SNNF Seneca Financial Corporation (PK)

Seneca Financial Corp. (the “Company”), a federal corporation that was organized in 2017, is a savings and loan holding company of Seneca Savings (the “Bank”). The Bank maintains its executive offices and main office in Baldwinsville, New York, with branches in Liverpool and North Syracuse, New York. The Bank is a community-oriented savings bank whose business primarily consists of accepting deposits from customers within its market area and investing those funds primarily in commercial and residential mortgage loans. The Bank has one wholly-owned subsidiary: Seneca Savings Insurance Agency, Inc. dba Financial Quest ("Quest"). Quest offers financial planning and investment advisory services and sells various insurance and investment products through broker networks. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Quest and the Bank. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), the consolidated financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Form 10-K of the Company.

The results of operations at and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other period.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U. S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates common to the banking industry that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include, but are not limited to, the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the estimation of fair values, pension plan and valuation allowances associated with the realization of deferred tax assets, which are based on future taxable income.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to U.S. GAAP and general practices within the banking industry. There have been no material changes or developments in the application of principles or in our evaluation of the accounting estimates and the underlying assumptions or methodologies that we believe to be Critical Accounting Policies as disclosed in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2019.

On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-08, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The amended guidance shortens the amortization period for the premium paid on some classes of callable debt to the earliest call date instead of the bond’s maturity.

The amendment more closely aligns the interest income recorded on bonds held at a premium or a discount with the economics of the underlying instrument. Public companies will have to begin applying the revisions to FASB ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, and the related amendments in their first fiscal years that start after December 15, 2018. The changes will have to be used for the quarterly reports for those years. The FASB issued the amendment in response to the concerns that were brought to it about the requirements in ASC 310-20 that sometimes-forced bondholders to record a loss once a bond was called by its issuer. The amended guidance largely affects municipal bonds but also could affect the accounting treatment of some callable corporate debt.

For Public Business Entities (“PBEs”) that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, such as the Company, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All entities may adopt the amendments in this update earlier as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity will apply the amendments in this update through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The provisions of this new accounting standard are complex and will require substantial analysis prior to the ASU’s implementation. The Company’s management is currently in the process of evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements, however, management does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and results of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “ Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires credit losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model). Under the CECL model entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exits) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. Further, ASU 2016-13 made certain targeted amendments to the existing impairment model for available for sale (“AFS”) debt securities. For an AFS debt security for which there is neither the intent nor a more-likely-than-not requirement to sell, an entity will record credit losses as an allowance rather than a write-down of the amortized cost basis.  ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim reporting periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2019 for all public business entities that are SEC filers. Early application is permitted as of the annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. An entity will apply the amendments in this ASU 2016-13 through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company’s management is evaluating the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements; however, due to the significant differences in the revised guidance from existing U.S. GAAP, the implementation of this guidance may result in material changes in our accounting for credit losses on financial instruments. We are also reviewing the impact of additional disclosures required under ASU 2016-13 on our ongoing financial reporting.

In July 2019, the FASB decided to add a project to its technical agenda to propose staggered effective dates for certain accounting standards, including ASU 2016-13. The FASB has proposed an approach that ASU 2016-13 will be effective for Public Business Entities that are SEC filers, excluding smaller reporting companies such as the Company, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, including smaller reporting companies like the Company, ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all entities, early adoption will continue to be permitted; that is, early adoption is allowed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (that is, effective January 1, 2019, for calendar-year-end companies). The FASB is currently in the process of drafting a proposed ASU for this project to be voted upon by FASB members after a 30 day comment period. The Company is currently a smaller reporting company, and if this proposal is approved and becomes effective, the Company’s expected adoption date for ASU 2016-13 would change from fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . ASU No. 2016-02 to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and by disclosing key information about leasing arrangements.

Under the new guidance a lessee will be required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current U.S. GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend primarily on its classification as a finance or an operating lease (i.e., the classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially like the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases under the previous guidance). However, unlike current U.S. GAAP, which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the consolidated statement of financial condition, ASU No. 2016-02 will require both operating and finance leases to be recognized on the consolidated statement of financial condition. Additionally, the ASU will require disclosures to help investors and other consolidated financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases, including qualitative and quantitative requirements. Lessor accounting will remain largely unchanged from current U.S. GAAP. However, the ASU contains some targeted improvements that are intended to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and with the updated revenue recognition guidance issued in 2014.

The amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, for (1) public business entities, (2) not-for-profit entities that have issued, or are conduit bond obligors for, securities that are traded, listed, or quoted on an exchange or an over-the-counter market, and (3) employee benefit plans that file financial statements with the SEC. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of the ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures, if any.

In July 2019, the FASB decided to add a project to its technical agenda to propose staggered effective dates for certain accounting standards, including ASU 2016-13. The FASB has proposed an approach that ASU 2016-13 will be effective for Public Business Entities that are SEC filers, excluding smaller reporting companies such as the Company, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, including smaller reporting companies like the Company, ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all entities, early adoption will continue to be permitted; that is, early adoption is allowed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (that is, effective January 1, 2019, for calendar-year-end companies). The FASB is currently in the process of drafting a proposed ASU for this project to be voted upon by FASB members after a 30 day comment period. The Company is currently a smaller reporting company, and if this proposal is approved and becomes effective, the Company’s expected adoption date for ASU 2016-13 would change from fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities. The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in this update require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The amendments in this update also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition, the amendments in this update also simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods with those fiscal years. The adoption had no impact on the consolidated financial statements and only impacted fair value measurement disclosures.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , which amends FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842, Leases , to (1) add an optional transition method that would permit entities to apply the new requirements by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the year of adoption, and (2) provide a practical expedient for lessors regarding the separation of the lease and non-lease components of a contract. This guidance did not change the Company’s assessment of the impact of ASU No. 2016-02 on the consolidated financial statements as described above.

In August 2018, the FASB has issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) to provide guidance on accounting for costs of implementation activities performed in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, which provided guidance to customers concerning whether a cloud computing arrangement (e.g., software, platform, or infrastructure offered as a service) includes a software license. Pursuant to that guidance, (1) if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the software license element of the arrangement should be accounted for in a manner consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses, or (2) if the arrangement does not include a software license, then the arrangement should be accounted for as a service contract, with the fees associated with the hosting element (service) of the arrangement expensed as they are incurred.

Following the issuance of ASU No. 2015-05, constituents requested that the FASB provide additional guidance on the accounting for costs of implementation activities performed in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. Accordingly, because United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) do not contain explicit guidance on accounting for such costs, and to address the resulting diversity in practice, the FASB has issued ASU No. 2018-15 to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Note that the guidance on accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in ASU No. 2018-15.

For Public Business Entities, the amended guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (i.e., calendar-year 2020), and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX Months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair values of securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses are as follows:

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations consist of securities that are issued by Fannie Mae (“FNMA”), Freddie Mac (“FHLMC”), Ginnie Mae (“GNMA”), and are collateralized by residential mortgages. U.S. Government and agency obligations include notes and bonds with both fixed and variable rates. Municipal securities consist of government obligation and revenue bonds. Corporate securities consist of variable rate bonds with large financial institutions.

Investment securities with carrying amounts of $8.7 million and $9.8 million were pledged to secure advances and for other purposes required or permitted by law at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. 

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities based on the contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019 the Company sold $1.8 million of available-for-sale securities with a cross realized gain of $6,364 and a gross realized loss of $5,568. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 the Company did not sell available-for-sale securities. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 the Company sold $1.8 million of available-for-sale securities with gross realized gain of $6,364 and gross realized loss of $5,568. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not sell available-for-sale securities.

Management has reviewed its loan, mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations portfolios and determined that, to the best of its knowledge, little or no exposure exists to sub-prime or other high-risk residential mortgages. The Company is not in the practice of investing in, or originating, these types of investments or loans.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Information pertaining to securities with gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position follows:

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not record an other-than-temporary impairment charge.

At June 30, 2019, three municipal securities, eight mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations and five corporate securities were in a continuous loss position for more than twelve months. At June 30, 2019, one municipal and two corporate securities were in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months.

At December 31, 2018, eleven collateralized mortgage obligations, three mortgage backed securities, and eighteen municipal securities were in a continuous loss position for more than twelve months. At December 31, 2018, five municipal obligations, two collateralized mortgage obligations, three mortgage backed securities, and ten corporate securities were in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months.

The mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations were issued by U.S. Government sponsored agencies. The municipal securities and corporate securities are rated investment grade by Standard and Poor’s BBB- or higher. All are paying in accordance with their terms with no deferrals of interest or defaults. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates, not credit quality, and because management does not intend to sell and will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity, no declines are deemed to be other-than-temporary.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Loan Origination / Risk Management

The Company has lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by frequently providing management with reports related to loan production, loan quality, loan delinquencies, non-performing and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Risk Characteristics of Portfolio Segments

The risk characteristics within the loan portfolio vary depending on the loan segment. Consumer loans generally are repaid from personal sources of income. Risks associated with consumer loans primarily include general economic risks such as declines in the local economy creating higher rates of unemployment. Those conditions may also lead to a decline in collateral values should the Company be required to repossess the collateral securing consumer loans. These economic risks also impact the commercial loan segment, however commercial loans are considered to have greater risk than consumer loans as the primary source of repayment is from the cash flow of the business customer. Real estate loans, including residential mortgages, commercial, and home equity loans, comprise approximately 89% of the portfolio at June 30, 2019 and 90% of the portfolio at December 31, 2018. Loans secured by real estate provide collateral protection and thus significantly reduce the inherent risk in the portfolio.

Management has reviewed its loan portfolio and determined that, to the best of its knowledge, little or no exposure exists to sub-prime or other high-risk residential mortgages. The Company is not in the practice of originating these types of loans.

Description of Credit Quality Indicators

Real estate, commercial and consumer loans are assigned a "Pass" rating unless a loan has demonstrated signs of weakness as indicated by the ratings below:

The risk ratings are evaluated at least annually for commercial loans or when credit deficiencies arise, such as delinquent loan payments, for commercial, real estate or consumer loans.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX Months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio, not including net deferred loan costs, summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings within the Company's internal risk rating system as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. There were no doubtful accounts at June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received within thirty days of the payment due date. An age analysis of past due loans, segregated by class of loans, are as follows:

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX months ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loan as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

The decrease in nonaccrual loans was mostly attributed to the sale of a one-to four-family residence under construction and the foreclosure of a one-to four-family residence reported as other real estate owned at June 30, 2019.

The following tables summarize impaired loan information by portfolio class:

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX MONTHS ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans:

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) occur when we grant borrowers concessions that we would not otherwise grant but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties. A concession is made when the terms of the loan modification are more favorable than the terms the borrower would have received in the current market under similar financial difficulties. These concessions may include, interest by the borrower to satisfy all or part of the debt, or the addition of borrower(s). The Company identifies loans for potential TDRs primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Generally, we will not return a TDR to accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make principal and interest payments under the restructured terms for at least six consecutive months. The Company’s TDRs are impaired loans, which may result in specific allocations and subsequent charge-offs if appropriate.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company modified two commercial mortgage loans valued together at $1.0 million that are considered accruing TDRs. We modified the terms to interest only for a two-year period. At the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2019 and 2018 we had two commercial mortgage loans totaling $1.0 million that are considered TDRs. These TDRs are paying according to their modified terms and are classified as substandard and impaired at June 30, 2019.

The following table presents interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

The following table presents interest income recognized on impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three AND SIX MONTHS ended JUNE 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

The charge-offs of $169,000, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 consisted of a $16,000 charge-off of a one-to-four family construction loan, charge-off of three consumer loans totaling $7,000, and a charge-off of a one-to four-family residence for $146,000. The one-to four-family residence of $220,000 is reported as other real estate owned at June 30, 2019.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of June 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three and six months ended june 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of JUNE 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three and six months ended june 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all assets and liabilities, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective year-ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of assets and liabilities subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each year-end.

Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported with little or no market activity).

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of june 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three and six months ended june 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

There were no securities transferred out of level 2 securities available-for-sale during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018.

Required disclosures include fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated statement of financial condition, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate, and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instrument. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company. FASB ASU Topic 820 fair value measurements and disclosures, the financial assets and liabilities were valued at a price that represents the Company’s exit price or the price at which these instruments would be sold or transferred.

Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of june 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three and six months ended june 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)

Cash and due from banks

The carrying amounts of these assets approximate their fair value and is a Level 1 measurement.

Investment Securities

The fair value of securities available-for-sale (carried at fair value) are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices and is a Level 2 measurement.

Investment in FHLBNY Stock

The carrying value of FHLBNY stock approximates its fair value based on the redemption provisions of the FHLBNY stock, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Loans

The fair values of loans held in portfolio are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the consolidated statement of financial position date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans, resulting in a Level 3 classification. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments, and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable and Advances from Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance

The carrying amount approximates fair value and is a Level 1 measurement.

Deposits

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., NOW accounts, non-interest checking, regular savings and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts), resulting in a Level 1 classification. The carrying amounts for variable-rate certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date, resulting in a Level 1 classification. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies market interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Advances and borrowings from FHLBNY

The fair values of FHLBNY long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the quoted rates for new FHLBNY advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity, resulting in a Level 2 classification.

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets taken in foreclosure of defaulted loans generally measured at the lower cost or fair value less costs to sell. The fair value of the real property is generally determined using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace, and the related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have generally been classified as Level 3.

SENECA FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the consolidated Financial Statements

as of june 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018 and THE

three and six months ended june 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)