Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements
1.
Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description
of Business
SpectraScience,
Inc. was incorporated in the State of Minnesota on May 4, 1983 as GV Medical, Inc. In October 1992, GV Medical discontinued its
prior business, refocused its development efforts and changed its name to SpectraScience, Inc. The “Company,” hereinafter,
refers to SpectraScience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries Luma Imaging Corporation (“LUMA”), Spectra Science
International, Inc. (“International”) and SpectraScience (UK) Limited (“SpectraUK”). Since 1996, the Company
has focused primarily on developing the WavSTAT Optical Biopsy System (the “WavSTAT System”).
The
Company has developed and received the European CE mark approval to market a proprietary, minimally invasive technology that optically
illuminates tissue in real-time to distinguish between normal, pre-cancerous or cancerous cells without the need to remove the
subject cell tissue from the body to make such determinations. The WavSTAT System operates by using cool, safe laser light to
optically illuminate and analyze tissue, enabling the physician to make an instant diagnosis during endoscopy when screening for
cancer, and if warranted, to begin immediate treatment during the same procedure. Beginning in December 2011, the WavSTAT 4 version
of the product began to be sold in the European Union for clinical trials related to colon cancer detection. In June 2012, the
Company entered into a distribution agreement with PENTAX Europe, GmbH.
On
November 6, 2007, the Company acquired the assets of LUMA in an equity transaction accounted for as an acquisition of assets and
now operates LUMA as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. LUMA had acquired the assets from a predecessor company that had
developed, and received FDA approval for, a non-invasive diagnostic imaging system that can detect cervical cancer precursors
and which utilizes an underlying technology that is similar to that of the WavSTAT System. The addition of the LUMA technology
to the Company’s existing WavSTAT System technology provides the Company with a broad suite of fluorescence-based intellectual
property and know-how. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, the Company wrote off the remaining fair value of the LUMA
inventory in order to focus on the continued development and marketing of the WavSTAT System. The Company retained the intellectual
property of LUMA for use in the development of future generations of the WavSTAT System.
The
transaction was accounted for as an acquisition of assets that included intellectual property, inventory and equipment. The intellectual
property consisted of a total of 34 issued U.S. patents and 28 additional patent applications.
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying unaudited financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q as they are
prescribed for smaller reporting companies. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management,
all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary to make the financial statements not misleading
have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative
of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016. These statements should be read in conjunction with
the financial statements and related notes, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2015.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
Going
Concern
Historically,
the Company’s sources of cash have come from the issuance and sale of equity securities and debentures. The Company’s
historical cash outflows have been primarily used for operating activities including research, development, administrative and
sales activities. Fluctuations in the Company’s working capital due to timing differences of its cash receipts and cash
disbursements also impact its cash flow. The Company expects to incur significant additional operating losses through at least
the end of 2016, as it completes proof-of-concept trials, conducts outcome-based clinical studies and increases sales and marketing
efforts to commercialize the WavSTAT4 System in Europe. If the Company does not receive sufficient funding, there is substantial
doubt that the Company will be able to continue as a going concern. The Company may incur unknown expenses or may not be able
to meet its revenue forecast, and one or more of these circumstances would require the Company to seek additional capital. The
Company may not be able to obtain equity capital or debt funding on terms that are acceptable. Even if the Company receives additional
funding, such proceeds may not be sufficient to allow the Company to sustain operations until it becomes profitable and begins
to generate positive cash flows from operations.
As
of September 30, 2016, the Company had a working capital deficit of $10,503,770 and cash of $1,927, compared to a working capital
deficit of $8,324,600 and cash of $127,493 as of December 31, 2015. In December 2011, the Company entered into an Engagement Agreement
with Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd., which Engagement Agreement was amended in July 2012. Under the Engagement Agreement, Laidlaw
agreed to assist the Company in raising up to $20.0 million in capital over a two-year period from the date of the Engagement
Agreement. Subsequent to March 31, 2013, the Company has engaged other agents to assist the Company with raising capital and has
commenced raising capital on its own. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company raised $1,185,000, net of transaction
costs of $34,000, under these agreements. However, if the Company does not receive additional funds in a timely manner, the Company
could be in jeopardy as a going concern. The Company may not be able to find alternative capital or raise capital or debt on terms
that are acceptable. Management believes that if the events defined in the Engagement Agreements occur as expected, or if the
Company is otherwise able to raise a similar level of funds, such proceeds will be sufficient to allow the Company to sustain
operations until it attains profitability and positive cash flows from operations. However, the Company may incur unknown expenses
or may not be able to meet its revenue expectations requiring it to seek additional capital. In such event, the Company may not
be able to find capital or raise capital or debt on terms that are acceptable.
The
holders of Convertible Debentures control the conversion of the Convertible Debentures and certain of the Convertible Debentures
were not converted at their maturity constituting a potential default on the matured, but unconverted, Convertible Debentures.
In the event of such default, principal, accrued interest and other related costs are immediately due and payable in cash. As
of September 30, 2016, Convertible Debentures with a face value of $5,473,032 held by 75 individual investors are in default.
None of these investors have served notice of default on the Convertible Debentures held by them.
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and
satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating
to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should
the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue
recognition
The
Company recognizes revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered,
the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue from the sale of the Company’s products
is generally recognized when title and risk of loss transfers to the customer, the terms of which are generally free on board
shipping point. The Company uses customer purchase orders to determine the existence of an arrangement. The Company uses shipping
documents and third-party proof of delivery to verify that title has transferred. The Company assesses whether the price is fixed
or determinable based upon the terms of the agreement associated with the transaction. To determine whether collection is probable,
the Company assesses a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the creditworthiness of the
customer.
Consolidation
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SpectraScience, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries
LUMA, International and Spectra UK. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Risks
and Uncertainties
The
Company operates in an industry that is subject to intense competition, government regulation and rapid technological change.
The Company’s operations are subject to significant risk and uncertainties, including financial, operational, technological,
regulatory and other risks associated with a short history of product sales, including the potential risk of business failure.
Use
of Estimates
The
Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and disclosures made in the accompanying notes to the financial statements. Significant estimates made by management
include, among others, realization of long-lived assets including intangible assets, assumptions used to value stock options,
assumptions used to value the common stock issued and assumptions related to the determination of the fair value of the derivative
components associated with the Company’s Convertible Debentures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Inventory
Valuation
The
Company states its inventory at the lower of cost or market value, determined on a specific cost basis. The Company provides inventory
allowances when conditions indicate that the selling price could be less than cost due to obsolescence and reductions in estimated
future demand. The Company balances the need to maintain strategic inventory levels with the risk of obsolescence due to changing
technology and customer demand levels. Unfavorable changes in market conditions may result in a need for additional inventory
reserves that could adversely impact the Company’s gross margins. Conversely, favorable changes in demand could result in
higher gross margins when the Company sells products.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
Valuation
of Long-lived Assets
The
Company’s long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and intangible assets. Equipment is carried at cost and is
depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally two to three years, and leasehold improvements
are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. The straight-line method is
used for depreciation and amortization. Intangible assets consist of patents, which are amortized using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the patents. The Company does not capitalize external legal costs and filing fees associated
with obtaining patents on its new discoveries. Acquired intellectual property is recorded at cost and is amortized over its estimated
useful life. The Company believes the useful lives assigned to these assets are reasonable. The Company assesses the recoverability
of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
These computations utilize judgments and assumptions inherent in management’s estimate of future cash flows to determine
recoverability of these assets. If management’s assumptions about these assets were to change as a result of events or circumstances,
the Company may be required to record an impairment loss.
Variable
Conversion Rate Debentures
Starting
in 2015, the Company entered into convertible debentures with floating exercise prices discounted to market prices. As a result,
a significant number of shares were either issued or may be issued at deeply discounted variable conversion prices. The downward
pressure placed on the Company’s stock as a result of these conversions can be classified as “death spirals”
since the investors have no incentive to maintain a stable stock price. The Company accounts for these debentures as derivative
liabilities which means the debentures are revalued at the end of each period and gains and losses are recognized at the issuance
of the debentures and on the conversion of the debentures.
Over
Commitment of Shares
Since
the number of shares issuable under convertible debentures with floating exercise prices is undeterminable, the Company may be
required to issue shares in excess of the number of shares authorized by its shareholders. As a result, when the Company determines
that is does not have sufficient shares to meet the obligations of derivative unexercised debentures, warrants and options, the
derivatives must be valued using the Black Scholes Option Pricing method and a liability is recorded as though the obligations
would be settled using some means other than stock.
Stock-Based
Compensation
The
Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718,
Compensation—Stock Compensation
(“ASC 718”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards
made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based
awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model (the “Black-Scholes Model”). The value
of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using
the straight-line method. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises its estimate in subsequent periods
if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
The
Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50,
Equity-Based
Payments to Non-Employees
(“ASC 505-50”). Under ASC 505-50, the Company determines the fair value of the warrants
or stock-based compensation awards
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
granted
as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably
measurable.
All
issuances of stock options or other equity instruments to employees and non-employees as the consideration for goods or services
received by the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued. Any stock options issued to
non-employees are recorded in expense and additional paid-in capital in shareholders’ equity over the applicable service
periods using variable accounting through the vesting dates based on the fair value of the options at the end of each reporting
period.
As
of September 30, 2016, the Company had one stock-based employee compensation plan under which it makes grants, the 2011 Equity
Incentive Plan (the “EIP”). The EIP provides for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”), nonqualified
stock options (“NQSOs”) and restricted stock awards to full-time employees (who may also be directors) and NQSOs and
restricted stock awards to non-employee directors, consultants, customers, vendors or providers of services. The exercise price
of any ISO may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant and the term shall not exceed ten
years. The amount reserved under the 2011 EIP is 40,000,000 shares of common stock. At September 30, 2016, the Company had options
outstanding exercisable into up to 34,168,800 shares of stock under the EIP and the Company’s prior Amended 2001 Stock Plan
of which up to 24,059,921 shares were exercisable. Awards under the Company’s EIP generally vest over four years.
The
fair value of options granted are estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes Model which includes several variables
including expected life, risk free interest rate, expected stock price volatility, stock option exercise patterns and expected
dividend yield. The Company also must estimate forfeitures for employee stock options. Management used the following weighted
average assumptions to value stock options granted during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:
|
|
Three
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
Nine
months ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected term
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
5
years
|
|
Exercise price
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
210
|
%
|
Expected dividends
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
1.48
|
%
|
Forfeitures
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
Earnings
(Loss) Per Share
Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding.
Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number
of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional
common shares were dilutive. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.
For
the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the following common equivalent shares were excluded from the computation
of loss per share since their effects are anti-dilutive.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
September
30, 2015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
3,088,000
|
|
|
|
3,085,000
|
|
Convertible debentures
|
|
|
111,110,776
|
|
|
|
117,229,747
|
|
Options
|
|
|
34,168,800
|
|
|
|
38,064,635
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
131,389,332
|
|
|
|
108,251,866
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
279,756,908
|
|
|
|
266,631,248
|
|
The
following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three and nine month periods ended September
30, 2016 and 2015:
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
September
30,
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income (loss) for basic earnings per share
|
|
$
|
(777,100
|
)
|
|
$
|
(209,159
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,921,616
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,662,111
|
)
|
Net income (loss)
for diluted earnings per share
|
|
$
|
(777,100
|
)
|
|
$
|
(209,159
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,921,616
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,662,111
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average basic shares outstanding
|
|
|
712,309,055
|
|
|
|
198,039,192
|
|
|
|
664,896,833
|
|
|
|
196,519,704
|
|
Denominator for diluted earnings per
share-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted weighted
average shares
|
|
|
712,309,055
|
|
|
|
198,039,192
|
|
|
|
664,896,833
|
|
|
|
196,519,704
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
Inventory
Inventory
consisted of the following at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw materials
|
|
$
|
255,014
|
|
|
$
|
216,704
|
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
52,617
|
|
|
|
45,183
|
|
|
|
|
307,631
|
|
|
|
261,887
|
|
Reserve for obsolescence
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
307,631
|
|
|
|
261,887
|
|
Less long-term
portion
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
|
$
|
157,631
|
|
|
$
|
111,887
|
|
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company purchased the inventory of Oncoscope, Inc. from the Trustee of Ondoscope’s
bankruptcy proceeding for a total of $40,000. This amount, net of amounts sold of $2,100, has been included in raw materials.
Recently
Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In
April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-03, Simplifying
the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which amended Interest – Imputation of Interest of the Accounting Standards Codification.
The amended guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability, which were presented as deferred
charges (assets), be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. The
recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this update. The amendment
is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015.
In
February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which provides guidance for accounting for leases. The new
guidance requires companies to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leased assets, initially
measured at the present value of the lease payments. The accounting guidance for lessors is largely unchanged. The ASU is effective
for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. It is to be adopted using a modified retrospective approach.
The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on the Company’s financial statements.
Reclassifications
Certain
reclassifications have been made to the 2015 financial statements in order for them to conform to the 2016 presentation. Such
reclassifications have no impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
3.
Liabilities
Note
Payable
In
November 2014, the Company issued for cash of $100,000 an unsecured note payable and a five-year warrant with an exercise price
of $0.09 per share for the purchase of up to 50,000 shares of common stock. The terms of the note were a repayment of $115,000
if paid by February 18, 2015 and, if paid thereafter, the principal balance of the note was to be increased to $137,982 as of
October 1, 2015 and interest accrues at 20% from October 1, 2015 until paid. The note remained outstanding at September 30, 2016
and is accruing interest at 20%. The warrant was valued at $1,659 using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model and was recorded as additional
paid-in capital and expensed to non-cash interest in 2014.
Notes
Payable- Related Parties
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, two affiliates of the Company advanced to the Company cash in an accumulated amount
of $35,000 in exchange for six-month 10% promissory notes. The balance of the notes remains $35,000 at September 30, 2016.
Convertible
Debentures
As
of September 30, 2016, the Company has issued and outstanding Convertible Debentures (“Debentures”) with original
terms of three months to one year, an interest rate ranging from 10-20% per year and an original issue discount ranging from 5%
to 10% which, at the option of the holder, may convert
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
into
common stock at initial conversion prices ranging from $0.01 to $0.099 per share. The Debentures were issued with detachable five
year cashless Holders Warrants that allow the holders to purchase one share of stock for each two shares available under the converted
Debentures at an exercise price ranging from $0.02 to $0.1287 per share. In addition, the Company issued five-year cashless Agent
Warrants equal to 10% of the total number of shares issuable under the Debentures and Holders Warrants at exercise prices ranging
from $0.0745 to $0.1287 per share. For debentures issued through March 31, 2013, at the option of the Debenture holder, the terms
of the Debentures and Holders Warrants are subject to an exchange feature in the event that the Company issues securities with
terms more favorable than those of the then outstanding Debentures and Holders Warrants. Debentures issued subsequent to March
31, 2013 do not contain such an exchange clause. The gross amount of Debentures outstanding is $6,232,345 as of September 30,
2016.
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company has issued and outstanding Convertible Debentures (“Variable Debentures”)
with original terms of 9 months to one year, interest rates ranging from 0-10% per year and original issue discounts ranging from
0-10% which contain variable conversion rates ranging from discounts of 40-50% of the Company’s common stock based on the
Company’s common stock trading prices ranging from 10-25 days previous to conversion. The Variable Debentures contain prepayment
options which enable the Company to prepay the notes for periods of 0-180 days subsequent to issuance at premiums ranging from
0-50%. The gross amount of Variable Debentures outstanding is $197,451 as of September 30, 2016.
As
of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balances of the Debentures are as follows:
|
|
September
30, 2016
|
|
|
December
31, 2015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
6,174,760
|
|
|
$
|
4,496,602
|
|
Issuance of debentures for cash
|
|
|
300,000
|
|
|
|
1,970,250
|
|
Original issue discount
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
145,263
|
|
Issuance of debentures for forbearance
|
|
|
29,712
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Debentures converted to common stock
|
|
|
(196,944
|
)
|
|
|
(437,355
|
)
|
Debentures exchanged
for new debentures
|
|
|
122,268
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Convertible debt
|
|
|
6,429,796
|
|
|
|
6,174,760
|
|
Less unamortized
costs of financing
|
|
|
188,070
|
|
|
|
430,156
|
|
Convertible debt,
net of unamortized costs
|
|
$
|
6,241,726
|
|
|
$
|
5,744,604
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible debt
in default
|
|
$
|
5,473,032
|
|
|
$
|
4,313,199
|
|
Secured
Convertible Note
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company issued for cash of $850,000 Secured Convertible Debentures (the “Debentures”)
to two accredited investors. The terms of the Debentures are for three years, a conversion price of $0.01 per share and an annual
interest rate of 8%. The secured interest is on all of the assets of the Company.
Derivative
Liability
Since
the Company issued Convertible Debentures which included Holders Warrants, Agent Warrants and a conversion option that includes
a possible exchange feature in the event of a future financing on terms more favorable than those of the existing warrants and
debentures, this results in the warrants and conversion feature of the debentures being recorded as a liability and measured at
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
fair
value. In addition, outstanding Variable Debentures contain variable conversion rates based on unknown future prices of the Company’s
common stock resulting in a conversion feature. The Company measures these warrants and conversion features using a Black-Scholes
option valuation model using similar assumptions to those described under “Stock-Based Compensation.” The period over
which the Company will be required to evaluate the fair value of the warrants is approximately five years and the period over
which the Company will be required to evaluate the fair value of the conversion features are six to twelve months or conversion.
The
assumptions used in determining fair value represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties
and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change, including changes in the market value of the
Company’s common stock, managements’ assessment of the probability of a more favorably priced future financing or
significant fluctuations in the volatility of the trading market for the Company’s common stock, the Company’s fair
value estimates could be materially different in the future.
The
Company computes the fair value of the derivative liability at each reporting period and the change in the fair value is recorded
as non-cash expense or non-cash income. The key component in the value of the derivative liability is the Company’s stock
price, which is subject to significant fluctuation and is not under the Company’s control. Therefore, the resulting effect
on net loss is subject to significant fluctuation and will continue to be so until the Company’s Debentures, which the convertible
feature is associated with, are converted into common stock or paid in full with cash. Assuming all other fair value inputs remain
constant, the Company will record non-cash expense when its stock price increases and non-cash income when its stock price decreases.
In
addition, since the number of shares issuable under the Variable Debentures are undeterminable, the Company may be required to
issue shares in excess of the number of shares authorized by its shareholders. As a result, when the Company determines that is
does not have sufficient shares to meet the obligations of derivative unexercised debentures, warrants and options, the derivatives
must be valued using the Black Scholes Option Pricing method and a liability is recorded as though the obligations would be settled
using some means other than stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company determined that it was over committed
to the number of shares issuable on the exercise of outstanding debentures, stock options and warrants for approximately 266,000,000
shares. On October 23, 2016, there was an increase in authorized shares that was reflected on the September 30, 2016 Balance Sheet
but was not used in the calculation to determine the over commitment of shares as of September 30, 2016.
As
of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balances of the Derivative Liability are as follows:
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion
|
|
|
In Excess of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Feature
|
|
|
Authorized
Stock
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2015
|
|
$
|
764,958
|
|
|
$
|
296,881
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
1,061,839
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liability on issuance of debt and warrants
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,306,372
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
1,306,372
|
|
Change in fair value at year end
|
|
|
(704,538
|
)
|
|
|
(469,906
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(1,174,444
|
)
|
Elimination of liability on conversion
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(637,874
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(637,874
|
)
|
Over commitment
of stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
64,428
|
|
|
|
64,428
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2015
|
|
|
60,420
|
|
|
|
495,473
|
|
|
|
64,428
|
|
|
|
620,321
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liability on issuance of debt and warrants
|
|
|
44,394
|
|
|
|
407,209
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
451,603
|
|
Change in fair value at period end
|
|
|
80,395
|
|
|
|
80,495
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
160,890
|
|
Elimination of liability on conversion
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(755,647
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(755,647
|
)
|
Over commitment
of stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
107,107
|
|
|
|
107,107
|
|
Balance at September 30, 2016
|
|
$
|
185,209
|
|
|
$
|
227,530
|
|
|
$
|
171,535
|
|
|
$
|
584,274
|
|
Debentures
with warrants attached issued subsequent to March 31, 2013 did not contain an exchange provision and were accounted for using
the equity method of valuing the note and warrant.
4.
Shareholders’ Deficit
Common
Stock
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, holders of Convertible Debentures with a face value of $196,944 and accrued interest
of $4,745 converted their debentures into 305,277,793 shares of common stock. In addition, associated with these debentures, the
Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of $53,038.
Warrants
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2016, in conjunction with the sale of Convertible Debentures, the Company issued five-year
common stock purchase warrants to acquire up to 15,000,000 shares to holders of the Debentures. These warrants have an exercise
price of $0.02 per share.
In
March 2016, the Company issued a warrant exercisable into up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock in exchange for services provided
by a consultant. The value of these warrants, $1,652, was determined using the Black-Scholes Option pricing model and was included
as non-cash expenses and additional paid-in capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
The
balance of all warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2016 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
Price
|
|
Outstanding at January 1,
2016
|
|
|
116,875,170
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
16,000,000
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(1,485,838
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Outstanding at
September 30, 2016
|
|
|
131,389,332
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at
September 30, 2016
|
|
|
131,389,332
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
Stock
Options
Options
outstanding as of September 30, 2016 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Weighted Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
Exercise Price
|
|
|
Remaining Contractual
|
|
|
Aggregate
Intrinsic
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
Per
Share
|
|
|
Term
(years)
|
|
|
Value
(1)
|
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2016
|
|
|
34,168,800
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
8.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at September 30, 2016
|
|
|
34,168,800
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
7.28
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at September 30, 2016
|
|
|
24,059,921
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
|
|
7.29
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average fair value of options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
granted during the period
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
These
amounts represent the excess, if any, between the exercise price and $0.0035, the closing market price of the Company’s
common stock on September 30, 2016 as quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “SCIE”.
|
At
September 30, 2016, total unrecognized estimated employee compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted prior
to that date is $213,325, which we expect to be recognized over the next four years.
Series
AA Preferred Shares
On
April 15, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation,
as amended (the “Articles of Incorporation”), in the form of a Certificate of Designation that authorized the issuance
of up to three thousand (3,000) shares of a new series of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, designated “Series
AA Super Voting Preferred Stock,” for which the board of directors established the rights, preferences and limitations thereof.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
Each
holder of outstanding shares of Series AA Super Voting Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one million (1,000,000) votes for
each share of Series AA Super Voting Preferred Stock held on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to
vote at each meeting of stockholders of the Company. The holders are restricted from voting the preferred shares for any proposal
on the election of directors. The Company recorded a special dividend and valued the Series AA Super Voting Preferred Stock at
$25,000 as of September 30, 2016.
5.
Fair Value Measurements
Accounting
guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of
assets and liabilities using a hierarchy system, and defines
required
disclosures. It clarifies that fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability
in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business.
The
Company’s balance sheet contains derivative and warrant liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
The three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value is as follows:
Level
1: uses quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level
2: uses observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level
3: uses unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
The
fair value of the Company’s recorded derivative and warrant liabilities is determined based on unobservable inputs that
are not corroborated by market data, which require a Level 3 classification. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was used
to determine the fair value with similar assumptions to those described under “Stock-Based Compensation”. The Company
records derivative and warrant liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value with changes in fair value
recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operation.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
The
following table presents the balances of derivative liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level
as of September 30, 2016:
|
|
Fair
Value Measurements Using
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
|
Significant Other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identical
Assets
|
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Level
1)
|
|
|
|
(Level
2)
|
|
|
|
(Level
3)
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of September 30, 2016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative
liability
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
227,530
|
|
|
$
|
227,530
|
|
Warrant liability
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
185,209
|
|
|
|
185,209
|
|
Commitment
in excess of authorized stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
171,535
|
|
|
|
171,535
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
584,274
|
|
|
$
|
584,274
|
|
The
following table presents changes in the derivative liabilities with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the nine months
ended September 30, 2016:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrant
|
|
|
Derivative
|
|
|
In Excess of
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Liability
|
|
|
Liability
|
|
|
Authorized
Stock
|
|
|
Liability
|
|
Balance December 31, 2015
|
|
$
|
60,420
|
|
|
$
|
495,473
|
|
|
$
|
64,428
|
|
|
$
|
620,321
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liability on issuance
of debt and warrants
|
|
|
44,394
|
|
|
|
407,209
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
451,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Elimination of liability
on conversion
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(755,647
|
)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
(755,647
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in estimated
fair value (1)
|
|
|
80,395
|
|
|
|
80,495
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
160,890
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitment
in excess of authorized stock
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
107,107
|
|
|
|
107,107
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance September 30, 2016
|
|
$
|
185,209
|
|
|
$
|
227,530
|
|
|
$
|
171,535
|
|
|
$
|
584,274
|
|
(1)
Included in the Condensed Statements of Operation on the line “Change in fair value of derivative and warrant liabilities.”
Management
used the following inputs to value the Derivative and Warrant Liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:
|
|
Derivative
Liability
|
|
Warrant
Liability
|
Expected term
|
|
6 months to 2 years
|
|
5 years
|
Exercise price
|
|
$0.00025 - $0.099
|
|
$0.02 - $0.1287
|
Expected volatility
|
|
272% to 334%
|
|
247% to 283%
|
Expected dividends
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
0.37% to 1.05%
|
|
1.14% to 1.49%
|
Forfeitures
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
In
computing the fair value of the derivative and warrant liability at September 30, 2016, management estimated a 60% probability
of a down round financing event at a price of $0.025 and a 9% to 34% probability that existing note holders with exchange privileges
would exchange their existing debentures and warrants for new debentures and warrants.
SpectraScience,
Inc.
Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements (continued)
6.
Contingencies
None
7.
Subsequent Events
Variable
Rate Convertible Debentures
In
October and November 2016, a holder of Variable Rate Convertible Debentures with principal of $13,772 and accrued interest of
$498 converted a portion of their debentures into 15,646,222 shares of common stock.
Secured
Convertible Debenture
In
October 2016, the Company issued for cash of $150,000 a Secured Convertible Debenture (the “Debenture”) to an accredited
investor. The terms of the Debenture are for three years, a conversion price of $0.01 per share and an annual interest rate of
8%. The secured interest is on all of the assets of the Company and is shared equally with a previous secured party.
Increase
in Authorized Shares
On
October 23, 2016, the increase in authorized capital stock from 750,000,000 shares to 1,250,000,000 shares became effective. The
increase in authorized shares has been reflected on the Company’s Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2016.
Subsequent
events have been evaluated through the date financial statements are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.