IGEX Indo Global Exchanges Pte Ltd (PK)

Other Investments and Investment Strategies

The Fund may also use the following types of investments and investment strategies.

Percentage of LIBOR Notes (PLNs). The Fund may invest in Percentage of LIBOR Notes ("PLNs") which are variable rate municipal securities based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), a widely used benchmark for short-term interest rates and used by banks for interbank loans with other banks. The PLN typically pays interest based on a percentage of a LIBOR rate for a specified time plus an established yield premium. Due to their variable rate features, PLNs will generally pay higher levels of income in a rising short-term interest rate environment and lower levels of income as short-term interest rates decline. In times of substantial market volatility, however, the PLNs may not perform as anticipated. The value of a PLN also may decline due to other factors, such as changes in credit quality of the underlying bond.

The Fund also may invest in PLNs that are created when a broker-dealer/sponsor deposits a municipal bond into a trust created by the sponsor. The trust issues a percentage of LIBOR floating rate certificate (i.e., the PLN) to the Fund and a residual interest certificate to third parties who receive the remaining interest on the bond after payment of the interest distribution to the PLN holder and other fees.

The Fund's ability to engage in transactions using PLNs may be limited due to market factors.  There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular PLN or at any particular time, and so the Fund may not be able to close a position in a PLN when it is advantageous to do so.

When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Transactions. The Fund can purchase securities on a "when-issued" basis, and may purchase or sell such securities on a "delayed-delivery" basis. "When-issued" or "delayed-delivery" refers to securities whose terms and indenture are available and for which a market exists, but which are not available for immediate delivery. 

When such transactions are negotiated, the price (which is generally expressed in yield terms) is fixed at the time the commitment is made. Delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. Normally the settlement date is within six months of the purchase of municipal bonds and notes. However, the Fund may, from time to time, purchase municipal securities having a settlement date more than six months and possibly as long as two years or more after the trade date. The securities are subject to change in value from market fluctuation during the settlement period. The value at delivery may be less than the purchase price. For example, changes in interest rates in a direction other than that expected by the Sub-Adviser before settlement will affect the value of such securities and may cause loss to the Fund. No income begins to accrue to the Fund on a when-issued security until the Fund receives the security at settlement of the trade. 

The Fund will engage in when-issued transactions in order to secure what is considered to be an advantageous price and yield at the time of entering into the obligation. When the Fund engages in when-issued or delayed-delivery transactions, it relies on the buyer or seller, as the case may be, to complete the transaction. Their failure to do so may cause the Fund to lose the opportunity to obtain the security at a price and yield it considers advantageous. 

When the Fund engages in when-issued and delayed-delivery transactions, it does so for the purpose of acquiring or selling securities consistent with its investment objective and policies for its portfolio or for delivery pursuant to options contracts it has entered into, and not for the purposes of investment leverage. Although the Fund will enter into when-issued or delayed-delivery purchase transactions to acquire securities, the Fund may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement. If the Fund chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or to dispose of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it may incur a gain or loss. 

At the time the Fund makes a commitment to purchase or sell a security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, it records the transaction on its books and reflects the value of the security purchased. In a sale transaction, it records the proceeds to be received, in determining its net asset value. In a purchase transaction the Fund will identify on its books liquid securities of any type with a value at least equal to the purchase commitments until the Fund pays for the investment. 

When-issued transactions and forward commitments can be used by the Fund as a defensive technique to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling prices, the Fund might sell securities in its portfolio on a forward commitment basis to attempt to limit its exposure to anticipated falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might sell portfolio securities and purchase the same or similar securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, to obtain the benefit of currently higher cash yields.

Zero-Coupon Securities. The Fund may buy zero-coupon and delayed interest municipal securities. Zero-coupon securities do not make periodic interest payments and are sold at a deep discount from their face value. The buyer recognizes a rate of return determined by the gradual appreciation of the security, which is redeemed at face value on a specified maturity date. This discount depends on the time remaining until maturity, as well as prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the credit quality of the issuer. In the absence of threats to the issuer's credit quality, the discount typically decreases as the maturity date approaches. Some zero-coupon securities are convertible, in that they are zero-coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time they convert to a security with a specified coupon rate.

Because zero-coupon securities pay no interest and compound semi-annually at the rate fixed at the time of their issuance, their value is generally more volatile than the value of other debt securities. Their value may fall more dramatically than the value of interest-bearing securities when interest rates rise. When prevailing interest rates fall, zero-coupon securities tend to rise more rapidly in value because they have a fixed rate of return.

The Fund's investment in zero-coupon securities may cause the Fund to recognize income and be required to make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on the zero-coupon investment. To generate cash to satisfy those distribution requirements, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise might have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of Fund shares.

U.S. Territories, Commonwealths and Possessions. The Fund may also invest in municipal securities issued by certain territories, commonwealths and possessions of the United States that pay interest that is exempt (in the opinion of the issuer's legal counsel when the security is issued) from federal income tax. Therefore, the Fund's investments could be affected by the fiscal stability of, for example, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands. Additionally, the Fund's investments could be affected by economic, legislative, regulatory or political developments affecting issuers in those territories, commonwealths or possessions. A credit rating downgrade relating to, default by, or insolvency or bankruptcy of one or several municipal security issuers of a territory, commonwealth or possession could affect the market values and marketability of many or all municipal obligations of such territory, commonwealth or possession.

Taxable Investments. While the Fund can invest up to 20% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in investments that generate income subject to income taxes, it does not anticipate investing substantial amounts of its assets in taxable investments under normal market conditions or as part of its normal trading strategies and policies. Taxable investments include, for example, hedging instruments, repurchase agreements, and many of the types of securities the Fund would buy for temporary defensive purposes.

At times, in connection with the restructuring of a municipal bond issuer either outside of bankruptcy court in a negotiated workout or in the context of bankruptcy proceedings, the Fund may determine or be required to accept equity or taxable debt securities, or the underlying collateral (which may include real estate) from the issuer in exchange for all or a portion of the Fund's holdings in the municipal security. Although the Sub-Adviser will attempt to sell those assets as soon as reasonably practicable in most cases, depending upon, among other things, the Sub-Adviser's valuation of the potential value of such assets in relation to the price that could be obtained by the Fund at any given time upon sale thereof, the Fund may determine to hold such securities or assets in its portfolio for limited period of time in order to liquidate the assets in a manner that maximizes their value to the Fund.

Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may acquire securities subject to repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements may be acquired for temporary defensive purposes, to maintain liquidity to meet anticipated share redemptions, pending the investment of the proceeds from sales of shares, or pending the settlement of portfolio securities transactions. In a repurchase transaction, the purchaser buys a security from, and simultaneously resells it to, an approved institution for delivery on an agreed-upon future date. The resale price exceeds the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period during which the repurchase agreement is in effect. Approved institutions include U.S. commercial banks, U.S. branches of foreign banks, or broker-dealers that have been designated as primary dealers in government securities. Institutions must meet credit requirements set by the Sub-Adviser from time to time.

The majority of repurchase transactions run from day to day and delivery pursuant to the resale typically occurs within one to five days of the purchase. Repurchase agreements that have a maturity beyond seven days are subject to limits on illiquid investments. There is no limit on the amount of assets that may be subject to repurchase agreements having maturities of seven days or less. 

Repurchase agreements are considered "loans" under the Investment Company Act and are collateralized by the underlying security. Repurchase agreements require that at all times while the repurchase agreement is in effect, the value of the collateral must equal or exceed the repurchase price to fully collateralize the repayment obligation. However, if the institution fails to pay the repurchase price on the delivery date, there may be costs incurred in disposing of the collateral and losses if there is a delay in the ability to do so. The Sub-Adviser will monitor the institution's creditworthiness to confirm that it is financially sound and will continuously monitor the collateral's value.

Pursuant to an Exemptive Order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), the Fund, along with the affiliated entities managed by the Sub-Adviser or its affiliates, may transfer uninvested cash balances into one or more joint repurchase agreement accounts. These balances are invested in one or more repurchase agreements secured by U.S. government securities. Securities that are pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements are held by a custodian bank until the agreements mature. Each joint repurchase arrangement requires that the market value of the collateral be sufficient to cover payments of interest and principal; however, in the event of default by the other party to the agreement, retention or sale of the collateral may be subject to legal proceedings.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may engage in reverse repurchase agreements.  A reverse repurchase agreement is the sale of a debt obligation to a party for a specified price, with the simultaneous agreement to repurchase it from that party on a future date at a higher price. These transactions involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold under a reverse repurchase agreement could decline below the price that the Fund is required to repurchase them. The Fund will identify liquid assets on its books to cover its obligations under reverse repurchase agreements until payment is made to the other party.

Tobacco Related Bonds.  The Fund may invest in two types of tobacco related bonds: (i) tobacco settlement revenue bonds, for which payments of interest and principal are made solely from a state's interest in the Master Settlement Agreement ("MSA") and (ii) tobacco bonds subject to a state's appropriation pledge, for which payments may come from both the MSA revenue and the applicable state's appropriation pledge.

• Tobacco Settlement Revenue Bonds. For purposes of the Fund's industry concentration policy, the Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in tobacco settlement revenue bonds. Tobacco settlement revenue bonds are secured by an issuing state's proportionate share in the MSA, a litigation settlement agreement reached out of court in November 1998 between 46 states and six other U.S. jurisdictions and the four largest U.S. tobacco manufacturers at that time. Subsequently, a number of smaller tobacco manufacturers signed on to the MSA, which provides for annual payments by the manufacturers to the states and other jurisdictions in perpetuity. The MSA established a base payment schedule and a formula for adjusting payments each year. Tobacco manufacturers pay into a master escrow trust based on their market share and each state receives a fixed percentage of the payment.

     A number of states have securitized the future flow of those payments by selling bonds, some through distinct governmental entities created for such purpose. The bonds are backed by the future revenue flows from the tobacco manufacturers. Annual payments on the bonds, and thus the risk to the Fund, are highly dependent on the receipt of future settlement payments. The amount of future settlement payments is dependent on many factors including, but not limited to, annual domestic cigarette shipments, cigarette consumption, inflation and the financial capability of participating tobacco companies. As a result, payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be reduced if the decrease in tobacco consumption is significantly greater than the forecasted decline. A market share loss by the MSA companies to non-MSA participating tobacco manufacturers could also cause a downward adjustment in the payment amounts. A participating manufacturer filing for bankruptcy also could cause delays or reductions in bond payments, which could affect the Fund's net asset value.

 The MSA and tobacco manufacturers have been and continue to be subject to various legal claims and an adverse outcome could affect the payment streams associated with the MSA or cause delays or reductions in bond payments. The MSA itself has been subject to legal challenges and has, to date, withstood those challenges.

•   "Subject to Appropriation" (STA) Tobacco Bonds. In addition to the tobacco settlement bonds discussed above, the Fund also may invest in tobacco related bonds that are subject to a state's appropriation pledge ("STA Tobacco Bonds"). STA Tobacco Bonds rely on both the revenue source from the MSA and a state appropriation pledge. These STA Tobacco Bonds are part of a larger category of municipal bonds that are subject to state appropriation. Although specific provisions may vary among states, "government appropriation" or "subject to appropriation" bonds (also referred to as "appropriation debt") are typically payable from two distinct sources: (i) a dedicated revenue source such as a municipal enterprise, a special tax or, in the case of tobacco bonds, the MSA funds, and (ii) from the issuer's general funds.

    Appropriation debt differs from a state's general obligation debt in that general obligation debt is backed by the state's full faith, credit and taxing power, while appropriation debt requires the state to pass a specific periodic appropriation to pay interest and/or principal on the bonds. The appropriation is usually made annually. While STA Tobacco Bonds offer an enhanced credit support feature, that feature is generally not an unconditional guarantee of payment by a state and states generally do not pledge the full faith, credit or taxing power of the state. The Fund considers STA Tobacco Bonds to be "municipal securities" for purposes of its concentration policies.

Land-Secured or "Dirt" Bonds (Special Tax or Special Assessment Bonds). The Fund may invest in municipal securities that are issued in connection with special taxing districts that are organized to plan and finance infrastructure development to induce residential, commercial and industrial growth and redevelopment. The bonds financed by these methods, such as tax assessment, special tax or tax increment financing generally are payable solely from taxes or other revenues attributable to the specific projects financed by the bonds, without recourse to the credit or taxing power of related or overlapping municipalities.
     These projects often are exposed to real estate development-related risks, such as the failure of property development, unavailability of financing, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, lessening demand for properties, and changes in interest rates. These real estate risks may be heightened if a project were subject to foreclosure. Additionally, upon foreclosure the Fund might be required to pay certain maintenance or operating expenses or taxes relating to such projects. These expenses could increase the overall expenses of the Fund and reduce its returns.
     In addition, the bonds financing these projects may have more taxpayer concentration risk than general tax-supported bonds, such as general obligation bonds. Further, the fees, special taxes, or tax allocations and other revenues that are established to secure such financings generally are limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. The bonds could default if a development failed to progress as anticipated or if taxpayers failed to pay the assessments, fees and taxes as provided in the financing plans of the projects.

Puts and Standby Commitments. The Fund may acquire "stand-by commitments" or "puts" with respect to municipal securities to enhance portfolio liquidity and to try to reduce the average effective portfolio maturity. These arrangements give the Fund the right to sell the securities at a set price on demand to the issuing broker-dealer or bank. However, securities having this feature may have a relatively lower interest rate.

When the Fund buys a municipal security subject to a standby commitment to repurchase the security, the Fund is entitled to same-day settlement from the purchaser. The Fund receives an exercise price equal to the amortized cost of the underlying security plus any accrued interest at the time of exercise. A put purchased in conjunction with a municipal security enables the Fund to sell the underlying security within a specified period of time at a fixed exercise price.

The Fund might purchase a standby commitment or put separately in cash or it might acquire the security subject to the standby commitment or put (at a price that reflects that additional feature). The Fund will enter into these transactions only with banks and securities dealers that, in the Sub-Adviser's opinion, present minimal credit risks. The Fund's ability to exercise a put or standby commitment will depend on the ability of the bank or dealer to pay for the securities if the put or standby commitment is exercised. If the bank or dealer should default on its obligation, the Fund might not be able to recover all or a portion of any loss sustained from having to sell the security elsewhere.

Puts and standby commitments are not transferable by the Fund. They terminate if the Fund sells the underlying security to a third party. The Fund intends to enter into these arrangements to facilitate portfolio liquidity, although such arrangements might enable the Fund to sell a security at a pre-arranged price that may be higher than the prevailing market price at the time the put or standby commitment is exercised. However, the Fund might refrain from exercising a put or standby commitment if the exercise price is significantly higher than the prevailing market price, to avoid imposing a loss on the seller that could jeopardize the Fund's business relationships with the seller.

A put or standby commitment increases the cost of the security and reduces the yield otherwise available from the security. Any consideration paid by the Fund for the put or standby commitment will be reflected on the Fund's books as unrealized depreciation while the put or standby commitment is held, and a realized gain or loss when the put or commitment is exercised or expires. Interest income received by the Fund from municipal securities subject to puts or stand-by commitments may not qualify as tax-exempt in its hands if the terms of the put or stand-by commitment cause the Fund not to be treated as the tax owner of the underlying municipal securities.

Other Derivative Investments. Certain derivatives, such as options, futures, indexed securities and entering into swap agreements, can be used to increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to changing security prices, interest rates or other factors that affect the value of securities. However, these techniques could result in losses to the Funds if the Sub-Adviser judges market conditions incorrectly or employs a strategy that does not correlate well with the Fund's other investments. These techniques can cause losses if the counterparty does not perform its promises. An additional risk of investing in municipal securities that are derivative investments is that their market value could be expected to vary to a much greater extent than the market value of municipal securities that are not derivative investments but have similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturities.

Hedging. The Fund may use hedging to attempt to protect against declines in the market value of its portfolio, to permit the Funds to retain unrealized gains in the value of portfolio securities that have appreciated, or to facilitate selling securities for investment reasons. To do so, the Fund may:

• sell interest rate futures or municipal bond index futures,

• buy puts on such futures or securities, or

• write covered calls on securities, broadly-based municipal bond indices, interest rate futures or municipal bond index futures.

Covered calls may also be written on debt securities to attempt to increase the Fund's income, but that income would not be tax-exempt. Therefore it is unlikely that the Fund would write covered calls for that purpose.

The Fund may also use hedging to establish a position in the debt securities market as a temporary substitute for purchasing individual debt securities. In that case the Fund will normally seek to purchase the securities, and then terminate that hedging position. For this type of hedging, the Fund may:

• buy interest rate futures or municipal bond index futures, or

• buy calls on such futures or on securities.

The Fund is not obligated to use hedging instruments, even though it is permitted to use them in the Sub-Adviser's discretion, as described below. The Fund's strategy of hedging with futures and options on futures will be incidental to the Fund's investment activities in the underlying cash market. The particular hedging instruments the Fund can use are described below. The Fund may employ new hedging instruments and strategies when they are developed, if those investment methods are consistent with the Fund's investment objective and are permissible under applicable regulations governing the Fund.

Futures. The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts relating to debt securities (these are called "interest rate futures"), and municipal bond indices (these are referred to as "municipal bond index futures").

An interest rate future obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take) cash or a specific type of debt security to settle the futures transaction. Either party could also enter into an offsetting contract to close out the futures position.

A "municipal bond index" assigns relative values to the municipal bonds in the index, and is used as the basis for trading long-term municipal bond futures contracts. Municipal bond index futures are similar to interest rate futures except that settlement is made only in cash. The obligation under the contract may also be satisfied by entering into an offsetting contract. The strategies which the Fund employs in using municipal bond index futures are similar to those with regard to interest rate futures.

No money is paid by or received by the Fund on the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures transaction, the Fund will be required to deposit an initial margin payment in cash or U.S. government securities with the futures commission merchant (the "futures broker"). Initial margin payments will be deposited with the Fund's custodian bank in an account registered in the futures broker's name. However, the futures broker can gain access to that account only under certain specified conditions. As the future is marked to market (that is, its value on the Fund's books is changed) to reflect changes in its market value, subsequent margin payments, called variation margin, will be paid to or by the futures broker daily.

At any time prior to the expiration of the future, the Fund may elect to close out its position by taking an opposite position at which time a final determination of variation margin is made and additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund. Any gain or loss is then realized by the Fund on the future for tax purposes. Although interest rate futures by their terms call for settlement by the delivery of debt securities, in most cases the obligation is fulfilled without such delivery by entering into an offsetting transaction. All futures transactions are effected through a clearing house associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded.

The Fund may concurrently buy and sell futures contracts in a strategy anticipating that the future the Fund purchased will perform better than the future the Fund sold. For example, the Fund might buy municipal bond futures and concurrently sell U.S. Treasury Bond futures (a type of interest rate future). The Fund would benefit if municipal bonds outperform U.S. Treasury Bonds on a duration-adjusted basis.

Duration is a volatility measure that refers to the expected percentage change in the value of a bond resulting from a change in general interest rates (measured by each 1% change in the rates on U.S. Treasury securities). For example, if a bond has an effective duration of three years, a 1% increase in general interest rates would be expected to cause the value of the bond to decline about 3%. There are risks that this type of futures strategy will not be successful. U.S. Treasury bonds might perform better on a duration-adjusted basis than municipal bonds, and the assumptions about duration that were used might be incorrect (in this case, the duration of municipal bonds relative to U.S. Treasury Bonds might have been greater than anticipated).

Put and Call Options.   Put options (sometimes referred to as "puts") give the holder the right to sell an asset for an agreed-upon price. Call options (sometimes referred to as "calls") give the holder the right to buy an asset at an agreed-upon price.

Purchasing Puts and Calls. The Fund may buy calls only on securities, broadly-based municipal bond indices, municipal bond index futures and interest rate futures. It may also buy calls to close out a call it has written, as discussed above. A call or put option may not be purchased if the purchase would cause the value of all the Fund's put and call options to exceed 5% of its total assets. 

When the Fund purchases a call (other than in a closing purchase transaction), it pays a premium. For calls on securities that the Fund buys, it has the right to buy the underlying investment from a seller of a corresponding call on the same investment during the call period at a fixed exercise price. The Fund benefits only if (1) the call is sold at a profit or (2) the call is exercised when the market price of the underlying investment is above the sum of the exercise price plus the transaction costs and premium paid for the call. If the call is not exercised nor sold (whether or not at a profit), it will become worthless at its expiration date. In that case the Fund will lose its premium payment and the right to purchase the underlying investment. 

Calls on municipal bond indices, interest rate futures and municipal bond index futures are settled in cash rather than by delivering the underlying investment. Gain or loss depends on changes in the securities included in the index in question (and thus on price movements in the debt securities market generally) rather than on changes in price of the individual futures contract. 

The Fund may buy only those puts that relate to securities that it owns, broadly-based municipal bond indices, municipal bond index futures or interest rate futures (whether or not the Fund owns the futures). 

When the Fund purchases a put, it pays a premium. The Fund then has the right to sell the underlying investment to a seller of a corresponding put on the same investment during the put period at a fixed exercise price. Puts on municipal bond indices are settled in cash. Buying a put on a debt security, interest rate future or municipal bond index future the Fund owns enables it to protect itself during the put period against a decline in the value of the underlying investment below the exercise price. If the market price of the underlying investment is equal to or above the exercise price and as a result the put is not exercised or resold, the put will become worthless at its expiration date. In that case the Fund will lose its premium payment and the right to sell the underlying investment. A put may be sold prior to expiration (whether or not at a profit).

Writing Covered Call Options. The Fund may write (that is, sell) call options. The Fund's call writing is subject to a number of restrictions:

When the Fund writes a call on a security, it receives cash (a premium). The Fund agrees to sell the underlying investment to a purchaser of a corresponding call on the same security during the call period at a fixed exercise price regardless of market price changes during the call period. The call period is usually not more than nine months. The exercise price may differ from the market price of the underlying security. The Fund has retained the risk of loss that the price of the underlying security may decline during the call period. That risk may be offset to some extent by the premium the Fund receives. If the value of the investment does not rise above the call price, it is likely that the call will lapse without being exercised. In that case the Fund would keep the cash premium and the investment. 

When the Fund writes a call on an index, it receives cash (a premium). If the buyer of the call exercises it, the Fund will pay an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing price of the call and the exercise price, multiplied by the specified multiple that determines the total value of the call for each point of difference. If the value of the underlying investment does not rise above the call price, it is likely that the call will lapse without being exercised. In that case the Fund would keep the cash premium. 

The Fund's custodian bank, or a securities depository acting for the custodian bank, will act as the Fund's escrow agent through the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation ("OCC"), as to the investments on which the Fund has written calls traded on exchanges, or as to other acceptable escrow securities. In that way, no margin will be required for such transactions. OCC will release the securities on the expiration of the calls or upon the Fund's entering into a closing purchase transaction. 

When the Fund writes an over-the-counter ("OTC") option, it will enter into an arrangement with a primary U.S. government securities dealer which will establish a formula price at which the Fund will have the absolute right to repurchase that OTC option. The formula price would generally be based on a multiple of the premium received for the option, plus the amount by which the option is exercisable below the market price of the underlying security (that is, the option is "in-the-money"). When the Fund writes an OTC option, it will treat as illiquid (for purposes of its restriction on illiquid securities) the mark-to-market value of any OTC option held by it, unless the option is subject to a buy-back agreement by the executing broker. 

To terminate its obligation on a call it has written, the Fund may purchase a corresponding call in a "closing purchase transaction." The Fund will then realize a profit or loss, depending upon whether the net of the amount of the option transaction costs and the premium received on the call the Fund wrote was more or less than the price of the call the Fund purchased to close out the transaction. A profit may also be realized if the call lapses unexercised, because the Fund retains the underlying investment and the premium received. Any such profits are considered short-term capital gains for federal tax purposes, as are premiums on lapsed calls. When distributed by the Funds they are taxable as ordinary income.

Writing Uncovered Call Options on Futures Contracts. The Funds may also write calls on futures contracts without owning the futures contract or securities deliverable under the contract. To do so, at the time the call is written, the Fund must cover the call by segregating in escrow an equivalent dollar value of liquid assets. The Fund will segregate additional liquid assets if the value of the escrowed assets drops below 100% of the current value of the future. Because of this escrow requirement, in no circumstances would the Fund's receipt of an exercise notice as to that future put the Fund in a "short" futures position.

Interest Rate Swaps. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their rights to receive interest payments on a security or payments based on a reference rate. For example, they might swap the right to receive floating rate payments based on a reference rate such as "LIBOR" for the right to receive fixed rate payments.

Interest rate swaps entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that based on movements of interest rates, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments it receives. Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty might default. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund may lose the net amount of contractual interest payments that it has not yet received.

The Fund may not enter into interest rate swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets.

Risks of Derivatives and Hedging Instruments. The use of derivatives and hedging instruments requires special skills and knowledge of investment techniques that are different than those required for normal portfolio management. These risks include the following:

Selection Risk.   If the Sub-Adviser uses an option at the wrong time or judges market conditions incorrectly, or if the prices of its options positions are not correlated with its other investments, a hedging strategy may reduce returns or cause losses. If a covered call option is sold on an investment that increases in value, if the call is exercised, no gain will be realized on the increase in the investment's value above the call price. A put option on a security that does not decline in value will cost the amount of the purchase price and without providing any benefit if it cannot be resold.

Liquidity Risk. Losses might also be realized if a position could not be closed out because of illiquidity in the market for an option. An option position may be closed out only on a market that provides secondary trading for options of the same series, and there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option.

Leverage Risk . Premiums paid for options are small compared to the market value of the underlying investments. Consequently, options may involve large amounts of leverage, which could result in the Fund's net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of the underlying investments.

Correlation Risk . If the Fund sells futures or purchases puts on broadly-based indices or futures to attempt to protect against declines in the value of its portfolio securities, it may be subject to the risk that the prices of the futures or the applicable index will not correlate with the prices of those portfolio securities. For example, the market or the index might rise but the value of the hedged portfolio securities might decline. In that case, the Fund would lose money on the hedging instruments and also experience a decline in the value of the portfolio securities. Over time, however, the value of a diversified portfolio of securities will tend to move in the same direction as the indices upon which related hedging instruments are based.

The risk of imperfect correlation increases as the composition of the portfolio diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the portfolio securities being hedged and movements in the price of the hedging instruments, the Fund might use a greater dollar amount of hedging instruments than the dollar amount of portfolio securities being hedged, particularly if the historical price volatility of the portfolio securities being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the applicable index.

Transaction Costs . Option activities might also affect portfolio turnover rates and brokerage commissions. The portfolio turnover rate might increase if the Fund is required to sell portfolio securities that are subject to call options it has sold or if it exercises put options it has bought. Although the decision to exercise a put it holds is within the Fund's control, holding a put might create an additional reason to purchase a security. There may also be a brokerage commission on each purchase or sale of a put or call option. Those commissions may be higher on a relative basis than the commissions for direct purchases or sales of the underlying investments. A brokerage commission may also be paid for each purchase or sale of an underlying investment in connection with the exercise of a put or call.

Asset Coverage for Certain Investments and Trading Practices. A Fund will segregate with its custodian or otherwise designate on its books and records liquid assets in an amount the Fund believes to be adequate to ensure that it has sufficient liquid assets to meet its obligations under its derivatives contracts, or the Fund may engage in other measures to "cover" its obligations with respect to such transactions. Depending upon the contractual terms of the derivatives instrument, the customary settlement practice associated with the derivative instrument and the instrument's liquidity, among other things, the amounts that are segregated or designated may be based on the notional (or contract) amount of the derivative or on the daily mark-to-market obligation under the derivatives contract. These amounts may be reduced by amounts on deposit with the applicable broker or counterparty to the derivatives transaction. With respect to less liquid derivative instruments (or in other situations in which the Sub-Adviser believes it necessary), a Fund may segregate amounts in addition to the amounts described above. By segregating or designating liquid assets equal to only the mark-to-market obligation under a derivatives contract, a Fund will have the ability to utilize these instruments to a greater extent than if the Fund segregated or designated liquid assets equal to the full market value of the underlying asset or the notional (or contract) amount of the instrument.

In certain circumstances, a Fund may enter into an offsetting position rather than segregating or designating liquid assets (e.g., the Fund may "cover" a written put option with a purchased put option with the same or higher exercise price). Although the Sub-Adviser will attempt to ensure that a Fund has sufficient liquid assets to meet its obligations under its derivative contracts, it is possible that the Fund's liquid assets may be insufficient to support such obligations under its derivatives positions.

Segregating or designating a large percentage of the Fund's liquid assets could impede the Sub-Adviser's ability to manage the Fund's portfolio. A Fund may modify its asset segregation policies from time to time.

Regulatory Aspects of Derivatives and Hedging Instruments. As a result of recent amendments to rules under the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA") by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), the Manager must either operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to a Fund's use of futures, options on such futures, commodity options and certain swaps, or be subject to registration with the CFTC as a "commodity pool operator" ("CPO") with respect to a Fund, and, upon the finalization of additional CFTC rules, be required to operate a Fund in compliance with certain disclosure, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements.

Previously, the CFTC permitted unlimited futures transactions and options thereon, so long as a fund had claimed an exclusion from registration as a CPO, and swap contracts were not formerly regulated by the CFTC. Under the amended rules, the investment adviser of a registered investment company may claim an exemption from registration as a CPO only if the registered investment company that it advises uses futures contracts, options on such futures, commodity options and certain swaps solely for "bona fide hedging purposes," or limits its use of such instruments for non-bona fide hedging purposes to certain de minimis amounts.

While the Manager will be registered as a CPO under the CEA, the Manager currently intends to limit a Fund's use of futures, options on such futures, commodity options and certain swaps in order to permit such Fund to continue to claim an exemption under the CFTC rules. As such, with respect to the management of a Fund, the Manager will not be subject to the disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping requirements under the CFTC rules.

Financial reform legislation enacted in 2010 that is currently being implemented imposes execution and clearing requirements on certain types of over-the-counter derivatives, among other things. In a cleared derivatives transaction, a Fund's ultimate counterparty is a central derivatives clearing organization, or clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. A Fund will enter into cleared derivatives transactions with an executing broker. Such transactions then will be submitted for clearing and, if cleared, will be held in accounts at regulated futures commission merchants that are members of central clearing house counterparties. In contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, cleared derivatives transactions are submitted for clearing to central clearing house counterparties immediately following execution of the agreement. Central clearing house counterparties and the members of such clearing houses generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that was required at the beginning of a transaction.

A Fund is also subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared derivatives transaction, no futures commission merchant or clearing house counterparty is willing or able to clear the transaction on a Fund's behalf. In such an event, a Fund is likely to have to pay a termination amount to the executing broker. Further, the assets of a Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of a Fund's futures commission merchant or the clearing house counterparty, because a Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of the futures commission merchant's customers. Also, a Fund is subject to the risk that the futures commission merchant will use a Fund's assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the futures commission merchant's other customers, to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the futures commission merchant to the clearing house counterparty. In addition, futures commission merchants generally provide to the clearing house counterparty the net amount of variation margin required for cleared derivatives for all customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount for each customer. A Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house counterparty will not make variation margin payments owed to a Fund if another customer of the futures commission merchant has suffered a loss and is in default. In cleared derivatives transactions, a Fund is also required to post initial as well as variation margin, thus increasing the cost of transacting in this type of instrument.

The ultimate impact of the 2010 financial reform legislation and related regulations remains unclear. New regulations could, among other things, restrict a Fund's ability to engage in, or increase the cost to a Fund of, derivatives transactions.

Illiquid Securities. Generally, an illiquid asset is an asset that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which it has been valued. Under the Fund's procedures for determining liquidity, the Sub-Adviser determines the liquidity of portfolio investments. The Sub-Adviser takes into account the trading activity and potential purchasers for the securities, among other factors. The Sub-Adviser monitors holdings of illiquid securities on an ongoing basis to determine whether to sell any holdings to maintain adequate liquidity. Liquidity may dissipate at anytime and there can be no assurance that the Sub-Adviser's liquidity determinations will be correct or that a reduction in liquidity will not occur between the time such determination is made and an event prompting the Fund to sell a security.

Liquidity Facility. The Fund can participate in a program offered by ReFlow, LLC ("ReFlow") which provides additional liquidity to help the Fund meet shareholder redemptions without having to liquidate portfolio securities or borrow money, each of which imposes certain costs on the Fund. ReFlow is designed to provide an alternative source of funding to help meet shareholder redemptions while minimizing the Fund's costs and cash flow disruptions (compared to selling portfolio securities or other liquidity facilities such as a line of credit) and allowing the Fund to remain more fully invested. ReFlow provides this liquidity by being prepared to purchase Fund shares, at the Fund's closing net asset value, equal to the amount of the Fund's net redemptions on any given day. On subsequent days when the Fund experiences net subscriptions, ReFlow redeems its holdings at the Fund's net asset value on that day. When the Fund participates in the ReFlow program, it pays ReFlow a fee at a rate determined by a daily auction with other participating mutual funds in the ReFlow program. There is no assurance that ReFlow will have sufficient funds available to meet the Fund's liquidity needs on a particular day and ReFlow is prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

Loans of Portfolio Securities. Securities lending pursuant to a Securities Lending Agency Agreement (the "Securities Lending Agreement") with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, doing business as Goldman Sachs Agency Lending ("Goldman Sachs"), may be used to attempt to increase income. Loans of portfolio securities must comply with all applicable regulations and with the Fund's Securities Lending Procedures adopted by the Board. The terms of any loans must also meet applicable tests under the Internal Revenue Code.

There are certain risks in connection with securities lending, including possible delays in receiving additional collateral to secure a loan, or a delay or expenses in recovery of the loaned securities. Goldman Sachs has agreed, in general, to guarantee the obligations of borrowers to return loaned securities and to be responsible for certain expenses relating to securities lending. Under the Securities Lending Agreement, the Fund's securities lending procedures and applicable regulatory requirements (which are subject to change), the Fund must receive collateral from the borrower consisting of cash, bank letters of credit or securities of the U.S. government (or its agencies or instrumentalities). On each business day, the amount of collateral that the Fund has received must at least equal the value of the loaned securities. If the Fund receives cash collateral from the borrower, the Sub-Adviser, in its capacity as the Fund's collateral administrator, may invest that cash in certain high quality, short-term investments, including in money market funds advised by the Manager. The Fund will be subject to its proportional share of the expenses of such money market funds, including the advisory fee payable to the Manager or its affiliate as adviser to such funds. The Sub-Adviser may charge a collateral administration fee of 0.08% on the value of cash collateral invested in other securities. All of the Fund's collateral investments must comply with its securities lending procedures. The Fund will be responsible for the risks associated with the investment of cash collateral, including the risk that the Fund may lose money on the investment or may fail to earn sufficient income to meet its obligations to the borrower.

The terms of the loans must permit the Fund to recall loaned securities on five business days' notice and the Fund will seek to recall loaned securities in time to vote on any matters that the Sub-Adviser determines would have a material effect on the Fund's investment. The Securities Lending Agreement may be terminated by either Goldman Sachs or the Fund on 30 days' written notice.

The Fund limits loans of portfolio securities to not more than 25% of its net assets.

Temporary Defensive and Interim Investments. The securities the Fund may invest in for temporary defensive purposes include the following:

• short-term municipal securities;

• obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities;

• corporate debt securities rated within the three highest grades by a nationally recognized rating agency;

• commercial paper rated "A-1" by S&P, or a comparable rating by another nationally recognized rating agency; and

• certificates of deposit of domestic banks with assets of $1 billion or more.

The Fund also might hold these types of securities pending the investment of proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities or to meet anticipated redemptions of Fund shares. The income from some of the temporary defensive or interim investments may not be tax-exempt. Therefore, when making those investments, the Fund might not achieve its objective.

Investment Restrictions

Fundamental Policies. The Fund has adopted policies and restrictions to govern its investments. Under the Investment Company Act, fundamental policies are those policies that can be changed only by the vote of a "majority" of the Fund's outstanding voting securities, which is defined as the vote of the holders of the lesser of:

• 67% or more of the shares present or represented by proxy at a shareholder meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented by proxy; or

• more than 50% of the outstanding shares.

The Fund's investment objective is not a fundamental policy. Other policies described in the Prospectus or this SAI are "fundamental" only if they are identified as such. The Fund's Board of Trustees can change non-fundamental policies without shareholder approval. However, significant changes to investment policies will be described in supplements or updates to the Prospectus or this SAI, as appropriate.  The Fund's most significant investment policies are described in the Prospectus.

Other Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following investment restrictions are fundamental policies of the Fund.