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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from                    to                    
Commission File No. 001-32260
Westlake Chemical Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware   76-0346924
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 		  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600
Houston, Texas 77056
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(713) 960-9111
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value WLK The New York Stock Exchange
1.625% Senior Notes due 2029 WLK29 The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer   ☐
Non-accelerated filer
¨  
Smaller reporting company   ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)     Yes   ☐     No   x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's sole class of common stock as of October 27, 2021 was 127,821,964.

TABLE OF CONTENTS




PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
1
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
September 30,
2021 		December 31,
2020
(in millions of dollars, except par values and share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,571  $ 1,313 
Accounts receivable, net 1,642  1,214 
Inventories 1,124  918 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 98  32 
Total current assets 6,435  3,477 
Property, plant and equipment, net 6,992  6,920 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 479  461 
Goodwill 1,253  1,083 
Customer relationships, net 470  444 
Other intangible assets, net 198  168 
Equity method investments 1,010  1,059 
Other assets, net 271  223 
Total assets $ 17,108  $ 13,835 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 718  $ 536 
Accrued and other liabilities 912  821 
Current portion of long-term debt, net 268  — 
Total current liabilities 1,898  1,357 
Long-term debt, net 4,929  3,566 
Deferred income taxes 1,445  1,368 
Pension and other post-retirement benefits 362  391 
Operating lease liabilities 392  376 
Other liabilities 213  199 
Total liabilities 9,239  7,257 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
—  — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized; 134,651,380 and 134,651,380 shares issued at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively
1  1 
Common stock, held in treasury, at cost; 6,830,317 and 6,821,174 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively
(406) (401)
Additional paid-in capital 576  569 
Retained earnings 7,202  5,938 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (75) (64)
Total Westlake Chemical Corporation stockholders' equity 7,298  6,043 
Noncontrolling interests 571  535 
Total equity 7,869  6,578 
Total liabilities and equity $ 17,108  $ 13,835 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions of dollars, except per share data and share amounts)
Net sales $ 3,055  $ 1,898  $ 8,271  $ 5,539 
Cost of sales 2,037  1,650  5,872  4,839 
Gross profit 1,018  248  2,399  700 
Selling, general and administrative expenses 122  108  383  332 
Amortization of intangibles 29  27  83  81 
Restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs 6  34  6  36 
Income from operations 861  79  1,927  251 
Other income (expense)
Interest expense (61) (37) (130) (108)
Other income, net 13  12  35  32 
Income before income taxes 813  54  1,832  175 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 193  (15) 423  (75)
Net income 620  69  1,409  250 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 13  12  38  33 
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation
$ 607  $ 57  $ 1,371  $ 217 
Earnings per common share attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation:
Basic $ 4.71  $ 0.45  $ 10.65  $ 1.69 
Diluted $ 4.69  $ 0.45  $ 10.60  $ 1.69 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 128,060,193  127,701,340  128,053,337  127,872,434 
Diluted 128,765,814  127,953,907  128,710,097  128,073,066 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions of dollars)
Net income $ 620  $ 69  $ 1,409  $ 250 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
Pension and other post-retirement benefits liability
Pension and other post-retirement benefits reserves adjustment
1  —  1  — 
Income tax provision on pension and other post-retirement benefits liability
(1) —  (1) — 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Foreign currency translation (13) 10  2  — 
Income tax benefit (provision) on foreign currency translation (6) 9  (13) 7 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes (19) 19  (11) 7 
Comprehensive income 601  88  1,398  257 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax of $1 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020; and net of tax of $2 and $1 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively
13  13  38  35 
Comprehensive income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation
$ 588  $ 75  $ 1,360  $ 222 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

Common Stock Common Stock, Held in Treasury
Number of Shares Amount Number of Shares At Cost Additional Paid-in Capital Retained
Earnings 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Noncontrolling
Interests 		Total
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2020 134,651,380  $ 1  6,821,174  $ (401) $ 569  $ 5,938  $ (64) $ 535  $ 6,578 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  242  —  11  253 
Other comprehensive loss
—  —  —  —  —  —  (6) (1) (7)
Shares issued—stock-based compensation
—  —  (301,112) 22  (13) —  —  —  9 
Stock-based compensation
—  —  —  —  8  —  —  —  8 
Dividends declared —  —  —  —  —  (35) —  —  (35)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (11) (11)
Noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  —  —  30  30 
Balances at March 31, 2021 134,651,380  1  6,520,062  (379) 564  6,145  (70) 564  6,825 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  522  —  14  536 
Other comprehensive income
—  —  —  —  —  —  14  1  15 
Shares issued—stock-based compensation
—  —  (18,397) 1  —  —  —  —  1 
Stock-based compensation
—  —  —  —  7  —  —  —  7 
Dividends declared
—  —  —  —  —  (34) —  —  (34)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (11) (11)
Balances at June 30, 2021 134,651,380  1  6,501,665  (378) 571  6,633  (56) 568  7,339 
5
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

Common Stock Common Stock, Held in Treasury
Number of Shares Amount Number of Shares At Cost Additional Paid-in Capital Retained
Earnings 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Noncontrolling
Interests 		Total
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts)
Net income —  —  —  —  —  607  —  13  620 
Other comprehensive income
—  —  —  —  —  —  (19) —  (19)
Common stock repurchased
—  —  355,800  (30) —  —  —  —  (30)
Shares issued—stock-based compensation
—  —  (27,148) 2  (2) —  —  —  — 
Stock-based compensation
—  —  —  —  7  —  —  —  7 
Dividends declared
—  —  —  —  —  (38) —  —  (38)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (10) (10)
Balances at September 30, 2021 134,651,380  $ 1  6,830,317  $ (406) $ 576  $ 7,202  $ (75) $ 571  $ 7,869 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

Common Stock Common Stock, Held in Treasury
Number of Shares Amount Number of Shares At Cost Additional Paid-in Capital Retained
Earnings 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Noncontrolling
Interests 		Total
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2019 134,651,380  $ 1  6,266,609  $ (377) $ 553  $ 5,757  $ (74) $ 543  $ 6,403 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  145  —  12  157 
Other comprehensive loss
—  —  —  —  —  —  (32) —  (32)
Common stock repurchased —  —  995,529  (54) —  —  —  —  (54)
Shares issued—stock-based compensation
—  —  (282,476) 18  (8) (8) —  —  2 
Stock-based compensation
—  —  —  —  6  —  —  —  6 
Dividends declared
—  —  —  —  —  (34) —  —  (34)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (10) (10)
Balances at March 31, 2020 134,651,380  1  6,979,662  (413) 551  5,860  (106) 545  6,438 
Net income
—  —  —  —  —  15  —  9  24 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  —  19  1  20 
Shares issued—stock-based compensation
—  —  (16,331) 2  (1) (1) —  —  — 
Stock-based compensation
—  —  —  —  8  —  —  —  8 
Dividends declared
—  —  —  —  —  (34) —  —  (34)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (19) (19)
Balances at June 30, 2020 134,651,380  1  6,963,331  (411) 558  5,840  (87) 536  6,437 
7
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

Common Stock Common Stock, Held in Treasury
Number of Shares Amount Number of Shares At Cost Additional Paid-in Capital Retained
Earnings 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) 		Noncontrolling
Interests 		Total
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts)
Net income
—  —  —  —  —  57  —  12  69 
Other comprehensive loss
—  —  —  —  —  —  18  1  19 
Shares issued—stock-based compensation
—  —  (32,707) 2  (2) —  —  —  — 
Stock-based compensation
—  —  —  —  7  —  —  —  7 
Dividends declared
—  —  —  —  —  (34) —  —  (34)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  (10) (10)
Balances at September 30, 2020 134,651,380  $ 1  6,930,624  $ (409) $ 563  $ 5,863  $ (69) $ 539  $ 6,488 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
(in millions of dollars)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income $ 1,409  $ 250 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization 600  577 
Stock-based compensation expense 23  21 
Loss from disposition and write-off of property, plant and equipment 14  26 
Deferred income taxes 50  154 
Other losses, net 21  23 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of business acquisitions
Accounts receivable (414) (251)
Inventories (180) 108 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (49) (8)
Accounts payable 184  17 
Accrued and other liabilities 78  14 
Other, net (99) (65)
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,637  866 
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (428) — 
Additions to property, plant and equipment (414) (403)
Return of (additions to) investment from unconsolidated subsidiaries (19) 44 
Other, net 19  (7)
Net cash used for investing activities (842) (366)
Cash flows from financing activities
Debt issuance costs (18) (3)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (32) (39)
Dividends paid (107) (102)
Proceeds from debt issuance and drawdown of revolver, net 1,668  1,299 
Proceeds from (repayment of) short-term notes payable, net 5  (17)
Repayment of revolver and senior notes —  (1,100)
Repurchase of common stock for treasury (30) (54)
Other, net 1  2 
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 1,487  (14)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (9) 4 
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 2,273  490 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 1,337  750 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 3,610  $ 1,240 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
9
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)

1. Basis of Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for interim periods. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required for complete financial statements under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") have not been included. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Westlake Chemical Corporation (the "Company") included in the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the "2020 Form 10-K"), filed with the SEC on February 24, 2021. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the accounting principles and practices as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
In the opinion of the Company's management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position as of September 30, 2021, its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and the changes in its cash position for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
Results of operations and changes in cash position for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be realized for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 or any other interim period. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic resulted in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy in 2020. As the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on the global economy continue, the Company may experience impacts on its business operations. However, the impact that COVID-19 will have on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company cannot be estimated with certainty at this time as it will depend on future developments, including, among others, the timing and logistics with respect to the distribution of vaccines globally and the efficacy of the available vaccines (including with respect to the more recent variants of COVID-19) and other treatments, the ultimate duration of the pandemic, geographic spread and severity of the virus, the consequences of governmental and other measures designed to prevent the spread of the virus, actions taken by customers, suppliers and other third parties, workforce availability, and the timing and extent to which normal economic and operating conditions resume.
The Company holds a 50% interest in RS Cogen, LLC ("RS Cogen") with Entergy Power RS, LLC ("Entergy") holding the remaining interest. Effective January 2021, the Company consolidated RS Cogen into its consolidated financial statements and classified Entergy's 50% interest in RS Cogen as a component of noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheet.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Reference Rate Reform (ASU No. 2020-04)
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update to provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022, and the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Certain exceptions provided under this guidance may be applicable to future reference rate reform related transitions.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Income Taxes (ASU No. 2019-12)
In December 2019, the FASB issued an accounting standards update removing certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations and adding guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. The accounting standard became effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this accounting standard effective January 1, 2021, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
10
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
2. Acquisitions
Boral Target Companies in North America. On June 20, 2021, Royal Building Products (USA) Inc. ("RBP"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westlake, entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the "Boral Purchase Agreement") by and among Boral Building Products Inc., a Michigan corporation, Boral Stone Products LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Boral Lifetile Inc., a California corporation, Boral Windows LLC, a Utah limited liability company, Boral Industries Inc., a California corporation ("Boral Industries"), RBP and, solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, Westlake and Boral Limited, an Australian corporation ("Boral"). Pursuant to the terms of the Boral Purchase Agreement, RBP agreed to acquire from Boral Industries all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of certain subsidiaries of Boral Industries engaged in Boral's North American building products businesses in roofing, siding, trim and shutters, decorative stone and windows (the "Boral Target Companies") for a purchase price of $2,150 in cash, subject to working capital post-closing adjustments. The Boral Purchase Agreement also includes a potential earn-out payment from RBP to Boral Industries of up to $65 if Boral's windows business generates EBITDA in excess of a specified target in its fiscal year ending June 30, 2024. The acquisition will be accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The fair value of the estimated earn-out will be recognized as contingent consideration liability as part of the Company's purchase accounting. On October 1, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of, and acquired all of the equity interests in, the Boral Target Companies. Due to the recent closing of this acquisition, certain financial information related to this acquisition, including the fair value of total consideration transferred or estimated to be transferred, is not yet finalized.
LASCO Fittings, Inc. On July 4, 2021, North American Pipe Corporation ("NAPCO"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westlake, entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement with Aalberts U.S. Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Aalberts") and wholly-owned subsidiary of Aalberts N.V., pursuant to which NAPCO agreed to acquire LASCO Fittings, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("LASCO"), from Aalberts. LASCO is a manufacturer of injected-molded PVC fittings that serve the plumbing, pool and spa, industrial, irrigation and retail markets in the United States. On August 19, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of, and acquired all of the equity interests in, LASCO. The total closing purchase consideration was $277. The acquisition is being accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the results of operations of LASCO are included in the Vinyls segment. LASCO net sales and net income since the acquisition date and the acquisition-related costs recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were not material to the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The pro forma impact of this acquisition has not been presented as it is not material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company recognized intangible assets of $77, of which $50 is included in customer relationships, net on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021, and goodwill of $106 with the remainder of the purchase consideration primarily allocated to property, plant, and equipment, net and working capital balances. The goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to the expected value to be achieved from the acquisition. The intangible assets that have been acquired are being amortized over a period of 17 to 18 years.
Dimex LLC. On August 2, 2021, Rome Delaware Corp. ("Rome"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westlake, entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with DX Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Dimex"), each of Dimex's stockholders, and for limited purposes, Westlake and Grey Mountain Partners Fund III Holdings, L.P., pursuant to which Rome agreed to acquire Dimex. Dimex is a producer of various consumer products made from post-industrial-recycled polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and thermoplastic elastomer materials, including landscape edging; industrial, home and office matting; marine dock edging; and masonry joint controls. On September 10, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of, and acquired all of the equity interests in, Dimex. The total closing purchase consideration was $172, subject to working capital post-closing adjustments. The acquisition is being accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the results of operations of Dimex are included in the Vinyls segment. Dimex net sales and net income since the acquisition date and the acquisition-related costs recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were not material to the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The pro forma impact of this acquisition has not been presented as it is not material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company recognized intangible assets of $69, of which $45 is included in customer relationships, net on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021, and goodwill of $66 with the remainder of the purchase consideration primarily allocated to property, plant, and equipment, net and working capital balances. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes and is primarily attributable to the expected value to be achieved from the acquisition. The intangible assets that have been acquired are being amortized over a period of 17 to 19 years.

11
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
3. Financial Instruments
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company had restricted cash and cash equivalents of $39 and $24 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company's restricted cash and cash equivalents are primarily related to balances that are restricted for payment of distributions to certain of the Company's current and former employees. In addition, the Company's restricted cash and cash equivalents include RS Cogen's cash that is restricted under its senior credit facility. Restricted cash and cash equivalents are reflected primarily in other assets, net in the consolidated balance sheets.
4. Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
September 30,
2021 		December 31,
2020
Trade customers $ 1,553  $ 1,086 
Related parties 2  9 
Allowance for credit losses (23) (17)
1,532  1,078 
Federal and state taxes 49  92 
Other 61  44 
Accounts receivable, net $ 1,642  $ 1,214 

5. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
September 30,
2021 		December 31,
2020
Finished products $ 639  $ 524 
Feedstock, additives, chemicals and other raw materials 316  227 
Materials and supplies 169  167 
Inventories $ 1,124  $ 918 

6. Goodwill
The gross carrying amounts and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:
Vinyls Segment Olefins Segment Total
Balances at December 31, 2020 $ 1,053  $ 30  $ 1,083 
Goodwill acquired during the period 172  —  172 
Effects of changes in foreign exchange rates (2) —  (2)
Balances at September 30, 2021 $ 1,223  $ 30  $ 1,253 
The Company performed its annual impairment analysis for the Vinyls reporting units during the second quarter of 2021 and determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of each of the Vinyls reporting units exceeds its carrying value. Factors considered in the qualitative assessment included macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, current and projected financial performance, changes in management or strategy and market capitalization.
12
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
7. Accounts Payable
Accounts payable consist of the following:
September 30,
2021 		December 31,
2020
Accounts payable—third parties $ 687  $ 529 
Accounts payable to related parties 17  — 
Notes payable 14  7 
Accounts payable $ 718  $ 536 

13
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
8. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Principal
Amount 		Unamortized
Discount
and Debt
Issuance
Costs 		Net
Long-term
Debt 		Principal
Amount 		Unamortized
Discount
and Debt
Issuance
Costs 		Net
Long-term
Debt
3.60% senior notes due 2022 (the "3.60% 2022 Senior Notes")
$ 250  $ —  $ 250  $ 250  $ (1) $ 249 
0.875% senior notes due 2024 (the "0.875% 2024 Senior Notes")
300  (2) 298  —  —  — 
3.60% senior notes due 2026 (the "3.60% 2026 Senior Notes")
750  (6) 744  750  (6) 744 
Loan related to tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds due 2027 11  11  11  —  11 
1.625% senior notes due 2029 (the "1.625% 2029 Senior Notes")
811  (9) 802  859  (10) 849 
3.375% senior notes due 2030 (the "3.375% 2030 Senior Notes")
300  (4) 296  300  (4) 296 
3.50% senior notes due 2032 (the "3.50% 2032 GO Zone Refunding Senior Notes")
250  (1) 249  250  (1) 249 
2.875% senior notes due 2041 (the "2.875% 2041 Senior Notes")
350  (11) 339  —  —  — 
5.0% senior notes due 2046 (the "5.0% 2046 Senior Notes")
700  (22) 678  700  (23) 677 
4.375% senior notes due 2047 (the "4.375% 2047 Senior Notes")
500  (8) 492  500  (9) 491 
3.125% senior notes due 2051 (the "3.125% 2051 Senior Notes")
600  (23) 577  —  —  — 
3.375% senior notes due 2061 (the "3.375% 2061 Senior Notes")
450  (19) 431  —  —  — 
8.73% RS Cogen debt due 2022 (the "8.73% 2022 RS Cogen Debt")
24  24  —  —  — 
Term loans due 2026 (the "2026 Term Loans") 6  —  6  —  —  — 
Total long-term debt 5,302  (105) 5,197  3,620  (54) 3,566 
Less current portion:
3.60% 2022 Senior Notes
(250) —  (250) —  —  — 
8.73% 2022 RS Cogen Debt
(18) —  (18) —  —  — 
Long-term debt, net of current portion $ 5,034  $ (105) $ 4,929  $ 3,620  $ (54) $ 3,566 
Unamortized debt issuance costs on long-term debt were $43 and $28 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all of its long-term debt covenants.

14
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
Credit Agreement
The Company has a $1,000 revolving credit facility that is scheduled to mature on July 24, 2023 (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement bears interest at either (a) LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% or (b) Alternate Base Rate plus a spread ranging from 0.00% to 0.75% in each case depending on the credit rating of the Company. At September 30, 2021, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had no outstanding letters of credit and had $1,000 of borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including a quarterly total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with the total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant. The Credit Agreement also contains certain events of default and if and for so long as certain events of default have occurred and are continuing, any overdue amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement will accrue interest at an increased rate, the lenders can terminate their commitments thereunder and payments of any outstanding amounts could be accelerated by the lenders.
The Credit Agreement includes a $150 sub-limit for letters of credit, and any outstanding letters of credit will be deducted from availability under the facility. The Credit Agreement also provides for a discretionary $50 commitment for swingline loans to be provided on a same-day basis. The Company may also increase the size of the facility, in increments of at least $25, up to a maximum of $500, subject to certain conditions and if certain lenders agree to commit to such an increase.
Senior Notes Offering
On August 19, 2021, the Company completed the registered public offering of $300 aggregate principal amount of 0.875% senior notes due 2024 (the “0.875% 2024 Senior Notes”), $350 aggregate principal amount of 2.875% senior notes due 2041 (the “2.875% 2041 Senior Notes”), $600 aggregate principal amount of 3.125% senior notes due 2051 (the “3.125% 2051 Senior Notes”) and $450 aggregate principal amount of 3.375% senior notes due 2061 (the “3.375% 2061 Senior Notes” and, together with the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes, the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes and the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes, the “Notes”). There is no sinking fund and no scheduled amortization of each series of Notes prior to maturity of such respective series. The 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes will accrue interest at a rate of 0.875% per annum, the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes will accrue interest at a rate of 2.875% per annum, the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes will accrue interest at a rate of 3.125% per annum and the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes will accrue interest at a rate of 3.375% per annum. Interest on each series of Notes will accrue from August 19, 2021 and will be payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning February 15, 2022. The indenture and supplemental indenture governing the Notes contain customary events of default and covenants that restrict the Company and certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale-leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of its assets. The Company may optionally redeem each series of Notes in accordance with the terms of such series of Notes. The Notes are unsecured and none of the Company's subsidiaries have guaranteed any series of the Notes.
8.73% 2022 RS Cogen Debt
In July 2000, RS Cogen, our 50%-owned joint venture, entered into a $75 aggregate principal amount senior credit facility institutional loan at an interest rate of 8.73%. All of the assets of RS Cogen are pledged as collateral under its senior credit facility. Borrowings under this senior credit facility are repayable quarterly by September 2022. The Company does not guarantee RS Cogen's debt commitments and RS Cogen is not a guarantor for any of the Company's other long-term debt obligations.
2026 Term Loans
In March 2021, Taiwan Chlorine Industries, Ltd., our 60%-owned joint venture, entered into five-year loan agreements for a maximum total limit of approximately $23. The interest rate on these loans at September 30, 2021 was 0.20%. The unsecured loans include a government rate subsidy and have a 5-year maturity.


15
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits
Liability,
Net of Tax 		Cumulative
Foreign
Currency
Exchange,
Net of Tax 		Total
Balances at December 31, 2020 $ (24) $ (40) $ (64)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation —  (11) (11)
Balances at September 30, 2021 $ (24) $ (51) $ (75)
Balances at December 31, 2019 $ 3  $ (77) $ (74)
Other comprehensive income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation —  5  5 
Balances at September 30, 2020 $ 3  $ (72) $ (69)

10. Fair Value Measurements
The Company reports certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Under the accounting guidance for fair value measurements, inputs used to measure fair value are classified in one of three levels:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
The Company has financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measures. These financial assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, accounts payable and long-term debt, all of which are recorded at carrying value. The amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.
The majority of the Company's long-term debt instruments are publicly-traded. A market approach, based upon quotes from financial reporting services, is used to measure the fair value of the Company's long-term debt. Because the Company's long-term debt instruments may not be actively traded, the inputs used to measure the fair value of the Company's long-term debt are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.
The carrying and fair values of the Company's long-term debt are summarized in the table below.
16
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Carrying
Value 		Fair
Value 		Carrying
Value 		Fair
Value
3.60% 2022 Senior Notes
$ 250  $ 254  $ 249  $ 259 
0.875% 2024 Senior Notes
298  301  —  — 
3.60% 2026 Senior Notes
744  825  744  846 
Loan related to tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds due 2027
11  11  11  11 
1.625% 2029 Senior Notes
802  860  849  897 
3.375% 2030 Senior Notes
296  325  296  332 
3.50% 2032 GO Zone Refunding Senior Notes
249  276  249  276 
2.875% 2041 Senior Notes
339  337  —  — 
5.0% 2046 Senior Notes
678  872  677  905 
4.375% 2047 Senior Notes
492  577  491  597 
3.125% 2051 Senior Notes
577  571  —  — 
3.375% 2061 Senior Notes
431  427  —  — 
8.73% 2022 RS Cogen Debt
24  24  —  — 
2026 Term Loans 6  6  —  — 

11. Income Taxes
The effective income tax rate was an expense of 23.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to a benefit of 27.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was above the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and foreign taxes. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was a benefit and below the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the income tax rate benefit resulting from the carryback of additional federal net operating loss ("NOL") to taxable years that were taxed at the U.S. corporate tax rate of 35.0% as permitted under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), partially offset by the reduction in the Internal Revenue Code Section 199 ("Section 199") domestic manufacturing deduction as a result of the NOL carryback.
The effective income tax rate was an expense of 23.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to a benefit of 42.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was above the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state and foreign taxes. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was a benefit and below the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the income tax rate benefit resulting from the carryback of federal NOL to taxable years that were taxed at the U.S. corporate tax rate of 35.0% as permitted under the CARES Act, partially offset by the reduction in the Section 199 domestic manufacturing deduction as a result of the NOL carryback, the depletion deduction, the foreign earnings rate differential and the state income tax benefit.
17
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
12. Earnings and Dividends per Share
Earnings per Share
The Company has unvested restricted stock units outstanding that are considered participating securities and, therefore, computes basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method. Basic earnings per share for the periods are based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share include the effects of certain stock options and performance stock units.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation
$ 607  $ 57  $ 1,371  $ 217 
Less:
Net income attributable to participating securities (3) —  (7) (1)
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 604  $ 57  $ 1,364  $ 216 
The following table reconciles the denominator for the basic and diluted earnings per share computations shown in the consolidated statements of operations:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Weighted average common shares—basic 128,060,193  127,701,340  128,053,337  127,872,434 
Plus incremental shares from:
Assumed exercise of options and vesting of performance stock units
705,621  252,567  656,760  200,632 
Weighted average common shares—diluted 128,765,814  127,953,907  128,710,097  128,073,066 
Earnings per common share attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation:
Basic $ 4.71  $ 0.45  $ 10.65  $ 1.69 
Diluted $ 4.69  $ 0.45  $ 10.60  $ 1.69 
Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share are options to purchase 426,918 and 1,298,659 shares of common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively; and 476,162 and 1,234,126 shares of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These options were outstanding during the periods reported but were excluded because the effect of including them would have been antidilutive.
Dividends per Share
Dividends per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Dividends per common share $ 0.2975  $ 0.2700  $ 0.8375  $ 0.7950 
13. Supplemental Information
Equity Method Investments
LACC, LLC
The Company's investment in LACC, LLC ("LACC"), a related party, was $947 and $961 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company made capital contributions to LACC of $10 and $17 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
18
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
Accrued and Other Liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities were $912 and $821 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Accrued rebates, a component of accrued and other liabilities, was $152 at September 30, 2021, and $128 at December 31, 2020. No other component of accrued and other liabilities was more than five percent of total current liabilities. Accrued liabilities with related parties were $30 and $61 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Restructuring, Transaction and Integration-Related Costs
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs of $6 primarily consisted of integration-related consulting fees and costs associated with Company's recent acquisitions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs of $34 and $36, respectively, primarily consisted of restructuring expenses related to the closure of a non-integrated plant located in Germany.
Non-cash Investing Activity
The change in capital expenditure accruals increasing additions to property, plant and equipment was $14 and $49 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
14. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is involved in a number of legal and regulatory matters, principally environmental in nature, that are incidental to the normal conduct of its business, including lawsuits, investigations and claims. The outcome of these matters are inherently unpredictable. The Company believes that, in the aggregate, the outcome of all known legal and regulatory matters will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements; however, under certain circumstances, if required to recognize costs in a specific period, when combined with other factors, outcomes with respect to such matters may be material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations in such period. The Company's assessment of the potential impact of environmental matters, in particular, is subject to uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation of such environmental matters, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments. In addition, the impact of evolving claims and programs, such as natural resource damage claims, industrial site reuse initiatives and state remediation programs creates further uncertainty of the ultimate resolution of these matters. The Company anticipates that the resolution of many legal and regulatory matters, and in particular environmental matters, will occur over an extended period of time.
Antitrust Proceedings. The Company and other caustic soda producers were named as defendants in multiple purported class action civil lawsuits filed since March 2019 in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York. The lawsuits allege the defendants conspired to fix, raise, maintain and stabilize the price of caustic soda, restrict domestic (U.S.) supply of caustic soda and allocate caustic soda customers. The other defendants named in the lawsuits are Olin Corporation, K.A. Steel Chemicals (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Olin), Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Occidental Chemical Corporation d/b/a OxyChem, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Shintech Incorporated, Formosa Plastics Corporation, and Formosa Plastics Corporation, U.S.A. Each of the lawsuits is filed on behalf of the respective named plaintiff or plaintiffs and a putative class comprised of either direct purchasers or indirect purchasers of caustic soda in the U.S. The plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages and injunctive relief. The defendants' joint motion to dismiss the direct purchaser lawsuits was denied and the cases have proceeded to discovery. Beginning in October 2020, similar class action proceedings were also filed in Canada before the Superior Court of Quebec as well as before the Federal Court. These proceedings seek the certification or authorization of a class action on behalf of all residents of Canada who purchased caustic soda (including, in one of the cases, those who merely purchased products containing caustic soda) from October 1, 2015 through the present or such date deemed appropriate by the court. At this time, the Company is not able to estimate the impact, if any, that these lawsuits could have on the Company's consolidated financial statements either in the current period or in future periods.
Environmental. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had reserves for environmental contingencies totaling approximately $55 and $53, respectively, most of which was classified as noncurrent liabilities. The Company's assessment of the potential impact of these environmental contingencies is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation, if necessary, of such environmental contingencies, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments.
19
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
Calvert City Proceedings. For several years, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") has been conducting remedial investigation and feasibility studies at the Company's Calvert City, Kentucky facility pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA"). As the current owner of the Calvert City facility, the Company was named by the EPA as a potentially responsible party ("PRP") along with Goodrich Corporation ("Goodrich") and its successor-in-interest, Avient Corporation (formerly known as PolyOne Corporation, "Avient"). On November 30, 2017, the EPA published a draft Proposed Plan, incorporating by reference an August 2015 draft Remedial Investigation ("RI") report, an October 2017 draft Feasibility Study ("FS") report and a Technical Impracticability Waiver document dated December 19, 2017. On June 18, 2018, the EPA published an amendment to its Proposed Plan. The amended Proposed Plan describes a final remedy for the onshore portion of the site comprised of a containment wall, targeted treatment and supplemental hydraulic containment. The amended Proposed Plan also describes an interim approach to address the contamination under the river that would include recovery of any mobile contaminants by an extraction well along with further study of the extent of the contamination and potential treatment options. The EPA's estimated cost of implementation is $107, with an estimated $1 to $3 in annual operation and maintenance ("O&M") costs. In September 2018, the EPA published the Record of Decision ("ROD") for the site, formally selecting the preferred final and interim remedies outlined in the amended Proposed Plan. In October 2018, the EPA issued Special Notice letters to the PRPs for the remedial design phase of work under the ROD. In April 2019, the PRPs and the EPA entered into an administrative settlement agreement and order on consent for remedial design. In October 2019, the PRPs received special notice letters for the remedial action phase of work at the site. The Company, jointly with the other PRPs, submitted a good faith offer response in December 2019. On September 17, 2020, the EPA and the Department of Justice filed a proposed consent decree for the remedial action with the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. On November 16, 2020, the Department of Justice filed a motion to approve and enter the consent decree. On January 28, 2021, the Court granted the unopposed motion to enter the consent decree, which became effective the same day. The Company's allocation of liability for remedial and O&M costs at the Calvert City site, if any, is governed by a series of agreements between the Company, Goodrich and Avient. These agreements and the associated litigation are described below.
In connection with the 1990 and 1997 acquisitions of the Goodrich chemical manufacturing complex in Calvert City, Goodrich agreed to indemnify the Company for any liabilities related to preexisting contamination at the complex. For its part, the Company agreed to indemnify Goodrich for post-closing contamination caused by the Company's operations. The soil and groundwater at the complex, which does not include the Company's nearby PVC facility, had been extensively contaminated by Goodrich's operations. In 1993, Goodrich spun off the predecessor of Avient, and that predecessor assumed Goodrich's indemnification obligations relating to preexisting contamination. In 2003, litigation arose among the Company, Goodrich and Avient with respect to the allocation of the cost of remediating contamination at the site. The parties settled this litigation in December 2007 and the case was dismissed. In the settlement, the parties agreed that, among other things: (1) Avient would pay 100% of the costs (with specified exceptions), net of recoveries or credits from third parties, incurred with respect to environmental issues at the Calvert City site from August 1, 2007 forward; and (2) either the Company or Avient might, from time to time in the future (but not more than once every five years), institute an arbitration proceeding to adjust that percentage. In May 2017, Avient filed a demand for arbitration. In this proceeding, Avient sought to readjust the percentage allocation of future costs and to recover approximately $11 from the Company in reimbursement of previously paid remediation costs. The Company's cross demand for arbitration seeking unreimbursed remediation costs incurred during the relevant period was dismissed from the proceedings when Avient paid such costs in full at the beginning of the arbitration hearing.
On July 10, 2018, Avient sued the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, and sought to invalidate the arbitration provisions in the parties' 2007 settlement agreement and enjoin the arbitration it had initiated in 2017. On July 30, 2018, the district court refused to enjoin the arbitration and, on January 15, 2019, the court granted the Company's motion to dismiss Avient's suit. On February 13, 2019, Avient appealed those decisions to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. The court of appeals issued an opinion and final order on September 6, 2019, affirming the district court.
20
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
The arbitration hearing began in August 2018 and concluded in December 2018. On May 22, 2019, the arbitration panel issued its final award. It determined that Avient was responsible for 100% of the allocable costs at issue in the proceeding and that Avient would remain responsible for 100% of the costs to operate the existing groundwater remedy at the Calvert City site. In August 2019, Avient filed a motion to vacate before the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, seeking to invalidate the final award under the Federal Arbitration Act. On February 11, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky denied Avient's motion to vacate and affirmed the arbitration final award. Avient did not file a notice of appeal before the March 10, 2020 deadline to contest the court's decision. Accordingly, the final award was affirmed and the arbitration proceeding is fully and finally resolved. At this time, the Company is not able to estimate the impact, if any, that any subsequent arbitration or judicial proceeding could have on the Company's consolidated financial statements either in the current period or in later periods. Any cash expenditures that the Company might incur in the future with respect to the remediation of contamination at the Calvert City complex would likely be spread out over an extended period. As a result, the Company believes it is unlikely that any remediation costs allocable to it will be material in terms of expenditures made in any individual reporting period.
Environmental Remediation: Reasonably Possible Matters. The Company's assessment of the potential impact of environmental contingencies is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation, if necessary, of such environmental contingencies, and the potential for technological and regulatory developments. As such, in addition to the amounts currently reserved, the Company may be subject to reasonably possible loss contingencies related to environmental matters in the range of $65 to $130.

21
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
15. Segment Information
The Company operates in two principal operating segments: Vinyls and Olefins. These segments are strategic business units that offer a variety of different products. The Company manages each segment separately as each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net external sales
Vinyls
PVC, caustic soda and other $ 1,834  $ 1,116  $ 4,950  $ 3,333 
Building products 514  413  1,406  1,049 
Total Vinyls 2,348  1,529  6,356  4,382 
Olefins
Polyethylene 559  302  1,488  914 
Styrene, feedstock and other 148  67  427  243 
Total Olefins 707  369  1,915  1,157 
$ 3,055  $ 1,898  $ 8,271  $ 5,539 
Intersegment sales
Vinyls $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 1 
Olefins 163  79  447  183 
$ 163  $ 79  $ 447  $ 184 
Income (loss) from operations
Vinyls $ 601  $ 42  $ 1,236  $ 135 
Olefins 281  51  738  138 
Corporate and other (21) (14) (47) (22)
$ 861  $ 79  $ 1,927  $ 251 
Depreciation and amortization
Vinyls $ 166  $ 160  $ 486  $ 467 
Olefins 36  34  109  104 
Corporate and other 1  2  5  6 
$ 203  $ 196  $ 600  $ 577 
Other income, net
Vinyls $ 10  $ 7  $ 27  $ 21 
Olefins —  1  2  2 
Corporate and other 3  4  6  9 
$ 13  $ 12  $ 35  $ 32 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Vinyls $ 141  $ (25) $ 279  $ (121)
Olefins 66  4  170  41 
Corporate and other (14) 6  (26) 5 
$ 193  $ (15) $ 423  $ (75)
22
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in millions of dollars, except share amounts and per share data)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Capital expenditures
Vinyls $ 124  $ 94  $ 346  $ 338 
Olefins 19  16  66  60 
Corporate and other 1  2  2  5 
$ 144  $ 112  $ 414  $ 403 
A reconciliation of total segment income from operations to consolidated income before income taxes is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Income from operations $ 861  $ 79  $ 1,927  $ 251 
Interest expense (61) (37) (130) (108)
Other income, net 13  12  35  32 
Income before income taxes $ 813  $ 54  $ 1,832  $ 175 

September 30,
2021 		December 31,
2020
Total assets
Vinyls $ 11,655  $ 10,680 
Olefins 2,153  1,923 
Corporate and other 3,300  1,232 
$ 17,108  $ 13,835 

16. Westlake Chemical Partners LP
In 2014, the Company formed Westlake Chemical Partners LP ("Westlake Partners") to operate, acquire and develop ethylene production facilities and related assets. Also in 2014, Westlake Partners completed its initial public offering of 12,937,500 common units.
At September 30, 2021, Westlake Partners had a 22.8% limited partner interest in Westlake Chemical OpCo LP ("OpCo"), and the Company retained a 77.2% limited partner interest in OpCo and a significant interest in Westlake Partners through the Company's ownership of Westlake Partners' general partner, 40.1% of the limited partner interests (consisting of 14,122,230 common units) and incentive distribution rights.
On October 4, 2018, Westlake Partners and Westlake Partners GP, the general partner of Westlake Partners, entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with UBS Securities LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC to offer and sell Westlake Partners' common units, from time to time, up to an aggregate offering amount of $50. This Equity Distribution Agreement was amended on February 28, 2020 to reference a new shelf registration for utilization under this agreement. No common units were issued under this program as of September 30, 2021.
23
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with information contained in the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of Westlake Chemical Corporation and the notes thereto and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Westlake Chemical Corporation included in Westlake Chemical Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the "2020 Form 10-K"). Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to "we," "our," "us" or like terms refer to Westlake Chemical Corporation ("Westlake" or the "Company"). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please read "Forward-Looking Statements" for a discussion of limitations inherent in such statements.
We are a vertically-integrated global manufacturer and marketer of basic chemicals, vinyls, polymers and building products. Our two principal operating segments are Vinyls and Olefins. We use the majority of our internally-produced basic chemicals to produce higher value-added chemicals, polymers and building products.
Consumption of the basic chemicals that we manufacture in the commodity portions of our vinyls and olefins processes has increased significantly since we began operations in 1986. Our vinyls and olefins products are some of the most widely used chemicals in the world and are upgraded into a wide variety of higher value-added chemical products used in many end-markets. Chlor-alkali and petrochemicals are typically manufactured in large volume by a number of different producers using widely available technologies. The chlor-alkali and petrochemical industries exhibit cyclical commodity characteristics, and margins are influenced by changes in the balance between supply and demand and the resulting operating rates, the level of general economic activity and the price of raw materials. Due to the significant size of new plants, capacity additions are built in large increments and typically require several years of demand growth to be absorbed. The cycle is generally characterized by periods of tight supply, leading to high operating rates and margins, followed by a decline in operating rates and margins primarily as a result of excess new capacity additions.
Westlake is the second-largest chlor-alkali producer and the second-largest PVC producer in the world. Demand for vinyl products in the first half of 2020 was negatively impacted by the onset of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic. Global demand for most of our vinyls products started strengthening in the second half of 2020 and remained strong through the third quarter of 2021, and we expect global demand for most of our vinyls products to remain robust through the remainder of 2021 and well into 2022. Depending on the performance of the global economy, potential changes in international trade and tariffs policies, the trend of crude oil prices, the timing of the new capacity additions in 2021 and beyond, and the sustainability of the current, strong demand for most of our products, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be negatively or positively impacted.
Ethane-based ethylene producers have in the recent past experienced a cost advantage over naphtha-based ethylene producers during periods of higher crude oil prices. This cost advantage has resulted in a strong export market for polyethylene and other ethylene derivatives and has benefited operating margins and cash flows for our Olefins segment during such periods. However, we have seen a significant reduction in the cost advantage enjoyed by North American ethane-based ethylene producers during periods of lower crude oil prices. In the past year, we have seen volatility in ethane and ethylene prices, primarily due to changes in demand resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, anticipated timing for certain new ethylene capacity additions and availability of natural gas liquids, as well as fluctuation in the price of crude oil. Additionally, we have seen volatility in ethane and ethylene prices in 2021 due to winter storm Uri and Hurricane Ida that resulted in shutdowns of many industry production facilities on the Gulf Coast and delayed or extended the timing of planned turnarounds of various ethylene crackers. Global demand for most of our olefins products started strengthening in the second half of 2020 and remained strong through the third quarter of 2021, and we expect global demand for most of our olefins products to remain robust through the remainder of 2021 and the first half of 2022. However, new ethylene and polyethylene capacity additions in North America, Asia and the Middle East will add additional supply and may contribute to periods of lower profitability in our Olefins segment.
24
Significant Developments
COVID-19, Industry Conditions and Our Business
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The pandemic has resulted in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy. We experienced significant disruptions in the second quarter of 2020 as the pandemic and its impact on the global economy spread through most of our markets. We were designated as an essential industry by many governments based on the nature of the products we manufacture. While demand for some of our products used in cleaning, packaging and medical applications and manufacturing continued to be firm, we expected lower demand for certain of our other products that led us to proactively temporarily idle production at several of our smaller non-integrated plants and reduce operating rates at others in the beginning of the second quarter of 2020. Since the middle of the second quarter of 2020, a general ease in government restrictions in many jurisdictions across the world has resulted in a gradual increase in demand for our products. As a result, all of our idled plants recommenced production. Except for the impact of the winter storm Uri and Hurricane Ida, operating rates have improved for most of our plants since the second half of 2020 due to continuing increase in demand for our products. Though the government restrictions across the world generally eased through the third quarter of 2021, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to spread and the extent and duration of governmental and other measures implemented to try to slow the spread of the virus. Factors that could impact the spread of COVID-19 include timing and logistics with respect to the distribution of vaccines globally and the efficacy of the available vaccines (including with respect to the more recent variants of COVID-19) and other treatments. We continue to monitor the volatile environment and may reduce operating rates or idle production if the pandemic and its financial impacts persist or worsen. Considering the uncertain and volatile environment, we could continue to experience significant disruptions to our business operations in the near future.
For additional discussion regarding our operations and COVID-19, see Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II of the 2020 Form 10-K. For additional discussion regarding risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, see Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part I of the 2020 Form 10-K.
Acquisitions
Acquisition of Boral Target Companies
On June 20, 2021, Royal Building Products (USA) Inc. ("RBP"), one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into that certain Equity Purchase Agreement (the "Boral Purchase Agreement") by and among Boral Building Products Inc., a Michigan corporation, Boral Stone Products LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Boral Lifetile Inc., a California corporation, Boral Windows LLC, a Utah limited liability company, Boral Industries Inc., a California corporation ("Boral Industries"), RBP and, solely for the limited purposes set forth therein, Westlake and Boral Limited, an Australian corporation ("Boral"). Pursuant to the terms of the Boral Purchase Agreement, RBP agreed to acquire from Boral Industries 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of certain subsidiaries of Boral Industries engaged in Boral's North American building products businesses in roofing, siding, trim and shutters, decorative stone and windows (the "Boral Target Companies") for a purchase price of $2.15 billion in cash, subject to working capital post-closing adjustment, as well as a potential earn-out payment from RBP to Boral Industries of up to $65 million if Boral's windows business generates EBITDA in excess of a specified target in its fiscal year ending June 30, 2024 (the “Boral Acquisition”).
On October 1, 2021, we completed the acquisition of, and acquired all of the equity interests in, the Boral Target Companies.
Other Acquisitions
LASCO Fittings, Inc. On July 4, 2021, North American Pipe Corporation ("NAPCO"), one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into that certain Equity Purchase Agreement with Aalberts U.S. Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Aalberts") and wholly-owned subsidiary of Aalberts N.V., pursuant to which NAPCO agreed to acquire LASCO Fittings, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("LASCO"), from Aalberts. On August 19, 2021, we completed the acquisition of, and acquired all of the equity interests in, LASCO. The total closing purchase consideration was $277 million (the "LASCO Acquisition"). The assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the results of operations of LASCO are included in the Vinyls segment. LASCO is a manufacturer of injected-molded PVC fittings that serve the plumbing, pool and spa, industrial, irrigation and retail markets in the United States.
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Dimex Inc. On August 2, 2021, Rome Delaware Corp. ("Rome"), one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into that certain Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Dimex Purchase Agreement") with DX Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation ("Dimex"), each of Dimex's stockholders, and for limited purposes, Westlake and Grey Mountain Partners Fund III Holdings, L.P., pursuant to which Rome agreed to acquire Dimex. On September 10, 2021, we completed the acquisition of, and acquired all of the equity interests in, Dimex. The total closing purchase consideration was $172 million, subject to working capital post-closing adjustments (the "Dimex Acquisition" and, together with the Boral Acquisition and the LASCO Acquisition, the "Acquisitions"). The assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the results of operations of Dimex are included in the Vinyls segment. Dimex is a producer of various consumer products made from post-industrial-recycled polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and thermoplastic elastomer materials, including, landscape edging; industrial, home and office matting; marine dock edging; and masonry joint controls.
Senior Notes Offering
On August 19, 2021, we completed the registered public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 0.875% senior notes due 2024 (the “0.875% 2024 Senior Notes”), $350 million aggregate principal amount of 2.875% senior notes due 2041 (the “2.875% 2041 Senior Notes”), $600 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% senior notes due 2051 (the “3.125% 2051 Senior Notes”) and $450 million aggregate principal amount of 3.375% senior unsecured notes due 2061 (the “3.375% 2061 Senior Notes” and, together with the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes, the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes and the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes, the “Notes”). The net proceeds from the offering of the Notes were used to fund a portion of the purchase prices of the Acquisitions. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt" below and Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for more information.
Hurricane Ida
On August 29, 2021, Hurricane Ida made a landfall in Louisiana as a category 4 storm. Due to Hurricane Ida, several of our facilities in the region experienced disruption to their operations, resulting in lost production and sales and higher maintenance expense in the three months ended September 30, 2021. Our facilities impacted by Hurricane Ida have since resumed production.
Petro 2 Facility Flash Fire
In September 2021, Westlake Chemical OpCo LP's Petro 2 ethylene unit commenced turnaround activities. On September 27, 2021, shortly after the turnaround commenced, there was a flash fire at the quench tower of the Petro 2 facility. Several contractors working on the quench tower were injured. Although there was no sustained fire or offsite impact resulting from the incident and the quench tower did not sustain significant damage, due to the subsequent investigation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the duration of the turnaround has been extended and is now expected to conclude in December. There are five lawsuits pending in connection with the flash fire at the quench tower during the Petro 2 turnaround.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as "GAAP." For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as one that purports to measure historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that (1) excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statement of income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the registrant; or (2) includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented. In this report, we disclose non-GAAP financial measures, primarily earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). We define EBITDA as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The non-GAAP financial measures described in this Form 10-Q are not substitutes for the GAAP measures of earnings and cash flows.
EBITDA is included in this Form 10-Q because our management considers it an important supplemental measure of our performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry, some of which present EBITDA when reporting their results. We regularly evaluate our performance as compared to other companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates by using EBITDA. In addition, we utilize EBITDA in evaluating acquisition targets. Management also believes that EBITDA is a useful tool for measuring our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, and EBITDA is commonly used by us and our investors to measure our ability to service indebtedness. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of net income, income from operations and net cash provided by operating activities and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented for us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization and income taxes.
A reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, income from operations and net cash provided by operating activities is included in the "Results of Operations" section below.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net external sales
Vinyls
PVC, caustic soda and other $ 1,834  $ 1,116  $ 4,950  $ 3,333 
Building products 514  413  1,406  1,049 
Total Vinyls 2,348  1,529  6,356  4,382 
Olefins
Polyethylene 559  302  1,488  914 
Styrene, feedstock and other 148  67  427  243 
Total Olefins 707  369  1,915  1,157 
Total $ 3,055  $ 1,898  $ 8,271  $ 5,539 
Income (loss) from operations
Vinyls $ 601  $ 42  $ 1,236  $ 135 
Olefins 281  51  738  138 
Corporate and other (21) (14) (47) (22)
Total income from operations 861  79  1,927  251 
Interest expense (61) (37) (130) (108)
Other income, net 13  12  35  32 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 193  (15) 423  (75)
Net income 620  69  1,409  250 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 13  12  38  33 
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Corporation
$ 607  $ 57  $ 1,371  $ 217 
Diluted earnings per share $ 4.69  $ 0.45  $ 10.60  $ 1.69 
EBITDA (1)
$ 1,077  $ 287  $ 2,562  $ 860 
_____________
(1)See "Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income, Income from Operations and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities" below.
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Average
Sales Price 		Volume Average
Sales Price 		Volume
Product sales price and volume percentage change from prior-year period
Vinyls +53.0  % +0.5  % +41.5  % +3.5  %
Olefins +88.1  % +3.6  % +71.8  % -6.2  %
Company +59.8  % +1.1  % +47.8  % +1.5  %
Average Industry Prices (1)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Average domestic prices
Natural gas ($/MMBtu) (2)
4.0  2.0  3.2  1.9 
Ethane (cents/lb) (3)
11.7  7.4  9.5  6.2 
Propane (cents/lb) (4)
27.6  11.9  23.2  10.1 
Ethylene (cents/lb) (5)
48.0  19.3  45.3  15.4 
Polyethylene (cents/lb) (6)
109.0  61.0  95.3  54.1 
Styrene (cents/lb) (7)
82.0  53.8  83.0  54.8 
Caustic soda ($/short ton) (8)
825  697  743  681 
Chlorine ($/short ton) (9)
443  176  328  176 
PVC (cents/lb) (10)
109.0  73.3  102.3  70.6 
Average export prices
Polyethylene (cents/lb) (11)
86.0  45.7  84.0  41.2 
Caustic soda ($/short ton) (12)
364  260  315  261 
PVC (cents/lb) (13)
74.1  38.5  73.2  34.3 
_____________
(1)Industry pricing data was obtained through IHS Markit ("IHS"). We have not independently verified the data.
(2)Average Burner Tip contract prices of natural gas over the period.
(3)Average Mont Belvieu spot prices of purity ethane over the period.
(4)Average Mont Belvieu spot prices of non-TET propane over the period.
(5)Average North American spot prices of ethylene over the period.
(6)Average North American Net Transaction prices of polyethylene low density GP-Film grade over the period.
(7)Average North American contract prices of styrene over the period.
(8)Average USGC-CSLi index values for caustic soda over the period. As stated by IHS, "the caustic soda price listing represents the USGC-CSLi values. USGC-CSLi does not reflect contract price discounts, implementation lags, caps or other adjustments factors. Additionally, it is not intended to represent a simple arithmetic average of all market transactions occurring during the month. Rather, the USGC-CSLi is most representative of the month-to-month caustic soda price movement for contract volumes of liquid 50% caustic soda rather than the absolute value of contract prices at a particular point in time. It is intended to serve only as a benchmark."
(9)Average North American contract prices of chlorine over the period.
(10)Average North American contract prices of pipe grade polyvinyl chloride ("PVC") over the period. As stated by IHS, "the contract resin prices posted reflect an "index" or "market" for prices before discounts, rebates, incentives, etc."
(11)Average North American export price for low density polyethylene GP-Film grade over the period.
(12)Average North American low spot export prices of caustic soda over the period.
(13)Average North American spot export prices of PVC over the period.
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Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income, Income from Operations and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
The following table presents the reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, income from operations and net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, for each of the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 755  $ 357  $ 1,637  $ 866 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other (109) (230) (178) (462)
Deferred income taxes (26) (58) (50) (154)
Net income 620  69  1,409  250 
Less:
Other income, net
13  12  35  32 
Interest expense
(61) (37) (130) (108)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes
(193) 15  (423) 75 
Income from operations 861  79  1,927  251 
Add:
Depreciation and amortization 203  196  600  577 
Other income, net 13  12  35  32 
EBITDA $ 1,077  $ 287  $ 2,562  $ 860 
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Summary
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, net income attributable to Westlake was $607 million, or $4.69 per diluted share, on net sales of $3,055 million. This represents an increase in net income attributable to Westlake of $550 million, or $4.24 per diluted share, compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2020 net income attributable to Westlake of $57 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, on net sales of $1,898 million. Income from operations for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 was $861 million, a $782 million increase from income from operations of $79 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The increase in net income and income from operations was primarily due to significantly higher global sales prices and integrated margins for most of our major products, caused by the strong demand for our products resulting from continued improvement in global economic activity, strong residential construction and repair and remodeling markets in North America, and strong demand from the packaging and other consumer markets. In addition, the third quarter of 2021 net income and operating income were positively impacted by higher margin contribution on ethylene produced by our joint venture LACC, LLC ("LACC") and were negatively impacted by higher feedstock costs, fuel costs, selling, general and administrative expense. Net sales for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 increased by $1,157 million compared to net sales for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, mainly due to higher sales prices for our major products, partially offset by lower sales volumes for downstream building products.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net income attributable to Westlake was $1,371 million, or $10.60 per diluted share, on net sales of $8,271 million. This represents an increase in net income attributable to Westlake of $1,154 million, or $8.91 per diluted share, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 net income attributable to Westlake of $217 million, or $1.69 per diluted share, on net sales of $5,539 million. Income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1,927 million, a $1,676 million increase from income from operations of $251 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in net income and income from operations was primarily due to significantly higher global sales prices and integrated margins for most of our major products and higher sales volumes for downstream building products and PVC compounds, due to the strengthening of demand for our products resulting from continued improvement in global economic activity from the impact of COVID-19 in 2020, strong residential construction and repair and remodeling markets in North America, and strong demand from the packaging and other consumer markets. Net income and income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were positively impacted by higher margin contribution on ethylene produced by LACC. Net income and income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was negatively impacted by the shutdown of our production facilities in the southern United States due to weather-related events in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which resulted in lower production for many of our major products including polyethylene. In addition, net income and income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was negatively impacted by higher feedstock costs, fuel costs and selling, general and administrative expense. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 net income included an income tax rate benefit of $95 million resulting from the carryback of federal net operating losses permitted by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("the CARES Act"). Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased by $2,732 million compared to net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, mainly due to higher sales prices for our major products, as well as higher sales volumes for downstream building products and PVC compounds, partially offset by lower sales volumes for polyethylene.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Third Quarter 2021 Compared with Third Quarter 2020
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $1,157 million, or 61%, to $3,055 million in the third quarter of 2021 from $1,898 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily attributable to higher sales prices for our major products, partially offset by lower sales volumes for downstream building products. Average sales prices for the third quarter of 2021 increased by 60% as compared to the third quarter of 2020 due to the strong demand for our products resulting from the continued improvement of global economic activity, strong residential construction and repair and remodeling markets in North America, and strong demand from the packaging and other consumer markets. Sales volumes increased by 1% in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020.
Gross Profit. Gross profit margin percentage was 33% in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to 13% in the third quarter of 2020. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to higher sales prices and margins for our major products. Gross profit margin for the third quarter of 2021 was also positively impacted by higher margin contribution on ethylene produced by LACC and was negatively impacted by higher feedstock and fuel costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $14 million to $122 million in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to $108 million in the third quarter of 2020. This increase was mainly due to higher employee compensation, selling and consulting expenses.
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Amortization of Intangibles. Amortization expense was $29 million in the third quarter of 2021, which was comparable to the third quarter of 2020.
Restructuring, Transaction and Integration-Related Costs. The restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs of $6 million in the third quarter of 2021 primarily consisted of costs associated with our recent acquisitions. Restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs of $34 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily related to the closure of a non-integrated PVC plant located in Germany.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $24 million to $61 million in the third quarter of 2021 from $37 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily as a result of higher average debt outstanding in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020 and the settlement of interest rate lock arrangements associated with the issuance of the Notes.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net of $13 million in the third quarter of 2021 was comparable to the other income, net in the third quarter of 2020.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate was an expense of 23.7% for the third quarter of 2021 as compared to a benefit of 27.8% for the third quarter of 2020. The change in effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020 was primarily due to the income tax rate benefit in the third quarter of 2020 resulting from the carryback of federal net operating loss to taxable years that were taxed at the U.S. corporate tax rate of 35.0% as permitted under the CARES Act, partially offset by the reduction in the Internal Revenue Code Section 199 ("Section 199") domestic manufacturing deduction as a result of the net operating loss carryback.
Vinyls Segment
Net Sales. Net sales for the Vinyls segment increased by $819 million, or 54%, to $2,348 million in the third quarter of 2021 from $1,529 million in the third quarter of 2020. The increase was mainly due to higher sales prices for our major products, partially offset by lower downstream building products sales volumes, as compared to the prior-year period. Average sales prices for the Vinyls segment increased by 53% in the third quarter of 2021, as compared to the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to continued improvement in global economic activity and strong residential construction and repair and remodeling industry performance. Sales volumes for the Vinyls segment increased by 1% in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020.
Income from Operations. Income from operations for the Vinyls segment increased by $559 million to $601 million in the third quarter of 2021 from $42 million in the third quarter of 2020. This increase in income from operations was primarily due to significantly higher sales prices and margins for our major products, including PVC resin, resulting from continued improvement in global economic activity and strong residential construction and repair and remodeling industry performance. The third quarter of 2021 was also positively impacted by higher margin contribution on ethylene produced by LACC, partially offset by higher feedstock and fuel costs.
Olefins Segment
Net Sales. Net sales for the Olefins segment increased by $338 million, or 92%, to $707 million in the third quarter of 2021 from $369 million in the third quarter of 2020. Average sales prices for the Olefins segment increased by 88% in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020 primarily due to higher sales prices for our major products. The higher prices were driven by a shortage of ethylene from unplanned shutdowns of many plants in the industry due to the severe winter storm in the first quarter of 2021, and hurricanes in 2020 and 2021, and planned turnarounds compounded by continued improvement in global economic activity. Sales volumes for the Olefins segment increased by 4% in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020.
Income from Operations. Income from operations for the Olefins segment increased by $230 million to $281 million in the third quarter of 2021 from $51 million in the third quarter of 2020. This increase in income from operations was due to significantly higher sales prices and margins for our major products, mainly resulting from the ethylene shortage and continued improvement in global economic activity. The increase in income from operations versus the prior-year period was partially offset by higher feedstock and fuel costs. Trading activity for the third quarter of 2021 resulted in a gain of approximately $10 million primarily due to favorable derivative positions as compared to no net gain or loss for the third quarter of 2020.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net Sales. Net sales increased by $2,732 million, or 49%, to $8,271 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $5,539 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily attributable to higher sales prices for our major products as well as higher sales volumes for downstream building products and PVC compounds, partially offset by lower sales volumes for polyethylene. Average sales prices for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased by 48% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to the strengthening of demand for our products resulting from continued improvement in global economic activity, strong residential construction and repair and remodeling markets in North America, and strong demand from the packaging and other consumer markets. Sales volumes increased by 2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Gross Profit. Gross profit margin percentage was 29% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to 13% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to higher sales prices and margins for our major products, as well as the higher sales volumes for downstream building products and PVC compounds. Gross profit margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was also positively impacted by the margin contributed from LACC's produced ethylene. Gross profit margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was negatively impacted by the lost production due to weather-related events in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which resulted in lower plant operating rates, higher maintenance expense and lower production for polyethylene, as well as higher feedstock and fuel costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $51 million to $383 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $332 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was mainly due to higher employee compensation, selling and consulting expenses.
Amortization of Intangibles. Amortization expense was $83 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was comparable to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Restructuring, Transaction and Integration-Related Costs. The restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs of $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily consisted of costs associated with our recent acquisitions. Restructuring, transaction and integration-related costs of $36 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily related to the closure of a non-integrated PVC plant located in Germany.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by $22 million to $130 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $108 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of higher average debt outstanding in the third quarter of 2021 as compared to the third quarter of 2020 and the settlement of interest rate lock arrangements associated with the issuance of the Notes.
Other Income, Net. Other income, net of $35 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was comparable to other income, net in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Income Taxes. The effective income tax rate was an expense of 23.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to a benefit of 42.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change in effective tax rate in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to the income tax rate benefit in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 resulting from the carryback of federal net operating loss to taxable years that were taxed at the U.S. corporate tax rate of 35.0% as permitted under the CARES Act, partially offset by the reduction in the Section 199 domestic manufacturing deduction as a result of the net operating loss carryback.
Vinyls Segment
Net Sales. Net sales for the Vinyls segment increased by $1,974 million, or 45%, to $6,356 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $4,382 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to higher sales prices for our major products and higher sales volumes for downstream building products and PVC compounds, as compared to the prior-year period. The increase in prices were primarily due to continued improvement in global economic activity and strong residential construction and repair and remodeling industry performance. Average sales prices for the Vinyls segment increased by 42% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Sales volumes for the Vinyls segment increased by 4% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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Income from Operations. Income from operations for the Vinyls segment increased by $1,101 million to $1,236 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $135 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase in income from operations was primarily due to significantly higher sales prices for our major products, including PVC resin, and higher volumes for downstream building products and PVC compounds, resulting from continued improvement in global economic activity and strong residential construction and repair and remodeling industry performance, higher margin contribution from ethylene produced by LACC, partially offset by higher ethylene feedstock and fuel costs as well as the impacts of the weather related events in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Olefins Segment
Net Sales. Net sales for the Olefins segment increased by $758 million, or 66%, to $1,915 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $1,157 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to higher sales prices for our major products. Average sales prices for the Olefins segment increased by 72% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The higher prices were driven by a shortage of ethylene resulting from shutdowns of many plants in the in the southern United States due to the severe winter storm in the first quarter of 2021 and hurricanes in 2020 and in 2021 compounded by continued improvement in global economic activity. The higher feedstock cost also contributed to higher prices in the Olefins segment. Sales volumes for the Olefins segment decreased by 6% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily as a result of the lower polyethylene inventory levels, lower production and lower product availability resulting from the continuing inventory shortages.
Income from Operations. Income from operations for the Olefins segment increased by $600 million to $738 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 from $138 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase in income from operations was primarily due to significantly higher sales prices for our major products, mainly resulting from the ethylene shortage and continued improvement in global economic activity. The increase in income from operations versus the prior-year period was partially offset by the lower polyethylene sales volumes, lower product availability and by higher feedstock and fuel costs. Trading activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 resulted in a gain of approximately $26 million as compared to a gain of $1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
CASH FLOW DISCUSSION FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 AND 2020
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Operating activities provided cash of $1,637 million in the first nine months of 2021 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $866 million in the first nine months of 2020. The $771 million increase in cash flows from operating activities was mainly due to an increase in income from operations that was partially offset by working capital changes. Changes in components of working capital, which we define for purposes of this cash flow discussion as accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, less accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities, used cash of $381 million in the first nine months of 2021, compared to $120 million of cash used in the first nine months of 2020, an unfavorable change of $261 million. The majority of the unfavorable changes in the first nine months of 2021 were driven by higher accounts receivable and higher inventories, partially offset by higher accounts payable. The unfavorable change in accounts receivable was primarily driven by higher sales prices resulting in higher trade customer balances. The higher inventories and accounts payable in the first nine months of 2021 were primarily driven by higher inventory cost and an increase in operating activities, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities in the first nine months of 2021 was $842 million as compared to net cash used for investing activities of $366 million in the first nine months of 2020. The increase in investing activities in the first nine months of 2021 was primarily due to the acquisitions of LASCO and Dimex for $428 million, net of cash acquired. Capital expenditures were $414 million in the first nine months of 2021, which was higher by $11 million as compared to $403 million in the first nine months of 2020. Capital expenditures in the first nine months of 2021 and 2020 were primarily related to projects to improve production capacity or reduce costs, maintenance and safety projects and environmental projects at our various facilities. In the first nine months of 2021, we contributed $17 million to LACC and $2 million to an unconsolidated investee compared to return of investment of $44 million from LACC in the first nine months of 2020.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided for financing activities during the first nine months of 2021 was $1,487 million as compared to net cash used by financing activities of $14 million in the first nine months of 2020. The activities during the first nine months of 2021 were primarily related to the registered public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes, $350 million aggregate principal amount of 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes, $600 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes and $450 million aggregate principal amount of 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes and the payment of debt issuance costs of $18 million related to such Notes. The remaining activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to the $107 million payment of cash dividends, the $32 million payment of cash distributions to noncontrolling interests and the repurchase of shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $30 million. In the first nine months of 2020, out of an abundance of caution due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we borrowed $1,000 million under our revolving credit facility, which we subsequently repaid in June 2020. We also completed a registered public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes in June 2020. The remaining activities in the first nine months of 2020 were primarily related to the $102 million payment of cash dividends, the $39 million payment of cash distributions to noncontrolling interests, repurchases of our common stock of $54 million and $17 million representing repayment of short-term notes payable.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity and Financing Arrangements
Our principal sources of liquidity are from cash and cash equivalents, cash from operations, short-term borrowings under the Credit Agreement and our long-term financing.
In November 2014, our Board of Directors authorized a $250 million stock repurchase program (the "2014 Program"). In November 2015, our Board of Directors approved the expansion of the 2014 Program by an additional $150 million. In August 2018, our Board of Directors approved the further expansion of the existing 2014 Program by an additional $150 million. As of September 30, 2021, we had repurchased 7,431,520 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $449 million under the 2014 Program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $30 million under the 2014 Program. Purchases under the 2014 Program may be made either through the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Decisions regarding the amount and the timing of purchases under the 2014 Program will be influenced by our cash on hand, our cash flow from operations, general market conditions and other factors. The 2014 Program may be discontinued by our Board of Directors at any time.
On October 4, 2018, Westlake Chemical Partners LP ("Westlake Partners") and Westlake Partners GP, the general partner of Westlake Partners, entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with UBS Securities LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC to offer and sell WLK Partners' common units, from time to time, up to an aggregate offering amount of $50 million. This Equity Distribution Agreement was amended on February 28, 2020 to reference a new shelf registration for utilization under this agreement. No common units have been issued under this program as of September 30, 2021.
We believe that our sources of liquidity as described above are adequate to fund our normal operations and ongoing capital expenditures and turnaround activities (such as the planned ongoing turnaround of OpCo's Petro 2 ethylene unit in Lake Charles). Funding of any potential large expansions or potential acquisitions would likely necessitate, and therefore depend on, our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. We may not be able to access additional liquidity at cost effective interest rates due to the volatility of the commercial credit markets.
On August 19, 2021, we completed the registered public offering of the Notes. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt" below for more information.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of September 30, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $3,571 million.
Debt
As of September 30, 2021, our indebtedness totaled $5.2 billion. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of our long-term indebtedness. Defined terms used in this section have the definitions assigned to such terms in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Based on our current level of operations and unless we were to undertake a new expansion or large acquisition, we believe our cash flows from operations, available cash and available borrowings under the Credit Agreement will be adequate to meet our normal operating needs for the foreseeable future.
Credit Agreement
On July 24, 2018, we entered into a $1 billion revolving credit facility that is scheduled to mature on July 24, 2023 (the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement bears interest at either (a) LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% or (b) Alternate Base Rate plus a spread ranging from 0.00% to 0.75% in each case depending on the credit rating of the Company. As of September 30, 2021, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding letters of credit and had borrowing availability of $1 billion under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including a quarterly total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant. As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with the total leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant.
The Credit Agreement also contains certain events of default and if and for so long as certain events of default have occurred and are continuing, any overdue amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement will accrue interest at an increased rate, the lenders can terminate their commitments thereunder and payments of any outstanding amounts could be accelerated by the lenders. None of our subsidiaries are required to guarantee our obligations under the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement includes a $150 million sub-limit for letters of credit, and any outstanding letters of credit will be deducted from availability under the facility. The Credit Agreement also provides for a discretionary $50 million commitment for swingline loans to be provided on a same-day basis. We may also increase the size of the facility, in increments of at least $25 million, up to a maximum of $500 million, subject to certain conditions and if certain lenders agree to commit to such an increase.
3.60% Senior Notes due 2022
In July 2012, we issued $250 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes. We may optionally redeem the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to April 15, 2022 (three months prior to the maturity date) for 100% of the principal plus accrued interest and a discounted "make whole" payment. On or after April 15, 2022, we may optionally redeem the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes for 100% of the principal plus accrued interest. The holders of the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes).
0.875% Senior Notes due 2024
In August 2021, we completed the registered public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes. We may optionally redeem the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time on or after August 15, 2022 for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The holders of the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes).
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3.60% Senior Notes due 2026 and 5.0% Senior Notes due 2046
In August 2016, we completed the private offering of $750 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and $700 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes. In March 2017, the Company commenced registered exchange offers to exchange the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes for new notes that are identical in all material respects to the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, except that the offer and issuance of the new Securities and Exchange Commission-registered notes have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The exchange offers expired on April 24, 2017, and approximately 99.97% of the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes and 100% of the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes were exchanged. The notes that were not exchanged in the exchange offers have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the U.S. absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements or a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act or any state securities law.
Revenue Bonds
In December 1997, we entered into a loan agreement with a public trust established for public purposes for the benefit of the Parish of Calcasieu, Louisiana. The public trust issued $11 million principal amount of tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds in order to finance our construction of waste disposal facilities for an ethylene plant. The waste disposal revenue bonds expire in December 2027 and are subject to redemption and mandatory tender for purchase prior to maturity under certain conditions. Interest on the waste disposal revenue bonds accrues at a rate determined by a remarketing agent and is payable quarterly. The interest rate on the waste disposal revenue bonds at September 30, 2021 was 0.07% and at December 31, 2020 was 0.14%.
1.625% Senior Notes due 2029
In July 2019, we completed the registered public offering of €700 million aggregate principal amount of the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes due July 17, 2029. The Company received approximately $779 million of net proceeds from the offering. We may optionally redeem the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to April 17, 2029 (three months prior to the maturity date) for 100% of the principal plus accrued interest and a discounted "make whole" payment. On or after April 17, 2029, we may optionally redeem the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest. The holders of the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes).
3.375% Senior Notes due 2030
In June 2020, we completed the registered public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes due June 15, 2030. We may optionally redeem the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to March 15, 2030 (three months prior to the maturity date) for 100% of the principal plus accrued interest and a discounted "make whole" payment. On or after March 15, 2030, we may optionally redeem the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest. The holders of the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes).
3.50% 2032 GO Zone Refunding Bonds
In November 2017, the Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facility and Development Authority (the "Authority") completed the offering of $250 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% tax-exempt revenue refunding bonds due November 1, 2032 (the "Refunding Bonds"), the net proceeds of which were used to redeem $250 million aggregate principal amount of the Authority's 6 ¾% tax-exempt revenue bonds due November 1, 2032 issued by the Authority under the GO Zone Act in December 2007. In connection with the issuance of the Refunding Bonds, we issued $250 million of the 3.50% 2032 GO Zone Refunding Senior Notes. The Refunding Bonds are subject to optional redemption by the Authority upon the direction of the Company at any time on or after November 1, 2027, for 100% of the principal plus accrued interest.
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2.875% Senior Notes due 2041
In August 2021, we completed the registered public offering of $350 million aggregate principal amount of 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes. We may optionally redeem the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to February 15, 2041 (six months prior to the maturity date) for a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments on the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes being redeemed that would be due if the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes matured on February 15, 2041, discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis, plus 20 basis points, and plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may optionally redeem the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes at any time on or after February 15, 2041 for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The holders of the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes).
4.375% Senior Notes due 2047
In November 2017, we completed the registered public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.375% Senior Notes due November 15, 2047. We may optionally redeem the 4.375% 2047 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to May 15, 2047 (six months prior to the maturity date) for 100% of the principal plus accrued interest and a discounted "make whole" payment. On or after May 15, 2047, we may optionally redeem the 4.375% 2047 Senior Notes for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest. The holders of the 4.375% 2047 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 4.375% 2047 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 4.375% 2047 Senior Notes).
3.125% Senior Notes due 2051
In August 2021, we completed the registered public offering of $600 million aggregate principal amount of 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes. We may optionally redeem the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to February 15, 2051 (six months prior to the maturity date) for a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments on the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes being redeemed that would be due if the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes matured on February 15, 2051, discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis, plus 25 basis points, and plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may optionally redeem the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes at any time on or after February 15, 2051 for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The holders of the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes).
3.375% Senior Notes due 2061
In August 2021, we completed the registered public offering of $450 million aggregate principal amount of 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes. We may optionally redeem the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes at any time and from time to time prior to February 15, 2061 (six months prior to the maturity date) for a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments on the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes being redeemed that would be due if the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes matured on February 15, 2061, discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis, plus 25 basis points, and plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may optionally redeem the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes at any time on or after February 15, 2061 for 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. The holders of the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes may require us to repurchase the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes at a price of 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of repurchase, upon the occurrence of both a "change of control" and, within 60 days of such change of control, a "below investment grade rating event" (as such terms are defined in the indenture governing the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes).
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The indenture governing the 3.60% 2022 Senior Notes, the 0.875% 2024 Senior Notes, the 3.60% 2026 Senior Notes, the 1.625% 2029 Senior Notes, the 3.375% 2030 Senior Notes, the 3.50% 2032 GO Zone Refunding Senior Notes, the 2.875% 2041 Senior Notes, the 5.0% 2046 Senior Notes, the 4.375% 2047 Senior Notes, the 3.125% 2051 Senior Notes, and the 3.375% 2061 Senior Notes contains customary events of default and covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict us and certain of our subsidiaries' ability to (1) incur certain secured indebtedness, (2) engage in certain sale and leaseback transactions and (3) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of its assets.
8.73% 2022 RS Cogen Debt
In July 2000, RS Cogen, our 50%-owned joint venture, entered into a $75 million aggregate principal amount senior credit facility institutional loan at an interest rate of 8.73%. All of the assets of RS Cogen are pledged as collateral under its senior credit facility. Borrowings under this senior credit facility are repayable quarterly over the remaining term. The Company does not guarantee RS Cogen's debt commitments and RS Cogen is not a guarantor for any of the Company's other long-term debt obligations. The balance outstanding under this loan was $24 million at September 30, 2021.
2026 Term Loans
In March 2021, Taiwan Chlorine Industries, Ltd., our 60%-owned joint venture, entered into five-year loan agreements for a maximum total limit of approximately $23 million. The interest rate on these loans at September 30, 2021 was 0.2%. The unsecured loans include a government rate subsidy and have a 5-year maturity. The balance outstanding under these loans was approximately $6 million at September 30, 2021.
As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all of our long-term debt covenants.
Westlake Chemical Partners LP Credit Arrangements
Our subsidiary, Westlake Chemical Finance Corporation, is the lender party to a $600 million revolving credit facility with Westlake Partners, originally entered into on April 29, 2015 and amended in August and December 2017. In addition, on March 19, 2020, Westlake Partners and Westlake Chemical Finance Corporation entered into an amendment to the revolving credit facility, to extend the maturity date to March 19, 2023 and add a phase-out provision for LIBOR, which is to be replaced by an alternate benchmark rate. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.0% to 3.0% (depending on Westlake Partners' consolidated leverage ratio), payable quarterly. Westlake Partners may pay all or a portion of the interest on any borrowings in kind, in which case any such amounts would be added to the principal amount of the loan. As of September 30, 2021, outstanding borrowings under the credit facility totaled $377 million and bore interest at the LIBOR rate plus 2.0%.
Our subsidiary, Westlake Polymers LLC, is the administrative agent to a $600 million revolving credit facility with Westlake Chemical OpCo LP ("OpCo"). The revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature in September 2023. As of September 30, 2021, outstanding borrowings under the credit facility totaled $23 million and bore interest at the LIBOR rate plus 2.0%, which is accrued in arrears quarterly.
We consolidate Westlake Partners and OpCo for financial reporting purposes as we have a controlling financial interest. As such, the revolving credit facilities described above between our subsidiaries and Westlake Partners and OpCo are eliminated upon consolidation.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor provisions for forward-looking information. Certain of the statements contained in this report are forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report that address activities, events or developments that we expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "believes," "intends," "may," "should," "could," "anticipates," "expected" or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements relate to matters such as:
•future operating rates, margins, cash flows and demand for our products;
•industry market outlook, including the price of crude oil;
•widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and efforts to contain its transmission;
•our plans to respond to the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, including planned reductions of costs and increases of operating efficiencies, as well as the duration of the planned ongoing turnaround at our Petro 2 ethylene unit;
•production capacities;
•the impact of ongoing supply chain constraints and workforce availability (including any impacts as a result of vaccination requirements) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic;
•currency devaluation;
•our ability to borrow additional funds under our credit agreement;
•our ability to meet our liquidity needs;
•our ability to meet debt obligations under our debt instruments;
•our intended quarterly dividends;
•future capacity additions and expansions in the industries in which we compete;
•results of acquisitions, including the results, effects and benefits of the of the Boral Target Companies, LASCO and Dimex;
•timing, funding and results of capital projects;
•pension plan obligations, funding requirements and investment policies;
•compliance with present and future environmental regulations and costs associated with environmentally related penalties, capital expenditures, remedial actions and proceedings, including any new laws, regulations or treaties that may come into force to limit or control carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions or to address other issues of climate change;
•effects of pending legal proceedings; and
•timing of and amount of capital expenditures.
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We have based these statements on assumptions and analyses in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe were appropriate in the circumstances when the statements were made. Forward-looking statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such statements. While it is not possible to identify all factors, we continue to face many risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially are the risks and uncertainties discussed under "Risk Factors" in the 2020 Form 10-K and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC including, but not limited to, the following:
•the ultimate timing, outcome and results of integrating the operations of the Boral Target Companies, LASCO and Dimex and the ultimate outcome of our operating efficiencies applied to the products and services of the Boral Target Companies, LASCO and Dimex; the effects of the Acquisitions, including the combined company's future financial condition, results of operations, strategy and plans; and expected synergies and other benefits from the Acquisitions and our ability to realize such synergies and other benefits;
•general economic and business conditions;
•the cyclical nature of the chemical and building products industries;
•the availability, cost and volatility of raw materials and energy;
•uncertainties associated with the United States, European and worldwide economies, including those due to political tensions and unrest in the Middle East and elsewhere;
•uncertainties associated with pandemic infectious diseases, particularly COVID-19;
•current and potential governmental regulatory actions in the United States and other countries;
•industry production capacity and operating rates;
•the supply/demand balance for our products;
•competitive products and pricing pressures;
•instability in the credit and financial markets;
•access to capital markets;
•terrorist acts;
•operating interruptions (including leaks, explosions, fires, weather-related incidents, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, labor difficulties, transportation interruptions, spills and releases and other environmental risks);
•changes in laws or regulations, including trade policies;
•technological developments;
•foreign currency exchange risks;
•our ability to implement our business strategies; and
•creditworthiness of our customers.
Many of such factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Any of the factors, or a combination of these factors, could materially affect our future results of operations and the ultimate accuracy of the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance, and our actual results and future developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Management cautions against putting undue reliance on forward-looking statements or projecting any future results based on such statements or present or prior earnings levels. Every forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Commodity Price Risk
A substantial portion of our products and raw materials (such as ethane, natural gas and propane) are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market supply and demand fundamentals change. Accordingly, product margins and the level of our profitability tend to fluctuate with changes in the business cycle. We try to protect against such instability through various business strategies. Our strategies include ethylene product feedstock flexibility and moving downstream into the olefins and vinyls products where pricing is more stable. We use derivative instruments in certain instances to reduce price volatility risk on feedstocks and products. Based on our open derivative positions at September 30, 2021, a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price of a gallon of ethane would have increased our income before income taxes by $33 million and a hypothetical $0.10 increase in the price of a MMBtu of natural gas would have decreased our income before income taxes by $1 million.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk with respect to fixed and variable rate debt. At September 30, 2021, we had $5,285 million aggregate principal amount of fixed rate debt. We are subject to the risk of higher interest cost if and when this debt is refinanced. If interest rates were 1.0% higher at the time of refinancing, our annual interest expense would increase by approximately $53 million. Also, at September 30, 2021, we had $17 million principal amount of variable rate debt outstanding, which primarily represents the tax-exempt waste disposal revenue bonds. We do not currently hedge our variable interest rate debt, but we may do so in the future. The average variable interest rate for our variable rate debt of $17 million as of September 30, 2021 was 0.11%. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in the average interest rate on our variable rate debt would not result in a material change in our annual interest expense. During June and July 2021, in order to manage the interest rate risk associated with potential borrowings, we entered into treasury lock agreements to fix the treasury yield component of the interest cost. These agreements settled in August 2021 on the issuance of the Notes.
LIBOR is used as a reference rate for borrowings under our revolving line of credit. The phase-out of LIBOR is set to commence at the end of 2021 and conclude by June 30, 2023. We do not expect the impact of the LIBOR phase out to be material as we do not have any external LIBOR-based borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2021.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our international operations. However, the effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates caused by our international operations has not had a material impact on our overall operating results. We may engage in activities to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk in certain instances through the use of currency exchange derivative instruments, including forward exchange contracts, cross-currency swaps or spot purchases. A forward exchange contract obligates us to exchange predetermined amounts of specified currencies at a stated exchange rate on a stated date. A cross-currency swap obligates us to make periodic payments in the local currency and receive periodic payments in our functional currency based on the notional amount of the instrument. In January 2018, we entered into foreign exchange hedging contracts designated as net investment hedges to reduce the volatility in stockholders' equity from changes in currency exchange rates associated with our net investments in foreign operations. The notional value of the net investment hedges was €220 million at September 30, 2021. The arrangement is scheduled to mature in 2026.
In July 2019, we completed the registered public offering of €700 million aggregate principal amount of the 1.625% Senior Notes due 2029. We designated this euro-denominated debt as a non-derivative net investment hedge of a portion of our net investments in euro functional-currency denominated subsidiaries to offset foreign currency fluctuations.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective with respect to (i) the accumulation and communication to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we submit under the Exchange Act, and (ii) the recording, processing, summarizing and reporting of such information within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The 2020 Form 10-K, filed on February 24, 2021, contained a description of various legal proceedings in which we are involved. See below and Note 14 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for description of certain of those proceedings, which information is incorporated by reference herein.
We and other caustic soda producers were named as defendants in multiple purported class action civil lawsuits filed since March 2019 in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York. The lawsuits allege the defendants conspired to fix, raise, maintain and stabilize the price of caustic soda, restrict domestic (U.S.) supply of caustic soda and allocate caustic soda customers. The other defendants named in the lawsuits are Olin Corporation, K.A. Steel Chemicals (a wholly owned subsidiary of Olin), Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Occidental Chemical Corporation d/b/a OxyChem, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Shintech Incorporated, Formosa Plastics Corporation, and Formosa Plastics Corporation, U.S.A. Each of the lawsuits is filed on behalf of the respective named plaintiff or plaintiffs and a putative class comprised of either direct purchasers or indirect purchasers of caustic soda in the U.S. The plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages and injunctive relief. The defendants' joint motion to dismiss the direct purchaser lawsuits was denied and the cases have proceeded to discovery. Beginning in October 2020, similar class action proceedings were also filed in Canada before the Superior Court of Quebec as well as before the Federal Court. These proceedings seek the certification or authorization of a class action on behalf of all residents of Canada who purchased caustic soda (including, in one of the cases, those who merely purchased products containing caustic soda) from October 1, 2015 through the present or such date deemed appropriate by the court. At this time, we are not able to estimate the impact, if any, that these lawsuits could have on our consolidated financial statements either in the current period or in future periods.
From time to time, we receive notices or inquiries from government entities regarding alleged violations of environmental laws and regulations pertaining to, among other things, the disposal, emission and storage of chemical substances, including hazardous wastes. Pursuant to Item 103 of the SEC's Regulation S-K, the following environmental matters involve a governmental authority as a party to the proceedings and potential monetary sanctions that we believe could exceed $1 million (which is less than one percent of our current assets on a consolidated basis as of September 30, 2021):
•For several years, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") has been conducting an enforcement initiative against petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants with respect to emissions from flares. On April 21, 2014, we received a Clean Air Act Section 114 Information Request from the EPA which sought information regarding flares at the Calvert City facility and certain Lake Charles facilities. The EPA has informed us that the information provided leads the EPA to believe that some of the flares are out of compliance with applicable standards. The EPA has indicated that it is seeking a consent decree that would obligate us to take corrective actions relating to the alleged noncompliance. We believe the resolution of these matters may require the payment of a monetary sanction in excess of $1 million. We do not believe that the resolution of these flare matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of risk factors, please read Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in the 2020 Form 10-K and the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 (the "Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q"). The risks described in the 2020 Form 10-K and the Second Quarter 2021 Form 10-Q and in other documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flow, liquidity or financial condition.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table provides information on our purchase of equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.
Period
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
Average Price
Paid Per
Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (2)
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (2)
July 2021 175  $ 90.04  —  $ 131,155,000 
August 2021 148,834  84.04  148,598  118,667,000 
September 2021 207,876  84.54  207,202  101,151,000 
356,885  $ 84.34  355,800 
_____________
(1)    Includes 175, 236 and 674 shares withheld in July 2021, August 2021 and September 2021, respectively, in satisfaction of withholding taxes due upon the vesting of restricted stock units granted to our employees under the 2013 Plan.
(2)    In November 2014, our Board of Directors authorized a $250 million stock repurchase program (the "2014 Program"). In November 2015, our Board of Directors approved the expansion of the 2014 Program by an additional $150 million. In August 2018, our Board of Directors approved the further expansion of the existing 2014 Program by an additional $150 million. As of September 30, 2021, 7,431,520 shares of our common stock had been acquired at an aggregate purchase price of approximately $449 million under the 2014 Program. Transaction fees and commissions are not reported in the average price paid per share in the table above. Decisions regarding the amount and the timing of purchases under the 2014 Program will be influenced by our cash on hand, our cash flows from operations, general market conditions and other factors. The 2014 Program may be discontinued by our Board of Directors at any time.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No. Exhibit Index
31.1†
31.2†
32.1#
101.INS† XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101

______________________________
†    Filed herewith.
#    Furnished herewith.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


WESTLAKE CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Date: November 3, 2021 By:
/S/    ALBERT CHAO        
Albert Chao
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 3, 2021 By:
/S/    M. STEVEN BENDER        
M. Steven Bender
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

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