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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
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Page
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Item 1.
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Statements of Assets and Trust Corpus
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Item 2.
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Item 3.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
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Item 4.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
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Item 1.
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Legal Proceedings
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Item 1A.
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Risk Factors
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Item 6.
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All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Trust” refer to Chesapeake Granite Wash Trust. The royalty interests conveyed on November 16, 2011 by Chesapeake from its interests in certain properties in the Colony Granite Wash formation in Oklahoma and held by the Trust are referred to as the “Royalty Interests.” References to “Chesapeake” refer to Chesapeake Energy Corporation and, where the context requires, its subsidiaries.
DISCLOSURES REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) includes “forward-looking statements” about the Trust and Chesapeake and other matters discussed herein that are subject to risks and uncertainties that are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this document, including, without limitation, statements under “Trustee’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2 of Part I and elsewhere herein regarding the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact thereof on our and Chesapeake’s business, financial condition and results of operations, actions by, or disputes among or between, members of OPEC+, market factors, market prices, the proved oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids ("NGL") reserves associated with the properties underlying the Royalty Interests, the Trust’s or Chesapeake’s future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected costs and plans and objectives for future operations, information regarding target distributions, statements pertaining to future development activities and costs, information regarding production and reserve growth and statements regarding the Trust's continued listing on the OTC Markets Group, Inc., are forward-looking statements. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those projected. Our forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “potential,” “could,” “may,” “foresee,” “seek,” “plan,” “goal,” “assume,” “target,” “should,” “intend,” “ability,” “will,” “would,” “forecast” or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. These statements are based on certain assumptions made by the Trust, and by Chesapeake, in light of its experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform with such expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors discussed in Item 1A of Part I of the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the "2019 Form 10-K") and in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report and those set forth from time to time in the Trust’s filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), which could affect the future results of the energy industry in general, and the Trust and Chesapeake in particular, and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. The actual results or developments anticipated may not be realized or, even if substantially realized, may not have the expected consequences to or effects on Chesapeake’s business and the Trust. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive, and there may also be other risks that we are unable to predict at this time. The Trustee relies on Chesapeake for information regarding the Royalty Interests, the Underlying Properties (as defined below) and Chesapeake itself. The Trust undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements and expressly disclaims any obligation to do so, except as required by applicable law.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
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ITEM 1.
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Financial Statements
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CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND TRUST CORPUS
(Unaudited)
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March 31, 2020
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December 31, 2019
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($ in thousands)
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ASSETS:
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Cash and cash equivalents
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$
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1,618
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$
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1,600
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Investment in Royalty Interests
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487,793
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487,793
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Less: accumulated amortization and impairment
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(468,282
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)
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(467,588
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)
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Net investment in Royalty Interests
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19,511
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20,205
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Total assets
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$
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21,129
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$
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21,805
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TRUST CORPUS:
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Trust corpus; 46,750,000 common units issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
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21,129
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21,805
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Total Trust corpus
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$
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21,129
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$
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21,805
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
1
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CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
STATEMENTS OF DISTRIBUTABLE INCOME
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended
March 31,
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2020
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2019
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($ in thousands, except unit and per unit data)
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REVENUES:
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Royalty income
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$
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2,016
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$
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3,363
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EXPENSES:
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Production taxes
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164
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(241
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)
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Trust administrative expenses
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(377
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(63
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)
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Cash reserves withheld
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(70
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(107
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)
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Total expenses
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(283
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)
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(411
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)
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Distributable income available to unitholders
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$
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1,733
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$
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2,952
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Distributable income per common unit (46,750,000 common units)
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$
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0.0371
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$
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0.0631
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CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN TRUST CORPUS
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended
March 31,
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2020
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2019
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($ in thousands)
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TRUST CORPUS: Beginning of period
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$
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21,805
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$
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24,378
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Cash reserve surplus (deficit)
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18
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(294
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)
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Amortization of Investment in Royalty Interests
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(694
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)
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(646
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)
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Distributable income available to unitholders
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1,733
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2,952
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Distributions paid to unitholders
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(1,733
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)
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(2,952
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)
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TRUST CORPUS: End of period
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$
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21,129
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$
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23,438
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
2
CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
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1.
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Organization of the Trust
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Chesapeake Granite Wash Trust (the “Trust”) is a statutory trust formed in June 2011 under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act pursuant to an initial trust agreement by and among Chesapeake Energy Corporation ("Chesapeake"), as Trustor, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (the “Trustee”), and The Corporation Trust Company, as Delaware Trustee (the “Delaware Trustee” and, together with the Trustee, the "Trustees").
The Trust was created to own royalty interests (the “Royalty Interests”) for the benefit of Trust unitholders pursuant to a trust agreement dated as of June 29, 2011, and subsequently amended and restated as of November 16, 2011, by and among Chesapeake, Chesapeake Exploration, L.L.C., a wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake, and the Trustees (the “Trust Agreement”). The Royalty Interests are derived from Chesapeake’s interests in specified oil and natural gas properties located within an area of mutual interest (the "AMI") in the Colony Granite Wash play in Washita County in the Anadarko Basin of western Oklahoma (the “Underlying Properties”). Chesapeake conveyed the Royalty Interests to the Trust from (a) Chesapeake’s interests in 69 existing horizontal wells (the “Producing Wells”), and (b) Chesapeake’s interests in 118 horizontal development wells as calculated pursuant to the development agreement (the “Development Wells”), which Chesapeake was obligated to drill, cause to be drilled or participate as a non-operator in the drilling of, from drill sites in the AMI, on or prior to June 30, 2016. As of June 30, 2016, Chesapeake fulfilled its drilling obligation under the development agreement. Chesapeake retained an interest in each of the Producing Wells and Development Wells, and currently operates 96% of the Producing Wells and the completed Development Wells.
The business and affairs of the Trust are managed by the Trustee. The Trust Agreement limits the Trust’s business activities generally to owning the Royalty Interests and any activity reasonably related to such ownership, including activities required or permitted by the terms of the conveyances related to the Royalty Interests. The royalty interests in the Producing Wells entitle the Trust to receive 90% of the proceeds (exclusive of any production or development costs but after deducting certain post-production expenses and any applicable taxes) from the sales of oil, natural gas and NGL production attributable to Chesapeake’s net revenue interest in the Producing Wells. The royalty interests in the Development Wells entitle the Trust to receive 50% of the proceeds (exclusive of any production or development costs but after deducting certain post-production expenses and any applicable taxes) from the sales of oil, natural gas and NGL production attributable to Chesapeake’s net revenue interest in the Development Wells.
The Trust will dissolve and begin to liquidate on June 30, 2031, or earlier upon the below events (the "Termination Date"):
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•
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the Trust sells all of the Royalty Interests;
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•
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the aggregate quarterly cash distribution amounts for any four consecutive quarters is less than $1.0 million;
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•
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the holders of a majority of the Trust units and a majority of the common units (excluding common units owned by Chesapeake and its affiliates), in each case voting in person or by proxy at a meeting of such holders at which a quorum is present, vote in favor of dissolution; except that at any time that Chesapeake and its affiliates collectively own less than 10% of the outstanding Trust units, the standard for approval will be a majority of the Trust units, including units owned by Chesapeake voting in person or by proxy at a meeting of such holders at which a quorum is present; or
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•
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the Trust is judicially dissolved.
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At the Termination Date, (a) 50% of the total Royalty Interests conveyed by Chesapeake will revert automatically to Chesapeake and (b) 50% of the total Royalty Interests conveyed by Chesapeake (the “Perpetual Royalties”) will be retained by the Trust and thereafter sold. The net proceeds of the sale of the Perpetual Royalties, as well as any remaining Trust cash reserves, will be distributed to the unitholders on a pro rata basis. Chesapeake will have a right of first refusal to purchase the Perpetual Royalties retained by the Trust at the Termination Date.
As previously disclosed, on August 28, 2019, the Trust received written notification from the NYSE that the Trust was not in compliance with the continued listing standards set forth in Rule 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of the Trust’s common units was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. Because the Trust was unable to regain compliance with the applicable standards within a six-month cure period concluded February 28, 2020, the NYSE announced the suspension of trading of the Trust's common units due to non-compliance with Rule 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, effective as of the close of
CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Unaudited)
trading on February 28, 2020. As a result, the Trust's common units began trading on March 2, 2020 under the symbol "CHKR" on the OTC Markets Group, Inc. (the "OTC Pink"). On March 18, 2020, the NYSE filed a Form 25 with the SEC to delist the Trust's common units from the NYSE. The delisting was effective 10 days after the Form 25 was filed. The deregistration of the Trust’s common units under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act will become effective 90 days after the filing date of the Form 25. The OTC Pink is a significantly more limited market than the NYSE, and the quotation of the Trust's common units on the OTC Pink may result in a reduction in demand for and the market price of the Trust's common units, and could diminish interest in the Trust from investors, analysts and other market participants.
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2.
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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
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Basis of Accounting. The accompanying Statement of Assets and Trust Corpus as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and the unaudited interim financial statements of the Trust as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 have been presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and include all adjustments which are, in the opinion of the Trustee, necessary to fairly state the Trust's financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2019 audited financial statements and notes of the Trust, included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the SEC instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all disclosures required for financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").
Financial statements of the Trust differ from financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, as the Trust records revenues when received and expenses when paid and may also establish certain cash reserves for contingencies which would not be accrued in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP comprehensive basis of accounting corresponds to the accounting principles permitted for royalty trusts by the SEC as specified by Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 12:E, Financial Statements of Royalty Trusts.
Most accounting pronouncements apply to entities whose financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, directing such entities to accrue or defer revenues and expenses in a period other than when such revenues were received or expenses were paid. Because the Trust’s financial statements are prepared on the modified cash basis as described above, most accounting pronouncements are not applicable to the Trust’s financial statements.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements requires the Trust to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and Trust corpus during the reporting period. Significant estimates that impact the Trust’s financial statements include estimates of proved oil, natural gas and NGL reserves, which are used to compute the Trust’s amortization of the Investment in Royalty Interests (as defined in Investment in Royalty Interests below) and, as necessary, to evaluate potential impairments of Investment in Royalty Interests. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Risks and Uncertainties. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The pandemic has reached more than 200 countries and territories and has resulted in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy and on Chesapeake’s customers and other parties with whom it has business relations. To date, Chesapeake has experienced limited operational impacts as a result of the restrictions from working remotely or COVID-19 directly. As an essential business under the guidelines issued by each of the states in which it operates, Chesapeake has been allowed to continue operations, although for the health and safety of its employees Chesapeake chose to have its non-essential personnel work remotely. As a result, since mid-March, Chesapeake has restricted access to all of its offices and has directed employees to work remotely to the extent possible. Those employees who are unable to work remotely are being closely monitored and are taking safety precautions to minimize the risk of exposure. These restrictions have allowed Chesapeake to maintain the engagement and connectivity of its personnel, as well as minimize the number of employees required in the office and field.
However, the impact of the pandemic, including a resulting reduction in global demand for oil and, to a lesser extent, natural gas, coupled with a sharp decline in oil prices following the announcement of price reductions and production increases in March 2020 by members of OPEC+ has led to significant global economic contraction generally and in our industry in particular. While an agreement to cut production has since been announced by OPEC+ and its allies, the situation, coupled with the impact of COVID-19, has continued to result in a significant downturn in the oil
CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Unaudited)
and gas industry. Oil prices declined sharply in April 2020 and remain volatile. Oil and natural gas prices are expected to continue to be volatile as a result of the near term production increases and the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and as changes in oil and natural gas inventories, industry demand and national and economic performance are reported.
The Trust's reserves and quarterly cash distributions depend primarily upon the prices realized by Chesapeake from the sales of oil, natural gas and NGL. Low oil, natural gas and NGL prices negatively affect the amount of cash
available for capital expenditures and debt repayment and the ability to borrow money or raise additional capital and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on Chesapeake’s financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reserves and the Trust’s reserves and quarterly cash distributions. There is no guarantee that any actions taken by Chesapeake in light of COVID-19 will be effective in preventing future disruptions to its business. Moreover, future operations of Chesapeake could be negatively affected if a significant number of its employees are quarantined as a result of exposure to the virus, which in turn could negatively affect proceeds to the Trust and the Trust’s reserves and quarterly cash distributions to unitholders. For additional discussion regarding risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, see Item 1A of Part II “Risk Factors” and Item 2 of Part I “Trustee’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report.
The Trust's revenues and distributable income available to unitholders have been adversely affected to date in 2020 and throughout 2019 due to natural declines in production and depressed commodity prices as a result of COVID-19 and the OPEC+ decisions discussed in the Quarterly Report. The Trust expects production to continue to decline and expects distributable income to continue to be adversely affected. On May 5, 2020, the Trust declared a cash distribution of $0.0291 per common unit (the "May 2020 Distribution"), consisting of proceeds attributable to production from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. The distribution will be paid on June 1, 2020 to common unitholders of record as of May 20, 2020. See Note 5 for information regarding prior distributions paid and Note 6 for information on the May 2020 Distribution.
Chesapeake's ability to perform its obligations to the Trust depends on its future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, which in turn depend upon the supply and demand for oil, natural gas and NGL, prevailing economic conditions, and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond Chesapeake's control.
In the event of a bankruptcy of Chesapeake or the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Chesapeake that conveyed the Royalty Interests to the Trust, the Trust could lose the value of all of the Royalty Interests if a bankruptcy court were to hold that the Royalty Interests constitute an asset of the bankruptcy estate. Chesapeake could also be unable to provide support to the Trust through loans and performance of its management duties. In May 2020, Chesapeake disclosed that, if depressed commodity prices persist, combined with the scheduled reductions in the leverage ratio covenant and an expected significant reduction in Chesapeake's borrowing base in its scheduled determination, its liquidity and ability to comply with the leverage ratio covenant under its revolving credit facility during the next 12 months will be adversely affected, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Based on Chesapeake’s current forecast, it does not expect to be in compliance with its financial covenants beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. Failure to comply with these covenants, if not waived, would result in an event of default under Chesapeake’s revolving credit facility, the potential acceleration of outstanding debt thereunder and the potential foreclosure on the collateral securing such debt, and could cause a cross-default under its other outstanding indebtedness. As a result, Chesapeake is evaluatng a number of strategic alternatives, which may include, but not be limited to, seeking a restructuring, amendment or refinancing of existing debt through a private restructuring or reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. However, there can be no assurances that Chesapeake will be able to successfully restructure its indebtedness, improve its financial position or complete any strategic transactions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents include all highly-liquid instruments with maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition. The Trustee maintains a minimum cash reserve of $1.0 million and may, at the Trustee’s discretion, reserve funds for future expected administrative expenses.
Investment in Royalty Interests. The Investment in Royalty Interests is amortized as a single cost center on a units-of-production basis over total proved reserves. Such amortization does not reduce distributable income, rather it is charged directly to Trust corpus. Revisions to estimated future units-of-production are treated on a prospective basis beginning on the date such revisions are known. The carrying value of the Trust’s Investment in Royalty Interests
CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Unaudited)
will not necessarily be indicative of the fair value of such Royalty Interests. The Trust is not burdened by development costs of the Royalty Interests.
On a quarterly basis, the Trust evaluates the carrying value of the Investment in Royalty Interests under the full cost accounting rules of the SEC. This quarterly review is referred to as a ceiling test. Under the ceiling test, the carrying value of the Investment in Royalty Interests may not exceed an amount equal to the sum of the present value (using a 10% discount rate) of the estimated future net revenues from proved reserves. In the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Trust recognized no impairments of the Royalty Interests.
Loan Commitment. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, if at any time the Trust’s cash on hand (including available cash reserves, if any) is not sufficient to pay the Trust’s ordinary course expenses as they become due, Chesapeake will loan funds to the Trust necessary to pay such expenses. Such loans will be recorded as a liability on the Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Trust Corpus until repaid. A loan neither increases nor decreases distributions to unitholders; however, no further distributions will be made to unitholders (except in respect of any previously determined quarterly cash distribution amount and unless Chesapeake otherwise consents in writing) until the loan is repaid. There were no loans outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Revenues and Expenses. Neither the Trust nor the Trustee is responsible for, or has any control over, any costs related to the drilling of the Development Wells or any other operating or capital costs of the Underlying Properties. The Trust’s revenues with respect to the Royalty Interests in the Underlying Properties are net of existing royalties and overriding royalties associated with Chesapeake's interests and are determined after deducting certain post-production expenses and any applicable taxes associated with the Royalty Interests. Post-production expenses generally consist of costs incurred to gather, store, compress, transport, process, treat, dehydrate and market the oil, natural gas and NGL produced. However, the Trust is not responsible for costs of marketing services provided by affiliates of Chesapeake. Cash distributions to unitholders are reduced by the Trust’s general and administrative expenses.
The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Trust is not required to pay federal or state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income tax has been made.
Trust unitholders are treated as partners of the Trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Trust Agreement contains tax provisions that generally allocate the Trust’s income, deductions and credits among the Trust unitholders in accordance with their percentage interests in the Trust. The Trust Agreement also sets forth the tax accounting principles to be applied by the Trust.
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4.
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Related Party Transactions
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Trustee Administrative Fee. Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, the Trust is required to pay an annual administrative fee of $175,000 to the Trustee, paid in equal quarterly installments. The administrative fee may be adjusted for inflation by no more than 3% in any calendar year beginning in 2015. The Trustee's annual administrative fees were adjusted upward by 2.1% in 2017, 2.1% in 2018, and an additional 1.9% in 2019 to the current amount of $185,893.
Agreements with Chesapeake. In connection with the initial public offering and the conveyance of the Royalty Interests to the Trust, the Trust entered into an administrative services agreement, a development agreement and a registration rights agreement with Chesapeake.
Pursuant to the administrative services agreement, Chesapeake provides the Trust with certain accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping and information services related to the Royalty Interests and the registration rights agreement. In return for the services provided by Chesapeake under the administrative services agreement, the Trust pays Chesapeake, in equal quarterly installments, an annual fee of $200,000, which will remain fixed for the life of the Trust. Chesapeake is also entitled to receive reimbursement for its actual out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the provision of any of the services under the administrative services agreement.
The administrative services agreement will terminate upon the earliest to occur of (a) the date the Trust shall have dissolved and wound up its business and affairs in accordance with the Trust Agreement, (b) the date that all of
CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Unaudited)
the Royalty Interests have been terminated or are no longer held by the Trust, (c) with respect to services to be provided with respect to any Underlying Properties transferred by Chesapeake to a third party, the date that either Chesapeake or the Trustee may designate by delivering 90-days prior written notice, provided that Chesapeake’s drilling obligation has been completed and the transferee of such Underlying Properties assumes responsibility to perform the services in place of Chesapeake, or (d) a date mutually agreed upon by Chesapeake and the Trustee.
The Trust also entered into a registration rights agreement for the benefit of Chesapeake and certain of its affiliates (each, a “holder”). Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, the Trust agreed to register the Trust units held by each such holder for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, under certain circumstances. In connection with the preparation and filing of any registration statement, Chesapeake will bear all costs and expenses incidental to such registration statement, excluding certain internal expenses of the Trust, which will be borne by the Trust, and any underwriting discounts and commissions, which will be borne by the seller of the Trust units.
Loan Commitment. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, if at any time the Trust’s cash on hand (including available cash reserves, if any) is not sufficient to pay the Trust’s ordinary course expenses as they become due, Chesapeake will loan funds to the Trust necessary to pay such expenses. Any funds loaned by Chesapeake pursuant to this commitment will be limited to the payment of current accounts payable or other obligations to trade creditors in connection with obtaining goods or services or the payment of other current liabilities arising in the ordinary course of the Trust’s business, and may not be used to satisfy Trust indebtedness for borrowed money of the Trust. If Chesapeake loans funds pursuant to this commitment, no further distributions will be made to unitholders (except in respect of any previously determined quarterly cash distribution amount and unless Chesapeake otherwise consents in writing) until such loan is repaid. There were no loans outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Unaudited)
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5.
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Distributions to Unitholders
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The Trust makes quarterly cash distributions of substantially all of its cash receipts, after deducting the Trust’s expenses, approximately 60 days following the completion of each quarter through (and including) the quarter ending June 30, 2031.
For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Trust declared and paid the following cash distributions:
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Production Period
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Distribution Date
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Cash Distribution per
Common Unit
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September 2019 - November 2019
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March 2, 2020
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$0.0371
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September 2018 - November 2018
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March 1, 2019
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$0.0631
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CHESAPEAKE GRANITE WASH TRUST
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Unaudited)
6. Subsequent Events
The Trust's quarterly income available for distribution was $0.0291 per common unit for the production period from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. On May 5, 2020, the Trust declared the May 2020 Distribution attributable to such production period. The distribution will be paid on June 1, 2020 to common unitholders of record as of May 20, 2020. All Trust unitholders share on a pro rata basis in the Trust's distributable income.
Distributable income attributable to production from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 was calculated as follows (in thousands, except for unit and per unit amounts):
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|
REVENUES:
|
|
|
Royalty income(a)
|
$
|
1,788
|
|
|
EXPENSES:
|
|
|
Production taxes(b)
|
(46
|
)
|
|
Trust administrative expenses(c)
|
(311
|
)
|
|
Total expenses
|
(357
|
)
|
|
Cash withheld to increase cash reserves(d)
|
(70
|
)
|
|
Distributable income available to common unitholders
|
$
|
1,361
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributable income per common unit(e)
|
$
|
0.0291
|
|
___________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
Net of certain post-production expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
Includes $119,010 of production taxes for current production offset by ($72,832) of prior period adjustments primarily related to tax refunds on taxes paid from 2010 to 2017.
|
|
|
|
|
(c)
|
Includes the cash advance for administrative expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
(d)
|
Commencing with the distribution to unitholders payable in first quarter 2019, the Trustee began withholding the greater of $70,000 or 3.5% of the funds otherwise available for distribution each quarter to gradually increase existing cash reserves by a total of approximately $850,000. The Trustee may increase or decrease the targeted amount at any time, and may increase or decrease the rate at which it is withholding funds to build the cash reserve at any time, without advance notice to the unitholders. Cash held in reserve will be invested as required by the Trust Agreement. Any cash reserved in excess of the amount necessary to pay or provide for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities eventually will be distributed to unitholders, together with interest earned on the funds.
|
|
|
|
|
(e)
|
Calculation of distributable income per common unit is based on 46,750,000 common units issued and outstanding as of May 4, 2020.
|
|
|
|
|
ITEM 2.
|
Trustee's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
|
Introduction
The following discussion and analysis is intended to help the reader understand the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Trust’s unaudited interim financial statements and the accompanying notes relating to the Trust and the Underlying Properties included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report as well as the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Recent Developments
COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Global Demand for Oil and Natural Gas
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. The pandemic has reached more than 200 countries and territories and has resulted in widespread adverse impacts on the global economy and on Chesapeake’s customers and other parties with whom it has business relations. To date, Chesapeake has experienced limited operational impacts as a result of the work from home restrictions or COVID-19 directly. As an essential business under the guidelines issued by each of the states in which it operates, Chesapeake has been allowed to continue operations, although for the health and safety of its employees Chesapeake chose to have its non-essential personnel work remotely. As a result, since mid-March, Chesapeake has restricted access to all of its offices and has directed employees to work remotely to the extent possible. Those employees who are unable to work from home are being closely monitored and are taking precautions to minimize the risk of exposure. These restrictions have allowed Chesapeake to maintain the engagement and connectivity of its personnel, as well as minimize the number of employees required in the office and field. However, future operations could be negatively affected if a significant number of Chesapeake’s employees are quarantined as a result of exposure to the virus.
There is considerable uncertainty regarding the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to spread and the extent and duration of governmental and other measures implemented to try to slow the spread of the virus, such as large-scale travel bans and restrictions, border closures, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and business and government shutdowns. One of the largest impacts of the pandemic has been a significant reduction in global demand for oil and, to a lesser extent, natural gas. This significant decline in demand has been met with a sharp decline in oil prices following the announcement of price reductions and production increases in March 2020 by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC+, and other foreign, oil-exporting countries. The resulting supply/demand imbalance is having disruptive impacts on the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry and on other industries that serve exploration and production companies. These industry conditions, coupled with those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, is expected to lead to significant global economic contraction generally and in our industry in particular.
Oil and natural gas prices have historically been volatile; however, the volatility in the prices for these commodities has substantially increased as a result of COVID-19 and the OPEC+ decisions mentioned above. While an agreement to cut production has since been announced by OPEC+ and its allies, the situation, coupled with the impact of COVID-19, has continued to result in a significant downturn in the oil and gas industry. Oil prices declined sharply in April 2020 and remain volatile. Strip pricing for natural gas has increased as a result of the oil price war; however, the impact of these recent developments and our business are unpredictable. We expect to see continued volatility in oil and natural gas prices for the foreseeable future, and such volatility, combined with the current depressed prices, has impacted and is expected to continue to adversely impact Chesapeake’s business, financial condition and results of operations and proceeds to the Trust and the Trust’s reserves and quarterly cash distributions to unitholders. A continued low level of demand or prices for oil and natural gas or otherwise would have a continued material adverse effect on Chesapeake’s business, financial condition and results of operations and on proceeds to the Trust and the Trust’s reserves and quarterly cash distributions to unitholders. In May 2020, Chesapeake disclosed that, if depressed commodity prices persist, combined with the scheduled reductions in the leverage ratio covenant and an expected significant reduction in Chesapeake’s borrowing base in its scheduled determination, its liquidity and ability to comply with the leverage ratio covenant under its revolving credit facility during the next 12 months will be adversely affected, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Based on Chesapeake’s current forecast, it does not expect to be in compliance with its financial covenants beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. Failure to comply with these covenants, if not waived, would result in an event of default under Chesapeake’s revolving credit facility, the potential acceleration of outstanding debt thereunder and the potential foreclosure on the collateral securing such debt, and could cause a cross-default under its other outstanding indebtedness.
We cannot predict the full impact that COVID-19 or the significant disruption and volatility currently being experienced in the oil and natural gas markets will have on Chesapeake’s business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations or on proceeds to the Trust and the Trust’s reserves and quarterly cash distributions to unitholders due to numerous uncertainties. The ultimate impacts will depend on future developments, including, among others, the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the consequences of governmental and other measures designed to prevent the spread of the virus, the development of effective treatments, the duration of the outbreak, actions taken by members of OPEC+ and other foreign, oil-exporting countries, governmental authorities, Chesapeake’s customers and other thirds parties, workforce availability, and the timing and extent to which normal economic and operating conditions resume. For additional discussion regarding risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, see Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report.
Overview
The Trust is a statutory trust formed in June 2011 under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. The business and affairs of the Trust are managed by the Trustee and, as necessary, the Delaware Trustee. The Trust does not conduct any operations or activities other than owning the Royalty Interests and activities related to such ownership. The Trust’s purpose is generally to own the Royalty Interests, to distribute to the Trust unitholders cash that the Trust receives in respect of the Royalty Interests and to perform certain administrative functions in respect of the Royalty Interests and the Trust units. The Trust derives all or substantially all of its income and cash flow from the Royalty Interests. The Trust is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Concurrent with the Trust's initial public offering in November 2011, Chesapeake conveyed the Royalty Interests to the Trust effective July 1, 2011, which included interests in (a) 69 Producing Wells in the Colony Granite Wash play and (b) 118 Development Wells that Chesapeake was obligated to drill, cause to be drilled or participate as a non-operator in the drilling of, from drill sites in the AMI, on or prior to June 30, 2016. As of June 30, 2016, Chesapeake fulfilled its drilling obligation under the development agreement. Chesapeake retained an interest in each of the Producing Wells and Development Wells, and currently operates 96% of the Producing Wells and the completed Development Wells.
The Trust was not responsible for any costs related to the drilling of the Development Wells and is not responsible for any other operating or capital costs of the Underlying Properties, and Chesapeake was not permitted to drill and complete any well in the Colony Granite Wash formation on acreage included within the AMI for its own account until it had satisfied its drilling obligation to the Trust.
The Royalty Interests entitle the Trust to receive 90% of the proceeds (after deducting certain post-production expenses and any applicable taxes) from the sales of production of oil, natural gas and NGL attributable to Chesapeake’s
net revenue interest in the Producing Wells and 50% of the proceeds (after deducting certain post-production expenses and any applicable taxes) from the sales of oil, natural gas and NGL production attributable to Chesapeake’s net revenue interest in the Development Wells. Post-production expenses generally consist of costs incurred to gather, store, compress, transport, process, treat, dehydrate and market the oil, natural gas and NGL produced. However, the Trust is not responsible for costs of marketing services provided by Chesapeake or its affiliates.
The Trust is required to make quarterly cash distributions of substantially all of its cash receipts, after deducting the Trust’s administrative expenses, on or about 60 days following the completion of each calendar quarter through (and including) the quarter ending June 30, 2031. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, a distribution was paid on March 2, 2020. See Liquidity and Capital Resources below and Note 5 to the financial statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report for more information regarding these distributions.
The amount of Trust revenues and cash distributions to Trust unitholders fluctuates from quarter to quarter depending on several factors, including, but not limited to:
|
|
|
|
•
|
timing and amount of production and sales from the Development and Producing Wells;
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
oil, natural gas and NGL prices received;
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
volumes of oil, natural gas and NGL produced and sold;
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
certain post-production expenses and any applicable taxes; and
|
Results of Trust Operations
The quarterly payments to the Trust with respect to the Royalty Interests are based on the amount of proceeds actually received by Chesapeake during the preceding calendar quarter. Proceeds from production are typically received by Chesapeake in the month following the month of production. Due to the timing of the payment of production proceeds, quarterly distributions made by Chesapeake to the Trust generally include royalties attributable to sales of oil, natural gas and NGL for three months, comprised of the first two months of the quarter just ended and the last month of the quarter prior to that one. Chesapeake is required to make the Royalty Interest payments to the Trust within 35 days after the end of each calendar quarter. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Trust received payments on the Royalty Interests representing royalties attributable to proceeds from sales of oil, natural gas and NGL for September 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019.
The Trust's revenues and distributable income available to unitholders were adversely affected throughout 2019 and to date in 2020 by natural declines in production and depressed commodity prices including, with respect to the current quarter, as a result of COVID-19 and the OPEC+ decisions discussed in this Quarterly Report. The Trust expects production to decline further and expects distributable income to continue to be adversely affected.
The Trust's Investment in Royalty Interests is subject to a quarterly full cost ceiling test. In the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Trust recognized no impairments of the Royalty Interests. See Investment in Royalty Interests in Note 2 to the financial statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report and Trust Operations for further discussion.
Distributable Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
|
($ in thousands, except per unit data)
|
|
Distributable income available to unitholders
|
$
|
1,733
|
|
|
$
|
2,952
|
|
|
(41
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributable income per common unit
|
$
|
0.0371
|
|
|
$
|
0.0631
|
|
|
(41
|
)%
|
_____________________________________________________
The $1,219,000 decrease in distributable income during the current quarter was primarily due to a decrease in sales volumes of oil, natural gas and NGL and the average realized price per boe in the production period from September 1, 2019 to November 30, 2019 (current production quarter) as compared to the production period from September 1, 2018 to November 30, 2018 (prior production quarter).
Royalty Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
|
($ in thousands, except per unit data)
|
|
Royalty income(a)
|
$
|
2,016
|
|
|
$
|
3,363
|
|
|
(40
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated production from trust properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil sales volumes (MBbl)
|
20
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
(20
|
)%
|
|
Natural gas sales volumes (MMcf)
|
511
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
(17
|
)%
|
|
Natural gas liquids sales volumes (MBbl)
|
42
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
(18
|
)%
|
|
Total sales volumes (Mboe)
|
147
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
(18
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average prices received for production(b):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil ($/Bbl)
|
$
|
51.06
|
|
|
$
|
61.22
|
|
|
(17
|
)%
|
|
Natural gas ($/Mcf)
|
$
|
0.81
|
|
|
$
|
1.09
|
|
|
(26
|
)%
|
|
Natural gas liquids ($/Bbl)
|
$
|
14.17
|
|
|
$
|
23.02
|
|
|
(38
|
)%
|
|
Total average price received ($/boe)
|
$
|
13.69
|
|
|
$
|
18.79
|
|
|
(27
|
)%
|
_____________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
Net of certain post-production expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
Includes the impact of certain post-production expenses but excludes production taxes.
|
The decrease in the average price received per barrel of oil equivalent (boe) in the current production quarter compared to the prior production quarter resulted in a decrease of approximately $753,000 in royalty income. Additionally, lower sales volumes in the current production quarter decreased royalty income by approximately $594,000, for a total decrease in royalty income of approximately $1,347,000. The 32 mboe decrease in total sales attributable to the Royalty Interests for the current production quarter compared to the prior production quarter is primarily due to natural declines in production from the Producing Wells and Development Wells.
Production Taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
|
($ in thousands, except per unit data)
|
|
Production taxes
|
$
|
(164
|
)
|
|
$
|
241
|
|
|
(168
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production taxes per boe
|
$
|
(1.12
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.35
|
|
|
(183
|
)%
|
Production taxes are calculated as a percentage of oil, natural gas and NGL revenues, net of any applicable tax credits. The decrease in production taxes in the current quarter is primarily due to a decrease in volumes produced and tax refunds received in the current quarter related to taxes paid from 2010 to 2017.
Trust Administrative Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
2020
|
|
2019
|
|
Change
|
|
|
($ in thousands, except per unit data)
|
|
Trust administrative expenses(a)
|
$
|
377
|
|
|
$
|
63
|
|
|
498
|
%
|
_____________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
Including cash advance for administrative expenses.
|
Trust administrative expenses primarily consist of the administrative fees paid to the Trustees and Chesapeake as well as costs for accounting and legal services. The increase in expenses in the current quarter is primarily due to the timing of cash advances and increases audit fees incurred.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Trust’s principal sources of liquidity and capital are cash flows generated from the Royalty Interests and the loan commitment as described below. The Trust’s primary uses of cash are distributions to Trust unitholders, payments of production taxes, payments of Trust administrative expenses, including any reserves established by the Trustee for future liabilities and repayment of loans and payments of expense reimbursements to Chesapeake for out-of-pocket expenses incurred on behalf of the Trust. Administrative expenses include payments to the Trustees, as well as a quarterly fee of $50,000 to Chesapeake pursuant to an administrative services agreement. Each quarter, the Trustee determines the amount of funds available for distribution. Available funds are the excess cash, if any, received by the Trust from the sales of oil, natural gas and NGL production attributable to the Royalty Interests during the quarter, over the Trust’s expenses for the quarter and any cash reserve for the payment of liabilities of the Trust. The Trust does not undertake or control any capital projects or capital expenditures. These capital expenditures, if any, are controlled and paid by Chesapeake.
The Trust’s revenue and distributions are substantially dependent upon the prevailing and future prices for oil, natural gas and NGL, each of which depends on numerous factors beyond the Trust’s control such as economic conditions, regulatory developments and competition from other energy sources. Oil, natural gas and NGL prices historically have been volatile and may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future; however, the volatility in the prices for these commodities has substantially increased as a result of COVID-19 and the OPEC+ decisions discussed in this Quarterly Report. We expect to see continued volatility in oil and natural gas prices for the foreseeable future, and such volatility has impacted and is expected to continue to adversely impact Chesapeake’s business, financial condition and results of operations and proceeds to the Trust and the Trust’s reserves and quarterly cash distributions to unitholders. The Trust does not have the ability to enter into derivative contracts to mitigate the effect of this price volatility.
The Trust is required to make quarterly cash distributions of substantially all of its cash receipts, after deducting the Trust’s administrative expenses, on or about 60 days following the completion of each calendar quarter through (and including) the quarter ending June 30, 2031. The 2020 first quarter distribution of $0.0371 per common unit, consisting of proceeds attributable to production from September 1, 2019 through November 30, 2019, was made on March 2, 2020 to record unitholders as of February 19, 2020.
The Trust's quarterly income available for distribution was $0.0291 per common unit consisting of proceeds attributable to production from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. On May 5, 2020, the Trust declared the May 2020 Distribution, attributable to such production period. The distribution will be paid on June 1, 2020 to common unitholders of record as of May 20, 2020. All Trust unitholders share on a pro rata basis in the Trust's distributable income. Distributable income attributable to production from December 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 was calculated as follows (in thousands, except for unit and per unit amounts):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUES:
|
|
|
Royalty income(a)
|
$
|
1,788
|
|
|
EXPENSES:
|
|
|
Production taxes(b)
|
(46
|
)
|
|
Trust administrative expenses(c)
|
(311
|
)
|
|
Total expenses
|
(357
|
)
|
|
Cash withheld to increase cash reserves(d)
|
(70
|
)
|
|
Distributable income available to common unitholders
|
$
|
1,361
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributable income per common unit(e)
|
$
|
0.0291
|
|
___________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
Net of certain post-production expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
Includes $119,010 of production taxes for current production offset by ($72,832) of prior period adjustments primarily related to tax refunds on taxes paid from 2010 to 2017.
|
|
|
|
|
(c)
|
Includes the cash advance for administrative expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
(d)
|
Commencing with the distribution to unitholders payable in first quarter 2019, the Trustee began withholding the greater of $70,000 or 3.5% of the funds otherwise available for distribution each quarter to gradually increase existing cash reserves by a total of approximately $850,000. The Trustee may increase or decrease the targeted amount at any time, and may increase or decrease the rate at which it is withholding funds to build the cash reserve at any time, without advance notice to the unitholders. Cash held in reserve will be invested as required by the Trust Agreement. Any cash reserved in excess of the amount necessary to pay or provide for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities eventually will be distributed to unitholders, together with interest earned on the funds. As of March 31, 2020, $387,075 has been withheld to increase cash reserves.
|
|
|
|
|
(e)
|
Calculation of distributable income per common unit is based on 46,750,000 commons units issued and outstanding as of May 4, 2020.
|
The Trustee can authorize the Trust to borrow money to pay Trust expenses that exceed cash held by the Trust. The Trustee may authorize the Trust to borrow from the Trustee as a lender provided the terms of the loan are fair to the Trust unitholders. The Trustee may also deposit funds awaiting distribution in an account with itself, if the interest paid to the Trust at least equals amounts paid by the Trustee on similar deposits, and make other short-term investments with the funds distributed to the Trust. The Trustee may also hold funds awaiting distribution in a non-interest-bearing account.
Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, if at any time the Trust’s cash on hand (including cash reserves, if any) is not sufficient to pay the Trust’s ordinary course expenses as they become due, Chesapeake will loan funds to the Trust necessary to pay such expenses. Any funds loaned by Chesapeake pursuant to this commitment will be limited to the payment of current accounts payable or other obligations to trade creditors in connection with obtaining goods or services or the payment of other current liabilities arising in the ordinary course of the Trust’s business and may not be used to satisfy Trust indebtedness for borrowed money of the Trust. If Chesapeake loans funds pursuant to this commitment, unless Chesapeake agrees otherwise in writing, no further distributions may be made to unitholders (except in respect of any previously determined quarterly cash distribution amount) until such loan is repaid. There were no loans outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Trust has no off-balance sheet arrangements. The Trust has not guaranteed the debt of any other party, nor does the Trust have any other arrangements or relationships with other entities that could potentially result in unconsolidated debt, losses or contingent obligations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report for a discussion of significant accounting policies and estimates that impact the Trust's financial statements. Critical accounting policies and estimates relating to the Trust are contained in Item 7 of Part II of the 2019 Form 10-K.
|
|
|
|
ITEM 3.
|
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
|
Oil, Natural Gas and NGL Price Risk. The Trust’s primary asset and source of income is the Royalty Interests, which generally entitles the Trust to receive a portion of the net proceeds from the sales of oil, natural gas and NGL from the Underlying Properties. The Trust is significantly exposed to fluctuations in the prices received for oil, natural gas and NGL produced and sold which have been historically volatile and are even more volatile as a result of COVID-19 and the OPEC+ decisions discussed in this Quarterly Report.
Credit Risk Associated with Chesapeake. Chesapeake’s ability to perform its obligations to the Trust will depend on its future results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and ability to comply with the financial covenants contained in its debt instruments, which in turn will depend upon the supply and demand for oil, natural gas and NGL, prevailing economic conditions, and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond Chesapeake’s control and subject to the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic turmoil. See Risks and Uncertainties in Note 2 to the financial statements contained in Item 1 of Part 1 of this Quarterly Report for further discussion of Chesapeake's ability to continue as a going concern.
In the event of a bankruptcy of Chesapeake or the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Chesapeake that conveyed the Royalty Interests to the Trust, the Trust could lose the value of all of the Royalty Interests if a bankruptcy court were to hold that the Royalty Interests constitute an asset of the bankruptcy estate. Chesapeake could also be unable to provide support to the Trust through loans and performance of its management duties.
|
|
|
|
ITEM 4.
|
Controls and Procedures
|
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
The Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Trust in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust is accumulated and communicated by Chesapeake to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as the Trustee of the Trust, and its employees who participate in the preparation of the Trust’s periodic reports as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The Vice President of the Trustee has evaluated the effectiveness of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on her evaluation, as of March 31, 2020, she has concluded that the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective.
Due to the nature of the Trust as a passive entity and in light of the contractual arrangements pursuant to which the Trust was created, including the provisions of (a) the Trust Agreement, (b) the administrative services agreement, (c) the development agreement and (d) the conveyances granting the Royalty Interests, the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures necessarily rely on (i) information provided by Chesapeake, including information relating to results of operations, the costs and revenues attributable to the Trust’s interests under the conveyance and other operating and historical data, plans for future operating and capital expenditures, reserve information, information relating to projected production, and other information relating to the status and results of operations of the underlying properties and the Royalty Interests, and (ii) conclusions and reports regarding reserves by the Trust’s independent reserve engineers. Although the Trustee does rely on Chesapeake to perform certain functions and to provide certain information that impact the Trust’s financial statements, the Trustee remains responsible for evaluating, as appropriate, the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures as well as its internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
There were no changes in the Trust's internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust's internal control over financial reporting.