Filed pursuant to Rule 497(c)
1933 Act File No. 333-168569
1940 Act File No. 811-22447

EQUINOX EQUITYHEDGE U.S. FUND (CLASS A SHARES) (CLASS I SHARES) (CLASS C SHARES)

 

PROSPECTUS  |   June 27, 2013

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

of Equinox Funds Trust

Class A Shares: EEHAX

Class I Shares: EEHIX

Class C Shares: EEHCX

Investment Adviser:

Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP

47 Hulfish Street, Suite 510

Princeton, NJ 08542

1-888-643-3431

 

This Prospectus provides important information about the Fund that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

FUND SUMMARY     1   

Investment Objective

    1   

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

    1   

Principal Investment Strategies

    2   

Principal Investment Risks

    3   

Performance

    7   

Investment Adviser

    7   

Portfolio Managers

    7   

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

    7   

Tax Information

    7   

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

    7   
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS     7   

Investment Objectives

    7   

Principal Investment Strategies

    8   

Principal Investment Risks

    9   

Temporary Investments

    16   

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure

    16   
MANAGEMENT     16   

Investment Adviser

    16   

Portfolio Managers

    16   
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED     18   
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES     18   
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES     23   
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES     25   
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT TAXES     27   
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES     29   

Distributor

    29   

Distribution Fees

    29   

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries

    29   

Householding

    29   
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS     29   


FUND SUMMARY

 

Investment Objective:     The Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to achieve capital appreciation with moderate correlation to and with less volatility than the S&P 500 Index.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund:     The table below describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on purchases of Class A shares if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $25,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional or in “How to Purchase Shares” beginning on page 18 of this Prospectus and in “Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares” beginning on page 27 of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

 

       Class A     Class I      Class C  

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

(as a % of offering price)

     5.75%        None         None   

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load)

(as a % of original purchase price)

     1.00% (1)       None         None   

Maximum Sales Charge (Load)

Imposed on Reinvested Dividends and other Distributions

     None        None         None   

Redemption Fee (2)

(as a % of amount redeemed, if sold before 30 days)

     1.00%        1.00%         1.00%   

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

 

Management Fees      1.95%         1.95%         1.95%   
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees      0.25%         None         1.00%   
Other Expenses (3)      0.60%         0.60%         0.60%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (4)      2.80%         2.55%         3.55%   
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (4)      (0.31)%         (0.31)%         (0.31)%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (after Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement) (4)      2.49%         2.24%         3.24%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) A contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) of 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of Class A shares made within 12 months after a purchase of Class A shares where no initial sales charge was paid at time of purchase as part of an investment of $1,000,000 or more. You should contact your financial intermediary to determine whether you are subject to the CDSC.

 

(2) The Fund’s transfer agent charges a $15.00 fee for each wire redemption.

 

(3) “Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. “Other Expenses” do not include costs associated with any over-the-counter derivatives that provide the Fund with exposure to the Quest Hedging Program (defined below), which is the primary manner in which the Fund intends to implement the Fund’s Hedging Strategy. Costs associated with such derivative instruments include any fee paid to the Fund’s counterparty and the fees and expenses associated with the Quest Hedging Program referenced by such derivative instruments. Such costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table, are deducted from the return of any such derivative instruments and, therefore, represent an indirect cost of investing in the Fund. The Adviser anticipates that any investment in the Quest Hedging Program through a derivative instrument will indirectly subject the Fund to aggregate counterparty fees and management fees of the Quest Hedging Program of up to 0.60% per annum of the Fund’s net assets.

 

(4) Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP (“Equinox” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce its advisory fee and/or reimburse certain expenses of the Fund, to ensure that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses, excluding (i) taxes, (ii) interest, (iii) extraordinary items, (iv) “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses,” (v) any class specific fees and expenses, and (vi) brokerage commissions, do not exceed, on an annual basis, 2.24% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Fund until at least July 31, 2014. This agreement may be terminated only by the Fund’s Board of Trustees on 60 days written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser shall be entitled to recover, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, such waived or reimbursed amounts for a period of up to three (3) years from the year in which the Adviser reduced its compensation and/or assumed expenses for the Fund. The Adviser is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Fund, subject to certain limitations, for fees it waived and Fund expenses it paid to the extent the total annual fund operating expenses for a Class do not exceed the limits described above or any lesser limits in effect at the time of reimbursement. The amount of the fee waiver/expense reimbursement shown is an estimate based on expenses estimated for this fiscal year.

Expense Example:     This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your

 

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investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

       1 Year      3 Years  
Class A    $ 813       $ 1,366   
Class I    $ 227       $ 764   
Class C    $ 327       $ 1,060   

Portfolio Turnover:     The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities or derivative instruments (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs (which are not reflected in “Annual Fund Operating Expenses” in the table above or in the Example) affect the Fund’s performance.

Principal Investment Strategies:

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by allocating its assets between two broad strategies: (1) the Equity Strategy and (2) the Hedge Strategy.

The Equity Strategy .     The Fund pursues its equity strategy by investing at least 80% of its assets in equity or equity-related securities that are traded in U.S. markets or the issuers of which are domiciled in the United States. To implement its equity strategy, the Fund uses a “manager of managers” approach and, accordingly, selects and oversees multiple sub-advisers who manage separate segments or “sleeves” of the Fund’s portfolio. When allocating the Fund’s assets to one or more sub-advisers, the Adviser considers, among other things, the current macroeconomic outlook, due diligence and risk management analysis, relative valuation levels and volatility in the markets, market flows and market liquidity, and information relating to business cycles. The Fund’s assets will be managed by at least three sub-advisers, and additionally, no more than 30% of the Fund’s assets will be allocated to a single sub-adviser. The Adviser, at its discretion, may also directly invest a portion of the Fund’s assets.

The sub-advisers selected by the Adviser will generally pursue an equity investment strategy by investing in companies believed to be undervalued or which offer a strong potential for appreciation relative to the broader market. Although the Fund invests primarily in publicly traded U.S. securities, the Fund may generally invest up to 20% in foreign and emerging market securities (excluding ADRs traded on U.S. markets), including securities quoted in foreign currencies. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies in the same sector, market capitalization and/or geographic categories; however; the Fund generally will not invest more than 25% of its assets in a single industry.

Each sub-adviser has discretion to invest its portion of the Fund’s assets as it deems appropriate within the constraints of the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and restrictions. The Fund may hold up to 20% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents, money market funds and short-term fixed-income securities.

The Hedging Strategy .     The Fund also uses an overlay strategy to hedge the Fund’s overall exposure to the equity markets. The Adviser currently implements its hedging strategy by entering into one or more total return swap agreements that provide exposure to the Quest Dynamic Financial Hedge Program (the “Quest Hedging Program”), which is a proprietary systematic futures trading strategy of Quest Partners LLP (“Quest”), a commodity trading advisor registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, designed to provide a hedge for investment portfolios that are comprised primarily of long positions in equity securities. The Quest Hedging Program, based on Quest’s proprietary models, hedges long equity market exposure in each of three ways:

 

 

Equity Index Timing     This component of the program seeks to provide dynamic hedge protection in respect of equity markets by taking short equity index futures positions to protect during the occurrence or development of well-defined and identifiable downward trends. Positions can be increased/decreased when Quest’s models indicate downward trends/upward trends in the equity markets. This component is generally expected to be most effective during well-defined trending periods in equity markets, but less so during choppy markets that are marked by frequent trend reversals.

 

 

Trend Following     The Trend Following component is comprised of long or short positions in futures contracts that provide exposure to the equity, fixed income, and currency asset classes. The size and direction of positions in the Trend Following Component is determined in accordance with “trend following” strategies that attempt to identify directional indicators or “trade signals” (such as current market prices and moving average prices) of one or more global market segments (either up or down). Buy and sell decisions within this component are based on an assessment of these trade signals. This component is expected to be most effective when equity markets are falling or market volatility is expanding.

 

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Beta Range Stabilization     The Beta Range Stabilization component aims to supplement the first two components by seeking to maintain the “beta” (or ß) of the Quest Hedging Program within a reasonable band of the equity markets as measured by a broad equity index (typically the S&P 500). The Quest Hedging Program generally achieves this by buying or selling equity index futures. Beta is a measure of the systematic risk, of a security or a portfolio in comparison to the market as a whole. Beta expresses how a security or portfolio has performed and is expected to perform in changing markets as follows: A 1% change in the index is expected to result, on average, in a ß% change in the value of the security or portfolio. Thus, a ß of +1.0 indicates that the portfolio is expected to increase in value by 1%, on average, when the index goes up by 1%; by extension, a ß greater than +1.0 indicates that the portfolio is expected to have, on average, greater than a 1% increase in value for a 1% change in the index. A ß between 0 and +1.0 indicates that the portfolio is expected, on average, to increase by less than 1% when the index has a 1% move. This component of the Quest Hedging Program attempts to provide more stable and less volatile returns by maintaining a beta range between -0.50 and 0.10. This component is utilized when market data indicates that the equity markets are highly volatile and choppy.

The Adviser attempts to maintain the Fund’s beta range between 0.50 and 1.10.

The Fund may also access the Quest Hedging Program through a “Trading Company” managed by Quest. A Trading Company is a pooled investment vehicle typically organized as a limited liability company and operated as a commodity pool. Although it does not currently intend to do so, the Adviser may implement its hedging strategy by allocating the Fund’s assets directly to sub-advisers or investing in Trading Companies or other investment companies that employ specific hedging strategies other than the Quest Hedging Program, in addition to or in place of the Quest Hedging Program.

Under normal market conditions, the Fund may hold up to 20% of its net assets in cash or cash equivalents, money market funds and short-term fixed-income securities. These cash equivalents and short-term investments may serve as margin and collateral for the derivatives positions of the Fund. The Fund will generally invest in investment grade fixed income securities rated in the four highest categories by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”). In addition to the Fund’s Hedging Strategy, dependent on the market or other conditions and as determined by the Adviser, the Fund may invest part or all of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, money market funds and short-term fixed-income securities. During such periods, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.

Principal Investment Risks.     As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose money through your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any government agency. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Many factors affect the Fund’s net asset value and performance.

 

 

Management Risk.     The Adviser engages one or more sub-advisers to make investment decisions on its behalf for a portion of the Fund. The Adviser’s asset allocation decisions among various sub-advisers and investment strategies may not anticipate market trends successfully. There is a risk that the Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers.

The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential positive or negative performance of any sub-adviser, the Quest Hedging Program (or any other similar hedging strategy) or any particular security or derivative in which the Adviser invests may prove to be inaccurate and may not produce the desired results.

 

 

Multi-Manager Risk:     Because each sub-adviser makes investment decisions independently, it is possible that the security selection process of the sub-advisers may not complement one another. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to a given security, industry sector or market capitalization could be smaller or larger than would be the case if the Fund was managed by a single sub-adviser. It is possible that one or more of the sub-advisers may, at any time, take positions that may be opposite of positions taken by other sub-advisers. In such cases, the Fund will incur brokerage and other transaction costs, without accomplishing any net investment results. Sub-advisers also may be competing with one another for similar positions at the same time, which could have the result of increasing a security’s cost. The multi-manager approach could increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rates which may result in higher levels of realized capital gains or losses with respect to the Fund’s portfolio securities, and higher brokerage commissions and other transaction costs. The sub-advisers selected may underperform the market generally or other sub-advisers that could have been selected for the Fund.

 

 

Hedging Strategy Risk.     The profitability of the Fund’s investment (typically through a swap agreement) in the Quest Hedging Program depends primarily on the ability of Quest to anticipate price movements in the relevant markets and underlying derivative instruments and futures contracts. Such price movements are influenced by, among other things:

 

   

changes in interest rates;

 

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governmental, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies;

 

   

changing supply and demand relationships;

 

   

changes in balances of payments and trade;

 

   

U.S. and international rates of inflation and deflation;

 

   

currency devaluations and revaluations;

 

   

U.S. and international political and economic events; and

 

   

changes in philosophies and emotions of various market participants.

The Quest Hedging Program may not take all of these factors into account. In addition, the Fund will indirectly bear the expenses, including management fees, and transaction fees, associated with the Quest Hedging Program through reduced returns.

The successful use of futures contracts draws upon Quest’s skill and experience with respect to such instruments and are subject to special risk considerations. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are:

 

   

Futures and forward contracts have a high degree of price variability and are subject to occasional rapid and substantial changes;

 

   

the imperfect correlation between the change in the price of those contracts and the market value of the reference assets with respect to such contracts;

 

   

possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a forward or futures contract and the resulting inability to close a forward or futures contract when desired;

 

   

possible market disruption or other extraordinary events, including but not limited to, governmental intervention;

 

   

losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited;

 

   

Quest’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and

 

   

the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations.

The use of futures contracts, forward contracts and derivative instruments will have the economic effect of financial leverage. Financial leverage magnifies exposure to the swings in prices of an asset class underlying an investment and results in increased volatility, and potentially greater losses. There is no assurance that the Fund’s investment in Quest Hedging Program with leveraged exposure to certain investments and markets will act as a successful hedging strategy or enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

 

 

Common Stock Investment Risk.     Because the Fund will normally invest a substantial portion of its assets in common stocks, the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be affected by changes in the stock markets. At times, the stock markets can be volatile, and stock prices can change drastically. Market risk will affect the Fund’s net asset value, which will fluctuate as the values of the Fund’s portfolio securities and other assets change. Not all stock prices change uniformly or at the same time, and not all stock markets move in the same direction at the same time. In addition, other factors can adversely affect a particular stock’s prices (for example, poor management decisions, poor earnings reports by an issuer, loss of major customers, competition, major litigation against an issuer, or changes in government regulations affecting an industry). Not all of these factors or their affects can be predicted.

 

 

Swap Agreements and Derivatives Risk.     The use of swap agreements and other derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities, commodities or currencies underlying those derivatives. Derivatives have economic leverage inherent in their terms that will magnify losses. There may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of derivatives and the underlying asset upon which they are based. Purchased options may expire worthless. Derivative counterparties may default. There may not always be a liquid secondary market for derivative contracts. Trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange, and government regulations may restrict trading in futures contracts and options.

 

 

Counterparty Risk.     The swap agreements and other derivative contracts entered into by the Fund may be privately negotiated in the over-the-counter market. These contracts also involve exposure to credit risk, since contract performance depends, in part, on the financial condition of the counterparty. If a privately negotiated over-the-counter contract calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the Fund may not receive payments owed under the contract, or such payments may be delayed under such circumstances and the value of agreements with such counterparty can be expected to decline, potentially resulting in losses by the Fund.

 

4


 

Credit Risk.     If a security issuer or a counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease significantly. Relying on a counterparty exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. In addition, the credit quality of securities may be lowered if an issuer’s financial condition changes.

 

 

Currency Risk.     The Fund’s exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Fund to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar, or, in the case of short positions, that the U.S. Dollar will decline in value relative to the currency that the Fund is short. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for any number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad.

 

 

Emerging Market Risk.     The Fund may have some exposure to emerging markets. Emerging markets are riskier than more developed markets because they tend to develop unevenly and may never fully develop. Investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative. Emerging markets are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns to U.S. investors. In addition, many emerging financial markets have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than developed markets.

 

 

Equity Securities Risk.     Common and preferred stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. Warrants and rights may expire worthless if the price of a common stock is below the conversion price of the warrant or right. Convertible bonds may decline in value if the price of a common stock falls below the conversion price. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

 

 

Fixed-Income Securities Risk.     Fixed income securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk, as described more fully above, refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security will be unable to make interest payments or repay principal when it becomes due. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a debt security resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. Prices of fixed income securities tend to move inversely with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in rates will adversely affect fixed income security prices and, accordingly, the Fund’s returns and net asset value. In addition, the Fund may be subject to “call” risk, which is the risk that during a period of falling interest rates the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early (which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates), and “extension” risk, which occurs during a rising interest rate environment because certain obligations will be paid off by an issuer more slowly than anticipated (causing the value of those securities held by the Fund to fall).

 

 

Foreign Market Risk.     There is less legal and regulatory protection for investors in foreign markets than that available domestically. Additionally, trading on foreign exchanges is subject to the risks presented by exchange controls, expropriation, increased tax burdens and exposure to local economic declines and political instability. Some foreign derivative markets are so-called principals’ markets in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual counterparty with whom the trader has entered into a futures transaction and not of the exchange or clearing corporation. International trading activities are subject to foreign exchange and currency risk.

 

 

General Market Risk.     The Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund, or the Fund could underperform other investments.

 

 

Government Intervention and Regulatory Changes.     The recent instability in financial markets has led the government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that are exposed to extreme volatility and in some cases lack of liquidity. For example, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) (which was passed into law in July 2010) significantly revises and expands the rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement authority of federal bank, securities and commodities regulators. It is unclear how these regulators will exercise these revised and expanded powers and whether they will undertake rulemaking, supervisory or enforcement actions that would adversely affect the Fund or investments made by the Fund. There can be no assurance that future regulatory actions authorized by the Dodd-Frank Act will not adversely impact the Fund. Major changes resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act or other legislative or regulatory actions could materially affect the profitability of the Fund or the value of investments made by the Fund or force the Fund to revise its investment strategy or divest certain of its investments. Any of these developments could expose the Fund to additional costs, taxes, liabilities, enforcement actions and reputational risk.

 

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In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act established a new regulatory structure for derivatives. If more restrictive position limits are imposed on investors in the commodity futures and other derivative markets, the Quest Hedging Program and other programs in which Trading Companies invest, and as a result, the Fund, may be adversely affected. Similarly, changes in the regulation of foreign currency-related trading arising from the Dodd-Frank Act may make such trading more expensive for the Fund, and otherwise limit the Fund’s ability to engage in such trading, which could adversely affect the Fund.

In 2012, the CFTC adopted certain rule amendments that significantly affected the exemptions from CFTC regulations that were available to the Fund. Effective January 1, 2013, the Fund is subject to CFTC regulations because of these changes. At the time of the CFTC’s adoption of the rule amendments, the Adviser was (and continues to be) registered as a commodity pool operator and, accordingly, is subject to CFTC regulations. The on-going compliance implications of these amendments are not yet fully effective and their scope of application is still uncertain. CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations will apply with respect to the Fund once the CFTC proposal that seeks to “harmonize” these obligations with overlapping SEC regulations is finalized. The effects of these regulatory changes could increase Fund expenses, reduce investment returns or limit the Fund’s ability to implement its investment strategy.

 

 

Indirect Fees and Expenses.     The cost of investing in the Fund may be higher than the cost of other mutual funds that invest directly in futures, forwards or other derivative instruments. In addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses, you will indirectly bear fees and expenses paid by any hedging program in which the Fund invests (such as the Quest Hedging Program), including brokerage commissions and operating expenses. Further, any investment in a hedging program to be subject to management fees and, potentially, performance-based fees, which are typically based on the leveraged account size or the “notional exposure” of the Fund to the hedging program and not the actual cash invested.

 

 

Leverage/Volatility Risk.     The use of leverage by the Fund (or hedging program in which the Fund may invest such as the Quest Hedging Program) will cause the value of the Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not employ leverage. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other investments. Furthermore, derivative instruments and futures contracts are highly volatile and are subject to occasional rapid and substantial fluctuations. Consequently, you could lose all or substantially all of your investment in the Fund should the Fund’s trading positions suddenly turn unprofitable.

 

 

Limited History of Operations.     The Fund is a new mutual fund and has a limited history of operation. Mutual funds and their advisers are subject to restrictions and limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the Internal Revenue Code that do not apply to an adviser’s management of individual and institutional accounts.

 

 

Liquidity Risk.     The Fund is subject to liquidity risk primarily due to its investments in certain swap agreements and other derivative instruments. Investments in illiquid securities or derivative instruments involve the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell the security or derivative instrument or sell it at a reasonable price.

 

 

Small Market Capitalization Risk.     The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the stocks of companies having smaller market capitalizations, including mid-cap and small-cap stocks. The stocks of these companies often have less liquidity than the stocks of larger companies and these companies frequently have less management depth, narrower market penetrations, less diverse product lines, and fewer resources than larger companies. Due to these and other factors, stocks of smaller companies may be more susceptible to market downturns and other events, and their prices may be more volatile than the stocks of larger companies.

 

 

Non-Diversification Risk.     The Fund is a non-diversified investment company, which means that more of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a single issuer than could be invested in the securities of a single issuer by a diversified investment company. As a result, the Fund has a greater potential to realize losses upon the occurrence of adverse events affecting a particular issuer.

 

 

OTC Trading Risk.     Certain of the derivative instruments, including swap agreements, in which the Fund may invest may be traded (and privately negotiated) in the “over-the-counter” or “OTC” market. While the OTC derivatives market is the primary trading venue for many derivatives, it is largely unregulated. As a result, and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivative contracts.

 

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk.     The Fund may frequently buy and sell portfolio securities and other assets to rebalance the Fund’s exposure to various market sectors. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect.

 

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Short Position Risk.     The Fund either directly, or through the trading strategies employed by a sub-adviser or a hedging program such as the Quest Hedging Program will take short positions on certain derivative instruments and may sell certain securities short. If the price of the security or derivative has increased during this time, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price from the time that the short sale was entered into plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. In contrast to the Fund’s long positions, for which the risk of loss is typically limited to the amount invested, the potential loss on the Fund’s short positions is unlimited. Market factors may prevent the Fund from closing out a short position at the most desirable time or at a favorable price. The Fund will earmark assets as cover or otherwise “cover” its position in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and SEC interpretations thereunder.

Performance:     Because the Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus, no performance information is presented for the Fund at this time. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section of this Prospectus. Shareholder reports containing financial and performance information will be mailed to shareholders semi-annually.

Investment Adviser:     Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP

Portfolio Managers:

Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers

Afroz Qadeer, Co-Chief Investment Officer, portfolio manager of the Fund since 2013.

Sue Osborne, Director of Research, portfolio manager of the Fund since 2013.

Ajay Dravid, Member of Investment Team, portfolio manager of the Fund since 2013.

Rufus Rankin, Member of Investment Team, portfolio manager of the Fund since 2013.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:

Minimum Investment Requirements

 

Purchase Amounts      Class A        Class I        Class C  

Minimum initial investment

     $ 2,500         $ 1,000,000         $ 2,500   

Minimum subsequent investment

     $ 500           No Minimum         $ 500   

You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Redemptions requests may be made in writing, by telephone, or through a financial intermediary and will be paid by check or wire transfer.

Tax Information:     The Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains except when shares are held in a tax-deferred account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Shares that are held in a tax-deferred account may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains once they are withdrawn from the tax-deferred account.

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:     If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS

 

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to achieve capital appreciation with moderate correlation to and with less volatility than the S&P 500 Index.

The Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed upon 60 days written notice to shareholders. There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

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Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by allocating its assets between two strategies: (1) the Equity Strategy and (2) the Hedging Strategy. The Fund’s return will be derived principally from changes in the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio, and the Fund’s assets will consist principally of securities. The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it can invest a greater percentage of its assets in any one issuer than a diversified fund. The Adviser and sub-advisers may engage in frequent buying and selling of portfolio holdings to achieve the Fund’s investment objective.

The Equity Strategy .     The Fund pursues its equity strategy by investing at least 80% of its assets in equity or equity related securities that are traded in U.S. markets or the issuers of which are domiciled in the United States. To implement its equity strategy, the Fund uses a “manager of managers” approach and, accordingly, selects and oversees multiple sub-advisers who manage separate segments or “sleeves” of the Fund’s portfolio. When allocating the Fund’s assets to one or more sub-advisers, the Adviser considers, among other things, the current macroeconomic outlook, due diligence and risk management analysis, relative valuation levels and volatility in the markets, market flows and market liquidity, and information relating to business cycles. The Fund’s assets will be managed by at least three sub-advisers, and additionally, no more than 30% of the Fund’s assets will be allocated to a single sub-adviser. The Adviser may also directly invest a portion of the Fund’s assets.

The sub-advisers selected by the Adviser will generally pursue an equity investment strategy by investing in companies believed to be undervalued or which offer a strong potential for appreciation relative to the broader market. Although the Fund invests primarily in publicly traded U.S. securities, the Fund may invest up to 20% in foreign securities (excluding ADRs traded on U.S. markets), including securities of issuers in countries with emerging markets or economies and securities quoted in foreign currencies. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies in the same sector, market capitalization and/or geographic categories; however, the Fund will not invest more than 25% of its assets in a single industry.

Each sub-adviser has discretion to invest its portion of the Fund’s assets as it deems appropriate within the constraints of the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and restrictions. The Fund may hold up to 20% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents, money market funds and short-term fixed-income securities as described below under “Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments”.

The Adviser has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight of the Board of Trustees (“Board”), to manage the Fund and sub-advisers and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The Adviser has applied for exemptive relief from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). If this exemptive relief is granted, Equinox Funds Trust and the Adviser intend to operate the Fund under the terms of the order and may enter into new sub-advisory agreements or materially amend existing sub-advisory agreements, subject to approval by the Board (including a majority of Independent Trustees), without obtaining shareholder approval.“) There is no assurance that this exemptive relief will be granted by the SEC. The Adviser can hire additional sub-advisers that use any strategy consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and new strategies may be developed in the future.

The Hedging Strategy .     The Fund also uses an overlay strategy to hedge the Fund’s overall exposure to the equity markets. The Adviser currently implements its hedging strategy by entering into one or more swap agreements that provide exposure to the Quest Dynamic Financial Hedge Program (the “Quest Hedging Program”), which is a proprietary systemic futures trading strategy of Quest Partners LLP (“Quest”), a commodity trading advisor registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, designed to provide a hedge for investment portfolios that are comprised primarily of long positions in equity securities.

As part of the Fund’s Hedging Strategy, the Fund will enter into total return swap contracts to gain exposure to certain hedging strategies (initially, the Quest Hedging Program). The Fund intends to use a total return swap agreement (a “Swap”) to gain exposure to managed futures programs which may be based on the performance of a single managed futures program or commodity pool or a customized index or basket of managed futures programs selected by the Adviser. Any Swap will be based on a notional amount agreed upon by the Adviser and a counterparty. Generally, the fees and expenses of a Swap are based on the notional value of the Swap. The value of a Swap typically includes a deduction for fees of the counterparty as well as management and, to the extent applicable, performance fees of the relevant managed futures program. Because the Swap is designed to replicate the returns of one or more managed futures programs selected by the Adviser, the performance of the Fund will depend on the ability of the relevant commodity trading advisor to generate returns in excess of the costs of the relevant Swap(s).

The Adviser also may implement its hedging strategy by allocating the Fund’s assets directly to sub-advisers or investing in commodity pools or other investment companies that employ specific hedging strategies.

Derivatives:     In addition to Swaps, the Fund may invest directly in a variety of other derivative instruments including other over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, exchange-traded futures and option contracts, and forward contracts (including

 

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interbank currencies), or may invest in one or more managed futures programs that utilize such derivative instruments to gain exposure to a wide variety of global markets for currencies, interest rates, and stock market indices. Derivatives may be used as substitutes for securities and currencies and for hedging price risk. In general, a derivative instrument typically involves leverage, i.e., it provides exposure to potential gain or loss from a change in the level of the market price of a security, currency or commodity (or a basket or index) in a notional amount that exceeds the amount of cash or assets required to establish or maintain the derivative contract. A managed futures program (such as the Quest Hedging Program) may take a long or short position in such markets. Any investment in derivative instruments may be subject to fees and transaction costs that will negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments:     Under normal market conditions, the Fund may hold up to 20% of its net assets in cash or cash equivalents, money market funds and short-term fixed-income securities. These cash equivalents and short-term investments may serve as margin and collateral for the derivatives positions of the Fund. In addition to the Fund’s Hedging Strategy, dependent on the market or other conditions and as determined by the Adviser, the Fund may invest part or all of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, money market funds and short-term fixed-income securities. During such periods, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.

Principal Investment Risks:

The risk descriptions below provide a more detailed explanation of the principal investment risks that correspond to the risks described in the Fund Summary section of this Prospectus. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective and you could lose money through your investment in the Fund. The following describes the common risks of the Fund.

Management Risk

The Adviser’s asset allocation decisions among various investments and investment strategies may not anticipate market trends successfully. The Adviser engages one or more sub-advisers to make investment decisions on its behalf for a portion of the Fund. There is a risk that the Adviser may be unable to identify and retain sub-advisers who achieve superior investment returns relative to other similar sub-advisers.

The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential positive or negative performance of any sub-adviser, the Quest Hedging Program (or any other similar hedging strategy) or any particular security or derivative in which the Adviser invests may prove to be inaccurate and may not produce the desired results.

Multi-Manager Risk

Because each sub-adviser of the Fund makes investment decisions independently, it is possible that the security selection process of the sub-advisers may not complement one another. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to a given security, industry sector or market capitalization could be smaller or larger than would be the case if the Fund was managed by a single sub-adviser. It is possible that one or more of the sub-advisers may, at any time, take positions that may be opposite of positions taken by other sub-advisers. In such cases, the Fund will incur brokerage and other transaction costs, without accomplishing any net investment results. Sub-advisers also may be competing with one another for similar positions at the same time, which could have the result of increasing a security’s cost. The multi-manager approach could increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rates which may result in higher levels of realized capital gains or losses with respect to the Fund’s portfolio securities, and higher brokerage commissions and other transaction costs. The sub-advisers selected may underperform the market generally or other sub-advisers that could have been selected for the Fund.

Hedging Strategy Risk

The profitability of any Fund investment in the Quest Hedging Program or other hedging programs depends primarily on the ability of Quest or other manager to anticipate price movements in the relevant markets and underlying derivative instruments and futures contracts. Price movements may be influenced by, among other things: o changes in interest rates;

 

 

governmental, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies;

 

 

changing supply and demand relationships;

 

 

changes in balances of payments and trade;

 

 

U.S. and international rates of inflation and deflation;

 

 

currency devaluations and revaluations;

 

 

U.S. and international political and economic events; and

 

 

changes in philosophies and emotions of various market participants.

 

 

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The Quest Hedging Program or other hedging programs may not take all of these factors into account. The Quest Hedging Program and other hedging programs in which the Fund may invest actively trade derivative instruments using a variety of hedging strategies and investment techniques that may involve significant risks. Such derivative instruments may include futures, options and forward contracts and other derivative instruments that have inherent leverage and price volatility that may result in greater risk than instruments used by a typical mutual fund, and the systematic programs used to trade them may rely on proprietary investment strategies that are not fully disclosed, which may in turn result in risks that are not anticipated. The successful use of futures contracts draws upon Quest’s skill and experience with respect to such instruments and are subject to special risk considerations. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are:

 

 

Futures and forward contracts have a high degree of price variability and are subject to occasional rapid and substantial changes;

 

 

the imperfect correlation between the change in the price of those contracts and the market value of the reference assets with respect to such contracts;

 

 

possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a forward or futures contract and the resulting inability to close a forward or futures contract when desired;

 

 

possible market disruption or other extraordinary events, including but not limited to, governmental intervention;

 

 

losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited;

 

 

Quest’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and

 

 

the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations.

In addition, the Quest Hedging Program, and hedging programs in general, are subject to management fees and could include performance-based fees which further reduce the potential return of the Fund’s investments or the effectiveness of the Fund’s hedging strategy. These costs are in addition to the operating expenses associated with the Fund. The combined impact of these costs will reduce Fund performance. To the extent performance-based fees are applicable, such fees may create an incentive for a program manager to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than they might have made in the absence of such arrangements. The Adviser anticipates that any hedging program will be subject to (i) management fees that range between 0.0% and 2.0% of notional exposure. Because the Fund will utilize programs that implement hedging strategies it is not anticipated that performance-based incentive fees will be applicable but to the extent they are such fees could range from 0.0% to 30.0% of new high net trading profits.

The Quest Hedging Program and other programs are also subject to certain derivative trading costs, including brokerage commissions and various exchange fees. A program’s use of futures contracts, forward contracts and derivative instruments will have the economic effect of financial leverage. Financial leverage magnifies exposure to the swings in prices of an asset class underlying an investment and results in increased volatility, which means the programs (and indirectly the Fund through its exposure in the Quest Hedging Program and other programs) will have the potential for greater losses, as well as the potential for greater gains, than if the program did not employ leverage in its investment activity. Leveraging tends to magnify, sometimes significantly, the effect of any increase or decrease in a program’s exposure to an asset class and may cause the performance of such program to be volatile. Accordingly, the Fund’s NAV may be volatile because of its investment in the Quest Hedging Program or other program.

Common Stock Investment Risk

Because the Fund normally invests a substantial portion of its assets in common stocks, the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be affected by changes in the stock markets. At times, the stock markets can be volatile, and stock prices can change drastically.

This market risk will affect the Fund’s net asset value, which will fluctuate as the values of the Fund’s portfolio securities and other assets change. Not all stock prices change uniformly or at the same time, and not all stock markets move in the same direction at the same time. In addition, other factors can adversely affect a particular stock’s prices (for example, poor management decisions, poor earnings reports by an issuer, loss of major customers, competition, major litigation against an issuer, or changes in government regulations affecting an industry). Not all of these factors nor their affects can be predicted.

Swap Agreements and Derivatives Risk

The Fund will enter into swap agreements and other derivative contracts that provide exposure to a particular hedging strategy (such as the Quest Hedging Program). The Fund may directly, or through investments in hedging strategies, purchase and sell futures contracts on broad-based stock indices (and options on such futures contracts), and may

 

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purchase and write put and call options on such indices. The Fund may also purchase and write call and put options on individual securities and shares of ETFs (and similar investment vehicles). Derivatives are instruments that are based on, and are valued in relation to, one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks or indices, such as futures, options, swap agreements and forward contracts. The value of a derivative depends largely upon price movements in the underlying instrument. Many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying instrument are also applicable to derivatives trading. However, derivatives trading is subject to a number of additional risks. Transactions in certain derivatives are subject to clearance on a U.S. national exchange and to regulatory oversight, while other derivatives are subject to risks of trading in the over-the-counter markets or on non-U.S. exchanges. A small investment in derivative instruments could have a potentially large impact on the Fund’s performance.

Swap Agreements .     Swap agreements can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the Fund’s exposure to long-term or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices, baskets of securities, or inflation rates. Swap agreements can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. The Fund is not limited to any particular form of swap agreement if the Adviser determines that other forms are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Swap agreements will tend to shift the Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, if the Fund agrees to exchange payments in dollars for payments in foreign currency, the swap agreement would tend to decrease the Fund’s exposure to U.S. interest rates and increase its exposure to foreign currency and interest rates. Depending on how they are used, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. The most significant factor in the performance of swap agreements is the change in the specific interest rate, currency, individual equity values or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, the value of a swap agreement is likely to decline if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines. Such a decrease in value might cause the Fund to incur losses.

Recent market developments related to swaps have prompted increased scrutiny with respect to these instruments. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act, swaps may in the future be subject to increased regulation. Such regulation may limit the Fund’s ability to use swaps and increase the cost of using swaps.

Liquidity of Futures Contracts .     The Fund may use futures as part of its strategy. Futures positions may be illiquid because certain commodity exchanges limit fluctuations in certain futures contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Under such daily limits, during a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limits. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in that contract can neither be entered into nor liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. Futures prices have occasionally moved beyond the daily limits for several consecutive days with little or no trading. OTC instruments generally are not as liquid as instruments traded on recognized exchanges. These constraints could prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions, thereby subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In addition, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and various exchanges limit the number of positions that the Fund may indirectly hold or control in particular commodities.

Non-U.S. Futures Transactions .     Foreign futures transactions involve the execution and clearing of trades on a foreign exchange. This is the case even if the foreign exchange is formally “linked” to a domestic exchange, whereby a trade executed on one exchange liquidates or establishes a position on the other exchange. No domestic organization regulates the activities of a foreign exchange, including the execution, delivery, and clearing of transactions on such an exchange, and no domestic regulator has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of the foreign exchange or the laws of the foreign country. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the transaction occurs. For these reasons, the Fund may not be afforded certain of the protections that apply to domestic transactions. In particular, funds received to margin foreign futures transactions may not be provided the same protections as funds received to margin futures transactions on domestic exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or option contract and, therefore, the resulting potential profit or loss, may be affected by any fluctuation in the foreign exchange rate between the time the order is placed and the foreign futures contract is liquidated or the foreign option contract is liquidated or exercised.

Forward Contracts.     The Fund may enter into forward contracts that are not traded on exchanges and may not be regulated. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. Banks and other dealers with which the Fund maintains accounts may require that the Fund deposit margin with respect to such trading. The Fund’s counterparties are not required to continue making markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain counterparties have refused to continue to quote prices for forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread (the price at which the counterparty is prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell).

 

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Arrangements to trade forward contracts may be made with only one or a few counterparties, and liquidity problems therefore might be greater than if such arrangements were made with numerous counterparties. The imposition of credit controls by governmental authorities might limit such forward trading to less than the amount that the Adviser would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund.

Counterparty Risk

Some of the derivatives entered into by the Fund will not trade on an exchange but instead will be privately negotiated in the over-the-counter market. This means that these instruments are traded between counterparties based on contractual relationships. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will not perform its obligations under the related contract. If a privately negotiated over-the-counter contract calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the Fund may not receive payments owed under the contract, or such payments may be delayed under such circumstances and the value of agreements with such counterparty can be expected to decline, potentially resulting in losses by the Fund. There can be no assurance that a counterparty will not default and that the Fund will not sustain a loss on a transaction as a result. Further, there is a risk that no suitable counterparties are willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.

In situations in which the Fund is required to post margin or other collateral with a counterparty, including with a futures commission merchant or a clearing organization for futures or other derivative contracts, the counterparty may fail to segregate the collateral or may commingle the collateral with the counterparty’s own assets. As a result, in the event of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency, the Fund’s collateral may be subject to the conflicting claims of the counterparty’s creditors and the Fund may be exposed to the risk of being treated as a general unsecured creditor of the counterparty, rather than as the owner of the collateral.

Transactions entered into by the Fund may be executed on various U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges, and may be cleared and settled through various clearing houses, custodians, depositories and prime brokers throughout the world. A failure by any such entity may lead to a loss to the Fund.

Credit Risk

Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of the security or a counterparty to a derivative contract will not be able to satisfy its payment obligations when due. Changes in an issuer or counterparty’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer or counterparty’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer or counterparty and the terms of the obligation. Securities rated in the four highest categories (S&P, Fitch and Moody’s) by the rating agencies are considered investment grade but they may also have some speculative characteristics, meaning that they carry more risk than higher rated securities and may have problems making principal and interest payments in difficult economic climates. Investment grade ratings do not guarantee that bonds will not lose value.

If a security issuer defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of the Fund. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult to sell the security. Default, or the market’s perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities, thereby reducing the value of an investment in Fund shares. In addition, default may cause the Fund to incur expenses in seeking recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.

When the Fund invests in over-the-counter derivatives (including swap agreements and options), it is assuming a credit risk with regard to the party with which it trades and also bears the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from risks associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily mark-to-market and settlement, segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. Relying on any counterparty exposes the Fund to the risk that such counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. If any counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of an investment in the Fund to decrease.

In addition, to the extent the Fund deals with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the credit risks associated with those counterparties. The Fund is neither restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty nor from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.

 

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Currency Risk

The Fund’s indirect and direct exposure to foreign currencies subjects the Fund to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar, or, in the case of short positions, that the U.S. Dollar will decline in value relative to the currency that the Fund is short. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad. In addition, the Fund may incur transaction costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.

Emerging Market Risk

The Fund may have some exposure to emerging markets. Emerging markets are riskier than more developed markets because they tend to develop unevenly and may never fully develop. Investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative. Emerging markets are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns to U.S. investors. In addition, many emerging financial markets have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than developed markets.

Equity Securities Risk

Common and preferred stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. Warrants and rights may expire worthless if the price of a common stock is below the conversion price of the warrant or right. Convertible bonds may decline in value if the price of a common stock falls below the conversion price. Investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction and global or regional political, economic and banking crises.

Fixed-Income Securities Risk

A portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in U.S. Treasuries or other short-term debt obligations. The Fund may also have exposure to futures contracts on fixed income rates or securities. When interest rates change, the value of the Fund’s fixed-income investments will be affected. Prices of fixed income securities tend to move inversely with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in rates will adversely affect fixed income security prices and, accordingly, the Fund’s net asset value. The longer the effective maturity and duration of the Fund’s portfolio, the more the Fund’s net asset value is likely to react to interest rates. Some fixed income securities give the issuer the option to call, or redeem, the securities before their maturity dates. If an issuer calls its security during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates. During periods of market illiquidity or rising interest rates, prices of callable issues are subject to increased price fluctuation. In addition, the Fund may be subject to extension risk, which occurs during a rising interest rate environment because certain obligations will be paid off by an issuer more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of those securities held by the Fund to fall.

Foreign Market Risk

The Fund will have exposure to futures contracts that trade of foreign exchanges and may have exposure to some foreign equities. As a general rule, there is less legal and regulatory protection for investors in foreign markets than that available domestically. Additionally, trading on foreign exchanges is subject to the risks presented by exchange controls, expropriation, increased tax burdens and exposure to local economic declines and political instability. Some foreign derivative markets are so-called principals’ markets in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual counterparty with whom the trader has entered into a futures transaction and not of the exchange or clearing corporation. International trading activities are subject to foreign exchange risk.

Foreign securities include dollar-denominated foreign securities and securities purchased directly on foreign exchanges. Foreign securities may be subject to more risks than U.S. domestic investments. These additional risks may potentially include lower liquidity, greater price volatility and risks related to adverse political, regulatory, market or economic developments. Foreign companies also may be subject to significantly higher levels of taxation than U.S. companies, including potentially confiscatory levels of taxation, thereby reducing the earnings potential of such foreign companies.

In addition, amounts realized on sales of foreign securities may be subject to high and potentially confiscatory levels of foreign taxation and withholding when compared to comparable transactions in U.S. securities. The Fund will generally not be eligible to pass through to shareholders any U.S. federal income tax credits or deductions with respect to foreign taxes paid unless it meets certain requirements regarding the percentage of its total assets invested in foreign securities. Investments in foreign securities involve exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Such fluctuations may reduce the value of the investment. Foreign investments are also subject to risks including potentially

 

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higher withholding and other taxes, trade settlement, custodial, and other operational risks and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards in certain foreign markets. In addition, foreign markets can and often do perform differently from U.S. markets.

General Market Risk

The Fund’s NAV and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio. The market value of assets in which the Fund invests is based upon the market’s perception of value and is not necessarily an objective measure of an asset’s value. There is no assurance that the Fund will realize its investment objective, and an investment in the Fund is not, by itself, a complete or balanced investment program. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund, or the Fund could underperform other investments.

Government Intervention and Regulatory Changes

The recent instability in financial markets has led the government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that are exposed to extreme volatility and in some cases lack of liquidity. For example, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) (which was passed into law in July 2010) significantly revises and expands the rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement authority of federal bank, securities and commodities regulators. It is unclear how these regulators will exercise these revised and expanded powers and whether they will undertake rulemaking, supervisory or enforcement actions that would adversely affect the Fund or investments made by the Fund. There can be no assurance that future regulatory actions authorized by the Dodd-Frank Act will not adversely impact the Fund. Major changes resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act or other legislative or regulatory actions could materially affect the profitability of the Fund or the value of investments made by the Fund or force the Fund to revise its investment strategy or divest certain of its investments. Any of these developments could expose the Fund to additional costs, taxes, liabilities, enforcement actions and reputational risk.

In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act established a new regulatory structure for derivatives. If more restrictive position limits are imposed on investors in the commodity futures and other derivative markets, the Quest Hedging Program and other hedging programs in which Trading Companies invest, and as a result, the Fund, may be adversely affected. Similarly, changes in the regulation of foreign currency-related trading arising from the Dodd-Frank Act may make such trading more expensive for the Fund, and otherwise limit the Fund’s ability to engage in such trading, which could adversely affect the Fund.

In 2012, the CFTC adopted certain rule amendments that significantly affected the exemptions from CFTC regulations that were available to the Fund. Effective January 1, 2013, the Fund are subject to CFTC regulations because of these changes. At the time of the CFTC’s adoption of the rule amendments, the Adviser was (and continues to be) registered as a commodity pool operator and, accordingly, is subject to CFTC regulations. The on-going compliance implications of these amendments are not yet fully effective and their scope of application is still uncertain. CFTC-mandated disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping obligations will apply with respect to the Fund once the CFTC proposal that seeks to “harmonize” these obligations with overlapping SEC regulations is finalized. The effects of these regulatory changes could increase Fund expenses, reduce investment returns or limit the Fund’s ability to implement its investment strategy.

Indirect Fees and Expenses

The cost of investing in the Fund may be higher than the cost of other mutual funds that invest directly in futures, forwards or other derivative instruments. In addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses, you will indirectly bear fees and expenses paid by any Trading Company in which the Fund invests, including brokerage commissions and operating expenses. Further, any investment in the Quest Hedging Program or other hedging program is expected to be subject to management fees. Certain programs may also be subject to performance-based fees. Management fees typically are based on the leveraged account size or the “notional exposure” of the Fund to the Quest Hedging Program and not the actual cash invested.

Leverage/Volatility Risk

The Fund may employ leverage and may invest in leveraged instruments. The more the Fund invests in leveraged instruments, the more this leverage will magnify any losses on those investments. Leverage will cause the value of the Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not use leverage. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities or other investments. The Fund may engage in transactions or purchase instruments that give rise to forms of leverage. Such transactions and instruments may include the investment of collateral from loans of portfolio securities, or the use of when issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions. Derivative contracts ordinarily have leverage inherent in their terms. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund or a Trading Company to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be

 

14


advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations or to meet segregation requirements. Certain types of leveraging transactions could theoretically be subject to unlimited losses in cases where the Fund, for any reason, is unable to close out the transaction.

Furthermore, derivative contracts are highly volatile and are subject to occasional rapid and substantial fluctuations. Consequently, you could lose all or substantially all of your investment in the Fund should the trading positions of the Fund suddenly turn unprofitable.

Limited History of Operations

The Fund is a new or relatively new mutual fund and has a limited history of operation. In addition, the Adviser has not previously managed an equity strategy mutual fund. Mutual funds and their advisers are subject to restrictions and limitations imposed by the 1940 Act, and the Internal Revenue Code that do not apply to the Adviser’s management of individual and institutional accounts. The Adviser may not achieve its intended result in managing the Fund.

Liquidity Risk

The Fund may be subject to liquidity risk primarily due to investments in derivatives. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities or instruments. Derivatives, such as swaps, options and warrants, may not be readily marketable and, therefore, may be deemed to be illiquid. An asset is not readily marketable if it cannot be sold within seven business days in the ordinary course of business for approximately the amount at which it is valued. Investments in illiquid assets involve the risk that the Fund may be unable to sell the asset or sell it at a reasonable price. In addition, the Fund may be required to liquidate positions or close out derivatives on unfavorable terms at a time contrary to the interests of the Fund in order to raise cash to pay redemptions.

An investment in derivatives is also subject to the risk that the Fund may not be able to terminate the derivatives effective on whatever date it chooses, or that the settlement of any early termination may depend on subsequent market movements. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to the risk of additional losses due to such delays.

Small Market Capitalization Risk

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the stocks of companies having smaller market capitalizations, including mid-cap and small-cap stocks. The stocks of these companies often have less liquidity than the stocks of larger companies and these companies frequently have less management depth, narrower market penetrations, less diverse product lines, and fewer resources than larger companies. Due to these and other factors, stocks of smaller companies may be more susceptible to market downturns and other events, and their prices may be more volatile than the stocks of larger companies.

Non-Diversification Risk

The Fund is a non-diversified investment company, which means that more of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of a single issuer than could be invested in the securities of a single issuer by a diversified investment company. This may make the value of the Fund’s shares more susceptible to certain risks than shares of a diversified investment company. As a non-diversified fund, the Fund has a greater potential to realize losses upon the occurrence of adverse events affecting a particular issuer.

OTC Trading Risk

Certain of the derivatives in which the Fund may invest may be traded (and privately negotiated) in the OTC market. While the OTC derivatives market is the primary trading venue for many derivatives, it is largely unregulated and lacks transparency with respect to the terms of OTC transactions. OTC derivatives are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund. In addition, such derivative instruments are often highly customized and tailored to meet the needs of the counterparties. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price. As a result and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivative contracts.

Portfolio Turnover Risk

The Fund may frequently buy and sell portfolio securities and other assets to rebalance the Fund’s exposure to various market sectors. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund’s performance to be less than you expect.

Short Position Risk

The Fund either directly, or through the trading strategies employed by a sub-adviser or a hedging program such as the Quest Hedging Program will take short positions on certain derivative instruments and may sell certain securities short.

 

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If the price of the security or derivative has increased during this time, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price from the time that the short sale was entered into plus any premiums and interest paid to the third party. In contrast to the Fund’s long positions, for which the risk of loss is typically limited to the amount invested, the potential loss on the Fund’s short positions is unlimited. Market factors may prevent the Fund from closing out a short position at the most desirable time or at a favorable price. The Fund will earmark assets as cover or otherwise “cover” its position in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and SEC interpretations thereunder.

Temporary Investments

To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments or any derivative instrument meant to track the return of any such instrument. These short-term debt securities and money market instruments include shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements. While the Fund is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Fund invests in money market mutual funds for cash positions, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund will bear its pro-rata portion of such money market funds’ advisory fees and operational fees. The Fund may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure

A description of the Fund’s policies regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) which is available, free of charge, by calling toll-free 1-888-643-3431. The SAI may also be viewed or downloaded, free of charge, from the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

MANAGEMENT

 

Investment Adviser

Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP, a Delaware limited partnership formed in 2003, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. It has been registered with the SEC as an investment adviser since 2005 and registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a commodity pool operator since 2010. The Adviser’s principal place of business is located at 47 Hulfish Street, Suite 510, Princeton, NJ 08542. The Adviser manages and supervises the investment of the Fund’s assets on a discretionary basis. As of December 31, 2012, the Adviser had approximately $261 million in assets under management.

For its services, the Adviser is entitled to an investment advisory fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 1.95% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The investment advisory fees paid to the Adviser by the Fund are used to pay the fees of the sub-advisers.

The Adviser has contractually agreed that from commencement of the Fund’s operations through July 31, 2014, it will reduce its compensation and/or reimburse certain expenses for the Fund, to the extent necessary to ensure that the Fund’s total operating expenses, excluding taxes, any class-specific fees and expenses (such as Rule 12b-1 distribution fees, shareholder service fees, or transfer agency fees), interest, extraordinary items, “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” and brokerage commissions, do not exceed, on an annual basis, 2.24% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser shall be entitled to recover, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, such waived or reimbursed amounts for a period of up to three (3) years from the year in which the Adviser reduced its compensation and/or assumed expenses for the Fund.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the investment advisory and sub-advisory contracts will be available in the Fund’s first Semi-Annual or Annual Report to Shareholders.

Portfolio Managers

Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers:

Afroz Qadeer is a Founder and the Co-Chief Investment Officer of the Adviser. Mr. Qadeer has over 17 years of professional alternative investment experience. Prior to founding the Adviser, he was responsible for hedge fund research and portfolio management at Goldman Sachs (1998-2002), Optima Fund Management (1996-1997) and Lake Partners (1993-1996). Over a 10 year period, Mr. Qadeer launched 8 multi-manager funds, was responsible for 20 multi-manager portfolios, and served as portfolio manager of 4 fund-of-hedge-funds with assets of circa $2 billion. While at Goldman Sachs, he served as a Member of Goldman Sachs Hedge Fund Strategies Group’s Investment Committee and as a Member of Goldman Sachs Hedge Fund Operating Committee. Prior to working at Lake Partners, he was an

 

16


analyst at Redshare Investments in London, and prior to that a Manufacturing Executive at Chain Link Industries, Sabhan, Kuwait. Over the years, Mr. Qadeer has actively participated in and/or moderated events for the Mid-Atlantic Hedge Fund Association, the Managed Funds Association and the Greenwich Roundtable. He has served on the Best Practices Subcommittee of The Greenwich Roundtable and provided editorial insight on working papers. In October 2007 he authored a piece titled “India, what to do?” which was featured in the Managed Futures Association Reporter.

Mr. Qadeer holds an MBA from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a Bachelor of Commerce from Sydenham College, University of Bombay, India. He is listed with the CFTC as a principal and registered as an associated person of the Adviser. He is an associate member of the National Futures Association.

Sue Osborne is the Director of Research of the Adviser. Ms. Osborne became a Partner of the Adviser in 2005 after having worked as a consultant for the Adviser in 2003-2004. She has over 14 years of professional alternative investment experience. Prior to her position with the Adviser, Ms. Osborne held positions in hedge fund research and portfolio management at Hamilton & Co. (2002-2003), Goldman Sachs (1998-2002), Lake Partners (1996-1998) and Greenwich Associates (1996). While at Goldman Sachs, she was Co-Manager of three funds of hedge funds with assets of approximately $1 billion and served as Assistant Portfolio Manager to one fund of funds with assets under management of $1 billion.

Ms. Osborne holds an MBA from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, and a BS in Marketing from Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA. She is listed with the CFTC as a principal and registered as an associated person of the Adviser. Ms. Osborne is an associate member of the National Futures Association.

Dr. Ajay Dravid has been a member of the Adviser’s Investment Team since January 2013. Dr. Dravid is also Managing Director of Portfolio Management for Equinox Fund Management, LLC, a registered investment adviser and an affiliate of the Adviser, which he joined in December 2010. Dr. Dravid has more than 30 years of experience in industry, academia, and financial services. Prior to joining the Adviser and its affiliate, Equinox Financial Solutions, Dr. Dravid was a member of the Executive Committee of The Frontier Fund from March 2009 to December 2010. From January 2009 to December 2009, Dr. Dravid was a professor of finance at the Fox School of Business at Temple University in Philadelphia, PA. From August 2006 to April 2010, Mr. Dravid was an independent consultant. From November 2004 to March 2006, Dr. Dravid was President of Saranac Capital Management, a separate entity spun out from Citigroup to manage more than $3 billion in hedge fund assets. From 1996 to 2004, he was a Director and then a Managing Director at Salomon Brothers and Citigroup, where he helped to build and manage the hedge fund business and platforms. He was a Portfolio Co-Manager for the Multi-Strategy Arbitrage funds with more than $1 billion in assets, a quantitative analyst for the equity long-short hedge funds, and the head of the Risk Committee. He was also involved in the structuring and marketing of funds and client service. From 1993 to 1996, Dr. Dravid was a Vice President in the Asset Allocation Research Group of Salomon Brothers. He has published papers in leading academic journals including Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, and Journal of Derivatives. Dr. Dravid received a BSc in Physics from the University of Poona (India), an MA in Physics from SUNY at Stony Brook, an MBA in Finance and Marketing from the University of Rochester, and a PhD in Finance from the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University.

Rufus Rankin has been a member of the Adviser’s Investment Team since January 2013. Mr. Rankin is also Director of Portfolio Management for Equinox Fund Management, LLC, which he joined in December 2010. From February 2009 to present, Mr. Rankin also serves as Product Manager at Equinox Financial Solutions. In addition to his portfolio management responsibilities, Mr. Rankin works on the conception, development and implementation of new products and distribution strategies for investment products managed by the Adviser. He was Regional Sales Associate & Research Coordinator at SEI Investments from August 2005 to January 2009. Mr. Rankin holds a Masters in International Studies from North Carolina State University.

The Investment Adviser Portfolio Managers are responsible, with the oversight of the Adviser’s Investment Committee, for managing the day-to-day investment activity of the Fund, including: (i) the selection and ongoing performance evaluation and monitoring of the sub-advisers; (ii) negotiation of the terms of each investment (including over-the-counter derivatives); (iii) asset allocation among the sub-advisers and the hedge strategies; and (iv) risk monitoring and risk management.

The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund shares.

In addition to investment advisory fees, the Fund pays other expenses including costs incurred in connection with the maintenance of its securities law registration, printing and mailing prospectuses and SAIs to shareholders, certain financial accounting services, taxes or governmental fees, custodial, transfer and shareholder servicing agent costs, expenses of outside counsel and independent accountants, preparation of shareholder reports and expenses of trustee and shareholders meetings.

 

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HOW SHARES ARE PRICED

 

The Fund’s NAV and offering price (NAV plus any applicable sales charges) is determined at 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business (a “Business Day”). NAV is computed by determining the aggregate market value of all assets of the Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding ((assets-liabilities)/number of shares = NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV takes into account the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees, which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.

If available, the Fund’s investments in securities and other exchange traded assets are generally valued based on market quotations. If market prices are unavailable or the Fund thinks that they are unreliable, the Fund prices those securities or other assets at fair value as determined in good faith using methods approved by the Board of Trustees. For example, market prices may be unavailable if trading in a particular portfolio security was halted during the day and did not resume prior to the Fund’s NAV calculation. The Fund may view market prices as unreliable when the value of a security has been materially affected by events occurring after the market closes, but prior to the time as of which the Fund calculates NAV. The Fund will regularly value its investments in over-the-counter derivative instruments at fair value. The use of fair valuation in pricing a portfolio holding involves the consideration of a number of subjective factors and therefore, is susceptible to the unavoidable risk that the valuation may be higher or lower than the price at which the portfolio holding might actually trade if a reliable market price were readily available.

The Fund may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

With respect to any portion of the Fund’s assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, each Fund’s net asset value is calculated based upon the net asset values of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

More information about the valuation of the Fund’s holdings is provided in the SAI.

HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES

 

Share Classes

Presently, the Fund offers three classes of shares, Class A, Class C and Class I. Class A and Class C shares are designed for individual and retail investors, while Class I shares are designed for institutional investors. You will need to decide on a share class to purchase before making your initial investment. You should weigh the impact of all potential costs over the life of your investment. Each share class is available to all investors who meet the investment minimum for the class, as described below.

 

Class A      Class C      Class I

Initial sales charge of 5.75% or less

     No initial sales charge      No initial sales charge

Deferred sales charge may apply 1

     No deferred sales charge      No deferred sales charge
Lower annual expenses than Class C shares due to lower distribution fees; Higher annual expenses than Class I shares      Higher annual expenses than Class A and Class I shares due to higher distribution fees      Lower annual expenses than Class A and Class C shares due to no distribution fee

 

1  

A 1.00% CDSC may apply for investments of $1 million or more of Class A shares (and therefore no initial sales charge was paid) and shares are redeemed within 12 months after initial purchase. The CDSC shall not apply to those purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more where the Distributor did not pay a commission to the selling broker-dealer. Investors should inquire with their financial intermediary regarding whether the CDSC is applicable to them.

Investment Minimums

Shares representing interests in the Fund are offered continuously for sale by the Distributor. You can purchase Class A shares, Class C shares or Class I shares of the Fund through certain broker-dealers or directly through the transfer agent of the Fund, as discussed below. Shares of the Fund are offered only to residents of states in which the

 

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shares are registered or qualified. No share certificates are issued in connection with the purchase of Fund shares. Listed below are the minimum investment amounts for Class A, Class C and Class I shares. The Fund reserves the right to waive the minimum initial investment requirement for any investor.

 

Purchase Amounts      Class A        Class C        Class I  

Minimum initial investment:

     $ 2,500         $ 2,500         $ 1,000,000   

Minimum subsequent investment

     $ 500         $ 500           No Minimum   

Share Classes

Class A Shares

Distribution Plan.     The Board of Trustees, on behalf of the Fund’s Class A shares, has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act that allows the Fund to pay distribution and service fees for the sale and distribution of its shares and for services provided to its shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. The distribution plan for Class A shares provides for payments of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Class A shares.

Front-End Sales Charge.     Class A shares of the Fund are offered at their public offering price, which is net asset value per share plus the applicable sales charge. The minimum initial investment in Class A shares is $2,500 and the minimum subsequent investment is $500. The sales charge varies, depending on how much you invest. There are no sales charges on reinvested distributions. The following sales charges apply to your purchases of Class A shares of the Fund, at net asset value with the following front end sales charges (“FESC”) based on the amount of purchase:

 

Amount
Invested
   Sales Charge as a % of
Offering Price
     Sales Charge as a % of
Amount Invested
     Dealer
Reallowance
 

Under $25,000

     5.75%         6.10%         5.00%   

$25,000 to $49,999

     5.00%         5.26%         4.25%   

$50,000 to $99,999

     4.75%         4.99%         4.00%   

$100,000 to $249,999

     3.75%         3.90%         3.25%   

$250,000 to $499,999

     2.50%         2.56%         2.00%   

$500,000 to $999,999

     2.00%         2.04%         1.75%   
$1,000,000 and above      0.00%         0.00%         See Below   

Authorized dealers may receive commissions on purchases of Class A shares over $1 million calculated as follows: For sales of $1 million or more, payments may be made to those broker-dealers having at least $1 million of assets invested in the Fund, a fee of up to 1% of the offering price of such shares up to $2.5 million, 0.50% of the offering price from $2.5 million to $5 million, and 0.25% of the offering price over $5 million. The commission rate is determined based on the purchase amount combined with the current market value of existing investments in Class A shares.

As shown, investors that purchase $1,000,000 or more of the Fund’s Class A shares will not pay any initial sales charge on the purchase. However, purchases of $1,000,000 or more of Class A shares may be subject to a 1% CDSC on shares redeemed during the first 12 months after their purchase in the amount of the commissions paid on those shares redeemed.

You may qualify for reduced sales charges or sales charge waivers. If you believe that you may qualify for a reduction or waiver of the sales charge, you should discuss this matter with your broker or other financial intermediary. To qualify for these reductions or waivers, you or your financial intermediary must provide sufficient information at the time of purchase to verify that your purchase qualifies for such treatment. This information could be used to aggregate, for example, holdings in retirement accounts, Fund shares owned by your immediate family members, and holdings in accounts at other brokers or financial intermediaries. In addition to breakpoint discounts, the following sections describe other circumstances in which sales charges are waived or otherwise may be reduced. See “Reduced Sales Charges” below.

Waiver of Front-End Sales Charge – Class A Shares

The front-end sales charge will be waived on Class A shares purchased:

 

 

through reinvestment of dividends and distributions;

 

 

through an asset allocation account advised by the Adviser or one of its affiliates;

 

 

19


 

by persons repurchasing shares they redeemed within the last 90 days (see “Repurchase of Class A Shares”);

 

 

by investors who purchase shares with redemption proceeds (but only to the extent of such redemption proceeds) from another investment company within 90 days of such redemption, provided that the investors paid either a front-end or contingent deferred sales charge on the original shares redeemed;

 

 

by employees, and members of their immediate family, of the Adviser and its affiliates;

 

 

by employees and retirees of the Fund’s administrator or distributor;

 

 

by Trustees and officers of Equinox Funds Trust;

 

 

by persons reinvesting distributions from qualified employee benefit retirement plans and rollovers from individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) previously held with the Adviser;

 

 

by participants in certain “wrap-fee” or asset allocation programs or other fee based arrangements sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor;

 

 

by clients of registered investment advisers that have entered into arrangements with the distributor providing for the shares to be used in particular investment products made available to such clients and for which such registered investment advisers may charge a separate fee;

 

 

by persons investing an amount less than or equal to the value of an account distribution when an account for which a bank affiliated with the Adviser acted in a fiduciary, administrative, custodial or investment advisory capacity is closed; or

 

 

through dealers, retirement plans, asset allocation programs and financial institutions that, under their dealer agreements with the Fund’s distributor or otherwise, do not receive any portion of the front-end sales charge.

Repurchase of Class A Shares

You may repurchase any amount of Class A shares of the Fund at NAV (without the normal front-end sales charge), up to the limit of the value of any amount of Class A shares (other than those which were purchased with reinvested dividends and distributions) that you redeemed within the past 90 days. In effect, this allows you to reacquire shares that you may have had to redeem, without repaying the front-end sales charge. To exercise this privilege, the Fund must receive your purchase order within 90 days of your redemption. In addition, you must notify the Fund when you send in your purchase order that you are repurchasing shares. Certain tax rules may limit your ability to recognize a loss on the redemption of your Class A shares, and you should consult your tax advisor if recognizing such a loss is important to you.

Reduced Sales Charges – Class A Shares

In addition to the above described reductions in initial sales charges for purchases over a certain dollar size, you may also be eligible to participate in one or more of the programs described below to lower your initial sales charge. To be eligible to participate in these programs, you must inform your broker-dealer or financial advisor at the time you purchase shares that you would like to participate in one or more of the programs and provide information necessary to determine your eligibility to participate, including the account number(s) and names in which your accounts are registered at the time of purchase. In addition, the Fund or its agent may request account statements if it is unable to verify your account information.

The Fund does not provide additional information on reduced sales charges on a website because the information is contained in its prospectus and because a website is not currently operated for the Fund.

Rights of Accumulation

In calculating the appropriate sales charge rate, this right allows you to add the value of the Class A shares you already own to the amount that you are currently purchasing. The Fund will combine the value of your current purchases with the current value of any Class A shares you purchased previously for (i) your account, (ii) your spouse’s account, (iii) a joint account with your spouse, or (iv) your minor children’s trust or custodial accounts. A fiduciary purchasing shares for the same fiduciary account, trust or estate may also use this right of accumulation. If your investment qualifies for a reduced sales load due to accumulation of purchases, you must notify the Fund’s transfer agent at the time of purchase of the existence of other accounts and/or holdings eligible to be aggregated to reduce or eliminate the sales load. You may be required to provide records, such as account statements, regarding the Fund shares held by you or related accounts at the Fund or at other financial intermediaries in order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount. You will receive the reduced sales load only on the additional purchases and not retroactively on previous purchases. The Fund may amend or terminate this right of accumulation at any time.

 

 

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Letter of Intent

You may purchase Class A shares at the sales charge rate applicable to the total amount of the purchases you intend to make over a 13-month period. In other words, a Letter of Intent allows you to purchase Class A shares of the Fund over a 13-month period and receive the same sales charge as if you had purchased all the shares at the same time. The Fund will only consider the value of Class A shares sold subject to a sales charge. As a result, shares of the Class A shares purchased with dividends or distributions will not be included in the calculation. To be entitled to a reduced sales charge on the purchase of Class A shares based on shares you intend to purchase over the 13-month period, you must send the Fund a Letter of Intent. In calculating the total amount of purchases, you may include in your Letter purchases made up to 90 days before the date of the Letter. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains do not apply toward fulfillment of the Letter. The 13-month period begins on the date of the first purchase, including those purchases made in the 90-day period before the date of the Letter. Please note that the purchase price of these prior purchases will not be adjusted.

You are not legally bound by the terms of your Letter of Intent to purchase the amount of your shares stated in the Letter. The Letter does, however, authorize the Fund to hold in escrow 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase. If you do not complete the total intended purchase of Class A shares at the end of the 13-month period, the Fund’s transfer agent will redeem the necessary portion of the escrowed shares to make up the difference between the reduced rate sales charge (based on the amount you intended to purchase) and the sales charge that would normally apply (based on the actual amount you purchased).

Combined Purchase/Quantity Discount Privilege

When calculating the appropriate sales charge rate, the Fund will, upon written notification at the time of purchase, combine same-day purchases of Class A shares (that are subject to a sales charge) made by you, your spouse and your minor children (under age 21). This combination also applies to Class A shares you purchase with a Letter of Intent.

Purchasers Qualifying for Reductions in Initial Sales Charges

Only certain persons or groups are eligible for the reductions in initial sales charges described in the preceding section. These qualified purchasers include the following:

Individuals

 

 

an individual, his or her spouse, or children residing in the same household;

 

 

any trust established exclusively for the benefit of an individual;

Trustees and Fiduciaries

 

 

a trustee or fiduciary purchasing for a single trust, estate or fiduciary account; and

Other Groups

 

 

any organized group of persons, whether or not incorporated, purchasing Fund shares, provided that (i) the organization has been in existence for at least six months; and (ii) the organization has some purpose other than the purchase at a discount of redeemable securities of a registered investment company.

Investors or dealers seeking to qualify orders for a reduced initial sales charge must identify such orders at the time of purchase and, if necessary, support their qualification for the reduced charge with appropriate documentation. Appropriate documentation includes, without limitation, account statements regarding shares of the Fund held in all accounts ( e.g. , retirement accounts) by the investor, and, if applicable, his or her spouse and children residing in the same household, including accounts at broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries different than the broker-dealer of record for the current purchase of Fund shares. The distributor reserves the right to determine whether any purchaser is entitled, by virtue of the foregoing, to the reduced initial sales charge. No person or entity may distribute shares of the Fund without payment of the applicable sales charge other than to persons or entities who qualify for a reduction in the sales charge as provided herein.

Class C Shares

Sales of the Fund’s Class C shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge and a contingent deferred sales charge, but are subject to a 12b-1 fee. The Board of Trustees, on behalf of the Fund’s Class C shares, has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act that allows the Fund to pay distribution and service fees for the sale and distribution of its shares and for services provided to the shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s

 

21


assets on an ongoing basis, over time, these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. The distribution plan for Class C shares provides for payments of up to 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s Class C shares. This fee is broken down into a Rule 12b-1 distribution fee of 0.75% of average daily net assets and a service fee of 0.25% of average daily net assets. The minimum initial investment in the Class C shares is $2,500 and the minimum subsequent investment is $500.

Class I Shares

Sales of the Fund’s Class I shares are not subject to a front-end sales charge, contingent deferred sales charge or a Rule 12b-1 fee. The minimum initial investment in the Class I shares is $1,000,000 and subsequent investments may be made in any amount.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Share Class

When deciding which class of shares of the Fund to purchase, you should consider your investment goals, present and future amounts you may invest in the Fund, and the length of time you intend to hold your shares. To help you make a determination as to which class of shares to buy, please refer back to the tables disclosing Shareholder Fees and Annual Fund Operating Expenses and the Expense Example in the Fees and Expenses of the Fund section beginning on page 1 of this Prospectus. You also may wish to consult with your financial adviser for advice with regard to which share class would be most appropriate for you.

Purchasing Shares

You may purchase shares of the Fund by sending a completed application form to the following address by either regular or overnight mail:

 

Address for Regular Mail:    Address for Overnight Mail:

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154-1150

1-888-643-3431

  

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

1-888-643-3431

Minimum and Additional Investment Amounts

The minimum initial investment to open an account is $2,500 for Class A shares and Class C shares and $1,000,000 for Class I shares and the minimum subsequent investment is $500 for Class A shares and Class C shares. There is no minimum investment requirement for Class I shares or when you are buying shares by reinvesting dividends and distributions from the Fund. The Fund and the Adviser reserve the right to waive or reduce the investment minimums under certain circumstances. The Fund may change the investment minimums at any time.

The Fund, however, reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any application to purchase shares. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by a check drawn on a U.S. bank, savings and loan, or credit union in U.S. funds for the full amount of the shares to be purchased. After you open an account, you may purchase additional shares by sending a check together with written instructions stating the name(s) on the account and the account number, to the above address. Make all checks payable to the name of the Fund. The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks, or starter checks for the purchase of shares.

Note: Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“GFS”), the Fund’s transfer agent, will charge a $25 fee against a shareholder’s account, in addition to any loss sustained by the Fund, for any check returned to the transfer agent for insufficient funds.

The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Fund, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money-laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. As requested on the application, you should supply your full name, date of birth, social security number, and permanent street address. Mailing addresses containing a P.O. Box will not be accepted. This information will assist the Fund in verifying your identity. Until such verification is made, the Fund may temporarily limit additional share purchases. In addition, the Fund may limit additional share purchases or close an account if it is unable to verify a shareholder’s identity. As required by law, the Fund may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.

 

 

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When Order is Processed

All shares will be purchased at the NAV, plus any applicable sales charges, per share next determined after the Fund receives your application or request in good order. All requests received in good order by the Fund before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) will be executed on that same day. Requests received after 4:00 p.m. will be processed on the next business day.

Good Order:     When making a purchase request, make sure your request is in good order. “Good order” means your purchase request includes:

 

 

the name of the Fund;

 

 

the dollar amount of shares to be purchased;

 

 

a completed purchase application or investment stub; and

 

 

a check payable to the Fund.

Purchases through Brokers

You may invest in the Fund through brokers or agents who have entered into selling agreements with the Fund’s distributor. These brokers and agents are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Fund. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or its designee receives the order. The broker or agent may set its own initial and subsequent investment minimums. You may be charged a fee if you use a broker or agent to buy or redeem shares of the Fund. Finally, various servicing agents use procedures and impose restrictions that may be in addition to, or different from those applicable to investors purchasing shares directly from the Fund. You should carefully read the program materials provided to you by your servicing agent.

Purchases by Wire

If you wish to wire money to make an investment in the Fund, please call the Fund at 1-888-643-3431 for wiring instructions and to notify the Fund that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds via wire. The Fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Fund’s designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you a fee for wiring same-day funds.

Automatic Investment Plan

You may participate in the Fund’s Automatic Investment Plan, an investment plan that automatically takes money from your bank account and invests it in the Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers or automatic bank drafts. You may elect to make subsequent investments by transfers of a minimum of $25 on specified days of each month into your established Fund account. Please contact the Fund at 1-888-643-3431 for more information about the Fund’s Automatic Investment Plan.

Retirement Plans

You may purchase shares of the Fund for your individual retirement plans. Please call the Fund at 1-888-643-3431 the most current listing and appropriate disclosure documentation on how to open a retirement account.

HOW TO REDEEM SHARES

 

Redemption Requests

You will be entitled to redeem all or any portion of the shares credited to your accounts by submitting a written request for redemption by regular, express or overnight mail to:

 

Address for Regular Mail:    Address for Overnight Mail:

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154-1150

1-888-643-3431

  

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

1-888-643-3431

 

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Redeeming by Telephone

The telephone redemption privilege is automatically available to all new accounts, except retirement accounts. If you do not want the telephone redemption privilege, you must indicate this in the appropriate area on your account application or you must write to the Fund and instruct it to remove this privilege from your account.

The proceeds will be sent by mail to the address designated on your account or wired directly to your existing account in any commercial bank or brokerage firm in the United States as designated on your application. To redeem by telephone, call 1-888-643-3431. The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of your telephone instructions. IRA accounts are not redeemable by telephone.

The Fund reserves the right to suspend the telephone redemption privileges with respect to your account if the name(s) or the address on the account has been changed within the previous 30 days. The Fund, GFS, and their respective affiliates will not be liable for complying with telephone instructions they reasonably believe to be genuine or for any loss, damage, cost or expenses in acting on such telephone instructions and you will be required to bear the risk of any such loss. The Fund, GFS, or both, will employ reasonable procedures to determine that telephone instructions are genuine. If the Fund and/or GFS do not employ these procedures, they may be liable to you for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. These procedures may include, among others, requiring forms of personal identification prior to acting upon telephone instructions, providing written confirmation of the transactions and/or tape recording telephone instructions.

Wire Redemptions

If you request your redemption by wire transfer, you will be required to pay a $15.00 wire transfer fee to GFS to cover costs associated with the transfer but GFS does not charge a fee when transferring redemption proceeds by electronic funds transfer. In addition, your bank may impose a charge for receiving wires.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan

If your individual account, IRA, or other qualified plan account has a current account value of at least $10,000, you may adopt a Systematic Withdrawal Plan to provide for monthly, quarterly or other periodic checks for any designated amount of $100 or more. If you wish to open a Systematic Withdrawal Plan, please indicate on your application or contact the Fund at 1-888-643-3431.

Redemptions in Kind

The Fund reserves the right to honor requests for redemption or repurchase orders by making payment in whole or in part in readily marketable securities (“redemption in kind”) if the amount is greater than (the lesser of) $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s assets. The securities will be chosen by the Fund and valued under the Fund’s net asset value procedures. A shareholder will be exposed to market risk until these securities are converted to cash and may incur transaction expenses, including taxes, in converting these securities to cash.

When Redemptions are Sent

Once the Fund receives your redemption request in “good order” (as described below), it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request. Before selling recently purchased shares, please note that if the Fund’s transfer agent has not yet collected payment for the shares you are selling, it may delay sending the proceeds until the payment is collected, which may take up to 10 calendar days from the purchase date. This procedure is intended to protect the Fund and its shareholders from loss.

Good Order

Your redemption request will be processed if it is in “good order.” To be in good order, the following conditions must be satisfied:

 

 

The request should be in writing, unless redeeming by telephone, indicating the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed;

 

 

The request must identify your account number;

 

 

The request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered; and

 

 

If you request that the redemption proceeds to be sent to an address other than that of record, or if the address was changed within the last 30 days, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor.

 

 

24


When You Need Medallion Signature Guarantees

A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account transfers. You will need your signature guaranteed if:

 

 

you wish to change the bank or brokerage account that you have designated on your account;

 

 

you request a redemption to be made payable to a person not on record with the Fund;

 

 

you request that a redemption be mailed to an address other than that on record with the Fund;

 

 

the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000;

 

 

any redemption is transmitted by federal wire transfer to a bank other than the bank of record; or

 

 

your address was changed within 30 days of your redemption request.

Signatures may be guaranteed by any eligible guarantor institution (including banks, brokers and dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies, and savings associations) or by completing a supplemental telephone redemption authorization form. Contact the Fund to obtain this form. Further documentation will be required to change the designated account if shares are held by a corporation, fiduciary, or other organization. A notary public cannot guaranty signatures .

Where shares are held in the name of an accredited bank, Medallion Signature Guarantee requirements may be waived at the discretion of the Fund.

Retirement Plans

If you own an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on your redemption request whether the Fund should withhold federal income tax. Unless you elect in your redemption request that you do not want to have federal tax withheld, the redemption will be subject to withholding.

Redeeming through Brokers

If shares of the Fund are held by a broker-dealer, financial institution, or other servicing agent, you must contact that servicing agent to redeem shares of the Fund. The servicing agent may charge a fee for this service.

Low Balances

For regular accounts, if at any time your account balance falls below $1,000 or there has been no shareholder activity in the account for the past 12 months, the Fund may notify you that, unless the account is brought up to at least $1,000 or you initiate activity in the account within 60 days of the notice; your account could be closed. After the notice period, the Fund may redeem all of your shares and close your account by sending you a check to the address of record. Your account will not be closed if the account balance drops below $1,000 due to a decline in NAV.

Exchanging Shares

At no charge, you may exchange Class A or Class C shares of the Fund for the same share class of another fund in the Equinox family of funds, which are offered through a separate prospectus or prospectuses, by writing to or calling the funds. You may only exchange shares between accounts with identical registrations (i.e., the same names and addresses).

The exchange privilege is not intended as a vehicle for short-term or excessive trading. The Fund may suspend or terminate your exchange privilege if you engage in a pattern of exchanges that is excessive, as determined in the sole discretion of the Fund. For more information about the Fund’s policy on excessive trading, refer to “Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares.”

FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES

 

The Fund discourages and does not accommodate market timing. Frequent trading into and out of the Fund can harm all Fund shareholders by disrupting the Fund’s investment strategies, increasing Fund expenses, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. The Fund is designed for long-term investors and is not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Accordingly, the Fund’s Board of Trustees has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a

 

25


legitimate need to adjust their Fund investments as their financial needs or circumstances change. The Fund currently uses several methods to reduce the risk of market timing. These methods include:

 

 

Committing staff to review, on a continuing basis, recent trading activity in order to identify trading activity that may be contrary to the Fund’s “Market Timing Trading Policy;” and

 

 

Assessing a redemption fee for short-term trading.

Though these methods involve judgments that are inherently subjective and involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to make judgments and applications that are consistent with the interests of the Fund’s shareholders.

Based on the frequency of redemptions in your account, the Adviser or transfer agent may in its sole discretion determine that your trading activity is detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy and elect to (i) reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future purchases into the Fund and/or (ii) reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future exchanges or redemptions out of the Fund.

The Fund reserves the right to reject or restrict purchase requests for any reason, particularly when the shareholder’s trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase orders. The Adviser may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investor’s financial advisor) from opening new accounts with the Fund.

Although the Fund attempts to limit disruptive trading activities, some investors use a variety of strategies to hide their identities and their trading practices. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to identify or limit these activities. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund. While the Fund will encourage financial intermediaries to apply the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers who invest indirectly in the Fund, the Fund is limited in its ability to monitor the trading activity or enforce the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy with respect to customers of financial intermediaries. For example, should it occur, the Fund may not be able to detect market timing that may be facilitated by financial intermediaries or made difficult to identify in the omnibus accounts used by those intermediaries for aggregated purchases, exchanges and redemptions on behalf of all their customers. More specifically, unless the financial intermediaries have the ability to apply the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers through such methods as implementing short-term trading limitations or restrictions and monitoring trading activity for what might be market timing, the Fund may not be able to determine whether trading by customers of financial intermediaries is contrary to the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy. Brokers maintaining omnibus accounts with the Fund have agreed to provide shareholder transaction information to the extent known to the broker to the Fund upon request. If the Fund or its transfer agent or shareholder servicing agent suspects there is market timing activity in the account, the Fund will seek full cooperation from the service provider maintaining the account to identify the underlying participant. At the request of the Adviser, the service providers may take immediate action to stop any further short-term trading by such participants.

Early Redemption Fee

The Fund may charge a 1.00% redemption fee on the proceeds (calculated at market value) of a redemption of its shares held for fewer than 30 days from purchase. The redemption fee is paid to the Fund and is intended to offset the trading costs, market impact and other costs associated with short-term trading into and out of the Fund. The redemption fee is imposed to the extent that the number of Fund shares redeemed before 30 days exceeds the number of Fund shares that have been held at least 30 days. The redemption fee will not apply in the following circumstances:

 

 

Redemptions resulting from death or disability

 

 

Redemptions through an Automatic Transfer Plan

 

 

Redemptions of shares purchased through an Automatic Investment Plan

• Redemptions of shares acquired through dividend reinvestment

 

 

Redemptions of shares held in certain omnibus accounts, including retirement plans qualified under Sections 401(a) or 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”) and

 

 

Redemptions in connection with Exchanges of Shares

Transactions through financial intermediaries typically are placed with the Fund on an omnibus basis and include both purchase and sale transactions placed on behalf of multiple investors. The Fund requests that financial intermediaries

 

26


assess the redemption fee on customer accounts and collect and remit the proceeds to the Fund. However, the Fund recognizes that due to operational requirements, the intermediaries’ methods for tracking and calculating the fee may be inadequate or differ in some respects from the Fund’s.

DISTRIBUTIONS

Dividends from net investment income and distributions of net capital gain, if any, are declared and paid annually to you. The amount of any distribution will vary and there is no guarantee that the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gain distribution.

Distributions are payable to the shareholders of record at the time the distributions are declared (including holders of shares being redeemed, but excluding holders of shares being purchased). Shares become entitled to receive distributions on the day after the shares are issued. If you invest in the Fund shortly before the ex-dividend date of a taxable distribution, the distribution will lower the value of the Fund’s shares by the amount of the distribution and, in effect, you will receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution

Choosing a Distribution Option

When you complete your account application, you may choose from three distribution options:

 

1. You may invest all income dividends and capital gains distributions in additional shares of the Fund. This option is assigned automatically if no other choice is made.

 

2. You may elect to receive income dividends and capital gains distributions in cash.

 

3. You may elect to receive income dividends in cash and to reinvest capital gains distributions in additional shares of the Fund.

If you elect to receive distributions and dividends by check and the post office cannot deliver your check and your proper address cannot be determined, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s then current NAV per share and to reinvest all subsequent distributions in shares of the Fund until an updated address is received. You may change your election at any time. Your request for a change must be received in writing by the transfer agent prior to the record date for the distribution for which a change is requested.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT TAXES

 

The tax information in this Prospectus is provided only for general information purposes for U.S. tax payers and should not be considered as tax advice or relied on by a shareholder or prospective investor.

General.     The Fund intends to qualify annually to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the IRC. As such, the Fund will not be subject to federal income taxes on the earnings it distributes to shareholders provided it satisfies certain requirements and restrictions of the IRC one of which is to distribute to a Fund’s shareholders substantially all of a Fund’s income and gains each year. If for any taxable year the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC: (1) it will be subject to tax in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and thus will be subject to tax on a graduated basis at the corporate tax rate; and (2) distributions from its earnings and profits (as determined under federal income tax principles) will be taxable as ordinary dividend income eligible for the non-corporate shareholder long-term capital gains tax rate for “qualified dividend income” and ordinary rates for all other distributions that are not a return of capital

Distributions.     The Fund will make distributions to you that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains (which may be taxed at different rates depending on the length of time the Fund holds its assets). The dividends and distributions you receive may be subject to federal, state and local taxation, depending upon your tax situation. Distributions are taxable whether you reinvest such distributions in additional shares of the Fund or choose to receive cash. Taxable Fund distributions are taxable to a shareholder even if the distributions are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund prior to the shareholder’s investment and, thus, were included in the price the shareholder paid for the shares. For example, a shareholder who purchases shares on or just before the record date of a Fund distribution will pay full price for the shares and may receive a portion of the investment as a taxable distribution.

Ordinary Income.     Net investment income, except for “qualified dividend income” and income designated as tax-exempt, and short-term capital gains (based on a Fund’s holding period) that are distributed to you are taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares. Certain dividends distributed to non-corporate shareholders in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013 and designated by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are eligible for the long-term capital gains rate. Short-term capital gains that are distributed to you are taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares.

 

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Net Capital Gains.     Net capital gains (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) distributed to you, if any, are taxable as long-term capital gains (based on a Fund’s holding period) for federal income tax purposes regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares. For tax years beginning before January 1, 2013, the maximum individual tax rate on net long-term capital gains is 15%.

Sale of Shares.     It is a taxable event for you if you sell shares of the Fund. Depending on the purchase price and the sale price of the shares you sell, you may have a taxable gain or loss on the transaction. Any realized gain will be taxable to you ; and, generally, will be capital gain, assuming you held the shares of the Fund as a capital asset. The capital gain will be long-term or short-term depending on how long you have held your shares in the Fund. Sales of shares of the Fund that you have held for twelve months or less will be a short-term capital gain or loss and if held for more than twelve months will constitute a long-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on a disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of capital gain dividends received by the shareholder and disallowed to the extent of any distributions of exempt-interest dividends, if any, received by the shareholder with respect to such shares.

Returns of Capital.     If the Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.

Medicare Contribution Tax.     Under current law, beginning in 2013, U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000, if married and filing jointly) will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on net investment income including interest, dividends, and capital gains. If applicable, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of your (i) net investment income or (ii) the excess of modified adjusted gross income over $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly).

Backup Withholding.     The Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax on all taxable distributions and sales payable to shareholders who fail to provide their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. The current backup withholding rate is 28%.

State and Local Income Taxes.     This Prospectus does not discuss the state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. You are urged and advised to consult your own tax adviser concerning state and local taxes, which may have different consequences from those of the federal income tax laws.

Non-U.S. Shareholders.     Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. taxes due to their investment in the Fund. This Prospectus does not discuss the U.S. or foreign country tax consequences of an investment by a non-U.S. shareholder in the Fund. Accordingly, non-U.S. shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisers as to the U.S. and foreign country tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

Statements and Notices.     You will receive an annual statement outlining the tax status of your distributions.

Important Tax Reporting Considerations.     For shares of the Fund redeemed after January 1, 2012, your financial intermediary or the Fund (if a shareholder holds the shares in the Fund direction account) will report gains and losses realized on redemptions of shares for shareholders who are individuals and S corporations purchased after January 1, 2012 to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). This information will also be reported to a shareholder on Form 1099-B and the IRS each year. In calculating the gain or loss on redemptions of shares, the average cost method will be used to determine the cost basis of the Fund’s shares purchased after January 1, 2012 unless the shareholder instructs the Fund in writing that the shareholder wants to use another available method for cost basis reporting (for example, First In, First Out (FIFO), Last In, First Out (LIFO), Specific Lot Identification (SLID) or High Cost, First Out (HIFO)). If the shareholder designates SLID as the shareholder’s tax cost basis method, the shareholder will also need to designate a secondary cost basis method (Secondary Method). If a Secondary Method is not provided, the Fund will designate FIFO as the Secondary Method and will use the Secondary Method with respect to systematic withdrawals made after January 1, 2012.

A shareholder’s financial intermediary or the Fund (if a shareholders holds the shares in the Fund direct account) is also required to report gains and losses to the IRS in connection with redemptions of shares by S corporations purchases after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder is a corporation and has not instructed the Fund that it is a C corporation in its Account Application or by written instruction, the Fund will treat the shareholder as an S corporation and file a Form 1099-B.

This section is only a summary of some important income tax considerations that may affect your investment in the Fund. More information regarding these considerations appears in the Fund’s SAI. You are urged and advised to consult your own tax adviser regarding the effects of an investment in the Fund on your tax situation.

 

28


DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES

 

Distributor

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, NE 68130, is the distributor for the shares of the Fund. Northern Lights Distributors, LLC is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis.

Distribution Fees

The Board of Trustees, on behalf of each of the Fund’s Class A shares and Class C shares, has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 12b-1 Plan”) that allows the Fund to pay distribution and service fees for the sale and distribution of its shares and for services provided to its shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. The Rule 12b-1 Plan provides for maximum payments of up to 0.25% and 1.00%, of the average daily net assets of Class A shares and Class C shares, respectively. With respect to the fee payable by Class C shares under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, the fee consists of a distribution fee of 0.75% of average daily net assets and a service fee of 0.25% of average daily net assets.

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund’s distributor, its Adviser and their affiliates may, at their own expense and out of their own legitimate profits, provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. Financial intermediaries include brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), insurance companies, investment advisers, financial advisers, financial planners, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators, their designated intermediaries, and any other firm having a selling, administration or similar agreement with the Fund. These payments are over and above Rule 12b-1 fees, sales charges or servicing fees which are disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services or marketing support. Marketing support may include access to sales meetings, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives, inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs. These payments may also be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Fund shareholders. The Adviser and its affiliates may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of shares sold. The distributor may, from time to time, provide promotional incentives, including reallowance and/or payment of up to the entire sales charge, to certain investment firms. Such incentives may, at the distributor’s discretion, be limited to investment firms who allow their individual selling representatives to participate in such additional commissions.

If investment advisers, underwriters/distributors or affiliates of mutual funds (including those of the Fund) pay bonuses and incentives in differing amounts, intermediaries and their representatives may have financial incentives for recommending a particular mutual fund over other mutual funds. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, a financial intermediary and its representatives may also have a financial incentive for recommending a particular share class over other share classes. You should consult with your financial advisor and review carefully any disclosure by the intermediary as to compensation received by your financial advisor.

Although the Fund may use firms that sell Fund shares to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund, the Fund and the Adviser will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing firms to effect those transactions.

Householding

To reduce expenses, the Fund will mail only one copy of the Prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses share by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call the Fund at 1-888-643-3431 on days the Fund is open for business or contact your financial institution. The Fund will begin sending you individual copies thirty days after receiving your request.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

Because the Fund has not commenced investment operations as of the date of this Prospectus, no financial highlights are available for the Fund at this time. In the future, financial highlights will be presented in this section of the Prospectus.

 

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Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

 

Adviser

  

Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP

47 Hulfish Street, Suite 510

Princeton, NJ 08542

Independent Registered Public Accountant

  

McGladrey LLP

555 Seventeenth Street

Suite 1000

Denver, CO 80202-3910

Custodian

  

U.S. Bank

950 17th Street, 5th Floor

Denver, CO 80202

Distributor

  

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC

17605 Wright Street

Omaha, NE 68130

Legal Counsel

  

Pepper Hamilton LLP

3000 Two Logan Square

18th & Arch Streets

Philadelphia, PA 19103

Transfer Agent

  

Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

Additional information about the Fund is included in the Fund’s SAI. The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus). The SAI provides more details about the Fund’s policies and management. Additional information about the Fund’s investments will also be available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Fund’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

To obtain a free copy of the SAI and, when issued, the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or other information about the Fund, or to make shareholder inquiries about the Fund, please call 1-888-643-3431. A website is not currently operated for the Fund. You may also write to:

 

Address for Regular Mail:    Address for Overnight Mail:

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

P.O. Box 541150

Omaha, Nebraska 68154-1150

1-888-643-3431

  

Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17605 Wright Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

1-888-643-3431

You may review and obtain copies of the Fund’s information at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Please call 1-202-551-8090 for information relating to the operation of the Public Reference Room. Reports and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.

 

Investment Company Act File # 811-22447


EQUINOX EQUITYHEDGE U.S. STRATEGY FUND – (CLASS A SHARES) (CLASS C SHARES) (CLASS I SHARES)

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION  |  June 27, 2013

EQUINOX EQUITYHEDGE U.S. STRATEGY FUND

Equinox Funds Trust

Class A EEHAX

Class C EEHIX

Class I EEHCX

Investment Adviser:

Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It is intended to provide additional information about the activities and operations of Equinox Funds Trust (the “Trust”) and the Equinox EquityHedge U.S. Strategy Fund (the “Fund”), a series of the Trust, and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s current prospectus, dated June 27, 2013, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”).

This SAI has been incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Prospectus. A copy of the Prospectus and annual report to shareholders (when available) may be obtained without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-888-643-3431.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

THE TRUST     1   
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS     1   
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS     14   
THE ADVISER     15   
THE SUB-ADVISERS     15   
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS     17   
THE DISTRIBUTOR     18   
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES     20   
THE ADMINISTRATOR     20   
THE TRANSFER AGENT     21   
THE CUSTODIAN     21   
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM     21   
LEGAL COUNSEL     21   
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST     22   
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES     27   
TAXES     28   
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER FUND BROKERAGE PRACTICES     37   
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE     38   
CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES     39   
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM     39   
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY     40   
CODES OF ETHICS     40   
APPENDIX A - RATINGS     A-1   
APPENDIX B – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES     B-1   


THE TRUST

 

The Trust is an open-end management investment company established under Delaware law as a statutory trust, and was organized on June 2, 2010. The Fund is a newly established, separate series of the Trust. The Trust offers other mutual fund series in addition to the Fund. The Fund issues Class A, Class C and Class I shares. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees”). The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), meaning it may invest in fewer companies than diversified investment companies. Each share of the Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in the Fund. See “Capital Stock and Other Securities.”

DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS

 

The Fund will only invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies.

Common Stock.     Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company or other entity. This ownership interest often gives the Fund the right to vote on measures affecting the company’s organization and operations. Although common stocks generally have had a history of long-term growth in value, their prices are often volatile in the short-term and can be influenced by both general market risk and specific corporate risks. Accordingly, the Fund can lose money through its stock investments.

Convertible Securities.     The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which may offer higher income than the common stocks into which they are convertible. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt or preferred securities, as applicable. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the issuer, and, therefore, an issuer’s convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. In addition, convertible securities are often lower-rated securities.

Because of the conversion feature, the price of the convertible security will normally fluctuate in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and as such is subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. The income component of a convertible security may tend to cushion the security against declines in the price of the underlying asset. However, the income component of convertible securities causes fluctuations based upon changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer.

If the convertible security’s “conversion value,” which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained upon the conversion of the convertible security, is substantially below the “investment value,” which is the value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield), the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. If the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the value of the security will be principally influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security will sell at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding an income-producing security.

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Fund generally would invest in convertible securities for their favorable price characteristics and total return potential and would normally not exercise an option to convert unless the security is called or conversion is forced.

 

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Depositary Receipts.     American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends interest and shareholder information regarding corporate actions. ADRs may be available through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and a depositary. An unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer of the underlying security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the unsponsored facility. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through, to the holders of the receipts, voting rights with respect to the deposited securities. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include foreign exchange risk as well as the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country.

Derivatives.     Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is based on an underlying asset, such as a stock or a bond, or an underlying economic factor, such as an interest rate or a market benchmark. Unless otherwise stated in the Fund’s prospectus, the Fund may use derivatives to gain exposure to the asset class and for risk management purposes, including to gain exposure to various markets in a cost efficient manner, to reduce transaction costs or to remain fully invested. The Fund may also invest in derivatives to protect from broad fluctuations in market prices, interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates (a practice known as “hedging”). When hedging is successful, the Fund will have to offset any depreciation in the value of its portfolio securities by the appreciation in the value of the derivative position. Although techniques other than the sale and purchase of derivatives could be used to control the exposure of the Fund to market fluctuations, the use of derivatives may be a more effective means of hedging this exposure. To the extent that the Fund engages in hedging, there can be no assurance that any hedge will be effective or that there will be a hedge in place at any given time.

Because many derivatives have a leverage or borrowing component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Accordingly, certain derivative transactions may be considered to constitute borrowing transactions for purposes of the 1940 Act. Such a derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance of a “senior security” by the Fund, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Fund, if the Fund covers the transaction or segregates sufficient liquid assets in accordance with the 1940 Act requirements or the rules and SEC interpretations thereunder.

Types of Derivatives:

Futures.     A futures contract is an agreement between two parties whereby one party sells and the other party agrees to buy a specified amount of a commodity or a financial instrument at an agreed upon price and time. The financial instrument underlying a futures contract may be a stock, stock index, bond, bond index, interest rate, foreign exchange rate or other similar instrument. Agreeing to buy the underlying commodity or financial instrument is called buying a futures contract or taking a long position in the contract. Likewise, agreeing to sell the underlying commodity or financial instrument is called selling a futures contract or taking a short position in the contract.

Futures contracts are traded in the U.S. on commodity exchanges or boards of trade – known as “contract markets” – approved for such trading and regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). These contract markets standardize the terms, including the maturity date and underlying financial instrument, of all futures contracts.

Unlike other securities or instruments, the parties to a futures contract do not have to pay for or deliver the underlying commodity or financial instrument until some future date (the delivery date). Contract markets require both the purchaser and seller to deposit “initial margin” with a futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant or custodian bank, when they enter into the contract. Initial margin deposits are typically equal to a percentage of the contract’s value. After they open a futures contract, the parties to the transaction must compare the purchase price of the contract to its daily market value. If the value of the futures contract changes in such a way that a party’s position declines, that party must make additional “variation margin” payments so that the margin payment is adequate. On the other hand, the value of the contract may change in such a way that there is excess margin on deposit, possibly entitling the party that has a gain to receive all or a portion of this amount. This process is known as “marking to the market.”

 

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Although the actual terms of a futures contract calls for the actual delivery of and payment for the underlying commodity or security, in many cases the parties may close the contract early by taking an opposite position in an identical contract. If the sale price upon closing out the contract is less than the original purchase price, the person closing out the contract will realize a loss. If the sale price upon closing out the contract is more than the original purchase price, the person closing out the contract will realize a gain. If the purchase price upon closing out the contract is more than the original sale price, the person closing out the contract will realize a loss. If the purchase price upon closing out the contract is less than the original sale price, the person closing out the contract will realize a gain.

The Fund may incur commission expenses when it opens or closes a futures position.

Options.     An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price (known as the “strike price” or “exercise price”) at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option grants a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. Generally, a seller of an option can grant a buyer two kinds of rights: a “call” (the right to buy the security) or a “put” (the right to sell the security). Options have various types of underlying instruments, including specific securities, indices of securities prices, foreign currencies, interest rates and futures contracts. Options may be traded on an exchange (exchange-traded-options) or may be customized agreements between the parties (over-the-counter or “OTC options”). Like futures, a financial intermediary, known as a clearing corporation, financially backs exchange-traded options. However, OTC options have no such intermediary and are subject to the risk that the counterparty will not fulfill its obligations under the contract.

 

 

Purchasing Put and Call Options

When the Fund purchases a put option, it buys the right to sell the instrument underlying the option at a fixed strike price. In return for this right, the Fund pays the current market price for the option (known as the “option premium”). The Fund may purchase put options to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of its securities (“protective puts”) or to benefit from a decline in the price of securities that it does not own. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and transaction costs. However, if the price of the underlying instrument does not fall enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option, a put buyer would lose the premium and related transaction costs.

Call options are similar to put options, except that the Fund obtains the right to purchase, rather than sell, the underlying instrument at the option’s strike price. The Fund would normally purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of securities it owns or wants to buy. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying instrument exceeded the exercise price plus the premium paid and related transaction costs. Otherwise, the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option.

The purchaser of an option may terminate its position by:

 

 

Allowing it to expire and losing its entire premium;

 

 

Exercising the option and either selling (in the case of a put option) or buying (in the case of a call option) the underlying instrument at the strike price; or

 

 

Closing it out in the secondary market at its current price.

 

 

Selling (Writing) Put and Call Options

When the Fund writes a call option, it assumes an obligation to sell specified securities to the holder of the option at a specified price if the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. Similarly, when the Fund writes a put option, it assumes an obligation to purchase specified securities from the option holder at a specified price if the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. The Fund may terminate its position in an exchange-traded put option before exercise by buying an option identical to the one it has written. Similarly, it may cancel an over-the-counter option by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counterparty to the option.

The Fund could try to hedge against an increase in the value of securities it would like to acquire by writing a put option on those securities. If security prices rise, the Fund would expect the put option to expire and the premium it received to offset the increase in the security’s value. If security prices remain the same over time, the Fund would hope to profit by closing out the put option at a lower price. If security prices fall, the Fund may lose an amount of money equal to the difference between the value of the security and the premium it received. Writing covered put options may deprive the Fund of the opportunity to profit from a decrease in the market price of the securities it would like to acquire.

The characteristics of writing call options are similar to those of writing put options, except that call writers expect to profit if prices remain the same or fall. The Fund could try to hedge against a decline in the value of securities it already owns by writing a call option. If the price of that security falls as expected, the Fund would expect the option to

 

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expire and the premium it received to offset the decline of the security’s value. However, the Fund must be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price, which may deprive it of the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the securities it holds.

The Fund is permitted only to write covered options. At the time of selling the call option, the Fund may cover the option by owning, among other things:

 

 

The underlying security (or securities convertible into the underlying security without additional consideration) or index, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract;

 

 

A call option on the same security or index with the same or lesser exercise price;

 

 

A call option on the same security or index with a greater exercise price and segregating cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to the difference between the exercise prices;

 

 

Cash or liquid securities equal to at least the market value of the optioned securities, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract; or

 

 

In the case of an index, the portfolio of securities that corresponds to the index.

At the time of selling a put option, the Fund may cover the put option by, among other things:

 

 

Entering into a short position in the underlying security;

 

 

Purchasing a put option on the same security, index, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract with the same or greater exercise price;

 

 

Purchasing a put option on the same security, index, interest rate, foreign currency or futures contract with a lesser exercise price and segregating cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to the difference between the exercise prices; or

 

 

Maintaining the entire exercise price in liquid securities.

 

 

Options on Securities Indices

Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash settlement payments and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.

 

 

Options on Futures

An option on a futures contract provides the holder with the right to buy a futures contract (in the case of a call option) or sell a futures contract (in the case of a put option) at a fixed time and price. Upon exercise of the option by the holder, the contract market clearing house establishes a corresponding short position for the writer of the option (in the case of a call option) or a corresponding long position (in the case of a put option). If the option is exercised, the parties will be subject to the futures contracts. In addition, the writer of an option on a futures contract is subject to initial and variation margin requirements on the option position. Options on futures contracts are traded on the same contract market as the underlying futures contract.

The buyer or seller of an option on a futures contract may terminate the option early by purchasing or selling an option of the same series ( i.e., the same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The difference between the premiums paid and received represents the trader’s profit or loss on the transaction.

The Fund may purchase put and call options on futures contracts instead of selling or buying futures contracts. The Fund may buy a put option on a futures contract for the same reasons it would sell a futures contract. It also may purchase such put options in order to hedge a long position in the underlying futures contract. The Fund may buy call options on futures contracts for the same purpose as the actual purchase of the futures contracts, such as in anticipation of favorable market conditions.

The Fund may write a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a decline in the prices of the instrument underlying the futures contracts. If the price of the futures contract at expiration were below the exercise price, the Fund would retain the option premium, which would offset, in part, any decline in the value of its portfolio securities.

The writing of a put option on a futures contract is similar to the purchase of the futures contracts, except that, if the market price declines, the Fund would pay more than the market price for the underlying instrument. The premium received on the sale of the put option, less any transaction costs, would reduce the net cost to the Fund.

 

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Combined Positions

The Fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with futures or forward contracts, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of the overall position. For example, the Fund could construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract by purchasing a put option and writing a call option on the same underlying instrument. Alternatively, the Fund could write a call option at one strike price and buy a call option at a lower price to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

 

 

Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts

A forward foreign currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific amount of currency at a future date or date range at a specific price. In the case of a cancelable forward contract, the holder has the unilateral right to cancel the contract at maturity by paying a specified fee. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts differ from foreign currency futures contracts in certain respects. Unlike futures contracts, forward contracts:

 

 

Do not have standard maturity dates or amounts (i.e., the parties to the contract may fix the maturity date and the amount).

 

 

Are traded in the inter-bank markets conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers, as opposed to futures contracts which are traded only on exchanges regulated by the CFTC.

 

 

Do not require an initial margin deposit.

 

 

May be closed by entering into a closing transaction with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract, as opposed to a commodities exchange.

Foreign Currency Hedging Strategies.     A “settlement hedge” or “transaction hedge” is designed to protect the Fund against an adverse change in foreign currency values between the date a security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received. Entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of the amount of foreign currency involved in an underlying security transaction for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars “locks in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. The Fund may also use forward contracts to purchase or sell a foreign currency when it anticipates purchasing or selling securities denominated in foreign currency, even if it has not yet selected the specific investments.

The Fund may use forward contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in foreign currency. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a “position hedge,” would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations, but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. The Fund could also hedge the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the currency in which the Fund’s investment is denominated. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a “proxy hedge,” could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield, or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a direct hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated.

Transaction and position hedging do not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities that the Fund owns or intends to purchase or sell. They simply establish a rate of exchange that one can achieve at some future point in time. Additionally, these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency and to limit any potential gain that might result from the increase in value of such currency.

The Fund may enter into forward contracts to shift its investment exposure from one currency into another. Such transactions may call for the delivery of one foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency, including currencies in which its securities are not then denominated. This may include shifting exposure from U.S. dollars to a foreign currency, or from one foreign currency to another foreign currency. This type of strategy, sometimes known as a “cross-hedge,” will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased. Cross-hedges may protect against losses resulting from a decline in the hedged currency, but will cause the Fund to assume the risk of fluctuations in the value of the currency it purchases. Cross hedging transactions also involve the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the currencies involved.

It is difficult to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration or maturity of a forward or futures contract. Accordingly, the Fund may have to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market if the market value of a security it is hedging is less than the amount of foreign currency it is obligated to deliver. Conversely, the Fund may have to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency it received upon the sale of a security if the market value of such security exceeds the amount of foreign currency it is obligated to deliver.

 

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To the extent that the Fund engages in foreign currency hedging, there can be no assurance that any hedge will be effective or that there will be a hedge in place at any given time.

Swaps, Caps, Collars and Floors

Swap Agreements.     A swap is a financial instrument that typically involves the exchange of cash flows between two parties on specified dates (settlement dates), where the cash flows are based on agreed-upon prices, rates, indices, etc. The nominal amount on which the cash flows are calculated is called the notional amount. Swaps are individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, foreign currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices or inflation rates.

Swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the investments of the Fund and its share price. The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency, or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declined, the value of a swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses.

Generally, swap agreements have a fixed maturity date that will be agreed upon by the parties. The agreement can be terminated before the maturity date under certain circumstances, such as default by one of the parties or insolvency, among others, and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. The Fund may be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or by other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, the Fund may not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the contract.

A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s gains or losses. In order to reduce the risk associated with leveraging, the Fund may cover its current obligations under swap agreements according to guidelines established by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). If the Fund enters into a swap agreement on a net basis, it will maintain coverage with a daily value at least equal to the excess, if any, of the Fund’s accrued obligations under the swap agreement over the accrued amount the Fund is entitled to receive under the agreement. If the Fund enters into a swap agreement on other than a net basis, it will maintain coverage with a value equal to the full amount of the Fund’s accrued obligations under the agreement.

 

 

Total Return Swaps

Total return swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments of the total return from the underlying asset during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another underlying asset. The total return includes appreciation or depreciation on the underlying asset, plus any interest or dividend payments. Payments under the swap are based upon an agreed upon principal amount but since the principal amount is not exchanged, it represents neither an asset nor a liability to either counterparty, and is referred to as notional. Total return swaps are marked to market daily using different sources, including quotations from counterparties, pricing services, brokers or market makers. The unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to the change in the valuation of the notional amount of the swap is combined with the amount due to the Fund at termination or settlement. The primary risks associated with total returns swaps are credit risks (if the counterparty fails to meet its obligations) and market risk (if there is no liquid market for the agreement or unfavorable changes occur to the underlying asset).

 

 

Equity Swaps

In a typical equity swap, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a stock, stock index or basket of stocks in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, for example, the index receiver can gain exposure to stocks making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those stocks. Equity index swaps involve not only the risk associated with investment in the securities represented in the index, but also the risk that the performance of such securities, including dividends, will not exceed the return on the interest rate that the Fund will be committed to pay.

 

 

Interest Rate Swaps

Interest rate swaps are financial instruments that involve the exchange of one type of interest rate for another type of interest rate cash flow on specified dates in the future. Some of the different types of interest rate swaps are “fixed-for floating rate swaps,” “termed basis swaps” and “index amortizing swaps.” Fixed-for floating rate swaps involve the exchange of fixed interest rate cash flows for floating rate cash flows. Termed basis swaps entail cash flows to both

 

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parties based on floating interest rates, where the interest rate indices are different. Index amortizing swaps are typically fixed-for floating swaps where the notional amount changes if certain conditions are met.

Like a traditional investment in a debt security, the Fund could lose money by investing in an interest rate swap if interest rates change adversely. For example, if the Fund enters into a swap where it agrees to exchange a floating rate of interest for a fixed rate of interest, the Fund may have to pay more money than it receives. Similarly, if the Fund enters into a swap where it agrees to exchange a fixed rate of interest for a floating rate of interest, the Fund may receive less money than it has agreed to pay.

 

 

Currency Swaps

A currency swap is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to make interest rate payments in one currency and the other promises to make interest rate payments in another currency. The Fund may enter into a currency swap when it has one currency and desires a different currency. Typically the interest rates that determine the currency swap payments are fixed, although occasionally one or both parties may pay a floating rate of interest. Unlike an interest rate swap, however, the principal amounts are exchanged at the beginning of the contract and returned at the end of the contract. Changes in foreign exchange rates and changes in interest rates, as described above may negatively affect currency swaps.

Caps, Collars and Floors.     Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options. In a typical cap or floor agreement, one party agrees to make payments only under specified circumstances, usually in return for payment of a fee by the other party. For example, the buyer of an interest rate cap obtains the right to receive payments to the extent that a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed-upon level. The seller of an interest rate floor is obligated to make payments to the extent that a specified interest rate falls below an agreed-upon level. An interest rate collar combines elements of buying a cap and selling a floor.

Risks of Derivatives:

While transactions in derivatives may reduce certain risks, these transactions themselves entail certain other risks. For example, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance of the Fund than if it had not entered into any derivatives transactions. Derivatives may magnify the Fund’s gains or losses, causing it to make or lose substantially more than it invested.

When used for hedging purposes, increases in the value of the securities the Fund holds or intends to acquire should offset any losses incurred with a derivative. Purchasing derivatives for purposes other than hedging could expose the Fund to greater risks.

Correlation of Prices.     The Fund’s ability to hedge its securities through derivatives depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index or instrument correlate with price movements in the relevant securities. In the case of poor correlation, the price of the securities the Fund is hedging may not move in the same amount, or even in the same direction as the hedging instrument. The Adviser or the Sub-Adviser, as the case may be, will try to minimize this risk by investing only in those contracts whose behavior it expects to resemble with the portfolio securities it is trying to hedge. However, if the Fund’s prediction of interest and currency rates, market value, volatility or other economic factors is incorrect, the Fund may lose money, or may not make as much money as it expected.

Derivative prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the characteristics of the underlying instruments are very similar to the derivative. Listed below are some of the factors that may cause such a divergence:

 

 

current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract;

 

 

a difference between the derivatives and securities markets, including different levels of demand, how the instruments are traded, the imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading of an instrument stops; and

 

 

differences between the derivatives, such as different margin requirements, different liquidity of such markets and the participation of speculators in such markets.

Derivatives based upon a narrow index of securities, such as those of a particular industry group, may present greater risk than derivatives based on a broad market index. Since narrower indices are made up of a smaller number of securities, they are more susceptible to rapid and extreme price fluctuations because of changes in the value of those securities.

While currency futures and options values are expected to correlate with exchange rates, they may not reflect other factors that affect the value of the investments of the Fund. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a

 

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yen-denominated security from a decline in the yen, but will not protect the Fund against a price decline resulting from deterioration in the issuer’s creditworthiness. Because the value of the Fund’s foreign-denominated investments changes in response to many factors other than exchange rates, it may not be possible to match the amount of currency options and futures to the value of the Fund’s investments precisely over time.

Lack of Liquidity.     Before a futures contract or option is exercised or expires, the Fund can terminate it only by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction. Moreover, the Fund may close out a futures contract only on the exchange on which the contract was initially traded. If there is no secondary market for the contract, or the market is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to close out its position. In an illiquid market, the Fund may:

 

 

have to sell securities to meet its daily margin requirements at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so;

 

 

have to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the contract;

 

 

not be able to hedge its investments; and

 

 

not be able to realize profits or limit its losses.

Derivatives may become illiquid (i.e., difficult to sell at a desired time and price) under a variety of market conditions. For example:

 

 

an exchange may suspend or limit trading in a particular derivative instrument, an entire category of derivatives or all derivatives, which sometimes occurs because of increased market volatility;

 

 

unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations of an exchange;

 

 

the facilities of the exchange may not be adequate to handle current trading volume;

 

 

equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house or other occurrences may disrupt normal trading activity; or

 

 

investors may lose interest in a particular derivative or category of derivatives.

Equity-Linked Securities.     The Fund may invest in equity-linked securities. Equity-linked securities are privately issued securities whose investment results are designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of stocks, or sometimes a single stock. To the extent that the Fund invests in an equity-linked security whose return corresponds to the performance of a foreign securities index or one or more foreign stocks, investing in equity-linked securities will involve risks similar to the risks of investing in foreign equity securities. See “Foreign Securities” below. In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the issuer of an equity-linked security may default on its obligations under the security. Equity-linked securities are often used for many of the same purposes as, and share many of the same risks with derivative instruments such as index futures on stock indexes, zero-strike options and warrants and swap agreements. See “Derivatives” above. Equity-linked securities may be considered illiquid and thus subject to the Fund’s restriction on investments in illiquid securities.

Foreign Securities.     The Fund may invest in foreign securities either directly by purchasing foreign securities or indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts or depositary shares of foreign securities. (See “Depositary Receipts” above.) Foreign securities include equity or debt securities issued by issuers outside the United States, and include securities in the form of ADRs and EDRs (see “Depositary Receipts”). Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter markets.

Foreign investments may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations. There may be less information available about a foreign company than about a U.S. company, and foreign companies may not be subject to reporting standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. Foreign securities may not be as liquid as U.S. securities. Securities of foreign companies may involve greater market risk than securities of U.S. companies, and foreign brokerage commissions and custody fees are generally higher than in the United States. Investments in foreign securities may also be subject to local economic or political risks, political instability and possible nationalization of issuers.

To date, the market values of securities of issuers located in different countries have moved relatively independently of each other. During certain periods, the return on equity investments in some countries has exceeded the return on similar investments in the United States. A decline in the value of the Fund’s investments in one country may offset potential gains from investments in another country.

Investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve risks that are not associated with domestic investments. Foreign issuers may lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements, and there is generally less publicly available information about foreign issuers than there is about domestic issuers. Gov-

 

8


ernmental regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies may be less pervasive than is customary in the United States.

Securities of some foreign issuers are less liquid and their prices are more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Foreign securities settlements may in some instances be subject to delays and related administrative uncertainties that could result in temporary periods when assets of the Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon and may involve a risk of loss to the Fund. Foreign securities markets may have substantially less volume than U.S. markets and far fewer traded issues. Fixed brokerage commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than in the United States, and transaction costs with respect to smaller capitalization companies may be higher than those of larger capitalization companies. Income from foreign securities may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source or other foreign taxes. In some countries, there may also be the possibility of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation (in which case the Fund could lose its entire investment in a certain market), limitations on the removal of monies or other assets of the Fund, higher rates of inflation, political or social instability or revolution, or diplomatic developments that could affect investments in those countries. In addition, it may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States.

Some of the risks described in the preceding paragraph may be more severe for investments in emerging or developing countries. By comparison with the United States and other developed countries, emerging or developing countries may have relatively unstable governments, economies based on a less diversified industrial base and securities markets that trade a smaller number of securities. Companies in emerging markets may generally be smaller, less experienced and more recently organized than many domestic companies. Prices of securities traded in the securities markets of emerging or developing countries tend to be volatile. Furthermore, foreign investors are subject to many restrictions in emerging or developing countries. These restrictions may require, among other things, governmental approval prior to making investments or repatriating income or capital, or may impose limits on the amount or type of securities held by foreigners or on the companies in which the foreigners may invest.

The economies of individual emerging countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rates of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payment position and may be based on a substantially less diversified industrial base. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.

Investments in foreign securities will usually be denominated in foreign currencies and therefore, the Fund may temporarily hold cash in foreign currencies. The value of the Fund’s investments denominated in foreign currencies may be affected, favorably or unfavorably, by the relative strength of the U.S. dollar, changes in foreign currency and U.S. dollar exchange rates and exchange control regulations. The Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Fund’s value could be affected by changes in currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the value of dividends and interest earned, and gains and losses realized on the sale of securities. The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets (which in turn are affected by interest rates, trade flows and numerous other factors, including, in some countries, local governmental intervention).

Management Risk.     If the Adviser or a sub-adviser, as the case may be, incorrectly predicts stock market and interest rate trends, the Fund may lose money by investing in derivatives. For example, if the Fund were to write a call option based on the Adviser’s or a sub-adviser’s, as the case may be, expectation that the price of the underlying security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the Fund could be required to sell the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if the Fund were to write a put option based on the Adviser’s or a sub-adviser’s expectation that the price of the underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the Fund could be required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market price.

Pricing Risk.     At times, market conditions might make it hard to value some investments. For example, if the Fund has valued its securities too highly, you may end up paying too much for Fund shares when you buy into the Fund. If the Fund underestimates its price, you may not receive the full market value for your Fund shares when you sell.

Margin.     Because of the low margin deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions involve an extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss (as well as gain) to the Fund and it may lose more than it originally invested in the derivative.

 

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If the price of a futures contract changes adversely, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. The Fund may lose its margin deposits if a broker with whom it has an open futures contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.

Volatility and Leverage.     The prices of derivatives are volatile (i.e., they may change rapidly, substantially and unpredictably) and are influenced by a variety of factors, including:

 

 

actual and anticipated changes in interest rates;

 

 

fiscal and monetary policies; and

 

 

national and international political events.

Most exchanges limit the amount by which the price of a derivative can change during a single trading day. Daily trading limits establish the maximum amount that the price of a derivative may vary from the settlement price of that derivative at the end of trading on the previous day. Once the price of a derivative reaches this value, the Fund may not trade that derivative at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a given day and does not limit potential gains or losses. Derivative prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days, preventing prompt liquidation of the derivative.

Because of the low margin deposits required upon the opening of a derivative position, such transactions involve an extremely high degree of leverage. Consequently, a relatively small price movement in a derivative may result in an immediate and substantial loss (as well as gain) to the Fund and it may lose more than it originally invested in the derivative.

If the price of a futures contract changes adversely, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so to meet its minimum daily margin requirement. The Fund may lose its margin deposits if a broker-dealer with whom it has an open futures contract or related option becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy.

Tax Risk.     The Fund intends to qualify annually to be treated as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”). To qualify as a RIC under the IRC, the Fund must invest in assets which produce the types of income specified in the IRC and the Treasury regulations (“Qualifying Income”). Whether the income from certain derivatives securities and swap agreements is Qualifying Income is unclear. If the Fund invests in these types of securities and the income is determined to not be Qualifying Income, it may cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC under the IRC. See “ Taxes ” below for additional information related to these restrictions.

Exchange-Traded Funds     (“ETFs”). ETFs are investment companies or grantor trusts whose shares are bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF holds a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. Some examples of ETFs are SPDRs ® , streetTRACKS, DIAMONDS SM , NASDAQ 100 Index Tracking Stock SM (“QQQs SM ”), and iShares ® . The Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities they are designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities, and ETFs have management fees that increase their costs versus the costs of owning the underlying securities directly. See also “Investment Company Shares” below.

Fixed Income Securities.     Fixed income securities include bonds, notes, debentures and other interest-bearing securities that represent indebtedness. The market value of the fixed income investments in which the Fund invests will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities generally decline. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Changes by recognized agencies in the rating of any fixed income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of these securities will not necessarily affect cash income derived from these securities but will affect the Fund’s net asset value.

Investment Company Shares.     The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. Such investments are subject to limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder and applicable SEC staff interpretations thereof, or applicable exemptive relief granted by the SEC. These investment companies typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Fund. The Fund’s purchases of such investment company securities results in the layering of expenses, such that shareholders would indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such investment companies, including advisory fees, in addition to paying the Fund’s expenses. Under the 1940 Act, unless an exception is available, the Fund is prohibited from acquiring the securities of another investment company if, as a result of such acquisition: (1) the Fund owns more than 3% of the total voting stock of the other

 

10


company; (2) securities issued by any one investment company represent more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets; or (3) securities (other than treasury stock) issued by all investment companies represent more than 10% of the total assets of the Fund.

For hedging or other purposes, the Fund may invest in investment companies that seek to track the composition and/or performance of specific indexes or portions of specific indexes. Certain of these investment companies, known as ETFs, are traded on a securities exchange. (See “Exchange-Traded Funds” above). The market prices of index-based investments will fluctuate in accordance with changes in the underlying portfolio securities of the investment company and also due to supply and demand of the investment company’s shares on the exchange upon which the shares are traded. Index-based investments may not replicate or otherwise match the composition or performance of their specified index due to transaction costs, among other things. Pursuant to an order issued by the SEC to iShares ® Funds and procedures approved by the Board, the Fund may invest in iShares ® Funds in excess of the 5% and 10% limits described above, provided that the Fund has described ETF investments in its prospectus and otherwise complies with the conditions of the SEC, as it may be amended, and any other applicable investment limitations. iShares ® is a registered trademark of BlackRock, Inc. (“BR”). Neither BR nor the iShares ® Funds makes any representations regarding the advisability of investing in the iShares ® Funds.

Money Market Securities.     Money market securities include short-term U.S. government securities; custodial receipts evidencing separately traded interest and principal components of securities issued by the U.S. Treasury; commercial paper rated in the highest short-term rating category by a nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (“NRSRO”), such as Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s, or determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase; short-term bank obligations (certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. commercial banks with assets of at least $1 billion as of the end of their most recent fiscal year; and repurchase agreements involving such securities. Each of these money market securities are described below. For a description of ratings, see “Appendix A – Ratings” to this SAI.

Preferred Stock.     The Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects. As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar stated yield characteristics. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Preferred stock also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.

U.S. Government Securities.     Examples of types of U.S. government obligations in which the Fund may invest include U.S. Treasury Obligations and the obligations of U.S. government agencies such as Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, Federal National Mortgage Association, Government National Mortgage Association, General Services Administration, Student Loan Marketing Association, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Freddie Mac (formerly Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation), Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Maritime Administration, and other similar agencies. Whether backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury or not, U.S. government securities are not guaranteed against price movements due to fluctuating interest rates.

 

 

U.S. Treasury Obligations.     U.S. Treasury obligations consist of bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the federal book-entry system known as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”) and Treasury Receipts (“TRs”).

 

 

Receipts.     Interests in separately traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. government obligations that are issued by banks or brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. government obligations into a special account at a custodian bank. The custodian holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owners of the certificates or receipts. The custodian arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. TRs and STRIPS are interests in accounts sponsored by the U.S. Treasury. Receipts are sold as zero coupon securities.

 

 

U.S. Government Zero Coupon Securities.     STRIPS and receipts are sold as zero coupon securities, that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion

 

11


 

constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturity and credit qualities.

 

 

U.S. Government Agencies.     Some obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury, while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. Guarantees of principal by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation, so that in the event of a default prior to maturity, there might not be a market and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of the Fund’s shares.

Commercial Paper.     Commercial paper is the term used to designate unsecured short-term promissory notes issued by corporations and other entities. Maturities on these issues vary from a few to 270 days.

Obligations of Domestic Banks, Foreign Banks and Foreign Branches of U.S. Banks.     The Fund may invest in obligations issued by banks and other savings institutions. Investments in bank obligations include obligations of domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such investments in domestic branches of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may involve risks that are different from investments in securities of domestic branches of U.S. banks. These risks may include future unfavorable political and economic developments, possible withholding taxes on interest income, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations, or other governmental restrictions which might affect the payment of principal or interest on the securities held by the Fund. Additionally, these institutions may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing, reporting and recordkeeping requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks. Bank obligations include the following:

 

 

Bankers’ Acceptances.     Bankers’ acceptances are bills of exchange or time drafts drawn on and accepted by a commercial bank. Corporations use bankers’ acceptances to finance the shipment and storage of goods and to furnish dollar exchange. Maturities are generally six months or less.

 

 

Certificates of Deposit.     Certificates of deposit are interest-bearing instruments with a specific maturity. They are issued by banks and savings and loan institutions in exchange for the deposit of funds and normally can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Certificates of deposit with penalties for early withdrawal will be considered illiquid.

 

 

Time Deposits.     Time deposits are non-negotiable receipts issued by a bank in exchange for the deposit of funds. Like a certificate of deposit, it earns a specified rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it cannot be traded in the secondary market. Time deposits with a withdrawal penalty or that mature in more than seven days are considered to be illiquid securities.

Repurchase Agreements.     The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with financial institutions. The Fund follows certain procedures designed to minimize the risks inherent in such agreements. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with creditworthy financial institutions whose condition will be continually monitored by the Adviser. The repurchase agreements entered into by the Fund will provide that the underlying collateral at all times shall have a value at least equal to 102% of the resale price stated in the agreement (the Adviser monitors compliance with this requirement). Under all repurchase agreements entered into by the Fund, the custodian or its agent must take possession of the underlying collateral. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of the Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. It is the current policy of the Fund, not to invest in repurchase agreements that do not mature within seven days if any such investment, together with any other illiquid assets held by the Fund, amounts to more than 15% of the Fund’s total assets. The investments of the Fund in repurchase agreements, at times, may be substantial when, in the view of the Adviser, liquidity or other considerations so warrant.

Securities Lending.     The Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed 33 1/3% of the total asset value of the Fund (including the loan collateral). The Fund will not lend portfolio securities to its investment adviser or affiliates unless they have applied for and received specific authority to do so from the SEC. Loans of portfolio securities will be fully collateralized by cash, letters of credit or U.S. government securities, and the collateral will be maintained in an amount equal to at least 100% of the

 

12


current market value of the loaned securities by marking to market daily. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the Fund.

The Fund may pay a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral, or other fee, to an unaffiliated third party for acting as the Fund’s securities lending agent.

By lending its securities, the Fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower that reflect the amount of any interest or any dividends payable on the loaned securities as well as by either investing cash collateral received from the borrower in short-term instruments or obtaining a fee from the borrower when U.S. government securities or letters of credit are used as collateral. The Fund will adhere to the following conditions whenever its portfolio securities are loaned: (i) the Fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral or equivalent securities of the type discussed in the preceding paragraph from the borrower; (ii) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities rises above the level of such collateral; (iii) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan on demand; (iv) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities and any increase in market value; (v) the Fund may pay only reasonable fees in connection with the loan (which fees may include fees payable to the lending agent, the borrower, the Fund’s administrator and the custodian); and (vi) voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, provided, however, that if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs, the Fund must terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities. The Board has adopted procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the foregoing criteria will be met. Loan agreements involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the borrower, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to recover the loaned securities or dispose of the collateral for the loan, which could give rise to loss because of adverse market action, expenses and/or delays in connection with the disposition of the underlying securities.

Illiquid Securities.     Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business (within seven days) at approximately the prices at which they are valued. Because of their illiquid nature, illiquid securities must be priced at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Despite such good faith efforts to determine fair value prices, the Fund’s illiquid securities are subject to the risk that the security’s fair value price may differ from the actual price which the Fund may ultimately realize upon their sale or disposition. Difficulty in selling illiquid securities may result in a loss or may be costly to the Fund. Under the supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Adviser or a sub-adviser, as the case may be, determines the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. In determining the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, the Adviser or a sub-adviser, as the case may be, may consider various factors, including (1) the frequency and volume of trades and quotations, (2) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace, (3) dealer undertakings to make a market, and (4) the nature of the security and the market in which it trades (including any demand, put or tender features, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, any letters of credit or other credit enhancement features, any ratings, the number of holders, the method of soliciting offers, the time required to dispose of the security, and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security). The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

Restricted Securities.     Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold freely to the public absent registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”) or an exemption from registration. As consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, the Fund may invest in Section 4(2) commercial paper. Section 4(2) commercial paper is issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Act and is generally sold to institutional investors who purchase for investment. Any resale of such commercial paper must be in an exempt transaction, usually to an institutional investor through the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in such commercial paper. The Trust believes that Section 4(2) commercial paper is liquid to the extent it meets the criteria established by the Board of Trustees of the Trust. The Trust intends to treat such commercial paper as liquid and not subject to the investment limitations applicable to illiquid securities or restricted securities.

Short Sales.     As consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may engage in short sales that are either “uncovered” or “against the box.” A short sale is “against the box” if at all times during which the short position is open, the Fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or exchangeable without further consideration for, securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to the Fund with respect to the securities that are sold short.

Uncovered short sales are transactions under which the Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such a transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of the loan. To

 

13


borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.

Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will: (a) maintain a segregated account containing cash or liquid securities at such a level that (i) the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short; and (ii) the amount deposited in the segregated account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will not be less than the market value of the security at the time the security was sold short, or (b) otherwise cover the Fund’s short position.

Rights Offerings and Warrants to Purchase Securities.     The Fund may participate in rights offerings and may purchase warrants, which are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe to and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. Subscription rights normally have a short life span to expiration. The purchase of rights or warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a right or warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the rights’ and warrants’ expiration. Also, the purchase of rights and/or warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the right and/or warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security. Buying a warrant does not make the Fund a shareholder of the underlying stock. The warrant holder has no voting or dividend rights with respect to the underlying stock. A warrant does not carry any right to assets of the issuer, and for this reason investment in warrants may be more speculative than other equity-based investments.

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

The following investment limitations are in addition to those described in the Prospectus. These investment limitations are “fundamental” and may be changed with respect to the Fund only with the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s “outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act. Except with respect to the asset coverage requirement under Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act with respect to borrowing, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in value of portfolio securities or amount of net assets will not be considered a violation of the investment limitation. In the case of borrowing, however, the Fund will promptly take action to reduce the amount of the Fund’s borrowings outstanding if, because of changes in the net asset value of the Fund due to market action, the amount of such borrowings exceeds one-third of the value of the Fund’s net assets.

The Fund will not:

 

1. Invest 25% or more of the value of the Fund’s total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries. This limit does not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities.

 

2. Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

3. Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

4. Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

5. Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

When engaging in options, futures and forward currency contract strategies, the Fund will either: (1) earmark or set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the custodian in the prescribed amount; or (2) hold securities or other options or futures contracts whose values are expected to offset (“cover”) its obligations thereunder. Securities, currencies or other options or futures contracts used for cover cannot be sold or closed out while the strategy is outstanding, unless they are replaced with similar assets.

 

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THE ADVISER

 

General.     Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP, a Delaware limited partnership formed in 2003, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. It has been registered with the SEC as an investment adviser since 2005 and registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a commodity pool operator since 2010. The Adviser’s principal place of business is located at 47 Hulfish Street, Suite 510, Princeton, NJ 08542. The Adviser is controlled by Equinox Financial Group, LLC through such entity’s ownership interest in the Adviser. As of December 31, 2012, the Adviser had approximately $261 million in assets under management.

Advisory Agreement with the Trust.     The Trust and the Adviser have entered into an investment advisory agreement with respect to the Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser serves as the investment adviser and makes the investment decisions for the Fund and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Fund’s investment program, subject to the supervision of, and policies established by, the Trustees of the Trust. The Adviser may at any time, upon approval by the Board of Trustees, enter into one or more sub-advisory agreements with a sub-adviser pursuant to which the Adviser delegates any or all of its duties as set forth in the Advisory Agreement. The Adviser is responsible for the ongoing performance evaluation and monitoring of each sub-adviser.

After its initial two-year term, the continuance of the Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on not less than 60 days written notice to the Adviser, or by the Adviser on 60 days written notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.

Advisory Fees Paid to the Adviser.     For its services, the Adviser is entitled to an investment advisory fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 1.95% the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser has contractually agreed that from commencement of the Fund’s operations through July 31, 2014, it will reduce its compensation and/or reimburse certain expenses for the Fund, to the extent necessary to ensure that the Fund’s total operating expenses, excluding taxes, any class-specific fees and expenses (such as Rule 12b-1 distribution fees, shareholder service fees, or transfer agency fees), interest, extraordinary items, “Acquired Fund fees and expenses” and brokerage commissions, do not exceed, 2.24% (on an annual basis) of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Adviser shall be entitled to recover, subject to approval by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, such waived or reimbursed amounts for a period of up to three (3) years from the year in which the Adviser reduced its compensation and/or assumed expenses for the Fund.

THE SUB-ADVISERS

 

Confluence Investment Management, LLC, Equity Investment Corporation, Logan Capital Management, Inc., Polen Capital Management, LLC, Quantum Capital Management Co. and Turner Investments, L.P. are the sub-advisers to the Fund. It is the Adviser’s responsibility to select sub-advisers for the Fund and to review each sub-adviser’s performance. The Adviser determines the Fund’s asset allocation among the different sub-advisers.

The Adviser provides investment management evaluation services by performing initial due diligence on each sub-adviser and thereafter monitoring the sub-advisers’ performance for compliance with the Fund’s investment objective and strategies, as well as adherence to its investment style. The Adviser also conducts performance evaluations through in-person, telephonic and written consultations. In evaluating the sub-advisers, the Adviser considers, among other factors: their level of expertise; relative performance and consistency of performance over a minimum period of time; level of adherence to investment discipline or philosophy; personnel, facilities and financial strength; and quality of service and client communications.

While each sub-adviser is subject to the oversight of the Adviser, the Adviser will not attempt to coordinate or manage the day-to-day investments of the sub-advisers. Each sub-adviser has complete discretion to invest its portion of the

 

15


Fund’s assets as it deems appropriate within the constraints of the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and restrictions.

Not all of the sub-advisers listed for the Fund may be actively managing assets for the Fund at all times. Subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser may allocate Fund assets away from a sub-advisor. Situations in which the Adviser may make such a determination include, but are not limited to, the level of assets in the Fund, changes in a sub-adviser’s personnel or a sub-adviser’s adherence to an investment strategy.

Equity Investment Corporation

The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Equity Investment Corporation (“EIC”) to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets in accordance with EIC’s All-Cap Value strategy. EIC is located at 3007 Piedmont Road NE, Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30305, and is a registered investment adviser. EIC, which was established in 1986, offers investment advisory services to investors based upon a value-oriented investment approach. As of December 31, 2012, EIC had approximately $2,300 million in assets under management.

Confluence Investment Management, LLC

The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Confluence Investment Management, LLC (“Confluence”) to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets in accordance with Confluence’s Large Cap Value strategy. Confluence is located at 349 Marshall Avenue, Suite 302, St. Louis, MO 63119, and is a registered investment adviser. Confluence, which was established in 2007, offers professional portfolio management and advisory services to institutional and individual clients. It employs investment strategies based upon independent, fundamental research that integrates its evaluation of market cycles, macroeconomics and geopolitical analysis with a value-driven, fundamental company-specific approach. As of December 31, 2012, Confluence had approximately $1,270 million in assets under management.

Logan Capital Management, Inc.

The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Logan Capital Management, Inc. (“Logan”) to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets in accordance with Logan’s Growth strategy. Logan is located at Six Coulter Avenue, Suite 2000, Ardmore, Pennsylvania 19003, and is a registered investment adviser. Logan, which was established in 1993, offers advisory services in respect of equity and fixed income investments to institutional clients, strategic partners and individual clients. As of December 31, 2012, Logan had approximately $1,932 million in assets under management.

Polen Capital Management, LLC

The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Polen Capital Management, LLC (“Polen”) to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets in accordance with Polen’s Large Cap Growth strategy. Polen is located at 2700 N. Military Trail, Suite 230, Boca Raton, FL 33431-6394, and is a registered investment adviser. Polen, which was established in 1979, offers advisory services focused on identifying high quality large cap growth companies that are able to deliver sustainable above average growth in earnings. As of December 31, 2012, Polen had approximately $4,527 million in assets under management.

Quantum Capital Management Co.

The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Quantum Capital Management Co (“Quantum”) to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets in accordance with Quantum’s Mid Cap Growth strategy. Quantum is located at 770 Tamalpais Drive, Suite 204, Corte Madera, CA 94925, and is a registered investment adviser. Quantum, which was established in 1996, offers financial planning, consulting, and investment management services to institutional and individual clients. As of December 31, 2012, Quantum had approximately $450 million in assets under management.

Turner Investments, L.P.

The Adviser has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Turner Investments, L.P. (“Turner”) to manage a portion of the Fund’s assets in accordance with Tuner’s Small Cap Growth strategy. Turner is located at 1205 Westlakes Drive, Suite 100, Berwyn, PA 19312, and is a registered investment adviser. Turner, which was established in 1990, offers investment advisory services to investors based upon a growth-oriented investment approach. As of December 31, 2012, Turner had approximately $10,700 million in assets under management.

Sub-Advisory Agreements.     The Adviser and each sub-adviser have entered into a sub-advisory agreement with respect to the Fund (each a “Sub-Advisory Agreement” and collectively, the “Sub-Advisory Agreements”). Each Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the sub-adviser has discretionary investment authority with respect to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to it by the Adviser, subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code

 

16


of 1986, as amended, applicable state securities laws, applicable statutes and regulations of foreign jurisdictions, the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions and the instructions of the Board of Trustees and the Adviser.

After its initial two-year term, the continuance of each Sub-Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Sub-Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to the Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, on not less than 60 days written notice to the sub-adviser, or by the sub-adviser on 60 days written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the sub-adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.

Sub-Advisory Fees Paid to the Sub-Adviser.     The Adviser pays sub-advisory fees to each sub-adviser from its advisory fee. Each sub-adviser’s base fee is accrued daily and paid monthly, based on the Fund’s average net assets allocated to the sub-adviser during the current month. The compensation of any officer, director, or employee of each sub-adviser who is rendering services to the Fund is paid by such sub-adviser.

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

This section supplements the information provided in the Prospectus under the heading “Portfolio Managers,” and includes information about other accounts managed by, the dollar range of Fund shares owned by and compensation of the Fund’s portfolio managers. The Adviser’s portfolio managers are Afroz Qadeer, Sue Osborne, Ajay Dravid and Rufus Rankin.

Equinox Institutional Asset Management, LP, Adviser

Compensation (as of December 31, 2012).     Mr. Qadeer, Ms. Osborne, Dr. Dravid and Mr. Rankin are each paid a fixed salary and discretionary bonus by the Adviser, which is contingent upon the overall performance of the Adviser and each individual’s contribution to the Adviser’s performance, and is not directly contingent upon the performance of the Fund.

Fund Shares Owned by the Portfolio Managers.     As of December 31, 2012, Mr. Qadeer, Ms. Osborne, Dr. Dravid and Mr. Rankin did not own shares of the Fund.

Other Accounts.     In addition to the Fund, Mr. Qadeer, Ms. Osborne, Dr. Dravid and Mr. Rankin are responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as listed below. The information below is provided as of December 31, 2012.

Afroz Qadeer

 

Account Type

   Number of
Accounts by
Account Type
     Total Assets By
Account Type
     Number of
Accounts by Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
     Total Assets By
Account Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     0       $ 0         N/A         N/A   

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

     0       $ 0         N/A         N/A   

Other Accounts

     2       $ 261,000,000         2       $ 261,000,000   

Sue Osborne

 

Account Type

   Number of
Accounts by
Account Type
     Total Assets By
Account Type
     Number of
Accounts by Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
     Total Assets By
Account Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     0       $ 0         N/A         N/A   

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

     0       $ 0         N/A         N/A   

Other Accounts

     2       $ 261,000,000         2       $ 261,000,000   

 

17


Ajay Dravid

 

Account Type

   Number of
Accounts by
Account Type
     Total Assets By
Account Type
     Number of
Accounts by Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
     Total Assets By
Account Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     10       $ 845,106,000         N/A         N/A   

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

     1       $ 312,972,049         1       $ 312,972,049   

Other Accounts

     N/A         N/A         N/A         N/A   

Rufus Rankin

 

Account Type

   Number of
Accounts by
Account Type
     Total Assets By
Account Type
     Number of
Accounts by Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
     Total Assets By
Account Type
Subject to a
Performance Fee
 

Registered Investment Companies

     10       $ 845,106,000         N/A         N/A   

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

     1       $ 312,972,049         1       $ 312,972,049   

Other Accounts

     N/A         N/A         N/A         N/A   

Conflicts of Interests (as of December 31, 2012).     The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts referenced above, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Fund. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the portfolio managers could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include the portfolio managers’ knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of the Fund’s trade, whereby the portfolio managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Fund. However, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated.

Proxy Voting Policies.     The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Policies”) on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies of securities held by the Fund to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser to present to the Board, at least annually, the Adviser’s Proxy Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. A copy of the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies is attached hereto as Appendix B.

More information.     Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund during the most recent 12-month period ending June 30th will be available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at 1-888-643-3431; and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures are attached herewith as Appendix B.

THE DISTRIBUTOR

 

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, located at 17605 Wright Street, Omaha, NE 68130 (the “Distributor”) serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Fund pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement with the Trust (the “Underwriting Agreement”). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and each state’s securities laws and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). The offering of the Fund’s shares is continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Fund shares, will use its best efforts to distribute the Fund’s shares.

The Underwriting Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Distributor by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

 

18


The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated by the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund on 60 days written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Fund. The Underwriting Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.

The Distributor may enter into selling agreements with broker-dealers that solicit orders for the sale of shares of the Fund and may allow concessions to dealers that sell shares of the Fund. If a class of the Fund charges a sales charge, the Distributor receives the portion of the sales charge on all direct initial investments in the Fund and on all investments in accounts with no designed dealer of record. If a class of the Fund has a contingent deferred sales charge, the Distributor retains the contingent deferred sales charge on redemptions of shares of the Fund that are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. The Distributor will be compensated for distribution services according to the Rule 12b-1 Plan (defined below) applicable to a specific class regardless of the Distributor’s expenses. If such compensation exceeds the Distributor’s expenses, the Distributor may realize a profit from these arrangements.

Rule 12b-1 Plan and Agreement .     The Trust has adopted a distribution plan and related agreement pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the Fund (the “Rule 12b-1 Plan”) pursuant to which the Fund is authorized to pay fees to the Distributor for providing distribution and other services to the Fund such as public relations services, telephone services, sales presentations, media charges, preparation, printing and mailing advertising and sales literature, data processing necessary to support a distribution effort and printing and mailing of prospectuses to prospective shareholders. Additionally, the Distributor may pay certain financial institutions such as banks or broker-dealers who have entered into servicing agreements with the Distributor and other financial institutions for distribution and shareholder servicing activities.

With respect to Class A shares, the Rule 12b-1 Plan allows for the payment of a distribution fee up to 0.25% of average daily net assets of the Class A shares of the Fund to pay for distribution activities and expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Class A shares. With respect to Class C shares, the Rule 12b-1 Plan allows for the payment of a distribution and service fee up to 0.75% of average daily net assets of the Class C shares of the Fund to pay for distribution activities and expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Class C shares and a shareholder servicing fee of 0.25% of average daily net assets for personal services and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts of shareholders of Class C shares.

Under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, if any payments made by the Adviser out of its advisory fee, not to exceed the amount of that fee, to any third parties (including banks), including payments for shareholder servicing and transfer agent functions, were deemed to be indirect financing by the Fund of the distribution of its Class A shares and Class C shares, such payments are authorized. The Fund may execute portfolio transactions with and purchase securities issued by depository institutions that receive payments under the Rule 12b-1 Plan. No preference for instruments issued by such depository institutions is shown in the selection of investments.

Dealer Reallowances .     Class A shares of the Fund are sold subject to a front-end sales charge as described in the prospectus. Selling dealers are normally reallowed a portion of the sales charge by the Distributor. The following table shows the amount of the front-end sales charge that is reallowed to dealers as a percentage of the offering price of Class A Shares.

 

Amount Invested

   Sales Charge as a %
of Offering Price
    Sales Charge as a %
of Amount Invested
    Dealer Reallowance  

Under $25,000

     5.75     6.10     5.00

$25,000 to $49,999

     5.00     5.26     4.25

$50,000 to $99,999

     4.75     4.99     4.00

$100,000 to $249,999

     3.75     3.90     3.25

$250,000 to $499,999

     2.50     2.56     2.00

$500,000 to $999,999

     2.00     2.04     1.75

$1,000,000 and above

     0.00     0.00     See Below   

Authorized broker-dealers may receive commissions on purchases of Class A shares over $1 million calculated as follows: For sales of $1 million or more, payments may be made to those broker-dealers having at least $1 million of assets invested in the Fund, a fee of up to 1% of the offering price of such shares up to $2.5 million, 0.5% of the offering price from $2.5 million to $5 million, and 0.25% of the offering price over $5 million. The commission rate is determined based on the purchase amount combined with the current market value of existing investments in Class A shares.

 

19


PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates, at their discretion, may make payments from their own resources and not from Fund assets to affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with the Fund, its service providers or their respective affiliates, as incentives to help market and promote the Fund and/or in recognition of their distribution, marketing, administrative services, and/or processing support.

These additional payments may be made to financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares or provide services to the Fund, the Distributor or shareholders of the Fund through the financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel and/or fund supermarkets. Payments may also be made through the financial intermediary’s retirement, qualified tuition, fee-based advisory, wrap fee bank trust, or insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. These payments may include, but are not limited to, placing the Fund in a financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel or on a preferred or recommended fund list; providing business or shareholder financial planning assistance; educating financial intermediary personnel about the Fund; providing access to sales and management representatives of the financial intermediary; promoting sales of Fund shares; providing marketing and educational support; maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, administrative or shareholder transaction processing services. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services.

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may also make payments from their own resources to financial intermediaries for costs associated with the purchase of products or services used in connection with sales and marketing, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs, client and investor entertainment and other sponsored events. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, sponsorship at educational seminars and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law.

Revenue sharing payments may be negotiated based on a variety of factors, including the level of sales, the amount of Fund assets attributable to investments in the Fund by financial intermediaries’ customers, a flat fee or other measures as determined from time to time by the Adviser and/or its affiliates. A significant purpose of these payments is to increase the sales of Fund shares, which in turn may benefit the Adviser through increased fees as Fund assets grow.

THE ADMINISTRATOR

 

The Administrator for the Fund is Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (“GFS”), which has its principal office at 450 Wireless Blvd., Hauppauge, New York 11788, and is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. GFS is an affiliate of the Distributor.

Pursuant to the Fund Services Agreement with the Trust, GFS provides administrative services to the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Board. GFS may provide persons to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of the Administrator or its affiliates.

The Fund Services Agreement was initially approved by the Board at a meeting held on December 20, 2010. The Agreement shall remain in effect for two years from the effective date of the Fund, and subject to annual approval of the Board for one-year periods thereafter. The Fund Services Agreement is terminable at the end of the initial term or subsequent renewal period by the Board or GFS on ninety days’ written notice. The Fund Services Agreement provides that, in the absence of GFS’ lack of good faith, negligence, willful misconduct or reckless disregard of its duties with respect to GFS’s performance under or in connection with this Agreement, GFS shall be without liability for any action taken or omitted pursuant to this Agreement.

Under the Fund Services Agreement, the GFS provides facilitating administrative services, including: (i) providing services of persons competent to perform such administrative and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund; (ii) facilitating the performance of administrative and professional services to the Fund by others, including the Fund’s Custodian; (iii) preparing, but not paying for, the periodic updating of the Fund’s Registration Statement, Prospectuses and Statement of Additional Information in conjunction with Fund counsel, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, and preparing reports to the Fund’s shareholders and the SEC; (iv) preparing in conjunction with Fund counsel, but not paying for, all filings under the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Distributor, which

 

20


may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Fund and/or its shares under such laws; (v) preparing notices and agendas for meetings of the Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by the 1940 Act to be acted upon by the Board; and (vi) monitoring daily and periodic compliance with respect to all requirements and restrictions of the 1940 Act, the IRC and the Prospectus.

For the services rendered to the Fund by GFS, the Fund pays GFS an asset based fee for fund administration services. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.

FUND ACCOUNTING

 

GFS pursuant to the Fund Services Agreement, provides the Fund with accounting services, including: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Fund’s listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Fund; (vi) maintaining certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciling account information and balances among the Fund’s custodian or Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluating daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Fund.

For the services rendered to the Fund by the Fund Services Agreement, the Fund pays GFS, an asset based fee for fund accounting services. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.

TRANSFER AGENT

 

GFS, 17605 Wright Street, Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68130, acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund pursuant to a written agreement with the Fund. Under the agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.

THE CUSTODIAN

 

U.S. Bank, 950 17th Street, 5th Floor, Denver, CO 80202, acts as custodian (the “Custodian”) of the Fund. The Custodian holds cash, securities and other assets of the Fund as required by the 1940 Act.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

McGladrey LLP, located at 555 Seventeenth Street, Suite 1000, Denver, CO 80202-3910 serves as independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. McGladrey LLP performs annual audits of the Fund’s financial statements and provides other audit, tax and related services for the Fund.

LEGAL COUNSEL

 

Pepper Hamilton LLP, 3000 Two Logan Square 18th & Arch Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19103-2799 serves as the Trust’s legal counsel.

 

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COMPLIANCE SERVICES

 

Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (“NLCS”), an affiliate of GFS and the Distributor, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust. The Fund pays a compliance service fee to NLCS.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

 

The following tables present certain information regarding the Board of Trustees and officers of the Trust. Each person listed under “Interested Trustees” below is an “interested person” of the Trust, the Adviser, the sub-advisers, or the Distributor, within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Each person who is not an “interested person” of the Trust, the Adviser, the sub-advisers, or the Distributor within the meaning of the 1940 Act is referred to as an “Independent Trustee” and is listed under such heading below. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is P.O. Box 541150, Omaha, Nebraska 68154-1150.

 

Name, Address and Age

  

Position(s)
Held/Term
of Office*

  

Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years

  

Number of
Portfolios in Fund
Complex**
Overseen by
Trustee

  

Other
Directorships*** held
by Trustee During
Last 5 Years

      Independent Trustees      

DAVID P. DEMUTH

Date of Birth: 9/1945

  

Trustee

Since December 2010

   Consultant, CFO Consulting Partners, LLC from May 2004 to present.    12    None

KEVIN R. GREEN

Date of Birth: 7/1954

  

Trustee

Since December 2010

   Founding Managing Director, TripleTree, LLC (investment banking consulting firm) from 1997 to present.    12   

Director of BlueCross BlueShield of Minnesota (healthcare services).

JAY MOORIN

Date of Birth: 7/1951

  

Trustee

Since December 2010

   Managing Partner, ProQuest Management, LLC from September 1998 to present.    12    Director of Novacea Inc. (pharmaceutical company; now Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) from May 2006 to October 2008.
      Interested Trustee      

ROBERT J. ENCK

Date of Birth: 9/1962

  

Chairman, Trustee, President and Principal Executive Officer

Since December 2010

   President and Chief Executive Officer, Equinox Fund Management, LLC from March 2007 to present; and Sr. Managing Director, The Hermes Group, LLC from July 2004 to March 2007.    12    Executive Committee Member of The Frontier Fund (commodity pool).

 

22


Name, Address and Age

  

Position(s)
Held/Term
of Office*

  

Principal Occupation
During the Past Five Years

  

Number of
Portfolios in Fund
Complex**
Overseen by
Trustee

  

Other
Directorships*** held
by Trustee During
Last 5 Years

      Executive Officers      

VANCE J. SANDERS

Date of Birth: 3/1967

  

Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer

Since December 2010

   Controller and Chief Technology Officer, Equinox Fund Management (since 2008); Consultant, Ajilon Consulting (2007); Senior Manager/Consultant, K-Financial (2005 – 2007).    n/a    n/a

PHILIP LIU

Date of Birth: 3/1973

  

Secretary

Since December 2010

   General Counsel, Equinox Fund Management, LLC (since 2009); Sr. Vice President, HSBC Bank USA, N.A. from (2007 – 2009); Attorney-at-Law, Cadwalader LLP from (2006 – 2007); Attorney-at-Law, Shearman & Sterling LLP (2001 –2006).    n/a    n/a

KEVIN E. WOLF

Date of Birth: 11/1969

  

Assistant Treasurer

Since December 2010

   Director of Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2006); Vice President, Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2004 –2006); Vice-President, GemCom, LLC (since 2004).    n/a    n/a

JAMES P. ASH

Date of Birth: 9/1976

  

Assistant Secretary

Since December 2010

   Director of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2009); Assistant Vice President of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 – 2008).    n/a    n/a

EMILE R. MOLINEAUX

Date of Birth: 9/1962

  

Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer

Since December 2010

   General Counsel, CCO and Senior Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Secretary and CCO, Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC; (since 2003).    n/a    n/a

 

* Each Trustee and Officer shall serve until death, resignation or removal.

 

** The term “Fund Complex” refers to the Equinox Funds Trust.

 

*** Directorships are held in a company with a class of securities registered pursuant to section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act or subject to the requirements of section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act or a company registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act.

 

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As of the date of this SAI, none of the Independent Trustees or any of their immediate family members (i.e., spouse or dependent children) serves as an officer or trustee or is an employee of the Trust, the Adviser or the Distributor, or of any of their respective affiliates. Nor do any of such persons serve as an officer or director or is an employee of any company controlled by or under common control with such entities.

Leadership Structure and Responsibilities of the Board and Its Committees.

Under Delaware law, the Trust’s Board of Trustees is responsible for establishing the Fund’s policies and for overseeing the management of the Fund. The Board also elects the Trust’s officers who conduct the daily business of the Fund.

Currently the Board is comprised of four individuals, one of whom is considered an “interested person” of the Trust as defined by the 1940 Act. The remaining Trustees are Independent Trustees.

The Board has adopted a Statement of Policy on the Qualifications for Selection as Chairman of the Board that sets forth the following required skills of a Chairman in addition to the basic qualifications for all members of the Board: (i) the ability to exercise leadership among the Trustees; (ii) the ability to chair Board meetings in an evenhanded and open manner; (iii) the ability to communicate effectively with the Fund’s shareholders, service providers, regulatory agencies, the press and other relevant parties; (iv) the ability to represent the Fund’s interests effectively in all dealings with the Fund’s adviser and other service providers; and (v) the ability to evaluate and prioritize issues for consideration by the Board. Independent Trustees exercise their informed business judgment to appoint an individual of their choosing to serve as Chairman, regardless of whether the Trustee happens to be independent or a member of management.

Mr. Enck, an “interested person” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) currently serves as the Chairman of the Board. The Trustees have determined that Mr. Enck satisfies the principles set forth in the statement of policy and that Mr. Enck’s service as Chairman is appropriate and benefits shareholders due to his personal and professional stake in the quality of services provided to the Fund. The Independent Trustees have determined that they can act independently and effectively without having an Independent Trustee serve as Chairman. Nonetheless, as currently composed, the Independent Trustees constitute a substantial majority of the Board.

Each Trustee was appointed to serve on the Board because of his experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills as set forth in the subsection “Trustee Qualifications,” below. Based on a review of the Board and its function, the Trustees have determined that the leadership structure of the Board is appropriate and that the Board’s role in the risk oversight of the Trust, a discussed below, allows the Board to effectively administer its oversight function. Currently, the Board has an Audit Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee. The responsibilities of each committee and its members are described below.

The Audit Committee is comprised of Messrs. DeMuth, Green and Moorin, each an Independent Trustee. Mr. DeMuth serves as the chairman of the Committee. Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee has the responsibility, among other things, to: (1) approve in advance the appointment, compensation and oversight of the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm; (2) review and approve the scope of the independent registered public accounting firm’s audit activity; (3) review the financial statements which are the subject of the independent registered public accounting firm’s certifications; and (4) review with such independent registered public accounting firm the adequacy of the Trust’s basic accounting system and the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal accounting controls. During the Trust’s fiscal year ended September 30, 2012, the Audit Committee met twice.

The Nominating and Governance Committee is comprised of Messrs. DeMuth, Green and Moorin, each an Independent Trustee. Pursuant to its charter, the Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for assessing the size, structure and composition of the Board; determining trustee qualification guidelines as well as compensation, insurance and indemnification of trustees; and identifying qualified candidates to serve as Trustee candidates. Since the formation of the Trust and as of the Trust’s fiscal year ended September 30, 2012, there have been no meetings of the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominee candidates recommended by shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend individuals for consideration by the Committee as nominee candidates may do so by submitting a written recommendation to the Secretary of the Trust at: Equinox Funds Trust, P.O. Box 541150, Omaha, Nebraska 68154-1150. Submissions must include sufficient biographical information concerning the recommended individual, including age, at least twenty years of employment history with employer names and a description of the employer’s business, and a list of board memberships (if any). The submission must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected. Recommendations must be received in a sufficient period of time, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, prior to the date proposed for the consideration of nominee candidates by the Board.

 

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Upon the written request of shareholders holding at least 10% of the Trust’s shares in the aggregate, the Secretary shall present to any special meeting of shareholders such nominees for election as Trustees as specified in such written request.

The Trust does not have a lead Independent Trustee. As noted above, the Board’s leadership structure features all of the Independent Trustees serving as members of each Board Committee. Inclusion of all Independent Trustees in the Committees allows them to participate in the full range of the Board’s oversight duties, including oversight of the risk management process. In addition, although the Independent Trustees recognize that having a lead Independent Trustee may in some circumstances help coordinate communications with management and otherwise assist a board in the exercise of its oversight duties, the Independent Trustees believe that because of the relatively small size of the Board, the ratio of Independent Trustees to Interested Trustees and the good working relationship among the Board members, it has not been necessary to designate a lead Independent Trustee.

Trustee Qualifications

The following is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills that led to the Board of Trustees’ conclusion that each individual identified below is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Trust. In determining that a particular Trustee was qualified to serve as a Trustee, the Board has considered a variety of criteria, none of which was controlling. The Board believes that the Trustees’ ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Adviser, sub-advisers, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, support the conclusion that each Trustee is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Trust. In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Trustee:

Mr. David P. DeMuth, CPA/MBA, is a Co-Founder of CFO Consulting Partners LLC, a consulting firm that provides interim CFO services to public and private companies. Mr. DeMuth has held senior financial positions with companies in a wide range of industries, including real estate development, financial services, specialty chemicals, global manufacturing/distribution, graphic arts and consumer products. Mr. DeMuth also has held positions with KPMG, LLP and other auditing firms.

Mr. Kevin R. Green, MBA, is the Founding Managing Director of TripleTree, LLC, an investment bank providing merger and acquisition, principal investing and strategic advisory services. Prior to co-founding TripleTree, Mr. Green held several senior executive roles at private and public companies within the healthcare and technology industries.

Mr. Jay Moorin is a founding General Partner at ProQuest Management, LLC. He is a healthcare executive with senior management experience in biotech, investment banking and pharmaceutical industry. Prior to founding ProQuest, Mr. Moorin served as CEO of Magainin Pharmaceuticals. Previously, he was Managing Director of Health Care Banking at Bear, Stearns & Co. Mr. Moorin has also held various positions in strategy and general management at E.R. Squibb & Sons Pharmaceuticals. He has served on the Board of Directors of ACMI, Aires Pharmaceuticals, Epic Therapeutics, Gloucester Pharmaceuticals, Guava Technologies, Mersana Therapeutics, MethylGene, Novacea (now Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and Pharmion. Currently, Mr. Moorin serves on the Board of Directors of Acurian, Eagle Pharmaceutical and Predictive Biosciences. He is also an observer on the Board for Clovis Oncology. Mr. Moorin holds the position of Adjunct Senior Fellow of the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics at the University of Pennsylvania. He received a B.A. in economics with distinction from the University of Michigan.

Mr. Robert J. Enck, MBA, is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser. Before joining the Adviser, Mr. Enck held senior management positions at companies within the merchant banking and pharmaceutical services industries.

In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Trust. The summaries set forth above as to the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of the Trustees do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be the case.

Risk Oversight

Through its direct oversight role, and indirectly through its Committees, of officers and service providers, the Board performs a risk oversight function for the Fund consisting, among other things, of the following activities: (1) at regular and special Board meetings, and on an ad hoc basis as needed, receiving and reviewing reports related to the performance and operations of the Fund; (2) reviewing and approving, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust; (3) meeting with the portfolio management team to review investment strategies, techniques

 

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and the processes used to manage related risks; (4) meeting the representatives of key service providers, including the investment adviser, administrator, the distributor, the transfer agent, the custodian and the independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund, to review and discuss the activities of the Fund and to provide direction with respect thereto; and (5) engaging the services of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund to test the compliance procedures of the Trust and its service providers.

Compensation

Each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust, Adviser or sub-advisers will receive an annual retainer of $20,000 (payable quarterly), as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending the meetings. The “interested persons” who serve as Trustees of the Trust receive no compensation for their services as Trustees. None of the executive officers receive compensation from the Trust. The table below details the amount of compensation received by Trustees from the Trust for the Trust’s fiscal year ended September 30, 2012. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.

 

Name of Trustee

   Estimated
Aggregate
Compensation
From Trust
     Estimated Pension or
Retirement Benefits
Accrued as Part of
Fund  Expenses
     Estimated
Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement
     Estimated Total
Compensation From
Fund Complex**
Paid to Trustees
 

David P. DeMuth

   $ 20,000         None         None       $ 20,000   

Robert J. Enck*

     None         None         None         None   

Kevin R. Green

   $ 20,000         None         None       $ 20,000   

Jay Moorin

   $ 20,000         None         None       $ 20,000   

 

* Interested Trustee by virtue of his position with the Trust’s investment adviser.

 

** The term “Fund Complex” refers to the Equinox Funds Trust.

Trustee Ownership

The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Fund as of December 31, 2012.

 

Name of Trustee

  

Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Fund

  

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in
All Registered Investment Companies
Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment
Companies

David P. DeMuth

   None    None

Robert J. Enck*

   None    None

Kevin R. Green

   None    None

Jay Moorin

   None    None

 

 

* Interested Trustee by virtue of his position with the Trust’s investment adviser.

Management Ownership

As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees or officers of the Trust as a group owned less than 1% of any class of outstanding shares of the Fund.

Control Persons and Principal Holders

A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund could be deemed under control of the Adviser, which had voting authority with respect to approximately 100% of the value of the outstanding interests in the Fund on such date. However, it is expected that once the Fund commences investment operations and its shares are sold to the public that the Adviser’s control will be diluted over time.

As of the date of this SAI, other than the Adviser and its affiliates, no shareholders of record owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of the Fund.

 

 

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PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES

 

Calculation of Share Price .    The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “How Shares are Priced.” The NAV of the Fund serves as the basis for the purchase and redemption price of the Fund’s shares. The NAV of the Fund is calculated by dividing the market value of the Fund’s securities plus the value of the Fund’s other assets, less all liabilities, by the number of outstanding shares of the Fund. If market quotations are not readily available for any security in the Fund’s portfolio, the security will be valued at fair value by the Adviser using methods established or ratified by the Board.

Options on securities and indices purchased by the Fund generally are valued at their last bid price in the case of exchange-traded options or, in the case of options traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market, the average of the last bid price as obtained from two or more dealers unless there is only one dealer, in which case that dealer’s price is used. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are valued at the last trade price prior to the end of the Fund’s pricing cycle.

The Fund will regularly value its investments in structured notes at fair value and other investments at market prices.

OTC securities, if any, held by the Fund shall be valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”) on the valuation date or, if no NOCP is reported, the last reported bid price is used, and quotations shall be taken from the market/exchange where the security is primarily traded. Securities listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and Nasdaq Global Market shall be valued at the NOCP; which may differ from the last sales price reported. The portfolio securities of the Fund that are listed on national exchanges, if any, are taken at the last sales price of such securities on such exchange; if no sales price is reported, the last reported bid price is used. For valuation purposes, all assets and liabilities initially expressed in foreign currency values will be converted into U.S. Dollar values at the rate at which local currencies can be sold to buy U.S. Dollars as last quoted by any recognized dealer. If these quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by the Adviser based on guidelines adopted by the Board. Dividend income and other distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date, except for certain dividends from foreign securities which are recorded as soon as the Trust is informed after the ex-dividend date.

The value of domestic equity index and credit default swap agreements entered into by the Fund are accounted for using the unrealized gain or loss on the agreements that is determined by marking the agreements to the last quoted value of the index that the swap pertains to at the close of the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The swap’s market value is then adjusted to include dividends accrued, financing charges and/or interest associated with the swap agreement. The value of foreign equity index and currency index swap agreements entered into by the Fund are accounted for using the unrealized gain or loss on the agreements that is determined by marking the agreements to the price at which orders are being filled at the close of the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. In the event that no order is filled at 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, the Fund values a swap based on a quote provided by a dealer in accordance with the Fund’s pricing procedures. The swap’s market value is then adjusted to include dividends accrued, financing charges and/or interest associated with the swap agreements.

Illiquid securities, securities for which reliable quotations or pricing services are not readily available, and all other assets will be valued either at the average of the last bid price of the securities obtained from two or more dealers or otherwise at their respective fair value as determined in good faith by, or under procedures established by the Board. The Board has adopted fair valuation procedures for the Fund and has delegated responsibility for fair value determinations to the Fair Valuation Committee. The members of the Fair Valuation Committee report, as necessary, to the Board regarding portfolio valuation determination. The Board, from time to time, will review these methods of valuation and will recommend changes which may be necessary to assure that the investments of the Fund are valued at a fair value.

The Trust expects that the holidays upon which the New York Stock Exchange will be closed are as follows: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

Purchase of Shares .    Orders for shares received by the Fund in good order prior to the close of business on the NYSE on each day during such periods that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at NAV per share or offering price (NAV plus a sales charge, if applicable) computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the close of the NYSE, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next determined NAV or offering price per share.

Redemption of Shares .    The Fund will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder’s shares in the Fund when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the “Redemptions” section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholder’s right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:

 

(a) when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;

 

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(b) when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;

 

(c) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the SEC (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or

 

(d) when the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.

In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the NAV next determined after the termination of the suspension.

Supporting documents in addition to those listed under “Redemptions” in the Prospectus will be required from executors, administrators, Trustees, or if redemption is requested by someone other than the shareholder of record. Such documents include, but are not restricted to, stock powers, Trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as executor, certificates of corporate authority and waiver of tax required in some states when settling estates.

The Trust reserves the right to honor requests for redemption or repurchase orders by making payment in whole or in part in readily marketable securities (“redemption in kind”) if the amount is greater than (the lesser of) $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s assets. The securities will be chosen by the Fund and valued under the Fund’s net asset value procedures. A shareholder will be exposed to market risk until these securities are converted to cash and may incur transaction expenses in converting these securities to cash.

Use of Third-Party Independent Pricing Agents.     Pursuant to contracts with the Administrator, market prices for most securities held by the Fund are provided daily by third-party independent pricing agents that are approved by the Board. The valuations provided by third-party independent pricing agents are reviewed daily by the Administrator.

TAXES

 

The following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. This discussion is for general information only and does not purport to consider all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that might be relevant to beneficial owners of shares of the Fund. Therefore, the summary discussion that follows may not be considered to be individual tax advice and may not be relied upon by any shareholder. The summary is based upon current provisions of the IRC, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Regulations”), and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, which change could be retroactive, and may affect the conclusions expressed herein. The summary applies only to beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares in whose hands such shares are capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the IRC, and may not apply to certain types of beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares, including, but not limited to insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding the Fund’s shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as an individual retirement account (an “IRA”), a 401(k) plan account, or other qualified retirement account), financial institutions, pass-through entities, broker-dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither a citizen nor resident of the United States, shareholders holding the Fund’s shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction, and shareholders who are subject to the alternative minimum tax. Persons who may be subject to tax in more than one country should consult the provisions of any applicable tax treaty to determine the potential tax consequences to them.

The Fund has not requested nor will the Fund request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion applicable to shareholders of the Fund addresses only some of the federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in the Fund. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax adviser with respect to the tax consequences of the ownership, purchase and disposition of an investment in the Fund including, but not limited to, the applicability of state, local, foreign and other tax laws affecting the particular shareholder and to possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.

GENERAL.      For federal tax purposes, the Fund is treated as a separate corporation. The Fund has elected, and intends to continue to qualify for, taxation as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the IRC. By qualifying as a RIC, the Fund (but not the shareholders) will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its investment company taxable income and net realized capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders.

 

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Shareholders should be aware that investments made by the Fund, some of which are described below, may involve complex tax rules some of which may result in income or gain recognition by a shareholder without the concurrent receipt of cash. Although the Fund seeks to avoid significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by the Fund, in which case it may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described below. Cash to make the required minimum distributions may be obtained from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund (even if such sales are not advantageous) or, if permitted by its governing documents and other regulatory restrictions, through borrowing the amounts required to be distributed.

QUALIFICATION AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY.     Qualification as a RIC under the IRC requires, among other things, that the Fund: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies (the “Qualifying Income Requirement”), and net income from certain qualified publicly traded partnerships; (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the value of its assets is comprised of cash, cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of its total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or the securities (other than the securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers controlled by it and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (together with (i) the “Diversification Requirement”); and (c) distribute for each taxable year the sum of (i) at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, taxable interest, taxable original issue discount income, market discount income, income from securities lending, net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, certain net realized foreign currency exchange gains, and any other taxable income other than “net capital gain” as defined below and is reduced by deductible expenses all determined without regard to any deduction for dividend paid); and (ii) 90% of its tax-exempt interest, if any, net of certain expenses allocable thereto (“net tax-exempt interest”).

The Treasury Department is authorized to promulgate regulations under which gains from foreign currencies (and options, futures, and forward contracts on foreign currency) would constitute qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Requirement only if such gains are directly related to the principal business of the Fund in investing in stock or securities or options and futures with respect to stock or securities. To date, such regulations have not been issued.

As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders in any taxable year for which it distributes, in compliance with the IRC’s timing and other requirements at least 90% of its investment company taxable income and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest). The Fund may retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain (i.e., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss). If the Fund retains any investment company taxable income or net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who will be (i) required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount; and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of tax paid by the Fund against their federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of the shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in the shareholder’s gross income and decreased by the federal income tax paid by the Fund on that amount of capital gain.

In general, for purposes of the Qualifying Income Requirement described above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, all of the net income of a RIC derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) of the Qualifying Income Requirement described above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes if they meet the passive income requirement under Section 7704(c)(2) of the IRC. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the IRC do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. For purposes of the Diversification Requirement described above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

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The qualifying income and asset requirements that must be met under the IRC in order for the Fund to qualify as a RIC, as described above, may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in derivative transactions. Rules governing the federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are not entirely clear in certain respects, particularly in light of two IRS revenue rulings issued in 2006. Revenue Ruling 2006-1 held that income from a derivative contract with respect to a commodity index is not qualifying income for a RIC. Accordingly, the Fund’s ability to invest in certain commodity related derivatives is limited to a maximum of 10% of its gross income. This limitation, however, will not protect the Fund against the risk of losing its RIC status should any other income be reclassified as non-qualifying income. In Revenue Ruling 2006-31, the IRS stated that the holding in Revenue Ruling 2006-1 “was not intended to preclude a conclusion that the income from certain instruments (such as certain structured notes) that create a commodity exposure for the holder is qualifying income.”

If the Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures to satisfy the Diversification Requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met, the Fund will be subject to tax in the same manner as an ordinary corporation subject to tax on a graduated basis with a maximum tax rate of 35% and all distributions from earnings and profits (as determined under the U.S. federal income tax principles) to its shareholders will be taxable as ordinary dividend income eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the 15% non-corporate long-term capital gain shareholder rate (for taxable years beginning prior to January 1, 2013. After January 1, 2013, the long-term capital gain rate is 20% for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income in excess of $400,000 ($450,000 if married and filing jointly) and 15% (0% for non-corporate shareholders in lower income tax brackets) for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income of less than the threshold amounts.

EXCISE TAX.     If the Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of (1) at least 98% of its taxable ordinary income (excluding capital gains and losses) for such year, (2) at least 98.2% of the excess of its capital gains over its capital losses (as adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the twelve month period ending on October 31 of such year, and (3) all taxable ordinary income and the excess of capital gains over capital losses for the prior year that were not distributed during such year and on which it did not pay federal income tax, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax (the “Excise Tax”) on the undistributed amounts. A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of the calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November, or December of that year to shareholders of record on a date in such month and paid by it during January of the following year. Such distributions will be taxable to shareholders (other than those not subject to federal income tax) in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received. The Fund generally intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its net income and gain, if any, by the end of each calendar year in compliance with these requirements so that it will generally not be required to pay the Excise Tax. The Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate its investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid the Excise Tax liability at a time when its Adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so. Liquidation of investments in such circumstances may affect the ability of the Fund to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a RIC. However, no assurances can be given that the Fund will not be subject to the Excise Tax and, in fact, in certain instances if warranted, the Fund may choose to pay the Excise Tax as opposed to making an additional distribution.

CAPITAL LOSS CARRYFORWARDS.     The Fund may carry forward capital losses indefinitely. The excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gain is treated as short-term capital losses arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year and the excess of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gain is treated as long-term capital losses arising on the first day of the Fund’s net taxable year. Capital gains arising in subsequent years are offset by carried forward capital losses and are not subject to Fund-level federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT AND MARKET DISCOUNT.      The Fund may acquire debt securities that are treated as having original issue discount (“OID”) (generally a debt obligation with a purchase price less than its principal amount). Generally, the Fund will be required to include the OID in income over the term of the debt security, even though it will not receive cash payments for such OID until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having OID which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income. Inflation-protected bonds generally can be expected to produce OID income as their principal amounts are adjusted upward for inflation. A portion of the OID includible in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate debt securities may be treated as a dividend for federal income tax purposes if the securities are characterized as equity for federal income tax purposes.

 

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A debt security acquired in the secondary market by the Fund may be treated as having market discount if acquired at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Market discount generally is accrued ratably, on a daily basis, over the period from the date of acquisition to the date of maturity even though no cash will be received. Absent an election by the Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on its disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.

In addition, pay-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding such securities receives no interest payments in cash on such securities during the year.

The Fund generally will be required to make distributions to shareholders representing the income accruing on the debt securities, described above, that is currently includable in income, even though cash representing such income may not have been received by the Fund. Cash to pay these distributions may be obtained from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund (even if such sales are not advantageous) or, if permitted by the Fund’s governing documents, through borrowing the amounts required to be distributed. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would have in the absence of such transactions. Borrowing to fund any distribution also has tax implications, such as potentially creating unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”).

OPTIONS, FUTURES AND FORWARD CONTRACTS.     The writing (selling) and purchasing of options and futures contracts and entering into forward currency contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of the gains and losses the Fund realizes in connection with such transactions.

Gains and losses on the sale, lapse, or other termination of options and futures contracts, options thereon and certain forward contracts (except certain foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts) will generally be treated as capital gains and losses. Some regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency contracts, and certain non-equity options (such as certain listed options or options on broad based securities indexes) held by the Fund (“Section 1256 contracts”), other than contracts on which it has made a “mixed-straddle election”, will be required to be “marked-to-market” for federal income tax purposes, that is, treated as having been sold at their market value on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. These provisions may require the Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Any gain or loss recognized on actual or deemed sales of Section 1256 contracts will be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss as described below. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule, but may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, foreign currency contracts and certain options to the extent of any unrecognized gains on related positions held by it.

The tax provisions described above applicable to options, futures and forward contracts may affect the amount, timing, and character of the Fund’s distributions to its shareholders. For example, the Section 1256 rules described above may operate to increase the amount the Fund must distribute to satisfy the minimum distribution requirement for the portion treated as short-term capital gain which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income, and to increase the net capital gain it recognizes, without, in either case, increasing the cash available to the Fund. The Fund may elect to exclude certain transactions from the operation of Section 1256, although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of net short-term capital gain (taxable as ordinary income) and thus increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax.

When a covered call option written (sold) by the Fund expires the Fund will realize a short-term capital gain equal to the amount of the premium it received for writing the option. When the Fund terminates its obligations under such an option by entering into a closing transaction, it will realize a short-term capital gain (or loss), depending on whether the cost of the closing transaction is less than (or exceeds) the premium received when it wrote the option. When a covered call option written by the Fund is exercised, the Fund will be treated as having sold the underlying security, producing long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending upon the holding period of the underlying security and whether the sum of the option price received upon the exercise plus the premium received when it wrote the option is more or less than the basis of the underlying security.

STRADDLES.     Section 1092 deals with the taxation of straddles which also may affect the taxation of options in which the Fund may invest. Offsetting positions held by the Fund involving certain derivative instruments, such as options, futures and forward currency contracts, may be considered, for federal income tax purposes, to constitute “straddles.” Straddles are defined to include offsetting positions in actively traded personal property. In certain circumstances, the rules governing straddles override or modify the provisions of Section 1256, described above. If

 

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the Fund is treated as entering into a straddle and at least one (but not all) of its positions in derivative contracts comprising a part of such straddle is governed by Section 1256, then such straddle could be characterized as a “mixed straddle.” The Fund may make one or more elections with respect to mixed straddles. Depending on which election is made, if any, the results with respect to the Fund may differ. Generally, to the extent the straddle rules apply to positions established by the Fund, losses realized by it may be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in any offsetting positions. Moreover, as a result of the straddle rules, short-term capital loss on straddle positions may be characterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gain may be characterized as short-term capital gain. In addition, the existence of a straddle may affect the holding period of the offsetting positions and cause such sales to be subject to the “wash sale” and “short sale” rules. As a result, the straddle rules could cause distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” to fail to satisfy the applicable holding period requirements, described below, and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income. Further, the Fund may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense and carrying charges applicable to a position that is part of a straddle. Because the application of the straddle rules may affect the character and timing of gains and losses from affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to the situation where the Fund had not engaged in such transactions.

In circumstances where the Fund has invested in certain pass-through entities, the amount of long-term capital gain that it may recognize from certain derivative transactions with respect to interests in such pass-through entities is limited under the IRC’s constructive ownership rules. The amount of long-term capital gain is limited to the amount of such gain the Fund would have had if it directly invested in the pass-through entity during the term of the derivative contract. Any gain in excess of this amount is treated as ordinary income. An interest charge is imposed on the amount of gain that is treated as ordinary income.

CONSTRUCTIVE SALES.     Certain rules may affect the timing and character of gain if the Fund engages in transactions that reduce or eliminate its risk of loss with respect to appreciated financial positions. If the Fund enters into certain transactions (including a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, a futures or forward contract, or other transactions identified in Treasury regulations) in property while holding an appreciated financial position in substantially identical property, it will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the appreciated financial position and will be taxed on any gain (but not loss) from the constructive sale. The character of gain from a constructive sale will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Loss from a constructive sale would be recognized when the position was subsequently disposed of, and its character would depend on the Fund’s holding period and the application of various loss deferral provisions of the IRC.

In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property by the Fund will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to the Fund’s transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding the position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).

WASH SALES.     The Fund may in certain circumstances be impacted by special rules relating to “wash sales.” In general, the wash sale rules prevent the recognition of a loss by the Fund from the disposition of stock or securities at a loss in a case in which identical or substantially identical stock or securities (or an option to acquire such property) is or has been acquired by it within 30 days before or 30 days after the sale.

SHORT SALES.     The Fund may make short sales of securities. Short sales may increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Fund, which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to its shareholders. Short sales also may be subject to the “Constructive Sales” rules, discussed above.

SWAPS AND DERIVATIVES.     As a result of entering into swap or derivative agreements, the Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. The Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap or derivative is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap, derivative or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap or derivative will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to a swap or derivative for more than one year). The Fund’s transactions in swaps or other derivatives may be subject to one or more of the special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sales, wash sales, and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause

 

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adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.

With respect to certain types of swap agreements or derivative securities, the Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or derivatives or may elect under certain circumstances to mark to market such swaps or derivatives annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.

The applicability of these rules to swap agreements or other derivative securities is not entirely clear in certain respects under current law. In addition, whether income generated from swaps and other derivatives is Qualifying Income is not certain or clear. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems appropriate, the IRS might not accept such treatment. If the IRS did not accept such treatment, the status of the Fund as a RIC might be adversely affected. The Fund intends to monitor developments in this area. Certain requirements that must be met under the IRC in order for the Fund to qualify as a RIC may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in swap agreements and certain other derivatives securities.

PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT COMPANIES.     The Fund may invest in a non-U.S. corporation, which could be treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) or become a PFIC under the IRC. A PFIC is generally defined as a foreign corporation that meets either of the following tests: (1) at least 75% of its gross income for its taxable year is income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains); or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, such passive income. If the Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received with respect to such PFIC stock or on any gain from the sale of such PFIC stock (collectively “PFIC income”), plus interest thereon even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a taxable dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. The Fund’s distributions of PFIC income will be taxable as ordinary income even though, absent the application of the PFIC rules, some portion of the distributions may have been classified as capital gain.

The Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Payment of this tax would therefore reduce the Fund’s economic return from its investment in PFIC shares. To the extent the Fund invests in a PFIC, it may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then instead of the tax and interest obligation described above on excess distributions, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain. As a result of a QEF election, the Fund would likely have to distribute to its shareholders an amount equal to the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain to satisfy the IRC’s minimum distribution requirement described herein and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax even if the QEF did not distribute those earnings and gain to the Fund. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements in making the election.

The Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” its stock in any PFIC. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in ordinary income each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the PFIC stock over the Fund’s adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, the Fund also may deduct (as an ordinary, not capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in the PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock it included in income for prior taxable years under the election. The Fund’s adjusted basis in its PFIC stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder. In either case, the Fund may be required to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash.

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS.     Foreign currency gains and losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, and foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables are subject to Section 988 of the IRC, which causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. In some cases elections may be available that would alter this treatment, but such elections could be detrimental to the Fund by creating current recognition of income without the concurrent recognition of cash. If a foreign currency loss treated as an ordinary loss under Section 988 were to exceed the Fund’s investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year the resulting loss would not be deductible by it or its shareholders in future years. The foreign currency income or loss will also increase or decrease the Fund’s investment company income distributable to its shareholders.

FOREIGN TAXATION.     Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate

 

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such taxes. If more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the close of any taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations and it meets the distribution requirements described above, the Fund may file an election (the “pass-through election”) with the IRS pursuant to which shareholders of the Fund would be required to (i) include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) their pro rata shares of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund even though not actually received by such shareholders; and (ii) treat such respective pro rata portions as foreign income taxes paid by them. The Fund will furnish its shareholders with a written statement providing the amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund that will “pass-through” for the year, if any.

Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund’s income will flow through to shareholders. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Various limitations, including a minimum holding period requirement, apply to limit the credit and deduction for foreign taxes for purposes of regular federal tax and alternative minimum tax.

DISTRIBUTIONS.     Distributions paid out of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined at the end of the year), whether reinvested in additional shares or paid in cash, are generally taxable and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a federal income tax return. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as computed for federal income tax purposes, will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain.

For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions designated by the Fund as “capital gain dividends” (distributions from the excess of net long-term capital gain over short-term capital losses) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain regardless of the length of time they have held their shares of the Fund. Such dividends do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends received deduction described below.

Noncorporate shareholders of the Fund may be eligible for the 15% long-term capital gain rate applicable to distributions of “qualified dividend income” received by such noncorporate shareholders in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013. After January 1, 2013, the long-term capital gain rate is 20% for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income in excess of $400,000 ($450,000 if married and filing jointly) and 15% (0% for non-corporate shareholders in lower tax brackets)_for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income of less than the threshold amounts. The Fund’s distribution will be treated as qualified dividend income and therefore eligible for the long term capital gain rate to the extent it receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding periods and other requirements are met. A corporate shareholder of the Fund may be eligible for the dividends received deduction on the Fund’s distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends received deduction may be subject to certain reductions, and a distribution by the Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if certain holding period and other requirements are met.

Under current law, beginning in 2013, a new 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on net investment income including interest, dividends, and capital gains of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.

The Fund will furnish a statement to shareholders providing the federal income tax status of its dividends and distributions including the portion of such dividends, if any, that qualifies as long-term capital gain.

Different tax treatment, including penalties on certain excess contributions and deferrals, certain pre-retirement and post-retirement distributions, and certain prohibited transactions, is accorded to accounts maintained as qualified retirement plans. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors for more information.

PURCHASES OF FUND SHARES.     Prior to purchasing shares in the Fund, the impact of dividends or distributions which are expected to be or have been declared, but not paid, should be carefully considered. Any dividend or distribution declared shortly after a purchase of shares of the Fund prior to the record date will have the effect of reducing the per share net asset value by the per share amount of the dividend or distribution, and to the extent the distribution consists of the Fund’s taxable income, the purchasing shareholder will be taxed on the taxable portion of the dividend or distribution received even though some or all of the amount distributed is effectively a return of capital.

 

 

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SALES, EXCHANGES OR REDEMPTIONS.     Upon the disposition of shares of the Fund (whether by redemption, sale or exchange), a shareholder may realize a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term or short-term depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for the shares. The capital gain will be long-term if the shares were held for more than 12 months and short-term if held for 12 months or less.

If a shareholder sells or exchanges Fund shares within 90 days of having acquired such shares and if, before January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the sale or exchange, as a result of having initially acquired those shares, the shareholder subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of shares of the Fund or another Fund, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Fund’s shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Any loss realized on a disposition will be disallowed under the “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of by the shareholder are replaced by the shareholder within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on a disposition of shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of capital gain dividends received by the shareholder and disallowed to the extent of any distributions of exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder with respect to such shares. Capital losses are generally deductible only against capital gains except that individuals may deduct up to $3,000 of capital losses against ordinary income.

The 3.8% Medicare contribution tax (described above) will apply to gains from the sale or exchange of the Fund’s shares.

BACKUP WITHHOLDING.     The Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds paid or credited to a shareholder of the Fund if (i) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with the correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) certified under penalties of perjury, (ii) the shareholder fails to provide a certified statement that the shareholder is not subject to backup withholding, or (iii) the IRS or a broker has notified the Fund that the number furnished by the shareholder is incorrect or that the shareholder is subject to backup withholding as a result of failure to report interest or dividend income. If the backup withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions or proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES.     State and local laws often differ from federal income tax laws with respect to the treatment of specific items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit.

Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the state and local tax rules affecting investments in the Fund.

NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS.     Distributions made to non-U.S. shareholders attributable to net investment income generally are subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate (or such lower rate provided under an applicable income tax treaty). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a distribution described above is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by a non-U.S. shareholder within the United States (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States), federal income tax withholding and exemptions attributable to foreign persons will not apply and such distribution will be subject to the federal income tax, reporting and withholding requirements generally applicable to U.S. persons described above.

Under U.S. federal tax law, a non-U.S. shareholder is not, in general, subject to federal income tax or withholding tax on capital gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund, capital gains dividends, and, with respect to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2012, short-term capital gains dividends, provided that the Fund obtains a properly completed and signed certificate of foreign status, unless (i) such gains or distributions are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by the non-U.S. shareholder within the United States (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States of the non-U.S. shareholder); (ii) in the case of an individual non-U.S. shareholder, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met; or (iii) the shares of the Fund constitute U.S. real property interests (USRPIs).

Distributions from the Fund when at least 50% of its assets are USRPIs, as defined in the IRC and Treasury regulations, to the extent the distributions are attributable to gains from sales or exchanges of USRPIs (including gains on the sale or exchange of shares in certain “U.S. real property holding corporations,” which may include certain REITS, among other entities, and certain REIT capital gain dividends) generally will cause a non-U.S. shareholder to treat such

 

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gain as income effectively connected to a trade or business within the United States subject to tax at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. shareholders. Such distributions may be subject to U.S. withholding tax and may require the non-U.S. shareholders to file a federal income tax return.

Subject to the additional rules described herein, federal income tax withholding will apply to distributions attributable to dividends and other investment income distributed by the Fund. The federal income tax withholding rate may be reduced (and, in some cases, eliminated) under an applicable tax treaty between the United States and the non-U.S. shareholder’s country of residence or incorporation. In order to qualify for treaty benefits, a non-U.S. shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign status (generally by providing the Fund with a properly completed Form W-8BEN). All non-U.S. shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

Recently enacted rules require the reporting to the IRS of direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts and foreign entities by U.S. persons. The IRS has issued final guidance with respect to these new rules. However, since they have been recently promulgated, all aspects of their application and scope are not yet clear as to their implementation. Pursuant to that guidance, a 30% withholding tax will be imposed on dividends paid after December 31, 2013 and redemption proceeds paid after December 31, 2014, to (i) foreign financial institutions including non-U.S. investment funds unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, a foreign financial institution will need to enter into agreements with the IRS regarding providing the IRS information including the name, address and taxpayer identification number of direct and indirect U.S. account holders, to comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts, to report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, to agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information, and to determine certain other information as to their account holders. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and TIN of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership unless certain exceptions apply. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax adviser regarding the application of this new reporting and withholding regime to their own tax situation.

FOREIGN BANK AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS AND FOREIGN FINANCIAL ASSETS REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.     A shareholder that owns directly or indirectly more than 50% by vote or value of the Fund, is urged and advised to consult its own tax adviser regarding its filing obligations with respect to IRS Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts.

Also, under recently enacted rules, subject to exceptions, individuals (and, to the extent provided in forthcoming future U.S. Treasury regulations, certain domestic entities) must report annually their interests in “specified foreign financial assets” on their U.S. federal income tax returns. It is currently unclear whether and under what circumstances shareholders would be required to report their indirect interests in the Fund’s “specified foreign financial assets” (if any) under these new rules.

Shareholders may be subject to substantial penalties for failure to comply with these reporting requirements. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisers to determine whether these reporting requirements are applicable to them.

TAX-EXEMPT SHAREHOLDERS.     A tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund as a result of the Fund’s investments and if shares in the Fund constitute debt financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b).

Any investment in a residual interest of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.

All tax-exempt shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers as to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

TAX SHELTER REPORTING REGULATIONS.     Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax adviser with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund including, but not limited to, the applicability of state, local, foreign and other tax laws affecting the particular shareholder and to possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.

 

36


BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER FUND BROKERAGE PRACTICES

 

Brokerage Transactions.     Generally, equity securities are bought and sold through brokerage transactions for which commissions are payable. Purchases from underwriters will include the underwriting commission or concession, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include a dealer’s mark-up or reflect a dealer’s mark-down. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer’s mark up or reflect a dealer’s mark down. When the Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market, it will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable.

In addition, the Adviser may place a combined order for two or more accounts it manages, including the Fund, engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security if, in its judgment, joint execution is in the best interest of each participant and will result in best price and execution. Transactions involving commingled orders are allocated in a manner deemed equitable to each account or the Fund. Although it is recognized that, in some cases, the joint execution of orders could adversely affect the price or volume of the security that a particular account or the Fund may obtain, it is the opinion of the Adviser that the advantages of combined orders outweigh the possible disadvantages of separate transactions. Nonetheless, the Adviser believes that the ability of the Fund to participate in higher volume transactions will generally be beneficial to the Fund.

Brokerage Selection.     The Trust does not expect to use one particular broker or dealer, and when one or more brokers is believed capable of providing the best combination of price and execution, the Fund’s Adviser may select a broker based upon brokerage or research services provided to the Adviser. The Adviser may pay a higher commission than otherwise obtainable from other brokers in return for such services only if a good faith determination is made that the commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.

Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) permits the Adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause the Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. In addition to agency transactions, the Adviser may receive brokerage and research services in connection with certain riskless principal transactions, in accordance with applicable SEC guidance. Brokerage and research services include: (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, Fund strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). In the case of research services, the Adviser believes that access to independent investment research is beneficial to its investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Fund.

To the extent that research services may be a factor in selecting brokers, such services may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic, or institutional areas and information which assists in the valuation and pricing of investments. Examples of research-oriented services for which the Adviser might utilize Fund commissions include research reports and other information on the economy, industries, sectors, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis. The Adviser may use research services furnished by brokers in servicing all client accounts and not all services may necessarily be used in connection with the account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. Information so received by the Adviser will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Fund’s Adviser under the Advisory Agreement. Any advisory or other fees paid to the Adviser are not reduced as a result of the receipt of research services.

In some cases the Adviser may receive a service from a broker that has both a “research” and a “non-research” use. When this occurs, the Adviser makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while the Adviser will use its own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, the Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest, but the Adviser believes that its allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that it appropriately allocates the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.

From time to time, the Fund may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the seller may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide the Adviser with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances.

 

37


Generally, the seller will provide research “credits” in these situations at a rate that is higher than that which is available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).

Brokerage with Fund Affiliates.     The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of either the Fund, the Adviser, the sub-advisers or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules further require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Fund for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.

Portfolio Turnover.     The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Fund. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Fund’s portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE

 

The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.

The Fund will disclose its portfolio holdings by mailing its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period. The Fund may also disclose its portfolio holdings by mailing a quarterly report to its shareholders. In addition, the Fund will disclose its portfolio holdings in reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Forms N-CSR and N-Q two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period.

The Fund may, but is not required to, post a schedule of its 10 largest portfolio holdings on a website at regular intervals or from time to time at the discretion of the Fund. Such schedule shall be published as of the most recent calendar month-end on such website, generally within 10 business days after the end of the calendar month. This information will remain on the website until new information for the next month is posted, or at least until the Fund files its Form N-Q or Form N-CSR for the period that includes the dates of the posted holdings. A website is not currently operated for the Fund.

The Fund may choose to make its holdings available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg more frequently on a confidential basis.

Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the SEC on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q. In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential.

 

 

The Adviser and Sub-Advisers .    Personnel of the Adviser and sub-advisers, including personnel responsible for managing the Fund’s portfolio, may have full daily access to Fund portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for the Adviser and sub-advisers to provide management, administrative, and investment services to the Fund. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, Adviser and sub-advisers personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.

 

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC.      Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant and administrator for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Fund.

 

 

U.S. Bank.     U.S. Bank is the custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Fund.

 

38


 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.     McGladrey LLP is the Fund’s registered independent public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Fund’s annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.

 

 

Counsel. Pepper Hamilton, LLP is counsel to the Fund; therefore its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with the review of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.

Additions to List of Approved Recipients.     The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Fund, the Adviser, the sub-advisers or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Compliance with Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures.     The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with the portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.

There is no assurance that the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.

CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES

 

The Trust issues and offers separate classes of shares of the Fund: Class A, Class C and Class I shares. The shares of the Fund, when issued and paid for in accordance with the Prospectus, will be fully paid and non-assessable shares, with equal voting rights and no preferences as to conversion, exchange, dividends, redemption or any other feature.

The separate classes of shares of the Fund represent interests in the same portfolio of investments, have the same rights and are identical in all respects, except that Class A and Class C shares bear distribution and/or service fees and have exclusive voting rights with respect to their respective Rule 12b-1 Plan pursuant to which the distribution fee may be paid.

The net income attributable to a class of shares and the dividends payable on such shares will be reduced by the amount of any applicable shareholder service or Rule 12b-1 distribution fees. Accordingly, the NAV of the Class A and Class C shares will be reduced by such amount to the extent the Fund has undistributed net income.

Shares of the Fund entitle holders to one vote per share and fractional votes for fractional shares held. Shares have non-cumulative voting rights, do not have preemptive or subscription rights and are transferable. Each class takes separate votes on matters affecting only that class.

The Trust does not hold annual meetings of shareholders. The Trustees are required to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any Trustee when requested in writing to do so by the shareholders of record owning not less than 10% of the Fund’s outstanding shares.

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM

 

The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “AML Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust’s AML Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the AML Program. The Trust’s Secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering compliance officer.

Procedures to implement the AML Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Fund’s Distributor and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reported suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

 

 

39


As a result of the AML Program, the Trust may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.

LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY

 

The Trust’s Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful defaults and, if reasonable care has been exercised in the selection of officers, agents, employees or investment advisers, shall not be liable for any neglect or wrongdoing of any such person. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Fund will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with actual or threatened litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust unless it is determined in the manner provided in the Declaration of Trust that they have not acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that their actions were in the best interests of the Trust. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee’s individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.

CODES OF ETHICS

 

The Trust, the Adviser, the sub-advisers and the Distributor each have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that govern the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under the code of ethics, the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Fund.

In addition, the Trust has adopted a code of ethics, which applies only to the Trust’s executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management. The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; ii) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications made by the Fund; iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations; iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and v) accountability for adherence to the Code.

 

40


APPENDIX A – RATINGS

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard &Poor’s ® (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations. A description of the ratings assigned by Moody’s, S&P ® and Fitch are provided below. These ratings represent the opinions of these rating services as to the quality of the securities that they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality.

Moody’s credit ratings are current opinions of the relative future credit risk of entities, credit commitments, or debt or debt-like securities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual, financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default. Credit ratings do not address any other risk, including but not limited to: liquidity risk, market value risk, or price volatility. Credit ratings are not statements of current or historical fact. Credit ratings do not constitute investment or financial advice, and credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, sell, or hold particular securities. Credit ratings do not comment on the suitability of an investment for any particular investor. Moody’s issues its credit ratings with the expectation and understanding that each investor will make its own study and evaluation of each security that is under consideration for purchase, holding, or sale.

An S&P issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Fitch credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, and repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit-ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

Short-Term Credit Ratings

Moody’s

Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

“P-1”

  Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

“P-2”

  Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

“P-3”

  Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

“NP”

  Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

S&P

S&P’s short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating.

 

A-1


The following summarizes the rating categories used by S&P for short-term issues:

 

“A-1”

  Obligations are rated in the highest category and indicate that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

“A-2”

  Obligations are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

“A-3”

  Obligations exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“B”

  Obligations are regarded as vulnerable and having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

 

“C”

  Obligations are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“D”

  Obligations are in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks – Country risk considerations are a standard part of S&P’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

Fitch

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream, and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

 

“F1”

  Highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

“F2”

  Good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

 

“F3”

  Fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

 

A-2


“B”

  Speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

“C”

  High short-term default risk. This designation indicates that default is a real possibility.

 

“RD”

  Restricted default. This designation indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Or, the default of a specific short-term obligation.

 

“D”

  Default. This designation indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of all short-term obligations.

Specific limitations relevant to the Short-Term Ratings scale include:

 

 

The ratings do not predict a specific percentage of default likelihood over any given time period.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the market value of any issuer’s securities or stock, or the likelihood that this value may change.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the liquidity of the issuer’s securities or stock.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the possible loss severity on an obligation should an obligation default.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on any quality related to an issuer or transaction’s profile other than the agency’s opinion on the relative vulnerability to default of the rated issuer or obligation.

Ratings assigned by Fitch Ratings articulate an opinion on discrete and specific areas of risk. The above list is not exhaustive.

Long-Term Credit Ratings

Moody’s

Moody’s long-term ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.

The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

 

“Aaa”

  Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

“Aa”

  Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

“A”

  Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

“Baa”

  Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

“Ba”

  Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

“B”

  Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

“Caa”

  Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

“Ca”

  Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

“C”

  Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

A-3


Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

S&P

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P’s analysis of the following considerations:

 

 

Likelihood of payment – capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

 

Nature of and provisions of the obligation;

 

 

Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P for long-term issues:

 

“AAA”

  An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

“AA”

  An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

“A”

  An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

“BBB”

  An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC,” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

“BB”

  An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“B”

  An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“CCC”

  An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“CC”

  An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

A-4


“C”

  A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

“D”

  An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.

 

Plus (+) or minus (-)

  The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

“NR”

  This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks – Country risk considerations are a standard part of S&P’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

Fitch

Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns and insurance companies, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs opine on an entity’s relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.

In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency’s view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default. For historical information on the default experience of Fitch-rated issuers, please consult the transition and default performance studies available from the Fitch Ratings website.

The following summarizes long-term IDR categories used by Fitch:

 

“AAA”

  Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

“AA”

  Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

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“A”

  High credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

“BBB”

  Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

 

“BB”

  Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.

 

“B”

  Highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

 

“CCC”

  Substantial credit risk. “CCC” ratings indicate that default is a real possibility.

 

“CC”

  Very high levels of credit risk. “CC” ratings indicate default of some kind appears probable.

 

“C”

  Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. “C” ratings indicate default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:

 

  a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

 

  b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or

 

  c. Fitch otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.

 

“RD”

  Restricted default. “RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased business. This would include:

 

  a. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;

 

  b. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;

 

  c. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or

 

  d. execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.

 

“D”

  Default. “D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.

“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a

 

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grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.

In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.

Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” Long-Term IDR category, or to Long-Term IDR categories below “B.”

Specific limitations relevant to the issuer credit rating scale include:

 

 

The ratings do not predict a specific percentage of default likelihood over any given time period.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the market value of any issuer’s securities or stock, or the likelihood that this value may change.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the liquidity of the issuer’s securities or stock.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the possible loss severity on an obligation should an issuer default.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on the suitability of an issuer as a counterparty to trade credit.

 

 

The ratings do not opine on any quality related to an issuer’s business, operational or financial profile other than the agency’s opinion on its relative vulnerability to default.

Ratings assigned by Fitch Ratings articulate an opinion on discrete and specific areas of risk. The above list is not exhaustive.

Municipal Note Ratings

Moody’s

Moody’s uses three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and are divided into three levels—“MIG 1” through “MIG 3”. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated “SG”, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.

The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for these short-term obligations:

 

“MIG 1”

  This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

 

“MIG 2”

  This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

 

“MIG 3”

  This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

 

“SG”

  This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” scale.

When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated “NR”, e.g., “Aaa/NR” or “NR/VMIG 1”.

VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.

 

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“VMIG 1”

  This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“VMIG 2”

  This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“VMIG 3”

  This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“SG”

  This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

S&P

An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P’s analysis will review the following considerations:

 

 

Amortization schedule – the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

 

Source of payment – the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Note rating symbols are as follows:

 

“SP-1”

  The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service are given a plus (+) designation.

 

“SP-2”

  The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

 

“SP-3”

  The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Fitch

Fitch uses the same ratings for municipal securities as described above for other short-term credit ratings.

 

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APPENDIX B – ADVISER’S PROXY VOTING POLICIES

TAPESTRY ASSET MANAGEMENT, LP

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

(Adopted September 2008)

Pursuant to the recent adoption by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of Rule 206(4)-6 (17 CFR 275.206(4)-6) and amendments to Rule 204-2 (17 CFR 275.204-2) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Act”), it is a fraudulent, deceptive, or manipulative act, practice or course of business, within the meaning of Section 206(4) of the Act, for an investment adviser to exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, unless (i) the adviser has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interests of its clients, (ii) the adviser describes its proxy voting procedures to its clients and provides copies on request, and (iii) the adviser discloses to clients how they may obtain information on how the adviser voted their proxies.

In order to fulfill its responsibilities under the Act, Tapestry Asset Management, LP (hereinafter, “Tapestry”, “we” or “our”) has adopted the following policies and procedures for proxy voting with regard to direct investments in companies held in investment portfolios of our clients.

KEY OBJECTIVES

 

The key objectives of these policies and procedures recognize that a company’s management is entrusted with the day-to-day operations and longer term strategic planning of the company, subject to the oversight of the company’s board of directors. While “ordinary business matters” are primarily the responsibility of management and should be approved solely by the corporation’s board of directors, these objectives also recognize that the company’s shareholders must have final say over how management and directors are performing, and how shareholders’ rights and ownership interests are handled, especially when matters could have substantial economic implications to the shareholders.

Therefore, we will pay particular attention to the following matters in exercising our proxy voting responsibilities as a fiduciary for our clients:

Accountability.     Each company should have effective means in place to hold those entrusted with running a company’s business accountable for their actions. Management of a company should be accountable to its board of directors and the board should be accountable to shareholders.

Alignment of Management and Shareholder Interests.     Each company should endeavor to align the interests of management and the board of directors with the interests of the company’s shareholders. For example, we generally believe that compensation should be designed to reward management for doing a good job of creating value for the shareholders of the company.

Transparency.     Promotion of timely disclosure of important information about a company’s business operations and financial performance enables investors to evaluate the performance of a company and to make informed decisions about the purchase and sale of a company’s securities.

DECISION METHODS

 

We generally believe that portfolio managers that invest in and track particular companies have a unique perspective to make decisions with regard to proxy votes. Therefore, we rely on that perspective to make the final decisions on how to cast proxy votes.

No set of proxy voting guidelines can anticipate all situations that may arise. In special cases, we may seek insight and expertise from outside sources as to how a particular proxy proposal will impact the financial prospects of a company, and vote accordingly.

 

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In some instances, a proxy vote may present a conflict between the interests of a client, on the one hand, and our interests or the interests of a person affiliated with us, on the other. In such a case, we will abstain from making a voting decision and will forward all of the necessary proxy voting materials to the client to enable the client to cast the votes.

SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

 

Election of the Board of Directors

We believe that good corporate governance generally starts with a board composed primarily of independent directors, unfettered by significant ties to management, all of whose members are elected annually. We also believe that some measure of turnover in board composition typically promotes more independent board action and fresh perspectives on governance. Of greater importance is the skill set of the proposed board member. We will also look at the backgrounds of the directors to gauge their business acumen and any special talent or experience that may add value to their participation on the board.

The election of a company’s board of directors is one of the most fundamental rights held by shareholders. Because a classified board structure prevents shareholders from electing a full slate of directors annually, we will pay special attention to efforts to declassify boards or other measures that permit shareholders to remove a majority of directors at any time.

Approval of Independent Auditors

We believe that the relationship between a company and its auditors should be limited primarily to the audit engagement, although it may include certain closely related activities that do not raise an appearance of impaired independence.

We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis instances in which the audit firm has a substantial non-audit relationship with a company to determine whether we believe independence has been, or could be, compromised.

Equity-based compensation plans

We believe that appropriately designed equity-based compensation plans, approved by shareholders, can be an effective way to align the interests of shareholders and the interests of directors, management, and employees by providing incentives to increase shareholder value. Conversely, we are opposed to plans that substantially dilute ownership interests in the company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have inherently objectionable structural features.

We will generally support measures intended to increase stock ownership by executives and the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees. These may include:

 

1. Requiring senior executives to hold stock in a company.

 

2. Requiring stock acquired through option exercise to be held for a certain period of time.

These are guidelines, and we consider other factors, such as the nature of the industry and size of the company, when assessing a plan’s impact on ownership interests.

Corporate Structure

We view the exercise of shareholders’ rights, including the rights to act by written consent, to call special meetings and to remove directors, to be fundamental to good corporate governance.

Because classes of common stock with unequal voting rights limit the rights of certain shareholders, we generally believe that shareholders should have voting power equal to their equity interest in the company and should be able to approve or reject changes to a company’s by-laws by a simple majority vote.

We will generally support the ability of shareholders to cumulate their votes for the election of directors.

Shareholder Rights Plans

There are arguments both in favor of and against shareholder rights plans, also known as poison pills. For example, such measures may tend to entrench or provide undue compensation to current management, which we generally consider to have a negative impact on shareholder value. Therefore, our preference is for a plan that places shareholder value in a priority position above interests of management.

 

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SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES

 

As a fiduciary to its investors, Tapestry recognizes the need to actively manage and vote proxies and other shareholder actions and consents that may arise in the course of its investment advisory activities on behalf of its clients. However, due to the nature of the investments of the mutual fund advised and indirect exposure to underlying equity investments, we believe that it would be rare that Tapestry would be in a position to cast a vote or called upon to vote a proxy.

In the event that Tapestry does receive a proxy notice, shareholder consent, or is otherwise entitled to vote on any issue related to the investments of its advisory client accounts, Tapestry will process and vote all shareholder proxies and other actions in a timely manner insofar as Tapestry can determine based on the facts available to Tapestry at the time of its action, in the best interests of the affected Tapestry advisory client(s). Although Tapestry expects that proxies will generally be voted in a manner consistent with the guidelines set forth in this policy, there may be individual cases where, based on facts available to Tapestry, voting according to policy would not be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. In such cases, Tapestry may vote counter to the stated policy.

Proxy Voting Procedure

1) Notices received are reviewed by the Compliance Department;

 

2) Forwarded to the Research & Asset Allocation Department for review and voting decision;

 

3) Vote or consent entered according to Tapestry’s best judgment under the facts and circumstances presented. Such decision shall be made, documented and approved by the Research & Asset Allocation Department and at least one member of the Executive Committee;

 

4) Final review and sign-off by Compliance Department and filing with a copy in the Proxy Voting Log.

Tapestry may at any time, outsource Proxy Voting responsibilities to Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) or similar service provider that the Executive Committee may approve, provided that such service provider votes each proxy based on decisions made by Tapestry.

CLIENT INFORMATION

 

A copy of these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures is available to our clients, without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-643-3431 and can also be found on the EDGAR database on the web at http://www.sec.gov. We will send a copy of these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures within three business days of receipt of a request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.

In addition, we will provide each client, without charge, upon request, information regarding the proxy votes cast by us with regard to the client’s securities.

 

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