The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 1:
|
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
|
Description of Business
vTv Therapeutics Inc. (the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “we” or “us”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware in April 2015. The Company was formed to discover and develop orally administered small molecule drug candidates to fill significant unmet medical needs.
Principles of Consolidation
vTv Therapeutics Inc. is a holding company and its principal asset is a controlling equity interest in vTv Therapeutics LLC (“vTv LLC”), the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, which is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of orally administered small molecule drug candidates to fill significant unmet medical needs.
The Company has determined that vTv LLC is a variable-interest entity (“VIE”) for accounting purposes and that vTv Therapeutics Inc. is the primary beneficiary of vTv LLC because (through its managing member interest in vTv LLC and the fact that the senior management of vTv Therapeutics Inc. is also the senior management of vTv LLC) it has the power and benefits to direct all of the activities of vTv LLC, which include those that most significantly impact vTv LLC’s economic performance. vTv Therapeutics Inc. has therefore consolidated vTv LLC’s results pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification Topic 810, “Consolidation” in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. As of March 31, 2017, various holders own non-voting interests in vTv LLC, representing a 70.5% economic interest in vTv LLC, effectively restricting vTv Therapeutics Inc.’s interest to 29.5% of vTv LLC’s economic results, subject to increase in the future, should vTv Therapeutics Inc. purchase additional non-voting common units (“vTv Units”) of vTv LLC, or should the holders of vTv Units decide to exchange such units (together with shares of Class B Common Stock) for shares of Class A Common Stock (or cash) pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (as defined in Note 7). vTv Therapeutics Inc. has provided financial and other support to vTv LLC in the form of its purchase of vTv Units with the net proceeds of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in 2015 and its agreeing to be a co-borrower under the Venture Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Silicon Valley Bank (together, the “Lenders”) which was entered into in 2016. vTv Therapeutics Inc. will not be required to provide financial or other support for vTv LLC outside of its obligations pertaining to the Loan Agreement as a co-borrower. However, vTv Therapeutics Inc. will control its business and other activities through its managing member interest in vTv LLC, and its management is the management of vTv LLC. The creditors of vTv LLC do not have any recourse to the general credit of vTv Therapeutics Inc. except as allowed under the provisions of the Loan Agreement. Nevertheless, because vTv Therapeutics Inc. will have no material assets other than its interests in vTv LLC, any financial difficulties at vTv LLC could result in vTv Therapeutics Inc. recognizing a loss.
Note 2:
|
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. These unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2017 and the results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. The December 31, 2016 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet included herein was derived from the audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures or notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.
8
The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes to the financial statements related to the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. Interim results
are not necessarily indicative of results for an entire year.
The Company does not have any components of other comprehensive income recorded within its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and, therefore, does not separately present a statement of comprehensive income in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to the grant date fair value of equity awards, the fair value of the Class B Common Stock, the useful lives of property and equipment, the fair value of derivative liabilities, and the fair value of the Company’s debt, among others. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash on deposit with multiple financial institutions. The balances of these cash accounts frequently exceed insured limits.
There were no accounts receivable balances outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
One and two customers represented 100% of the revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers any highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.
Collaboration Revenue
The majority of the Company’s collaboration revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2016 is related to an exclusive global license agreement (the “License Agreement”), which the Company entered into on March 6, 2015 with Calithera Biosciences, Inc. (“Calithera”), granting Calithera exclusive world-wide rights to research, develop and commercialize the Company’s portfolio of hexokinase II inhibitors. Under the terms of the License Agreement, Calithera paid the Company an initial license fee of $0.6 million and potential development and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $30.5 million for the first licensed product, an additional $77.0 million in potential sales-based milestones, as well as royalty payments, based on tiered sales of the first commercialized licensed product. In addition, the Company recognized a total of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 for the costs associated with up to four full-time employees for the Company to develop additional hexokinase inhibitors. If Calithera develops additional licensed products, after achieving regulatory approval of the first licensed product, Calithera would owe additional regulatory milestone payments and additional royalty payments based on sales of such additional licensed products.
Revenue Recognition
The Company uses the revenue recognition guidance established by ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” The Company recognizes revenue when: 1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; 2) the service has been provided to the customer; 3) collection of the fee is reasonably assured; and 4) the amount of the fee to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable. In determining the accounting for collaboration and alliance agreements, the Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 605, Subtopic 25, “Multiple-Element Arrangements” (“ASC 605-25”) and ASC 808 (“Collaborative Arrangements”). ASC 605-25 provides guidance on whether an arrangement that involves multiple revenue-generating activities or deliverables should be divided into separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes and, if division is required, how the arrangement consideration should be allocated among the separate units of accounting. If a deliverable has value on a stand-alone basis, the Company treats the
9
deliverable as a separate unit of accounting. If the arrangement constitutes separate units of accounting according to the separation criteria of ASC 605-25, the consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accou
nting and the applicable revenue recognition criteria is applied to each unit. The Company determines how to allocate amounts received under agreements among the separate units based on the respective selling price of each unit. If the arrangement constitu
tes a single unit of accounting, the revenue recognition policy must be determined for the entire arrangement and the consideration received is recognized over the period of inception through the date the last deliverable within the single unit of accounti
ng is expected to be delivered.
Collaboration research and development revenue is earned and recognized as research is performed and related expenses are incurred. Non-refundable upfront fees are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into revenue as license fees and milestones from collaborations on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of the Company’s substantive performance obligations. If the Company does not have substantive performance obligations, it recognizes non-refundable upfront fees into revenue ratably over the period during which the product deliverable is provided to the customer.
Revenue for non-refundable payments based on the achievement of milestone events under collaborative arrangements is recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 605, Subtopic 28, “Milestone Method” (“ASC 605-28”). Milestone events under the Company’s collaboration agreements may include research, development, regulatory, commercialization, and sales events. Under ASC 605-28, a milestone payment is recognized as revenue when the applicable event is achieved if the event meets the definition of a milestone and the milestone is determined to be substantive. ASC 605-28 defines a milestone event as an event having all of the following characteristics: (1) substantive uncertainty regarding achievement of the milestone event exists at the inception of the arrangement; (2) the event can only be achieved based, in whole or in part, on either the Company’s performance or a specific outcome resulting from the Company’s performance; and (3) if achieved, the event will result in additional payment due to the Company. The Company also treats events that can only be achieved based, in whole or in part, on either a third party’s performance or a specific outcome resulting from a third party’s performance as milestone events if the criteria of ASC 605-28 are otherwise satisfied.
Research and development costs that are reimbursable under collaboration agreements are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 605, Subtopic 45, “Principal-Agent Considerations.” Amounts reimbursed under a cost-sharing arrangement are reflected as reductions of research and development expense.
Research and Development
Major components of research and development costs include cash and share-based compensation, depreciation expense on research and development property and equipment, costs of preclinical studies, clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities costs, overhead costs, regulatory and compliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
The Company records accruals based on estimates of the services received, efforts expended and amounts owed pursuant to contracts with numerous contract research organizations. In the normal course of business, the Company contracts with third parties to perform various clinical study activities in the ongoing development of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation and variation from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events and the completion of portions of the clinical study or similar conditions. The objective of the Company’s accrual policy is to match the recording of expenses in its financial statements to the actual services received and efforts expended. As such, expense accruals related to clinical studies are recognized based on the Company’s estimate of the degree of completion of the event or events specified in the specific clinical study.
The Company records nonrefundable advance payments it makes for future research and development activities as prepaid expenses. Prepaid expenses are recognized as expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as the Company receives the related goods or services.
Share-Based Compensation
Compensation expense for share-based compensation awards issued is based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant, and compensation expense is recognized for those awards earned over the service period. The grant date fair value of stock option awards is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. Due to the lack of sufficient historical trading information with respect to its own shares, the Company estimates expected volatility based on a portfolio of selected stocks of companies believed to have market and economic characteristics similar to its own. The risk free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair value of restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grants are based on the market value of our Class A Common Stock
10
on the date of grant. The Company also estimates the amount of share-based awards that are expected to be forfeited based on historical employee turnover rates.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers”, that outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The ASU is based on the core principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the new standard.
In addition, in March, April, and May 2016, the FASB issued final amendments to clarify the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations, identifying performance obligations and the accounting for licenses of intellectual property, and narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients, respectively.
This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 including interim periods within that reporting period. To date, the Company has not generated any revenue from drug sales and its ability to recognize revenue from its collaboration and licensing agreements is contingent upon its ability to enter into such agreements in the future or the clinical success of investigational drug products subject to its current agreements. As such, the Company will continue to evaluate this guidance to determine the Company’s adoption method and the effect it will have on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements based on its potential future revenue sources.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Lease (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which increases transparency and comparability among companies accounting for lease transactions. The most significant change of this update will require the recognition by a lessee of lease assets and liabilities on its balance sheet for operating lease arrangements with lease terms greater than 12 months. This update will require a modified retrospective application which includes a number of optional practical expedients related to the identification and classification of leases commenced before the effective date. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 18, 2018. The adoption of this guidance will result in the recognition of additional assets and liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases within its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 on a prospective basis and will continue to estimate forfeitures of outstanding awards throughout the requisite service period. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 3:
|
Share-Based Compensation
|
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued non-qualified stock option awards and restricted stock units to certain employees and directors of the Company. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for its outstanding stock option awards of approximately $6.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of option grants during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $4.19 and $4.57 per option, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock option awards outstanding at March 31, 2017 was $0.7 million.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated using the following assumptions:
|
For the three months ended March 31,
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
Expected volatility
|
84.22% - 84.93%
|
|
|
86.54% - 87.23%
|
|
Expected life of option, in years
|
|
6.0
|
|
|
5.8 - 6.0
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
2.05% - 2.24%
|
|
|
1.38% - 1.42%
|
|
Expected dividend yield
|
|
0.00%
|
|
|
|
0.00%
|
|
11
The following table summarizes the activity related to the stock option awards for the three months ended March 31, 2017:
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Weighted-
Average Exercise Price
|
|
Awards outstanding at December 31, 2016
|
|
1,096,101
|
|
|
$
|
10.68
|
|
Granted
|
|
823,000
|
|
|
|
5.81
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
(4,000
|
)
|
|
|
6.83
|
|
Awards outstanding at March 31, 2017
|
|
1,915,101
|
|
|
$
|
8.59
|
|
Options exercisable at March 31, 2017
|
|
363,386
|
|
|
$
|
10.98
|
|
Weighted average remaining contractual term
|
8.5 Years
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2017
|
|
1,788,961
|
|
|
$
|
8.74
|
|
Weighted average remaining contractual term
|
9.1 Years
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table summarizes the activity related to the awards of RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2017:
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Weighted-
Average Grant Date Fair Value
|
|
Awards outstanding at December 31, 2016
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Granted
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
5.81
|
|
Awards outstanding at March 31, 2017
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
$
|
5.81
|
|
RSUs vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2017
|
|
33,660
|
|
|
$
|
5.81
|
|
As of March 31, 2017, the Company had total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for its outstanding RSU awards of approximately $0.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of the RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2017 was $0.2 million.
Compensation expense related to the grants of stock options and RSUs is included in research and development and general and administrative expense as follows (in thousands):
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
Research and development
|
$
|
277
|
|
|
$
|
230
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
462
|
|
|
|
377
|
|
Total share-based compensation expense
|
$
|
739
|
|
|
$
|
607
|
|
Note 4: Notes Payable
Notes payable consist of the following (in thousands):
|
March 31, 2017
|
|
|
December 31, 2016
|
|
Notes payable under the Loan Agreement
|
$
|
20,000
|
|
|
$
|
12,500
|
|
Less: Debt discount
|
|
(1,239
|
)
|
|
|
(1,442
|
)
|
Total notes payable
|
$
|
18,761
|
|
|
$
|
11,058
|
|
On October 28, 2016, the Company and vTv LLC entered into the Loan Agreement under which the Company and vTv LLC may borrow up to $25.0 million in three tranches of $12.5 million, $7.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively.
The Company borrowed the first tranche of $12.5 million upon closing of the transaction on October 28, 2016 and the second tranche of $7.5 million on March 24, 2017. Subject to certain customary funding conditions, the third tranche of $5.0 million is available for borrowing by the Company no later than June 30, 2017. Availability of the third tranche is subject to receipt of an executed term sheet setting forth certain agreed upon upfront and clinical and regulatory milestone payments for the licensing or purchase of one of the Company’s main drug candidates.
Each loan tranche bears interest at a floating rate equal to 10.5% plus the amount by which the one-month London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) exceeds 0.5%.
The Company has agreed to repay the first tranche of $12.5 million on an interest only basis monthly until May 1, 2018 followed by equal monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest through the scheduled maturity date for the first tranche loan
12
on May 1, 2020. In addition, a final payment for the first tranche loan equal to $0.8 million will be due on May 1, 2020, or such earlier date specified in the Loan Agreement. The Company has agreed to repay the second tranche of $7.5 millio
n on an interest only basis monthly until October 1, 2018 followed by equal monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest through the scheduled maturity date for the second tranche loan on October 1, 2020. In addition, a final payment for the second
tranche loan equal to $0.5 million will be due on October 1, 2020, or such earlier date specified in the Loan Agreement.
The Company has agreed to repay any amounts advanced under the third tranche of $5.0 million, in 18 monthly payments of interest only followed by 24 equal monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest through the scheduled maturity date for such loans which is 42 months following the date the Company draws down the third tranche loan. In addition, if borrowed, a final payment equal to $0.3 million will be due on the scheduled maturity date for the third tranche loan, or on such earlier date specified in the Loan Agreement.
If the Company repays all or a portion of the loan prior to the applicable maturity date, it will pay the Lenders a prepayment penalty fee, based on a percentage of the then outstanding principal balance equal to 4.0% during the first 18 months following the funding of the second tranche and 2.0% thereafter.
The Company’s obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of its assets other than its intellectual property. Subject to certain conditions related to the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial of
azeliragon
, the Company may be required to grant a security interest in its intellectual property. The Company has agreed not to pledge or otherwise encumber its intellectual property assets, subject to certain exceptions.
The Loan Agreement includes customary affirmative and restrictive covenants,
including, but not limited to, restrictions on the payment of dividends or other equity distributions and the incurrence of debt or liens upon the assets of the Company or its subsidiaries. The Loan Agreement
does not contain any financial maintenance covenants. The Loan Agreement includes customary events of default, including payment defaults, covenant defaults, and material adverse change default. Upon the occurrence of an event of default and following any applicable cure periods, a default interest rate of an additional 5% will be applied to the outstanding loan balances, and the Lenders may declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the Loan Agreement.
In connection with the Loan Agreement, the Company issued and is obligated to issue to the Lenders warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (the “Warrants”). On October 28, 2016, the Company issued Warrants to purchase 152,580 shares of its Class A Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $6.39 per share, which aggregate exercise price represents 6.0% of the principal amount borrowed under the first tranche of the Loan Agreement and 3.0% of the amount available under the second tranche of the Loan Agreement. Additionally, upon funding of the second tranche on March 24, 2017, the Company issued Warrants to purchase 38,006 shares of its Class A Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $5.92 per share, which aggregate exercise price represents 3.0% of the amount available under the second tranche of the Loan Agreement. To the extent that the third tranche is borrowed under the Loan Agreement, the Company is obligated to issue to the Lenders Warrants with respect to a number of shares such that the aggregate exercise price of such warrants is equal to 6.0% of the third loan tranche upon funding of the third tranche. In each instance, the Warrants have or will have an exercise price equal to the lower of (a) the volume weighted average price per share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, as reported on the principal stock exchange on which the Company’s Class A Common Stock is listed, for 10 trading days prior to the issuance of the applicable Warrants or (b) the closing price of a share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock on the trading day prior to the issuance of the applicable Warrants. The Warrants will expire seven years from their date of issuance.
The Company incurred $0.7 million of costs in connection with the Loan Agreement. These costs, along with the allocated fair value of the Warrants issued for the first and second tranches which were treated as a debt discount, and are offset against the carrying value of the notes payable in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and will be recognized as interest expense over the term of each applicable tranche using the effective interest method. The final payments for the first and second loan tranches will be accrued as additional interest expense, using the effective interest method, over the term of the relevant loan tranche.
The fair value of the Company’s notes payable is considered to approximate its carrying value because it bears interest at a variable interest rate.
Note 5:
|
Commitments and Contingencies
|
Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. If a specific contingent liability is determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues and discloses the amount. The Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.
13
Columbia University Agreement
In May 2015, the Company entered into a worldwide exclusive agreement with Columbia University (“Columbia”) to license certain intellectual property from Columbia. Under the agreement, the Company is obligated to pay to Columbia (1) an annual fee of $0.1 million from 2015 through 2021, (2) a potential regulatory milestone payment of $0.8 million and (3) potential royalty payments at a single digit royalty rate based on net sales of licensed products as defined in the agreement.
Novo Nordisk
In February 2007, the Company entered into an Agreement Concerning Glucokinase Activator (“GKA”) Project with Novo Nordisk A/S (the “Novo License Agreement”) whereby we obtained an exclusive, worldwide, sublicensable license under certain Novo Nordisk intellectual property rights to discover, develop, manufacture, have manufactured, use and commercialize products for the prevention, treatment, control, mitigation or palliation of human or animal diseases or conditions. As part of this license grant, the Company obtained certain worldwide rights to Novo Nordisk’s GKA program, including rights to preclinical and clinical compounds such as
TTP399
. Under the terms of the Novo License Agreement, the Company has additional potential developmental and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $115.0 million for approval of a product. The Company may also be obligated to pay an additional $75.0 million in potential sales-based milestones, as well as royalty payments, at mid-single digit royalty rates, based on tiered sales of commercialized licensed products.
Note 6:
|
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
|
The Company is subject to the Exchange Agreement with respect to the vTv Units representing the 70.5% noncontrolling interest in vTv LLC outstanding as of March 31, 2017 (see Note 7). The Exchange Agreement requires the surrender of an equal number of vTv Units and Class B Common Stock for (i) shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis or (ii) cash (based on the fair market value of the Class A Common Stock as determined pursuant to the Exchange Agreement), at the Company’s option (as the managing member of vTv LLC), subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications. The exchange value is determined based on a 20 day volume weighted average price of the Class A Common Stock as defined in the Exchange Agreement, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications.
The redeemable noncontrolling interest is recognized at the higher of (1) the initial fair value plus accumulated earnings/losses associated with the noncontrolling interest or (2) the redemption value as of the balance sheet date. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was recorded based on the redemption value as of the balance sheet date of $141.7 million and $122.5 million, respectively.
Not
e 7:
|
Related-Party Transactions
|
PharmaCore, Inc.
Prior to its acquisition by Cambrex Corporation in October 2016, certain controlling shareholders of the Company also controlled PharmaCore, Inc. (“PharmaCore”) and PharmaCore was therefore considered to be a related party. The Company purchased chemistry and Good Manufacturing Practices manufacturing services from PharmaCore. Total purchases from PharmaCore for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were $0.2 million.
MacAndrews & Forbes Incorporated
As of March 31, 2017, subsidiaries of MacAndrews & Forbes Incorporated (collectively “MacAndrews”) held 23,084,267 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock and 2,400,666 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. As a result, MacAndrews’ holdings represent approximately 77.7% of the combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding common stock.
The Company has entered into several agreements with MacAndrews or its affiliates as part of the Reorganization Transactions as further detailed below:
Exchange Agreement
The Company and MacAndrews are party to an exchange agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the vTv Units (along with a corresponding number of shares of the Class B Common Stock) are exchangeable for (i) shares of the Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis or (ii) cash (based on the fair market value of the Class A Common Stock as determined pursuant to the Exchange Agreement), at the option of vTv Therapeutics Inc. (as the managing member of vTv LLC), subject to
14
customary conve
rsion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications. Any decision to require an exchange for cash rather than shares of Class A Common Stock will ultimately be determined by the entire board of directors of vTv Therapeutics Inc.
(the “Board of Directors”). Any decision to require an exchange for cash rather than shares of Class A Common Stock will ultimately be determined by the entire Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2017, MacAndrews had not exchanged any shares under the prov
isions of this agreement.
Tax Receivable Agreement
The Company and MacAndrews are party to the Tax Receivable Agreement, which provides for the payment by the Company to M&F (or certain of its transferees or other assignees) of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that the Company actually realizes (or, in some circumstances, the Company is deemed to realize) as a result of (a) the exchange of Class B Common Stock, together with the corresponding number of vTv Units, for shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (or for cash), (b) tax benefits related to imputed interest deemed to be paid by the Company as a result of the Tax Receivable Agreement and (c) certain tax benefits attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
As no shares have been exchanged by MacAndrews pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (discussed above), the Company has not recognized any liability nor has it made any payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement as of March 31, 2017.
Investor Rights Agreement
The Company is party investor rights agreement with M&F, as successor in interest to vTv Therapeutics Holdings (the “Investor Rights Agreement”). The Investor Rights Agreement provides M&F with certain demand, shelf and piggyback registration rights with respect to its shares of Class A Common Stock and also provides M&F with certain governance rights, depending on the size of its holdings of Class A Common Stock. Under the Investor Rights Agreement, M&F was initially entitled to nominate a majority of the members of the Board of Directors and designate the members of the committees of the Board of Directors.
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes as well as state taxes. As a result of the Company’s operating losses, the Company did not record income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Management has evaluated the positive and negative evidence surrounding the realization of its deferred tax assets, including the Company’s history of losses, and under the applicable accounting standards determined that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The difference between the effective tax rate of the Company and the U.S. statutory tax rate of 34% is due to the valuation allowance against the Company’s expected net operating losses.
As discussed in Note 7, the Company is party to a tax receivable agreement with a related party which provides for the payment by the Company to vTv Therapeutics Holdings (or certain of its transferees or other assignees) of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that the Company actually realizes (or, in some circumstances, the Company is deemed to realize) as a result of certain transactions. As there have been no transactions which are probable to occur which would trigger a liability under this agreement, the Company has not recognized any liability related to this agreement as of March 31, 2017.
Note 9:
|
Net Loss per Share
|
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to vTv Therapeutics Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares. Diluted loss per share for all periods presented is the same as basic loss per share as the inclusion of potentially issuable shares would be antidilutive.
15
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share of Class A Common Stock is as follows (in
thousands, except share and per share amounts):
|
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2016
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
$
|
(14,286
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13,520
|
)
|
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
|
(10,066
|
)
|
|
|
(9,668
|
)
|
Net loss attributable to vTv Therapeutics Inc., basic
and diluted
|
$
|
(4,220
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,852
|
)
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average vTv Therapeutics Inc. Class A
Common Stock, basic and diluted
|
|
9,693,254
|
|
|
|
9,229,645
|
|
Net loss per share of vTv Therapeutics Inc. Class A
Common Stock, basic and diluted
|
$
|
(0.44
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.42
|
)
|
Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share are as follows:
|
March 31, 2017
|
|
|
March 31, 2016
|
|
Class B Common Stock
(1)
|
|
23,119,246
|
|
|
|
23,463,241
|
|
Common stock options
|
|
1,915,101
|
|
|
|
1,004,934
|
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
190,586
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total
|
|
25,224,933
|
|
|
|
24,468,175
|
|
|
(1)
|
Shares of Class B Common Stock do not share in the Company’s earnings and are not participating securities. Accordingly, separate presentation of loss per share of Class B Common Stock under the two-class method has not been provided. Each share of Class B Common Stock (together with a corresponding vTv Unit) is exchangeable for one share of Class A Common Stock.
|
16