MELBOURNE--BHP Billiton Ltd.'s (BHP) metallurgical coal joint venture in eastern Australia has prematurely axed a contract with Leighton Holdings Ltd. (LEI.AU) and replaced the mining contractor with a smaller private company in an effort to slash costs.

The contracting arm of Australia's Leighton will cease work at the Peak Downs coal mine in Queensland state--which is owned by a joint venture between BHP and Mitsubishi Corp. (8058.TO)--two years earlier than expected, Leighton and BHP Billiton said Wednesday. BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance has instead hired HSE Mining Pty. Ltd. to remove overburden at the mine site.

The decision reflects the pressures facing mining companies as prices for coal remain subdued due to weaker Asian demand and as the strength of the Australian dollar weighs on an industry that operates using the U.S. currency. BHP's joint venture last year closed two struggling mines in Queensland, while other companies have cut jobs and deferred expansion projects.

"Against a backdrop of increasing costs and falling commodity prices, BMA continues to focus on reducing its overheads and operating costs across the business," a spokeswoman for BHP said in an emailed reply to questions. She added that this included reviewing arrangements with contractors to ensure operations remain cost competitive.

Leighton said in a statement it would be entitled to compensation for early termination of the contract. It said it expects to lose as much as 260 million Australian dollars (US$272.8 million) of work over the next two years as a result of the contract ending early.

A spokeswoman at Leighton wasn't immediately available for comment.

Leighton's shares are trading down 0.9% at A$19.90, outpacing a slight decline in the wider market. BHP's shares are up 3.1% at A$58.51, matching gains by other mining companies.

Write to Robb M. Stewart at robb.m.stewart@wsj.com and Rhiannon Hoyle at rhiannon.hoyle@wsj.com

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