrowings, will reduce our earnings and cash flow from operations available for distribution in future periods,
and accordingly your overall return may be reduced. If we fund dividends from the sale of assets, this will affect our ability to generate
cash flows from operations in future periods.
Disruptions in the financial markets or deteriorating
economic conditions could adversely impact the commercial real estate market as well as the market for equity-related investments generally,
which could hinder our ability to implement our business strategy and generate returns to you.
We intend to acquire a diversified portfolio
of qualified opportunity zone investments. We may also invest to a limited extent in other real estate-related assets. Economic conditions
greatly increase the risks of these investments (see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Real Estate and Our Investments”).
The success of our business is significantly related to general economic conditions and, accordingly, our business could be harmed by
an economic slowdown and downturn in real estate asset values, property sales and leasing activities. Periods of economic slowdown or
recession, significantly rising interest rates, declining employment levels, decreasing demand for real estate, declining real estate
values, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, can negatively impact the value of our holdings. These economic conditions
could result in a general decline in acquisition, disposition, and leasing activity, as well as a general decline in the value of real
estate and in rents, which in turn would reduce revenue from investment management activities. In addition, these conditions could lead
to a decline in property sales prices as well as a decline in funds invested in existing commercial real estate assets.
During an economic downturn, it may also
take longer for us to dispose of real estate investments or the selling prices may be lower than originally anticipated. As a result,
the carrying value of our real estate investments may become impaired and we could record losses as a result of such an impairment or
we could experience reduced profitability related to declines in real estate values. Further, as a result of our target leverage, our
exposure to adverse general economic conditions is heightened. We are unable to predict the likely duration and severity of any disruption
in financial markets and adverse economic conditions in the United States and other countries.
All the conditions described above could
adversely impact our business performance and profitability, which could result in our failure to pay dividends to our stockholders and
could decrease the value of an investment in us. In addition, in an extreme deterioration of our business, we could have insufficient
liquidity to meet our debt service obligations when they come due in future years. If we fail to meet our payment or obligations under
any credit or other loan agreements, the lenders under any such agreements will be entitled to proceed against the collateral granted
to them to secure the debt owed.
The lasting effects of COVID-19 may continue to disrupt global economic and
market conditions.
While the severity of the
COVID-19 pandemic has lessened, and most of the restrictions imposed by federal, state and local governments in response to the outbreak
have been lifted, the effects of COVID-19 may continue to disrupt global economic and market conditions. Additionally, inflation, rising
interest rates may have an adverse impact on our ability to grow our business. We may see increased volatility in financial markets and
a flight to safety by investors, which may make it more difficult for the Company to raise additional capital at the time when it needs
to do so, or for financing to be available upon acceptable terms. All or any of these risks separately, or in combination could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration
of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery.
War in the Ukraine may impact the business of the Company and the financial
markets in which the Company needs to raise capital.
Political turmoil, warfare, or terrorist
attacks in Ukraine could negatively affect our business. Political and military events in Ukraine, including the 2022 Russian invasion
of Ukraine, as well as ongoing warfare between Ukraine and Russia may have an adverse impact on our ability to grow our business. For
so long as the hostilities continue and perhaps even thereafter as the situation in Europe unfolds, we may see increased volatility in
financial markets and a flight to safety by investors, which may make it more difficult for the Company to raise additional capital at
the time when it needs to do so, or for financing to be available upon acceptable terms. All or any of these risks separately, or in combination
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot predict the timing, strength,
or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery.
We may suffer from delays in locating suitable investments,
which could limit our ability to pay dividends and lower the overall return on your investment.
We rely upon our Manager and its advisors,
including Michael Kelley and Elizabeth Tyminski, to identify suitable investments. Our Sponsor may also rely on Michael Kelley and Elizabeth
Tyminski for investment opportunities. To the extent that our Manager’s professionals face competing demands upon their time in
instances when we have capital ready for investment, we may face delays in execution.
Additionally, the current market for properties
that meet our investment objectives is highly competitive, as is the leasing market for such properties. The more shares we sell in this
offering, the greater our challenge will be to invest all of the offering proceeds (after expenses) on attractive terms. Except for our
investments that may be described in supplements to this offering circular prior to the date you subscribe for shares of our common stock,
you will have no opportunity to evaluate the terms of transactions or other economic or financial data concerning our investments. You
must rely entirely on the oversight and management ability of our Manager and the performance of any property manager. We cannot be sure
that our Manager will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms.
We could also suffer from delays in locating
suitable investments as a result of our reliance on our Manager at times when its officers, employees, or agents are simultaneously seeking
to locate suitable investments for other programs sponsored by our Sponsor, some of which may have investment objectives and employ investment
strategies that are similar to ours.
You may be more likely to sustain a loss on your investment
because neither our Sponsor nor our Manager have as strong an economic incentive to avoid losses as do sponsors and managers who have
made significant equity investments in their companies.
Our Sponsor has previously acquired 100
shares of our common stock at a price equal to the initial public offering price in connection with our formation, for net proceeds to
us of $10,000. Our Manager also acquired 700 shares in exchange for forgiving $70,000 of reimbursable offering costs. Therefore, our Sponsor
and Manager will have limited exposure to loss in the value of our shares. Without this exposure, our stockholders may be at a greater
risk of loss because our Sponsor and Manager do not have as much to lose from a decrease in the value of our shares as do those sponsors
who make more significant equity investments in their companies.
Because we are limited in the amount of funds we can raise,
we will be limited in the number and type of investments we make and the value of your investment in us will fluctuate with the performance
of the specific assets we acquire.
This offering is being made on a “best
efforts” basis. There is no minimum amount the Company must raise in this offering and therefore the Company will have immediate
access to the funds from this offering. The amount of proceeds we raise in this offering may be substantially less than the amount we
would need to achieve a diversified portfolio of investments, even if we are successful in raising the maximum offering amount.
If we are unable to raise substantial funds,
we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the type, number, and size of investments that we make. In
that case, the likelihood that any single asset’s performance would adversely affect our profitability will increase. Your investment
in shares of our common stock will be subject to greater risk to the extent that we lack a diversified portfolio of investments. Further,
we will have certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a public reporting company, regardless of whether we are
able to raise substantial funds in this offering. Our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses
as a percentage of gross income, reducing our net income and limiting our ability to pay dividends.
Any adverse changes in our Sponsor’s financial health
or our relationship with our Manager or its affiliates could hinder our operating performance and the return on your investment.
We have engaged our Manager to manage our
operations and our portfolio of commercial real estate investments and other select real estate-related assets. Our Manager has no employees
and relies on a support agreement with our Sponsor to perform services on its behalf for us. Our ability to achieve our investment objectives
and to pay dividends is dependent upon the performance of our Sponsor and its affiliates as well as our Sponsor’s executives and
advisors in the identification and acquisition of investments, the management of our assets and operation of our day-to-day activities.
Any adverse changes in our Sponsor’s financial condition or our relationship with our Manager could hinder our ability to successfully
manage our operations and our portfolio of investments.
We may change our targeted investments and investment guidelines without stockholder
consent.
Our Manager may change our targeted investments
and investment guidelines at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments that are different
from, and possibly riskier than, the investments described in this offering circular. A change in our targeted investments or investment
guidelines may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations, all of which could adversely
affect the value of shares of our common stock and our ability to pay dividends to you.
The market in which we participate is competitive and,
if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed.
We face competition from various entities
for investment opportunities in properties, including other REITs, qualified opportunity funds, pension funds, insurance companies, investment
funds and companies, partnerships, and developers. In addition to third-party competitors, other programs sponsored by our Manager and
its affiliates, especially those with investment strategies that may be similar to ours, may compete with us for investment opportunities.
Many of these entities have greater access
to capital to acquire properties than we have. Competition from these entities may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities
offered to us or increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell, thereby increasing the price that we may be required
to pay for qualified properties. The lack of available debt on reasonable terms or at all could result in further reduction of suitable
investment opportunities and create a competitive advantage for other entities that have greater financial resources that we do. Additional
real estate funds, vehicles, and REITs with similar investment objectives to ours may be formed in the future by other unrelated parties.
This competition may cause us to acquire properties and other investments at higher prices or by using less-than-ideal capital structures,
in which case our returns could be lower and the value of our assets may not appreciate or may decrease significantly below the amount
we paid for such assets.
We may frequently participate in co-investments.
Co-investments could adversely be affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on the financial condition of our
co-investment partners and disputes between us and our co-investment partners.
We likely will acquire non-controlling interests
in properties through co-investments. Although, we will have some control in a co-investment partnership, we would not be in a position
to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the partnership. Co-investment partnerships may, under certain circumstances, involve
risks not present were another party not involved, including the possibility that co-investment partners might become bankrupt or fail
to fund their required capital contributions. Co-investment partners may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent
with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments
may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the co-investment partner would have
full control over the co-investment. Disputes between us and co-investment partners may result in litigation or arbitration that would
increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions
by or disputes with co-investment partners might result in subjecting properties owned by the co-investment partnership to additional
risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our co-investment partners.
If we have a right of first
refusal to buy-out a co-investment partner, we may be unable to finance such a buy-out if it becomes exercisable or we are required to
purchase such interest at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so. If our interest is subject to a buy/sell
right, we may not have sufficient cash, available borrowing capacity or other capital resources to allow us to elect to purchase an interest
of a co-investment partner subject to the buy/sell right, in which case we may be forced to sell our interest as the result of the exercise
of such right when we would otherwise prefer to keep our interest. If we buy our co-investment partner’s interest, we will have
increased exposure in the underlying investment. The price we use to buy our co-investment partner’s interest or sell our interest
is typically determined by negotiations between us and our co-investment partner and there is no assurance that such price will be representative
of the value of the underlying property or equal to our then-current valuation of our interest in the co-investment. Finally, we may not
be able to sell our interest in a co-investment if we desire to exit the venture for any reason or if our interest is likewise subject
to a right of first refusal of our co-investment partner, our ability to sell such interest may be adversely impacted by such right.
Some additional risks and conflicts related
to our co-investments include:
| · | the co-investment partner may have economic or other interests that are inconsistent with our interests,
including interests relating to the financing, management, operation, leasing or sale of the assets purchased by such co-investment partnership; |
| · | tax, Investment Company Act and other regulatory requirements applicable to the co-investment partner
may cause it to want to take actions contrary to our interests; |
| · | the co-investment partner may have joint control of the co-investment even in cases where its economic
stake in the co-investment is significantly less than ours; |
| · | under the co-investment arrangement, neither we nor the co-investment partner will be in a position to
unilaterally control the co-investment, and deadlocks may occur. Such deadlocks could adversely impact the operations and profitability
of the co-investment, including as a result of the inability of the co-investment to act quickly in connection with a potential acquisition
or disposition. In addition, depending on the governance structure of such co-investment partner, decisions of such vehicle may be subject
to approval by individuals who are independent of us; |
| · | under the co-investment arrangement, we and the co-investment partner may have a buy/sell right and, as
a result of an impasse that triggers the exercise of such right, we may be forced to sell our investment in the co-investment, or buy
the co-investment partner’s share of the co-investment at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so; and |
| · | our participation in investments in which a co-investment partner participates will be less than what
our participation would have been had such other vehicle not participated, and because there may be no limit on the amount of capital
that such co-investment partner can raise, the degree of our participation in such investments may decrease over time. |
Furthermore, we may have conflicting fiduciary
obligations if we acquire properties with our affiliates or other related entities; as a result, in any such transaction we may not have
the benefit of arm’s-length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
If our Sponsor fails to retain its key personnel, we may
not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth and our business could suffer.
Our future depends, in part, on our Sponsor’s
ability to attract and retain key personnel. Our future also depends on the continued contributions of the executive officers and other
key personnel of our Manager, each of whom would be difficult to replace. In particular, both Michael Kelley and Elizabeth Tyminski are
critical to the management of our business and operations and the development of our strategic direction. The loss of the services of
Michael Kelley, Elizabeth Tyminski or other executive officers or key personnel of our Manager and the process to replace any of our Sponsor’s
key personnel would involve significant time and expense and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.
The management agreement with our Manager was not negotiated
with an unaffiliated third party on an arm’s length basis and may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an
unaffiliated third party.
We have no employees and will rely heavily
on our Manager to provide us with all necessary services. Certain of our executive officers also serve as officers of our Manager. Our
management agreement with our Manager was negotiated between related parties and its terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable
to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
We will pay our Manager a management fee
regardless of the performance of our investments. Our Manager’s entitlement to a management fee, which is not based upon performance
metrics or goals, might reduce its incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted
returns for our portfolio. This in turn could hurt both our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders and the market price of our common
stock.
Our officers control the Company and we currently have no independent directors.
Our two executive officers are currently
our only directors. In addition, our executive officers are also the executive officers of our Manager. This could lead to unintentional
subjectivity in matters of corporate governance, especially in matters of compensation and related party transactions. We also do not
benefit from the advantages of having any independent directors, including bringing an outside perspective on strategy and control, adding
new skills and knowledge that may not be available within the Company, having extra checks and balances to prevent fraud and produce reliable
financial reports. At such time that we have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon conflicts of interest
matters, including transactions between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
Terminating the Management Agreement for unsatisfactory
performance of our Manager or electing not to renew the Management Agreement may be difficult.
Termination of the Management Agreement
with our Manager without cause is difficult and costly. During the initial five-year term of the Management Agreement, we may not terminate
the Management Agreement except for cause. Our Board of Directors will review our Manager’s performance and, following the initial
five-year term, the Management Agreement will be automatically renewed annually for an additional one-year term unless the agreement is
terminated upon the affirmative vote of the Board of Directors based upon our Manager’s unsatisfactory performance that is materially
detrimental to us. Our Manager will be provided 180 days’ prior notice of any such termination. Currently, because we have no independent
directors and executive officers that are also officers of the Manager, there is no arm’s length relationship between our Manager,
our Board of Directors, and our executive officers. At such time that we have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority
will act upon conflicts of interest matters, including transactions between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts
of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
Our Board of Directors will approve very broad investment
guidelines for our Manager and will not approve each investment and financing decision made by our Manager unless required by our investment
guidelines.
Our Manager will be authorized to follow
very broad investment guidelines. Our Board of Directors will periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio
but will not, and will not be required to, review all of our proposed investments. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, our Board
of Directors may rely primarily on information provided to them by our Manager. Furthermore, our Manager may use complex strategies, and
transactions entered into by our Manager may be costly, difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by our Board of
Directors. Our Manager will have great latitude within the broad parameters of our investment guidelines in determining the types and
amounts of target assets it may decide are attractive investments for us, which could result in investment returns that are substantially
below expectations or that result in losses, which would materially and adversely affect our business operations and results. Further,
decisions made, and investments and financing arrangements entered into by our Manager may not fully reflect the best interests of our
stockholders.
We will have no recourse to our Sponsor if it does not
fulfill its obligations under the support agreement, and our recourse against our Manager if it does not fulfill its obligations under
the management agreement will be limited to our termination of the management agreement.
Our Manager has no employees or separate
facilities. As a result, our Manager has entered into a support agreement with our Sponsor pursuant to which our Sponsor will provide
our Manager with the personnel, services and resources necessary for our Manager to perform its obligations and responsibilities under
the management agreement in exchange for certain amounts payable by our Manager. Because we are not a party to the support agreement,
we will not have any recourse to our Sponsor if it does not fulfill its obligations under the support agreement, or if our Sponsor and
our Manager choose to amend or terminate the support agreement. Also, our Manager only has limited assets and our recourse against our
Manager if it does not fulfill its obligations under the management agreement will likely be limited to our termination of the management
agreement.
Our Manager’s liability is limited under the Management
Agreement, and we have agreed to indemnify our Manager against certain liabilities. As a result, we could experience poor performance
or losses for which our Manager would not be liable.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement, our
Manager will not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder and will not be responsible for any
action of our Board of Directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. Under the terms of the Management
Agreement, our Manager, its officers, members, managers, directors, personnel, any person controlling or controlled by our Manager and
any person providing services to our Manager will not be liable to us, any subsidiary of ours, our stockholders or partners or any subsidiary’s
stockholders or partners for acts or omissions performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Management Agreement, except by reason
of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the Management Agreement
pursuant to a final unappealable judgment. In addition, we will agree to indemnify our Manager, its officers, stockholders, members, managers,
directors, personnel, any person controlling or controlled by our Manager and any person providing services to our Manager with respect
to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our Manager that do not stem from a final
unappealable judgment of bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties that are performed in good faith
in accordance with and pursuant to the Management Agreement.
Risks Related to Real Estate and Our Investments
Our commercial real estate and real estate-related assets
will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate.
Our commercial real estate and real estate-related
assets will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate. The value of real estate may be adversely affected by a number
of risks, including:
| · | failure to obtain the requisite government approvals for the development or renovation of our investments
for a particular use or improvements; |
| · | natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and floods; |
| · | acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist attacks, such as those that occurred
on September 11, 2001 or those that have been carried out or inspired by ISIS and other radical terrorist groups; |
| · | adverse changes in national and local economic and real estate conditions; |
| · | an oversupply of (or a reduction in demand for) space in the areas where particular properties are located
and the attractiveness of particular properties to prospective tenants; |
| · | changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs
of compliance therewith and the potential for liability under applicable laws; |
| · | costs of remediation and liabilities associated with environmental, ADA and other physical conditions
affecting properties; and |
| · | the potential for uninsured or underinsured property losses. |
The value of each property is affected significantly
by its ability to generate cash flow and net income, which in turn depends on the amount of rental or other income that can be generated
net of expenses required to be incurred with respect to the property. Many expenditures associated with properties (such as operating
expenses and capital expenditures) cannot be reduced when there is a reduction in income from the properties.
These factors may have a material adverse
effect on the value that we can realize from our assets.
Inflation may adversely affect our real estate operations.
Inflation increased substantially throughout
2022 as a result of increases in energy costs caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting warfare. We expect that inflation
will continue to cause our operating expenses and interest expenses to rise, and it may cause construction and maintenances costs to increase.
Inflation could also have an adverse effect on consumer spending which could impact the willingness and ability of tenants to enter
into leases on our properties. This in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations,
and cash flow.
Inflation generally leads to higher interest
rates, which could adversely affect our overall business and financial condition, including by reducing the fair value of our assets and
adversely affecting our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, and negatively impacting the value of properties and
the ability of prospective buyers to obtain financing for properties we wish to sell. This may affect our earnings results, reduce our
ability to sell our assets, or reduce our liquidity. Furthermore, our business and financial results may be harmed by our inability to
accurately anticipate developments associated with changes in, or the outlook for, interest rates.
Our Manager’s due diligence may not reveal all factors
or risks affecting a property.
There can be no assurance that our Manager’s
due diligence processes will uncover all relevant facts that would be material to an investment decision. Before making an investment,
our Manager will assess the strength of the underlying properties and any other factors that it believes are material to the performance
of the investment. In making the assessment and otherwise conducting customary due diligence, our Manager will rely on the resources available
to it and, in some cases, investigations by third parties.
The actual rents we receive for the properties in our
portfolio may be less than estimated market rents, and we may experience a decline in realized rental rates from time to time, which could
adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
As a result of potential factors, including
competitive pricing pressure in our markets, a general economic downturn and the desirability of our properties compared to other properties
in our markets, we may be unable to realize our estimated market rents across the properties in our portfolio. In addition, depending
on market rental rates at any given time as compared to expiring leases on properties in our portfolio, from time to time rental rates
for expiring leases may be higher than starting rental rates for new leases. If we are unable to obtain sufficient rental rates across
our portfolio, then our ability to generate cash flow growth will be negatively impacted.
Properties that have significant vacancies could be difficult
to sell, which could diminish the return on these properties.
A property may incur vacancies either by
the expiration of tenant leases or the continued default of tenants under their leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time,
we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, the resale value of
the property could be diminished because the market value of our properties will depend principally upon the value of the cash flow generated
by the leases associated with that property. Such a reduction in the resale value of a property could also reduce the value of our stockholders’
investment.
Further, a decline in general economic conditions
in the markets in which our investments are located or in the U.S. generally could lead to an increase in tenant defaults, lower rental
rates and less demand for commercial real estate space in those markets. As a result of these trends, we may be more inclined to provide
leasing incentives to our tenants in order to compete in a more competitive leasing environment. Such trends may result in reduced revenue
and lower resale value of properties, which may reduce your return.
We may enter into long-term leases with tenants in certain
properties, which may not result in fair market rental rates over time.
We may enter into long-term leases with
tenants of certain of our properties or include renewal options that specify a maximum rate increase. These leases often provide for rent
to increase over time; however, if we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates, we may set the terms
of these long-term leases at levels such that, even after contractual rent increases, the rent under our long-term leases is less than
then-current market rates. Further, we may have no ability to terminate those leases or to adjust the rent to then-prevailing market rates.
As a result, our cash available for distribution could be lower than if we did not enter into long-term leases.
Certain properties that we acquire may not have efficient
alternative uses and we may have difficulty leasing them to new tenants and/or have to make significant capital expenditures to get them
to do so.
Certain of our properties may be difficult
to lease to new tenants, should the current tenant terminate or choose not to renew its lease. These properties generally have received
significant tenant-specific improvements and only very specific tenants may be able to use such improvements, making the properties very
difficult to re-lease in their current condition. Additionally, an interested tenant may demand that, as a condition of executing a lease
for the property, we finance and construct significant improvements so that the tenant could use the property. This expense may decrease
cash available for distribution, as we likely would have to (i) pay for the improvements up-front or (ii) finance the improvements at
potentially unattractive terms.
We depend on tenants for our revenue, and lease defaults
or terminations could reduce our net income and limit our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
The success of our investments materially
depends on the financial stability of our tenants. A default or termination by a tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to
lose the revenue associated with such lease and require us to find an alternative source of revenue to meet mortgage payments and prevent
a foreclosure, if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a tenant default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing
our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing our property. If a tenant defaults
on or terminates a lease, we may be unable to lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring
a loss. These events could cause us to reduce the amount of dividends paid out to you.
We expect to acquire primarily qualified opportunity zone
investments, with a focus on markets with favorable risk-return characteristics. If our investments in these geographic areas experience
adverse economic conditions, our investments may lose value and we may experience losses.
We expect to use substantially all of the
net proceeds from this offering to acquire a diversified portfolio of qualified opportunity zone investments with a focus on markets where
we feel that the risk-return characteristics are favorable. These investments will carry the risks associated with certain markets where
we end up acquiring properties. As a result, we may experience losses as a result of being overly concentrated in certain geographic areas.
A worsening of economic conditions in U.S. markets and, in particular, the markets where we end up acquiring properties, could have an
adverse effect on our business and could impair the value of our collateral.
Prospective investment opportunities will be in low income
areas.
Investment opportunities will primarily
include projects and initiatives located in low-income areas, including, without limitation, low-income housing developments and businesses
located in low income areas. There are significant risks associated with the ownership of these projects and initiatives. There may be
federal, state and local governmental regulatory restrictions on the operation, rental and transfer of these investments, such as the
requirement that the owners of the investments rent or sell certain residential units to persons or families of low or moderate income
and that the amount of rent that may be charged for these units may be less than market rates. These restrictions may adversely affect
economic performance relative to properties that are not subject to these restrictions. For example, selling property that is subject
to affordable housing regulatory restrictions may limit its sale price, and accordingly adversely impact the Company’s investment
performance. In addition, the long-term nature of investments in government-assisted housing limits the ability of the Company to vary
its portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions; these properties are also subject to changes in local
economic circumstances and housing patterns, as well as rising operating costs, vacancies, rent collection difficulties, energy shortages
and other factors which have an impact on real estate values. These properties also require greater management expertise and may have
higher operating expenses than conventional housing projects. Properties in low-income areas may also (a) be in an early stage of development
and not have a proven operating history, (b) be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, (c) be engaged
in a rapidly changing business with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, (d) require substantial additional capital
to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position, (e) rely on the services of a limited number
of key individuals, the loss of any of whom could significantly adversely affect a project’s performance, (f) face intense competition,
including competition from companies and projects with greater financial resources, more extensive development, marketing and other capabilities,
and a larger number of qualified management and technical personnel, (g) utilize innovative and untested operational and business strategies,
including new business partnerships and teams, and (h) otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial difficulties
that could result in insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the project. Further, there is often less publicly
available information concerning these properties than for larger, more established businesses. These risks may adversely affect the performance
of the properties and result in substantial losses. Furthermore, many of the risks associated with investing in real estate may be exacerbated
in connection with properties in low-income areas. A downturn in the economy may impact the success of businesses in low-income areas
and the operations of tenants in low-income areas. Businesses in which the Company has invested may experience declining revenues or file
for bankruptcy. In addition, tenants in properties held by the Company may experience declining revenues, vacate the premises early, or
file for bankruptcy, which could reduce a tenant’s ability to pay base rent, percentage rent or other charges. Further, the Company’s
ability to re-lease vacant spaces may be negatively impacted by the economic environment. As a result, a downturn in the economy could
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s performance.
We may make investments in Distressed or Troubled Assets
including Turnaround Situations.
The Company may make substantial investments
in non-performing, underperforming, or other troubled assets, which involve a high degree of financial risk and are experiencing or are
expected to experience severe financial difficulties, which may never be overcome and, as a result, may lead to a loss of some or all
of the Company’s investment. These investments may have been originated by financial institutions that are insolvent, in serious
financial difficulty, or no longer in existence; and, as a result, the standards by which these investments were originated, the recourse
to the selling institution, or the standards by which these investments are being serviced or operated may be adversely affected. In addition,
certain of the Company’s investments may become subject to compromise and/or discharge under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy
Code”). Entities that later file for relief as debtors in proceedings under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code may, in certain circumstances,
be subject to litigation which could further impair value. Under certain circumstances, payments to the Company and distributions by the
Company to Stockholders may be reclaimed in these proceedings if any payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent
conveyance or a preferential payment or the equivalent under the laws of certain jurisdictions. Bankruptcy laws may delay the ability
of the Company to realize on collateral for loan positions held by it or may adversely affect the priority of the loans through doctrines
such as equitable subordination. Bankruptcy laws may also result in a restructuring of the debt without the Company’s consent under
the “cramdown” provisions of the bankruptcy laws and may also result in a discharge of all or part of the debt without payment
to the Company. In addition, a property or entity involved in a turnaround situation entails significant risks if the Company’s
evaluation of the anticipated outcome of the situation should prove incorrect. Furthermore, an investment in a property or entity involved
in a turnaround situation may be adversely impacted if the Company’s evaluation of the timing of the outcome should prove incorrect.
Any labor relations discord or work stoppage could negatively
affect our investment returns.
Certain properties, companies or businesses
which the Company may operate or in which the Company may invest may have unionized work forces or employees who are covered by a collective
bargaining agreement, which could subject its activities and labor relations matters to complex laws and regulations relating unionized
work forces. Moreover, a business’s operations and profitability could suffer if it experiences labor relations problems. Upon the
expiration of any collective bargaining agreements, these properties, companies or businesses may be unable to negotiate new collective
bargaining agreements on terms favorable to it, and its business operations at one or more of its facilities may be interrupted as a result
of labor disputes or difficulties and delays in the process of renegotiating its collective bargaining agreements. A work stoppage at
one or more of a business’s facilities could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial
condition. Any problems may also adversely affect the Company’s ability to implement its investment objectives.
If any of our significant tenants were adversely affected
by a material business downturn or were to become bankrupt or insolvent, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
General and regional economic conditions
may adversely affect our major tenants and potential tenants in our markets. Our major tenants may experience a material business downturn,
which could potentially result in a failure to make timely rental payments and/or a default under their leases. In many cases, through
tenant improvement allowances and other concessions, we will have made substantial up-front investments in the applicable leases that
we may not be able to recover. In the event of a tenant default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights and may also incur substantial
costs to protect our investments.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major
tenant or lease guarantor may adversely affect the income produced by our properties and may delay our efforts to collect past due balances
under the relevant leases and could ultimately preclude collection of these sums altogether. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy,
we would have only a general unsecured claim for damages that is limited in amount and which may only be paid to the extent that funds
are available and in the same percentage as is paid to all other holders of unsecured claims.
If any of our significant tenants were to
become bankrupt or insolvent, suffer a downturn in their business, default under their leases, fail to renew their leases or renew on
terms less favorable to us than their current terms, our results of operations and cash flow could be adversely affected.
We intend to enter into joint ventures, partnerships,
co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements or participations with affiliates of our Sponsor and Manager.
All of our assets are and will continue
to be held by, and all of our operations are and will continue to be conducted through one or more operating companies (each an “Operating
Company” and together the “Operating Companies”), either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries. To further diversify
our investment portfolio, we also intend to enter into joint ventures, partnerships, co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements
or participations with affiliates of our Sponsor and Manager, or its affiliates, (collectively referred to as the “Park View Group”),
as well as independent developers and owners.
We anticipate acquiring an interest in properties
where a member of the Park View Group will act as general partner or co-general partner, manager or co-manager, developer or co-developer,
or any of the foregoing, substantially all of which will be structured in one of the following formats:
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A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of a joint venture in which our Operating Companies, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, will participate as limited partners or non-managing members, and a member of the Park View Group will act as the developer of the projects owned by the joint venture. |
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A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of joint ventures in which subsidiaries of our Operating Companies will participate as limited partners or non-managing members. A member of the Park View Group will partner with local developers to create satellite offices, which will act as the developer for multiple joint venture projects with our Operating Companies, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, within specific regions of the United States and its territories. |
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Our Manager or a member of Park View Group will set up exclusive programmatic joint ventures with experienced regional developers to co-invest and co-develop in one or more projects within specific regions of the United States and its territories. A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of the programmatic joint ventures with subsidiaries of our Operating Companies participating limited partners or non-managing members. |
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Our Manager or a member of the Park View Group will enter into joint ventures with experienced local developers to co-invest and co-develop projects on a deal-by-deal basis. A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of the joint ventures with subsidiaries of our Operating Companies participating as limited partners or non-managing members. A member of the Park View Group will act as the co-developer of projects with the joint venture partners and developers. |
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Our Manager or a member of the Park View Group will enter into joint ventures with independent third-party experienced local developers to co-invest and co-develop on our behalf. Typically, the joint venture partners and developers will act as the general partner or managing member for the joint ventures with subsidiaries of our Operating Companies participating as limited partners or non-managing members. |
We do not anticipate members of the Park
View Group making any capital commitments to, or cash investments in, any of our joint venture investments. In addition, any membership
interests that members of the Park View Group hold in our joint venture investments in their capacity as a general partner, manager or
managing member will be exempt from paying any promotes.
Under these joint venture arrangements,
members of the Park View Group, their development affiliates and co-development partners will be entitled to receive project level fees,
reimbursement by the joint ventures for fees and expenses, on a deal-by-deal basis and other fees. For a detailed description of our anticipated
joint venture, partnerships, co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements, see “Investment Objectives and Strategies—Opportunity
and Market Overview—Joint Venture and Other Co-Ownership Arrangements” for additional details regarding our joint ventures,
partnerships, co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements.
We may make a substantial amount of joint venture investments,
including with affiliates of our Manager and Sponsor, such as members of the Park View Group. Joint venture investments could be adversely
affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on the financial condition of our joint venture partners and disputes
between us and our joint venture partners.
We may co-invest in joint ventures with
affiliates of our Manager and Sponsor, including members of the Park View Group, or third parties in partnerships or other entities that
own real estate properties. We may acquire non-controlling interests in joint ventures. Even if we have some control in a joint venture,
we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the joint venture. Investments in joint ventures may,
under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were another party not involved, including the possibility that joint venture partners
might become bankrupt or fail to fund their required capital contributions. Joint venture partners may have economic or other business
interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our
policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we
nor the joint venture partner would have full control over the joint venture. Disputes between us and joint venture partners may result
in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort
on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with joint venture partners might result in subjecting properties owned by the joint
venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our joint venture partners.
If we have a right of first
refusal to buy out a joint venture partner, we may be unable to finance such a buy-out if it becomes exercisable or we are required to
purchase such interest at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so. If our interest is subject to a buy/sell
right, we may not have sufficient cash, available borrowing capacity or other capital resources to allow us to elect to purchase an interest
of a joint venture partner subject to the buy/sell right, in which case we may be forced to sell our interest as the result of the exercise
of such right when we would otherwise prefer to keep our interest. In some joint ventures we may be obligated to buy all or a portion
of our joint venture partner’s interest in connection with a crystallization event, and we may be unable to finance such a buy-out
when such crystallization event occurs, which may result in interest or other penalties accruing on the purchase price. If we buy our
joint venture partner’s interest, we will have increased exposure in the underlying investment. The price we use to buy our joint
venture partner’s interest or sell our interest is typically determined by negotiations between us and our joint venture partner
and there is no assurance that such price will be representative of the value of the underlying property or equal to our then-current
market valuation of our interest in the joint venture that is used to calculate our NAV. Finally, we may not be able to sell our interest
in a joint venture if we desire to exit the venture for any reason or if our interest is likewise subject to a right of first refusal
of our joint venture partner, our ability to sell such interest may be adversely impacted by such right. Joint ownership arrangements
with affiliates of our Manager and Sponsor, including members of the Park View Group, may also entail further conflicts of interest. Some
additional risks and conflicts related to our joint venture investments (including joint venture investments with our Manager, Sponsor
and members of the Park View Group) include:
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the joint venture partner may have economic or other interests that are inconsistent with our interests, including interests relating to the financing, management, operation, leasing or sale of the assets purchased by such joint venture; |
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tax, Investment Company Act and other regulatory requirements applicable to the joint venture partner may cause it to want to take actions contrary to our interests; |
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the joint venture partner may have joint control of the joint venture even in cases where its economic stake in the joint venture is significantly less than ours; |
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under the joint venture arrangement, neither we nor the joint venture partner will be in a position to unilaterally control the joint venture, and deadlocks may occur. Such deadlocks could adversely impact the operations and profitability of the joint venture, including as a result of the inability of the joint venture to act quickly in connection with a potential acquisition or disposition. In addition, depending on the governance structure of such joint venture partner, decisions of such vehicle may be subject to approval by individuals who are independent of us; |
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under the joint venture arrangement, we and the joint venture partner may have a buy/sell right and, as a result of an impasse that triggers the exercise of such right, we may be forced to sell our investment in the joint venture, or buy the joint venture partner’s share of the joint venture at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so; and |
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our participation in investments in which a joint venture partner participates will be less than what our participation would have been had such other vehicle not participated, and because there may be no limit on the amount of capital that such joint venture partner can raise, the degree of our participation in such investments may decrease over time. |
Furthermore, we may have conflicting fiduciary
obligations if we acquire properties with our affiliates or other related entities; as a result, in any such transaction we may not have
the benefit of arm’s-length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
Actions of any co-investment partners that we may have
in the future could reduce the returns on co-investment investments and decrease our stockholders’ overall return.
We may enter into co-investments to acquire
properties and other assets. We may also purchase and develop properties in co-investments or in partnerships, co-tenancies or other co-ownership
arrangements. Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present with other methods of investment, including, for example, the following
risks:
| · | that our co-venturer, co-tenant or partner in an investment could become insolvent or bankrupt; |
| · | that such co-venturer, co-tenant or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals
that are or that become inconsistent with our business interests or goals; |
| · | that such co-venturer, co-tenant or partner may be delegated certain “day-to-day” property
operating procedures; |
| · | that such co-venturer, co-tenant or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions
or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; or |
| · | that disputes between us and our co-venturer, co-tenant or partner may result in litigation or arbitration
that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our operations. |
Any of the above might subject a property
to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and thus reduce our returns on that investment and the value of your investment.
Costs imposed pursuant to governmental laws and regulations
may reduce our net income and the cash available for dividends to our stockholders.
Real property and the operations conducted
on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health.
We could be subject to liability in the form of fines, penalties or damages for noncompliance with these laws and regulations. These laws
and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage
tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the remediation of contamination associated
with the release or disposal of solid and hazardous materials, the presence of toxic building materials and other health and safety-related
concerns.
Some of these laws and regulations may impose
joint and several liability on the tenants, owners or operators of real property for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated
properties, regardless of fault, whether the contamination occurred prior to purchase, or whether the acts causing the contamination were
legal. Activities of our tenants, the condition of properties at the time we buy them, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such
as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties.
The presence of hazardous substances, or
the failure to effectively manage, insure, bond over, or remediate these substances, may hinder our ability to sell, rent or pledge such
property as collateral for future borrowings. Any material expenditures, fines, penalties or damages we must pay will reduce our ability
to pay dividends and may reduce the value of your investment.
The costs of defending against claims of environmental
liability, of complying with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property or of paying personal injury
or other damage claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
Under various federal, state and local environmental
laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous real property owner or operator may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating
hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. These costs could be substantial. Such laws often impose liability whether
or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also
may impose liens on property or restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions
may require substantial expenditures or prevent us from entering into leases with prospective tenants that may be impacted by such laws.
Environmental laws provide for sanctions for noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances,
by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for the release of and exposure
to hazardous substances, including asbestos-containing materials and lead-based paint. Third parties may seek recovery from real property
owners or operators for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances and governments may
seek recovery for natural resource damage. The costs of defending against claims of environmental liability, of complying with environmental
regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury, property damage or natural resource damage
claims could reduce the amounts available for distribution to you.
We expect that all of our properties will
be subject to Phase I environmental assessments at the time they are acquired; however, such assessments may not provide complete environmental
histories due, for example, to limited available information about prior operations at the properties or other gaps in information at
the time we acquire the property. A Phase I environmental assessment is an initial environmental investigation to identify potential environmental
liabilities associated with the current and past uses of a given property. If any of our properties were found to contain hazardous or
toxic substances after our acquisition, the value of our investment could decrease below the amount paid for such investment.
Costs associated with complying with the Americans with
Disabilities Act may decrease cash available for dividends.
Our properties may be subject to the Americans
with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the ADA. Under the ADA, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal
requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations”
and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people
with disabilities. The ADA’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive
relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. Any funds used for ADA compliance will reduce our net income and the
amount of cash available for dividends to you.
Uninsured losses relating to real property or excessively
expensive premiums for insurance coverage could reduce our cash flows and the return on our stockholders’ investment.
There are types of losses, generally catastrophic
in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pandemics, pollution or environmental matters,
that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments.
Insurance risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and
casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases insist that commercial property owners purchase coverage against terrorism
as a condition for providing mortgage loans. Such insurance policies may not be available at reasonable costs, if at all, which could
inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support,
either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate coverage for such losses. If
any of our properties incur a casualty loss that is not fully insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured or
under insured loss, which may reduce the value of your investment. In addition, other than any working capital reserve or other reserves
we may establish, we have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured or under insured property. Also, to the extent we
must pay unexpectedly large amounts for insurance, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in lower dividends to you.
Hedging against interest rate exposure may adversely affect
our earnings, limit our gains or result in losses, which could adversely affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may enter into interest rate swap agreements
or pursue other interest rate hedging strategies. Our hedging activity will vary in scope based on the level of interest rates, the type
and expected duration of portfolio investments held, and other changing market conditions. Interest rate hedging may fail to protect or
could adversely affect us because, among other things:
| · | interest rate hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile interest rates; |
| · | available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection
is sought; |
| · | the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability or asset; |
| · | our hedging opportunities may be limited by the treatment of income from hedging transactions under the
rules determining REIT qualification; |
| · | the credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs
our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; |
| · | the party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay; and |
| · | we may purchase a hedge that turns out not to be necessary, i.e., a hedge that is out of the money. |
Any hedging activity we engage in may adversely
affect our earnings, which could adversely affect cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Therefore, while we may enter into
such transactions to seek to reduce interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in interest rates may result in poorer overall investment
performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements
of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged or liabilities being hedged
may vary materially. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments
and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us
to risk of loss.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability
to hedge effectively.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit
our ability to hedge our assets and operations. Under these provisions, any income that we generate from transactions intended to hedge
our interest rate, inflation and/or currency risks will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the REIT 75% and 95% gross income
tests if the instrument hedges (1) interest rate risk on liabilities incurred to carry or acquire real estate, (2) risk of currency fluctuations
with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the REIT 75% or 95% gross income tests or (3) certain
other offsetting positions, and such instrument is properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations. Income from hedging transactions
that do not meet these requirements will generally constitute nonqualifying income for purposes of both the REIT 75% and 95% gross income
tests. As a result of these rules, we may have to limit our use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which could
result in greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.
Many of our investments are illiquid and we may not be
able to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.
Many factors that are beyond our control
affect the real estate market and could affect our ability to sell properties and other investments for the price, on the terms or within
the time frame that we desire. These factors include general economic conditions, the availability of financing, interest rates and other
factors, including supply and demand. Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, we have a limited ability to vary our portfolio
in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Further, before we can sell a property on the terms we want, it may be necessary
to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements. However, we can give no assurance that we will have the funds available to
correct such defects or to make such improvements. As a result, we expect many of our investments will be illiquid, and if we are required
to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded
our investments and our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited,
which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Declines in the market values of our investments may adversely
affect periodic reported results of operations and credit availability, which may reduce earnings and, in turn, cash available for distribution
to our stockholders.
Some of our assets will be classified for
accounting purposes as “available-for-sale.” These investments are carried at estimated fair value and temporary changes in
the market values of those assets will be directly charged or credited to stockholders’ equity without impacting net income on the
income statement. Moreover, if we determine that a decline in the estimated fair value of an available-for-sale security falls below its
amortized value and is not temporary, we will recognize a loss on that security on the income statement, which will reduce our earnings
in the period recognized.
A decline in the market value of our assets
may adversely affect us particularly in instances where we have borrowed money based on the market value of those assets. If the market
value of those assets declines, the lender may require us to post additional collateral to support the loan. If we were unable to post
the additional collateral, we may have to sell assets at a time when we might not otherwise choose to do so. A reduction in credit available
may reduce our earnings and, in turn, cash available for distribution to stockholders.
Further, credit facility providers may require
us to maintain a certain amount of cash reserves or to set aside unlevered assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position,
which would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would
choose, which could reduce our return on equity. In the event that we are unable to meet these contractual obligations, our financial
condition could deteriorate rapidly.
Market values of our investments may decline
for a number of reasons, such as changes in prevailing market capitalization rates, increases in market vacancy, or decreases in market
rents.
If we sell a property by providing financing to the purchaser,
we will bear the risk of default by the purchaser, which could delay or reduce the dividends available to our stockholders.
If we decide to sell any of our properties,
we intend to use our best efforts to sell them for cash; however, in some instances, we may sell our properties by providing financing
to purchasers. When we provide financing to a purchaser, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default, which could reduce our
cash dividends to stockholders. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of the sale to our stockholders,
or the reinvestment of the proceeds in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory note or other property we may accept upon a
sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed.
Risks Related to this Offering and Our Corporate Structure
Investors in this offering may purchase shares at a higher
price than the price of shares at the time of closing and will not have the right to withdraw their subscription, even if the price decreases.
We set our initial offering
price at $100.00 per share of common stock, which is the purchase price of our common stock as of the date this offering circular is qualified
by the SEC. In the future we may amend the offering price of our shares to reflect material changes in the fund by amending this document
with the SEC. We may pursue an adjusted offering price at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. We also need to maintain our
status as a qualified opportunity fund, and ensure that at least 90% of our assets consist of “qualified opportunity zone property”
(the “90% Asset Test”), which may result in postponing the acceptance of some or all of the investor subscription payments
until the following quarter. Because we base the purchase price for the shares of our common stock on the date on which the investor’s
subscription is initially submitted, it is possible that the applicable purchase price is higher than the price of the shares at the Closing
Date (defined further below).
Subscriptions in this offering will be accepted or rejected
within 15 days of receiving the subscription. However, if a subscription is accepted, such funds will remain in escrow until the Closing
Date, which will occur no less often than quarterly.
During the period of time between the initial
submission of an investor’s subscription and determination of acceptance, such subscription funds will remain in escrow for 15 days.
Additionally, once an investor’s subscription is accepted, such funds will remain in escrow until the Closing Date, which will occur
no less often than quarterly. During such time periods, the investors will not have the right to withdraw their commitment or receive
a return of their subscription payment from the Company prior to the acceptance of their subscription agreement or prior to the Closing
Date, subject to the Company’s discretion. Additionally, the investors will have no rights as stockholders of the Company, including
voting and dividend rights, until the next Closing Date after their subscription agreements have been accepted by the Company.
Our shares are quoted on the OTC Market under the symbol
PVOZ; however, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares and, if you are able to sell your shares, you may have to sell them at
a substantial discount to the offering price.
We are not required to effectuate a liquidity
event by any specific date. In addition, our charter does not require us to list our shares for trading on a securities exchange by a
specified date or at all. Any subsequent sale of shares of our common stock must comply with applicable state and federal securities laws.
Our charter prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding
shares of common stock, or 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding capital stock, unless
exempted by our Board of Directors, which may inhibit large investors from desiring to purchase your shares. In addition, our charter
contains certain restrictions on the beneficial ownership of shares in order to avoid being deemed “plan assets” under Title
I of ERISA. See “Description of Capital Stock and Certain Provisions of Maryland Law, our Charter and Bylaws—Restrictions
on Ownership of Shares.” As a result of the foregoing, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all.
If you are able to sell your shares, you may have to sell them at a discount to their offering price. It is also likely that your shares
will not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. You should purchase our shares only as a long-term investment because of the
illiquid nature of the shares.
The ownership limits that apply to REITs, as prescribed
by the Code and by our charter, limit the number of shares a person may own, which may inhibit market activity in shares of our common
stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.
In order for us to qualify as a REIT, not
more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined
in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year after the first year for which we elect
to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year (other
than the first taxable year for which we elect to be taxed as a REIT). Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors
to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. To help us comply with the REIT ownership
requirements of the Code, our charter prohibits a person from directly, beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8% by value
or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding shares of common stock, or 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever
is more restrictive, of our outstanding capital stock, unless exempted by our Board of Directors. These 9.8% ownership limitations will
apply as of the first date of the second taxable year for which we elect to be treated as a REIT. However, our charter will also prohibit
any actual, beneficial or constructive ownership of our shares that causes us to fail to qualify as a REIT (including any ownership that
would result in any of our income that would otherwise qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT rules
to fail to qualify as such) and such ownership limitation shall not be waived. In addition, our charter will prohibit a person from owning
actually or constructively shares of our outstanding capital stock if such ownership would result in any of our income that would otherwise
qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT rules to fail to qualify as such. Our Board of Directors may,
in its sole discretion, subject to such conditions as it may determine and the receipt of certain representations and undertakings, prospectively
or retroactively, waive the 9.8% ownership limits or establish a different limit on ownership, or excepted holder limit, for a particular
stockholder if the stockholder’s ownership in excess of the ownership limit would not result in our being “closely held”
under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT. These restrictions may have the effect of delaying, deferring,
or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially
all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our charter permits our Board of Directors to issue stock
with terms that may subordinate the rights of our common stockholders or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that could
result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our Board of Directors may classify or reclassify any unissued common
stock or preferred stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends
and other dividends, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock. Thus, our Board of Directors could authorize
the issuance of preferred stock with priority as to dividends and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our
common stock. Such preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including
an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium
price to holders of our common stock. In connection with the foregoing, following completion of this offering, to the extent necessary
to assist us in obtaining a sufficient number of stockholders to meet certain of the qualification requirements for taxation as a REIT
under the Code, we may undertake to issue and sell up to approximately 125 shares of a new series of preferred stock in a private placement
to up to approximately 125 investors who qualify as “accredited investors” (as that term is defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation
D under the Securities Act). The preferred stock is expected to be perpetual, pay an annual market dividend for securities of this type
and be redeemable by us at a premium to the aggregate liquidation value. For example, if we issue 125 shares of preferred
stock with a liquidation price of $1,000 per share and an annual dividend of 12.5%, we would raise additional capital of $125,000 and
be required to be pay or set aside for payment, in the aggregate, approximately $15,625 annually, before any distributions on shares of
our common stock could be made.
Our stockholders’ interest will be diluted if we
issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of their investment.
Potential investors in this offering will not have preemptive rights
to any shares we issue in the future. Our charter authorizes us to issue 10,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which 9,000,000 shares
are designated as common stock and 1,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock. We may only issue up to $74,980,000 in shares of
common stock pursuant to this offering in any 12-month period (although we may raise capital in other ways). Our Board of Directors may
increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock without stockholder approval. From time to time, our Board of Directors may
elect to (i) sell additional shares in this or future offerings; (ii) issue equity interests in private offerings; (iii) issue additional
shares of our capital stock as compensation, to extinguish debt and for other purposes, all of which can be dilutive to our stockholders.
To the extent we issue additional equity interests after your purchase in this offering your percentage ownership interest in us would
be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings, the use of the proceeds and the value of our
real estate investments, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of your shares and in the earnings and dividends
per share.
Rapid changes in the values of our assets may make it
more difficult for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT or our exception from the definition of an investment company under the
Investment Company Act of 1940.
If the market value or income potential
of our qualifying real estate assets changes as compared to the market value or income potential of our non-qualifying assets, or if the
market value or income potential of our assets that are considered “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company
Act or REIT qualification tests changes as compared to the market value or income potential of our assets that are not considered “real
estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act or REIT qualification tests, whether as a result of increased interest rates,
prepayment rates or other factors, we may need to modify our investment portfolio in order to maintain our REIT qualification or exception
from the definition of an investment company. If the decline in asset values or income occurs quickly, this may be especially difficult,
if not impossible, to accomplish. This difficulty may be exacerbated by the illiquid nature of many of the assets that we may own. We
may have to make investment decisions that we otherwise would not make absent REIT and Investment Company Act considerations.
Our stockholders will have limited voting rights and will
not have control over changes in our policies and operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.
Our Manager and/or our Board of Directors
determines our major policies, including our policies regarding financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and dividends.
Our Manager and/or our Board of Directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders. Under Maryland
General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. Our Manager’s and/or our
Board of Directors’ broad discretion in setting policies and our stockholders’ inability to exert control over those policies
increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.
The Board is authorized to revoke the Company’s REIT election
without stockholder approval.
The Charter authorizes the
Board to elect not to be a REIT, or to revoke or otherwise terminate any future REIT election, without the approval of Stockholders, if
it determines that it is no longer in the Company’s best interests to qualify as a REIT. The Board has duties to the Company and
could only cause such changes in the Company’s tax treatment if it determines in good faith that the changes are in the best interest
of the Company. In this event, the Company would become subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax on the Company’s taxable
income and the Company would no longer be required to distribute most of the Company’s net income to Stockholders, which may cause
a reduction in the total return to Stockholders.
The Board is authorized to revoke the Company’s Qualified
Opportunity Fund election without stockholder approval.
The Charter authorizes the
Board to revoke or otherwise terminate the Company’s Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF) election, without the approval of Stockholders,
if it determines that it is no longer in the Company’s best interests to qualify as a QOF. The Board has duties to the Company and
could only cause such changes in the Company’s tax treatment if it determines in good faith that the changes are in the best interest
of the Company. The laws governing qualified opportunity fund tax incentives are new and relatively untested provisions of the tax code.
Additionally, there are cost and potential penalties associated with maintaining our status as a qualified opportunity fund. It is possible
that opportunity zone benefits compliance or benefit criteria could be changed or interpreted in ways we currently do not foresee, leaving
our current tax efficient strategy muted or unworkable.
If funding becomes unavailable, we may be
unable to complete contractual obligations or planned property improvements.
The availability of both equity
and debt financing can change rapidly. We may face situations where access to financing is less than we anticipated. Restricted access
to capital markets could lead to additional costs if it causes us to have difficulty fulfilling contractual obligations or leaves us unable
to complete the improvement of a property in a timely manner.
The offering price of our shares was not established in
reliance on a valuation of our assets and liabilities; the actual value of your investment may be substantially less than what you pay.
We established the offering
price of our shares at $100.00 per share on an arbitrary basis. The selling price of our shares bears no relationship to our book or asset
values or to any other established criteria for valuing shares. This price has been arbitrarily determined by the Manager may be adjusted
from time to time based on many subjective estimates including, market sentiment and trends for commercial real estate, future occupancy
rates, economic outlook for the communities we invest in and more.
If we are required to file a post-qualification amendment
after the date of the Offering Circular we may be delayed in our ability to sell shares pursuant to this Offering Circular.
Pursuant to the rules of Regulation A, we
are required to file a post-qualification amendment to reflect any facts or events arising after the qualification date of this Offering
Circular (or the most recent post-qualification amendment hereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth herein. We also may be required to suspend ongoing offerings and sales of shares of common stock under this
Offering Circular until such post-qualification amendment is qualified by the Commission. If we are required to suspend our sales and
offerings for an extended amount of time pending qualification by the Commission, our financial performance could be adversely affected.
Although we will not currently be afforded the protection
of the Maryland General Corporation Law relating to deterring or defending hostile takeovers, our Board of Directors could opt into these
provisions of Maryland law in the future, which may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and may prevent our stockholders
from receiving a premium price for their shares in connection with a business combination.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations”
between a Maryland corporation and certain interested stockholders or affiliates of interested stockholders are prohibited for five years
after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include
a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification
of equity securities. Also under Maryland law, control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no
voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the
acquirer, an officer of the corporation, or an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation are excluded from
the vote on whether to accord voting rights to the control shares. Should our Board of Directors opt into these provisions of Maryland
law, it may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Similarly, provisions
of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Maryland General Corporation Law could provide similar anti-takeover protection. For more information about
the business combination, control share acquisition and Subtitle 8 provisions of Maryland law, see “Description of Capital Stock
and Certain Provisions of Maryland Law, Our Charter and Bylaws —Business Combinations” and “Description of Capital Stock
and Certain Provisions of Maryland Law, Our Charter and Bylaws —Control Share Acquisitions.”
Our charter includes an anti-takeover provision that may
discourage a stockholder from launching a tender offer for our shares.
Our charter provides that any tender offer
made by a stockholder, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with most provisions of Regulation 14D of the Exchange
Act. The offering stockholder must provide our company notice of such tender offer at least 10 business days before initiating the tender
offer. If the offering stockholder does not comply with these requirements, our company will have the right to redeem that stockholder’s
shares and any shares acquired in such tender offer. In addition, the noncomplying stockholder will be responsible for all of our company’s
expenses in connection with that stockholder’s noncompliance. This provision of our charter may discourage a stockholder from initiating
a tender offer for our shares and prevent you from receiving a premium price for your shares in such a transaction.
The Company’s bylaws designate the Circuit Court
for Baltimore City, Baltimore, Maryland (or in some cases, other federal courts in Maryland) as the sole and exclusive forum for certain
disputes between the Company and its stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for
certain proceedings relating to the Company.
The Company’s bylaws provide that,
unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Baltimore, Maryland
(or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland) will,
to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for:
| · | any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; |
| · | any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of
the Company, to the Company, or its stockholders; |
| · | any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director, officer or other employee of the Company
arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL or the charter or bylaws of the Company; |
| · | any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company
that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; and |
| · | any other action asserting a claim of any nature brought by or on behalf of any stockholder, is such stockholder’s
capacity as such, of the Company, which means any stockholder of record or any beneficial owners of stock of the Company either on his,
her or its own behalf or on behalf of any series or class of shares of stock of the Company or any group of stockholders of the Company)
against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company. |
The portion of our forum selection bylaw
designating the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Baltimore, Maryland as the exclusive forum for certain claims would not apply to claims
brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act, as such claims fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal
courts, however the portion of our forum selection bylaw designating the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, in
Baltimore, Maryland would apply to any such claims. Our forum selection bylaw would apply to claims brought to enforce a duty or liability
created by the Securities Act. Our forum selection bylaw does not relieve us of our duties to comply with, and our stockholders cannot
waive our compliance with, the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Moreover, there is uncertainty as to
whether a court would enforce our forum selection bylaw, with respect to claims brought under the federal securities laws or otherwise.
This forum selection bylaw may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable or cost-efficient
for disputes with the Company, or any of its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such
claims.
The Company may not achieve the intended benefits of having
a forum selection bylaw if it is found to be unenforceable.
The Company’s bylaws include a forum
selection bylaw as described above. However, the enforceability of similar forum selection bylaws in other companies’ bylaws or
similar governing documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that in connection with any action a court could
find the forum selection bylaw contained in the Company’s bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such action. If a court
were to find the forum selection bylaw contained in the Company’s bylaws to be inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of,
one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action
in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Breaches of our data security could materially harm us,
including our business, financial performance and reputation.
We collect and retain certain personal information
provided by our actual and prospective investors during the subscription process, as well as our tenants and employees. Security measures
we have implemented to protect the confidentiality of this information and periodically review and improve our security measures may not
prevent unauthorized access to this information. Any breach of our data security measures and loss of this information may result in legal
liability and costs (including damages and penalties), as well as damage to our reputation, that could materially and adversely affect
us, including our business and financial performance.
Risks Related to Compliance and Regulation
We are offering shares of our common stock pursuant to
recent amendments to Regulation A promulgated pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we cannot
be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to Tier 2 issuers will make shares of our common stock less attractive to
investors as compared to a traditional initial public offering.
As a Tier 2 issuer, we will be subject to
scaled disclosure and reporting requirements, which may make shares of our common stock less attractive to investors as compared to a
traditional initial public offering, which may make an investment in shares of our common stock less attractive to investors who are accustomed
to enhanced disclosure and more frequent financial reporting. If our scaled disclosure and reporting requirements, or regulatory uncertainty
regarding Regulation A, reduces the attractiveness of shares of our common stock, we may be unable to raise the necessary funds necessary
to develop a diversified portfolio of real estate investments, which could severely affect the value of shares of our common stock.
Our use of Form 1-A and our reliance on Regulation A for
this offering may make it more difficult to raise capital as and when we need it, as compared to if we were conducting a traditional initial
public offering on Form S-11.
Because of the exemptions
from various reporting requirements provided to us under Regulation A and because we are only permitted to raise up to $74,980,000 in
any 12-month period under the offering (although we may raise capital in other ways), we may be less attractive to investors and it may
be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies
in our industry if they believe that our financial accounting is not as transparent as other companies in our industry. If we are unable
to raise additional capital as and when we need it, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely
affected.
We have elected to use the extended transition period
for complying with new or revised accounting standards under part F/S of Regulation A.
We intend to elect to use the extended transition
period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under part F/S of Regulation A, that allows us to delay the adoption of
new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to
private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company
effective dates.
The requirements of being a public company may strain
our resources, divert management’s attention and affect our ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
We
will incur costs associated with our public company reporting requirements under Regulation A. We also anticipate that we will incur costs
associated with corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules and regulations
implemented by the SEC. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities
more time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, these rules and regulations could make it more difficult or costlier for us to obtain certain
types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be compelled to self-insure or forced to
accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these
requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our
board committees or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations
and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
Relaxed Ongoing Reporting Requirements
Currently, we are required to publicly report
on an ongoing basis under the reporting rules set forth in Regulation A for Tier 2 issuers. The ongoing reporting requirements under Regulation
A are more relaxed than for reporting companies that qualify as “emerging growth companies” under the Exchange Act. The differences
include, but are not limited to, being required to file only annual and semiannual reports, rather than annual and quarterly reports.
Annual reports are due within 120 calendar days after the end of the issuer’s fiscal year, and semiannual reports are due within
90 calendar days after the end of the first six months of the issuer’s fiscal year.
If we become subject to the reporting requirements
pursuant to the Exchange Act in the future, we will be required to publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company”
(as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, which we refer to as the JOBS Act). For so long as we remain an “emerging
growth company”, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange
Act reporting companies that are not “emerging growth companies”, including but not limited to:
| · | not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act; |
| · | taking advantage of extensions of time to comply with certain new or revised financial accounting standards; |
| · | being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our
periodic reports and proxy statements; and |
| · | being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder
approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. |
We would expect to take advantage of these
reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would remain an “emerging growth company” for up
to five years, although if the market value of our Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30
before that time, we would cease to be an “emerging growth company” as of the following December 31.
In either case, we will be subject to ongoing
public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not “emerging growth companies”,
and our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.
There may be deficiencies with our internal controls that
require improvements, and if we are unable to adequately evaluate internal controls, we may be subject to sanctions.
As a Tier 2 issuer, we will not need to
provide a report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, and we will be exempt from the auditor attestation
requirements concerning any such report so long as we are a Tier 2 issuer. We are in the process of evaluating whether our internal control
procedures are effective and therefore there is a greater likelihood of undiscovered errors in our internal controls or reported financial
statements as compared to issuers that have conducted such evaluations.
Laws intended to prohibit money laundering may require
our Sponsor to disclose investor information to regulatory authorities.
The Uniting and Strengthening America By
Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 requires that financial institutions establish and
maintain compliance programs to guard against money laundering activities, and requires the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury (“Treasury”)
to prescribe regulations in connection with anti-money laundering policies of financial institutions. The Financial Crimes Enforcement
Network (“FinCEN”), an agency of the Treasury, has announced that it is likely that such regulations would subject certain
pooled investment vehicles to enact anti-money laundering policies. It is possible that there could be promulgated legislation or regulations
that would require our Manager or its service providers to share information with governmental authorities with respect to prospective
investors in connection with the establishment of anti-money laundering procedures. Such legislation and/or regulations could require
us to implement additional restrictions on the transfer of shares of our common stock to comply with such legislation and/or regulations.
We reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of prospective stockholders and the source of
the payment of subscription monies, or as is necessary to comply with any customer identification programs required by FinCEN and/or the
SEC. In the event of delay or failure by a prospective stockholder to produce any information required for verification purposes, an application
for, or transfer of, shares of our common stock may be refused. We will not have the ability to reject a transfer of shares of our common
stock where all necessary information is provided and any other applicable transfer requirements, including those imposed under the transfer
provisions of our charter, are satisfied.
On January 1, 2021, Congress
adopted, as part of the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, the federal Corporate Transparency Act (the “CTA”). The CTA,
which became effective January 1, 2024, requires certain businesses to report person identifying information about certain beneficial
owners and individuals who exercise substantial control over the Company to FinCEN. The CTA is intended to strengthen the anti-money laundering
regime by increasing transparency of ownership of certain companies. While the Company believes that it may be exempt from the CTA, if
it is deemed to be a “reporting company” as defined under the CTA, our Manager or its service providers may be required to
share information with governmental authorities with respect to certain beneficial owners of the Company. We reserve the right to request
such information as is necessary to verify the identity of prospective stockholders and the source of the payment of subscription monies,
or as is necessary to comply with any customer identification programs required by FinCEN and/or the CTA. In the event of delay or failure
by a prospective stockholder to produce any information required for verification purposes, an application for, or transfer of, shares
of our common stock may be refused. We will not have the ability to reject a transfer of shares of our common stock where all necessary
information is provided and any other applicable transfer requirements, including those imposed under the transfer provisions of our charter,
are satisfied.
Non-United States investors may be subject to FIRPTA on
the sale of shares of our common stock if we are unable to qualify as a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.”
Except with respect to a “qualified
foreign pension plan” or a non-United States person that is a “qualified stockholder”, a non-United States person disposing
of a United States real property interest, including shares of a United States corporation whose assets consist principally of United
States real property interests, is generally subject to a tax under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Trust Act, or FIRPTA, on the
gain recognized on the disposition of such interest. FIRPTA does not apply, however, to the disposition of shares in a REIT if the REIT
is a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.” A REIT is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity
if, at all times during a specified testing period (the continuous five-year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter,
the entire period of the REIT’s existence), less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or indirectly by non-United States
holders. We cannot assure you that we will qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. If we were to fail to so
qualify, gain realized by a non-United States investor that is not a “qualified foreign pension plan” or a “qualified
stockholder” on a sale of our common stock would be subject to FIRPTA unless our common stock was regularly traded on an established
securities market and the non-United States investor did not at any time during a specified testing period directly or indirectly own
more than 10% of the value of our outstanding common stock.
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
There are conflicts of interest between us, our Manager
and its affiliates.
Our executive officers, Michael Kelley and
Elizabeth Tyminski, are executive officers of our Manager. Prevailing market rates are determined by our Manager based on industry standards
and expectations of what our Manager would be able to negotiate with a third party on an arm’s length basis. All of the agreements
and arrangements between us and our Manager or its affiliates, including those relating to compensation, are not the result of arm’s
length negotiations with an unaffiliated third party. Some of the conflicts inherent in our transactions with our Manager and its affiliates,
and the limitations on such parties adopted to address these conflicts, are described below. We, our Manager and their affiliates will
try to balance our interests with their own. However, to the extent that such parties take actions that are more favorable to other entities
than us, these actions could have a negative impact on our financial performance and, consequently, on dividends to stockholders and the
value of shares of our common stock. We have adopted a conflicts of interest policy and certain conflicts will be reviewed by the independent
members of our Board of Directors (defined below). See “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions—Certain Conflict
Resolution Measures” and “Our Policies Relating to Conflicts of Interest”.
The interests of our Manager, the principals and its other
affiliates may conflict with your interests.
The Management Agreement provides our Manager
with broad powers and authority which may result in one or more conflicts of interest between your interests and those of our Manager,
the principals and its other affiliates. This risk is increased by our Manager being controlled by Michael Kelley and Elizabeth Tyminski,
who are expected to sponsor and participate, directly or indirectly, in other offerings by our Sponsor and its affiliates. Potential conflicts
of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:
| · | the Manager, its principals and/or its other affiliates may offer other real estate investment opportunities,
including additional offerings similar to this offering, and may make investments in real estate assets for their own respective accounts,
whether or not competitive with our business; |
| · | Manager, the principals and/or its other affiliates will not be required to disgorge any profits or fees
or other compensation they may receive from any other business they own separately from us, and you will not be entitled to receive or
share in any of the profits return fees or compensation from any other business owned and operated by the Manager, the principals and/or
its other affiliates for their own benefit; |
| · | we may engage the Manager or affiliates of the Manager to perform services at prevailing market rates.
Prevailing market rates are determined by the Manager based on industry standards and expectations of what the Manager would be able to
negotiate with a third party on an arm’s length basis; and |
| · | the Manager, the principals and/or its other affiliates are not required to devote all of their time and
efforts to our affairs. |
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future
between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of Operating Partnership units, which may impede business decisions
that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise
in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and the Operating Partnership or any partner
thereof, on the other. Our directors and our Manager have duties to our company under applicable Maryland law in connection with their
management of our company. At the same time, Park View Investments LLC, as the general partner in our Operating Partnerships, has fiduciary
duties and obligations to the Operating Partnerships and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of the
Operating Partnerships in connection with the management of the Operating Partnerships. Park View Investments LLC’s fiduciary duties
and obligations as general partner to the Operating Partnerships and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors
and our Manager to our company.
As our Sponsor establishes additional real estate funds
and other investment vehicles in the future, there may be conflicts of interests among the various other investment vehicles, which may
result in opportunities that would otherwise benefit us being allocated to the other offerings.
Our Sponsor in the future expects to establish
and sponsor additional real estate funds, as well as other potential investment vehicles (including funds, REITs and separate accounts).
Any future investment vehicles may, have investment criteria similar to ours. If a sale, financing, investment or other business opportunity
would be suitable for more than one fund or other investment vehicle, our Manager’s investment committee will allocate it according
to the policies and procedures adopted by our Manager. Any allocation of this type may involve the consideration of a number of factors
that our Manager may determine to be relevant. Except under any policies that may be adopted by our Manager or our Sponsor in the future,
no other investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor will have any duty, responsibility or obligation to refrain from:
| · | engaging in the same or similar activities or lines of business as any other investment vehicle sponsored
by our Sponsor; |
| · | doing business with any potential or actual tenant, investor, lender, purchaser, supplier, customer or
competitor of any other investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor; |
| · | engaging in, or refraining from, any other activities whatsoever relating to any of the potential or actual
tenants, investors, lenders, purchasers, suppliers or customers of any other investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor; |
| · | establishing material commercial relationships with any other investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor;
or |
| · | making operational and financial decisions that could be considered to be detrimental to any other investment
vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor. |
In addition, any decisions by our Sponsor
or Manager to renew, extend, modify or terminate an agreement or arrangement, or enter into similar agreements or arrangements in the
future, may benefit one other investment vehicle more than another investment vehicle or limit or impair the ability of any other investment
vehicle to pursue business opportunities. In addition, third parties may require as a condition to their arrangements or agreements with
or related to any one other investment vehicle that such arrangements or agreements include or not include any other investment vehicle.
Any of these decisions may benefit one other investment vehicle more than another investment vehicle.
Our Manager will face a conflict of interest
because the management fee it will receive for services performed may be based on the Company’s NAV, which our Manager is ultimately
responsible for determining.
We will pay our Manager a
quarterly asset management fee equal to an annualized rate of 0.75%, which will be based on our NAV. We will pay our Manager the management
fee regardless of the performance of our overall portfolio. The management fee, which is not based upon performance metrics or goals,
may reduce the Manager’s incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns
for our portfolio. This in turn could hurt both our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders and the market price of our common stock.
Further, the management fee is calculated based on the Company’s NAV, which the Manager is ultimately responsible for determining.
From time to time, we may calculate the NAV. The calculation of our NAV includes certain subjective judgments with respect to estimating,
for example, the value of our portfolio and our accrued expenses, net portfolio income and liabilities, and therefore, our NAV may not
correspond to realizable value upon a sale of those assets. Our Manager may benefit by us retaining ownership of our assets at times when
our stockholders may be better served by the sale or disposition of our assets in order to avoid a reduction in our NAV. If our NAV is
calculated in a way that is not reflective of our actual NAV, then the purchase price of shares of our common stock or the price paid
for the repurchase of your shares of common stock on a given date may not accurately reflect the value of our portfolio, and your shares
may be worth less than the purchase price or more than the repurchase price.
Risks Related to Sources of Financing and Hedging
We may incur significant debt, which may subject us to
increased risk of loss and may reduce cash available for dividends to our stockholders.
Subject to market conditions and availability,
we may incur significant debt through bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), repurchase agreements, warehouse
facilities and structured financing arrangements, public and private debt issuances and derivative instruments, in addition to transaction
or asset specific funding arrangements. The percentage of leverage we employ will vary depending on our available capital, our ability
to obtain and access financing arrangements with lenders, debt restrictions contained in those financing arrangements and the lenders’
and rating agencies’ estimate of the stability of our investment portfolio’s cash flow. Our targeted aggregate property-level
leverage, excluding any debt at the REIT level or on assets under development or renovation, after we have acquired a substantial portfolio
of stabilized properties, is between 50-70% of the greater of cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or fair
market value of our assets. During the period when we are acquiring, constructing and/or renovating our investments, we may employ greater
leverage on individual assets. Our Manager may from time to time modify our leverage policy in its discretion. Incurring substantial debt
could subject us to many risks that, if realized, would materially and adversely affect us, including the risk that:
| · | our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal of and interest
on the debt or we may fail to comply with all of the other covenants contained in the debt, which is likely to result in (a) acceleration
of such debt (and any other debt containing a cross-default or cross-acceleration provision) that we may be unable to repay from internal
funds or to refinance on favorable terms, or at all, (b) our inability to borrow unused amounts under our financing arrangements, even
if we are current in payments on borrowings under those arrangements or pay dividends of excess cash flow held in reserve by such financing
sources, and/or (c) the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale; |
| · | our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions with no assurance
that investment yields will increase with higher financing costs; |
| · | we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our
debt, thereby reducing funds available for operations, future business opportunities, stockholder dividends or other purposes; and |
| · | we are not able to refinance debt that matures prior to the investment it was used to finance on favorable
terms, or at all. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful. |
Any lending facilities will likely impose restrictive
covenants.
Any lending facilities which we enter would
be expected to contain customary negative covenants and other financial and operating covenants that, among other things, may affect our
ability to incur additional debt, make certain investments or acquisitions, reduce liquidity below certain levels, pay dividends to our
stockholders, redeem debt or equity securities and impact our flexibility to determine our operating policies and investment strategies.
For example, such loan documents may contain negative covenants that limit, among other things, our ability to repurchase our common stock,
distribute more than a certain amount of our net income or funds from operations to our stockholders, employ leverage beyond certain amounts,
sell assets, engage in mergers or consolidations, grant liens, and enter into transactions with affiliates (including amending the management
agreement with our Manager in a material respect). If we fail to meet or satisfy any such covenants, we would likely be in default under
these agreements, and the lenders could elect to declare outstanding amounts due and payable, terminate their commitments, require the
posting of additional collateral and enforce their interests against existing collateral. We could also become subject to cross-default
and acceleration rights and, with respect to collateralized debt, the posting of additional collateral and foreclosure rights upon default.
Further, such restrictions could also make it difficult for us to satisfy the qualification requirements necessary to maintain our status
as a REIT.
Interest rate fluctuations could increase our financing
costs and reduce our ability to generate income on our investments, each of which could lead to a significant decrease in our results
of operations, cash flows and the market value of our investments.
Our primary interest rate exposures will
relate to the yield on our investments and the financing cost of our debt, as well as our interest rate derivatives that we utilize for
hedging purposes. Changes in interest rates will affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the income we earn on
our investments and the interest expense we incur in financing these investments. Interest rate fluctuations resulting in our interest
expense exceeding income would result in operating losses for us. Changes in the level of interest rates also may affect our ability to
invest in investments, the value of our investments and our ability to realize gains from the disposition of assets.
To the extent that our financing costs will
be determined by reference to floating rates, such as LIBOR or a Treasury index, plus a margin, the amount of such costs will depend on
a variety of factors, including, without limitation, (a) for collateralized debt, the value and liquidity of the collateral, and for non-collateralized
debt, our credit, (b) the level and movement of interest rates, and (c) general market conditions and liquidity. In a period of rising
interest rates, our interest expense on floating rate debt would increase, while any income we earn may not compensate for such increase
in interest expense.
Our operating results will depend, in part,
on differences between the income earned on our investments, net of credit losses, and our financing costs. For any period during which
our investments are not match-funded, the income earned on such investments may respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than
the cost of our borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may immediately and significantly
decrease our results of operations and cash flows and the market value of our investments.
Any bank credit facilities and repurchase agreements that
we may use in the future to finance our assets may require us to provide additional collateral or pay down debt.
We may utilize bank credit facilities or
repurchase agreements (including term loans and revolving facilities) and/or guarantee arrangements to finance our assets if they become
available on acceptable terms. Such financing arrangements, including any guarantees, would involve the risk that the market value of
any investments pledged by us to the provider of the bank credit facility or repurchase agreement counterparty may decline in value, in
which case the lender may require us to provide additional collateral or to repay all or a portion of the funds advanced. We may not have
the funds available to repay our debt at that time, which would likely result in defaults unless we are able to raise the funds from alternative
sources, which we may not be able to achieve on favorable terms or at all. Posting additional collateral would reduce our liquidity and
limit our ability to leverage our assets. If we cannot meet these requirements, the lender could accelerate our indebtedness or enforce
our guarantee, increase the interest rate on advanced funds and terminate our ability to borrow funds from it, which could materially
and adversely affect our financial condition and ability to implement our investment strategy. In addition, if the lender files for bankruptcy
or becomes insolvent, our loans and guarantees may become subject to bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, thus depriving us, at least
temporarily, of the benefit of these assets. Such an event could restrict our access to bank credit facilities and increase our cost of
capital. The providers of bank credit facilities and repurchase agreement financing may also require us to maintain a certain amount of
cash or set aside assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position that would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations.
As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would choose, which could reduce our return on assets. If we are
unable to meet these collateral obligations, our financial condition and prospects could deteriorate rapidly.
There can be no assurance that we will be
able to obtain additional bank credit facilities or repurchase agreements on favorable terms, or at all.
We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage
debt to the entities that own our properties.
When we give a guaranty on behalf of an
entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity.
If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, there is a risk that more than one real property may be
affected by a default. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders
will be adversely affected.
If we enter into financing arrangements involving balloon
payment obligations, it may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Some of our financing arrangements may require
us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment is uncertain and may depend
upon our ability to obtain replacement financing or our ability to sell particular properties. At the time the balloon payment is due,
we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the particular property
at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. Such a refinancing would be dependent upon interest rates and lenders’ policies
at the time of refinancing, economic conditions in general and the value of the underlying properties in particular. The effect of a refinancing
or sale could affect the rate of return to stockholders and the projected time of disposition of our assets.
Our access to sources of financing may be limited and
thus our ability to grow our business and to maximize our returns may be adversely affected.
Subject to market conditions and availability,
we may incur significant debt through bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), repurchase agreements, warehouse
facilities and structured financing arrangements, public and private debt issuances and derivative instruments, in addition to transaction
or asset specific funding arrangements. We may also issue additional debt or equity securities to fund our growth.
Our access to sources of financing will
depend upon a number of factors, over which we have little or no control, including:
| · | general economic or market conditions; |
| · | the market’s view of the quality of our assets; |
| · | the market’s perception of our growth potential; and |
| · | our current and potential future earnings and cash dividends. |
We will need to periodically access the
capital markets to raise cash to fund new investments. Unfavorable economic or capital market conditions may increase our funding costs,
limit our access to the capital markets or could result in a decision by our potential lenders not to extend credit. An inability to successfully
access the capital markets could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy and could decrease our
earnings, if any. In addition, uncertainty in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect one or more private lenders and could
cause one or more of our private lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with financing or to increase the costs of that financing.
In addition, if regulatory capital requirements imposed on our private lenders change, they may be required to limit, or increase the
cost of, financing they provide to us. In general, this could potentially increase our financing costs and reduce our liquidity or require
us to sell assets at an inopportune time or price. No assurance can be given that we will be able to obtain any such financing on favorable
terms or at all.
Hedging instruments often are not traded on regulated
exchanges or guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, and involve risks and costs that could result in material losses.
The cost of using hedging instruments increases
as the period covered by the instrument increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates, we may increase our hedging
activity and thus increase our hedging costs during periods when interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have increased.
In addition, hedging instruments involve risk since they often are not traded on regulated exchanges or guaranteed by an exchange or its
clearing house. Consequently, there are no requirements with respect to record keeping, financial responsibility or segregation of customer
funds and positions. Furthermore, the enforceability of agreements underlying hedging transactions may depend on compliance with applicable
statutory and commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international
requirements. The business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in
its default. Default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force us
to cover our commitments, if any, at the then current market price.
Although generally we will seek to reserve
the right to terminate our hedging positions, it may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the
consent of the hedging counterparty and we may not be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk. We cannot
assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position
until exercise or expiration, which could result in significant losses.
Taxation Risks
Your investment has various tax risks.
Although the provisions of the Code generally relevant to an
investment in shares of our common stock are described in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” we urge you to consult
your tax advisor concerning the effects of United States federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax laws to you with regard to an investment
in shares of our common stock.
REIT Risks
Failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce our net earnings
available for investment or distribution and would adversely affect the timing, amount, and character of dividends to stockholders.
Our qualification as a REIT will depend
upon our ability to meet requirements regarding our organization and ownership, dividends of our income, the nature and diversification
of our income and assets, and other tests imposed by the Code. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year after electing REIT
status, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified
from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT status. Losing our REIT status would reduce
our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, dividends
to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends-paid deduction and we would no longer be required to pay dividends. If this
occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable taxes. For a discussion of the
REIT qualification tests and other considerations relating to our election to be taxed as a REIT, see “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes,
we may be subject to other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal
income tax purposes, we may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income or property. For example:
| · | In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to
our stockholders (which is determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain). To the extent that we satisfy
the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will generally be subject to federal corporate
income tax on the undistributed income. |
| · | We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which dividends we pay in
any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income, and 100% of our undistributed
income from prior years. |
| · | If we have net income from the sale of foreclosure property that we hold primarily for sale to customers
in the ordinary course of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we must pay a tax on that income at the highest
corporate income tax rate. |
| · | If we sell an asset, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of business, our gain would be subject to the 100% “prohibited transaction” tax unless such sale were
made by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRSs) or we qualified for a “safe harbor” under the Code. |
We intend to pay dividends to our stockholders
to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect
our ability to execute our business plan or our liquidity and may force us to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions.
In order to maintain our REIT status and
to meet the REIT distribution requirements, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis or sell assets, even if the then-prevailing
market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings or sales. In addition, we may need to reserve cash (including proceeds from this
offering) to satisfy our REIT distribution requirements, even though there are attractive investment opportunities that may be available.
To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income each year, excluding capital
gains. In addition, we will be subject to corporate income tax to the extent we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income including
any net capital gain. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the requirements of the Code for REITs and to
minimize or eliminate our corporate income tax obligation to the extent consistent with our business objectives. Our cash flows from operations
may be insufficient to fund required distributions, for example as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income
and the recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of
reserves or required debt service or amortization payments (including, for example, where a borrower defers the payment of interest in
cash pursuant to a contractual right or otherwise). The insufficiency of our cash flows to cover our distribution requirements could have
an adverse impact on our ability to raise short- and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required
to maintain our REIT status. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions
paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our
undistributed income from prior years. To address and/or mitigate some of these issues, we may make taxable distributions that are in
part paid in cash and in part paid in our common stock. In such cases our stockholders may have tax liabilities from such distributions
in excess of the cash they receive. The treatment of such taxable share distributions is not clear, and it is possible the taxable share
distribution will not count towards our distribution requirement, in which case adverse consequences could apply.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for
the reduced tax rates on dividend income from regular corporations, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.
The maximum regular U.S. federal income
tax rate for certain qualified dividends payable to U.S. holders of U.S. corporate stock that are individuals, is currently 20%. Dividends
payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates and therefore are subject to regular U.S. federal income tax
rates on ordinary income of a noncorporate U.S. holder (currently at a maximum rate of 37.0%). Such dividends are also not eligible for
the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations with respect to dividends from U.S. corporations. Although the reduced
U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to dividend income from regular corporate dividends does not adversely affect the taxation of
REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals,
trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations
that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.
To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to forego
otherwise attractive opportunities, which may delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce our stockholders’
overall return.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain
tests on an ongoing basis concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, nature of our assets, and the amounts we distribute
to our stockholders. We may be required to pay dividends to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash
in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our
ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits and the value of our stockholders’ investment.
If we fail to invest a sufficient amount of the net proceeds
from selling our common stock in real estate assets within one year from the receipt of the proceeds, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
Temporary investment of the net proceeds
from sales of our common stock in short-term securities and income from such investment generally will allow us to satisfy various REIT
income and asset requirements, but only during the one-year period beginning on the date we receive the net proceeds. If we are unable
to invest a sufficient amount of the net proceeds from sales of our common stock in qualifying real estate assets within such one-year
period, we could fail to satisfy one or more of the gross income or asset tests and/or we could be limited to investing all or a portion
of any remaining funds in cash or cash equivalents. If we fail to satisfy any such income or asset test, unless we are entitled to relief
under certain provisions of the Code, we could fail to qualify as a REIT. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Our ability to provide certain services to our tenants
may be limited by the REIT rules, or may have to be provided through a taxable REIT subsidiary.
As a REIT, we generally cannot hold interests
in rental property where tenants receive services other than services that are customarily provided by landlords, nor can we derive income
from a third party that provides such services. If services to tenants at properties in which we hold an interest are limited to customary
services, those properties may be disadvantaged as compared to other properties that can be operated without the same restrictions. However,
we can provide such non-customary services to tenants or share in the revenue from such services if we do so through a taxable REIT subsidiary
(“TRS”), though income earned through the TRS will be subject to corporate income taxes.
If we form a TRS, our overall tax liability could increase.
Any TRS we form will be subject to U.S.
federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income. Accordingly, although our ownership of any TRSs may allow us to participate
in the operating income from certain activities that we could not participate in, that operating income will be fully subject to income
tax. The after-tax net income of any TRS would be available for distribution to us, however any dividends received by us from our domestic
TRSs will only be qualifying income for the 95% REIT income test, not the 75% REIT income test.
Although our use of TRSs may partially mitigate the impact
of meeting certain requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT, there are limits on our ability to own and engage in
transactions with TRSs, and a failure to comply with such limits would jeopardize our REIT qualification and may result in the application
of a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock or
securities of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned
directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS
directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no
more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the rules limit
the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of
corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted
on an arm’s-length basis. We may jointly elect with one or more subsidiaries for those subsidiaries to be treated as TRSs for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. These TRSs will pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax
net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. We will monitor the value of our respective
investments in any TRSs we may form for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations and intend to structure our
transactions with any such TRSs on terms that we believe are arm’s-length to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above.
There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the TRS ownership limitation or to avoid application of the 100%
excise tax.
You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain
amounts of our common stock.
In order to maintain our REIT qualification,
among other requirements, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals,
as defined in the Code to include certain kinds of entities, during the last half of any taxable year, other than the first year for which
a REIT election is made. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, our charter contains an aggregate share ownership limit and a common stock
ownership limit. Generally, any of our shares owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the aggregate share ownership
limit, and any common stock owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the common stock ownership limit. In addition,
our charter prohibits a person from owning actually or constructively shares of our outstanding capital stock if such ownership would
result in any of our income that would otherwise qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the REIT rules to fail to qualify
as such.
If anyone attempts to transfer
or own shares in a way that would violate the aggregate share ownership limit or the common stock ownership limit or results in ownership
that would result in any of our income that would otherwise qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the REIT rules to fail
to qualify as such, or would prevent us from continuing to qualify as a REIT, unless such ownership limits have been waived by our Manager,
those shares instead will be deemed transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and will be either redeemed by
us or sold to a person whose ownership of the shares will not violate the aggregate share ownership limit or the common stock ownership
limit and will not prevent us from qualifying as a REIT. If this transfer to a trust fails to prevent such a violation or our disqualification
as a REIT, then the initial intended transfer or ownership will be null and void from the outset. Anyone who acquires or owns shares in
violation of the aggregate share ownership limit or the common stock ownership limit, unless such ownership limit or limits have been
waived by our Manager, or the other restrictions on transfer or ownership in our charter, bears the risk of a financial loss when the
shares are redeemed or sold, if the lower of market price or NAV per Share price of our shares falls between the date of purchase and
the date of sale. See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies” and “NAV Per Share Adjustments” for more information.
In addition, our charter provides
that, prior to the first date on which any class or series of shares of our capital stock constitutes “publicly-offered securities”
(as defined in the Plan Assets Regulation), “benefit plan investors” may not hold, in the aggregate, 25% or more of the value
of any class or series of shares of our capital stock. If benefit plan investors exceed this 25% limit, we may redeem their interests
at a price equal to the NAV per Share price transfer their interests to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary. See “ERISA
Considerations—The 25% Limit” for more information.
Furthermore, our charter provides
that, in the event we determine in our discretion that there is a material likelihood that we would be a fiduciary under applicable law
with respect to an investor that is subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code (e.g., an IRA), we have the authority to redeem
such investor’s interests at the NAV per share price.
The tax on prohibited transactions will limit our ability
to engage in transactions that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited
transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of assets, other than foreclosure
property, deemed held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business (subject to a safe harbor under the Code for
certain sales). It may be possible to reduce the impact of the prohibited transaction tax by conducting certain activities through TRSs.
However, to the extent that we engage in such activities through TRSs, the income associated with such activities may be subject to full
corporate income tax.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability
to hedge effectively.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit
our ability to hedge our assets and operations. Under these provisions, any income that we generate from transactions intended to hedge
our interest rate, inflation and/or currency risks will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the REIT 75% and 95% gross income
tests if the instrument hedges (i) interest rate risk on liabilities incurred to carry or acquire real estate, (ii) risk of currency fluctuations
with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the REIT 75% or 95% gross income tests or (iii) certain
other offsetting positions, and such instrument is properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations. Income from hedging transactions
that do not meet these requirements will generally constitute nonqualifying income for purposes of both the REIT 75% and 95% gross income
tests. As a result of these rules, we may have to limit our use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which could
result in greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.
The treatment of an investment in preferred equity could
adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We may make investments in preferred equity
in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property. Although economically comparable to investments in mezzanine loans in many
cases, investments in preferred equity will be treated differently for tax purposes. If the issuer of the preferred equity is taxed as
a partnership or an entity disregarded as separate from its owners for U.S. federal income tax purposes (aside from a qualified REIT subsidiary),
we will generally be treated as owing an interest in the underlying real estate and other assets of the partnership for tax purposes.
As a result, absent sufficient controls to ensure that the underlying real property is operated in compliance with the REIT rules, preferred
equity investments may jeopardize our compliance with the REIT income and asset tests. In addition, the treatment of interest-like preferred
returns in a partnership or disregarded entity (other than a qualified REIT subsidiary) also is not clear under the REIT rules and could
be treated as non-qualifying income. More importantly, in many cases the status of debt-like preferred equity as debt or equity for tax
purposes is unclear. The IRS could challenge our treatment of such preferred equity investment for purposes of applying the REIT income
and asset tests and, if such a challenge were sustained, we could fail to continue to qualify as REIT. In addition to the risk of loss
of REIT status due to nonqualifying income, if the underlying property is dealer property, our gains from the sale of the property would
be subject to a 100% tax. In addition, if the issuer of the preferred equity is taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
such preferred equity generally will be a nonqualifying asset unless the issuer is a REIT, qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS.
If we were considered to actually or constructively pay
a “preferential dividend” to certain of our stockholders, our status as a REIT could be adversely affected.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute
annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and
excluding net capital gain. In order for dividends to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to
provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the dividends must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is generally not
a preferential dividend if the distribution is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and in accordance
with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in the REIT’s organizational documents. There is no de minimis
exception with respect to preferential dividends. Therefore, if the IRS were to take the position that we inadvertently paid a preferential
dividend, we may be deemed either to (a) have distributed less than 100% of our REIT taxable income and be subject to tax on the undistributed
portion, or (b) have distributed less than 90% of our REIT taxable income and our status as a REIT could be terminated for the year in
which such determination is made if we were unable to cure such failure.
Sales of our assets may constitute “prohibited transactions,”
which are subject to a 100% tax.
Net income derived from prohibited transactions
is subject to a 100% tax. The term “prohibited transactions” generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other
than foreclosure property) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Whether property
is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the specific facts and
circumstances. The Code provides a safe harbor pursuant to which sales of properties held for at least two years (which period, for property
being developed, does not begin to run until the property is placed in service) and meeting certain additional requirements will not be
treated as prohibited transactions, but compliance with the safe harbor may not always be practical. We intend to continue to conduct
our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as held as inventory or for sale to customers and
that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. However, we may have to sell
assets from time to time to satisfy our REIT distribution requirements, to satisfy other REIT requirements, or for other purposes. In
addition, part of our investment strategy is to purchase assets that provide an opportunity for gain through capital appreciation, and
we may sell such assets if beneficial opportunities arise. Therefore, no assurance can be given that any particular property in which
we hold a direct or indirect interest will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that the safe-harbor provisions will
apply. The potential application of the prohibited transactions tax could cause us to forego potential dispositions of other property
or to forego other opportunities that might otherwise be attractive to us (such as developing property for sale), or to undertake such
dispositions or other opportunities through a TRS, which would generally result in corporate income taxes being incurred.
The tax laws or regulations governing REITs
or the administrative interpretations thereof may be amended at any time. We cannot predict if or when any new or amended law, regulation,
or administrative interpretation will be adopted, promulgated, or become effective, and any such change may apply retroactively. We and
our security holders may be adversely affected by any new or amended law, regulation, or administrative interpretation.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs
Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted. The Tax Act makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules related to the
taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. In addition to reducing
corporate and non-corporate tax rates, the Tax Act eliminates and restricts various deductions and limits the ability to utilize net operating
losses. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and apply only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017,
and before January 1, 2026. The Tax Act makes numerous large and small changes to the tax rules that do not affect REITs directly but
may affect our security holders and may indirectly affect us.
Prospective investors are urged to consult
with their tax advisors with respect to the status of the Tax Act and any other regulatory or administrative developments and proposals
and their potential effect on investment in our securities.
Qualified Opportunity Fund Risks
Complying with QOF Regulations Could Have a Material Adverse
Effect on the Company’s Performance
Complying with Subchapter Z and any legislation
or administrative guidance issued in connection with Subchapter Z could have a material adverse effect on the performance of the Company
and/or some or all of the Stockholders. For example, in order for Stockholders to be able to take advantage of certain of the tax benefits
afforded to them under Subchapter Z, the Company may hold an asset for a longer period of time than the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser would
otherwise determine to be optimal absent legislation.
The permitted acquisitions that a QOF may
make under Subchapter Z are highly limited, which may result in the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser being unable to source attractive opportunities,
the Company’s property portfolio being highly concentrated and/or the Company not taking advantage of opportunities the Adviser
or the Sub-Adviser may find attractive, but that do not comply with the permitted acquisitions under the legislation. In addition, as
further described in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations —Qualified Opportunity Fund Tax Benefits—Opportunity Zones
and Qualifying as a QOF,” a QOF, as defined in Section 1400Z-2(d) of the Code, is any investment vehicle that (i) is organized as
either a corporation or a partnership for the purpose of investing in “qualified opportunity zone property” (within the meaning
of Section 1400Z-2(d)(2) of the Code) (“QOZP”) and (ii) holds at least 90% of its assets in QOZP (the “90-Percent Test”).
The 90-Percent Test is applied by measuring the average of the percentage of QOZP held by the QOF (i) on the last day of the first six-month
period of each taxable year of the QOF and (ii) on the last day of each taxable year of the QOF. For purposes of the 90-Percent Test,
the Regulations do not treat cash held directly by a QOF as QOZP. QOZP includes certain interests in “qualified opportunity zone
businesses” (or “QOZBs”) and the Regulations establish, in the context of defining a “qualified opportunity zone
business”, a 31-month working capital safe harbor for businesses that acquire, construct, or rehabilitate tangible business property
in a QOZ. The safe harbor allows a QOF, in determining whether a business in which the QOF has invested is a QOZB, to treat the business’s
cash, cash equivalents, and debt instruments with a term of 18 months or less as working capital that does not disqualify the business
from being a QOZB provided that certain requirements have been satisfied, including: (i) the business has a written plan that identifies
the working capital as (A) property held for the acquisition, construction, or substantial improvement of tangible property in the opportunity
zone or (B) to develop a trade or business in the QOZ, (ii) the business has a written schedule showing that the working capital will
be used within 31 months, and (iii) the business substantially complies with the schedule.
The Regulations clarify that a QOZB that
ultimately needs more than 31 months to comply with the written plan does not lose the benefit of the safe harbor if the delay is attributable
to waiting for government action the application for which is completed during the 31-month period. The QOZB may not be treated as violating
the safe harbor, so long as its expenditure of working capital “substantially complies” with such plan. The Regulations do
not define “substantially complies.” As a result of the above, the Company may, directly or indirectly, be unable to fulfill
ongoing expenses related to its operations and investments, including property development or improvement costs, which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company and its portfolio. Further, because the Company may be unable to directly hold the cash necessary to fund
development costs or other ongoing expenses associated with investments, and may be unable to indirectly hold such cash for longer than
31 months, the Company may be limited in the types of investments in which the Company can participate. In the event that the Company
is unable to deploy the necessary capital to meet these obligations, the value of the Company’s investments may be significantly
diminished. In addition, under these circumstances, the Adviser will be incentivized to invest the Company’s cash into qualifying
investments on an expedited basis in order to meet the 90% Asset Test, which may limit the Company’s ability to perform thorough
due diligence on any potential acquisitions, result in the Company making acquisitions that the Adviser would not otherwise have made
absent this restriction, or result in the Company’s portfolio being highly concentrated.
Opportunity zone properties may trade at a premium.
We intend to participate in transactions
that are attractive economically regardless of tax incentives. However, it is possible that at times opportunity zone properties may trade
at a premium. If a stockholder’s holding period is less than 10 years, they may be exposed to paying an opportunity zone property
premium without receiving the full opportunity zone benefit.
Failure to Qualify as a QOF or Attain QOF Benefits.
The Company was formed for the purpose of
benefiting from the QOF program, and presently intends to conduct its operations so that it is treated as a QOF within the meaning of
Subchapter Z of the Code (“Subchapter Z”). However, no assurances can be provided that the Company will qualify as a QOF or
that, even if it does qualify, the tax benefits enumerated in “Summary of Principal Terms—Potential Opportunity Zone Tax Benefits”
will be available to any particular investor in the Company.
There are numerous aspects of Subchapter
Z and the TCJA that are subject to interpretation and that will require clarification by the Treasury. The Regulations do not address
every important issue and issues remain with respect to the topics addressed by such regulations. It is unclear in what manner the Treasury
will resolve the many areas of uncertainty in the QOF program. Technical corrections legislation also may be needed from Congress to clarify
certain provisions of the TCJA and to give proper effect to congressional intent. No assurance can be provided that additional legislation
will be enacted, and even if enacted, additional legislation may not clearly address all items that require or would benefit from clarification.
The Company may change its acquisition program,
its strategies, and the investments or types of investments it may make at any time and from time to time in order to comply with any
additional legislation or administrative guidance from Congress or the Treasury. Changes may cause the Company to incur significant costs
and/or avoid (or execute on) transactions it otherwise would not have, which could have a material adverse effect on the performance of
the Company. However, the Company may determine not to, or may be unable to, comply with the additional legislation or administrative
guidance in a manner that will allow investors in the Company to derive any or all of the tax benefits associated with the QOF program.
Although the Company currently expects to manage its acquisition program in order to qualify as a QOF, no assurance can be provided in
this regard. Further, even if the Company qualifies as a QOF, the Company may determine to manage its acquisition program in a manner
that prevents any or all of its investors from continuing to receive any or all of the tax benefits of the QOF program described in “Summary
of Principal Terms—Potential Opportunity Zone Tax Benefits.”
In the event that under additional legislation
or administrative guidance, the Company will be unable to qualify as a QOF or provide investors with the anticipated tax benefits due
to the Company’s current or anticipated structure, strategies and/or practices (or otherwise), the Board, in consultation with the
Manager, generally will have a duty to consider whether any changes to the Company or its investment program may be made in order for
the Company to qualify as a QOF, but will have no obligation to make any such change. In addition, in the event that additional legislation
is not enacted or administrative guidance is not provided in respect of a particular matter relating to Subchapter Z, the Company may
take certain actions based on its assumptions regarding the interpretation of certain provisions in Subchapter Z and the IRS may assert
positions contrary to these assumptions, which could have an adverse impact on the Company, its status as a QOF, and the tax benefits
otherwise afforded to the investors in the Company under Subchapter Z.
AS A RESULT OF THE FOREGOING, THERE CAN
BE NO GUARANTEE THAT INVESTORS WILL BE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ANY OF THE POTENTIAL TAX BENEFITS DESCRIBED HEREIN.
A portion of our distributions may be treated as a return
of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could reduce the basis of a stockholder’s investment in our common stock
and may trigger taxable gain.
A portion of our distributions may be treated
as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a general matter, a portion of our distributions will be treated as a
return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes if the aggregate amount of our distributions for a year exceeds our current and
accumulated earnings and profits for that year. To the extent that a distribution is treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income
tax purposes, it will reduce a holder’s adjusted tax basis in the holder’s shares, and to the extent that it exceeds the holder’s
adjusted tax basis will be treated as gain resulting from a sale or exchange of such shares. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Legislative, regulatory, or administrative changes could
adversely affect us or our security holders.
It is possible that future legislation will
be enacted that would repeal Subchapter Z, prematurely end the deferral of gain that has been reinvested in Qualified Opportunity Funds(QOF)
take away or curtail the ability of qualified stockholders to eliminate gain from the sale or exchange of QOF shares, or severely limit
the types of investments that will qualify as QOZP. No assurances can be provided that the legislation will not be enacted.
Gains From Property Held Indirectly by Stockholders.
A qualified stockholder is eligible to receive
the potential tax benefits of Subchapter Z to the extent it invests eligible capital gain realized from the sale to, or exchange with,
an unrelated person of any property held by such stockholder within 180 days of the date of such sale or exchange, or later in some cases.
Eligible capital gain does not include certain gains from “section 1256 contracts.” With respect to property held indirectly
by a qualified stockholder through interests in partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the
Regulations provide that a qualified stockholder is eligible to receive the potential benefits of Subchapter Z to the extent it invests
eligible capital gain realized from an indirect sale through such an entity, but only if such pass-through entity does not elect to defer
the gain at the entity level and the gain is from a sale to, or exchange with, a person unrelated to the qualified stockholder and such
passthrough entity.
To the extent a qualified stockholder invests
capital gain realized from the sale to, or exchange with, an unrelated person of property held indirectly (through, for example, such
entities listed above), the 180-day window may begin later than the date of the sale or exchange.
Realization of beneficial tax elimination requires a ten-year
holding period.
One of the potential benefits of investing
in a QOF is the exclusion from income of any appreciation in the value of Shares held by an investor for at least 10 years upon disposition
of his or her Shares. This exclusion of investor-level gain is effectuated through a basis adjustment and provides that, in the case of
any investment in Qualified Shares (as defined below) held by an investor for at least 10 years, the basis of the investor’s Shares
will be equal to the fair market value of the Shares on the date that they are sold or exchanged. The Company expects that investors can
take advantage of the basis adjustment in the event that the investor’s Qualified Shares are redeemed or repurchased or the Company
is dissolved or liquidated, in each case if the Qualified Shares have been held by the investor for at least 10 years; provided, however,
that the Treasury and the IRS may provide otherwise in published guidance and the IRS may interpret the law differently, even in the absence
of published guidance on this point. The Regulations provide that the ability to make such an election is not impaired solely because
the QOZs in which the Company invested have ceased to be designated as QOZs, as long as the Qualified Shares are sold or exchanged on
or prior to December 31, 2047. The Regulations also provide that a stockholder in a QOF REIT may elect to apply a 0% rate of federal income
tax to capital gain dividends of the REIT attributable to a sale or exchange of QOZP by the REIT after the 10-year holding period for
the stockholder has been achieved. The election to exclude amounts from gross income applies only to capital gains (including capital
gains typically subject to a higher rate of tax, including unrecaptured section 1250 gains) distributed to the QOF stockholder, and not
to amounts properly characterized as ordinary income. It is important to note that this election appears to apply only to gain from certain
dispositions of QOZP by the QOF itself, and does not technically apply to gain recognized by a QOZB held by the QOF.
Investment in the Company may lead to the recognition
of phantom income by stockholders.
Under Subchapter Z, qualified stockholders
may elect to defer certain capital gains until the Deferral Recognition Event (as defined below), at which point the taxpayer will recognize
an amount equal to the Deferral Recognition Amount (defined below). At the time of the Deferral Recognition Event an investor may have
a zero or very low basis in its Shares in the Company, and thus realize a substantial amount of taxable income without a corresponding
distribution from the Company to pay any taxes due. No assurance can be provided that any Stockholder will receive corresponding distributions
from the Company in order to assist the Stockholder in satisfying any such tax obligation payments, and each Stockholder should expect
to be required to pay such tax obligations from the Stockholder’s own assets, rather than from amounts paid to the Stockholder by
the Company.
Timing of Subscription and Potential Tax Benefits
To be eligible for the QOF benefits, a prospective
stockholder must invest in the Company within the appropriate 180-day window determined under the Regulations. There can be no guarantee,
however, that the Company will accept any requested subscription or that subscriptions will be available on any given subscription date.
A prospective stockholder may intend to subscribe for Shares within the requisite 180-day period but ultimately may be unable to do so
for a variety of reasons, including that the Company or its agents may have rejected or delayed the subscription with or without notice
or explanation. The Company and its agents accept no liability for any lost benefits or other losses associated with a failure of any
Stockholder or prospective stockholder to satisfy the QOF 180-day requirement, which is solely the responsibility of such Stockholder
or prospective stockholder.
Retirement Plan Risks
If the fiduciary of an employee pension benefit plan subject
to ERISA (such as profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plan) or any other retirement plan or account fails to meet the fiduciary
and other standards under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code as a result of an investment in our common stock, the fiduciary could be subject
to penalties.
There are special considerations that apply
to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA (such as profit sharing, Section 401(k) or pension plans) and other retirement plans or accounts
subject to Section 4975 of the Code (such as an IRA) that are investing in our shares. Fiduciaries investing the assets of such a plan
or account in our common stock should satisfy themselves that:
| · | the investment is consistent with their fiduciary and other obligations under ERISA and the Code; |
| · | the investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan or IRA, including
the plan’s or account’s investment policy; |
| · | the investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of Sections 404(a)(1)(B) and 404(a)(1)(C)
of ERISA and other applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code; |
| · | the investment in our shares, which is quoted on the OTC with the symbol PVOZ, is consistent with the
liquidity needs of the plan or IRA; |
| · | the investment will not produce an unacceptable amount of “unrelated business taxable income”
for the plan or IRA; |
| · | the fiduciary will be able to comply with the requirements under ERISA and the Code to value our common
stock annually; and |
| · | the investment will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section
4975 of the Code. |
Failure to satisfy the fiduciary standards
of conduct and other applicable requirements of ERISA and the Code may result in the imposition of penalties and could subject the fiduciary
to claims for damages or for equitable remedies. In addition, if an investment in our shares constitutes a non-exempt prohibited transaction
under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, the fiduciary or IRA owner who authorized or directed the investment may be subject to the imposition
of excise taxes with respect to the amount invested. In the case of a prohibited transaction involving an IRA owner, the IRA may be disqualified,
and all of the assets of the IRA may be deemed distributed and subjected to tax. ERISA plan fiduciaries and IRA custodians should consult
with counsel before making an investment in our common stock.
We may become subject to Title I of ERISA, which may lead
to the rescission of certain transactions, tax or fiduciary liability and our being held in violation of certain ERISA and Code requirements.
If for any reason our assets are deemed
to be “plan assets” because we do not qualify as either a “real estate operating company” or a “venture
capital operating company” and there is no other exemption available to prevent our assets from being deemed “plan assets,”
certain transactions, including acquisitions, sales and exchanges of properties, might constitute non-exempt prohibited transactions under
Section 406 of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code and might have to be rescinded and may give rise to prohibited transaction excise
taxes and fiduciary liability. In addition, if our assets are deemed to be “plan assets,” our management may be considered
to be fiduciaries under ERISA. In this regard, while we intend to be structured to qualify as either a “real estate operating company”
or a “venture capital operating company,” fiduciaries of employee benefit plans subject to Title I of ERISA and/or Section
4975 of the Code should make an independent determination whether such status can be achieved.
Important Information
about this Offering Circular
Please carefully read the information in
this offering circular and any accompanying offering circular supplements, which we refer to collectively as the offering circular. You
should rely only on the information contained in this offering circular. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information.
This offering circular may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained
in this offering circular is accurate as of any date later than the date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of the
respective dates of any documents or other information incorporated herein by reference.
This offering circular is
part of an offering statement that we filed with the SEC, using a continuous offering process. Periodically, as we make material investments,
update our NAV, or have other material developments, we will provide an offering circular supplement that may add, update or change information
contained in this offering circular. Any statement that we make in this offering circular will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent
statement made by us in a subsequent offering circular supplement. The offering statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that
provide more detailed descriptions of the matters discussed in this offering circular. You should read this offering circular and the
related exhibits filed with the SEC and any offering circular supplement, together with additional information contained in our annual
reports, semi-annual reports and other reports and information statements that we will file periodically with the SEC. See the section
entitled “Additional Information” below for more details.
The offering statement and all supplements
and reports that we have filed or will file in the future can be read at the SEC website, www.sec.gov, or on the website, www.parkviewozreit.com.
The contents of the website (other than the offering statement, this offering circular and the appendices and exhibits thereto) are not
incorporated by reference in or otherwise a part of this offering circular.
Our Sponsor and those selling shares of
common stock on our behalf in this offering will be permitted to make a determination that the purchasers of shares in this offering are
“qualified purchasers” in reliance on the information and representations provided by the stockholder regarding the stockholder’s
financial situation. Before making any representation that your investment does not exceed applicable thresholds, we encourage you to
review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to www.investor.gov.
In the event that we become a reporting company under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, we intend to take advantage of the provisions that relate to “Emerging Growth Companies” under the JOBS
Act of 2012. See “Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.
INVESTOR SUITABILITY
STANDARDS
Shares of our common stock are being offered
and sold only to “qualified purchasers” (as defined in Regulation A under the Securities Act). As a Tier 2 offering pursuant
to Regulation A under the Securities Act, this offering will be exempt from state law “Blue Sky” review, subject to meeting
certain state filing requirements and complying with certain anti-fraud provisions, to the extent that the shares of our common stock
offered hereby are offered and sold only to “qualified purchasers” or at a time when the shares of our common stock are listed
on a national securities exchange.
“Qualified purchasers” include:
(i) “accredited investors” under Rule 501(a) of Regulation D and (ii) all other investors so long as their investment in the
shares of our common stock does not represent more than 10% of the greater of their annual income or net worth (for natural persons),
or 10% of the greater of annual revenue or net assets at fiscal year-end (for non-natural persons). Accordingly, we reserve the right
to reject any investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we determine in our sole and absolute discretion
that such investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Regulation A.
To determine whether a potential investor
is an “accredited investor” for purposes of satisfying one of the tests in the “qualified purchaser” definition,
the investor must be a natural person who:
| 1. | has an individual net worth, or joint net worth with the person’s spouse or spousal equivalent,
that exceeds $1,000,000 at the time of the purchase, excluding the value of the primary residence of such person; |
| 2. | has earned income exceeding $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with a spouse
or spousal equivalent exceeding $300,000 for those years and a reasonable expectation of the same income level in the current year; or |
| 3. | holds in good standing one or more professional certifications or designations or credentials from an
accredited educational institution that the SEC has designated as qualifying an individual for accredited investor status. |
If the investor is not a natural person,
different standards apply. See Rule 501 of Regulation D for more details.
For purposes of determining whether a potential
investor is a “qualified purchaser,” annual income and net worth should be calculated as provided in the “accredited
investor” definition under Rule 501 of Regulation D. In particular, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value
of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles.
Questions and Answers
About This Offering
The following questions and answers about this offering highlight
material information regarding us and this offering that is not otherwise addressed in the “Offering Summary” section of this
offering circular. You should read this entire offering circular, including the section entitled “Risk Factors,” before deciding
to purchase shares of our common stock.
Q: What is Park View OZ REIT, Inc?
| A: | Park View OZ REIT, Inc is a Maryland corporation formed on June 19, 2020 to originate, invest in and manage a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate properties. We are focused on identifying, acquiring, developing or redeveloping and managing commercial real estate located within "qualified opportunity zones." It is our intent to comply with qualified opportunity fund regulations, which will result in at least 90% of our assets being comprised of qualified opportunity zone business property (QOZBP). As such, Investors making a qualifying investment in our company will be eligible for favorable capital gains tax treatment on their investments. Our investments are expected to consist of properties that meet the investment criteria required of qualified opportunity funds. These investments may be made in a wide variety of property types, including but are not limited to multifamily, mixed used, student housing, senior living, healthcare, office, industrial, self-storage, hospitality, data centers and renewable energy projects located throughout the United States and its territories. |
Though we will not fall under real estate investment
trust (“REIT”) regulations until we claim REIT taxation, we intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify as
a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Being a REIT allows stockholders to potentially eliminate 20% of taxes on income payment
via the qualified business income deduction. Most of our assets are and operations will be conducted through, our Operating Partnerships,
currently Park View QOZB OP, LP, a Delaware limited partnership. We are the sole limited partner of our Operating Partnership and Park
View Investments, LLC is the sole general partner.
Q: Why should I invest in Park View OZ REIT, Inc?
| A: | Our Company combines a strong management team, a highly tax efficient structure and low fees. In addition
to our management team’s decades of financial markets experience, we plan to frequently co-invest and partner with developers who
bring geographic and project specific expertise. We believe these partnerships can enhance investment returns for our stockholders while
also helping us diversify the investment portfolio. See “Opportunity and Market Overview” on page 66 for a brief description
of some of the potential benefits Park View OZ REIT offers. |
Q: What is a real estate investment trust, or REIT?
| A: | In general, a REIT is an entity that: |
| · | combines the capital of many investors to acquire or provide financing for a diversified portfolio of
real estate investments under professional management; |
| · | is able to qualify as a “real estate investment trust” under the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the “Code”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is therefore generally entitled to a deduction for
the dividends it pays and not subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxes on its net income that is distributed to its stockholders.
This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” (i.e., taxation at both the corporate and stockholder
levels) that generally results from investments in a corporation; and |
| · | generally, pays distributions to investors of at least 90% of its annual ordinary taxable income. |
In this offering circular, we refer to an entity that
qualifies to be taxed as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a REIT. We do not currently qualify as
a REIT and intend to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing on such date as determined by our Board of Directors,
taking into consideration factors such as the timing of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements
applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”
for additional details regarding the various requirements that we must satisfy in order to qualify as a REIT and maintain our status as
a qualified opportunity fund.
Q: What is a “qualified opportunity fund” (QOF)?
| A: | The IRS requires the investment be made through a QOF in order to claim opportunity zone tax benefits.
QOFs act as a reporting entity for the opportunity zone program. |
A “qualified opportunity fund” can be
a corporation, a limited liability company or a partnership. QOFs must invest at least 90% of its assets in qualified opportunity zone
property, which is defined as (1) qualified opportunity zone stock, (2) qualified opportunity zone partnership interest or (3) qualified
opportunity zone business property.
Park View OZ REIT will be investing in qualified opportunity
zone business property, indirectly through its interest in subsidiary entities such as Park View QOZB OP, LP. Qualified opportunity zone
business property is commercial real estate located in opportunity zones that qualifies as a “good asset” by passing one of
two criteria:
| 3) | Original Use: This is newly built commercial real estate which has never been placed into service. A property
can also qualify as original use if it is acquired and put back into use after being vacant for a sufficient period. |
| 2) | Substantially Improved: A property must be improved by a dollar value of a least 100% the value of the
acquisition not including the land value. These improvements need to be made during a 30-month interval starting after the acquisition. |
Q: What tax advantages arise from investing in a qualified
opportunity fund?
| A: | There are several tax advantages: |
First, the tax due on your initial capital gain will
be deferred until you sell your QOF investment or until December of 2026. This will allow you to keep your money earning for you longer.
The second, and potentially the most significant benefit,
is once the investment has been held for 10 years all capital gains on the opportunity zone investment can be eliminated via a 100% cost
basis step-up election.
Additionally, once an investment is held for 10 years
the 100% basis step-up eliminates any tax arising from depreciation recapture on the investment.
Q: Who is eligible for opportunity zone benefits?
| A: | Individuals as well as entities such as C corporations, regulated investment companies, REITs, trusts,
partnerships and other pass-through entities such as S corporations, be they foreign or domestic that recognize a capital gain for federal
income tax purposes are eligible for Opportunity zone benefits. The taxpayer must invest in the QOF within 180 days after realizing the
gain, or in some cases later. |
Q: How do taxpayers claim opportunity zone tax benefits?
| A: | Taxpayers will make deferral elections on Form 8949 (Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets),
which will need to be attached to their U.S. federal income tax returns for the taxable year in which the capital gain would have been
recognized had it not been deferred. In addition, on January 27, 2020, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) released
new Form, 8997 (Initial and Annual Statement of Qualified Opportunity Fund QOF Investments) which requires eligible taxpayers holding
a qualified opportunity fund investment at any point during the tax year to report: (i) qualified opportunity fund investments holdings
at the beginning and end of the tax year; (ii) current tax year capital gains deferred by investing in a qualified opportunity fund; and
(iii) qualified opportunity fund investments disposed of during the tax year. Form 8949 should also be used when exiting the investment. |
Q: What gains are eligible for qualified opportunity zone
tax benefits?
| A: | Almost any gains treated as capital gains (short-term or long-term) for U.S. federal income tax purposes
that results from the sale or exchange of capital assets are eligible for deferral by reinvestment in a qualified opportunity fund. Additionally,
the gain must be invested into a QOF within 180 days of its realization date, or later in certain cases. |
Non-qualifying cash can be invested in a qualified
opportunity fund, either independently or in conjunction with capital gains. However, the non-qualifying cash will not be eligible for
opportunity zone benefits. Our intent is to achieve attractive returns regardless of tax incentives.
Q: Are there other tax considerations related to qualified
opportunity funds?
| A: | QOF investors need to be aware that subsequent changes in the tax laws or the adoption of new regulations,
as well as early dispositions of shares of our common stock, could cause the loss of the anticipated tax benefits. Investors need to consider:
(1) the procedures you need to follow to defer capital gain through investing in a qualified opportunity fund, and (2) the tax consequences
of purchasing, owning or disposing of our common stock, including the federal, state and local tax. |
There are many factors to consider when investing in qualified
opportunity zone funds. We highly recommend you consult with your tax advisor.
Q: Who will choose which investments you make?
| A: | We are externally managed by Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC (our “Manager”), which will make
all of our investment decisions through its investment committee, subject to the oversight and direction of our Board of Directors. |
Q: What competitive advantages do we achieve through our
relationship with our Sponsor?
| A: | Park View Investments, LLC, our Sponsor, has a seasoned team of executives, directors and advisors to
guide our investment process and other benefits including the following: |
| · | Management Team — Our Sponsor has a team of senior executives with prior financial markets
experience and directors and advisors of our Sponsor have decades of real estate investment experience. These professionals provide stability
in the management of our business and allow us to benefit from the knowledge and industry contacts they have gained. However, our Sponsor
and our management have no public track record with any programs with similar investment objectives to the Company. The Company’s
board of directors and advisors are those with the relevant real estate experience, but such persons are not considered “promoters”
of the Company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and therefore, we have not included any discussion of
their prior performance in this offering circular. The CEO and CFO are considered promoters as they are the founders of the Company but
because their experience in real estate or with real estate assets does not meet industry Guide 5 disclosure requirements, we have not
included any disclosure of prior performance. |
Pursuant to a support agreement between our Manager
and our Sponsor, our Sponsor will provide our Manager with the personnel, services and resources necessary for our Manager to perform
its obligations and responsibilities under the Management Agreement. Please see “Management—Executive Officers of our Manager”,
“Executive Officers and Directors” and “Advisory Board” for biographical information regarding these individuals.
Additionally, pursuant to the support agreement, our Manager will be provided with access to, among other things, our Sponsor’s
portfolio management, asset valuation, risk management and asset management services as well as administration services addressing legal,
compliance, investor relations and information technologies necessary for the performance by our Manager of its duties.
| · | Tax Efficient Investing – The Tax Cut and Jobs Act (TCJA) significantly changed US tax code. Our
Sponsor has provided a leading voice for best practices in tax efficient investing in the wake of these changes. We believe our
executives knowledge of new opportunities presented by the TCJA will benefit our investors. |
| · | Market Knowledge and Industry Relationships — Through its active and broad participation
in capital markets, our Sponsor benefits from market information that enables it to identify attractive commercial real estate investment
opportunities and to make informed decisions with regard to the relative valuation of financial assets and capital allocation.
We believe that our Sponsor’s industry relationships with a wide variety of commercial real estate owners and operators, brokers
and other intermediaries and third party commercial real estate debt originators will provide us with a competitive advantage in sourcing
attractive investment opportunities to meet our investment objectives. |
Q: Why should I invest in commercial real estate investments?
| A: | Our goal is to provide a professionally managed portfolio consisting primarily of commercial real estate
properties and, to a limited extent, real estate-related assets, to investors who generally have had very limited access to such investments
in the past. Allocating some portion of your portfolio to a direct investment in commercial real estate properties may provide you with: |
| · | a reasonably predictable and stable level of current income from the investment; |
| · | diversification of your portfolio, by investing in an asset class that historically has low correlation
with the stock market generally; and |
| · | the opportunity for capital appreciation. |
Q: What is a “qualified opportunity zone”?
| A: | The opportunity zone is a new community development program established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and
Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) to encourage long-term investments in low-income urban and rural communities nationwide.
The opportunity zone program provides a tax incentive for investors to re-invest their unrealized capital gains into qualified opportunity
funds that are dedicated to investing in opportunity zones designated by the chief executives of every state and territory of the United
States. |
To be certified as a qualified opportunity zone, the
designated census tract must have a poverty rate of at least 20% and be an area for which the median family income does not exceed 80%
of the statewide family income or, if located in a metropolitan area, does not exceed 80% of the metropolitan area median family income.
Certain census tracts contiguous with low income communities may also be designated as qualified opportunity zone if the median family
income of the census tract does not exceed 125% of the median family income of the low-income community with which the census tract is
contiguous. As of the date of this offering circular, there were more than 8,700 qualified opportunity zones throughout the United States.
Q: What kind of offering is this?
| A: | We are offering a maximum of $74,980,000 in shares of our common stock to the public on a “best
efforts” basis at $100.00 per share. This offering is being conducted as a continuous offering pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3) of Regulation
A, meaning that while the offering of securities is continuous, active sales of securities may happen sporadically over the term of the
offering. |
We will commence operations and draw down on investors’ funds once
we have received and accepted subscriptions from investors unaffiliated with the Company, our Manager, our Sponsor, or any other affiliated
party.
Q: How does a “best efforts” offering work?
| A: | A “best efforts” offering means, we are only required to use our best efforts to sell shares
of our common stock to the public. Neither our Manager nor any other party has a firm commitment or obligation to purchase any shares
of our common stock. |
Q: What is the purchase price for shares of common stock?
| A: | We set our initial offering price at $100.00 per share of common stock,
which is the purchase price of our common stock as of the date this offering circular is qualified by the SEC. In the future, we may amend
the offering price of our shares to reflect material changes in the fund by amending this document with the SEC. We may pursue an adjusted
offering price at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. |
Q: When will the closing of the purchase of common stock
occur?
| A: | Closings of the sales of our shares of common stock will occur at a minimum of once each calendar quarter
(each, a “Closing Date”), with each subscription payment made during the quarter prior to that Closing Date being held in
a non-interest bearing escrow account until the applicable Closing Date. We will attempt to accept or reject subscriptions within 15 days
of receipt by us. If we accept your subscription, we will email you a confirmation of acceptance. |
Regardless of when the subscription payments are
released from escrow, the purchase price for the shares will be the price in effect when the investor’s subscription is initially
submitted. If the subscription is accepted, the Company will provide the investor with written notice of the subscription acceptance and
purchase price applicable to the shares within 15 days of the subscription submission.
The investors will not have the right to withdraw
or reconfirm their commitment or the return of their subscription payment by the Company prior to the acceptance of their subscription
agreement or prior to the Closing Date, subject to the Company’s discretion. The investors will have no rights as stockholders of
the Company, including voting and dividend rights, until their subscription agreements have been accepted by the Company.
Please review our Risk Factors beginning
on page 9 for more details.
Q: How will the NAV be calculated?
| A: | We set our NAV at $100.00 per share, which is also the purchase price
of our common stock as of the date of qualification of this offering circular. This valuation has been determined by the Manager based
on subjective analysis of our market position, and may be adjusted from time to time. Our NAV is calculated by our Manager from time to
time, and approved by our Board of Directors. There is no set formula for calculating NAV. We will update our NAV estimate at our
discretion to reflect changes in our view of our economic value. The calculation takes into account many subjective estimates including,
market sentiment and trends for commercial real estate, future occupancy rates, economic outlook for the communities we invest in, gain
or loss of management talent and more. See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies” and “NAV Per Share Adjustments”
for more details. |
Q: Will I be charged upfront selling commissions?
| A: | No. Investors will not pay upfront selling commissions as part of the price per share of common stock
purchased in this offering. We intend to offer our shares directly to investors and not through any underwriters, dealer-managers or other
agents who would be paid commissions by us or any of our affiliates. In the future, however, we may engage the services of one or more
underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents to participate in this offering. The amount of selling commissions or dealer-manager fees
that we or our investors would pay to such underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents will depend on the terms of their engagement. |
Q: Who will pay our organization and offering costs?
| A: | Our Manager or its affiliates have paid and will continue to pay on our behalf all costs incurred in connection
with our organization and the offering of shares of our common stock. See “Estimated Use of Proceeds” for more information
about the types of costs that may be incurred, including those expenses described in the next paragraph. We reimburse our Manager, without
interest, for these organization and offering costs in monthly installments. |
Q: What fees and expenses will you pay to our Manager or
any of its affiliates?
| A: | We pay our Manager a quarterly asset management fee at an annualized
rate of 0.75 which, until 12 months following the commencement of the offering, will be based on our offering proceeds as of the end of
each quarter, and thereafter will be based on our net asset value (“NAV”) at the end of each prior quarter. Additionally,
depending on the roll taken by our Manager on a project, our Manager is entitled to receive development or acquisition fees, construction
or construction oversite fees. |
We have and will continue to reimburse our Manager for the organizational
and offering expenses that the Manager has paid or will pay on our behalf. We will also reimburse our Manager for out-of-pocket expenses
in connection with the origination of our investments. Additionally, we will reimburse our Manager for out-of-pocket expenses paid to
third parties in connection with providing services to us.
We will also reimburse our Manager for
our allocable portion of the salaries, benefits and overhead of personnel providing services to us. In addition, our Manager will be issued
an equity interest equal to 5% of newly issued stock, subject to vesting restrictions. As a result, any time we make a distribution to
our stockholders, whether from continuing operations, net sale proceeds or otherwise, our Manager is entitled to receive 5% of the aggregate
amount of such distribution. The payment by us of fees and expenses will reduce the cash available for investment and distribution and
could impact our NAV. See “Management Compensation” for more details regarding the fees that will be paid to our Manager and
its affiliates.
Q: Will you use leverage?
| A: | Yes, we intend to use leverage. Our targeted aggregate property-level leverage, excluding any debt at
the REIT level or on assets under development or renovation, after we have acquired a substantial portfolio of stabilized properties,
is between 50-70% of the greater of cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or fair market value of our assets.
During the period when we are acquiring, constructing and/or renovating our investments, we may employ greater leverage on individual
assets. Additionally, affordable housing developments often receive grants and other financial incentives which can reduce our equity
contribution and increase our leverage ratio above our target for a conventional development. Please see “Investment Objectives
and Strategy—Borrowing Policy” for more details. |
Q: What is your dividend policy?
| A: | We do not expect to declare any dividends until we achieve positive
annual earnings. Once we begin to pay dividends, we may declare and pay them on a quarterly basis, or more or less frequently as determined
by us following consultation with our Manager, in arrears. Any dividends we pay will be based on, among other factors, our present and
projected future cash flow. We expect that we will set the rate of dividends at a level that will be reasonably consistent and sustainable
over time. Neither we nor our Manager has pre-established a percentage range of return for dividends to stockholders. We have not established
a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we pay dividends to our stockholders. |
The REIT distribution requirements generally require
that we make aggregate annual dividend payments to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard
to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. Moreover, even if we make the required minimum dividends under the REIT
rules, we will be subject to U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income and gains. As a result, we may make
such additional distributions, beyond the minimum REIT distribution, to avoid such taxes. See “Description Capital Stock and Certain
Provisions of Maryland, our Charter and Bylaws — Dividends” and “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Any dividends that we pay will directly
impact our balance sheet, by reducing the amount of our assets. Over the course of your investment, your dividends plus the change in
the value of our share price (either positive or negative) will produce your total return.
Q: What will be the source of your dividends?
| A: | While our goal is to pay dividends from our cash flow from operations, we may use other sources to fund
dividends. Until the proceeds from our public offering are invested and generating operating cash flow, some or all of our dividends may
be paid from other sources, cash advances by our Manager, cash resulting from a waiver of fees or reimbursements due to our Manager, borrowings
in anticipation of future operating cash flow and the issuance of additional securities. Use of some or all of these sources may reduce
the amount of capital we invest in assets and negatively impact the return on your investment and the value of your investment. We have
not established a limit on the amount of proceeds we may use to fund distributions. We can provide no assurances that future cash flow
will support payment of distributions or maintaining distributions at any particular level or at all. |
Q: Will the dividends I receive be taxable as ordinary income?
| A: | Unless your investment is held in a qualified tax-exempt account or we designate certain dividends as
capital gain dividends, dividends that you receive generally will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are from current or accumulated
earnings and profits. The portion of your distribution in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits is considered a return
of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of your investment, rather than result in current tax, until
your basis is reduced to zero. Return of capital distributions made to you in excess of your tax basis in our shares of our common stock
will be treated as sales proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Distributions we designate
as capital gain dividends will generally be taxable at long-term capital gains rates for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
However, because each investor’s tax considerations
are different, particularly those investors investing capital gains, we recommend that you consult with your tax advisor. You also should
review the section of this offering circular entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations,” including for a discussion
of the special rules applicable to distributions in redemption of shares and liquidating distributions.
Under the Tax Act, individuals, trusts, and estates
generally may deduct 20% of “qualified business income” (generally, domestic trade or business income other than certain investment
items) of a partnership, S corporation, or sole proprietorship. In addition, “qualified REIT dividends” (i.e., REIT dividends
other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income
eligible for capital gain tax rates) and certain other income items are eligible for the deduction. The deduction, however, is subject
to complex limitations to its availability. As with the other individual income tax changes, the provisions related to the deduction are
effective beginning in 2018, but without further legislation, they will sunset after 2025.
Q: Are there any risks involved in buying shares of our common
stock?
| A: | Investing in shares of our common stock involves a high degree of risk. If we are unable to effectively
manage the impact of these risks, we may not meet our investment objectives, and therefore, you should purchase these securities only
if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” for a description of the risks relating to this offering
and an investment in our common stock. |
Q: Who can buy shares of our common stock?
| A: | Generally, you may purchase shares of our common stock if you are a “qualified purchaser”
(as defined in Regulation A under the Securities Act). “Qualified purchasers” include: |
| · | “accredited investors” under Rule 501(a) of Regulation D; and |
| · | all other investors so long as their investment in shares of our common stock does not represent more
than 10% of the greater of their annual income or net worth (for natural persons), or 10% of the greater of annual revenue or net assets
at fiscal year-end (for non-natural persons). |
| · | Net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings
and automobiles. We reserve the right to reject any investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we
determine in our sole and absolute discretion that such investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Regulation
A. Please refer to the section above entitled “State Law Exemption and Purchase Restrictions” for more information. |
Q: How do I buy shares?
| A: | You may purchase shares of our common stock in this offering by completing a subscription agreement like
the one attached to this offering circular as Appendix A for a certain investment amount and pay for the shares at the time you subscribe. |
Q: Is there any minimum investment required?
| A: | Yes. There is a minimum investment of at least 100 shares or $10,000 based on the initial offering price,
provided that our Manager has the discretion to accept smaller investments. There is no minimum investment requirement on additional purchases. |
Q: May I make an investment through my IRA or other tax-deferred
retirement account?
Q: What will you do with the proceeds from your offering?
| A: | We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from this offering
(after paying or reimbursing organization and offering expenses) to invest in, develop or redevelop and manage a portfolio of assets consisting
of commercial real estate properties in accordance with our investment strategy. We may also invest, to a limited extent, in other real
estate-related assets. We expect that any expenses or fees payable to our Manager for its services in connection with managing our daily
affairs will be paid from cash flow from operations. If such fees and expenses are not paid from cash flow they will reduce the cash available
for investment and distribution and could impact our NAV. See “Management Compensation” for more details regarding the fees
that will be paid to our Manager and its affiliates. |
We may not be able to promptly invest the net proceeds
of this offering in commercial real estate and other select real estate related assets. In the interim, we may invest in short-term, highly
liquid or other authorized investments. Such short-term investments will not earn as high of a return as we expect to earn on our real
estate-related investments.
Q: How long will this offering last?
| A: | This Offering will commence upon qualification of the offering statement, and will terminate on the earliest
to occur of: (a) the date upon which the Company raises $74,980,000 in the offering; (b) three years from the date of qualification of
this offering (the “Termination Date”); or (c) the date the Manager elects to terminate the offering; provided, however, that
if a new offering statement has been filed pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3)(i)(F), securities covered by this offering statement may continue
to be offered and sold until the earlier of the qualification date of the new offering statement or 180 calendar days after the third
anniversary of the initial qualification date of this offering statement. |
Q: Will I be notified of how my investment is doing?
| A: | Yes, we will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment in us, including: |
| · | current event reports for specified material events within four business days of their occurrence; |
| · | supplements to the offering circular, if we have material information to disclose to you; and |
| · | other reports that we may file or furnish to the SEC from time to time. |
We will provide this information to you by posting
such information on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, at www.parkviewozreit.com, via email, or, upon your consent, via U.S. mail.
Q: When will I get my detailed tax information?
| A: | Your IRS Form 1099-DIV tax information, if required, will be provided by January 31 of the year following
each taxable year. |
Q: Who can help answer my questions about the offering?
| A: | If you have more questions about the offering, or if you would like additional copies of this offering
circular, you should contact us by phone at 617-971-8807, by email at investorrelations@parkviewozreit.com or by mail at: |
Park View OZ REIT, Inc
One Beacon Street
32nd Floor
Boston, MA 02108
Estimated Use of Proceeds
The table below sets forth
our estimated use of proceeds from this offering, assuming we sell $74,980,000 in shares of our common stock in this offering. Shares
of our common stock will be offered at $100.00 per share. In the future we may amend the offering price of our shares to reflect material
changes in the fund by amending this document with the SEC. We may pursue an adjusted offering price at the sole discretion of our Board
of Directors.
We expect to use substantially
all of the net proceeds from this offering (after paying or reimbursing organization and offering expenses) to invest in, develop or redevelop
and manage a diverse portfolio of assets consisting of commercial real estate properties and other real estate-related assets in accordance
with our investment strategy. We expect that any expenses or fees payable to our Manager for its services in connection with managing
our daily affairs will be paid from cash flow from operations. If such fees and expenses are not paid from cash flow (or waived) they
will reduce the cash available for investment and distribution and may impact our NAV. See “Management Compensation” for more
details regarding the fees that will be paid to our Manager and its affiliates. Many of the amounts set forth in the table below represent
our Manager’s best estimate since they cannot be precisely calculated at this time. We do expect to use proceeds from the offering
to compensate or otherwise make payments to our officers or directors.
In the event the entire offering amount
is not sold we may choose to engage in small development projects. We could also undertake fewer projects which might restrict our ability
to diversify our holdings.
We may not be able to promptly invest the
net proceeds of this offering in our qualified opportunity zone investments. In the interim, we may
invest in short-term, highly liquid or other authorized investments, subject to the requirements for qualification as a REIT and as a
qualified opportunity fund. Such short-term investments will not earn as high of a return as we expect to earn on our real estate related
investments.
| |
Maximum Offering | |
| |
Amount | |
Gross Offering Proceeds | |
$ | 74,980,000.00 | |
Less: | |
| | |
Organization and Offering Expenses (1)(2)(3) | |
$ | 660,000.00 | |
Net Proceeds from this Offering | |
$ | 74,320,000.00 | |
___________________________
| (1) | This is a “best efforts” offering, which means we are only required to use our best efforts
to sell our common shares offered in this Offering. |
| (2) | Our
Manager has paid and will continue to pay organization and offering expenses on our behalf. We have and will continue to reimburse our
Manager for organizational and offering costs and expenses incurred on our behalf. We expect to incur approximately $660,000 in aggregate
organization and offering expenses including personnel expenses if we raise the maximum offering amount in this Offering. |
| (3) | The amount given is an estimate. Includes all expenses to be paid by us in connection with our formation
and the qualification of the offering, and the marketing and distribution of shares of our common stock, including, without limitation,
expenses for printing, engraving and amending offering statements or supplementing offering circulars, mailing and distributing costs,
telephones, internet and other telecommunications costs, all advertising and marketing expenses, charges of experts and fees, expenses
and taxes related to the filing, registration and qualification of the sale of shares under the federal and state laws, including taxes
and fees and accountants’ and attorneys’ fees. See “Plan of Distribution.” |
Description of Business
and Properties
Overview
Park View OZ REIT, Inc is
a Maryland corporation formed on June 19, 2020 to originate, invest in and manage a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate properties.
We are focused on identifying, acquiring, developing or redeveloping and managing commercial real estate located within qualified opportunity
zones. It is our intent to comply with qualified opportunity fund regulations, which will result in at least 90% of our assets being comprised
of qualified opportunity zone business property (QOZBP).
Our mailing address is located
at One Beacon Street, 32nd Floor, Boston, MA 02108. Our telephone number is 617-971-8807. Information regarding the Company
is also available on our web site at www.parkviewozreit.com.
We expect to use substantially all of the
net proceeds from this offering to originate, acquire and structure a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate properties in accordance
with our investment strategy described below. We may also invest, to a limited extent, in commercial real estate loans, as well as commercial
real estate debt and equity securities and other real estate-related assets.
Though we will not fall under
real estate investment trust (“REIT”) regulations until we claim REIT taxation, we intend to operate in a manner that will
allow us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Among other requirements, REITs are required to distribute to stockholders
at least 90% of their annual taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain).
In addition, in seeking to satisfy the Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF) requirements, the Company intends to hold at least 90% of its
assets in properties that qualify as qualified opportunity zone property. We intend to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes
on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors such as the timing of our ability to generate
cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain our status as a qualified
opportunity fund. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for additional details regarding the various requirements that
we must satisfy in order to qualify as a REIT and maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund.
Through this “REIT QOF” structure
our stockholders can potentially enjoy two recent changes in federal tax law - the Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction and the QOF
legislation. Both tax incentives were enacted as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA). The QBI deduction eliminates federal
tax on 20% of income of certain pass through entities including REITs. Opportunity Zone legislation offers potentially substantial tax
benefits for reinvesting eligible capital gains into designated communities (opportunity zones) that need capital investment. To qualify
for both of these tax incentive programs we intend to invest at least 90% of our assets in qualified opportunity zone business properties.
To qualify as a “good asset” for QOF benefits these investments will need to either be in properties that are new construction
or in existing properties that need substantial improvement.
There are more than 8,700 designated opportunity
zones across the United States and its territories. They offer a wide variety of investment profiles and we believe some of them have
very attractive growth potential. We expect our future operations to encompass a wide variety of commercial development and redevelopment
projects across many property types including but not limited to: Multi-family, Mixed Use, Senior and Student housing, Industrial, Healthcare
or any other project that we believe will fall under the scope of the Fund’s mandate. We plan to frequently partner with developers
who can provide us geographic and project specific expertise. Because many of the opportunity zone benefits reward long term capital investments
we intend to invest accordingly. We believe our connections and reputation along with our long-term investment horizon make us an attractive
co-investment partner. As of the date of this offering circular, we have not identified any particular asset to acquire.
We will be externally managed and advised
by our Manager. We expect to benefit from the personnel, relationships and experience of our Manager’s management team and other
personnel of our Manager. Pursuant to the terms of a management agreement between our Manager, us and our Operating Partnerships, our
Manager will provide us with our management team and appropriate personnel, services and resources necessary for our Manager to perform
its obligations and responsibilities under the management agreement.
We have entered into the Amended
Management Agreement with our Operating Partnerships and our Manager effective as of April 26, 2024. Pursuant to the Management Agreement,
our Manager will implement our business strategy and perform certain services for us, subject to oversight by our Board of Directors.
Our Manager will be responsible for, among other duties, (1) performing all of our day-to-day functions, (2) determining our investment
strategy and guidelines in conjunction with our Board of Directors, (3) sourcing, analyzing and executing investments, asset sales and
financing, (4) performing portfolio management duties, and (5) performing financial and accounting functions.
The initial term of the management
agreement will be for five years commencing, with automatic one-year renewal terms starting on completion of the initial five-year term.
For a detailed description of the management agreement’s termination provisions, see “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Management
Agreement.”
Most of our assets will be
held by, and all of our operations will be conducted through, our Operating Partnerships. On June 29, 2022, we formed Park View QOZB OP,
LP, a Delaware limited partnership and are the sole limited partner of this Operating Partnership. The sole general partner is Park View
Investments, LLC.
Shares of our common stock will be subject
to the ownership and transfer limitations in our charter which are intended to assist us in qualifying and maintaining our qualification
as a REIT, including, subject to certain exceptions, a 9.8% ownership limit. See “Description of our Capital Stock and Certain Provisions
of Maryland Law, our Charter and Bylaws—Restrictions on Ownership of Shares.”
Properties
On June 21, 2023, Park View OZ REIT, Inc (OTC:
PVOZ) (the “Company”), through one of its limited partnerships, entered into two Purchase Agreements with 420 W Park LLC for
the acquisition of one half of the four-unit new construction townhouse development located at 2209 North Boulevard in Tampa Heights (the
“Properties”). On August 16, 2023, the parties closed on the Properties. The properties were purchased for cash, completed
in November 2023 and as of the date of this offering circular were fully rented.
We believe the investment
was attractively priced, has strong appreciation potential, and possesses the characteristics that we continue to look for in future investments.
First, we were able to limit our risk by partnering with a developer who has a successful track record of delivering townhouse developments
in the Tampa area. Second, we made the investment while the townhouses were already under construction, eliminating permitting risk. We
also limited risk by not using any debt for this project. We will use debt at times but in the summer of 2023 lending rates were peaking
and lenders were also using increasingly restrictive contract terms. Under these conditions we were happy to minimize our risk by skipping
the high interest rates and tough contract terms.
The reasons we believe 2209
North Boulevard is positioned for strong long term capital appreciation are many. It starts with its close proximity to downtown Tampa.
Tampa has seen an impressive revitalization in recent years. Billions of dollars have been invested in new downtown projects, led by the
$4 billion dollar Water Street project, and many more are currently in progress or in planning. Tampa Heights also benefits from the Riverwalk
which is beautiful and connects it to downtown. Additionally, Tampa Heights has become a magnet for new restaurants and micro-breweries.
This includes the highly popular Armature Works, which is a converted factory on the Hillsborough River which is home to twenty bars and
restaurants. Both Armature Works and the Riverwalk are a short walk from 2209 North Boulevard. Tampa Heights has seen a strong positive
trend in real estate valuation in recent years and we believe these trends are long term in nature. The property also fits into our overall
belief that the warm weather, low tax states will continue to see elevated job and population growth for decades to come.
Regulation
General
Our properties will be subject to various
covenants, laws, ordinances, and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire safety requirements. We expect that
our properties, at the time they are fully stabilized, will have the necessary permits and approvals to operate their business.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Our properties will need to comply with
Title III of the ADA to the extent that it is a “public accommodation” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal
of structural barriers to access for persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily
achievable. Although we believe that our properties will be substantially in compliance, some of our properties may currently be in noncompliance
with the ADA. Such noncompliance could result in the incurrence of additional costs to attain compliance, the imposition of fines or an
award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one and we will continue
to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
Insurance
We will carry commercial insurance with
the policy specifications and insured limits that management believes are appropriate and adequate for all our properties given the relative
risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. However, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to fully cover our
losses. There are types of losses at the property level, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism,
earthquakes, floods, wind damage, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, which are uninsurable or not economically insurable,
or may be insured subject to significant limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. If any of our properties incurs a casualty
loss that is not fully insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss. In addition, our title insurance policies
may not insure for the current aggregate market value of any of our properties, and we do not intend to increase our title insurance coverage
as the market values of our properties increase.
Competition
In acquiring our properties, we compete
with public commercial property sector REITs, income oriented non-traded REITs, private real estate fund managers, Qualified Opportunity
Funds and local real estate investors and developers. Many of these entities have greater resources than us or other competitive advantages.
We also face significant competition in leasing available properties to prospective tenants and in re-leasing space to existing tenants.
Employees
We do not currently have any
employees and do not expect to have any employees in the foreseeable future. Services necessary for our business are provided by our Manager
pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement. Pursuant to a support agreement between our Manager and our Sponsor, our Sponsor provides
our Manager with the personnel, services and resources necessary for our Manager to perform its obligations and responsibilities under
the Management Agreement. Each of our executive officers is an employee or officer of our Sponsor. To the extent that we acquire more
investments, we anticipate that the number of our Sponsor’s employees who devote time to our matters will increase.
Expenses
Our Operating Partnerships will pay all
of our administrative costs and expenses, including:
| · | all expenses relating to our formation and continuity of existence and operation; |
| · | all expenses relating to our organizational costs and the costs of this offering; |
| · | all expenses relating to registrations and repurchases of securities; |
| · | all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of our periodic or other reports and communications
under U.S. federal, state or local laws or regulations; |
| · | all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory
body; |
| · | all expenses for compensation of our directors, director nominees and officers; and |
| · | all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business on behalf
of our Operating Partnerships. |
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be party to various
lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party, as plaintiff
or defendant, to any legal proceedings that we believe to be material or which, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to
have a material effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operation if determined adversely to us.
Our Company Information
Our corporate address is One Beacon Street,
32nd Floor, Boston, MA 02108. Our telephone number is 617-971-8807. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website
is not incorporated by reference into and does not constitute a part of this offering circular or any other report or documents we file
with or furnish to the SEC.
Our Manager and the
Management Agreement
General
We will be externally managed and advised
by our Manager. The executive offices of our Manager can be contacted at One Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108, and our telephone number
is 617-971-8807.
Officers of Our Manager
The following table sets forth certain information with respect
to the executive officers of our Manager.
Officer |
|
Age |
|
Position Held with Our Manager |
Michael Kelley |
|
59 |
|
Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
Elizabeth Tyminski |
|
59 |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
Management—Executive Officers of our Manager
Set forth below is biographical information for the executive
officers of our Manager.
Michael Kelley
Mr. Kelley has over 30 years of experience
in business and financial markets. Prior to founding Park View Investments Mr. Kelley, through Niagara International Capital, worked with
clients structuring capital transactions to fund real estate development and operating company operations. He was early to recognize the
potential of Opportunity Zones to change the course of capital flows. Through his writings and presentations Mr. Kelley has become a leading
voice on Opportunity Zones and how investors and community leaders can benefit from them. He is active in the entrepreneurial community
having served as a mentor, board member and pitch competition judge. Previously he focused on investing in emerging markets for a family
office and worked at several investment banks raising capital in a wide variety of industries. Mr. Kelley has a B.A. in Economics from
the University of Massachusetts. Mr. Kelley was selected as a director because of his extensive financial markets experience and
his ability to lead our company through the opportunities and challenges inherent in our business.
Elizabeth Tyminski
Ms. Tyminski brings 25+ years of experience
in management, human resources, and leadership. She is adept at identifying challenges, defining solutions and implementing new processes
and procedures to drive results. Currently she is running a non-profit that promotes the engineering profession in the built environment. She
the immediate past Vice President of the Association of Junior Leagues International, a 140,000 member organization. She is a highly active
volunteer for her alma mater, Smith College and is the immediate past President of the Boston Smith College Club. Elizabeth
is an MBA recipient from Boston College where she graduated first in her class. Ms. Tyminski was selected as a director because of her
extensive financial and operational experience.
Management Agreement
We entered into the Amended
Management Agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with our Operating Partnership and our Manager effective as of April 26,
2024. The initial term of the Management Agreement is for five years commencing on the effective date of the Management Agreement, with
automatic one-year renewal terms starting on completion of the initial five-year term.
Management Services
Pursuant to the Management
Agreement, our Manager will implement our business strategy and perform certain services for us, subject to oversight by our Board of
Directors. Our Manager will be responsible for, among other duties, (1) performing all of our day-to-day functions, (2) determining our
investment strategy and guidelines in conjunction with our Board of Directors, (3) sourcing, analyzing and executing investments, asset
sales and financing, (4) performing portfolio management duties, and (5) performing financial and accounting functions. The services and
activities provided by the Manager may include, without limitation, the following:
Investment Advisory and Acquisition Services
| · | approve and oversee our overall investment strategy, which will consist of elements such as investment
selection criteria, diversification strategies and asset disposition strategies; |
| · | serve as our investment and financial manager with respect to sourcing, underwriting, acquiring, financing,
originating, servicing, investing in and managing a diversified portfolio of commercial properties and other real estate-related assets; |
| · | adopt and periodically review our investment guidelines; |
| · | structure the terms and conditions of our acquisitions, sales and co-investments; |
| · | enter into leases and service contracts for the properties and other investments; |
| · | approve and oversee our debt financing strategies; |
| · | approve co-investments, limited partnerships and other such relationships with third parties; |
| · | approve any potential liquidity transaction; |
| · | obtain market research and economic and statistical data in connection with our investments and investment
objectives and policies; |
| · | oversee and conduct the due diligence process related to prospective investments; |
| · | prepare reports regarding prospective investments which include recommendations and supporting documentation
necessary for our Manager’s investment committee to evaluate the proposed investments; and |
| · | negotiate and execute approved investments and other transactions. |
Offering Services
| · | the development of this offering, including the determination of its specific terms; |
| · | preparation and approval of all marketing materials to be used by us relating to this offering; |
| · | the negotiation and coordination of the receipt, collection, processing and acceptance of subscription
agreements, commissions, and other administrative support functions; |
| · | creation and implementation of various technology and electronic communications related to this offering;
and |
| · | all other services related to this offering. |
Asset Management Services
| · | investigate, select, and, on our behalf, engage and conduct business with such persons as our Manager
deems necessary to the proper performance of its obligations under our management agreement, including but not limited to consultants,
accountants, lenders, technical managers, attorneys, corporate fiduciaries, escrow agents, depositaries, custodians, agents for collection,
insurers, insurance agents, developers, property managers, leasing and investment sale brokers, construction companies and any and all
persons acting in any other capacity deemed by our Manager necessary or desirable for the performance of any of the services under our
management agreement; |
| · | monitor applicable markets and obtain reports (which may be prepared by our Manager or its affiliates)
where appropriate, concerning the value of our investments; |
| · | monitor and evaluate the performance of our investments, provide management services to us and perform
and supervise the various management and operational functions related to our investments; |
| · | formulate and oversee the implementation of strategies for the administration, promotion, management,
operation, maintenance, improvement, financing and refinancing, marketing, leasing and disposition of investments on an overall portfolio
basis; and |
| · | coordinate and manage relationships between us and any co-investment partners. |
Accounting and Other Administrative Services
| · | manage and perform the various administrative functions necessary for our day-to-day operations; |
| · | provide or arrange for administrative services, legal services, office space, office furnishings, personnel
and other overhead items necessary and incidental to our business and operations; |
| · | provide financial and operational planning services and portfolio management functions; |
| · | maintain or arrange for the maintenance of accounting data and any other information concerning our activities
as will be required to prepare and to file all periodic financial reports and returns required to be filed with the SEC and any other
regulatory agency, including annual financial statements; |
| · | maintain or arrange for the maintenance of all appropriate company books and records; |
| · | oversee tax and compliance services and risk management services and coordinate with appropriate third
parties, including independent accountants and other consultants, on related tax matters; |
| · | supervise the performance of such ministerial and administrative functions as may be necessary in connection
with our daily operations; |
| · | provide us with all necessary cash management services; |
| · | manage and coordinate with the transfer agent, if any, the process of making dividends and payments to
stockholders; |
| · | evaluate and obtain adequate insurance coverage based upon risk management determinations; |
| · | provide timely updates related to the overall regulatory environment affecting us, as well as managing
compliance with regulatory matters; |
| · | evaluate our corporate governance structure and appropriate policies and procedures related thereto; and |
| · | oversee all reporting, record keeping, internal controls and similar matters in a manner to allow us to
comply with applicable law. |
Stockholder Services
| · | determine our distribution policy; and |
| · | manage communications with our stockholders, including answering phone calls, preparing and sending written
and electronic reports and other communications. |
Financing Services
| · | identify and evaluate potential financing and refinancing sources, engaging a third party broker if necessary; |
| · | negotiate terms of, arrange and execute financing agreements; |
| · | manage relationships between us and our lenders, if any; and |
| · | monitor and oversee the service of our debt facilities and other financings, if any. |
Disposition Services
| · | evaluate and approve potential asset dispositions, sales or liquidity transactions; and |
| · | structure and negotiate the terms and conditions of transactions pursuant to which our assets may be sold. |
Pursuant to the terms of the Management
Agreement, our Manager may retain, for and on our behalf, such additional services, including property management, leasing and construction
services, as our Manager deems necessary or advisable in connection with our management and operations, which may include obtaining such
services from our Manager or its affiliates, the costs of which will be in addition to the asset management fee; provided, that any such
services may only be provided by our Manager or its affiliates to the extent such services are on arm’s-length terms and competitive
market rates in relation to terms that are then customary for agreements regarding the provision of such services to companies that have
assets similar in type, quality and value to our assets and our subsidiaries’ assets.
Liability and Indemnification
Pursuant to the Management
Agreement, our Manager will not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder in good faith. It will
not be responsible for any action of our Board of Directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations, including
as set forth in the investment guidelines. Our Manager will maintain a contractual as opposed to a fiduciary relationship with us. However,
to the extent that employees of our Manager also serve as our officers or directors, such officers and directors will owe us duties under
Maryland law in their capacity as officers and directors, which may include the duty to exercise reasonable care in the performance of
such officers’ or directors’ responsibilities, as well as the duties of loyalty, good faith and candid disclosure. Under the
terms of the Management Agreement, our Manager and its affiliates, and any of their members, principals, stockholders, managers, partners,
personnel, officers, directors, employees, consultants, agents and any person providing sub-advisory services to our Manager, will not
be liable to us, our directors, stockholders, partners or members for any acts or omissions (including errors that may result from ordinary
negligence, such as errors in the investment decision-making process) performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Management Agreement,
except by reason of acts or omissions constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties
under the Management Agreement, as determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. We have agreed to
indemnify our Manager, its affiliates and any of their officers, stockholders, members, partners, managers, directors, personnel, employees,
consultants and any person providing sub-advisory services to our Manager with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities,
demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our Manager not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless
disregard of duties, arising from acts or omissions performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the Management Agreement.
Our Manager has agreed to indemnify us, our directors, officers, stockholders, partners or members and any persons controlling us with
respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts or omissions of our Manager constituting
bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties under the Management Agreement or any claims by our
Sponsor’s employees relating to the terms and conditions of their employment by Sponsor. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our Sponsor
may carry errors and omissions and other customary insurance coverage upon the completion of this offering.
Management Team
Pursuant to the terms of the Management
Agreement, our Manager will be required to provide us with a portion of our management team, including a Chief Executive Officer and such
other positions as requested by our Board of Directors, along with appropriate support personnel, to provide the management services to
be provided by our Manager to us. None of the officers or employees of our Sponsor will be dedicated exclusively to us. Members of our
management team will be required to devote such time as is necessary and appropriate commensurate with the level of our activity.
Our Manager will be required to refrain
from any action that, in its sole judgment made in good faith, (a) is not in compliance with the investment guidelines, (b) would adversely
and materially affect our qualification as a REIT under the Code or our status as an entity intended to be excluded or exempted from investment
company status under the Investment Company Act, or (c) would violate any law, rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having
jurisdiction over us or that would otherwise not be permitted by our charter or bylaws. If our Manager is ordered to take any action by
our Board of Directors, our Manager will promptly notify our Board of Directors if it is our Manager’s judgment that such action
would adversely and materially affect such status or violate any such law, rule or regulation or our charter or bylaws. Our Manager, its
affiliates and any of their members, principals, stockholders, managers, partners, personnel, officers, directors, employees, consultants,
agents and any person providing sub-advisory services to our Manager will not be liable to us, our Board of Directors, our stockholders,
partners or members, for any act or omission by our Manager or any of its affiliates, except as provided in the management agreement.
Term and Termination
The Management Agreement may
be amended or modified by agreement between us and our Manager. The initial term of the Management Agreement expires on the fifth anniversary
of the effective date of the agreement and will be automatically renewed for a one-year term each anniversary date thereafter unless previously
terminated as described below. The independent members of our Board of Directors will review our Manager’s performance and, following
the initial term, the Management Agreement may be terminated annually upon the affirmative vote of the majority of our independent members
of the Board of Directors, based upon unsatisfactory performance that is materially detrimental to us taken as a whole. We must provide
180 days’ prior notice of any such termination. During the initial five-year term of the Management Agreement, we may not terminate
the Management Agreement except for cause. Currently, we have no independent members of the Board of Directors. For more details, see
“Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
We may also terminate the Management Agreement
at any time, including during the initial term, with 30 days’ prior written notice from our Board of Directors for cause, which
is defined as:
| · | our Manager’s continued breach of any material provision of the Management Agreement following a
period of 30 days after written notice thereof (or 45 days after written notice of such breach if our Manager, under certain circumstances,
has taken steps to cure such breach within 30 days of the written notice); |
| · | the commencement of any proceeding relating to the bankruptcy or insolvency of our Manager, including
an order for relief in an involuntary bankruptcy case or our Manager authorizing or filing a voluntary bankruptcy petition; |
| · | any change of control of our Manager which our the independent members of our Board of Directors determine
is materially detrimental to us taken as a whole; |
| · | our Manager committing fraud against us, misappropriating or embezzling our funds, or acting, or failing
to act, in a manner constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of its duties
under the Management Agreement; provided, however, that if any of these actions is caused by an employee, personnel and/or officer of
our Manager or one of its affiliates and our Manager (or such affiliate) takes all necessary and appropriate action against such person
and cures the damage caused by such actions within 30 days of our Manager’s actual knowledge of its commission or omission, the
Management Agreement shall not be terminable; in addition, if our Manager (or such affiliate) diligently takes necessary and appropriate
action to cure the damage caused by such actions in the first 30 days of our Manager’s actual knowledge of its commission or omission,
our Manager (or such affiliate) will have a total of 180 days in which to cure such damage before the Management Agreement shall become
terminable; or |
| · | the dissolution of our Manager. |
Our Manager may assign the agreement in
its entirety or delegate certain of its duties under the Management Agreement to any of its affiliates without the approval of our Board
of Directors so long as our Manager remains liable for any such affiliate’s performance, and if such assignment or delegation does
not require our approval under the Investment Advisers Act.
Our Manager may terminate the Management
Agreement if we become required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, with such termination deemed to
occur immediately before such event. Our Manager may decline to renew the Management Agreement by providing us with 180 days’ written
notice prior to the expiration of the initial term or the then current automatic renewal term. In addition, if we default in the performance
of any material term of the agreement and the default continues for a period of 30 days after written notice to us specifying such default
and requesting the same be remedied in 30 days (or 45 days after the written notice of such breach of if we, under certain circumstances,
have taken steps to cure such breach within 30 days of the written notice), our Manager may terminate the Management Agreement.
We may not assign our rights or responsibilities
under the Management Agreement without the prior written consent of our Manager, except in the case of assignment to another REIT or other
organization which is our successor, in which case such successor organization will be bound under the Management Agreement and by the
terms of such assignment in the same manner as we are bound under the Management Agreement.
Management Compensation and Expense Reimbursements
We do not maintain an office or directly
employ personnel. Instead, we rely on the facilities and resources of our Manager to manage our day-to-day operations.
Our Manager and its affiliates are
entitled to receive fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to this offering and the investment and management of our assets,
including a quarterly asset management fee. See “Management Compensation” for a detailed explanation of the fees and expenses
payable to our Manager and its affiliates. Neither our Manager nor its affiliates will receive any selling commissions or dealer manager
fees in connection with the offer and sale of shares of our common stock.
Support Agreement
Our Manager has entered into
the Support Agreement with our Sponsor. Pursuant to this agreement, our Manager will be provided with access to, among other things, our
sponsor’s portfolio management, asset valuation, risk management and asset management services as well as administration services
addressing legal, compliance, investor relations and information technologies necessary for the performance by our Manager of its duties
in exchange for a fee representing our Manager’s allocable cost for these services. The fee paid by our Manager pursuant to the
support agreement will not constitute a reimbursable expense under the Management Agreement. However, under the Support Agreement, our
sponsor will be entitled to receive reimbursement of expenses incurred on behalf of us or our Manager that we are required to pay our
Manager under the Management Agreement.
Management
Board of Directors
We operate under the direction of our Board
of Directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. Our Board of Directors has retained our
Manager to direct the management of our business and affairs, manage our day-to-day affairs, and implement our investment strategy, subject
to our Board of Directors’ supervision. The current Board members are Michael Kelley and Elizabeth Tyminski. Our Chief Executive
Officer is Michael Kelley and our Chief Financial Officer is Elizabeth Tyminski, both of which are also officers of our Manager.
Our Board of Directors will be classified
into three classes. Michael Kelley is a Class III director, Elizabeth Tyminski is a Class II director. The Class I directors will be elected
for an initial term ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders the year after election and until his or her successor is elected
and qualified. Subsequent Class I directors will be elected for successive terms ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders the
third year after election and until his or her successor is elected and qualified. The Class II directors will be elected for an initial
term ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders the second year after election and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
Subsequent Class II directors will be elected for successive terms ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders the third year after
election and until his or her successor is elected and qualified. The Class III directors will be elected for an initial term ending at
the annual meeting of the stockholders the third year after election and until his or her successor is elected and qualified. Subsequent
Class III directors will be elected for successive terms ending at the annual meeting of the stockholders the third year after election
and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
None of our directors are deemed independent
at this time. An independent director is a person who is not an officer or employee of our Manager or its affiliates and meets the requirements
as set forth in Nasdaq Rule 5605(a)(2). We plan to add independent directors in the future as we grow, which is a requirement for our
common stock to be quoted on the OTCQX. At such time that we have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon
conflicts of interest matters, including transactions between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and
Related Party Transactions.”
Although the number of Board members may
be increased or decreased, a decrease may not have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director. Any director may resign
at any time or may be removed for fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by non-appealable decision of a court of
competent jurisdiction, or by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast at
a meeting called for the purpose of the proposed removal. The notice of the meeting will indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes,
of the meeting is to determine if the director will be removed.
Our charter and bylaws provide that any
and all vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office,
even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any individual elected to fill such vacancy will serve for the remainder
of the full term of the class in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies.
Our charter and bylaws provide that any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting with the unanimous consent,
in writing or by electronic transmissions, of each stockholder entitled to vote on the matter.
Under Maryland law, our directors must perform
their duties in good faith and in a manner each director believes to be in our best interests. Further, our directors must act with such
care as a prudent person in a similar position would use under similar circumstances, including exercising reasonable inquiry when taking
actions. However, our directors and executive officers are not required to devote all of their time to our business and must devote only
such time to our affairs as their duties may require. We do not expect that our directors will be required to devote a substantial portion
of their time to us in discharging their duties. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
Our general investment and borrowing policies
are set forth in this offering circular. Our directors may establish written policies on investments and borrowings and will monitor our
administrative procedures, investment operations and performance to ensure that our executive officers and Manager follow these policies
and that these policies continue to be in the best interests of our stockholders. Unless modified by our directors, we will follow the
policies on investments and borrowings set forth in this offering circular.
Committees of our Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors may delegate many
of its powers to one or more committees. As of the date of this offering circular, our Board of Directors has established an audit committee.
Audit Committee
We have established an audit committee consisting
of Elizabeth Tyminski, and Michael Kelley. Elizabeth Tyminski is the chairman of the audit committee. The audit committee’s duties
include, without limitation:
| · | reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor the annual audited financial statements; |
| · | discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments
made in connection with the preparation of our financial statements; |
| · | monitoring the independence of the independent auditor; |
| · | verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the
audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law; |
| · | inquiring and discussing with management our compliance with applicable laws and regulations; |
| · | pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by our independent auditor,
including the fees and terms of the services to be performed; |
| · | appointing or replacing the independent auditor; and |
| · | determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent auditor for the purpose of preparing
or issuing an audit report or related work. |
Executive Officers and Directors
We have provided below certain information
about our Company’s directors and executive officers.
Name |
|
Age |
|
Position Held |
|
Term of Office |
Michael Kelley |
|
59 |
|
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President |
|
June 2020 – Present |
Elizabeth Tyminski |
|
59 |
|
Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Financial Officer |
|
June 2020 – Present |
The address of each director listed is One
Beacon Street, 32nd Floor, Boston, MA 02108. Set forth below is biographical information with respect to our directors. Biographical
information for each of our management directors may be found above in “Our Manager and the Management Agreement—Management
Biographical Information.”
Michael Kelley
Mr. Kelley has over 30 years of experience
in business and financial markets. Prior to founding Park View Investments Mr. Kelley, through Niagara International Capital, worked with
clients structuring capital transactions to fund real estate development and operating company operations. He was early to recognize the
potential of Opportunity Zones to change the course of capital flows. Through his writings and presentations Mr. Kelley has become a leading
voice on Opportunity Zones and how investors and community leaders can benefit from them. He is active in the entrepreneurial community
having served as a mentor, board member and pitch competition judge. Previously he focused on investing in emerging markets for a family
office and worked at several investment banks raising capital in a wide variety of industries. Mr. Kelley has a B.A. in Economics from
the University of Massachusetts. Mr. Kelley was selected as a director because of his extensive financial markets experience and
his ability to lead our company through the opportunities and challenges inherent in our business.
Elizabeth Tyminski
Ms. Tyminski brings 25+ years of experience
in management, human resources, and leadership. She is adept at identifying challenges, defining solutions and implementing new processes
and procedures to drive results. Currently she is running a non-profit that promotes the engineering profession in the built environment. She
the immediate past Vice President of the Association of Junior Leagues International, a 140,000 member organization. She is a highly active
volunteer for her alma mater, Smith College and is the immediate past President of the Boston Smith College Club. Elizabeth
is a MBA recipient from Boston College where she graduated first in her class. Ms. Tyminski was selected as a director because of her
extensive financial and operational experience.
Advisory Board
Our Board of Directors has
created an Advisory Board to provide it and the Manager advice regarding, among other things, potential investments, general market conditions
and debt and equity financing opportunities. The members of the Advisory Board will not be managers or officers of our company and will
not have any fiduciary or other duties to stockholders. The Advisory Board will initially consist of: Warren Isabelle and Ken Mabbs. The
Advisory Board will not participate in meetings of our Board of Directors unless specifically invited to attend. The Advisory Board will
meet at such times as requested by our Board of Directors or our Manager. The members of the Advisory Board can be appointed and removed
and the number of members of the Advisory Board may be increased or decreased by the Manager at any time and for any reason. The appointment
and removal of members of the Advisory Board do not require approval of the Company’s stockholders. Set forth below is biographical
information with respect to the initial member of the Advisory Board.
Warren Isabelle, CFA
Mr. Isabelle is a founder and former Managing
Member of Ironwood Investment Management. He began his career at The Hartford Insurance Group in 1983 and joined The Pioneer Group in
1984 as a chemical analyst. In July 1990, Mr. Isabelle opened the Pioneer Capital Growth mutual fund and opened the Pioneer Small Company
Fund in 1994. He managed both funds until January 1997 in addition to taking on duties as Director of Research and Head of Domestic Equities.
He was then hired by the Evergreen Funds as chief investment officer for equities before establishing Ironwood. Since January 2004, Mr.
Isabelle has served as a member of the Public Board and Vice-Chairman of the Investment Committee of the University of Massachusetts Foundation.
Mr. Isabelle is a Chartered Financial Analyst and a member of the CFA institute. Mr. Isabelle received a Bachelor of Science degree in
chemistry from Lowell Technological Institute, a Master of Science degree in Polymer Science and Engineering from the University of Massachusetts,
and a Masters in Business Administration from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Isabelle was selected as a director
because of his extensive investment and finance experience.
Kenneth Mabbs
Mr. Mabbs started his career as an investment
banker with Bear Stearns focused primarily on technology-oriented companies. He left to become the Director of Investment Banking
of First Albany Corporation/Gleacher Company. With their initial sponsorship, he raised a fund called FA Technology Ventures where
he was Managing Partner for twenty years. FA Technology Ventures was typically the lead investor in early stage technology companies
and took an active role in helping guide their investment's management through a Board of Directors position. FA Technology Ventures'
performance was in the top quartile of its peer group nationally. FA Technology Ventures was a lead investor in a number of iconoclastic
companies such as iRobot, eInk, Softricity, BinOptics, CreditSights and A123 Systems. Ken currently is a Managing Partner of QKA
Ventures, the successor partnership of FA Technology Ventures. Mr. Mabbs was selected as a director because of his senior executive officer
and board service experience.
Compensation of Officers, Directors, and Advisory Board Members
Our Board of Directors has the authority
to fix the compensation of all officers that it selects and may pay compensation to directors for services rendered to us in any other
capacity. A member of our Board of Directors who is also an employee of our Manager or our Sponsor is referred to as an employee director.
Employee directors will not receive compensation for serving on our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors has approved a compensation
program for our non-employee directors, as well as our Advisory Board members, which will take effect upon their appointment and will
consist of the annual retainer, fees and equity awards.
Under the program, each non-employee director
will be entitled to receive an annual retainer of $10,000. Each non-employee director will have the option to elect to receive up to $10,000
of the annual retainer in cash, with the remainder consisting of stock. Annual retainers will be paid in quarterly in arrears.
Each member of our Advisory Board will receive
an annual retainer of $10,000. Each member of the Advisory Board will have the option to elect to receive up to the entire $10,000 retainer
in cash, with the remainder, if any, consisting of stock. Annual retainers will be paid quarterly in arrears.
We will also reimburse each of our directors
and members of the Advisory Board for their travel expenses incurred in connection with their attendance at meetings, if any. We have
not made any payments to any of our directors to date.
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
We do not currently have any employees nor
do we currently intend to hire any employees who will be compensated directly by us. Each of the executive officers of our Manager also
serves as an executive officer and director of the Company. Each of these individuals receives compensation for his services, including
services performed for us on behalf of our Manager, from the Manager. As executive officers of our Manager, these individuals will serve
to manage our day-to-day affairs, oversee the review, selection and recommendation of investment opportunities, service acquired investments
and monitor the performance of these investments to ensure that they are consistent with our investment objectives. Although we will indirectly
bear the costs of the compensation paid to these individuals, through fees we pay to our Manager, we do not intend to pay any compensation
directly to these individuals.
Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other
Agents
For information concerning limitations of
liability and indemnification and advancement rights applicable to our directors and officers, see “Description of Capital Stock
and Certain Provisions of Maryland Law, Our Charter and Bylaws—Indemnification and Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’
Liability.”
Management Compensation
Our Manager and its affiliates will receive
fees and expense reimbursements for services relating to this offering and the investment and management of our assets. The items of compensation
are summarized in the following table. Neither our Manager nor its affiliates will receive any selling commissions or dealer manager fees
in connection with the offer and sale of shares of our common stock.
Form of
Compensation |
|
Determination of Amount |
|
Estimated Amount |
Organization and
Offering Expenses —
Manager |
|
Our Manager has paid and will continue to pay organization and offering expenses on our behalf. We have and will continue to reimburse our Manager for organizational and offering costs and expenses incurred on our behalf. We expect organization and offering expenses, including personnel costs, to be approximately $660,000. The organization and offering expenses will also include all marketing expenses incurred by our Manager in connection with this offering, including, without limitation, fees and travel expenses to attend retail seminars and customary lodging, meals and reasonable entertainment expenses associated therewith. These expense reimbursements to the Manager will be paid monthly in an amount not to exceed 2% of current fund assets at such time. |
|
We expect to incur approximately $660,000 in aggregate offering
expenses if we raise the maximum offering amount under this offering. |
Asset Management
Fee — Manager |
|
We pay our Manager a quarterly asset management fee equal to an annualized
rate of 0.75%, which will be based on our NAV at the end of each prior quarter. |
|
Actual amounts are dependent upon the offering proceeds we raise (and any leverage we employ) and the results of our operations; we cannot determine these amounts at the present time. |
Other Operating
Expenses — Manager |
|
We reimburse our Manager for out-of-pocket expenses paid to third parties in connection with providing services to us. In addition, we reimburse our Manager for our allocable portion of the salaries, benefits and overhead of personnel providing service to us. The Manager and/or one or more of its affiliates will also be reimbursed for customary acquisition expenses (including expenses related to potential transactions that are not closed), such as legal fees and expenses, costs of due diligence (including, without limitation, appraisals, surveys, engineering reports and environmental site assessments), travel and communications expenses, accounting fees and expenses and other closing costs and miscellaneous expenses related to the acquisition of real estate. |
|
Actual amounts are dependent upon the results of our operations; we cannot determine these amounts at the present time |
Participation in
Distributions —
Manager |
|
Our Manager will be issued an
equity interest equal to 5% of newly issued stock. For example, if we issue 100 shares of new common shares to an investor, our
Manager is entitled to receive and will be issued 5 shares of stock, subject to vesting restrictions. As
a result, at any time our stockholders benefit from dividends or capital appreciation our Manager will participate in 5% of that gain.
We feel this helps to align management’s interests with that of our stockholders. |
|
Actual amounts are dependent upon the results of our operations; we cannot determine these amounts at the present time |
Acquisition Fee – Manager or its Affiliates
We will pay our Manager, Sponsor, or an affiliate of our Manager
or Sponsor, an acquisition fee equal to 1.5% of the total value of any acquisition transaction, including any acquisition through merger
with another entity (but excluding any transactions in which our Sponsor, or an affiliate of our Manager or Sponsor, would otherwise receive
a development fee).
Actual amounts are dependent upon the results of our operations
and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time.
Construction Management Oversight Fee – Manager or
its Affiliates
Our Manager, Sponsor or an affiliate of our Manager or Sponsor,
will be paid a construction management oversight fee, to be paid by our individual Operating Partnerships, equal to 1.5% of the costs
of any construction, renovation or repair projects if a member of the Park View Group or its development affiliates are not acting as
the construction manager for a particular project.
Actual amounts are dependent upon the results of our operations
and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time.
Principal Stockholders
The following table sets forth the beneficial
ownership of shares of our common stock for (i) each person who is expected to be the beneficial owner of more than 10% of our outstanding
common stock or more than 10% of our outstanding common stock as of the date of this offering circular, (ii) each director and executive
officer of the Company, and (iii) the directors and executive officers of the Company as a group. To our knowledge, each person that beneficially
owns shares of our common stock has sole voting and disposition power with regard to such shares.
Unless otherwise indicated below, each person
or entity has an address in care of our principal executive offices at One Beacon Street, 32nd Floor, Boston, MA 02108.
| |
Common Stock | |
Name of Beneficial Owner(1) | |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | | |
Percentage of All Shares(3) | |
| |
| | |
| |
10 or more% Stockholders: | |
| | |
| | |
| |
Trevor J. Burton | |
| | | |
| 11,500 | | |
| 38.7 | % |
Jeane H. Crisman | |
| | | |
| 7,000 | | |
| 23.6 | % |
| |
| | | |
| 18,500 | | |
| 62.3 | % |
Executive Officers and Directors: | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
Michael F. Kelley (1)(2) | |
| | | |
| 800 | | |
| 2.7 | % |
Elizabeth Tyminski | |
| | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
All directors and executive officers as a group (2 persons) | |
| | | |
| 800 | | |
| 2.7 | % |
| (1) | Under SEC rules, a person is deemed to be a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person,
directly or indirectly, has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, such security,
and/or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose, or to direct the disposition of, such security. A person also
is deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities which that person has a right to acquire within 60 days. Under these rules, more
than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities
as to which he or she has no economic or pecuniary interest. |
| (2) | Michael Kelley has indirect control over the voting and disposition of the shares of our common stock
owned by Park View Investments, LLC and Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC. |
| (3) | Based on 29,683 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as
of the date of this offering circular. |
Conflicts of Interest
and Related Party Transactions
We are subject to various conflicts of interest arising out
of our relationship with our Manager, our Sponsor and their affiliates. We discuss these conflicts below and conclude this section with
a discussion of the corporate governance measures we have adopted to mitigate some of the risks posed by these conflicts.
Our Affiliates’ Interests in Other Park View Entities
General
The officers, directors and the key real
estate professionals of our Manager who perform services for us on behalf of our Manager are also officers, directors, managers, and/or
key professionals of our Sponsor. These persons have legal obligations with respect to those entities that are similar to their obligations
to us. In the future, these persons and other affiliates of our Sponsor may organize other real estate-related programs, including other
REITs, and acquire for their own account real estate-related investments that may be suitable for us.
The Company currently has not entered into
any transactions nor has any proposed transactions during the last two completed fiscal years and the current fiscal year to which the
Company or any of its subsidiaries and an officer, director, securityholder or promoter was or is to be a participant.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
We rely on our Sponsor’s executive
officers and key real estate professionals who act on behalf of our Manager to identify suitable investments. Our Sponsor in the future
expects to establish and sponsor additional real estate funds, as well as other potential investment vehicles. Any future investment vehicles
may have investment criteria similar to ours. If a sale, investment or other business opportunity would be suitable for more than one
investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor, our Manager will allocate it according to the policies and procedures adopted by our Manager.
Any allocation of this type may involve the consideration of a number of factors that our Manager’s investment committee may determine
to be relevant. The factors that our Manager real estate professionals could consider when determining the particular investment vehicle
for which an investment opportunity would be the most suitable include the following:
| · | the investment objectives and criteria of our Sponsor’s various investment vehicles; |
| · | the cash requirements of our Sponsor’s various investment vehicles; |
| · | the effect of the investment on the diversification of the portfolios of our Sponsor’s various investment
vehicles by type of investment, and risk of investment; |
| · | the policy of our Sponsor’s various investment vehicles relating to leverage; |
| · | the anticipated cash flow of the asset to be acquired; |
| · | the income tax effects of the purchase on our Sponsor’s various investment vehicles; |
| · | the size of the investment; and |
| · | the amount of funds available to our Sponsor’s various investment vehicles. |
If a subsequent event or development causes
any investment, in the opinion of our Manager’s real estate professionals, to be more appropriate for another investment vehicle
sponsored by our Sponsor, they may offer the investment to such investment vehicle.
Except under any policies that may be adopted
by our Manager, which policies will be designed to minimize conflicts among the affiliates of our Sponsor, no investment vehicle sponsored
by our Sponsor will have any duty, responsibility or obligation to refrain from:
| · | engaging in the same or similar activities or lines of business as any other investment vehicle sponsored
by our Sponsor; |
| · | doing business with any potential or actual tenant, lender, purchaser, supplier, customer or competitor
of any other investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor; |
| · | engaging in, or refraining from, any other activities whatsoever relating to any of the potential or actual
tenants, lenders, purchasers, suppliers or customers of any other investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor; |
| · | establishing material commercial relationships with another investment vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor;
or |
| · | making operational and financial decisions that could be considered to be detrimental to another investment
vehicle sponsored by our Sponsor. |
In addition, any decisions by our Manager
to renew, extend, modify or terminate an agreement or arrangement, or enter into similar agreements or arrangements in the future, may
benefit one entity of our Sponsor more than another entity of our Sponsor or limit or impair the ability of any entity of our Sponsor
to pursue business opportunities. In addition, third parties may require as a condition to their arrangements or agreements with or related
to any one particular entity of our Sponsor that such arrangements or agreements include or not include another entity of our Sponsor,
as the case may be. Any of these decisions may benefit one entity of our Sponsor more than another entity of our Sponsor.
Allocation of Our Affiliates’ Time
We rely on our Sponsor’s key professionals
who act on behalf of our Manager, Michael Kelley and Elizabeth Tyminski, for the day-to-day operation of our business. Michael Kelley
and Elizabeth Tyminski are also executive officers and/or members of our Sponsor and its affiliates. As a result of their interests in
other affiliates of our Sponsor, their obligations to other investors and the fact that they engage in and will continue to engage in
other business activities on behalf of themselves and others, Michael Kelley and Elizabeth Tyminski will face conflicts of interest in
allocating their time among us, our Manager and other affiliates of our Sponsor and other business activities in which they are involved.
However, we believe that our Manager and its affiliates have sufficient real estate professionals to fully discharge their responsibilities
to the affiliates of our Sponsor for which they work.
Receipt of Fees and Other Compensation by our Manager and
its Affiliates
Our Manager and its affiliates will receive
an asset management fee from us, which fee has not been negotiated at arm’s length with an unaffiliated third party. This fee could
influence our Manager’s advice to us as well as the judgment of affiliates of our Manager, some of whom also serve as our Manager’s
officers and directors and the key executives of our Sponsor. Among other matters, these compensation arrangements could affect their
judgment with respect to:
| · | the continuation, renewal or enforcement of provisions in our management agreement involving our Manager
and its affiliates, or the support agreement between our Manager and our Sponsor; |
| · | public offerings of equity by us, which will likely entitle our Manager to an increase in the asset management
fee; |
| · | acquisitions of investments from other Sponsor entities, which might entitle our Manager, affiliates or
Sponsor to profit participations or to fees in connection with services for the seller; |
| · | whether and when we seek to list shares of our common stock on a stock exchange or other trading market; |
| · | whether we seek stockholder approval to internalize our management, which may entail acquiring assets
(such as office space, furnishings and technology costs) and the key real estate professionals of our Sponsor who are performing services
for us on behalf of our Manager for consideration that would be negotiated at that time and may result in these real estate professionals
receiving more compensation from us than they currently receive from our Sponsor; |
| · | whether and when we seek to sell the company or its assets; and |
| · | whether and when we merge or consolidate our assets with other companies, including companies affiliated
with our Manager. |
No Independent Underwriter
As we are currently conducting this offering
without the aid of an independent underwriter, you will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation
of the type normally performed by an independent underwriter in connection with the offering of securities. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Certain Conflict Resolution Measures
If our Sponsor, our Manager or their affiliates
have a conflict of interest with us that is not otherwise covered by an existing policy we have adopted, our Board of Directors will review
and approve such affiliate transactions. Affiliate transactions are defined as transactions between our Sponsor, our Manager or their
affiliates, on the one hand, and us or one of our subsidiaries, on the other hand. Our Manager is only authorized to execute affiliate
transactions with the prior approval of the Board of Directors and in accordance with applicable law. Such prior approval may include
but not be limited to pricing methodology for the acquisition of assets and/or liabilities for which there are no readily observable market
prices. At such time that we have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon conflicts of interest matters,
including transactions between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
Our Policies Relating to Conflicts of Interest
In addition to our Manager’s investment
allocation policies described above, we have adopted the following policies prohibiting us from entering into certain types of transactions
with respect to future investments with our Manager, our Sponsor, their officers or any of their affiliates in order to further reduce
the potential for conflicts inherent in transactions with affiliates.
Pursuant to these conflicts of interest
policies, we may not engage in the following types of transactions unless such transaction is approved by the Board of Directors:
| · | sell or lease any investments to our Manager, our Sponsor, their officers or any of their affiliates;
or |
| · | acquire or lease any investments from our Manager, our Sponsor, their officers or any of their affiliates. |
In addition, pursuant to these conflicts
of interest policies, we will neither make any loans to our Manager, our Sponsor, their officers or any of their affiliates nor borrow
money from our Manager, our Sponsor, their officers or any of their affiliates, except as otherwise provided in the offering circular
or unless approved by the Board of Directors. These restrictions on loans will only apply to advances of cash that are commonly viewed
as loans, as determined by the Manager. By way of example only, the prohibition on loans would not restrict advances of cash for legal
expenses or other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought nor would the prohibition limit
our ability to advance reimbursable expenses incurred by our Manager, our Sponsor, their officers or any of their affiliates. Notwithstanding
the above, from time to time we may borrow from our Sponsor at a market rate approved by the Board of Directors. At such time that we
have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon conflicts of interest matters, including transactions between
us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
These conflicts of interest policies may
be amended at any time in our Manager’s discretion, with the approval of our Board of Directors.
Liability and Indemnification of our Sponsor
We will enter into an indemnification agreement
with our Sponsor pursuant to which our Sponsor will not assume any responsibility for any action of our Board of Directors in following
or declining to follow the advice or recommendations of our Manager. However, to the extent that employees of our Sponsor also serve as
our officers or directors, such officers and directors will owe us duties under Maryland law in their capacity as officers and directors,
which may include the duty to exercise reasonable care in the performance of such officers’ or directors’ responsibilities,
as well as the duties of loyalty, good faith and candid disclosure. Under the terms of the indemnification agreement, our Sponsor and
its affiliates, and any of their members, stockholders, managers, partners, personnel, officers, directors, employees, consultants and
any person providing sub-advisory services to our Sponsor, will not be liable to us, our directors, stockholders, partners or members
for any acts or omissions (including errors that may result from ordinary negligence, such as errors in the investment decision-making
process or in the trade process) performed in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except by reason of acts or omissions
constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties under the management agreement, as
determined by a final non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. We have agreed to indemnify our Sponsor, its affiliates
and any of their officers, stockholders, members, partners, managers, directors, personnel, employees, consultants and any person providing
sub-advisory services to our Manager with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from
acts of our Manager not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties, arising from acts
or omissions performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement.
Related Party Loans and Warehousing of Assets
If we have sufficient funds to acquire only
a portion of a real estate investment then, in order to cover the shortfall, we may obtain a related party loan from our Sponsor or its
affiliates. Each related party loan will be an obligation of ours, that is payable solely to the extent that such related party loan remains
outstanding. As we sell additional shares of common stock in this offering, we will use the proceeds of such sales to pay down the principal
and interest of the related party loan, reducing the payment obligation of the related party loan, and our obligation to the holder of
the related party loan. We may also utilize related party loans, from time to time, as a form of leverage to acquire real estate assets.
From time to time we may borrow from our Sponsor at a market rate approved by the Board of Directors. At such time that we have independent
members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon conflicts of interest matters, including transactions between us and our Manager.
For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
As an alternative means of acquiring investments
for which we do not yet have sufficient funds, our Sponsor or its affiliates may close and fund a real estate investment prior to it being
acquired by us. This ability to warehouse investments allows us the flexibility to deploy our offering proceeds as funds are raised. We
may then acquire such investment at a price equal to the fair market value of such investment, provided that its fair market value is
materially equal to its cost (i.e., the aggregate equity capital invested by our Sponsor or its affiliates in connection with the
acquisition and during the warehousing of such investments, plus assumption of debt and any costs, such as accrued property management
fees and transfer taxes, incurred during or as a result of the warehousing or, with respect to debt, the principal balance plus accrued
interest net of any applicable servicing fees).
Investment Objectives
and Strategy
Investment Objectives
Our primary investment objectives are:
| · | to preserve, protect and return your capital contribution; |
| · | to invest in qualifying opportunity zone properties so our stockholders can take advantage of the tax
efficient benefits of a qualified opportunity fund; |
| · | to pay attractive and consistent cash distributions; |
| · | to grow net cash from operations so that an increasing amount of cash flow is available for distributions
to investors over the long term; and |
| · | to realize growth in the value of our investments in a tax efficient manner. |
To qualify for Qualified Opportunity Fund and REIT
tax treatment.
Investment Strategy
As a qualified opportunity
zone fund (QOF) we intend to invest at least 90% of our assets in qualified opportunity zone properties that we feel have significant
growth potential, which will help enable us to be classified as a “qualified opportunity fund.”
Our strategy favors properties
in regions experiencing growth drivers such as expanding urban centers, universities, medical facilities etc. Our investments are expected
to consist of properties for the construction and/or renovation of multifamily, student housing, senior living, healthcare, industrial,
self-storage, hospitality, mixed-use, data centers and solar projects located throughout the United States and its territories. We also
expect to execute on opportunities to develop, renovate or reposition properties, in keeping with the spirit of the opportunity zone legislation.
Our Manager will combine rigorous due diligence with value discipline in identifying potential investments. We may acquire a wide variety
of commercial properties, including but not limited to, multifamily, office, industrial, retail, hospitality, throughout the United States
and its territories. We may also enter multiple co-investment and sub advisory agreements to add geographic and project specific expertise.
We anticipate our future operations will also include the acquisition of real estate-related assets, including debt and equity securities
issued by other real estate companies, with the goal of increasing distributions and/or capital appreciation.
We cannot assure you that
we will attain these objectives or that the value of our assets will not decrease. Furthermore, within our investment objectives and policies,
our Manager will have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments and the purchase and sale of our assets.
Our Manager’s investment committee will periodically review our investment guidelines to determine whether our investment guidelines
continue to be in the best interests of our stockholders. There is no prohibition in our charter on the amount or percentage of our assets
that may be invested in a single property. Initially, we expect to have a limited number of properties and up to 100% of our assets may
be invested in a single property.
In executing on our business strategy, we
believe that we will benefit from our Manager’s affiliation with our Sponsor given the extensive investment experience brought by
our Sponsor’s executives and advisors. These competitive advantages include:
| · | Our Sponsor’s relationships with financial institutions, lenders and other real estate-related products
and that finance the types of assets we intend to acquire; |
| · | Our Sponsor’s acquisition experience, which includes seeking, underwriting and evaluating real estate
deals in multifamily and mixed-use properties in various locations throughout the United States and in a variety of market conditions;
and |
| · | Our Sponsor’s asset management experience, which includes actively monitoring each investment through
critical property management, leasing and renovation activities. |
Investment Decisions and Asset Management
Within our investment policies and objectives,
our Manager’s investment committee will have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments and the
purchase and sale of our assets. We believe that successful real estate investment requires the implementation of strategies that permit
favorable purchases and originations, effective asset management and timely disposition of those assets. As such, we have developed a
disciplined investment approach that combines the experience of its team of real estate professionals with a structure that emphasizes
thorough market research, stringent underwriting standards and an extensive down-side analysis of the risks of each investment. The approach
also includes active and aggressive management of each asset acquired.
We believe that active management is critical
to creating value. We will continually re-evaluate the exit strategy of each asset in response to the performance of the individual asset,
market conditions and our overall portfolio objectives to determine the optimal time to sell or refinance the asset.
To execute our disciplined investment approach,
a team of our real estate professionals take responsibility for the business plan of each investment. The following practices summarize
our investment approach:
| · | Market Research – The investment team completes exhaustive market diligence on demographics,
employment drivers, competing properties, and capital market activity. |
| · | Physical Research – The investment team engages third party property condition, environmental,
zoning and code compliance, and building systems assessments to identify prospective investment deferred maintenance items and to validate
capital requirement assumptions. |
| · | Underwriting Discipline – We follow a tightly controlled and managed process to examine all
elements of a potential investment, including, with respect to real property, its location, income- producing capacity, prospects for
appreciation, potential for principal loss, tax considerations and liquidity. Only those assets meeting our investment criteria will be
accepted for inclusion in our portfolio. In an effort to keep an asset in compliance with those standards, the underwriting team remains
involved through the investment life cycle of the asset and consults with the other internal professionals responsible for the asset. |
| · | Asset Management – Prior to the purchase of an individual asset or portfolio, the Manager’s
acquisition team works in tandem with the asset management team to develop an asset business strategy. This is a forecast of the action
items to be taken and the capital needed to implement the contemplated business plan in an attempt to achieve the anticipated returns.
We review asset business strategies regularly to anticipate changes or opportunities in the market during a given phase of a real estate
cycle. We have designed this process to allow for realistic yet aggressive enhancement of value throughout the investment period. |
Opportunity and Market Overview
Our Company’s investment structure,
the “Opportunity Zone REIT,” offers what we believe is a highly tax efficient vehicle for investors with a long term investment
horizon and capital gain eligible for “qualified opportunity fund” (QOF) benefits.
We believe that we will be able to provide
our stockholders with compelling investment performance on a risk-adjusted basis through (1) the application of our rigorous investment
and underwriting standards, (2) the eventual geographic and asset class diversification of our investments and (3) the expected tax benefits
from an investment in the Company. We will focus on the development and renovation of our qualified opportunity zone investments in opportunity
zones that have completed, or are engaged in, the revitalization process or have other growth drivers.
Park View expects that it
will be able to manage the risk associated with developing or renovating and managing its investments better than many other real estate
companies due to the financial markets experience of its sponsor and the real estate and investment management experience of its directors
and advisors.
It is important to note that
real estate markets are often unpredictable and subject to change over time. As a result, changes may occur that will require us to modify
our investment strategy to identify and acquire assets providing attractive risk-adjusted returns.
Targeted Investments
Prior to acquiring an asset, our Manager’s
investment committee will perform an individual analysis of the asset to determine whether it meets our investment guidelines. Our Manager’s
investment committee will use the information derived from the analysis in determining whether the asset is an appropriate investment
for us.
We intend to concentrate our early operations
on the identification, acquisition and development or redevelopment of properties located within “qualified opportunity zones.”
At least 90% of our assets will initially consist of qualified opportunity zone investments, which will enable us to be classified as
a “qualified opportunity fund.” Because we will be a qualified opportunity fund, certain investors in our company will be
eligible for favorable capital gains tax treatment on their investments. Our initial investments are expected to consist of properties
for the construction and/or renovation of multifamily, student housing, senior living, healthcare, industrial, self-storage, hospitality,
mixed-use, data centers and solar projects located throughout the United States and its territories.
We anticipate our future operations will
include the acquisition and development or redevelopment of a wide range of commercial properties located throughout the United States,
as well as the acquisition of real estate-related assets, including debt and equity securities issued by other real estate companies,
with the goal of increasing distributions and/or capital appreciation. As of the date of this offering circular, we have not identified
any particular asset to acquire.
Each of our assets will have either affiliates
of our Sponsor or Manager, or their respective affiliates, or an independent third party, or any combination of the foregoing, as the
sponsor or co-sponsor, general partner or co-general partner, manager or co-manager of the investment, and our role, in general, will
be as a passive investor.
The divestiture of our assets will be based
on our assessment of future market conditions and the properties performance. Although we have no minimum holding period, in general,
we believe that holding our assets for the long term will enable us to capitalize on the potential for increased income and capital appreciation.
Tax rules applicable to REITs may also influence our hold periods for each investment.
Qualified Opportunity Zone
The opportunity zone is a new community
development program established by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 to encourage long-term investments in low-income urban
and rural communities nationwide. The opportunity zone program provides a tax incentive for investors to re-invest their unrealized capital
gains into qualified opportunity funds that are dedicated to investing in opportunity zones designated by the chief executives of every
state and territory of the United States.
To be certified as a qualified opportunity
zone, the designated census tract must have a poverty rate of at least 20% and be an area for which the median family income does not
exceed 80% of the statewide family income or, if located in a metropolitan area, does not exceed 80% of the metropolitan area median family
income. Certain census tracts contiguous with low income communities may also be designated as qualified opportunity zone if the median
family income of the census tract does not exceed 125% of the median family income of the low income community with which the census tract
is contiguous. As of the date of this offering circular, there were more than 8,700 qualified opportunity zones throughout the United
States.
In order to be a “qualified opportunity
fund,” at least 90% of the fund’s assets need to consist of “qualified opportunity zone property” (the “90%
Asset Test”). A qualified opportunity fund must determine whether it meets the 90% Asset Test on each of: (i) the last day of the
first six-month period of its taxable year, and (ii) the last day of its taxable year (each a “Semiannual Test Date”). Subject
to a one time six-month cure period, for each month following a Semiannual Test Date in which a qualified opportunity fund fails to meet
the 90% Asset Test, it will be required to pay a penalty equal to: (1) the excess of (a) the excess of 90% of the fund’s aggregate
assets over the aggregate amount of qualified opportunity zone property held by the fund, multiplied by (b) the short-term federal interest
rate plus 3%. However, notwithstanding a qualified opportunity fund’s failure to meet the 90% Asset Test, no penalty will be imposed
if the fund demonstrates that its failure is due to reasonable cause Taxpayers must make deferral elections on Form 8949 (Sales and Other
Dispositions of Capital Assets), which will need to be attached to their U.S. federal income tax returns for the taxable year in which
the capital gain would have been recognized had it not been deferred. In addition, on January 27, 2020, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service
(the “IRS”) released new Form, 8997 (Initial and Annual Statement of Qualified Opportunity Fund QOF Investments) which requires
eligible taxpayers holding a qualified opportunity fund investment at any point during the tax year to report: (i) qualified opportunity
fund investments holdings at the beginning and end of the tax year; (ii) current tax year capital gains deferred by investing in a qualified
opportunity fund; and (iii) qualified opportunity fund investments disposed of during the tax year.
Subsequent changes in the
tax laws or the adoption of new regulations, as well as early dispositions of shares of our common stock, could cause the loss of the
anticipated tax benefits. As a result, you are urged to consult with your tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of (1) purchasing,
owning or disposing of our common stock, including the federal, state and local tax consequences of investing capital gains in our shares,
(2) our election to be taxed as a REIT and our election to be organized as a qualified opportunity and (3) potential changes in the interpretation
of the existing tax laws or the adoption of new laws or regulations.
Investments in Real Property
In executing our investment strategy with
respect to investments in real property, we will seek to invest in assets that we believe will provide positive cash flow characteristics
and/or asset appreciation. To the extent feasible, we will seek to satisfy our investment objectives of achieving attractive cash yields
with the potential for capital appreciation. In making investment decisions for us, our Manager’s investment committee will consider
relevant real estate property and financial factors, including the location of the property, its income-producing capacity, the prospects
for long-term appreciation and its liquidity and income and REIT tax considerations.
We are not limited in the number or size
of properties we may acquire or the percentage of net proceeds of this offering that we may invest in a single property. The number and
mix of properties we acquire will depend upon real estate and market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time we acquire
our properties and the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering.
Our investment in real estate generally
will take the form of holding fee title. We may selectively acquire properties with co-investment partners. In addition, we may purchase
properties and lease them back to the sellers of such properties. Although we will use our best efforts to structure any such sale-leaseback
transaction such that the lease will be characterized as a “true lease” so that we will be treated as the owner of the property
for federal income tax purposes, the IRS could challenge such characterization. In the event that any such sale-leaseback transaction
is recharacterized as a financing transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating
to such property would be disallowed. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Requirements for Qualification—Sale-Leaseback
Transactions.”
We intend to invest in markets with favorable
risk-return characteristics. As a result, our actual investments may result in concentrations in a limited number of geographic regions.
We will make our investments in or in respect of real estate assets located throughout the United States and its territories.
Our obligation to purchase any property
generally will be conditioned upon the delivery and verification of certain documents:
| · | evidence of marketable title subject to such liens and encumbrances as are acceptable to our Manager;
and |
| · | title, property, liability, and other insurance policies. |
We will not purchase any property unless
and until we obtain what is generally referred to as a “Phase I” environmental site assessment and are generally satisfied
with the environmental status of the property. A Phase I environmental site assessment consists primarily of a visual survey of the building
and the property in an attempt to identify areas of potential environmental concerns, visually observing neighboring properties to assess
surface conditions or activities that may have an adverse environmental impact on the property, surveying of the ownership history, and
contacting local governmental agency personnel and performing a regulatory agency file search in an attempt to determine any known environmental
concerns in the immediate vicinity of the property. A Phase I environmental site assessment does not generally include any sampling or
testing of soil, groundwater or building materials from the property.
Generally, sellers engage and pay third
party brokers or finders in connection with the sale of an asset. Although we do not expect to do so on a regular basis, we may from time
to time compensate third party brokers or finders in connection with our acquisitions.
In determining whether to purchase a particular
property, we may, in accordance with customary practices, obtain an option on such property. The amount paid for an option, if any, is
normally surrendered if the property is not purchased and is normally credited against the purchase price if the property is purchased.
In purchasing properties, we will be subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate.
Multifamily
and Mixed-Use Rental Properties. We expect that a majority of our initial qualified opportunity zone investments will be
multifamily and mixed-use property developments. We define development projects to include a range of activities from major renovation
and lease-up of existing buildings to ground up construction. In each case, these multifamily and development communities will meet our
investment objectives and may include conventional multifamily rental properties, such as mid-rise, high-rise, and garden-style properties,
as well as student housing and age-restricted properties (typically requiring at least one resident of each unit to be 55 or older). Specifically,
we may acquire multifamily assets that may benefit from enhancement or repositioning and development assets. We may purchase any type
of residential property, including properties that require capital improvement or lease-up to enhance stockholder returns. Location, condition,
design and amenities are key characteristics for apartment communities. We will initially focus on investments in qualified opportunity
zones throughout the United States and its territories, and may invest in other markets and submarkets that are deemed likely to benefit
from ongoing population shifts and/or that are poised for high growth potential.
The terms and conditions of any apartment
lease that we enter into with our residents may vary substantially; however, we expect that a majority of our leases will be standardized
leases customarily used between landlords and residents for the specific type and use of the property in the geographic area where the
property is located. In the case of apartment communities, such standardized leases generally have terms of one year.
Co-investment Investments.
Our Operating Partnerships will acquire properties on our behalf. We will frequently acquire the entire equity ownership interest in properties
and exercise control over those properties. However, we may also enter into co-investments, partnerships, or other co-ownership arrangements
with parties related to Park View third parties, for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties for the purpose of further
diversifying our portfolio of assets. We may also enter into co-investments, partnerships, co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements
or participations with real estate developers, owners and other third parties for the purpose of developing, owning and operating real
properties.
A co-investment creates an alignment of
interest of capital provided by the Company, for the benefit of our stockholders, by leveraging our Sponsor’s relationship with
third-parties having significant acquisition, development and management expertise in order to achieve the following four primary objectives:
(1) increase the return on our invested capital; (2) diversify our access to investment opportunities; (3) “leverage” our
invested capital to promote our brand and increase market share; and (4) obtain the participation of sophisticated partners in our real
estate decisions. In determining whether to invest in a particular co-investment, our Manager’s investment committee will evaluate
the real property that such co-investment owns or is being formed to own under the same criteria described elsewhere in this offering
circular for our selection of real property investments.
The Company anticipates that substantially
all of its co-investment investments will be structured in one of the following formats:
(1) The Operating Partnership will partner
with local developers who will act as the developer for multiple co-investment projects with our Operating Partnerships, within specific
regions of the United States. These Park View co-investment partnerships will enable the Company to increase its presence and expertise
in multiple regions throughout the United States without having to incur the costs associated with opening offices in each region where
new investment properties are located.
(2) The Operating Partnership will enter
into co-investments with experienced local developers to co-invest and co-develop projects on a deal-by-deal basis, where the Operating
Partnership will act as a general partner or managing member for the co-investment.
Joint Venture and Other Co-Ownership
Arrangements – All of our assets are and will continue to be held by, and all of our operations are and will continue
to be conducted through one or more operating companies (each an “Operating Company” and together the “Operating Companies”),
either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries. To further diversify our investment portfolio, we also intend to enter into joint
ventures, partnerships, co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements or participations with related parties as well as independent
developers and owners.
We anticipate acquiring an interest in properties
where an affiliate of our sponsor or manager or its affiliates (collectively the “Park View Group”) will act as general partner
or co-general partner, manager or co-manager, developer or co-developer, or any of the foregoing, however, we do not anticipate members
of the Park View Group making cash investments in all or any of our joint venture investments. Entering into joint ventures with a member
of the Park View Group, or any other affiliate of our Sponsor or Manager, would align our interests with the interests of our co-general
partner, co-manager or co-developer for the benefit of our stockholders by leveraging of our capital resources and our co-general partner’s,
co-manager’s or co-developer’s extensive industry relationships and significant acquisition, development and management expertise
to: (i) achieve potentially greater returns on our invested capital; (ii) diversify our access to investment opportunities; and (iii)
promote our brand and potentially increase our market share. In determining whether to participate in a particular joint venture, our
Manager’s investment committee will evaluate the property that such joint venture holds or is being formed to acquire using the
same investment criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus.
We currently anticipate that substantially all of our joint venture
investments will be structured in one of the following formats:
| · | A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, co-general partner, manager, co-manager
or as managing member of a joint venture in which our Operating Companies, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, will participate
as limited partners or non-managing members, to acquire stabilized, cash flow generating real estate assets that do not require renovation
or development, real estate-related assets, including commercial real estate loans and mortgages, and debt and equity securities issued
by other real estate companies, select private equity investments, and opportunistic acquisitions of other qualified opportunity funds
and qualified opportunity zone businesses. |
| · | A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of a joint
venture in which our Operating Companies, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, will participate as limited partners or non-managing
members, and a member of the Park View Group will act as the developer of the projects owned by the joint venture. |
| · | A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of joint ventures
in which subsidiaries of our Operating Companies will participate as limited partners or non-managing members. A member of the Park View
Group will partner with local developers to create satellite offices, which will act as the developer for multiple joint venture projects
with our Operating Companies, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, within specific regions of the United States and its territories.
These satellite offices will enable us to increase our presence and expertise in multiple regions without having to incur the costs and
expenses associated with opening offices in each region where new investment properties are located. |
| · | Our Manager or a member of the Park View Group will set up exclusive programmatic joint ventures with
experienced regional developers to co-invest and co-develop in one or more projects within specific regions of the United States and its
territories. A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager or managing member of the programmatic joint ventures
with subsidiaries of our Operating Companies participating as limited partners or non-managing members. These programmatic joint ventures
will enable us to increase our presence and expertise in multiple regions without having to incur the costs and expenses associated with
opening offices in each region where new investment properties are located. |
| · | Our Manager or a member of the Park View Group will enter into joint ventures with experienced local developers
to co-invest and co-develop projects on a deal-by-deal basis. A member of the Park View Group will act as the general partner, manager
or managing member of the joint ventures with subsidiaries of our Operating Companies participating as limited partners or non-managing
members. A member of the Park View Group will act as the co-developer of projects with the joint venture partners and developers. |
| · | Our Manager or a member of the Park View Group will enter into joint ventures with independent third-party
experienced local developers to co-invest and co-develop on our behalf. The joint venture partners and developers will typically act as
the general partner or managing member for the joint ventures with subsidiaries of our Operating Companies participating as the limited
partners or non-managing members. |
Under these joint venture arrangements,
members of the Park View Group, their development affiliates and co-development partners will be entitled to receive the following fees,
as applicable, at the project level: (i) a development fee equal to 4.75% of total project costs, of which up to 50% shall be paid up
front at the property acquisition closing, with the exception of development fees for affordable housing which are typically set by government,
quasi-government agencies or lenders; (ii) a construction management fee equal to: (a) 9% of project hard costs up to $10,000,000; (b)
8% of project hard costs from $10,000,001 to $20,000,000; (c) 7% of project hard costs from $20,000,001 to $30,000,000; (d) 6% of project
hard costs from $30,000,001 to $40,000,000; (e) 5% of project hard costs from $40,000,001 to $50,000,000; and (f) 4% of project hard costs
in excess of $50,000,000; (iii) a construction management oversight fee equal to 1.5% of the costs of any construction, renovation or
repair projects if a member of the Park View Group or its development affiliates are not acting as the construction manager for a particular
project (members of the Park View Group or their development affiliates may elect to employ personnel to oversee the construction, renovation
or repair projects, and the fees and expenses incurred in connection with employing such personnel will be in addition to the construction
management oversight fee and the sole expense of the applicable joint venture). In addition, our Sponsor, its affiliates or members of
the Park View Group will be reimbursed by the joint ventures for fees and expenses, such as employee compensation, overhead expenses and
other fees and expenses incurred in connection with organization and operation of the joint ventures.
In addition to directly investing in joint
ventures, we may also guarantee construction performance or repayment of indebtedness by the joint ventures that we invest in. Members
of the Park View Group will have the right, but not the obligation, to invest funds in any joint venture, provided that any distribution
made to a member of the Park View Group in respect of its capital contribution will be distributed 100% to such member of Park View Group
and will not be subject to the distribution allocations described in the preceding paragraph.
Any material terms not otherwise disclosed
in this prospectus, including any increase in the fees, will require approval of either the Independent Committee or the board of directors.
Insurance
We plan to purchase insurance policies covering
our joint ventures, partnerships, co-tenancies and other co-ownership arrangements or participations, as well as their general partners,
co-general partners, managers, co-managers, developers, co-developers, construction managers, property managers, our Sponsor, our Manager
or any of the foregoing or their respective affiliates. We plan to purchase deal level insurance policies for individual investments or
blanket policies covering multiple investments and participants and their respective affiliates. We plan to directly pay for any such
policies or allocate premiums to or among our investments and their participants and respective affiliates on an estimated basis.
Lack of Allocation Requirements
Nothing in our charter, organizational documents
or otherwise provides for restrictions or limitations on the percentage of our investments that must be (i) in a given geographic area,
(ii) of a particular type of real estate, or (iii) acquired utilizing a particular method of financing. Our Board of Directors may change
our targeted investments and investment guidelines without specific restrictions or limitations related to geographic location, diversification,
or otherwise. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to an Investment in our Company.”
Investment Process
Our Manager has the authority to make all
the decisions regarding our investments consistent with the investment guidelines and borrowing policies approved by our Manager’s
investment committee and subject to the direction and oversight of our Manager’s investment committee. Our Manager’s investment
committee must approve all investments. We will not, however, purchase or lease assets in which our Manager, any of our officers or any
of their affiliates has an interest without a determination by the Board of Directors that the terms of such transaction, including price,
are fair and reasonable to us. In the event that two or more members of the investment committee are interested parties in a transaction,
the Board of Directors will consider and vote upon the approval of the transaction. Our Manager’s investment committee will periodically
review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio. Changes to our investment guidelines must be approved by our Manager’s
investment committee. At such time that we have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon conflicts of interest
matters, including transactions between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
Our Manager will focus on the sourcing,
acquisition and management of commercial real estate. In selecting investments for us, our Manager will utilize our Sponsor’s established
investment and underwriting process, which focuses on ensuring that each prospective investment is being evaluated appropriately. The
criteria that our Manager will consider when evaluating prospective investment opportunities include:
| · | real estate market factors that may influence real estate valuations; |
| · | fundamental analysis of the real estate, including tenant rosters, lease terms, zoning, operating costs
and the asset’s overall competitive position in its market; |
| · | real estate and leasing market conditions affecting the real estate; |
| · | the cash flow in place and projected to be in place over the expected hold period of the real estate; |
| · | the appropriateness of estimated costs and timing associated with capital improvements of the real estate; |
| · | review of third-party reports, including property condition, title, zoning and environmental reports; |
| · | physical inspections of the real estate and analysis of markets; and |
| · | the overall structure of the investment and rights in the transaction documentation. |
If a potential investment meets our Manager’s
underwriting criteria, our Manager will review the proposed transaction structure, including, with respect to co-investments, governance
and control rights, buy-sell provisions and recourse provisions. Our Manager will evaluate our position and our rights in relation to
potential co-investment partners. Our Manager will analyze each potential investment’s risk-return profile and review financing
sources, if applicable, to ensure that the investment fits within the parameters of financing facilities and to ensure performance of
the real estate asset.
Borrowing Policy
We believe that our Sponsor’s ability
to obtain both competitive financings and its relationships with top tier financial institutions should allow our Manager to successfully
employ competitively-priced, moderate levels of borrowing in order to enhance our returns.
We intend to employ leverage
in order to provide more funds available for investment. We believe that prudent use of conservatively structured leverage will help us
to achieve our diversification goals and potentially enhance the returns on our investments. We expect that, once we have fully invested
the proceeds of this offering and acquired a substantial portfolio of stabilized properties, our aggregate debt financing, for market
rate assets on a property-level basis, excluding any debt at the REIT level or on assets under development or renovation, will be between
50-70% of the greater of the cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) or fair market value of our assets. Additionally,
certain affordable housing programs provide government (or private) funding and assistance which can reduce the equity investment required
and increase our leverage ratio. During the period when we are acquiring, constructing and/or renovating our investments, we may employ
greater leverage on individual assets. Our Manager may from time to time modify our leverage policy in its discretion.
Operating Policies
Interest Rate Risk Management / Hedging
Activities. We may engage in hedging transactions to protect our investment portfolio and variable rate leverage from interest
rate fluctuations and other changes in market conditions. These transactions may include interest rate swaps, the purchase or sale of
interest rate collars, caps or floors, options, mortgage derivatives and other hedging instruments. These instruments may be used to hedge
as much of the interest rate risk as we determine is in the best interest of our stockholders, given the cost of such hedges and the need
to maintain our qualification as a REIT. We may from time to time enter into interest rate swap agreements to offset the potential adverse
effects of rising interest rates under certain short-term repurchase agreements. We may elect to bear a level of interest rate risk that
could otherwise be hedged when our Manager believes, based on all relevant facts, that bearing such risk is advisable or economically
unavoidable.
Equity Capital Policies. Our
charter authorizes us to issue 10,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which 9,000,000 shares are designated as common stock and 1,000,000
shares are designated as preferred stock. As of the date of this offering circular, we have issued 100 shares of common stock to our Sponsor.
We will issue up to 750,000 shares of our common stock in this offering. Our Board of Directors may increase the number of authorized
shares of capital stock without stockholder approval. After your purchase in this offering, our Board of Directors may elect to (i) sell
additional shares in this or future offerings; (ii) issue equity interests in private offerings; or (iii) otherwise issue additional shares
of our capital stock. To the extent we issue additional equity interests after your purchase in this offering your percentage ownership
interest in us would be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings, the use of the proceeds
and the value of our real estate investments, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of your shares and in
the earnings and dividends per share.
Disposition Policies
Ideally we want to buy and hold our property
acquisitions for the long-term. However, if an investment reaches what we believe to be its optimum value we will consider disposing of
the investment and may do so for the purpose of either distributing the net sale proceeds to our stockholders or investing the proceeds
in other assets that we believe may produce a higher overall future return to our stockholders.
The determination of when a particular investment
should be sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration of relevant factors, including prevailing and projected economic
conditions, whether the value of the property or other investment is anticipated to decline substantially, whether we could apply the
proceeds from the sale of the asset to make other investments consistent with our investment objectives, whether disposition of the asset
would allow us to increase cash flow, and whether the sale of the asset would constitute a prohibited transaction under the Code or would
impact our status as a REIT. Our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following its acquisition is restricted to
a substantial extent as a result of our REIT status. Under applicable provisions of the Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs,
a REIT that sells a property other than foreclosure property that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale in the
ordinary course of business is deemed a “dealer” with respect to any such property and is subject to a 100% penalty tax on
the net income from any such transaction unless the sale qualifies for a statutory safe harbor from application of the 100% tax.
As a result, our Manager will attempt to
structure any disposition of our properties with respect to which our Manager believes we could be viewed as a dealer in a manner to avoid
this penalty tax through reliance on the safe harbor available under the Code or through the use of a TRS. See “U.S. Federal Income
Tax Considerations—Taxation of Our Company.” Alternatively, the risk of incurring the 100% tax may require the Manager to
forgo an otherwise attractive selling opportunity. When we determine to sell a particular property or other investment, we will seek to
achieve a selling price that maximizes the capital appreciation for investors based on then-current market conditions. We cannot assure
you that this objective will be realized. The selling price of a property will be determined in large part by the amount of rent payable
by the tenants. The terms of payment will be affected by custom in the area in which the property being sold is located and the then prevailing
economic conditions.
Market conditions, our status as a REIT,
QOF and other factors could cause us to delay the commencement of our liquidation or other liquidity event. Even after we decide to liquidate,
we are under no obligation to conclude our liquidation within a set time because the timing of the sale of our assets will depend on real
estate and financial markets, economic conditions of the areas in which the properties are located and federal income tax effects on stockholders
that may prevail in the future, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to liquidate our assets. After commencing a liquidation,
we would continue in existence until all properties are sold and our other assets are liquidated. In general, the federal income tax rules
applicable to REITs will require us to complete our liquidation within 24 months following our adoption of a plan of liquidation. Compliance
with this 24-month requirement could require us to sell assets at unattractive prices, distribute unsold assets to a “liquidating
trust” with potentially unfavorable tax consequences for our stockholders, or terminate our status as a REIT.
Plan of Operation
General
We were formed as a Maryland corporation
to invest in and manage a portfolio of commercial real estate properties. We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from
this offering to acquire a portfolio of qualified opportunity zone investments with a focus on markets where we feel that the risk-return
characteristics are favorable. We may also invest, to a limited extent, in other real estate-related assets. We plan to diversify our
portfolio by investment risk with the goal of attaining a portfolio of real estate assets that provide current income and/or the potential
for appreciation in value.
Our Manager will manage our day-to-day operations
and our portfolio of investments. Our Manager also has the authority to make all of the decisions regarding our investments, subject to
the direction and oversight of our Manager’s investment committee. Our Manager will also provide asset management, marketing, investor
relations and other administrative services on our behalf.
The Company intends to conduct its operations
such that it is treated as a Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF) within the meaning of Subchapter Z of the Code, although no assurances can
be provided in this regard. As a QOF we will concentrate on the identification, acquisition and development or redevelopment of properties
located within “qualified opportunity zones.” At least 90% of our assets will consist of qualified opportunity zone property,
which is required of us to be a “qualified opportunity fund.”
We also intend to make an election to be
taxed as a REIT under the Code on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors such as the timing
of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain
our status as a qualified opportunity fund. If we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we generally will not be subject
to U.S. federal income tax to the extent we distribute dividends to our stockholders. We will own most of our assets and conduct all of
our business through our Operating Partnerships, which was formed in June 2022, either directly or through its subsidiaries. Park View
Investments LLC serves as the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership and our percentage of ownership interest will increase
or decrease in connection with the number of shares of our common stock that we sell. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year
after electing REIT status, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates
and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes for four years following the
year in which our qualification is denied. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and cash available for distribution.
However, we believe that we will be organized and will operate in a manner that will enable us to qualify for treatment as a REIT for
U.S. federal income tax purposes on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors such as the timing
of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain
our status as a qualified opportunity fund, and we intend to continue to operate so as to remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal
income tax purposes thereafter. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for additional details regarding the various
requirements that we must satisfy in order to qualify as a REIT and maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund.
Competition
In acquiring our properties,
we compete with public commercial property sector REITs, income oriented non-traded REITs, private real estate fund managers, Qualified
Opportunity Funds and local real estate investors and developers. Many of these entities have greater resources than us or other competitive
advantages. We also face significant competition in leasing available properties to prospective tenants and in re-leasing space to existing
tenants.
Additionally, our net income
depends, in large part, on our ability to source, acquire and manage investments with attractive risk-adjusted yields. We compete with
many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including individuals, corporations, insurance company investment accounts,
other REITs, other QOFs, private real estate funds, and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have
greater financial resources and lower costs of capital available to them than we have. In addition, there are numerous REITs with asset
acquisition objectives similar to ours, and others may be organized in the future, which may increase competition for the investments
suitable for us. Competitive variables include market presence and visibility, amount of capital to be invested per investment and underwriting
standards. To the extent that a competitor is willing to risk larger amounts of capital in a particular transaction or to employ more
liberal underwriting standards when evaluating potential investments than we are, our investment volume and profit margins for our investment
portfolio could be impacted. Our competitors may also be willing to accept lower returns on their investments and may succeed in buying
the assets that we have targeted for acquisition. Although we believe that we are well positioned to compete effectively in each facet
of our business, there is enormous competition in our market sector and there can be no assurance that we will compete effectively or
that we will not encounter increased competition in the future that could limit our ability to conduct our business effectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We are dependent upon the
net proceeds from this offering to conduct our operations. We have obtained and will continue to obtain the capital required to purchase
new investments and conduct our operations from the proceeds of this offering and any future offerings we may conduct, from secured or
unsecured financings from banks and other lenders and from any undistributed funds from our operations. If we are unable to raise substantial
gross offering proceeds, we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the type, number and size of investments
we make and the value of an investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific assets we acquire. Further, we will have
certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a publicly offered REIT, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial
funds in this offering. Our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross
income, reducing our net income and limiting our ability to make distributions.
Our aggregate targeted property-level
leverage, excluding any debt at the REIT level, affordable housing developments, or on assets under development or renovation, after we
have acquired a substantial portfolio of stabilized properties is between 50-70% of the greater of the cost (before deducting depreciation
or other non-cash reserves) or fair market value of our assets. During the period when we are acquiring, constructing and/or renovating
our investments, we may employ greater leverage on individual assets. Our Manager may from time to time modify our leverage policy in
its discretion in light of then-current economic conditions, relative costs of debt and equity capital, market values of our assets, general
conditions in the market for debt and equity securities, growth and acquisition opportunities or other factors. For information regarding
the anticipated use of proceeds from this offering, see “Estimated Use of Proceeds.”
Further, we will have certain
fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a publicly offered REIT, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial
funds in this offering. Our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross
income, reducing our net income and limiting our ability to pay dividends.
In addition to making investments
in accordance with our investment objectives, we use our capital resources to make certain payments to our Manager. During our organization
and offering stage, these payments will include payments for reimbursement of certain organization and offering expenses. During our acquisition
and development stage, we expect to make payments to our Manager in connection with the management of our assets and costs incurred by
our Manager and its affiliates in providing services to us. In addition, we will be required to pay certain fees and expenses to our third
party administrative and processing agent for administrative and processing services in connection with this offering, as discussed under
“Plan of Distribution—Administrative and Processing Agent.” For a discussion of the compensation to be paid to our Manager,
see “Management Compensation”.
We intend to elect to be taxed
as a REIT and to operate as a REIT commencing on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors
such as the timing of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our
ability to maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we will be required to make aggregate
annual dividends to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction
and excluding net capital gain). Our Board of Directors may authorize dividends in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status
and/or avoid such taxes on retained taxable income and gains depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our Board
of Directors deems relevant. Provided we have sufficient available cash flow, we intend to authorize and declare dividends based on daily
record dates and pay dividends on a quarterly or other periodic basis. We have not established a minimum distribution level. See “U.S.
Federal Income Tax Considerations” for additional details regarding the various requirements that we must satisfy in order to qualify
as a REIT and maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund.
Market Outlook — Real Estate Finance Markets
The commercial real estate
market, including capital and credit markets have been under pressure from the rapid recent increase in interest rates. We are closely
monitoring both credit markets and inflationary trends. These economic cross currents can have offsetting effects, for instance, raising
the cost of borrowing and purchasing commodities (like lumber) needed for construction, while lowing property acquisition costs and increasing
average rents.
Additionally, commercial real
estate markets continue to feel the effects of Covid-19. As we look ahead we believe the economy will continue to rebound as improved
Covid-19 testing and treatments continue to be deployed. We believe fundamentals, transactions, and commercial real estate lending activities
will continue to strengthen in the United States core and surrounding metropolitan markets. We also expect the trend of foreign direct
investments in United States markets and real estate assets to continue.
We believe our Sponsor’s
flexibility provides us with a competitive edge in searching for value and attractive opportunities across wider markets and our target
property types in this rapidly changing economic environment.
However, risks related to
interest rate hikes and regulatory uncertainty could adversely affect growth and the values of our investments. Inflation increased substantially
throughout 2022 and 2023 as a result of increases in energy costs caused by warfare between Russia and Ukraine, which in turn increased
interest rates. In the event market fundamentals deteriorate, our real estate portfolio or the collateral security in any loan investment
we make may be impaired because of lower occupancy, lower rental rates, and/or declining values. Further, these circumstances may materially
impact the cost and availability of credit to borrowers, hampering the ability of our Manager to acquire new loans or investments with
attractive risk-reward dynamics.
Over the short term, we remain
cautiously optimistic about the opportunity to acquire investments offering attractive risk-adjusted returns in our targeted investment
markets. However, we recognize disruptions in financial markets can occur at any time. By targeting qualified opportunity zone investments,
we believe we will remain well positioned, as compared to our competitors, in the event current market dynamics deteriorate.
Valuation Policies
Our NAV is calculated by our
Manager from time to time, and approved by our Board of Directors. There is no set formula for calculating NAV. We will update our
NAV estimate at our discretion to reflect changes in our view of our economic value. The calculation takes into account many subjective
estimates including market sentiment and trends for commercial real estate, future occupancy rates, economic outlook for the communities
we invest in and more. The market capitalization rate methodology is summarized below.
Market Capitalization Rate Methodology –
Our Manager may estimate the NAV of the Company’s ownership interest in an investment by applying a market capitalization rate to
the projected or actual net operating income generated by that investment. The Manager will determine the market capitalization rate based
on completed sales and/or quoted prices in active marketing of comparable assets. Comparable sales are identified by reviewing recent
sales of similar vintage in a defined geographic region that are comparable in quality of improvements and tenancy.
We expect that the NAV calculations
described above will primarily be undertaken by our Manager and approved by our Board of Directors. The Manager is authorized to also
hire a third-party valuation firm.
In instances where we determine
that an independent appraisal of the real estate asset is necessary, including, but not limited to, instances where our Manager is unsure
of its ability on its own to accurately determine the estimated values of our commercial real estate assets and investments, or instances
where third party market values for comparable properties are either nonexistent or extremely inconsistent, we may engage an appraiser
that has expertise in appraising commercial real estate assets, to act as our independent valuation expert. The independent valuation
expert will not be responsible for, or prepare, our NAV per Share. However, we may hire a third party to calculate, or assist with calculating,
the NAV per Share.
The use of different judgments
or assumptions would likely result in different estimates of the value of our real estate assets. Moreover, although we evaluate and provide
our NAV per Share, our NAV per Share may fluctuate in the interim, so that the NAV per Share in effect may not reflect the amount that
might be paid for your shares in a market transaction. Further, our published NAV per Share may not fully reflect certain material events
to the extent that they are not known or their financial impact on our portfolio is not immediately quantifiable. Any resulting potential
disparity in our NAV per Share may be in favor of either stockholders who redeem their shares, or stockholders who buy new shares, or
existing stockholders.
Our goal is to provide a reasonable
estimate of the NAV per Share from time to time. However, the majority of our assets will consist of commercial real estate investments
and, as with any commercial real estate valuation protocol, the conclusions reached by our Manager will be based on a number of judgments,
assumptions and opinions about future events that may or may not prove to be correct. The use of different judgments, assumptions or opinions
would likely result in different estimates of the value of our commercial real estate assets and investments.
NAV Per Share Adjustments
We set our NAV at $100.00
per share, which is also the purchase price of our common stock as of the date of qualification of this offering circular. This valuation
has been determined by the Manager based on subjective analysis of our market position, and may be adjusted from time to time. We plan
to calculate NAV as our portfolio matures. We will update our NAV estimate at our discretion to reflect changes in our view of our economic
value. The calculation takes into account many subjective estimates including market sentiment and trends for commercial real estate,
future occupancy rates, economic outlook for the communities we invest in and more.
When we update our NAV and
NAV per Share, we will file with the SEC an offering circular supplement disclosing the determination of our NAV per Share that will be
applicable for such period. Except as otherwise set forth in this offering circular, we will disclose, in an offering circular supplement
filed with the SEC, the principal valuation components of our NAV.
Contractual Obligations and Other Long-Term Liabilities
As of December 31, 2023, we did not have any contractual
obligations or other long-term liabilities.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2023 we did not have any off-balance
sheet arrangements.
Inflation
Our residential leases are
expected to typically be for one-year terms, which should minimize any negative impact from inflation. We expect that substantially all
of our non-residential leases will provide for separate real estate tax and operating expense escalations. In addition, substantially
all of those leases will provide for fixed rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by
the contractual rent increases and expense escalations described above.
Results of Operations
We were formed on June 19,
2020 and began operating on July 12, 2021. Our management is not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than national economic
conditions affecting real estate generally that may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on revenues
or income from the acquisition, management and operation of real estate and real estate related investments.
Critical Accounting Policies
Below is a discussion of the
accounting policies that management believes are critical. We consider these policies critical because we believe that understanding these
policies is critical to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. Additionally, these policies may involve significant
management judgments and assumptions, or require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. These judgments will affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements
and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different
amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the
comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.
Real Estate Investments
We will record acquired real
estate at cost and make assessments as to the useful lives of depreciable assets. We will have to make subjective assessments as to the
useful lives of our depreciable assets. We will consider the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful
life. We anticipate the estimated useful lives of our assets by class to be as follows:
Buildings |
25-40 years |
Building improvements |
10-25 years |
Tenant improvements |
Shorter of lease term or expected useful life |
Lease intangibles |
Remaining term of related lease |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
For operations related to
properties that have been sold or properties that are intended to be sold, we will present them as discontinued operations in the statement
of operations for all periods presented, and properties intended to be sold to be designated as “held for sale” on the balance
sheet. We will deem the intent to sell to exist and utilize the “held for sale” designation when a non-refundable deposit
or option payment has been made by a prospective buyer.
When circumstances indicate
the carrying value of a property may not be recoverable, we will review the asset for impairment. This review is based on an estimate
of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition.
These estimates consider factors
such as expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand,
competition and other factors.
If impairment exists, due
to the inability to recover the carrying value of a property, an impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value
exceeds the estimated fair value of the property for properties to be held and used. For properties held for sale, the impairment loss
is the adjustment to fair value less estimated cost to dispose of the asset. These assessments have a direct impact on net income because
recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income.
Allocation of Purchase Price of Acquired Assets
Upon the acquisition of real
properties, it is our policy to allocate the purchase price of properties to acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building, fixtures
and improvements, and identified intangible lease assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases,
as applicable, other value of in-place leases and value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values.
We will record above-market
and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks
associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases
and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to
the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. We will amortize any capitalized above-market or below-market lease values as an increase
or reduction to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases, which we expect will range from one month
to ten years.
We will measure the aggregate
value of other intangible assets acquired based on the difference between (i) the property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted
to market rental rates and (ii) the property valued as if vacant. Our estimates of value are expected to be made using methods similar
to those used by independent appraiser. Factors to be considered by management in its analysis include an estimate of carrying costs during
hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases.
We will also consider information
obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair
value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, we will also include real estate taxes, insurance
and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods. We will also estimate
costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions and legal and other related expenses to the extent that such costs have
not already been incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of the transaction.
The total amount of other
intangible assets acquired will be further allocated to in-place lease values and customer relationship intangible values based on management’s
evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics
to be considered by us in allocating these values include the nature and extent of our existing business relationships with the tenant,
growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals (including
those existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors.
We will amortize the value
of in-place leases to expense over the initial term of the respective leases. The value of customer relationship intangibles will be amortized
to expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective leases, but in no event will the amortization periods for the
intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion
of the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles would be charged to expense in that period.
The determination of the fair
value of the assets and liabilities acquired requires the use of significant assumptions with regard to current market rental rates, discount
rates and other variables. The use of inappropriate estimates would result in an incorrect assessment of the fair value of these assets
and liabilities, which could impact the amount of our reported net income. These estimates are subject to change until all information
is finalized, which is generally within one year of the acquisition date.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
Proper valuation of financial
instruments is a critical component of our financial statement preparation. ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”
(“ASC 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based
on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Fair value is defined
as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between marketplace participants
at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price).
We will categorize our financial
instruments, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy
gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to
unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy,
the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities
recorded on the consolidated balance sheets will be categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
| · | Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets
or liabilities in an active market (examples include active exchange-traded equity securities, listed derivatives, most U.S. Government
and agency securities, and certain other sovereign government obligations). |
| · | Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on the following: |
| · | quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets (for example, restricted stock); |
| · | quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets (examples include corporate
and municipal bonds, which trade infrequently); |
| · | pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (examples
include most over-the-counter derivatives, including interest rate and currency swaps); and |
| · | pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through
correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (for example, certain mortgage loans). |
Financial assets and liabilities
whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall
fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in
pricing the asset or liability (examples include private equity investments, commercial mortgage backed securities, and long-dated or
complex derivatives including certain foreign exchange options and long dated options on gas and power).
The fair values of our financial
instruments will be based on observable market prices when available. Such prices will be based on the last sales price on the date of
determination, or, if no sales occurred on such day, at the “bid” price at the close of business on such day and if sold short
at the “ask” price at the close of business on such day. Interest rate swap contracts will be valued based on market rates
or prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers. Generally, these prices will be provided by a recognized financial
data service provider.
Fair Value Option
ASC 825 “Fair Value
Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASC 825”) provides a fair value option election that allows
companies to irrevocably elect fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain financial assets and liabilities.
Changes in fair value for assets and liabilities for which the election is made will be recognized in earnings as they occur. ASC 825
permits the fair value option election on an instrument by instrument basis at initial recognition. We will determine the fair value of
financial assets and financial liabilities for which the ASC 825 election is made pursuant to the guidance in ASC 820.
Revenue Recognition
Real Estate
We recognize minimum rent,
including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis
over the term of the related leases when collectability is reasonably assured and record amounts expected to be received in later years
as deferred rent receivable. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, we determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting
purposes, are owned by the tenant or by us. When we are the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken
physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed.
When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that a tenant can take in
the form of cash or a credit against its rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue
over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to:
| · | whether the lease stipulates how a tenant improvement allowance may be spent; |
| · | whether the amount of a tenant improvement allowance is in excess of market rates; |
| · | whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term; |
| · | whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general-purpose in nature; and |
| · | whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease. |
We record property operating
expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs in the period the
related expenses are incurred.
We make estimates of the collectability
of our tenant receivables related to base rents, including deferred rent receivable, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income.
We specifically analyze accounts receivable, deferred rent receivable, historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic
trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, with respect
to tenants in bankruptcy, we will make estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in assessing the estimated
collectability of the related receivable. In some cases, the ultimate resolution of these claims can exceed one year. When a tenant is
in bankruptcy, we will record a bad debt reserve for the tenant’s receivable balance and generally will not recognize subsequent
rental revenue until cash is received or until the tenant is no longer in bankruptcy and has the ability to make rental payments.
Real Estate Loans Receivable
We will recognize interest
income from our real estate debt investments on an accrual basis over the life of the investment using the effective interest method.
We will recognize fees, discounts, premiums, anticipated exit fees and direct cost over the term of the loan as an adjustment to the yield.
We will recognize fees on commitments that expire unused at expiration.
Related Party Loans and Warehousing of Assets
If we have sufficient funds
to acquire only a portion of a real estate investment then, in order to cover the shortfall, we may obtain a related party loan from our
Sponsor or its affiliates. Each related party loan will be an obligation of ours, that is payable solely to the extent that such related
party loan remains outstanding. As we sell additional shares of common stock in this offering, we will use the proceeds of such sales
to pay down the principal and interest of the related party loan, reducing the payment obligation of the related party loan, and our obligation
to the holder of the related party loan. We may also utilize related party loans, from time to time, as a form of leverage to acquire
real estate assets. From time to time we may borrow from our Sponsor at a market rate approved by the Board of Directors. At such time
that we have independent members of the Board of Directors, a majority will act upon conflicts of interest matters, including transactions
between us and our Manager. For more details, see “Conflicts of Interest and Related Party Transactions.”
As an alternative means of
acquiring investments for which we do not yet have sufficient funds, our Sponsor or its affiliates may close and fund a real estate investment
prior to it being acquired by us. This ability to warehouse investments allows us the flexibility to deploy our offering proceeds as funds
are raised. We may then acquire such investment at a price equal to the fair market value of such investment, provided that its fair market
value is materially equal to its cost (i.e., the aggregate equity capital invested by our Sponsor or its affiliates in connection
with the acquisition and during the warehousing of such investments, plus assumption of debt and any costs, such as accrued property management
fees and transfer taxes, incurred during or as a result of the warehousing or, with respect to debt, the principal balance plus accrued
interest net of any applicable servicing fees).
New Accounting Pronouncements
Management has determined
that all recently issued accounting pronouncements will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements or do not
apply to the Company’s operations.
Extended Accounting Transition Period
We have elected to use the
extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under part F/S of Regulation A, that allows us to delay
the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards
apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with
public company effective dates.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Our future income, cash flows
and fair values relating to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk
of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We may use derivative financial instruments to manage or hedge interest
rate risks related to borrowing.
Overview of Our Sponsor
Our Sponsor was recently formed
to create tax efficient investment vehicles customized for the significant changes to federal tax law brought about by the Tax Cuts and
Jobs Act. Our Sponsor has put in place a team of executives with decades of experience in financial markets and advisors and directors
who bring decades of experience in real estate acquisition. Additionally, our Sponsor originally funded this equity offering and is entitled
to be reimbursed for offering expenses. We have no prior operating history. See “Management” for further details.
Description
of Capital Stock and Certain Provisions of Maryland Law, our Charter and Bylaws
The following description
of our capital stock, certain provisions of Maryland law and certain provisions of our charter and bylaws are summaries and are qualified
by reference to Maryland law and our charter and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the offering statement of which this
offering circular is a part. See “Additional Information.” References in this section to “we,” “our,”
“us” and “our company” refer to Park View OZ REIT, Inc
General
We were incorporated in Maryland
as a corporation on June 19, 2020. Our charter authorizes us to issue: (i) 9,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share
and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock. We may increase the number of shares of common or preferred stock without stockholder consent.
At this time, we have not issued any preferred stock. As of the date of this offering circular, we have issued a total of 29,683 shares
of common stock .
We have a December 31st
fiscal year end. In addition, we intend to qualify as a REIT and to be taxed as a REIT under the Code on such date as determined
by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors such as the timing of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to
satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund. See “U.S.
Federal Income Tax Considerations” for additional details regarding the various requirements that we must satisfy in order to qualify
as a REIT and maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund.
Common Stock
Holders of our common stock
will be entitled to receive such dividends as declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of legally available funds, subject
to any preferential rights of any preferred stock that we issue in the future. In any liquidation, each outstanding share of common stock
entitles its holder to share (based on the percentage of shares held) in the assets that remain after we pay our liabilities and any preferential
dividends owed to preferred stockholders. Holders of shares of our common stock will not have preemptive rights, which means that you
will not have an automatic option to purchase any new shares that we issue, nor will holders of our shares of common stock have any preference,
conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or appraisal rights. Our common stock will be non-assessable by us upon our receipt of
the consideration for which our Board of Directors authorized its issuance.
Our Board of Directors has
authorized the issuance of shares of our common stock without certificates. We will not issue shares in certificated form. Information
regarding restrictions on the transferability of our shares that, under Maryland law, would otherwise have been required to appear on
our stock certificates will instead be furnished to stockholders upon request and without charge.
Through our transfer agent,
Securities Transfer Corporation (the “Transfer Agent”), we maintain a stock ledger that contains the name and address of each
stockholder and the number of shares that the stockholder holds. With respect to uncertificated stock, we will continue to treat the stockholder
registered on our stock ledger as the owner of the shares until the new owner delivers a properly executed form to us, which form we will
provide to any registered holder upon request.
Voting of Common Stock
Subject to the restrictions
in our charter on transfer and ownership of shares and except as may otherwise be specified in the charter, the holders of our common
stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote, including election of our directors. Therefore,
the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock can elect the entire Board of Directors. Except as set forth in our
charter, including any articles supplementary with respect to any series of preferred stock we may issue in the future, the holders of
our common stock will possess exclusive voting power. Our charter does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of its directors.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our
Board of Directors to designate and issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock without approval of our common stockholders.
Our Board of Directors may determine the relative rights, preferences and privileges of each class or series of preferred stock so issued,
which may be more beneficial than the rights, preferences, and privileges attributable to our common stock. The issuance of preferred
stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control. Our Board of Directors has no present plans to issue preferred
stock but may do so at any time in the future without stockholder approval.
Preferred Stock to Meet 100 Investor REIT
Requirement.
Following completion of this
offering, to the extent necessary to assist us in obtaining a sufficient number of stockholders to meet certain of the qualification requirements
for taxation as a REIT under the Code, we may undertake to issue and sell up to approximately 125 shares of a new series of preferred
stock in a private placement to up to approximately 125 investors who qualify as “accredited investors” (as that term is defined
in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act). The preferred stock is expected to be perpetual, pay an annual market dividend
for securities of this type and be redeemable by us at a premium to the aggregate liquidation value. For example, if we issue 125 shares
of preferred stock with a liquidation price of $1,000 per share and an annual dividend of 12.5%, we would raise additional capital of
$125,000 and be required to be pay or set aside for payment, in the aggregate, approximately $15,625 annually, before any dividends on
shares of our common stock could be made.
Meetings and Special Voting Requirements
An annual meeting of our stockholders
may be held each year, on a date and at the time and place set by our Board of Directors.
Special meetings of stockholders
may be called by the chairman of our Board of Directors, chief executive officer, president or our Board of Directors. In addition, a
special meeting of the stockholders must be called to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of stockholders upon
the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting and
the satisfaction by such stockholders of certain procedural requirements set forth in the bylaws.
The presence in person or
by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at any stockholder meeting constitutes a quorum.
The affirmative vote of a plurality of all votes cast is sufficient to elect a director. Unless otherwise provided by the Maryland General
Corporation Law or our charter, the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast is sufficient to approve any other matter which properly
comes before the meeting.
Under the Maryland General
Corporation Law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets,
engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless declared advisable by its
board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to
be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage,
but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Except for amendments of our charter relating to the
restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares and the vote required to amend certain provisions of our charter and except for those
amendments permitted to be made without stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in the charter, any amendment
to our charter will be valid only if it is declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of holders
of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Restrictions on Ownership of Shares
Ownership Limit
To maintain our REIT qualification,
not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (including certain
entities treated as individuals under the Code) during the last half of each taxable year. In addition, at least 100 persons who are independent
of us and each other must beneficially own our outstanding shares for at least 335 days per 12-month taxable year or during a proportionate
part of a shorter taxable year. Each of the requirements specified in the two preceding sentences will not apply to any period prior to
the second year for which we elect to be taxable as a REIT. We may prohibit certain acquisitions and transfers of shares so as to ensure
our continued qualification as a REIT under the Code. However, we cannot assure you that this prohibition will be effective.
To help ensure that we meet
these tests, our charter prohibits any person or group of persons from acquiring, directly or indirectly, beneficial ownership of more
than 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding shares of common stock, or 9.8% by value or
number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding capital stock unless exempted by our Board of Directors. Our Board
of Directors may waive 9.8% ownership limitations with respect to a particular person if our Board of Directors receives evidence that
ownership in excess of the limit will not jeopardize our REIT status. For purposes of this provision, we treat corporations, partnerships
and other entities as single persons.
These 9.8% ownership limitations
will apply as of the first date of the second taxable year for which we elect to be treated as a REIT. However, our charter will also
prohibit any actual, beneficial or constructive ownership of our shares that causes us to fail to qualify as a REIT (including any ownership
that would result in any of our income that would otherwise qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT
rules to fail to qualify as such) and such ownership limitation shall not be waived. In addition, our charter prohibits a person from
owning actually or constructively shares of our outstanding capital stock if such ownership would result in any of our income that would
otherwise qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT rules to fail to qualify as such.
Any attempted transfer of
our shares that, if effective, would result in a violation of our ownership limit or would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a
REIT (including by virtue of us being “closely held” or through our receipt of related party tenant income) will be null and
void and will cause the number of shares causing the violation to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of
one or more charitable beneficiaries. Any attempted transfer of our shares that, if effective, would result in our shares being owned
by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void. The prohibited transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. The automatic transfer
will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the attempted transfer. We will designate
a trustee of the trust that will not be affiliated with us or the prohibited transferee. We will also name one or more charitable organizations
as a beneficiary of the share trust.
Shares held in trust will
remain issued and outstanding shares and will be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other shares of the same class or series.
The prohibited transferee will not benefit economically from any of the shares held in trust, will not have any rights to dividends or
dividends, and will not have the right to vote or any other rights attributable to the shares held in the trust. The trustee will receive
all dividends and dividends on the shares held in trust and will hold such dividends or dividends in trust for the benefit of the charitable
beneficiary. The trustee may vote any shares held in trust.
Within 20 days of receiving
notice from us that any of our shares have been transferred to the trust for the charitable beneficiary, the trustee will sell those shares
to a person designated by the trustee whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above restrictions. Upon the sale, the interest
of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited
transferee and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The prohibited transferee will receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the
prohibited transferee for the shares or, if the prohibited transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing
the shares to be held in the trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other similar transaction), the market price (as defined in our charter)
of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (ii) the price received by the trustee from the sale
or other disposition of the shares. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited transferee will be paid immediately
to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the prohibited
transferee, then (i) the shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and (ii) to the extent that the prohibited transferee
received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he was entitled to receive, the excess will be paid to the trustee upon demand.
In addition, shares held in
the trust for the charitable beneficiary will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal
to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or
gift, the market price at the time of the devise or gift) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer.
We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary
in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited transferee.
Any person who acquires or
attempts to acquire shares in violation of the foregoing restrictions or who would have owned the shares that were transferred to any
such trust must give us immediate written notice of such event, and any person who proposes or attempts to acquire or receive shares in
violation of the foregoing restrictions must give us at least 15 days’ written notice prior to such transaction. In both cases,
such persons will provide to us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on
our status as a REIT.
The foregoing restrictions
will continue to apply until our Board of Directors determines it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT.
The 9.8% ownership limitations described above do not apply to any underwriter in an offering of our shares or to a person or persons
exempted from the ownership limit by our Board of Directors based upon appropriate assurances that our qualification as a REIT would not
be jeopardized.
Within 30 days after the end
of each taxable year, every owner of 5% or more of our outstanding capital stock will be asked to deliver to us a statement setting forth
the number of shares owned directly or indirectly by such person and a description of how such person holds the shares. Each such owner
will also provide us with such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of his or her beneficial
ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with our ownership limit.
In addition, our charter provides
that, prior to the first date on which any class or series of shares of our capital stock constitutes “publicly-offered securities”
(as defined in the Plan Assets Regulation), “benefit plan investors” may not hold, in the aggregate, 25 percent or more of
the value of any class or series of shares of our capital stock. If benefit plan investors exceed this 25% limit, we may redeem their
interests at a price equal to the then NAV per Share price or transfer their interests to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary.
See “ERISA Considerations—The 25% Limit” and See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies” and “NAV
Per Share Adjustments” for more information.
Furthermore, our charter provides
that, in the event we determine in our discretion that there is a material likelihood that we would be a fiduciary under applicable law
with respect to an investor that is subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code (e.g., an IRA), we have the authority to redeem
such investor’s interests at a price equal to the then current NAV per Share price.
These restrictions could delay,
defer or prevent a transaction or change in control of us that might involve a premium price for our shares of common stock or otherwise
be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Investment Criteria, Minimum Investment and Transfer Restrictions
Pursuant to the requirements
of Section 18(b)(4)(D)(ii) of the Securities Act and Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A, purchasers of our common stock must be “qualified
purchasers,” which means that they are required to satisfy certain investment criteria regarding their net worth or income. A purchaser
must either: (i) be an accredited investor; or (ii) if not an accredited investor, invest not more than 10% of the greater of: (a) if
the purchaser is a natural person: (1) his or her individual net worth, or joint net worth with his or her spouse, excluding the value
of the purchaser’s primary residence; or (2) his or her individual income, or joint income with his or her spouse, received in each
of the two most recent years, provided that the purchaser has a reasonable expectation that an investment in the shares will not exceed
10% of his or her individual or joint income in the current year; or (b) if the purchaser is not a natural person, (1) his or her revenue,
as of the most recently completed fiscal year end; or (2) his or her net assets, as of the most recently completed fiscal year end. See
“State Law Exemption and Purchase Restrictions” of this offering circular for
more information.
No stockholder shall, without
the prior written approval of our Board of Directors, transfer any shares of Capital Stock if, in the opinion of counsel, such transfer
would result in our being required to become a reporting company under the Exchange Act. Any such transfer shall be void ab initio
and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock. This restriction shall not apply at any time (i)
that we have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act or are filing reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) under the Exchange
Act or (ii) after our Board of Directors adopts a resolution to such effect.
All subsequent sales must comply with applicable
state and federal securities laws.
The minimum investment required
in this offering is 100 shares of common stock, or $10,000 based on the initial offering price of $100.00 per share, provided that our
Manager has the discretion to accept smaller investments. Pursuant to a board policy, you may not transfer your shares of common stock
in a manner that causes you or your transferee to own fewer than the number of shares of common stock required to meet the minimum purchase
requirements, except for the following transfers without consideration: transfers by gift; transfers by inheritance; intrafamily transfers;
family dissolutions; transfers to affiliates; and transfers by operation of law. These minimum investment requirements are applicable
unless and until our shares of common stock are listed on a national securities exchange, and these requirements may make it more difficult
for you to sell your shares of common stock. We cannot assure you that our shares of common stock will ever be listed on a national securities
exchange.
Dividends
We expect that we will declare
and pay dividends on a quarterly basis, or more or less frequently as advised by our Manager, in arrears, based on daily record dates.
Any dividends we make will be following consultation with our Manager, and will be based on, among other factors, our present and reasonably
projected future cash flow. We expect that we will set the rate of dividends at a level that will be reasonably consistent and sustainable
over time. Neither we nor our Manager has pre-established a percentage range of return for dividends to stockholders. We have not established
a minimum distribution level, and our charter does not require that we pay dividends to our stockholders.
Generally, our policy will
be to pay dividends from cash flow from operations. During our offering stage, when we may raise capital in this offering more quickly
than we acquire income-producing assets, and for some period after our offering stage, we may not be able to pay dividends solely from
our cash flow from operations. Further, because we may receive property income or other revenue at various times during our fiscal year
and because we may need cash flow from operations during a particular period to fund capital expenditures and other expenses, we expect
that at least during the early stages of our development and from time to time during our operational stage, we will declare dividends
in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and we will pay these dividends in advance of our actual
receipt of these funds. In these instances, we expect to look to third party borrowings or lines of credit to fund our dividends. We may
also fund such dividends from the sale of assets or other investments. Our charter permits us to pay dividends from any source, including
offering proceeds or borrowings (which may constitute a return of capital), and our charter does not limit the amount of funds we may
use from any source to pay such dividends. If we pay dividends from sources other than our cash flow from operations, we will have less
funds available for investment in properties and other assets.
To maintain our qualification
as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual dividends to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without
regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance
with GAAP). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the income that
we distribute to our stockholders each year. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations – Requirements for Qualification
– Annual Distribution Requirements.” Our Board of Directors may authorize dividends in excess of those required for us to
maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant.
Dividends that you receive,
and which are not designated by us as capital gain dividends, will generally be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are from current
or accumulated earnings and profits. To the extent any portion of your distribution is not from current or accumulated earnings and profits,
it will not be subject to tax immediately; it will be considered a return of capital for tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of
your investment (and potentially result in taxable gain upon your sale of the stock). Dividends that constitute a return of capital, in
effect, defer a portion of your tax until your investment is sold or we are liquidated, at which time you will be taxed at capital gains
rates. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our Stock —Distributions
Generally” for an additional discussion of these rules. However, because each investor’s tax considerations are different,
we suggest that you consult with your tax advisor.
Business Combinations
Under the Maryland General
Corporation Law, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances,
an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and any interested stockholder,
or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder, are prohibited for five years following the most recent date on which the interested
stockholder became an interested stockholder. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder as:
| · | any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s
outstanding voting stock after the date on which the corporation had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock; or |
| · | an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the
date in question and after the date on which the corporation had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock, was the beneficial owner,
directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation. |
After such five-year period,
any such business combination must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of
at least:
| · | 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation;
and |
| · | two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares
held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate
or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These supermajority approval
requirements do not apply if, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined
in the Maryland General Corporation Law) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously
paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. In addition, a person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board
of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. The board
of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance with any terms and conditions determined by it.
These provisions of the Maryland
General Corporation Law do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a corporation’s board of
directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our Board of Directors has adopted a resolution
exempting any business combinations between us and any other person or entity from the business combination provisions of the Maryland
General Corporation Law and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to business
combinations between us and any person as described above. As a result, any person described above may be able to enter into business
combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders without compliance by our company with the supermajority
vote requirements and other provisions of the statute.
None of these provisions of
the Maryland General Corporation Law will apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board of directors
of the corporation prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. We have opted out of these provisions
by resolution of our Board of Directors. However, our Board of Directors may, by resolution, opt in to the business combination statute
in the future.
Control Share Acquisitions
The Maryland General Corporation
Law provides that holders of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition”
have no voting rights with respect to any control shares except to the extent approved at a special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative
vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock of a corporation in respect of which
any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of such shares in the election of directors:
(a) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition; (b) an officer of the corporation; or (c) an employee of the corporation
who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other
such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise
of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors
within one of the following ranges of voting power:
| · | one-tenth or more but less than one-third; |
| · | one-third or more but less than a majority; or |
| · | a majority or more of all voting power. |
Control shares do not include
shares that the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control
share acquisition” means the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of ownership of, or the power to direct the exercise of voting
power with respect to, issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes
to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses and making an “acquiring
person statement” as described in the Maryland General Corporation Law), may compel our Board of Directors to call a special meeting
of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares acquired or to be acquired in the control
share acquisition. If no request for a special meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights of control
shares are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an “acquiring person statement” as required
by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except
those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights
for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which
the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting
and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights,
unless these specific appraisal rights are eliminated under the charter or bylaws.
The control share acquisition
statute does not apply to: (a) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction,
or (b) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision
exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our stock. There can be no assurance that
this provision will not be amended or eliminated by the board at any time in the future.
Exclusive Forum
Our bylaws contain a forum
selection provision designating the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Baltimore, Maryland (or, if that court does not have jurisdiction,
the United States District Court for the District of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland) as the sole and exclusive forum for derivative claims
brought on our behalf, claims against any of our directors, officers or other employees alleging a breach of duty owed to us or our stockholders,
claims against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Maryland General Corporation
Law or our charter or bylaws, claims against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees governed by the internal affairs
doctrine, and any other claims brought by or on behalf of any stockholder of record or any beneficial owner of our common stock (either
on his, her or its own behalf or on behalf of any series or class of shares of our stock or any group of our stockholders) against us
or any of our directors, officers or other employees, unless we consent to an alternative forum. The portion of our forum selection provision
designating the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Baltimore, Maryland as the exclusive forum for certain claims would not apply to claims
brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act, as such claims fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal
courts, however the portion of our forum selection provision designating the United States District Court for the District of Maryland,
in Baltimore, Maryland would apply to any such claims. Our forum selection provision would apply to claims brought to enforce a duty or
liability created by the Securities Act. Our forum selection provision does not relieve us of our duties to comply with, and our stockholders
cannot waive our compliance with, the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Moreover, there is uncertainty
as to whether a court would enforce our forum selection provision, with respect to claims brought under the federal securities laws or
otherwise.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’
Liability
Maryland law permits a Maryland
corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders
for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
| · | actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or |
| · | active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of
action. |
Our charter contains such
a provision that eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. These limitations
of liability do not apply to liabilities arising under the federal securities laws and do not generally affect the availability of equitable
remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
Our charter also authorizes
our company, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to obligate our company to indemnify any present or former director or officer
or any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at the request of our company, serves or has served another corporation,
real estate investment trust, partnership, co-investment, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner
or trustee, from and against any claim or liability to which that individual may become subject or which that individual may incur by
reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse his or her reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition
of a proceeding.
Our bylaws obligate us, to
the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while a director
or officer of our company and at the request of our company, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership,
co-investment, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee and who is made, or threatened
to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, from and against any claim or liability to which
that individual may become subject or which that individual may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay
or reimburse his or her reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. Our charter and bylaws also permit our company
to indemnify and advance expenses to any individual who served a predecessor of our company in any of the capacities described above and
any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
Maryland law requires a corporation
(unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the
defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity.
Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties,
fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened
to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| · | the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding
and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| · | the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services;
or |
| · | in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the
act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under Maryland law,
a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of
liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only
for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s
receipt of:
| · | a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met
the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and |
| · | a written undertaking by him or her on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the
corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met. |
Insofar as the foregoing provisions
permit indemnification of directors, executive officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have
been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is
therefore unenforceable.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
At this time, we are not selling
the shares through commissioned sales agents or underwriters, though we may elect to do so in the future. We will use our existing website,
www.parkviewozreit.com, to provide notification of the offering. This offering circular will be furnished to prospective investors
at investorrelations@parkviewozreit.com via download 24 hours per day, 7 days per week on our website.
Payments for subscriptions
must be transmitted directly by wire or electronic funds transfer via ACH to the specified bank account maintained by our Manager pursuant
to the instructions in the subscription agreement.
To ensure that any account
changes or updates are made promptly and accurately, all changes and updates should be directed to the transfer agent, including any change
to a stockholder’s address, ownership type, or distribution mailing address, as well as stockholder repurchase requests under our
share repurchase program.
Description
of The Partnership Agreement of Park View QOZB OP, LP
The following summary of
the terms of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of our Operating Partnership does not purport to be complete and is
subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Park View QOZB OP,
LP, a copy of which is an exhibit to the offering statement of which this offering circular is a part. See “Additional Information.”
References in this section to “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer to Park View OZ
REIT, Inc.
Management
We are the sole limited partner
of our Operating Partnership, which is organized as a Delaware limited partnership. Park View Investments, LLC (“Park View Investments”)
is the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership. We will conduct most of our operations and make most of our investments through
our Operating Partnership. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the “Partnership Agreement”),
Park View Investments, as the sole general partner, has full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and
control of our Operating Partnership, including the ability to cause our Operating Partnership to enter into certain major transactions
including acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings, and to pay distributions to partners. The Partnership Agreement will require that
our Operating Partnership be operated in a manner that permits us to qualify as a REIT.
Transferability of General Partner Interests
Park View Investments may
not, directly or indirectly, sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber, hypothecate, or similarly dispose of, either voluntarily or involuntarily,
by operation of law or otherwise, its interest in the Operating Partnership without first obtaining the written approval of one or more
limited partners holding at least a majority of the total percentage interests of the limited partners. Park View Investments may not
withdraw or resign as general partner prior to the transfer of its entire interests in accordance with the foregoing without the consent
of each of the other partners.
Limited Partners
Limited partners generally
have no voting or consent rights, except as set forth above and with respect to dissolution and certain amendments to the Partnership
Agreement. Amendments to reflect the transfer or issuance of additional partnership interests may be made by the general partner without
the consent of the limited partners. All other amendments to the Partnership Agreement require the prior approval of one or more limited
partners holding at least a majority of the total percentage interests of the limited partners.
Capital Contributions
We will contribute directly
to our Operating Partnership substantially all of the net proceeds from this offering and the private placement to our Sponsor as additional
capital contributions. As we contribute additional capital to our Operating Partnership, our capital account will be adjusted to reflect
the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in the capital accounts previously)
would be allocated among the partners under the terms of the Partnership Agreement if there were a taxable disposition of such property
for its fair market value (as determined by us) on the date of the revaluation. No partner shall be required to make any additional capital
contributions to the Operating Partnership. However, if our Operating Partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds
available to our Operating Partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may lend funds to the Operating Partnership. Any such
loans will not be considered capital contributions and will not affect the maintenance of our capital account.
Reimbursement of Expenses
Under the Partnership Agreement,
the Operating Partnership shall reimburse the Sponsor on a monthly basis for all ordinary and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred
by the Sponsor in the performance of services under the Partnership Agreement, including for the portion of our administrative and overhead
expenses (including the portion of any salaries of our officers or employees) reasonably utilized in the performance of such services.
Any such reimbursed expenses, including for any administrative or overhead expenses, shall be reasonable in amount in the aggregate for
any fiscal year. Any amounts payable to the Sponsor as reimbursements shall be treated as expenses of the Operating Partnership and shall
not be deemed to constitute distributions of profit, loss, or capital of the Operating Partnership.
Fiduciary Responsibilities
Our directors and officers
have duties under applicable Maryland law to manage our company in a manner consistent with the best interests of our stockholders. At
the same time, we, as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, will have fiduciary duties under applicable Delaware law to manage
our Operating Partnership in a manner beneficial to our Operating Partnership and its partners. Our duties to our Operating Partnership
and its limited partners, therefore, may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our stockholders. Pursuant
to the Partnership Agreement, whenever we are permitted or required to make a decision (including a decision that is in our “discretion”
or under a grant of similar authority or latitude), we are entitled to consider only such interests and factors as we desire, including
our own interests, and shall have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of or factors affecting the Operating
Partnership or any other person.
Distributions
The Partnership Agreement
provides that Park View Investments, as the general partner, shall cause the Operating Partnership to distribute any available cash of
the Operating Partnership, after allowance for payment of all debts, liabilities, and obligations of the Operating Partnership then due
and payable and such reasonable reserves as we may determine, to the partners, at such times as we may determine; provided, that
any such distribution shall be made to all partners pro rata in accordance with their percentage interests.
Upon liquidation of our Operating
Partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining
assets of the partnership will be distributed to us and the limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their respective
positive capital account balances.
Allocations
After giving effect to any
regulatory and special allocations, profits and losses of the partnership (including depreciation and amortization deductions) for each
taxable year generally will be allocated to us and the other partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests in the partnership.
All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Section 704 of the Code and Treasury Regulations promulgated
thereunder. To the extent Treasury Regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code permit, Park View Investments, as the
general partner, shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by our Operating Partnership for allocating taxable items with
respect to any contributed property acquired in connection with this offering or thereafter for which fair market value differs from the
adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution, or with respect to properties that are revalued and carried for purposes of maintaining
capital accounts at a value different from adjusted tax basis at the time of revaluation, and such election shall be binding on all partners.
Term
Our Operating Partnership will continue indefinitely,
or until sooner dissolved upon:
| · | an election to dissolve made by us and one or more limited partners holding at least a majority of the total percentage interests
of the limited partners; |
| · | the sale, exchange, involuntary conversion, or other disposition or transfer of all or substantially all the assets of the partnership; |
| · | an event of withdrawal occurs regarding the general partner; provided that the partnership shall
not be dissolved if (i) within ninety (90) days after the date on which the event of withdrawal occurs, one or more limited partners holding
at least a majority of the total percentage interests of the limited partners shall have elected to continue the business of the partnership
and agreed to the appointment, effective as of the date of such event, of a successor general partner; or (ii) at such time there is at
least one remaining general partner (who is authorized to and does carry on the business of the partnership) and at least one limited
partner; |
| · | The entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under § 17-802 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited
Partnership Act; or |
| · | At any time there are no limited partners, unless the partnership is continued in accordance with the
Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act. |
Tax Matters
Our Partnership Agreement
will provide that Park View Investments, as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, will be the partnership representative of
our Operating Partnership and will have authority to represent the partnership in connection with all examinations of the affairs of the
partnership by any taxing authority.
U.S.
Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a summary
of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to our qualification as a qualified opportunity fund and our qualification
and taxation as a REIT and relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock. Because this is a summary
that is intended to address only certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of
our common stock generally applicable to holders, it may not contain all the information that may be important to you. As you review this
discussion, you should keep in mind that:
| · | the tax consequences to you may vary depending on your particular tax situation; |
| · | special rules that are not discussed below may apply to you if, for example, you are a broker-dealer,
a trust, an estate, a regulated investment company, a REIT, a financial institution, an insurance company, a person who holds 10% or more
(by vote or value) of our stock, a person holding their interest through a partnership or similar pass-through entity, a person subject
to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code, a person holding our common stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,”
“short sale,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment, a person
who marks-to market our common stock or preferred stock, a U.S. expatriate, a U.S. stockholder (as defined below) whose functional currency
is not the U.S. dollar or are otherwise subject to special tax treatment under the Code; |
| · | this summary does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations; |
| · | this summary does not address other federal tax considerations aside from U.S. federal income taxes, such
as alternative minimum taxes or estate taxes; |
| · | this summary assumes that stockholders hold our common stock as a “capital asset” within the
meaning of Section 1221 of the Code; |
| · | this summary does not address U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to tax-exempt organizations
and non-U.S. persons, except to the limited extent described below; and |
| · | this discussion is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. |
You are urged both to review
the following discussion and to consult with your own tax advisor to determine the effect of ownership and disposition of our common stock
on your particular tax situation, including any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences.
For purposes of this discussion, references to
“we,” “us” or “our” and any similar terms, refer solely to Park View OZ REIT Inc and not our Operating
Partnership or any other subsidiary.
The information in this section
is based on the current Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative
interpretations and practices of the IRS including its practices and policies as endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding
on the IRS except in the case of the taxpayer to whom a private letter ruling is addressed, and existing court decisions. Future legislation,
regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change current law or adversely affect existing interpretations
of current law, possibly with retroactive effect. Any change could apply retroactively. We have not obtained any rulings from the IRS
concerning the tax treatment of the matters discussed below. Thus, it is possible that the IRS could challenge the statements in this
discussion that do not bind the IRS or the courts, and that a court could agree with the IRS. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that
the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. This
summary is also based upon the assumption that we will operate Park View OZ REIT Inc and its subsidiaries and affiliated entities in accordance
with their applicable organizational documents.
The federal income tax treatment
of holders of our common stock depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of United
States federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular
stockholder of holding our common stock will depend on the stockholder’s particular tax circumstances. You are urged to consult
your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, and foreign income and other tax consequences to you in light of your particular
investment or tax circumstances of acquiring, holding, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of our common stock.
Qualification as a Qualified Opportunity Fund
On December 19, 2019, the
U.S. Department of the Treasury and IRS issued final regulations (the “Opportunity Zone Regulations”) to provide guidance
with respect to qualified opportunity zones program requirements. The following discussion is based on the Opportunity Zone Regulations
which may be modified or revised subsequent to the date of this offering circular. You are urged to consult with your tax advisors regarding
the procedures you need to follow to defer capital gain through investing in a qualified opportunity fund and the tax consequences of
purchasing, owning or disposing of our common stock, including the federal, state and local tax consequences of investing capital gains
in our shares.
General
Under the Opportunity Zone
Regulations, an entity is able to “self-certify” as a qualified opportunity fund by filing a self-certification form and attaching
it to its federal income tax return. The Regulations permit entities to identify the initial taxable year in which the entity elects to
be a qualified opportunity fund and the first month within that year in which the entity elects to be treated as a qualified opportunity
fund. Entities do not need go through any special IRS approval process in order to become a qualified opportunity fund.
Asset Test
At least 90% of a qualified
opportunity fund’s assets must be qualified opportunity zone property (the “90% Asset Test”), determined as described
below. Qualified opportunity zone property includes (1) qualified opportunity zone stock, (2) qualified opportunity zone partnership interests
and (3) qualified opportunity zone business property.
Qualified Opportunity Zone Business Property.
Qualified opportunity zone business property is defined as tangible property used in a trade or business of a qualified opportunity
fund, if:
| · | the property was acquired by the qualified opportunity fund by purchase (defined in the Code as not acquired
from a related party) after December 31, 2017, |
| · | either the original use of the property in the qualified opportunity zone commences with the qualified
opportunity fund or the fund substantially improves the property and |
| · | during substantially all of the qualified opportunity fund’s holding period of the property, substantially
all of the use of the property was in a qualified opportunity zone. |
A property will be considered
to have been “substantially improved,” only if, during a 30-month period after acquisition of the property, additions to the
basis with respect to the property in the hands of the qualified opportunity fund exceed an amount equal to the adjusted basis of the
property at the beginning of that 30-month period in the hands of the qualified opportunity fund. Concurrently with the issuance of the
Opportunity Zone Regulations, the IRS issued a revenue ruling in which it clarified certain provisions of the “use” element
of the definition of qualified opportunity zone property. Initially, the revenue ruling provides that the cost of the land within the
qualified opportunity zone upon which the building is located is not included in the basis of the property, meaning that the qualified
opportunity fund does not need to separately improve the land for the property to constitute qualified opportunity zone property. Second,
the revenue ruling states that, if a building exists on the land at the time of its acquisition by a qualified opportunity fund, the building’s
“original use” did not commence with the qualified opportunity fund.
Qualified Opportunity Zone Stock. Qualified
opportunity zone stock means any stock in a domestic corporation, if:
| · | the stock is acquired by the qualified opportunity zone fund after December 31, 2017, from the issuer
(directly or through an underwriter) solely in exchange for cash, |
| · | at the time the stock was issued, the corporation was a qualified opportunity zone business and |
| · | during substantially all of the qualified opportunity fund’s holding period of the stock, the corporation
qualified as a qualified opportunity zone business. |
Qualified Opportunity Zone
Partnership Interest. Qualified opportunity zone partnership stock means any capital or profits interest in a domestic partnership,
if:
| · | the partnership interest is acquired by the qualified opportunity fund after December 31, 2017 from the
partnership for cash, |
| · | at the time the interest was acquired, the partnership was a qualified opportunity zone business and |
| · | during substantially all of the qualified opportunity fund’s holding period of the partnership interest,
the partnership qualified as a qualified opportunity zone business. |
Qualified Opportunity Zone
Business. A qualified opportunity zone business is one that meets the following criteria:
| · | substantially all (defined in the Regulations as 70%) of the tangible property owned or leased by the
partnership or corporation is qualified opportunity zone property, |
| · | at least 50% of the entity’s total gross income is derived from the active conduct of the business, |
| · | a substantial portion (defined in the Regulations as 40%) of any intangible property is used in the active
conduct of the business, |
| · | less than 5% of the aggregate unadjusted bases of the entity’s property is attributable to nonqualified
financial property and |
| · | the business does not include the operation of a golf course, country club, massage parlor, suntan facility,
racetrack, gambling establishment, liquor store or bar. |
Measuring the Assets. A
qualified opportunity fund must determine whether it meets the 90% Asset Test on each of: (i) the last day of the first six-month period
of its taxable year, and (ii) the last day of its taxable year (each a “Semiannual Test Date”). Subject to a one time six-month
cure period, for each month following a Semiannual Test Date in which a qualified opportunity fund fails to meet the 90% Asset Test it
will incur a penalty equal to: (a) the excess of 90% of the fund’s aggregate assets over the aggregate amount of qualified opportunity
zone property held by the fund, multiplied by (b) the short-term federal interest rate plus 3%. However, notwithstanding a qualified opportunity
fund’s failure to meet the 90% Asset Test, no penalty will be imposed if the fund demonstrates that its failure is due to reasonable
cause.
Taxpayer Deferral of Capital Gains
Deferred Gains. Only
capital gains, both long-term and short-term (including any capital gain treated as short-term capital gain under the “carried interest”
tax rules) that would otherwise be recognized before January 1, 2027 are eligible to be deferred. Generally, the Opportunity Zone Regulations
state that gain that can be deferred includes, without limitation, (1) capital gain dividends recognized by stockholders of RICs and REITs,
(2) unrecaptured Section 1250 gain on the sale of real estate and (3) collectibles gain (for example, artwork). The Opportunity Zone Regulations
provide that all of the deferred capital gain’s tax attributes are preserved, meaning the character of the gain as short-term or
long-term is retained.
Any gain that is not treated
as capital gain may not be deferred. Additionally, any gain that is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, including gain in
corporate reorganizations, certain partnership transactions and Section 1031 “like-kind” exchanges, is not eligible to be
deferred.
Date of Investment.
In order to be eligible for deferral, a taxpayer must invest capital gains in a qualified opportunity fund within 180 days after recognizing
the gain, or later in certain situations specified in the Regulations.
Taxation of Taxpayers.
Taxpayers will make deferral elections on Form 8949 (Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets), which will need to be attached
to their U.S. federal income tax returns for the taxable year in which the capital gain would have been recognized had it not been deferred.
In addition, on January 27, 2020, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) released new Form, 8997 (Initial and Annual
Statement of Qualified Opportunity Fund QOF Investments) which requires eligible taxpayers holding a qualified opportunity fund investment
at any point during the tax year to report: (i) qualified opportunity fund investments holdings at the beginning and end of the tax year;
(ii) current tax year capital gains deferred by investing in a qualified opportunity fund; and (iii) qualified opportunity fund investments
disposed of during the tax year.
The amount of the tax payable
by a taxpayer upon the disposition of an investment in a qualified opportunity fund is impacted by the application of the following rules:
| · | the taxpayer’s initial basis in a qualified opportunity fund is zero; |
| · | if the investment is held for at least 10 years, the taxpayer can elect to have the basis in that investment
equal its fair market value on the date it is sold or exchanged. |
The ability to elect to increase
the basis in the investment to its fair market value does not end in 2028, the year in which the qualified opportunity zone designations
terminate. The Regulations allow taxpayers to make this election for dispositions of investments purchased with eligible deferred gains
occurring after the expiration of the 10-year holding period and before January 1, 2048.
Taxation of our Company
General
We intend to elect to be taxed
as a REIT on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors such as the timing of our ability to
generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain our status as a qualified
opportunity fund. A REIT generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income that it distributes to stockholders if it meets
the applicable REIT distribution requirements and other requirements for qualification. See “Plan of Operations—Our Investments”
for additional details regarding the status of our investments.
We believe that our ownership,
form of organization and our operations through the date hereof and our proposed ownership, organization and method of operations thereafter
have enabled and will enable us to qualify as a REIT. Our qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend on our ability to meet on a
continuing basis, through actual operating results, asset composition, distribution levels, diversity of share ownership,
and various other qualification tests imposed under the Code discussed below. In addition, our ability to qualify as a REIT depends in
part upon the operating results, organizational structure and entity classification for U.S. federal income tax purposes of certain entities
in which we invest. Our ability to qualify as a REIT for a particular year also requires that we satisfy certain asset and gross income
tests during such year, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets in which we directly or indirectly own an interest.
Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations
for any taxable year will satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
Taxation of REITs in General
As indicated above, our qualification
and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs
by the Code. The material qualification requirements are summarized below under “—Requirements for Qualification—General.”
While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification,
or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Failure
to Qualify.”
So long as we qualify for
taxation as a REIT, we generally will be entitled to a deduction for dividends that we pay and therefore will not be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on our net income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates “double taxation”
(that is, taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from an investment in a corporation.
However, even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT,
we will be subject to federal income tax as follows:
| · | We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed “REIT taxable income.” REIT
taxable income is the taxable income of the REIT subject to specified adjustments, including a deduction for dividends paid. See “—Requirements
for Qualification—Annual Distribution Requirements.” |
| · | If we have net income from “prohibited transactions” we will be subject to a 100% tax on this
income. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business other than foreclosure property. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Prohibited Transactions.” |
| · | If we elect to treat property that we acquire with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold
terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may thereby avoid the 100% tax on gain from resale of that property (if the sale
would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the income from the sale or operation of the property will be subject to tax
at the highest corporate rate. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Prohibited Transactions” and “—Requirements
for Qualification—Foreclosure Property.” |
| · | If we fail to satisfy either the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test discussed below, but
nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the gross income
attributable to the greater of either (1) the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test for the taxable year or (2) the amount
by which we fail the 95% gross income test for the taxable year, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. See “—Requirements
for Qualification—Income Tests.” |
| · | If we fail to satisfy any of the REIT asset tests, as described below, other than a failure by a de minimis
amount of the 5% or 10% assets tests, and we qualify for and satisfy certain cure provisions, then we will be required to pay a tax equal
to the greater of $50,000 or the product of (x) the net income generated by the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed
to satisfy the asset tests and (y) the highest U.S. federal income tax rate then applicable to corporations. See “—Requirements
for Qualification—Asset Tests.” |
| · | If we fail to satisfy any provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT
(other than a gross income or asset test requirement) and that violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we
may retain our REIT qualification, but we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. See “—Requirements
for Qualification—Failure to Qualify.” |
| · | If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT because we fail to distribute by the end of the relevant
year any earnings and profits we inherit from a taxable C corporation during the year (e.g., by tax-free merger or tax-free liquidation),
and the failure is not due to fraud with intent to evade tax, we generally may retain our REIT status by paying a special distribution,
but we will be required to pay an interest charge on 50% of the amount of undistributed non-REIT earnings and profits. See “—Requirements
for Qualification—General.” |
| · | We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail
to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of our stockholders, as
described below in “—Requirements for Qualification—General.” |
| · | We will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the
sum of amounts actually distributed and amounts retained for which federal income tax was paid, if we fail to distribute during each calendar
year at least the sum of 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and any undistributed
taxable income from prior taxable years. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Annual Distribution Requirement.” |
| · | We will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on some payments we receive or on certain other amounts (or on
certain expenses deducted by our TRS) if arrangements among us, our tenants and/or our TRS are not comparable to similar arrangements
among unrelated parties. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Effect of Subsidiary Entities.” |
| · | We may be subject to tax on gain recognized in a taxable disposition of assets acquired by way of a tax-free
merger or other tax-free reorganization with a non-REIT corporation or a tax-free liquidation of a non-REIT corporation into us. Specifically,
to the extent we acquire any asset from a C corporation in a carry-over basis transaction and we subsequently recognize gain on a disposition
of such asset during a five-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset, then, to the extent of any “built-in
gain,” such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate, which is currently 21%. Built-in
gain means the excess of (i) the fair market value of the asset as of the beginning of the applicable recognition period over (ii) our
adjusted basis in such asset as of the beginning of such recognition period. See “—Requirements for Qualification—Tax
on Built-in Gains of Former C Corporation Assets.” |
| · | We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a stockholder
would: (1) include its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of
such gain to the stockholder) in its income, (2) be deemed to have paid its proportionate share of the tax that we paid on such gain and
(3) be allowed a credit for its proportionate share of the tax deemed to have been paid, with an adjustment made to increase the stockholders’
basis in our stock. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our Stock —Distributions
Generally.” |
| · | We may have subsidiaries or own interests in other lower-tier entities that are C corporations that will
elect, jointly with us, to be treated as our TRSs, the earnings of which would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax. See “—Requirements
for Qualification—Effect of Subsidiary Entities.” |
No assurance can be given
that the amount of any such U.S. federal income taxes will not be substantial. In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to
a variety of taxes other than U.S. federal income tax, including payroll taxes and state, local and foreign income, franchise, property
and other taxes on assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification
General
We intend to elect to be taxed
as a REIT under the Code on such date as determined by our Board of Directors, taking into consideration factors such as the timing of
our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain our
status as a qualified opportunity fund. In order to have so qualified, we must have met and continue to meet the requirements discussed
below, relating to our organization, ownership, sources of income, nature of assets and dividends of income to stockholders, unless otherwise
noted.
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust,
or association:
| (1) | that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| (2) | the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates
of beneficial interest; |
| (3) | that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for its election to be subject to tax as a REIT under
Sections 856 through 860 of the Code; |
| (4) | that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to applicable provisions of the
Code; |
| (5) | the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons for at least 335 days of each taxable
year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months; |
| (6) | during the last half of each taxable year not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares of which
is owned directly or indirectly by five or fewer “individuals,” as defined in the Code to include specified entities; |
| (7) | that makes an election to be taxable as a REIT, or has made this election for a previous taxable year,
which has not been revoked or terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS
that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status; |
| (8) | that uses a calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements
of the Code and regulations promulgated thereunder; |
| (9) | that has no earnings and profits from any non-REIT taxable year as of a successor to any subchapter C
corporation at the close of any taxable year; and |
| (10) | that meets other applicable tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and
the amount of its distributions. |
Conditions (1), (2), (3) and
(4) above must be met during the entire taxable year and condition (5) above must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of
12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) need not be satisfied during
a corporation’s initial tax year as a REIT.
We believe that after the
offering we will have sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy conditions (5) and (6) above. In addition, our charter
provides restrictions regarding the transfer of shares of our capital stock that are intended to assist us in satisfying the share
ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above (as described in “Description of Shares—Restriction on Ownership
of Shares.”). These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will be able to satisfy these share ownership requirements. In
addition, to the extent necessary to assist us in obtaining a sufficient number of stockholders to meet condition (5), we may issue 125
shares of a new series of preferred stock in a private offering.
We intend to comply with condition
(7) above by electing to be taxed as a REIT as part of our U.S. federal income tax return on such date as determined by our Board of Directors,
taking into consideration factors such as the timing of our ability to generate cash flows, our ability to satisfy the various requirements
applicable to REITs and our ability to maintain our status as a qualified opportunity fund.
To monitor its compliance
with condition (6) above, a REIT is required to send annual letters to its stockholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership
of its shares. If we comply with the annual letters requirement and we do not know or, exercising reasonable diligence, would not have
known of our failure to meet condition (6) above, then we will be treated as having met condition (6) above. If you fail or refuse to
comply with the demands, you will be required by Treasury Regulations to submit a statement with your tax return disclosing your actual
ownership of our shares and other information.
For purposes of condition
(8) above, we will use a calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to comply with the applicable recordkeeping
requirements.
In addition, as described
in condition (9) above, a REIT may not have any undistributed C corporation earnings and profits at the end of any taxable year. Upon
our election to be taxable as a REIT, any earnings and profits that we may have accumulated while we were taxable as a C corporation would
have to be distributed no later than the end of the first year for which we elect REIT status. If we fail to do so, we would not qualify
to be taxed as a REIT for that year and a number of years thereafter, unless we are able to rely on certain relief provisions.
The Code provides relief from
violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described below under “—Requirements for Qualification—Income Tests,”
in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and other requirements are met. REITs that take advantage
of this relief provision must pay a penalty tax that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, certain provisions of
the Code extend similar relief in the case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements (see “—Requirements for Qualification—Asset
Tests” below) and other REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect,
and other conditions are met. Again, REITs that take advantage of this relief provision must pay a penalty tax. If we fail to satisfy
any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief provisions would be available to enable us to maintain
our qualification as a REIT, and, if such relief provisions are available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.
Effect of Subsidiary Entities
Ownership of Partnership
Interests. A REIT that is a partner in a partnership (or a member of a limited liability company or other entity that is treated as
a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership based
on its interest in partnership capital, and will be deemed to earn its proportionate share of the partnership’s income. The assets
and gross income of the partnership retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of the gross income and asset tests
applicable to REITs, as described below.
Disregarded Subsidiaries.
If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary (including an entity that is treated as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal
income tax purposes) that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary,” the separate existence of that subsidiary is disregarded for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. Generally, a qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the capital stock of which
is owned by the REIT (either directly or through other disregarded subsidiaries). For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all assets, liabilities
and items of income, deduction and credit of the qualified REIT subsidiary will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit of the REIT itself. Our qualified REIT subsidiaries will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, but may
be subject to state and local taxation in some states. Certain other entities also may be treated as disregarded entities for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, generally including any wholly-owned domestic unincorporated entity that would be treated as a partnership if it
had more than one owner. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of any
such disregarded entity will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the owner of the disregarded
entity.
In the event that a disregarded
subsidiary of ours ceases to be wholly owned—for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other
than us or another disregarded subsidiary of ours—the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for federal
income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation.
Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements
applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities
of another corporation (other than a TRS). See “—Requirements for Qualification—Asset Tests” and “—Requirements
for Qualification—Income Tests.”
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.
A TRS is a corporation in which we directly or indirectly own stock and that jointly with us elects to be treated as our TRS under Section
856(l) of the Code. In addition, if we have a TRS that owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing more than 35% of the voting
power or value of a subsidiary corporation, that subsidiary would also be treated as our TRS. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal income
tax and state and local income tax, where applicable, as a regular C corporation.
Generally, a TRS can perform
impermissible tenant services without causing us to receive impermissible tenant services income from those services under the REIT income
tests. A TRS may also engage in other activities that, if conducted by us other than through a TRS, could result in the receipt of non-qualified
income or the ownership of non-qualified assets. However, several provisions regarding the arrangements between a REIT and its TRSs ensure
that a TRS will be subject to an appropriate level of U.S. federal income taxation. For example, a TRS is limited in its ability to deduct
interest payments made to us in excess of a certain amount. In addition, we will be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments
that we receive or certain other amounts or on certain expenses deducted by the TRS if the economic arrangements among us, our tenants
and/or the TRS are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.
We may own interests in one
or more TRSs that may perform certain services for our tenants, receive management fee income and/or hold interests in co-investments
and private equity real estate funds that might hold assets or generate income that could cause us to fail the REIT income or asset tests
or subject us to the 100% tax on prohibited transactions. Our TRSs may incur significant amounts of U.S. federal, state and local income
taxes.
The separate existence of
a TRS or other taxable corporation is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a TRS or other taxable corporation generally
would be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that we and our subsidiaries generate in the
aggregate, and may reduce our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
We are not treated as holding
the assets of a TRS or other taxable subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued
by a taxable subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the dividends paid to us from such taxable subsidiary, if any, as
income. This treatment can affect our income and asset test calculations, as described below. Because we do not include the assets and
income of TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities
to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries.
For example, we may use TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations to conduct activities that give rise to certain categories of income
such as management fees or activities that would be treated in our hands as prohibited transactions.
Subsidiary REITs
If any REIT in which we acquire
an interest fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, that failure could, depending on the circumstances, adversely
affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs
generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation that is not a REIT or a TRS, as
further described below.
Income Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we must
satisfy two gross income tests annually. First, at least 75% of our gross income generally must be derived from (1) rents from real property,
(2) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, (3) gains from the sale or other disposition
of real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) other than property held primarily
for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business, (4) dividends from other qualifying REITs and gain (other than
gain from prohibited transactions) from the sale of shares of other qualifying REITs, (5) other specified investments relating to real
property or mortgages thereon, and (6) for a limited time, temporary investment income. Interest and gain on debt instruments issued by
publicly offered REITs that are not secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property are not qualifying income for
the 75% test. Second, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and
certain other income and gains described below, must be derived from any combination of income qualifying under the 75% test and dividends,
interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities other than stock or securities held primarily for sale to customers
in the ordinary course of our trade or business.
Rents we receive will qualify
as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions
are met. First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received
or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “rents from real property” solely by reason of being based on a fixed
percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
This limitation does not apply,
however, where the lessee leases substantially all of its interest in the property to tenants or subtenants to the extent that the rental
income derived by the lessee would qualify as rents from real property had we earned the income directly. Second, rents received from
a “related party tenant” will not qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the gross income tests unless the tenant
is a TRS and either (i) at least 90% of the property is leased to unrelated tenants and the rent paid by the TRS is substantially comparable
to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for comparable space, or (ii) the property leased is a “qualified lodging facility,”
as defined in Section 856(d)(9)(D) of the Code, or a “qualified health care property,” as defined in Section 856(e)(6)(D)(i),
and certain other conditions are satisfied. A tenant is a related party tenant if the REIT, or an actual or constructive owner of 10%
or more of the REIT, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the tenant. Third, if rent attributable to personal property, leased
in connection with a lease of real property, is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent
attributable to the personal property will not qualify as rents from real property.
Generally, for rents to qualify
as rents from real property for the purpose of satisfying the gross income tests, we may provide directly only an insignificant amount
of services, unless those services are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of real property and
not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.” Accordingly, we may not provide “impermissible services”
to tenants (except through an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue and that meets other requirements or through a TRS)
without giving rise to “impermissible tenant service income.” Impermissible tenant service income is deemed to be at least
150% of the direct cost to us of providing the service. If the impermissible tenant service income exceeds 1% of our total income from
a property, then all of the income from that property will fail to qualify as rents from real property. If the total amount of impermissible
tenant service income from a property does not exceed 1% of our total income from the property, the services will not disqualify any other
income from the property that qualifies as rents from real property, but the impermissible tenant service income will not qualify as rents
from real property.
We may directly or indirectly
receive dividends from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These dividends generally are treated
as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such dividends will generally constitute
qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any dividends that we
receive from a REIT, however, will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% income tests.
We may receive various fees
in connection with our operations relating to the origination or purchase of whole loans secured by first mortgages and other loans secured
by real property. The fees will generally be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests if they are received
in consideration for entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by real property and the fees are not determined by the income
and profits of any person. Other fees generally are not qualifying income for purposes of either gross income test and will not be favorably
counted for purposes of either gross income test. Any fees earned by any TRS will not be included for purposes of the gross income tests.
We have not derived, and do
not anticipate deriving, rents based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person, rents from related party tenants and/or
rents attributable to personal property leased in connection with real property that exceeds 15% of the total rents from that property
in sufficient amounts to jeopardize our status as REIT. We also have not derived, and do not anticipate deriving, impermissible tenant
service income that exceeds 1% of our total income from any property if the treatment of the rents from such property as nonqualifying
rents would jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Interest income constitutes
qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% income test (as described above) to the extent that the obligation upon which such
interest is paid is secured by a mortgage on real property. For purposes of this analysis, real property includes ancillary personal property
whose value is less than 15% of the total value of the collateral. If we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that
is secured by both real property and other property, the fair market value of the personal property is 15% or more of the total value
of the collateral, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the
real property on the date that we acquired or originated the mortgage loan, then the interest income will be apportioned between the real
property and the other collateral, and our income from the arrangement will qualify for purposes of the 75% income test only to the extent
that the interest is allocable to the real property. Even if a loan is not secured by real property, or is undersecured, the income that
it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% income test.
We and our subsidiaries may
invest in the preferred equity of an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property. If the issuer of the preferred equity is taxed
as a partnership or an entity disregarded as separate from its owners for U.S. federal income tax purposes (aside from a qualified REIT
subsidiary), a REIT holding preferred equity generally will be treated as owing an interest in the underlying real estate for REIT purposes.
As a result, absent sufficient controls to ensure that the underlying real property is operated in compliance with the REIT rules, preferred
equity investments may jeopardize the REIT’s compliance with the REIT income and asset tests described below. In addition, the treatment
of interest-like preferred returns in a partnership or a disregarded entity (other than a qualified REIT subsidiary) also is not clear
under the REIT rules and could be treated as non-qualifying income. In addition to the risk of loss of REIT status due to nonqualifying
income, if the underlying property is dealer property, our gains from the sale of the property would be subject to a 100% tax. More importantly,
in many cases the status of debt-like preferred equity as debt or equity for tax purposes is unclear. If the issuer of the preferred equity
is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such preferred equity generally will be a nonqualifying asset unless the issuer
is a REIT, our own qualified REIT subsidiary, or a TRS.
If we fail to satisfy one
or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we are entitled
to relief under the Code. These relief provisions generally will be available if our failure to meet the tests is due to reasonable cause
and not due to willful neglect, we attach a schedule of the sources of our income to our federal income tax return and otherwise comply
with the applicable Treasury Regulations. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the
benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we intentionally
incur unexpectedly exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income, the IRS could conclude that the failure to satisfy the tests was not due
to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances involving us, we will fail to qualify
as a REIT. Even if these relief provisions apply, a tax would be imposed based on the amount of nonqualifying income.
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter
of our taxable year, we must satisfy five tests relating to the nature of our assets:
| (1) | at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items
and U.S. Government securities. Real estate assets include interests in real property (such as land, buildings, leasehold interests in
real property and personal property leased with real property if the rents attributable to the personal property would be rents from real
property under the income tests discussed above), interests in mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, shares in
other qualifying REITs, stock or debt instruments held for less than one year purchased with the proceeds from an offering of shares of
our stock or certain debt, and debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs; |
| (2) | not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities other than those in
the 75% asset class; |
| (3) | except for equity investments in REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries, other securities that qualify as
“real estate assets” for purposes of the test described in clause (1) or securities of our TRSs: the value of any one issuer’s
securities owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets; we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding
voting securities; and we may not own more than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer; |
| (4) | not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities of one or more TRSs;
and |
| (5) | not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by debt instruments of publicly
offered REITs that are not secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property. |
Securities for purposes of
the asset tests may include debt securities that are not fully secured by a mortgage on real property (or treated as such). However, the
10% value test does not apply to certain “straight debt” and other excluded securities, as described in the Code including,
but not limited to, any loan to an individual or estate, any obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT.
In addition, (a) a REIT’s interest as a partner in a partnership is not considered a security for purposes of applying the 10% value
test to securities issued by the partnership; (b) any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or another excluded
security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income is derived
from sources that would qualify for the 75% REIT gross income test; and (c) any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight
debt or another excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership to the extent of the REIT’s interest
as a partner in the partnership. In general, straight debt is defined as a written, unconditional promise to pay on demand or at a specific
date a fixed principal amount, and the interest rate and payment dates on the debt must not be contingent on profits or the discretion
of the debtor. In addition, straight debt may not contain a convertibility feature.
We believe that our assets
will comply with the above asset tests and that we can operate so that we can continue to comply with those tests. However, our ability
to satisfy these asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are
not susceptible to a precise determination and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. For example, we may hold significant
assets through a TRS or hold significant non-real estate assets (such as certain goodwill), and we cannot provide any assurance that the
IRS might not disagree with our determinations.
After initially meeting the
asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT if we fail to satisfy the 25%, 20% and 5% asset tests and
the 10% value limitation at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in the relative values of our assets (including changes
in relative values as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates). If the failure to satisfy the 25%, 20% or 5% asset
tests or the 10% value limitation results from an acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, the failure can be cured
by disposition of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records
of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take any available actions after the close of any quarter
as may be required to cure any noncompliance with the 25%, 20% or 5% asset tests or 10% value limitation. If we fail the 5% asset test
or the 10% asset test at the end of any quarter, and such failure is not cured within 30 days thereafter, we may dispose of sufficient
assets or otherwise satisfy the requirements of such asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which our identification
of the failure to satisfy those asset tests occurred to cure the violation, provided that the non-permitted assets do not exceed the lesser
of 1% of the total value of our assets at the end of the relevant quarter or $10,000,000. If we fail any of the other asset tests, or
our failure of the 5% and 10% asset tests is in excess of this amount, as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful
neglect and, following our identification of the failure, we filed a schedule in accordance with the Treasury Regulations describing each
asset that caused the failure, we are permitted to avoid disqualification as a REIT, after the 30 day cure period, by taking steps to
satisfy the requirements of the applicable asset test within six months after the last day of the quarter in which our identification
of the failure to satisfy the REIT asset test occurred, including the disposition of sufficient assets to meet the asset tests. In such
case we would be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the product of (x) the net income generated by the nonqualifying
assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the relevant asset test and (y) the highest U.S. federal income tax rate then applicable
to U.S. corporations.
In addition, see the discussion
of investments in preferred equity above under “Income Tests” and the discussion below under “Investments in Preferred
Equity” for a discussion of how such investments could impact our ability to meet the asset tests.
Sale-Leaseback Transactions
We may make investments in
the form of sale-leaseback transactions. We intend to treat these transactions as true leases for federal income tax purposes. However,
depending on the terms of any specific transaction, the IRS might take the position that the transaction is not a true lease but is more
properly treated in some other manner. If such recharacterization were successful, we would not be entitled to claim the depreciation
deductions available to an owner of the property. In addition, the recharacterization of one or more of these transactions might cause
us to fail to satisfy the asset tests or the income tests described above, and such failure could result in our failing to qualify as
a REIT. Alternatively, the amount or timing of income inclusion or the loss of depreciation deductions resulting from the recharacterization
might cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement described below for one or more taxable years absent the availability of the
deficiency dividend procedure or might result in a larger portion of our dividends being treated as ordinary income to our stockholders.
Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, we are
required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to (1)
the sum of (a) 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain and (b)
90% of the net income, after tax, from foreclosure property, minus (2) the sum of certain specified items of noncash income. For purposes
of the distribution requirements, any built-in gain (net of the applicable tax) we recognize during the applicable recognition period
that existed on an asset at the time we acquired it from a C corporation in a carry-over basis transaction will be included in our REIT
taxable income. See “Requirements for Qualification—Tax on Built-in Gains of Former C Corporation Assets” for a discussion
of the possible recognition of built-in gain. These distributions must be paid either in the taxable year to which they relate, or in
the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for the prior year and if paid with or before the first regular
dividend payment date after the declaration is made.
In order for distributions
to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions
must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is generally not a preferential dividend if the distribution is pro rata
among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock
as set forth in the REIT’s organizational documents. There is no de minimis exception with respect to preferential dividends. To
avoid paying preferential dividends, we must treat every stockholder of the class of shares with respect to which we make a distribution
the same as every other stockholder of that class, and we must not treat any class of shares other than according to its dividend rights
as a class. Under certain technical rules governing deficiency dividends, we could lose our ability to cure an under-distribution in a
year with a subsequent year deficiency dividend if we pay preferential dividends. Preferential dividends potentially include “dividend
equivalent redemptions.” Accordingly, we intend to pay dividends pro rata within each class, and to abide by the rights and preferences
of each class of our shares if there is more than one, and will seek to avoid dividend equivalent redemptions. (See “— Taxation
of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our Stock—Redemption or Repurchase by Us” below for a discussion of when redemptions
are dividend equivalent and measures we intend to take to avoid them.). If the IRS were to take the position that we inadvertently paid
a preferential dividend, we may be deemed either to (a) have distributed less than 100% of our REIT taxable income and be subject to tax
on the undistributed portion, or (b) have distributed less than 90% of our REIT taxable income and our status as a REIT could be terminated
for the year in which such determination is made if we were unable to cure such failure. We can provide no assurance that we will not
be treated as inadvertently paying preferential dividends.
To the extent that we do not
distribute (and are not deemed to have distributed) all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our
REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on these retained amounts at regular corporate tax rates.
We will be subject to a nondeductible
4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of amounts actually distributed and amounts retained for which U.S.
federal income tax was paid, if we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of:
| (1) | 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year; |
| (2) | 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and |
| (3) | any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years. |
A REIT may elect to retain
rather than distribute all or a portion of its net capital gains and pay the tax on the gains. In that case, a REIT may elect to have
its stockholders include their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gains in income as long-term capital gains and receive
a credit for their share of the tax paid by the REIT. For purposes of the 4% excise tax described above, any retained amounts would be
treated as having been distributed. Our stockholders would then increase their adjusted basis of their stock by the difference between
(a) the amounts of capital gain dividends that we designated and that they include in their taxable income minus (b) the tax that we paid
on their behalf with respect to that income.
To the extent that we have
available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of dividends that we must make
in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the character, in the hands
of our stockholders, of any dividends that are actually made as ordinary dividends or capital gains. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations—Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our Stock —Distributions Generally.”
We intend to make timely distributions
sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.
We anticipate that we will
generally have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to distribute such greater
amount as may be necessary to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. It is possible, however, that, from time to time, we may not
have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to fund required distributions as a result, for example, of differences in timing between
our cash flow, the receipt of income for GAAP purposes and the recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the effect
of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves, payment of required debt service or amortization payments, or the need
to make additional investments in qualifying real estate assets. The insufficiency of our cash flow to cover our distribution requirements
could require us to (1) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (2) borrow on unfavorable terms, (3) distribute amounts that would otherwise
be invested in future acquisitions or capital expenditures or used for the repayment of debt, (4) pay dividends in the form of taxable
stock dividends or (5) use cash reserves, in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Under some circumstances, we may
be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying dividends to stockholders in a later year, which
may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. We refer to such dividends as “deficiency dividends.”
Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. We will, however, be required to pay interest
based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Failure to Qualify
In the event we violate a
provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT, specified relief provisions will be available to us to avoid
such disqualification if (1) the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (2) we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each
failure to satisfy the provision and (3) the violation does not include a violation under the gross income or asset tests described above
(for which other specified relief provisions are available). This cure provision reduces the instances that could lead to our disqualification
as a REIT for violations due to reasonable cause. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, we will be entitled to this
statutory relief. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions of the Code do not apply, we will be
subject to tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Dividends to our stockholders in any year in which we are not a REIT
will not be deductible by us, nor will they be required to be made. In this situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings
and profits, and, subject to limitations of the Code, dividends to our stockholders will generally be taxable to stockholders who are
individual U.S. stockholders at a maximum rate of 20%, and dividends received by our corporate U.S. stockholders may be eligible for a
dividends received deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from
re-electing REIT status for the four taxable years following a year during which qualification was lost.
Tax on Built-in Gains of Former C Corporation Assets
If a REIT acquires an asset
from a C corporation in a transaction in which the REIT’s basis in the asset is determined by reference to the basis of the asset
in the hands of the C corporation (e.g., a tax-free reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code), the REIT may be subject to
an entity-level tax upon a taxable disposition during a five-year period following the acquisition date. The amount of the tax is determined
by applying the highest regular corporate tax rate, which is currently 21%, to the lesser of (i) the excess, if any, of the asset’s
fair market value over the REIT’s basis in the asset on the acquisition date, or (ii) the gain recognized by the REIT in the disposition.
The amount described in clause (i) is referred to as “built-in gain.” We do not believe we have acquired and do not currently
expect to acquire assets the disposition of which would be subject to the built-in gains tax but are not foreclosed from doing so in the
future.
Prohibited Transactions
Net income derived from prohibited
transactions is subject to a 100% tax. The term “prohibited transactions” generally includes a sale or other disposition of
property (other than foreclosure property) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
We intend to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as, or as having been, held
for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. Whether
property is held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the specific facts
and circumstances. The Code provides a safe harbor pursuant to which sales of properties held for at least two years and meeting certain
additional requirements will not be treated as prohibited transactions, but compliance with the safe harbor may not always be practical.
We intend to continue to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as held as inventory
or for sale to customers and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business.
However, part of our investment strategy is to purchase assets that provide an opportunity for gain through capital appreciation, and
we may sell such assets if beneficial opportunities arise. Therefore, no assurance can be given that any particular property in which
we hold a direct or indirect interest will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that the safe-harbor provisions will
apply. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income
will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate income tax rates. The potential application of the prohibited transactions
tax could cause us to forego potential dispositions of other property or to forego other opportunities that might otherwise be attractive
to us (such as developing property for sale), or to undertake such dispositions or other opportunities through a TRS, which would generally
result in corporate income taxes being incurred.
Foreclosure Property
Foreclosure property is real
property (including interests in real property) and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that is acquired by a REIT
as a result of the REIT having bid in the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession
by agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held
by the REIT and secured by the property, (2) for which the related loan or lease was made, entered into or acquired by the REIT at a time
when default was not imminent or anticipated and (3) for which such REIT makes an election to treat the property as foreclosure property.
REITs generally are subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 21%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including
any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject
to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property is held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of a trade or business.
Hedging Transactions
We may enter into hedging
transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest
rate swaps or cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the extent
provided by Treasury Regulations, any income from a hedging transaction (1) made in the normal course of our business primarily to manage
risk of interest rate or price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations
incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or own real estate assets, (2) entered into primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations
with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests (or any property that generates
such income or gain), or (3) that hedges against transactions described in clause (i) or (ii) and is entered into in connection with the
extinguishment of debt or sale of property that is being hedged against by the transaction described in clause (i) or (ii), and which
complies with certain identification requirements, including gain from the disposition or termination of such a transaction, will not
constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test. To the extent we enter into other types
of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both the
75% and 95% gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our ability to qualify
as a REIT. As a result of these rules, we may have to limit our use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which
could result in greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.
Investments Preferred Equity
We and our subsidiaries may
invest in the preferred equity of an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property. If the issuer of the preferred equity is taxed
as a partnership or an entity disregarded as separate from its owners for U.S. federal income tax purposes (aside from a qualified REIT
subsidiary), we generally will be treated as owing an interest in the underlying real estate for REIT purposes. As a result, absent sufficient
controls to ensure that the underlying real property is operated in compliance with the REIT rules, preferred equity investments may jeopardize
our compliance with the REIT income and asset tests described above. In addition, the treatment of interest-like preferred returns in
a partnership or disregarded entity (other than a qualified REIT subsidiary) also is not clear under the REIT rules and could be treated
as non-qualifying income. More importantly, in many cases the status of debt-like preferred equity as debt or equity for tax purposes
is unclear. The IRS could challenge our treatment of such preferred equity investment for purposes of applying the REIT income and asset
tests and, if such a challenge were sustained, we could fail to continue to qualify as REIT. In addition, if the issuer of the preferred
equity is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such preferred equity generally will be a nonqualifying asset unless the
issuer is a REIT, our own qualified REIT subsidiary, or TRS.
Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships
General. We currently
hold and anticipate holding direct or indirect interests in one or more partnerships, including the operating partnership. We will own
a direct interest in the operating partnership, and the operating partnership, in turn, owns our properties.
The following is a summary
of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of our investment in the operating partnership if the operating partnership is treated as
a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This discussion should also generally apply to any investment by the operating partnership
in a lower-tier property partnership.
A partnership (that is not
a publicly traded partnership taxed as a corporation) is generally not subject to tax as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Rather, partners are allocated their allocable share of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the partnership, and
are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive any distributions from the partnership. We are
required to take into account our allocable share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT gross income and asset tests,
and in the computation of our REIT taxable income and U.S. federal income tax liability. Further, there can be no assurance that distributions
from the operating partnership will be sufficient to pay the tax liabilities resulting from an investment in the operating partnership
or will be sufficient for us to make the distributions necessary for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT or avoid entity-level
taxes. However, as the general partner of the operating partnership, we intend to cause the operating partnership to generally make distributions
to us necessary for us to make distributions to our stockholders that will allow us to maintain our qualification as a REIT and to avoid
entity-level taxes, but no assurance can be given that the operating partnership will be able to make such distributions.
Generally, an entity with
two or more members formed as a partnership or non-corporate entity under state law will be taxed as a partnership for U.S. federal income
tax purposes unless it specifically elects otherwise or is treated as a corporation under special rules for “publicly traded partnerships.”
Because the operating partnership was formed as a partnership under state law, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the operating partnership
will be treated as a partnership, if it has two or more partners and is not treated as a corporation under the publicly traded partnership
rules, or a disregarded entity, if it is treated as having one partner. As a result, if the operating partnership becomes wholly owned
by us, it will cease to be a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and become a disregarded entity.
Domestic unincorporated entities
with more than one owner may be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including if the entity is a “publicly
traded partnership” that does not qualify for an exemption based on the character of its income. A partnership is a “publicly
traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code if:
| · | interests in the partnership are traded on an established securities market; or |
| · | interests in the partnership are readily tradable on a “secondary market” or the “substantial
equivalent” of a secondary market. |
A partnership whose interests
are not traded on an established securities market will not be treated as a publicly traded partnership if it qualifies for certain safe
harbors. We intend that interests in the operating partnership (and any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) will comply
with a “safe harbor” for partnerships with fewer than 100 partners to avoid being classified as a publicly traded partnership.
However, no assurance can be given that the operating partnership or any other partnership in which we indirectly hold an interest will
at all times satisfy such safe harbor. We reserve the right to not satisfy any safe harbor.
If the operating partnership
has greater than 100 partners for U.S. federal income tax purposes and did not meet any other safe harbor to avoid being treated as a
publicly traded partnership, there is a risk that the right of a holder of operating partnership common units to redeem the units for
cash (or common stock at our option) could cause operating partnership common units to be considered readily tradable on the substantial
equivalent of a secondary market. If the operating partnership is a publicly traded partnership, it will be taxed as a corporation unless
at least 90% of its gross income has consisted and will consist of “qualifying income” under Section 7704 of the Code. Qualifying
income generally includes real property rents and other types of passive income. The income requirements applicable to REITs under the
Code and the definition of qualifying income under the publicly traded partnership rules are very similar. Although differences exist
between these two income tests, we do not believe that these differences will cause the operating partnership to fail the 90% gross income
test applicable to publicly traded partnerships. However, there is sparse guidance as to the proper interpretation of this 90% gross income
test, and thus it is possible that differences will arise that prevent us from satisfying the 90% gross income test.
If for any reason the operating
partnership (or any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
the character of our assets and items of gross income would change, and as a result, we would most likely be unable to satisfy the applicable
REIT requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws discussed above. Further, if any partnership was treated as a corporation, items
of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such partnership would be subject to corporate income tax, and the partners of any such
partnership would be treated as stockholders, with distributions to such partners being treated as dividends.
Income Taxation of Partnerships
and their Partners. Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of a partnership’s income and losses
among the partners, such allocations may be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Code Section 704(b) and the Treasury
Regulations if the allocations do not have “substantial economic effect” and are not otherwise consistent with the partners’
interests in the partnership. If any allocation is not recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation
will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ economic interests in the partnership. We believe that the allocations of taxable
income and loss in the operating partnership agreement comply with the requirements of Code Section 704(b) and the Treasury Regulations.
In some cases, special allocations
of net profits or net losses will be required to comply with the U.S. federal income tax principles governing partnership tax allocations.
Additionally, pursuant to Code Section 704(c), income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to property contributed to the operating
partnership in exchange for units must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the
unrealized gain or loss attributable to the property at the time of contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or loss is generally
equal to the difference between the fair market value and the adjusted basis of the property at the time of contribution. These allocations
are designed to eliminate book-tax differences by allocating to contributing partners lower amounts of depreciation deductions and increased
taxable income and gain attributable to the contributed property than would ordinarily be the case for economic or book purposes. With
respect to any property purchased by the operating partnership, such property generally will have an initial tax basis equal to its fair
market value, and accordingly, Code Section 704(c) will not apply, except as described further below in this paragraph. The application
of the principles of Code Section 704(c) in tiered partnership arrangements is not entirely clear. Accordingly, the IRS may assert a different
allocation method than the one selected by the operating partnership to cure any book-tax differences. In certain circumstances, we create
book-tax differences by adjusting the values of properties for economic or book purposes and generally the rules of Code Section 704(c)
would apply to such differences as well.
Some expenses incurred in
the conduct of the operating partnership’s activities may not be deducted in the year they were paid. To the extent this occurs,
the taxable income of the operating partnership may exceed its cash receipts for the year in which the expense is paid. As discussed above,
the costs of acquiring properties must generally be recovered through depreciation deductions over a number of years. Prepaid interest
and loan fees, and prepaid management fees are other examples of expenses that may not be deducted in the year they were paid.
Congress recently revised
the rules applicable to federal income tax audits of partnerships (such as the operating partnership) and the collection of any tax resulting
from any such audits or other tax proceedings, generally for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Under the new rules, the
partnership itself may be liable for a hypothetical increase in partner-level taxes (including interest and penalties) resulting from
an adjustment of partnership tax items on audit, regardless of changes in the composition of the partners (or their relative ownership)
between the year under audit and the year of the adjustment. The new rules also include an elective alternative method under which the
additional taxes resulting from the adjustment are assessed against the affected partners, subject to a higher rate of interest than otherwise
would apply. Many questions remain as to how the new rules will apply, especially with respect to partners that are REITs (such as us),
and it is not clear at this time what effect this new legislation will have on us. However, these changes could increase the U.S. federal
income tax, interest, and/or penalties otherwise borne by us in the event of a federal income tax audit of the operating partnership or
one of its subsidiary partnerships.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Our Stock
The following summary describes
the material U.S. federal income tax considerations to you of purchasing, owning and disposing of our stock. This summary assumes you
hold shares of our stock as a “capital asset” (generally, property held for investment within the meaning of Section 1221
of the Code). It does not address all the tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances. In addition,
this discussion does not address the tax consequences relevant to persons who receive special treatment under the U.S. federal income
tax law, except where specifically noted. Holders receiving special treatment include, without limitation:
| · | financial institutions, banks and thrifts; |
| · | tax exempt entities (except to the extent discussed in “—Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders of
Our Stock”); |
| · | traders in securities that elect to mark to market; |
| · | partnerships, pass-through entities and persons holding our stock through a partnership or other pass-through
entity; |
| · | individual holders subject to the alternative minimum tax; |
| · | regulated investment companies and REITs; |
| · | non-U.S. corporations or partnerships, and persons who are not residents or citizens of the United States; |
| · | broker-dealers or dealers in securities or currencies; |
| · | persons holding our stock as part of a hedge, straddle, conversion, integrated or other risk reduction
or constructive sale transaction; |
| · | U.S. persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or |
| · | persons who receive our stock through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation. |
If you are considering purchasing
our stock, you should consult your tax advisors concerning the application of U.S. federal income tax laws to your particular situation
as well as any consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our stock arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S.
taxing jurisdiction.
When we use the term “U.S.
holder,” we mean a holder of shares of our stock who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:
| · | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| · | a corporation or partnership, including an entity treated as a corporation or partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof or in the District of Columbia
unless, in the case of a partnership, Treasury regulations provide otherwise; |
| · | an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| · | a trust, if (A) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration,
and one or more U.S. persons, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or
(2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If you hold shares of our
stock and are not a U.S. holder, a partnership or an entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, you are
a “non-U.S. holder.”
If a partnership or other
entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds shares of our stock, the tax treatment of a partner generally
will depend on the status of the partner and on the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships holding shares of our stock
are encouraged to consult their tax advisors.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our
Stock
Distributions Generally.
Distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as dividends and, other than with respect to capital
gain dividends and certain amounts which have previously been subject to corporate level tax, as discussed below, will be taxable to our
taxable U.S. holders as ordinary income when actually or constructively received. See “—Tax Rates” below. As long as
we qualify as a REIT, these distributions will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of U.S. holders that are
corporations, nor, except to the extent provided in “—Tax Rates” below, the preferential rates on qualified dividend
income applicable to non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals. For purposes of determining whether distributions to holders of
our stock are out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to our outstanding
preferred stock and then to our outstanding common stock.
To the extent that we make
distributions on our stock in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such stock, these distributions
will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to a U.S. holder. This treatment will reduce the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax
basis in such shares of stock by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits and in excess of a U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gain. Such gain
will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year. Under the QOZ statute, investors’
basis in their shares will not reflect invested capital until December 31, 2026.
Dividends we declare in October,
November, or December of any year and which are payable to a holder of record on a specified date in any of these months will be treated
as both paid by us and received by the holder on December 31 of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January
31 of the following year.
Capital Gain Dividends.
Dividends that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to our taxable U.S. holders as a gain from the sale or
disposition of a capital asset held for more than one year, to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for
the taxable year and may not exceed our dividends paid for the taxable year, including dividends paid the following year that are treated
as paid in the current year. U.S. holders that are corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends
as ordinary income. If we properly designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend then, except as otherwise required by
law, we presently intend to allocate a portion of the total capital gain dividends paid or made available to holders of all classes of
our capital stock for the year to the holders of each class of our capital stock in proportion to the amount that our total dividends,
as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to the holders of each such class of our capital stock for
the year bears to the total dividends, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, paid or made available to holders of all classes
of our capital stock for the year.
In addition, except as otherwise
required by law, we will make a similar allocation with respect to any undistributed long term capital gains which are to be included
in our stockholders’ long term capital gains, based on the allocation of the capital gains amount which would have resulted if those
undistributed long term capital gains had been distributed as “capital gain dividends” by us to our stockholders.
Retention of Net Capital
Gains. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain dividend, all or a portion of our net capital gains. If
we make this election, we would pay tax on our retained net capital gains. In addition, to the extent we so elect, a U.S. holder generally
would:
| · | include its pro rata share of our undistributed net capital gains in computing its long-term capital gains
in its return for its taxable year in which the last day of our taxable year falls, subject to certain limitations as to the amount that
is includable; |
| · | be deemed to have paid its share of the capital gains tax imposed on us on the designated amounts included
in the U.S. holder’s income as long-term capital gain; |
| · | receive a credit or refund for the amount of tax deemed paid by it; |
| · | increase the adjusted basis of its stock by the difference between the amount of includable gains and
the tax deemed to have been paid by it; and |
| · | in the case of a U.S. holder that is a corporation, appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for
the retained capital gains in accordance with Treasury regulations to be promulgated by the IRS. |
Net Operating Losses.
Holders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating or capital losses. Instead these losses are generally
carried over by us for potential offset against our future income.
Passive Activity Losses
and Investment Interest Limitations. Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. holder of our
stock will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. holders generally will not be able to apply any “passive
losses” against this income or gain. A U.S. holder may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gains from the disposition
of our stock and income designated as qualified dividend income, as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest
limitation, but in such case, the holder will be taxed at ordinary income rates on such amount. Other distributions made by our company,
to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the
investment interest limitation.
Acquisitions of Our
Stock. Under the QOZ Regulations, an eligible taxpayer may invest in a QOF by purchasing an eligible interest from a person other
than the QOF. The amount of this investment as to which a deferral election may be made equals the value of property which investor exchanged
for the eligible interest.
Dispositions of Our
Stock. A U.S. holder that sells or disposes of shares of stock will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in
an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale or other disposition
and the holder’s adjusted basis in the shares of stock for tax purposes. Except as provided below, this gain or loss will be long-term
capital gain or loss if the holder has held such stock for more than one year. However, if a U.S. holder recognizes loss upon the sale
or other disposition of stock that it has held for six months or less, after applying certain holding period rules, the loss recognized
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent the U.S. holder received distributions from us which were required to be treated
as long-term capital gains.
Under the QOZ program, disposition
of our stock prior to December 31, 2026 will also cause acceleration of any gain which the investor deferred by investing in the stock.
Disposition prior to holding the stock for ten years will cause the investor to lose the ability to obtain the possibility of a basis
step-up.
Redemption or Repurchase
by Us. A redemption or repurchase of shares of our stock will be treated under Section 302 of the Code as a distribution (and
taxable as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits as described above) unless the redemption or repurchase
satisfies one of the tests set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed or repurchased
shares. The redemption or repurchase generally will be treated as a sale or exchange if it:
| (i) | is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. stockholder; |
| (ii) | results in a “complete termination” of the U.S. stockholder’s stock interest in us;
or |
| (iii) | is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. stockholder, |
all within the meaning of Section 302(b) of the Code.
In determining whether any
of these tests has been met, shares of our capital stock, including the common stock and other equity interests in us, considered to be
owned by the U.S. stockholder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares of our capital
stock actually owned by the U.S. stockholder, must generally be taken into account. Because the determination as to whether any of the
alternative tests of Section 302(b) of the Code will be satisfied with respect to the U.S. stockholder depends upon the facts and circumstances
at the time that the determination must be made, U.S. stockholders are advised to consult their tax advisors to determine such tax treatment.
If a redemption or repurchase
of shares of our stock is treated as a distribution taxable as a dividend, the amount of the distribution will be measured by the amount
of cash and the fair market value of any property received. A U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in the redeemed or repurchased shares
of the stock for tax purposes generally will be transferred to its remaining shares of our stock, if any. If a U.S. stockholder owns no
other shares of our capital stock, under certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a related person or it may be lost entirely.
Proposed Treasury regulations issued in 2009, if enacted in their current form, would affect the basis recovery rules described above.
It is not clear whether these proposed regulations will be enacted in their current form or at all. Prospective investors should consult
their tax advisors regarding the federal income tax consequences of a redemption or repurchase of our stock.
If a redemption or repurchase
of shares of our stock is not treated as a distribution taxable as a dividend, it will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange in the
manner described under “—Dispositions of Our Stock.”
Foreign Accounts.
Certain payments made to “foreign financial institutions” in respect of accounts of U.S. holders at such financial institutions
may be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this withholding
provision on their ownership and disposition of our stock and the effective date of such provision. See “Additional Withholding
Tax on Payments Made to Foreign Accounts.”
Information Reporting
and Backup Withholding. We are required to report to our U.S. holders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar
year, and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a U.S. holder may be subject to backup withholding with
respect to dividends paid unless the U.S. holder is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required,
demonstrates this fact, or provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and
otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. holder that does not provide us with its correct
taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount
paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required
information is timely furnished to the IRS. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any
holders who fail to certify their non-foreign status. See “—Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of our Stock.”
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders of Our Stock
Dividend income from us and
gain arising upon a sale of our shares of stock generally will not be unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt holder, except
as described below. This income or gain will be unrelated business taxable income, however, if a tax-exempt holder holds its shares as
“debt-financed property” within the meaning of the Code. Generally, “debt-financed property” is property the acquisition
or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt holder.
For tax-exempt holders which
are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, or qualified group legal services
plans exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Code, respectively, income
from an investment in our shares will constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the organization is able to properly claim a
deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for specific purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our
shares. These prospective investors should consult their tax advisors concerning these “set aside” and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above,
however, a portion of the dividends paid by a “pension-held REIT” may be treated as unrelated business taxable income as to
certain trusts that hold more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. A REIT will not be a “pension-held REIT” if
it is able to satisfy the “not closely held” requirement without relying on the “look-through” exception with
respect to certain trusts or if such REIT is not “predominantly held” by “qualified trusts.” As a result of restrictions
on the transfer and ownership of our stock contained in our charter, we do not expect to be classified as a “pension-held REIT,”
and as a result, the tax treatment described above should be inapplicable to our holders. However, because our common stock is publicly
traded, we cannot guarantee that this will always be the case.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Stock
The following discussion addresses
the rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our stock by non-U.S. holders. These rules
are complex, and no attempt is made herein to provide more than a brief summary of such rules. Accordingly, the discussion does not address
all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation and does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences that may be relevant to a non-U.S.
holder in light of its particular circumstances. We urge non-U.S. holders to consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of federal,
state, local and non-U.S. income tax laws on the purchase, ownership, and disposition of shares of our stock, including any reporting
requirements.
Distributions Generally.
Distributions that are neither attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests, or “USRPIs,”
nor designated by us as capital gain dividends (except as described below) will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent
that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions ordinarily will be subject to withholding
of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions
are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a U.S. trade or business (through a U.S. permanent establishment,
where applicable). Under certain treaties, however, lower withholding rates generally applicable to dividends do not apply to dividends
from a REIT. If such a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business,
the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S.
holders are taxed on distributions, and also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a corporate non-U.S. holder.
Except as otherwise provided
below, we expect to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 30% on any distributions made to a non-U.S. holder unless:
| · | a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. holder files with us an IRS Form W-8BEN (or Form W-8BEN-E,
as applicable) evidencing eligibility for that reduced treaty rate; or |
| · | the non-U.S. holder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is income effectively
connected with the non-U.S. holder’s trade or business. |
Distributions in excess of
our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a non-U.S. holder to the extent that such distributions do not
exceed the adjusted basis of the holder’s stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. To the extent that such
distributions exceed the non-U.S. holder’s adjusted basis in such stock, they will give rise to gain from the sale or exchange of
such stock, the tax treatment of which is described below. Under FIRPTA (discussed below), we may be required to withhold 15% of the portion
of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. That being said, for withholding purposes, we expect
to treat all distributions as made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. However, amounts withheld should generally
be refundable if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and
profits, provided that certain conditions are met.
Capital Gain Dividends
and Distributions Attributable to a Sale or Exchange of USRPIs. Distributions to a non-U.S. holder that we properly designate
as capital gain dividends, other than those arising from the disposition of USRPI, generally should not be subject to U.S. federal income
taxation, unless:
| · | the investment in our stock is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s U.S.
trade or business (through a U.S. permanent establishment, where applicable), in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the
same treatment as U.S. holders with respect to such gain, except that a non-U.S. holder that is a non-U.S. corporation may also be subject
to the 30% branch profits tax or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, as discussed above; or |
| · | the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days
or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met, in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax at a rate of 30% on the non-U.S. holder’s capital gains (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty),
which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses of such non-U.S. holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of
the United States), provided the non-U.S. holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses. |
Pursuant to the Foreign Investment
in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, which is referred to as “FIRPTA,” distributions to a non-U.S. holder that are attributable
to gain from sales or exchanges by us of USRPI, whether or not designated as capital gain dividends, will cause the non-U.S. holder to
be treated as recognizing such gain as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Non-U.S. holders would generally be
taxed at the same rates applicable to U.S. holders, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax, and any non-U.S. holder that is
a foreign corporation may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income
tax treaty. We also will be required to withhold and to remit to the IRS 21% of any distribution to non-U.S. holders attributable to gain
from sales or exchanges by us of USRPIs. The amount withheld is creditable against the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax
liability. However, any distribution with respect to any class of stock which is “regularly traded” on an established securities
market located in the U.S. is not subject to FIRPTA, and therefore, not subject to the 21% U.S. withholding tax described above, if the
non-U.S. holder did not own more than 10% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution.
Instead, such distributions generally will be treated as ordinary dividend distributions and subject to withholding in the manner described
above with respect to ordinary dividends. In addition, distributions to certain non-U.S. publicly traded holders of our stock that meet
certain record-keeping and other requirements (“qualified stockholders”) are exempt from FIRPTA, except to the extent owners
of such qualified holders that are not also qualified holders own, actually or constructively, more than 10% of our capital stock. Furthermore,
distributions to “qualified foreign pension funds” or entities all of the interests of which are held by “qualified
foreign pension funds” are exempt from FIRPTA. Non-U.S. holders of our stock should consult their tax advisors regarding the application
of these rules.
Retention of Net Capital
Gains. Although the law is not clear on the matter, it appears that amounts designated by us as retained net capital gains in
respect of the stock held by U.S. holders generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. holders in the same manner as actual distributions
of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, the non-U.S. holders would be able to offset as a credit against their U.S. federal income
tax liability resulting from their proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such retained net capital gains and to receive from the
IRS a refund to the extent their proportionate share of such tax paid by us exceeds their actual U.S. federal income tax liability, provided
the non-U.S. holder furnishes required information to the IRS on a timely basis. If we designate any portion of our net capital gain as
retained net capital gain, a non-U.S. stockholder should consult its tax advisor regarding the taxation of such retained net capital gain.
Sale of Our Stock.
Except as described below, gain recognized by a non-U.S. holder upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our stock generally
will not be subject to U.S. taxation unless such stock constitutes a USRPI. In general, stock of a domestic corporation that constitutes
a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or USRPHC, will constitute a USRPI. We believe that we are a USRPHC. Our stock
will not, however, constitute a USRPI so long as we are a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.” A “domestically
controlled qualified investment entity” includes a REIT in which at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in
value of its stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders, subject to certain rules. For purposes of determining whether a
REIT is a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity,” a person who at all applicable times holds less than 5% of
a class of stock that is “regularly traded” is treated as a U.S. person unless the REIT has actual knowledge that such person
is not a U.S. person. We believe, but cannot guarantee, that we are a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.”
Because our common stock is (and, we anticipate, will continue to be) publicly traded, no assurance can be given that we will continue
to be a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.”
Notwithstanding the foregoing,
gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our stock not otherwise subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a non-U.S. holder
if either (a) the investment in our stock is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. trade or business
(through a U.S. permanent establishment, where applicable), in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as
U.S. holders with respect to such gain, except that a non-U.S. holder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to the 30% branch
profits tax or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, or (b) the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien
individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met, in which case
the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gains (reduced by certain capital losses).
In addition, even if we are
a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon disposition of our stock, a non-U.S. holder may be treated as having gain
from the sale or other taxable disposition of a USRPI if the non-U.S. holder (1) disposes of our stock within a 30-day period preceding
the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the sale or
exchange of a USRPI and (2) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, or is deemed to acquire, other shares of that stock
during the 61-day period beginning with the first day of the 30-day period described in clause (1). The preceding sentence shall not apply
to a non-U.S. holder if the non-U.S. holder did not own more than 5% of the stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the
date of the distribution described in clause (1) of the preceding sentence and the class of stock is “regularly traded,” as
defined by applicable Treasury regulations.
Even if we do not qualify
as a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity” at the time a non-U.S. holder sells our stock, gain arising from
the sale or other taxable disposition by a non-U.S. holder of such stock would not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA as a sale
of a USRPI if:
| · | such class of stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury regulations,
on an established securities market such as the NYSE American; and |
| · | such non-U.S. holder owned, actually and constructively, 10% or less of such class of stock throughout
the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or exchange or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period. |
In addition, dispositions
of our stock by qualified stockholders are exempt from FIRPTA, except to the extent owners of such qualified stockholders that are not
also qualified stockholders own, actually or constructively, more than 10% of our stock. An actual or deemed disposition of our stock
by such stockholders may also be treated as a dividend. Furthermore, dispositions of our stock by “qualified foreign pension funds”
or entities all of the interests of which are held by “qualified foreign pension funds” are exempt from FIRPTA. Non-U.S. holders
should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
If gain on the sale, exchange
or other taxable disposition of our stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. holder would be required to file a U.S.
federal income tax return and would be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax with respect to such gain in the same manner as a taxable
U.S. holder (subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien
individuals). In addition, if the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, and
if shares of the applicable class of our stock were not “regularly traded” on an established securities market, the purchaser
of such stock would be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 15% of the purchase price.
Redemption or Repurchase
by Us. A redemption or repurchase of shares of our stock will be treated under Section 302 of the Code as a distribution (and
taxable as a dividend to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) unless the redemption or repurchase satisfies
one of the tests set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code and is therefore treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed or repurchased
shares. See “Taxation of Taxable U.S. Holders of Our Stock—Redemption or Repurchase by Us.” If the redemption
or repurchase of shares is treated as a distribution, the amount of the distribution will be measured by the amount of cash and the fair
market value of any property received. See “Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Stock—Distributions Generally.”
If the redemption or repurchase of shares is not treated as a distribution, it will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange in the manner
described under “Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Stock—Sale of Our Stock.”
Information Reporting
Requirements and Backup Withholding. We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during
each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a holder of our stock may be subject
to backup withholding with respect to distributions unless the holder:
| · | is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this
fact; or |
| · | provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding,
and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
A holder who does not provide
us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding
generally may be claimed as a credit against the holder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion
of capital gain distributions to any holders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us.
Backup withholding will generally
not apply to payments of dividends made by us or our paying agents, in their capacities as such, to a non-U.S. holder provided that the
non-U.S. holder furnishes to us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as providing a valid IRS
Form W-8BEN or W-8ECI, or certain other requirements are met.
Notwithstanding the foregoing,
backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a U.S. person
that is not an exempt recipient. Payments of the proceeds from a disposition or a redemption that occurs outside the U.S. by a non-U.S.
holder made by or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However,
information reporting (but not backup withholding) generally will apply to such a payment if the broker has certain connections with the
U.S. unless the broker has documentary evidence in its records that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. holder and specified conditions
are met or an exemption is otherwise established. Payment of the proceeds from a disposition by a non-U.S. holder of stock made by or
through the U.S. office of a broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the non-U.S. holder certifies
under penalties of perjury that it is not a U.S. person and satisfies certain other requirements, or otherwise establishes an exemption
from information reporting and backup withholding.
Backup withholding is not
an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against the holder’s U.S.
federal income tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. Holders of our stock should consult their own tax
advisers regarding application of backup withholding to them and the availability of, and procedure for obtaining an exemption from, backup
withholding.
Tax Rates. The
maximum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers for long-term capital gains, including certain “capital gain dividends,” is generally
20% (although depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain
capital gain dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate). In addition, certain U.S. stockholders that are individuals, estates or trusts are
required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends and capital gains from the sale or other disposition
of stock. Capital gain dividends will only be eligible for the rates described above to the extent they are properly designated by us
as “capital gain dividends.” In general, dividends payable by a REIT that are not “capital gains dividends” are
subject to tax at the tax rates applicable to ordinary income, the maximum rate of which for individuals is 37%. Dividends that a REIT
properly designates as “qualified dividend income,” however, are subject to a maximum tax rate of 20% in the case of non-corporate
taxpayers. In general, dividends payable by a REIT are only eligible to be taxed as qualified dividend income to the extent that the taxpayer
satisfies certain holding requirements with respect to the REIT’s stock and the REIT’s dividends are attributable to dividends
received by the REIT from certain taxable corporations (such as its taxable REIT subsidiaries) or to income that was subject to tax at
the corporate/REIT level (for example, if the REIT distributed taxable income that it retained and paid tax on in the prior taxable year).
In addition, certain U.S. stockholders that are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on,
among other things, dividends and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of stock. Prospective investors should consult their
tax advisors regarding the tax rates applicable to them in light of their particular circumstances. For taxable years prior to 2026, individual
stockholders are generally allowed to deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends distributed by us, subject to certain limitations,
which would reduce the maximum marginal effective federal income tax rate for individuals on the receipt of such ordinary dividends to
29.6%.
Additional Withholding
Tax on Payments Made to Foreign Accounts. Withholding taxes may be imposed under Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (such sections
commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S. financial institutions
and certain other non-U.S. entities (including payments to U.S. holders who hold shares of our stock through such a foreign financial
institution or non-U.S. entity). Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends on our stock, interest on our debt securities,
or gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our stock or debt securities, in each case paid to a “foreign financial
institution” or a “non-financial foreign entity” (each as defined in the Code), unless (1) the foreign financial institution
undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any “substantial
United States owners” (as defined in the Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner,
or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the
payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence and reporting requirements in clause (1) above, it must enter
into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury under which it undertakes, among other things, to identify accounts held by
certain “specified United States persons” or “United States-owned foreign entities” (each as defined in the Code),
annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions
and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with
the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.
Under the applicable Treasury
regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally applies to payments of dividends on our stock or interest on
our debt securities, and will apply to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of such stock or debt securities
on or after January 1, 2019.
Prospective investors should
consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to their investment in our capital stock or
debt securities.
Possible Legislative or Other Actions Affecting Tax Consequences
Prospective stockholders should
recognize that the present U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in us may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative
action at any time and that any such action may affect investments and commitments previously made. The rules dealing with U.S. federal
income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department,
resulting in revisions of regulations and revised interpretations of established concepts as well as statutory changes. Revisions in U.S.
federal tax laws and interpretations of these laws could adversely affect the tax consequences of your investment.
On December 22, 2017, H.R.
1, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law. The Tax Act makes major changes to the
Code, including a number of provisions of the Code that may affect the taxation of REITs and the holders of their securities. The most
significant of these provisions are described below. The individual and collective impact of these changes on REITs and their security
holders is uncertain and may not become evident for some period of time. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding
the implications of the Tax Act on their investment.
Revised Individual Tax Rates and Deductions
The Tax Act adjusted the tax
brackets and reduced the top federal income tax rate for individuals from 39.6% to 37%. In addition, numerous deductions were eliminated
or limited, including the deduction for state and local taxes being limited to $10,000 per year. These individual income tax changes are
generally effective beginning in 2018, but without further legislation, they will sunset after 2025.
Pass-Through Business Income Tax Rate Lowered through Deduction
Under the Tax Act, individuals,
trusts, and estates generally may deduct 20% of “qualified business income” (generally, domestic trade or business income
other than certain investment items) of a partnership, S corporation, or sole proprietorship. In addition, “qualified REIT dividends”
(i.e., REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income
eligible for capital gain tax rates) and certain other income items are eligible for the deduction. The deduction, however, is subject
to complex limitations to its availability. As with the other individual income tax changes, the provisions related to the deduction are
effective beginning in 2018, but without further legislation, they will sunset after 2025.
Maximum Corporate Tax Rate Reduced Elimination of Corporate Alternative
Minimum Tax
The Tax Act reduced the maximum
corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and reduced the dividends received deduction for certain corporate subsidiaries. The Tax Act
also permanently eliminated the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT). These provisions are effective beginning in 2018. A corporate
AMT was reintroduced in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, effective August 12, 2022.
Net Operating Loss Modifications
The Tax Act limited the net
operating loss (“NOL”) deduction to 80% of taxable income (before the deduction). The Tax Act also generally eliminated NOL
carrybacks for individuals and non-REIT corporations (NOL carrybacks did not apply to REITs under prior law) but allows indefinite NOL
carryforwards. The new NOL rules apply beginning in 2018. The NOL rules have been modified by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic
Security Act, effective March 27, 2020.
Limitations on Interest Deductibility
The Tax Act limits the net
interest expense deduction of a business to 30% of the sum of adjusted taxable income, business interest, and certain other amounts. The
Tax Act allows a real property trade or business to elect out of such limitation so long as it uses the alternative depreciation system
which lengthens the depreciation recovery period with respect to certain property. The limitation with respect to the net interest expense
deduction applies beginning in 2018.
Withholding Rate Reduced
The Tax Act reduced the highest
rate of withholding with respect to distributions to non-U.S. holders that are treated as attributable to gains from the sale or exchange
of U.S. real property interests from 35% to 21%. These provisions are effective beginning in 2018.
Other Tax Consequences
State, local and non-U.S.
income tax laws may differ substantially from the corresponding federal income tax laws, and this discussion does not purport to describe
any aspect of the tax laws of any state, local or non-U.S. jurisdiction, or any federal tax other than the income tax. Prospective investors
should consult their tax advisor regarding the effect of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws with respect to our tax treatment as a REIT
and on an investment in our stock.
ERISA
Considerations
The Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), is a broad statutory framework that governs most U.S. retirement and other U.S.
employee benefit plans. ERISA and the rules and regulations of the Department of Labor (the “DOL”) under ERISA contain provisions
that should be considered by fiduciaries of employee benefit plans subject to the provisions of Title I of ERISA (“ERISA Plans”)
and their legal advisors. In particular, a fiduciary of an ERISA Plan should consider whether an investment in shares of our common stock
(or, in the case of a participant-directed defined contribution plan (a “Participant-Directed Plan”), making shares of our
common stock available for investment under the Participant-Directed Plan) satisfies the requirements set forth in Part 4 of Title I of
ERISA, including the requirements that (1) the investment satisfy the prudence and diversification standards of ERISA, (2) the investment
be in the best interests of the participants and beneficiaries of the ERISA Plan, (3) the investment be permissible under the terms of
the ERISA Plan’s investment policies and governing instruments and (4) the investment does not give rise to a non-exempt prohibited
transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.
In determining whether an
investment in shares of our common stock (or making our shares available as an investment option under a Participant-Directed Plan) is
prudent for ERISA purposes, a fiduciary of an ERISA Plan should consider all relevant facts and circumstances including, without limitation,
possible limitations on the transferability of shares of our common stock, whether the investment provides sufficient liquidity in light
of the foreseeable needs of the ERISA Plan (or the participant account in a Participant-Directed Plan), and whether the investment is
reasonably designed, as part of the ERISA Plan’s portfolio, to further the ERISA Plan’s purposes, taking into consideration
the risk of loss and the opportunity for gain (or other return) associated with the investment. It should be noted that we will invest
our assets in accordance with the investment objectives and guidelines described herein, and that neither our Manager nor any of its affiliates
has any responsibility for developing any overall investment strategy for any ERISA Plan (or the participant account in a Participant-Directed
Plan) or for advising any ERISA Plan (or participant in a Participant-Directed Plan) as to the advisability or prudence of an investment
in us. Rather, it is the obligation of the appropriate fiduciary for each ERISA Plan (or participant in a Participant-Directed Plan) to
consider whether an investment in shares of our common stock by the ERISA Plan (or making such shares available for investment under a
Participant-Directed Plan in which event it is the obligation of the participant to consider whether an investment in shares of our common
stock is advisable), when judged in light of the overall portfolio of the ERISA Plan, will meet the prudence, diversification and other
applicable requirements of ERISA.
Section 406 of ERISA and Section
4975 of the Code prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan, as well as those plans that are not subject to ERISA
but that are subject to Section 4975 of the Code, such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and non-ERISA Keogh plans
(collectively with ERISA Plans, “Plans”), and certain persons (referred to as “parties in interest” for purposes
of ERISA or “disqualified persons” for purposes of the Code) having certain relationships to Plans, unless a statutory or
administrative exemption is applicable to the transaction. A party in interest or disqualified person who engages in a non-exempt prohibited
transaction may be subject to non-deductible excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code, and the transaction
might have to be rescinded. In addition, a fiduciary who causes an ERISA Plan to engage in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be
personally liable for any resultant loss incurred by the ERISA Plan and may be subject to other potential remedies.
A Plan that proposes to invest
in shares of our common stock (or to make our shares available for investment under a Participant-Directed Plan) may already maintain
a relationship with our Manager or one or more of its affiliates, as a result of which our Manager or such affiliate may be a “party
in interest” under ERISA or a “disqualified person” under the Code, with respect to such Plan (e.g., if our Manager
or such affiliate provides investment management, investment advisory or other services to that Plan). ERISA (and the Code) prohibits
plan assets from being used for the benefit of a party in interest (or disqualified person). This prohibition is not triggered by “incidental”
benefits to a party in interest (or disqualified person) that result from a transaction involving the Plan that is motivated solely by
the interests of the Plan. ERISA (and the Code) also prohibits a fiduciary from using its position to cause the Plan to make an investment
from which the fiduciary, its affiliates or certain parties in which it has an interest would receive a fee or other consideration or
benefit. In this circumstance, Plans that propose to invest in shares of our common stock should consult with their counsel to determine
whether an investment in shares of our common stock would result in a transaction that is prohibited by ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.
If our assets were considered
to be assets of a Plan (referred to herein as “Plan Assets”), our management might be deemed to be fiduciaries of the investing
Plan. In this event, the operation of the company could become subject to the restrictions of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited
transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA and/or the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the Code.
The DOL has promulgated a
final regulation under ERISA, 29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-101 (as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA, the “Plan Assets Regulation”),
that provides guidelines as to whether, and under what circumstances, the underlying assets of an entity will be deemed to constitute
Plan Assets for purposes of applying the fiduciary requirements of Title I of ERISA (including the prohibited transaction rules of Section
406 of ERISA) and the prohibited transaction provisions of Code Section 4975.
Under the Plan Assets Regulation,
the assets of an entity in which a Plan or IRA makes an equity investment will generally be deemed to be assets of such Plan or IRA unless
the entity satisfies one of the exceptions to this general rule. Generally, the exceptions require that the investment in the entity be
one of the following:
| · | in securities issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act; |
| · | in “publicly offered securities,” defined generally as interests that are “freely transferable,”
“widely held” and registered with the SEC; |
| · | in an “operating company” which includes “venture capital operating companies”
and “real estate operating companies;” or |
| · | in which equity participation by “benefit plan investors” is not significant (i.e., under
25%). |
The shares will constitute
an “equity interest” for purposes of the Plan Assets Regulation, and the shares may not constitute “publicly offered
securities” for purposes of the Plan Assets Regulation. In addition, the shares will not be issued by a registered investment company.
The 25% Limit. Under
the Plan Assets Regulation, and assuming no other exemption applies, an entity’s assets would be deemed to include “plan assets”
subject to ERISA on any date if, immediately after the most recent acquisition of any equity interest in the entity, 25% or more of the
value of any class of equity interests in the entity is held by “benefit plan investors” (the “25% Limit”). For
purposes of this determination, the value of equity interests held by a person (other than a benefit plan investor) that has discretionary
authority or control with respect to the assets of the entity or that provides investment advice for a fee with respect to such assets
(or any affiliate of such a person) is disregarded. The term “benefit plan investor” is defined in the Plan Assets Regulation
as (a) any employee benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) that is subject to the provisions of Title I of ERISA, (b) any
plan that is subject to Section 4975 of the Code and (c) any entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of a plan’s
investment in the entity (to the extent of such plan’s investment in the entity). Thus, while our assets would not be considered
to be “plan assets” for purposes of ERISA so long as the 25% Limit is not exceeded. Our charter provides that if benefit plan
investors exceed the 25% Limit, we may redeem their interests at a price equal to the then current NAV per Share price. We intend to rely
on this aspect of the Plan Assets Regulation. See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies” and “NAV Per Share Adjustments”
for more details.
IRAs. Our charter provides
that, in the event we determine in our discretion that there is a material likelihood that we would be a fiduciary under applicable law
with respect to an investor that is subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code (e.g., an IRA), we have the authority to redeem such
investor’s interests at a price equal to the then current NAV per Share price. See “Plan of Operation—Valuation Policies”
and “NAV Per Share Adjustments” for more details.
Operating Companies.
Under the Plan Assets Regulation, an entity is an “operating company” if it is primarily engaged, directly or through a majority-owned
subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or service other than the investment of capital. In addition, the Plan
Assets Regulation provides that the term operating company includes an entity qualifying as a real estate operating company (“REOC”)
or a venture capital operating company (“VCOC”). An entity is a REOC if: (i) on its “initial valuation date and on at
least one day within each annual valuation period,” at least 50% of the entity’s assets, valued at cost (other than short-term
investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors) are invested in real estate that is managed or developed and with
respect to which such entity has the right to substantially participate directly in management or development activities; and (ii) such
entity in the ordinary course of its business is engaged directly in the management and development of real estate during the 12-month
period. The “initial valuation date” is the date on which an entity first makes an investment that is not a short-term investment
of funds pending long-term commitment. An entity’s “annual valuation period” is a pre-established period not exceeding
90 days in duration, which begins no later than the anniversary of the entity’s initial valuation date. Certain examples in the
Plan Assets Regulation clarify that the management and development activities of an entity looking to qualify as a REOC may be carried
out by independent contractors (including, in the case of a partnership, affiliates of the general partner) under the supervision of the
entity. An entity will qualify as a VCOC if (i) on its initial valuation date and on at least one day during each annual valuation period,
at least 50% of the entity’s assets, valued at cost, consist of “venture capital investments,” and (ii) the entity,
in the ordinary course of business, actually exercises management rights with respect to one or more of its venture capital investments.
The Plan Assets Regulation defines the term “venture capital investments” as investments in an operating company (other than
a VCOC) with respect to which the investor obtains management rights.
If the 25% Limit is exceeded
and we do not exercise our right to redeem benefit plan investors as described above, we may try to operate in a manner that will enable
us to qualify as a VCOC or a REOC or to meet such other exception as may be available to prevent our assets from being treated as assets
of any investing Plan for purposes of the Plan Assets Regulation. Accordingly, we believe, on the basis of the Plan Assets Regulation,
that our underlying assets should not constitute “plan assets” for purposes of ERISA. However, no assurance can be given that
this will be the case.
If our assets are deemed to
constitute “plan assets” under ERISA, certain of the transactions in which we might normally engage could constitute a non-exempt
“prohibited transaction” under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. In such circumstances, in our sole discretion, we may void
or undo any such prohibited transaction, and we may require each investor that is a “benefit plan investor” to redeem their
shares upon terms that we consider appropriate.
Prospective investors that
are subject to the provisions of Title I of ERISA and/or Code Section 4975 should consult with their counsel and advisors as to the provisions
of Title I of ERISA and/or Code Section 4975 relevant to an investment in shares of our common stock.
As discussed above, although
IRAs and non-ERISA Keogh plans are not subject to ERISA, they are subject to the provisions of Section 4975 of the Code, prohibiting transactions
with “disqualified persons” and investments and transactions involving fiduciary conflicts. A prohibited transaction or conflict
of interest could arise if the fiduciary making the decision to invest has a personal interest in or affiliation with our company or any
of its respective affiliates. In the case of an IRA, a prohibited transaction or conflict of interest that involves the beneficiary of
the IRA could result in disqualification of the IRA. A fiduciary for an IRA who has any personal interest in or affiliation with our company
or any of its respective affiliates, should consult with his or her tax and legal advisors regarding the impact such interest may have
on an investment in our shares with assets of the IRA.
Shares sold by us may be purchased
or owned by investors who are investing Plan assets. Our acceptance of an investment by a Plan should not be considered to be a determination
or representation by us or any of our respective affiliates that such an investment is appropriate for a Plan. In consultation with its
advisors, each prospective Plan investor should carefully consider whether an investment in our company is appropriate for, and permissible
under, the terms of the Plan’s governing documents.
Governmental plans, foreign
plans and most church plans, while not subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or the provisions of Code Section 4975,
may nevertheless be subject to local, foreign, state or other federal laws that are substantially similar to the foregoing provisions
of ERISA and the Code. Fiduciaries of any such plans should consult with their counsel and advisors before deciding to invest in shares
of our common stock.
The DOL has issued a final
regulation significantly expanding the concept of “investment advice” for purposes of determining fiduciary status under ERISA.
The DOL recognized that transactions such as the mere offering of the shares to sophisticated Plans could be characterized as fiduciary
investment advice under this new regulation absent an exception and that such potential for fiduciary status would not be appropriate
in these contexts. Accordingly, the DOL provided an exception based upon satisfaction of certain factual conditions and we may elect to
ensure these conditions are satisfied in connection with the offering of the shares. Finally, fiduciaries of Plans should be aware that
the Manager is not undertaking to provide impartial investment advice or to give advice in a fiduciary capacity in connection with the
offering or purchase of shares and that the Manager has financial interests associated with the purchase of shares including the fees
and other allocations and distributions they may receive from us as a result of the purchase of shares by a Plan.
Form 5500. Plan administrators
of ERISA Plans that acquire shares may be required to report compensation, including indirect compensation, paid in connection with the
ERISA Plan’s investment in shares on Schedule C of Form 5500 (Annual Return/Report of Employee Benefit Plan). The descriptions in
this memorandum of fees and compensation, including the fees paid to the Manager, are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirement for
“eligible indirect compensation,” for which an alternative reporting procedure on Schedule C of Form 5500 may be available.
Plan
of Distribution
We are offering a maximum
of up to $74,980,000 in shares of our common stock on a “best efforts” basis. We are offering the shares at $100.00 per share.
In the future we may amend the offering price of our shares to reflect material changes in the fund by amending this document with the
SEC. We may pursue an adjusted offering price at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. The minimum investment amount for initial
purchases of shares of our common stock is 100 shares, or $10,000 based on the initial offering price per share. We may terminate this
offering at any time. We have no arrangement providing for the return of funds to subscribers in the event the offering terminates without
all $74,980,000 in shares being sold.
This Offering Circular, once
qualified, will supersede the Company’s previous Offering Circulars with respect to the common stock, including but not limited
to the Offering Circular originally qualified on January 5, 2021 (the “Prior Offering Statement”). To date, we have accepted
gross proceeds of approximately $2,863,300 from selling 28,683 shares of common stock under the Prior Offering Statement. This Offering
Circular does not include any shares of qualified but unsold securities covered by the Prior Offering Statement.
We will offer shares of our
common stock on a best efforts basis. Because this is a “best efforts” offering, we are only required to use our best efforts
to sell shares of our common stock. Neither Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC nor any other affiliated entity involved in the offer and sale
of the shares being offered hereby is a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, and no person associated
with us will be deemed to be a broker solely by reason of his or her participation in the sale of shares of our common stock.
We intend to offer our shares
directly to investors and not through any underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents who would be paid commissions by us or any of
our affiliates. In the future, however, we may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealer-managers or other agents to participate
in this offering. The amount of selling commissions or dealer-manager fees that we or our investors would pay to such underwriters, dealer-managers
or other agents will depend on the terms of their engagement.
This offering circular will
be furnished to prospective investors upon their request via electronic PDF format and will be available for viewing and download 24 hours
per day, 7 days per week on our website, as well as on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
In order to subscribe to purchase
shares of our common stock, a prospective investor must electronically complete, sign and deliver to us an executed subscription agreement
like the one attached to this offering circular as Appendix A, and wire funds for its subscription amount in accordance with the
instructions provided therein.
Settlement may occur up to
30 days after a prospective investor submits a subscription agreement, depending on the volume of subscriptions received. Shares of our
common stock will be issued to the subscriber as of the date of settlement, which will not occur until an investor’s funds have
cleared and we issue the shares of our common stock.
The number of shares issued
to an investor will be calculated based on the price per share in effect on the date we receive the subscription.
We reserve the right to reject
any investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we determine in our sole and absolute discretion that
such investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Section 18(b)(4)(D)(ii) of the Securities Act. If the offering
terminates or if any prospective investor’s subscription is rejected, all funds received from such investors will be returned without
interest or deduction.
Please review our Q&A
section beginning on page 41 and our Risk Factors beginning on page 9 for more information.
Length of Offering
The number of shares that
are covered by the offering statement of which this offering circular forms a part is the number that we reasonably expected to be offered
and sold within two years from the initial qualification date of the offering statement. Under applicable SEC rules, we may extend this
offering one additional year as all of the shares covered by the offering statement have not yet been sold. With the filing of an offering
statement for a subsequent offering, we may also be able to extend this offering beyond three years until the follow-on offering statement
is declared qualified (but in any event not more than an additional 180 calendar days).
The Company intends to offer
the shares described herein on a continuous and ongoing basis pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3)(i)(F). This Offering will commence upon qualification
of the offering statement, and will terminate on the earliest to occur of: (a) the date upon which the Company raises $74,980,000 in the
offering; (b) three years from the date of qualification of this offering (the “Termination Date”); or (c) the date the Manager
elects to terminate the offering; provided, however, that if a new offering statement has been filed pursuant to Rule 251(d)(3)(i)(F),
securities covered by this offering statement may continue to be offered and sold until the earlier of the qualification date of the new
offering statement or 180 calendar days after the third anniversary of the initial qualification date of this offering statement.
Pursuant to this offering
circular, we are offering to the public up to $74,980,000 of the shares covered by the offering statement of which this offering circular
forms a part. Under the terms of this offering, we are only allowed to raise up to $74,980,000 in any 12-month period (although we may
raise capital in other ways). Although the offering statement covers a fixed dollar amount of our shares, we intend effectively to conduct
a continuous offering of the maximum number of shares of our common stock that we are permitted to sell pursuant to Regulation A over
an unlimited time period by filing a new offering statement prior to the end of the three-year period described in Rule 251(d)(3). We
reserve the right to terminate this offering at any time and to extend our offering term to the extent permissible under applicable law.
Investment Criteria and Minimum Investment Amount
The shares of our common stock
are being offered and sold only to “qualified purchasers” (as defined in Regulation A under the Securities Act). As a Tier
2 offering pursuant to Regulation A under the Securities Act, this offering will be exempt from state “Blue Sky” law review,
subject to certain state filing requirements and anti-fraud provisions, to the extent that the shares of our common stock offered hereby
are offered and sold only to “qualified purchasers” or at a time when the shares of our common stock are listed on a national
securities exchange. See “STATE Law Exemption and Purchase Restrictions” for
the definition of “qualified purchasers” and other investment criteria that may apply. We reserve the right to reject any
investor’s subscription in whole or in part for any reason, including if we determine in our sole and absolute discretion that such
investor is not a “qualified purchaser” for purposes of Regulation A.
The minimum investment required
in this offering is 100 shares of common stock, or $10,000 based on the initial offering price of $100.00 per share, provided that our
Manager has the discretion to accept smaller investments. Pursuant to a board policy, you may not transfer your shares of common stock
in a manner that causes you or your transferee to own fewer than the number of shares of common stock required to meet the minimum purchase
requirements, except for the following transfers without consideration: transfers by gift; transfers by inheritance; intrafamily transfers;
family dissolutions; transfers to affiliates; and transfers by operation of law. These minimum investment requirements are applicable
unless and until our shares of common stock are listed on a national securities exchange, and these requirements may make it more difficult
for you to sell your shares of common stock. We cannot assure you that our shares of common stock will ever be listed on a national securities
exchange.
Closing of Sales
Closings of the sales of our
shares of common stock will occur a minimum of once each calendar quarter (each, a “Closing Date”), with each subscription
payment made during the quarter prior to that Closing Date being held in a non-interest bearing escrow account until the applicable Closing
Date.
The Company may, in its sole
discretion, conduct closings more frequently than quarterly. On each Closing Date, subscriptions will be accepted by the Company on a
first-in, first-out basis up to the dollar amount that the Company can accept and continue to be in compliance with the 90% Asset Test.
The Company may, however, accept a subscription that was submitted later than other subscriptions in a particular quarter if the 180-day
reinvestment period relating to such subscription would expire if it is carried over to the next quarter.
Regardless of the date
upon which the subscription payments are released from escrow, the purchase price for the shares of our common stock subject to the applicable
subscription agreement will be the price in effect as of the date on which the investor’s subscription is initially submitted. The
Company will provide the investor with written notice of the purchase price applicable to the shares of our common stock being purchased
under its subscription agreement within 15 days following the acceptance of the subscription agreement.
The investors will not have
the right to withdraw or reconfirm their commitment or the return of their subscription payment by the Company prior to the acceptance
of their subscription agreement or prior to the Closing Date, subject to the Company’s discretion. The investors will have no rights
as stockholders of the Company, including voting and dividend rights, until their subscription agreements have been accepted by the Company.
Please review our Q&A
section beginning on page 41 and our Risk Factors beginning on page 9 for more information.
Certificates Will Not Be Issued
We will not issue stock certificates.
Instead, our common stock will be recorded and maintained on a stockholder register that we maintain or that we engage a transfer agent
to maintain. Information regarding restrictions on the transferability of our shares that, under Maryland law, would otherwise have been
required to appear on our stock certificates will instead be furnished to stockholders upon request and without charge.
Advertising, Sales, and other Promotional Materials
In addition to this offering
circular, subject to limitations imposed by applicable securities laws, we expect to use additional advertising, sales and other promotional
materials in connection with this offering. These materials may include information relating to this offering, property brochures, articles
and publications concerning real estate, or public advertisements and audio-visual materials, in each case only as authorized by us. In
addition, the sales material may contain certain quotes from various publications without obtaining the consent of the author or the publication
for use of the quoted material in the sales material. Although these materials will not contain information in conflict with the information
provided by this offering circular and will be prepared with a view to presenting a balanced discussion of risk and reward with respect
to shares of our common stock, these materials will not give a complete understanding of this offering, us or the shares of our common
stock and are not to be considered part of this offering circular. This offering is made only by means of this offering circular and prospective
investors must read and rely on the information provided in this offering circular in connection with their decision to invest in shares
of our common stock.
Administrative and Processing Agent
At this time, we are not selling
the shares through commissioned sales agents or underwriters, though we may elect to do so in the future. We will use our existing website,
www.parkviewozreit.com, to provide notification of the offering. This offering circular will be furnished to prospective investors
at investorrelations@parkviewozreit.com via download 24 hours per day, 7 days per week on our website. Our website and our Sponsor’s
technology platform will be the exclusive means by which prospective investors may subscribe in this offering.
The shares of our common stock
will be issued in a continuous offering. Proceeds for subscriptions must be transmitted directly by wire or electronic funds transfer
via ACH to the specified bank account maintained by our Manager pursuant to the instructions in the subscription agreement. We will attempt
to accept or reject subscriptions within 15 days of receipt. If we accept your subscription, we or our Manager will email you a confirmation.
Such funds will be kept in a non-interest bearing escrow account maintained by our Manager until such time as the foregoing determination
is made. The subscription agreement is available at www.parkviewozreit.com.
We have engaged our Transfer
Agent to provide certain technology, anti-money laundering (AML), and know your customer (KYC) services in connection with this offering.
Neither our Sponsor nor our Manager is participating as an underwriter of this offering and will not solicit any investment in the Company,
recommend the Company’s securities or provide investment advice to any prospective investor, or distribute this offering circular
or other offering materials to investors. All inquiries regarding this offering should be made directly to the Company.
The Company is responsible
for all offering fees and expenses, including the following: (i) fees and disbursements of our legal counsel, accountants and other professionals
we engage; (ii) fees and expenses incurred in the production of offering documents, including design, printing, photograph, and written
material procurement costs; (iii) all filing fees, including blue sky filing fees; (iv) all of the legal fees related to the registration
and qualification of the shares of our common stock under state securities laws; and (v) all costs of our Sponsor’s and Transfer
Agent’s services.
How
to Subscribe
Subscription Procedures
Investors seeking to purchase
shares of our common stock who satisfy the “qualified purchaser” standards should proceed as follows:
| · | Read this entire offering circular and any supplements accompanying this offering circular. |
| · | Electronically complete and execute a copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription
agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included in this offering circular as Appendix A. |
| · | Electronically provide ACH instructions to us for the full purchase price of the shares of our common
stock being subscribed for. |
By executing the subscription
agreement and paying the total purchase price for the shares of our common stock subscribed for, each investor agrees to accept the terms
of the subscription agreement and attests that the investor meets the minimum standards of a “qualified purchaser,” and that
such subscription for shares of our common stock does not exceed 10% of the greater of such investor’s annual income or net worth
(for natural persons), or 10% of the greater of annual revenue or net assets at fiscal year-end (for non-natural persons). Subscriptions
will be effective only upon our acceptance and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part.
We will attempt to accept
or reject subscriptions within 15 days of receipt by us. If we accept your subscription, we will email you a confirmation of acceptance
and timing of the Closing Date for the issuance of shares.
An approved trustee must process
and forward to us subscriptions made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of investments through IRAs, Keogh plans
and 401(k) plans, we will send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the trustee.
Minimum Investment Requirement
You must initially purchase
at least 100 shares of our common stock in this offering, or $10,000 based on the current per share price, provided that our Manager has
the discretion to accept smaller investments. In order to satisfy this minimum investment requirement, unless
otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate IRAs. You should note that an investment
in shares of our common stock will not, in itself, create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply
with all applicable provisions of the Code.
Legal
Matters
Information on legal representation,
and the review of the validity of common stock being offered, will be provided.
Experts
The balance sheets of Park View OZ REIT, LLC at December 31, 2023 and
2022, appearing in this offering circular has been audited by Novogradac & Company LLP, independent registered public accounting firm,
as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of
such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Additional
Information
We have filed with the SEC
an offering statement under the Securities Act on Form 1-A regarding this offering. This offering circular, which is part of the offering
statement, does not contain all the information set forth in the offering statement and the exhibits related thereto filed with the SEC,
reference to which is hereby made. Upon the qualification of the offering statement, we will be subject to the informational reporting
requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to Tier 2 companies whose securities are registered pursuant to Regulation A, and
accordingly, we will file annual reports, semi-annual reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy the offering statement,
the related exhibits and the reports and other information we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference facilities maintained
by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. You can also request copies of those documents, upon payment of a duplicating
fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information regarding the operation of the public reference
rooms. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, information statements and other information
regarding issuers that file with the SEC.
You may also request a copy of these filings at
no cost, by writing, emailing or telephoning us at:
Park View OZ REIT, Inc
Attn: Investor Relations
One Beacon Street
32nd Floor
Boston, MA 02108
investorrelations@parkviewozreit.com
617-971-8807
Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements of
Park View OZ REIT, Inc.
December 31, 2023 and 2022
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Park View OZ REIT, Inc
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets of Park View OZ REIT, Inc (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements
of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related notes
(collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements
based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the
standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated
financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we
engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding
of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal
control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess
the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide
a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
Critical audit matters are matters arising from
the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee
and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially
challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.
/s/ Novogradac & Company LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
Plantation, Florida
April 29, 2024
Park View OZ REIT, Inc
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| |
As of December 31, 2023 | | |
As of December 31, 2022 | |
Assets: | |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
Real Estate | |
| | | |
| | |
Land | |
$ | 576,000 | | |
$ | - | |
Building | |
| 1,378,352 | | |
| - | |
Total
real estate | |
| 1,954,352 | | |
| - | |
Accumulated Depreciation | |
| (12,531 | ) | |
| - | |
Real
estate, net | |
| 1,941,821 | | |
| - | |
Cash
and cash equivalents | |
| 411,651 | | |
| 2,488,143 | |
Other Assets | |
| 39,063 | | |
| 4,100 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Total Assets | |
$ | 2,392,535 | | |
$ | 2,492,243 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Current Liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Accrued Expenses | |
$ | 61,203 | | |
$ | 31,589 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Due to Manager | |
| 191,304 | | |
| 10,671 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Total Liabilities: | |
$ | 252,507 | | |
$ | 42,260 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Commitments and Contingencies | |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | |
| | | |
| | |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding | |
$ | - | | |
$ | - | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 9,000,000 shares authorized; 29,683 and 29,483 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. | |
| 297 | | |
| 295 | |
Additional paid-in capital | |
| 2,335,481 | | |
| 2,555,077 | |
Retained earnings (deficit) | |
| (195,750 | ) | |
| (105,389 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Total Equity | |
| 2,140,028 | | |
| 2,449,983 | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity | |
$ | 2,392,535 | | |
$ | 2,492,243 | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated
financial statements
Park
View OZ REIT, Inc
Consolidated
Statements of Operations
| |
For the year ended
December 31, 2023
| | |
For the year ended
December 31, 2022
| |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Rental Income | |
$ | 7,973 | | |
$ | - | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Expenses: | |
| | | |
| | |
General and administrative | |
| 99,263 | | |
| 53,463 | |
Depreciation | |
| 12,530 | | |
| - | |
Total Expenses | |
| 111,793 | | |
| 53,463 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Interest Income | |
| 13,459 | | |
| 13 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Net Loss | |
($ | 90,361 | ) | |
($ | 53,450 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Loss per share of common stock | |
| | | |
| | |
Net loss per share of common stock | |
($ | 3.06 | ) | |
($ | 1.99 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Weighted-average shares of common stock | |
| 29,550 | | |
| 26,846 | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated
financial statements.
Park
View OZ REIT, Inc
Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
For the years ended December
31, 2023 and 2022
| |
Preferred Stock - Shares | | |
Preferred Stock - Amount | | |
Common Stock - Shares | | |
Common Stock - Amount | | |
Additional Paid-in Capital | | |
Retained Earnings | | |
Total | |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | |
| - | | |
$ | - | | |
| 24,383 | | |
$ | 244 | | |
$ | 2,239,333 | | |
$ | (51,939 | ) | |
$ | 2,187,638 | |
Issuance of Common Stock | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 5,100 | | |
$ | 51 | | |
| 509,949 | | |
| - | | |
| 510,000 | |
Offering Costs | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (194,205 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (194,205 | ) |
Net Loss | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (53,450 | ) | |
| (53,450 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | |
| - | | |
$ | - | | |
| 29,483 | | |
$ | 295 | | |
$ | 2,555,077 | | |
($ | 105,389 | ) | |
$ | 2,449,983 | |
Issuance of Common Stock | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 200 | | |
$ | 2 | | |
| 19,998 | | |
| - | | |
| 20,000 | |
Offering Costs | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (239,594 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (239,594 | ) |
Net Loss | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (90,361 | ) | |
| (90,361 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | |
| - | | |
$ | - | | |
| 29,683 | | |
$ | 297 | | |
$ | 2,335,481 | | |
($ | 195,750 | ) | |
$ | 2,140,028 | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated
financial statements.
Park
View OZ REIT, Inc
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
| |
For the year ended December 31, 2023 | | |
For the year ended December 31, 2022 | |
| |
| | |
| |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities | |
| | | |
| | |
Net Loss | |
($ | 90,361 | ) | |
($ | 53,450 | ) |
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Operating Activities: | |
| | | |
| | |
Depreciation | |
| 12,530 | | |
| - | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | |
Other assets | |
| (34,963 | ) | |
| (4,100 | ) |
Accrued expenses | |
| 29,614 | | |
| - | |
Due to Manager | |
| 180,633 | | |
| (102,452 | ) |
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities | |
$ | 97,453 | | |
($ | 160,002 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | |
| | | |
| | |
Purchases of property | |
| (1,954,351 | ) | |
| - | |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | |
| (1,954,351 | ) | |
| - | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities | |
| | | |
| | |
Capital Contributions | |
| 20,000 | | |
| 440,000 | |
Payment of Offering Costs | |
| (239,594 | ) | |
| (194,205 | ) |
Net Cash (Used in) or Provided by Financing
Activities | |
| (219,594 | ) | |
| 245,795 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | |
| (2,076,492 | ) | |
| 85,793 | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Beginning of Period | |
| 2,488,143 | | |
| 2,402,350 | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | |
$ | 411,651 | | |
$ | 2,488,143 | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated
financial statements.
PARK VIEW OZ REIT, INC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER
31, 2023 AND 2022
| 1. | Formation and Organization |
Park View OZ REIT, Inc (the “Company”) was formed on June 19, 2020, as a Maryland corporation and
intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning
with its fiscal year ending December 31, 2025 or such later date as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company
was organized to initially function as a qualified opportunity fund, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”). As a Qualified Opportunity Fund, the Company's primary purpose is to identify, acquire and develop or redevelop properties
located within qualified opportunity zones. All of the Company’s business will be externally managed by Park View REIT Manager,
LLC (the “Manager”), a Delaware limited liability company.
The
Company is the majority general partner of Park View OP, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”).
Park View OP, LP is a consolidated subsidiary of the Company. Substantially all of the Company’s invested assets will be held by,
and the operations will be conducted primarily through, current and future Operating Partnerships – our QOZBs. Through December
31, 2023, the Operating Partnership has not made an initial investment.
The
Company began operations in July of 2021.
The
Company has authorized: (i) 9,000,000 shares of common stock at $.01 par value per share and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock
at $.01 par value per share. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we have not issued any preferred shares. The Company may increase the number
of shares of common or preferred stock without stockholder consent. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has 29,683 and 29,483
shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
| 2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The consolidated financial
statements include the accounts of Park View OZ REIT, Inc. and its consolidated entity (collectively, the “Company”), consisting
of its wholly-owned subsidiary. Intercompany balances and transactions between these entities have been eliminated in consolidation.
Estimates
The
preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially
differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash
and cash equivalents consist of cash held in financial institutions, cash on hand and liquid investments with original maturities of three
months or less. Cash balances may at times exceed federally insured limits per institution, however, the Company deposits its cash and
cash equivalents with high credit-quality institutions to minimize credit risk exposure.
Real
Estate
Real
estate is carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures which improve or extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized,
while expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not extend lives of the assets, are charged to expense.
Deprecation
is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the respective assets (not to exceed 40 years).
Project
costs directly related to the construction and development of real estate projects (including but not limited to interest and related
loan fees, property taxes, insurance and legal costs) are capitalized as a cost of the project. Indirect project costs that relate to
projects are capitalized and allocated to the projects to which they relate. Pertaining to assets under development, capitalization begins
when both direct and indirect project costs have been made and it is probable that development of the future asset is probable. If we
suspend substantially all activities related to the project, we will cease cost capitalization of indirect costs until activities are
resumed. We will not suspend cost capitalization for brief interruptions, interruptions that are externally imposed, or delays that are
inherent in the development process unless there are other circumstances involved that warrant a judgmental decision to cease capitalization.
In addition, capitalization of project costs will cease when the project is considered substantially completed and occupied, or ready
for its intended use (but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity). Upon substantial completion, depreciation
of these assets will commence. If discrete portions of a project are substantially completed and occupied and other portions have not
yet reached that stage, the substantially completed portions are accounted for separately. We allocate costs incurred between the portions
under construction and the portions substantially completed and only capitalize those costs associated with the portions under construction.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets
We
evaluate our tangible and identifiable intangible real estate assets for impairment when events such as delays or changes in development,
declines in a property’s operating performance, deteriorating market conditions, or environmental or legal concerns bring recoverability
of the carrying value of one or more assets into question. When qualitative factors indicate the possibility of impairment, the total
undiscounted cash flows of the property, including proceeds from disposition, are compared to the net book value of the property. If the
carrying value of the asset exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded in earnings to reduce the
carrying value of the asset to fair value, calculated as the discounted net cash flows of the property. In circumstances where the highest
and best use of a property is the fee simple value of vacant land, we compare book value of the property to the appraised value of the
land. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds the appraised value of the land, an impairment loss is recorded to reduce the carrying
value to the appraised value.
Abandoned
Pursuit Costs
Pre-development
and due diligence costs incurred in pursuit of new development and acquisition opportunities, which we deem to be probable, will be capitalized
in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. If the development or acquisition opportunity is not probable or the status of the
project changes such that it is deemed no longer probable, the costs incurred will be expensed.
Organizational, Offering
and Related Costs
Organizational
and offering costs of the Company are initially being paid by the Manager on behalf of the Company. These organization and offering costs
include all expenses to be paid by the Company in connection with the formation of the Company and the qualification of the Offering,
and the marketing and distribution of shares, including, without limitation, expenses for printing, and amending offering statements or
supplementing offering circulars, mailing and distributing costs, telephones, Internet and other telecommunications costs, all advertising
and marketing expenses, charges of experts and fees, expenses and taxes related to the filing, registration and qualification of the sale
of shares under federal and state laws, including taxes and fees and accountants’ and attorneys’ fees. Pursuant to the Company’s
management agreement (the “Management Agreement”), the Company will be obligated to reimburse the Manager, or its affiliates,
as applicable, for organization and offering costs paid by them on behalf of the Company.
The
Company has begun to reimburse the Manager, without interest, for these organizational and offering costs incurred both before and after
that date. Reimbursement payments will be made in monthly installments.
The
Manager has incurred organizational and offering costs on behalf of the Company. The Company expenses organizational costs incurred. Offering
costs, are charged to stockholders’ equity against the gross proceeds of our Offering. The Company became liable to reimburse the
Manager and its affiliates, including our Sponsor, once the first closing was held in connection with our Offering, which occurred in
July 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, offering costs incurred as a component of stockholders’ equity amounted
to approximately $239,594 and $194,205 respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Management
has determined that all recently issued accounting pronouncements will not currently have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated
financial statements or do not apply to the Company’s operations.
Income Taxes
The Company
intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Code and intends to operate as such. Because qualifying opportunity zone investments
usually require substantial development or redevelopment the Company expects to have little or no taxable income prior to electing REIT
status. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute
at least 90% of the Company’s annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends
paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent it distributes
qualifying dividends to its stockholders. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain state and
local taxes on its income and property, and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
Loss per Share
Our
outstanding stock is limited to common shares. Loss per share represents both basic and dilutive per-share amounts for all periods presented
in the consolidated financial statements. Basic and diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to the Company
by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year.
Our Charter authorizes the issuance of up to 9,000,000
shares of common stock at $0.01 par value per share and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock at $0.01 par value per share.
During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,
the basic and diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding was 29,550 and 26,846, respectively. Net loss attributable to common
stockholders was $90,361 and $53,450 during 2023 and 2022, and the loss per basic and diluted weighted-average share was $3.06 and $1.99,
respectively. Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 29,683 and 29,483, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment
Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 is effective for
public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024,
and requires single reporting entities to comply with the expanded reportable segment disclosures outlined in the ASU. The expanded reportable
segment disclosures are intended to enhance certain disclosures surrounding significant segment expenses. We are currently evaluating
the impact of the new standard on our consolidated financial statements.
| 3. | Related Party Arrangements |
Park View REIT Manager,
LLC
On
July 30, 2020, the Company has entered into a five-year management agreement with the Manager, which will automatically renew for one-year
terms thereafter, as defined.
Subject
to certain restrictions and limitations, the Manager is responsible for managing the Company’s affairs on a day-to-day basis and
for identifying and making acquisitions and investments on behalf of the Company.
The
Manager and certain affiliates of the Manager will receive fees and compensation in connection with the Company’s public offering,
and the acquisition, management and sale of the Company’s real estate investments.
The
Manager will be reimbursed for organization and offering expenses incurred in conjunction with the Offering. The Company will reimburse
the Manager for the actual expenses incurred on behalf of the Company in connection with the selection, acquisition or origination of
an investment, whether or not the Company ultimately acquires or originates the investment. The Company will reimburse the Manager for
out-of-pocket expenses paid to third parties in connection with providing services to the Company. Expense reimbursements payable to the
Manager also may include expenses incurred by the Sponsor in the performance of services pursuant to a shared services agreement between
the Manager and the Sponsor, including any increases in insurance attributable to the management or operation of the Company.
During the year ended December
31, 2023, costs incurred by the Manager and its affiliates amounted to approximately $183,000, which included reimbursements for offering
costs of $142,000, and allocable shares of salaries, benefits and overhead of personnel totaling $41,000. As of December 31, 2023, approximately
$191,000 remained due to Manager. During the year ended December 31, 2022, costs incurred by the Manager
and its affiliates amounted to approximately $157,000, which included reimbursements for offering costs of $117,000, and allocable shares
of salaries, benefits and overhead of personnel totaling $40,000. As of December 31, 2022, approximately
$11,000 remained due to Manager.
The Company will pay the Manager
a quarterly management fee of one-fourth of 0.75%, which, until 12 months following the commencement of the offering, will be based on
our offering proceeds as of the end of each quarter, and thereafter will be based on our net asset value (“NAV”) at the end
of each prior quarter. There were no management fees accrued or paid to the Manager during 2023 or 2022.
The Manger will be issued
a management interest equal to 5% of our outstanding capital stock. As a result, at any time we make a distribution to our stockholders,
other than distributions representing a return of capital, whether from continuing operations, net sale proceeds or otherwise, our Manager
will be entitled to receive 5% of the aggregate amount of such distribution. There were no such distributions in 2023 or 2022.
Under
various agreements, the Company has engaged Park View REIT Manager, LLC and its affiliates to provide certain services that are essential
to the Company, including asset management services, asset acquisition and disposition decisions, the sale of shares of the Company’s
common stock available for issue, as well as other administrative responsibilities for the Company including accounting services and investor
relations. As a result of these relationships, the Company is dependent upon Park View REIT Manager, LLC and its affiliates. In the event
that these companies were unable to provide the Company with the respective services, the Company would be required to find alternative
providers of these services.
| 5. | Stockholder Redemption Plan |
On December 7,
2023, FINRA assigned Park View OZ REIT Inc the OTC trading symbol “PVOZ”. Although there is no guarantee that a market for
our shares will develop, we believe this will greatly enhance investment liquidity for our shareholders. The Stockholder Repurchase Plan
was put into place to give our shareholders limited liquidity until our shares of stock received a trading symbol; therefore, it is no
longer needed and has been terminated. During the life of the Stockholder Repurchase Plan no shares were presented for redemption.
6. |
Acquisitions of Real Estate During 2023 |
During the summer
of 2023 we acquired Units 1 and 2, while under construction, of the townhouses at 2209 North Boulevard in Tampa Heights, Florida. The
purchase was completed for $1,920,000 in cash and no debt. The properties received their certificates of occupancy in October of 2023.
7. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
As of December 31,
2023, the Company is not subject to any material litigation nor is the Company aware of any material litigation threatened against it.
Management
has evaluated subsequent events to determine if events or transactions through the date the consolidated financial statements were available
for issuance, require potential adjustment to or disclosure in the consolidated financial statement. Management has evaluated the activity
of the Company and we do not believe that additional adjustments or disclosures are required at this time, other than as follows.
On January 4, 2024, our initial
Regulation A Tier 2 stock offering expired. We may choose to initiate new offerings in the future.
PARK VIEW OZ REIT INC
UP TO $74,980,000 IN SHARES
OF COMMON STOCK
OFFERING CIRCULAR
You should rely only on the
information contained in this offering circular. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been authorized to give any information
or to make any representations that are not contained in this offering circular. If any such information or statements are given or made,
you should not rely upon such information or representation. This offering circular does not constitute an offer to sell any securities
other than those to which this offering circular relates, or an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in
any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. This offering circular speaks as of the date set forth above.
You should not assume that the delivery of this offering circular or that any sale made pursuant to this offering circular implies that
the information contained in this offering circular will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this
offering circular.
May 20, 2024
PART III – EXHIBITS
Index to Exhibits
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
2A.1 |
|
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company(1) |
2B.1 |
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company adopted by the Board of
Directors on April 26, 2024(4) |
4.1 |
|
Form of Subscription Package(3) |
6.1 |
|
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Park View
QOZB OP, LP(4) |
6.2 |
|
Amended Management Agreement by and among the Company, Park View QOZB
OP, LP Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC(4) |
6.3 |
|
Form of Amended Support Agreement by and between Park View Investments, LLC and Park View OZ REIT Manager, LLC(2) |
11.1 |
|
Consent of Novogradac & Company LLP* |
12.1 |
|
Opinion of Whiteford, Taylor & Preston L.L.P.* |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 1-A as filed with the SEC on October 7, 2020. |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 1-A POS as filed with the SEC on January 13, 2023. |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 of the Company’s Form 1-A as filed with the SEC on December 22, 2020. |
| (4) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 1-K as filed with the SEC on April 29, 2024. |
* Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation A, the issuer has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on May 20, 2024.
|
|
Park View OZ REIT Inc |
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Michael Kelley |
|
|
Michael Kelley |
|
|
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements
of Regulation A, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the issuer and in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Michael Kelley |
|
Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer |
|
May 20, 2024 |
Michael Kelley |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Elizabeth Tyminski |
|
Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief
Financial Officer |
|
|
Elizabeth Tyminski |
|
|
|
May 20, 2024 |
|
|
|
|
|
123
Exhibit 1A-11.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
We consent to the inclusion in this Offering Statement on Form 1-A
of our report dated April 29, 2024, with respect to the audited financial statements of Park View OZ REIT, Inc as of December 31, 2023
and 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts”
in such Regulation A Offering Circular.
/s/Novogradac & Company LLP
Novogradac & Company LLP
Plantation, Florida
May 20, 2024
Exhibit 1A-12.1
Whiteford,
Taylor & Preston L.L.P. |
|
|
|
|
Seven
Saint Paul Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202-1626
Main Telephone (410) 347-8700
Facsimile (410) 752-7092
|
Delaware*
District
of Columbia
Kentucky
Maryland
New
York
pennsylvania
virginia
www.wtplaw.com
(800)
987-8705
|
May 20, 2024
Park View OZ REIT, Inc.
One Beacon Street
32nd Floor
Boston, MA 02108
| Re: | Park View OZ REIT, Inc. Offering Statement on Form 1-A (the
“Offering Statement”) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special
Maryland opinion counsel to Park View OZ REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the
filing of an Offering Statement under Regulation A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”),
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating to the proposed offering by the Company (the “Offering”)
of up to 749,800 shares of Company Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Shares”).
For purposes of this opinion,
we have examined originals or copies (certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction) of the following documents:
| 1. | Articles of Amendment and Restatement,
as filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation on August 26, 2020; |
| 2. | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company in the form filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission as of April 29, 2024; |
| 3. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors
of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent on November 17, 2020; |
| 4. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors
of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent on January 4, 2022; |
| 5. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of April
29, 2022; |
Park View OZ REIT, Inc.
May 20, 2024
Page 2
| 6. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of September
25, 2022; |
| 7. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of December
31, 2022; |
| 8. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of January
13, 2023; |
| 9. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of May 5,
2023; |
| 10. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of August
7, 2023; |
| 11. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of September
12, 2023; |
| 12. | Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of April
26, 2024; and |
| 13. | Resolutions of the Board
of Directors of the Company adopted by unanimous written consent as of May 18, 2024. |
We have also examined such
other certificates of public officials, such certificates of executive officers of the Company and such other records, agreements, documents
and instruments as we have deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinion hereafter set forth.
In such examination, we have
assumed: (i) the genuineness of all signatures, (ii) the legal capacity of all natural persons, (iii) the authenticity of all documents
submitted to us as originals, (iv) the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed or other
copies and the authenticity of the originals of such documents and (v) that all records and other information made available to us by
the Company on which we have relied are complete in all material respects. As to all questions of fact material to this opinion, we have
relied solely upon the above-referenced certificates or comparable documents and other documents delivered pursuant thereto, have not
performed or had performed any independent research of public records and have assumed that certificates of or other comparable documents
from public officials dated prior to the date hereof remain accurate as of the date hereof.
Based on the foregoing and
on such legal considerations as we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that:
| 1. | The Shares, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as described in the Offering Statement,
will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
Park View OZ REIT, Inc.
May 20, 2024
Page 3
The foregoing opinion is
limited to the Maryland General Corporation Law, as currently in effect, and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other
law.
The opinion expressed herein
is rendered as of the date hereof and is based on existing law, which is subject to change. Where our opinion expressed herein
refers to events to occur at a future date, we have assumed that there will have been no changes in the relevant law or facts between
the date hereof and such future date. We do not undertake to advise you of any changes in the opinion expressed herein from matters
that may hereafter arise or be brought to our attention or to revise or supplement such opinion should the present laws of any jurisdiction
be changed by legislative action, judicial decision or otherwise.
Our opinion expressed herein
is limited to the matters expressly stated herein, and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated.
We hereby consent to the
use of this letter as an exhibit to the Offering Statement and to any and all references to our firm in the offering circular that is
a part of the Offering Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent
is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act, or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
|
Very truly yours, |
|
|
|
Whiteford, Taylor & Preston L.L.P. |
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