Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36833

VolitionRx Limited

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		91-1949078
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1489 West Warm Springs Road, Suite 110 Henderson, Nevada		89014
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

+1 (646) 650–1351

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	VNRX	NYSE American, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of August 13, 2024, there were 92,101,479 shares of the registrant’s $0.001 par value common stock issued and outstanding.

VOLITIONRX LIMITED

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)	4

Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	29

Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	36

Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	36

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	38

Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS	38

Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	38

Item 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	38

Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	38

Item 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	38

Item 6.	EXHIBITS	39

SIGNATURES		40

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Use of Terms

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “VolitionRx,” “Volition,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are references to VolitionRx Limited and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Volition Global Services SRL, Singapore Volition Pte. Limited, Belgian Volition SRL, Volition Diagnostics UK Limited, Volition America, Inc., and its majority-owned subsidiary, Volition Veterinary Diagnostics Development LLC. Additionally, unless otherwise specified, all references to “$” refer to the legal currency of the United States of America.

Nucleosomics^TM,, Capture-PCR^TM. Nu.Q^® and their respective logos are trademarks and/or service marks of VolitionRx and its subsidiaries. All other trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to herein are the property of their respective owners.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024, or this Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which statements are subject to considerable risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report or incorporated by reference into this Report are forward-looking statements. These statements include, among other things, statements regarding predictions of earnings, revenues, expenses or other financial items; plans or expectations with respect to our development activities or business strategy; clinical studies and results; industry trends; anticipated demand for our products, or the products of our competitors; manufacturing forecasts, and the potential impact of our relationship with contract manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers on our business; the commercialization of our products and the relationships and anticipated outcome of our engagements with our licensors; the future cost and potential benefits of our research and development efforts; forecasts of our liquidity position or available cash resources; our anticipated use of our cash reserves; the impact of pending litigation; and statements relating to the assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Throughout this Report, we have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “may,” “believe,” “will,” “could,” “project,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “should,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “forecasts,” “goal,” “seek,” “intend,” other forms of these words or similar words or expressions or the negative thereof (although not all forward-looking statements contain these words).

We have based our forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about trends affecting our business and industry and other future events. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our future business, financial condition, results of operations or performance, to differ materially from our historical results or those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement contained in this Report.

Some significant factors that may impact our estimates and forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

·	Our inability to generate any significant revenues or achieve profitability;
·	Our need to raise additional capital in the future;
·	Our expansion of our product development and sales and marketing capabilities could give rise to difficulties in managing our growth;
·	Our dependence on third-party distributors;
·	Our limited experience with sales and marketing;
·	The possibility that we may not be able to continue to operate, as indicated by the “going concern” opinion from our auditors;
·	Our ability to successfully develop, manufacture, market, and sell our future products;
·	Our ability to timely obtain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals to distribute and market our future products;
·	The acceptance by the marketplace of our future products;
·	The highly competitive and rapidly changing nature of the diagnostics market;
·	Protection of our patents, intellectual property and trade secrets;
·	Our reliance on third parties to manufacture and supply our intended products, and such manufacturers’ dependence on third-party suppliers;
·	Pressures related to macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions;
·	The material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that we have identified; and
·	Other risks identified elsewhere in this Report, as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or (the “SEC”).

In addition, actual results may differ as a result of additional risks and uncertainties of which we are currently unaware or which we do not currently view as material to our business. For these reasons, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Our actual financial condition and results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” within this Report, as well as in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2024, or our Annual Report, in the documents that we file as exhibits to this Report and the documents that we incorporate by reference into this Report, with the understanding that our future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. The forward-looking statements we make speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as required by law or the listing rules of the NYSE American Market, we expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date hereof. If we do update or correct any forward-looking statements, readers should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements with these cautionary statements.

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

	Page

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit	7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

	June 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
	$			$
ASSETS	(UNAUDITED)
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		5,998,928			20,729,983
Accounts receivable		166,262			242,617
Prepaid expenses		828,965			521,370
Other current assets		350,927			360,125
Total Current Assets		7,345,082			21,854,095

Property and equipment, net		4,878,417			5,523,013
Operating lease right-of-use assets		512,317			549,504
Intangible assets, net		332,221			23,886
Total Assets		13,068,037			27,950,498

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

Current Liabilities
Accounts payable		3,348,322			3,211,287
Accrued liabilities		3,227,595			3,928,761
Deferred revenue		22,938,400			23,000,000
Management and directors’ fees payable		25,073			59,625
Current portion of long-term debt		1,043,142			1,207,007
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		47,718			48,570
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		190,099			199,323
Current portion of grant repayable		54,168			55,855
Warrant liability		101,097			126,649
Total Current Liabilities		30,975,614			31,837,077

Long-term debt, net of current portion		3,865,357			3,624,860
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		363,927			400,022
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		350,810			378,054
Grant repayable, net of current portion		409,940			422,707
Total Long-Term Liabilities		4,990,034			4,825,643
Total Liabilities		35,965,648			36,662,720

Stockholders' Deficit
Common Stock
Authorized: 100,000,000 shares of common stock, at $0.001 par value per share
Issued and outstanding: 82,928,314 shares and 81,898,321 shares, respectively		82,928			81,898
Additional paid-in capital		195,755,863			194,448,414
Accumulated other comprehensive income		282,252			243,940
Accumulated deficit		(217,929,441	)		(202,576,507	)
Total VolitionRx Limited Stockholders' Deficit		(21,808,398	)		(7,802,255	)
Non-controlling interest		(1,089,213	)		(909,967	)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(22,897,611	)		(8,712,222	)

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit		13,068,037			27,950,498

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	$		$		$		$
Revenues
Services		116,090		50,163		155,866		55,519
Product		279,707		166,147		411,466		310,599
Total Revenues		395,797		216,310		567,332		366,118

Operating Expenses
Research and development		3,715,797		5,451,287		8,345,324		10,356,965
General and administrative		2,284,041		2,644,957		4,537,784		5,226,660
Sales and marketing		1,386,378		1,669,102		3,059,147		3,376,559
Total Operating Expenses		7,386,216		9,765,346		15,942,255		18,960,184
Operating Loss		(6,990,419)		(9,549,036)		(15,374,923)		(18,594,066)

Other Income (Expenses)
Grant income		-		-		-		165,795
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		(33,498)		-		(33,498)		-
Interest income		450		27,109		9,104		84,757
Interest expense		(81,182)		(58,321)		(158,415)		(109,643)
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		44,474		28,971		25,552		28,971
Total Other Income (Expenses)		(69,756)		(2,241)		(157,257)		169,880
Net Loss		(7,060,175)		(9,551,277)		(15,532,180)		(18,424,186)
Net Loss Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest		74,629		80,298		179,246		173,659
Net Loss Attributable to VolitionRx Limited Stockholders		(6,985,546)		(9,470,979)		(15,352,934)		(18,250,527)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		23,286		37,712		38,312		(18,766)
Net Comprehensive Loss		(7,036,889)		(9,513,565)		(15,493,868)		(18,442,952)

Net Loss Per Share – Basic and Diluted Attributable to VolitionRx Limited		(0.08)		(0.14)		(0.19)		(0.29	)

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
– Basic and Diluted		82,669,335		66,884,368		82,312,161		63,613,224

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023


								Accumulated
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Other Comprehensive		Accumulated			Non - Controlling
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Income		Deficit			Interest			Total
	#		$		$			$		$			$			$
Balance, December 31, 2023		81,898,321		81,898		194,448,414			243,940		(202,576,507	)		(909,967	)		(8,712,222	)
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs		13,350		13		15,721			-		-			-			15,734
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs		68,169		69		(69	)		-		-			-			-
Common stock issued in lieu of license fee		129,132		129		125,129			-		-			-			125,258
Stock-based compensation		-		-		411,220			-		-			-			411,220
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation		-		-		(3,062	)		-		-			-			(3,062	)
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			15,026		-			-			15,026
Net loss for the period		-		-		-			-		(8,367,388	)		(104,617	)		(8,472,005	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		82,108,972		82,109		194,997,353			258,966		(210,943,895	)		(1,014,584	)		(16,620,051	)

Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs		734,155		734		588,754			-		-			-			589,488
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs		85,187		85		(85	)		-		-			-			-
Stock-based compensation		-		-		208,046			-		-			-			208,046
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation		-		-		(38,205	)		-		-			-			(38,205	)
Foreign currency translation		-		-		-			23,286		-			-			23,286
Net loss for the period		-		-		-			-		(6,985,546	)		(74,629	)		(7,060,175	)
Balance, June 30, 2024		82,928,314		82,928		195,755,863			282,252		(217,929,441	)		(1,089,213	)		(22,897,611	)

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars, except share numbers)

										Accumulated
							Additional			Other						Non -
	Common Stock						Paid-in			Comprehensive			Accumulated			Controlling
	Shares			Amount			Capital			Income (Loss)			Deficit			Interest			Total
	#			$			$			$			$			$			$
Balance, December 31, 2022		57,873,379			57,873			164,397,468			227,097			(167,257,429	)		(551,971	)		(3,126,962	)
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs		5,225,703			5,225			8,422,430			-			-			-			8,427,655
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs		26,978			27			(27	)		-			-			-			-
Stock-based compensation		-			-			693,657			-			-			-			693,657
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation		-			-			(14,336	)		-			-			-			(14,336	)
Common stock repurchased		(13,294	)		(13	)		(31,759	)		-			-			-			(31,772	)
Foreign currency translation		-			-			-			(56,478	)		-			-			(56,478	)
Net loss for the period		-			-			-			-			(8,779,348	)		(93,561	)		(8,872,909	)
Balance, March 31, 2023		63,112,766			63,112			173,467,433			170,619			(176,036,777	)		(645,532	)		(2,981,145	)

Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs		14,950,000			14,950			17,071,656			-			-			-			17,086,606
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs		74,598			75			(75	)		-			-			-			-
Stock-based compensation		-			-			592,174			-			-			-			592,174
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation		-			-			(65,895	)		-			-			-			(65,895	)
Foreign currency translation		-			-			-			37,712			-			-			37,712
Net loss for the period		-			-			-			-			(9,470,979	)		(80,298	)		(9,551,277	)
Balance, June 30, 2023		78,137,364			78,137			191,065,293			208,331			(185,507,756	)		(725,830	)		5,118,175

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Expressed in United States Dollars)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023
	$			$
Operating Activities
Net loss		(15,532,180	)		(18,424,186	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		532,504			560,313
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		113,034			127,210
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		33,498			-
Stock-based compensation		619,266			1,285,831
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(25,552	)		(28,971	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses		(307,595	)		(166,351	)
Accounts receivable		76,357			(196,487	)
Other current assets		9,198			(95,073	)
Deferred revenue, current and non-current		(61,600	)		-
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(384,567	)		961,764
Management and directors’ fees payable		(34,552	)		9,019
Right-of-use assets operating leases liabilities		(112,199	)		(125,393	)
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities		(15,074,388	)		(16,092,324	)
Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(68,161	)		(501,986	)
Purchase of License		(171,095	)		-
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities		(239,256	)		(501,986	)
Financing Activities
Net proceeds from issuances of common stock		605,222			25,881,221
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation		(41,267	)		(80,231	)
Common stock repurchased		-			(31,772	)
Proceeds from long-term debt		754,457			216,908
Payments on long-term debt		(530,732	)		(475,965	)
Payments on finance lease obligations		(23,643	)		(23,188	)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities		764,037			25,486,973
Effect of foreign exchange on cash		(181,448	)		(16,439	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(14,731,055	)		8,876,224
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of the period		20,729,983			10,867,050
Cash and cash equivalents – End of Period		5,998,928			19,743,274

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid		158,415			109,643
Non-Cash Financing Activities
Common stock issued upon cashless exercises of stock options and settlement of vested RSUs		282			102
Offering costs from issuance of common stock		-			239,772
Fair value of warrants issued in connection with public offering		-			366,960
Common stock issued for License rights		125,258			-
Non-cash note payable		294,603			356,258

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements)

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of VolitionRx Limited (the “Company” or “VolitionRx”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q of Regulation S-X. They do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The December 31, 2023 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2024 (the “Annual Report”). The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, have been made. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications within operating expenses have been made to the prior period’s financial statements to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. There is no impact in total to the results of operations and cash flows in all periods presented.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. These amendments are to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring; (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. These amendments are to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company currently believes there are no other issued and not yet effective accounting standards that are materially relevant to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Fair Value Measurements

Pursuant to ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” an entity is required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The financial instruments of the Company consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, debt, and a warrant liability. These items are considered Level 1 due to their short-term nature and their market interest rates, except for the warrant liability, which is considered Level 2 and is recorded at fair value at the end of each reporting period.

Included in the following table are the Company’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024.

Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024

Description

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Liabilities

Warrant liability

101,097

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

As of December 31, 2023, the warrant liability was $126,649. The following table provides a roll-forward of the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as follows:

Warrant Liability
	Total
	$
Balance at December 31, 2023		126,649
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(25,552	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		101,097

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” which requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. As of June 30, 2024, 9,297,073 potential common shares equivalents from warrants, options, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations as their effect is anti-dilutive.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 2 – Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared using GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. Management assesses liquidity and going concern uncertainty in the Company’s consolidated financial statements to determine whether there is sufficient cash on hand and working capital, including available borrowings on loans, to operate for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued, which is referred to as the “look-forward period,” as defined in GAAP. As part of this assessment, based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to management, management considered various scenarios, forecasts, projections, estimates and made certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, its ability to delay or curtail expenditures or programs and its ability to raise additional capital, if necessary, among other factors.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss of $15.5 million and used cash flows in operating activities of $15.1 million. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $6.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $217.9 million.

The Company has generated operating losses and has experienced negative cash flows from operations since inception. The Company has not generated significant revenues and expects to incur further losses in the future, particularly from continued development of its clinical-stage diagnostic tests and commercialization activities. The future of the Company as an operating business will depend on its ability to obtain sufficient capital contributions, financing and/or generate revenues as may be required to sustain its operations. Management plans to address the above as needed by, (a) granting licenses and/or distribution rights to third parties in exchange for specified up-front and/or back-end payments, (b) obtaining additional financing through debt or equity transactions, (c) securing additional grant funds, and (d) developing and commercializing its products in an efficient manner. Management continues to exercise tight cost controls to conserve cash. As part of the Company’s cash conservation efforts, directors and certain employees have elected to exchange a portion of their salary for RSUs in the Company for a period of up to six months.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully accomplish the plans described in the preceding paragraph and to eventually attain profitable operations.

Management assessed the mitigating effect of its plans to determine if it is probable that the plans would be effectively implemented within one year after the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued and when implemented, would mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These plans are subject to market conditions and reliance on third parties, and there is no assurance that effective implementation of the Company’s plans will result in the necessary funding to continue current operations and satisfy current and expected debt obligations. The Company has implemented short-term cash preservation and cost-saving initiatives to conserve cash. The Company concluded that these plans do not alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern beyond one year from the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of assets and their carrying amounts, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 3 - Property and Equipment

The Company’s property and equipment consisted of the following amounts as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

		June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Useful Life	Cost $		Cost $
Computer hardware and software	3 years		723,206		724,534
Laboratory equipment	5 years		4,630,385		4,753,253
Office furniture and equipment	5 years		370,493		378,800
Buildings	30 years		2,049,211		2,113,031
Building improvements	5-15 years		1,574,428		1,610,016
Land	Not amortized		128,467		132,468
Total property and equipment			9,476,190		9,712,102
Less accumulated depreciation			4,597,773		4,189,089
Total property and equipment net			4,878,417		5,523,013

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $545,128 and $517,921, respectively, in depreciation expense.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 4 - Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets consist of patents, mainly acquired in the acquisition of Belgian Volition. The patents are being amortized over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which range from 8 to 20 years.

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Cost $		Cost $
Patents		1,098,717		1,130,936
Licenses		296,353		-
Total Patents and Licenses		1,395,070		1,130,936
Less accumulated amortization		1,062,849		1,107,050
Total patents and Licenses, net		332,221		23,886

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $(12,624) and $42,392, respectively, in amortization expense.

The Company amortizes the patents and licenses on a straight-line basis with terms ranging from 8 to 20 years. The annual estimated amortization schedule over the next five years is as follows:

2024	$	16,057
2025	$	20,448
2026	$	20,448
2027	$	20,448
2028	$	20,448
Greater than 5 years	$	234,372
Total Intangible Assets	$	332,221

The Company periodically reviews its long-lived assets to ensure that their carrying value does not exceed their fair market value. The Company carried out such a review in accordance with ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment,” as of December 31, 2023. The result of this review confirmed that the ongoing value of the patents was not impaired as of December 31, 2023.

Note 5 - Related-Party Transactions

See Note 6, Common Stock, for common stock issued to related parties and Note 7, Stock-Based Compensation, for stock options, warrants and RSUs issued to related parties. The Company has agreements with related parties for the purchase of consultancy services which are accrued under management and directors’ fees payable (see condensed consolidated balance sheets).

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 6 - Common Stock

As of June 30, 2024, the Company was authorized to issue 100 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 82,928,314 and 81,898,321 shares were issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Stock Option Exercises

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, no shares of common stock were issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options.

Stock Options Expired / Cancelled

On April 16, 2024, 36,821 vested stock options previously granted to an employee were cancelled and returned as authorized shares under the 2015 Plan on the expiration of the exercise period following the resignation of such employee.

RSU Settlements

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs vested and settled during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs Vested (#)		Vest Date	Shares Issued (#)		Shares Withheld for Taxes (#)
2015		21,582	Feb 8, 2024		21,582		-
2015		9,000	Mar 1, 2024		6,057		2,943
2015		44,217	Mar 27, 2024		40,530		3,687
2015		51,000	Apr 4, 2024		32,337		18,663
2015		50,000	May 1, 2024		34,496		15,504
2015		11,500	Jun 1, 2024		6,670		4,830
2015		14,962	Jun 15, 2024		11,684		3,278
		202,261			153,356		48,905

Warrants Issued in Equity Capital Raise

In connection with the June 2023 underwritten public offering of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the underwriting agreement with Prime Executions, Inc. dba Freedom Capital Markets (“Freedom”) dated June 1, 2023, the Company issued Freedom warrants to purchase an aggregate of 448,500 shares of Company common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share. The Company evaluated the warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the specific terms of the warrants and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480 and ASC 815-40. The Company determined the warrants issued to Freedom failed the indexation guidance under ASC 815-40, specifically, the warrants provide for a Black-Scholes value calculation in the event of certain transactions (“Fundamental Transactions”), which includes a floor on volatility utilized in the value calculation at 100% or greater. The Company has determined that this provision introduces leverage to the holders of the warrants that could result in a value that would be greater than the settlement amount of a fixed-for-fixed option on the Company’s own equity shares. Accordingly, pursuant to ASC 815-40, the Company has classified the fair value of the warrants as a liability upon issuance and marked to market each reporting period in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations until their exercise or expiration.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 6 - Common Stock (continued)

Warrants Issued in Equity Capital Raise (continued)

The fair value of the warrants as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, were $101,097 and $126,649 respectively. The warrant liability was estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions.

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023

Risk-free interest rate		4.43	%		3.89	%
Expected volatility		82.80	%		76.30	%
Expected life (years)		3.94			4.44
Expected dividend yield		-			-
Total fair value	$	101,097		$	126,649

The fair value of the warrants deemed to be a liability, due to certain contingent put features, was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which was deemed to be an appropriate model due to the terms of the warrants issued, including a fixed term and exercise price.

Common Stock Issued for EpiCypher License Agreement

On March 12, 2024, the Company issued 129,132 shares of restricted common stock to EpiCypher, Inc. at a price of $0.97 per share as partial consideration for license rights in connection with a License Agreement between EpiCypher and Belgian Volition.

Equity Distribution Agreement

On May 20, 2022, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “2022 EDA”) with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”) to sell shares of the Company’s common stock, with an aggregate offering price of up to $25.0 million, from time to time through an “at the market” offering pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-259783) effective November 8, 2021) (the “2021 Form S-3”) through Jefferies acting as the Company’s agent and/or principal. The Company is not obligated to sell any shares under the 2022 EDA.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company raised aggregate net proceeds (net of broker commissions and fees) of approximately $605,221 under the 2022 EDA through the sale of 747,505 shares of its common stock. As of June 30, 2024, the Company has raised aggregate net proceeds (net of broker commissions and fees) of approximately $2.1 million under the 2022 EDA through the sale of 1,378,037 shares of its common stock.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation

a) Warrants

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants of the Company outstanding during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024.

	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		862,500		3.05
Granted		-		-
Expired/Cancelled		-		-
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		862,500		3.05

Exercisable at June 30, 2024		862,500		3.05

Below is a table summarizing the warrants issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024, which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.33 years.

Number Outstanding	Number Exercisable		Exercise Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Proceeds to Company if Exercised ($)
448,500		448,500		2.00		3.96		897,000
54,000		54,000		3.05		4.26		164,700
50,000		50,000		3.45		1.67		172,500
125,000		125,000		3.95		2.51		493,750
185,000		185,000		4.90		2.59		906,500
862,500		862,500						2,634,450

Stock-based compensation expense related to warrants of $5,238 and $20,320 was recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested warrants is $nil. As of June 30, 2024, the total intrinsic value of warrants outstanding was $nil.

b) Options

The following table summarizes the changes in options outstanding of the Company during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024.

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		4,699,569			3.87
Expired/Cancelled		(36,821	)		3.40
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		4,662,748			3.88

Exercisable at June 30, 2024		4,662,748			3.88

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

b) Options (continued)

Below is a table summarizing the options issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (for option issuances prior to 2016) or the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) (for option and RSU issuances commencing in 2016)and which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.71 years. As of June 30, 2024, an aggregate of 9,700,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan, of which 354,782 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance thereunder.

Number Outstanding	Number Exercisable		Exercise Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Proceeds to Company if Exercised ($)
585,000		585,000		3.25		0.62		1,901,250
944,748		944,748		3.40		7.10		3,212,143
740,000		740,000		3.60		5.86		2,664,000
1,607,837		1,607,837		4.00		2.24		6,431,348
89,163		89,163		4.38		3.57		390,534
50,000		50,000		4.80		2.51		240,000
646,000		646,000		5.00		2.74		3,230,000
4,662,748		4,662,748						18,069,275

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options of $nil and $235,368 was recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options is $nil. As of June 30, 2024, the total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $nil.

c) Restricted Stock Units

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

	RSUs (#)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Share Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		3,634,952			1.01
Granted		426,340			0.72
Vested/Settled		(202,261	)		2.46
Cancelled / Forfeited		(87,206	)		1.13
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		3,771,825			0.89

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

c) Restricted Stock Units (continued)

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan. The RSUs vest equally over periods stated on the dates noted, subject to the recipient’s continued service to the Company, and will result in the RSU compensation expense stated. On June 1, 2024, the Company granted 297,340 RSUs of common stock to certain directors and employees in exchange for their election to reduce their cash compensation for a period of three months for services provided to the Company. These RSUs will vest on May 1, 2025, subject to continued service by the recipient.

Equity Incentive Plan

RSUs Granted (#)

Grant Date

Vesting Period

First Vesting Date

Second Vesting Date

Third Vesting Date

RSU Expense ($)

2015

14,000

Feb 22, 2024

36 Months

Feb 22, 2025

Feb 22, 2026

Feb 22, 2027

13,589

2015

115,000

May 23, 2024

36 Months

May 23, 2025

May 23, 2026

May 23, 2027

85,389

2015

297,340

Jun 1, 2024

11 Months

May 1, 2025

N/A

209,832

426,340

308,810

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs vested and settled during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs Vested (#)		Vest Date	Shares Issued (#)		Shares Withheld for Taxes (#)
2015		21,582	Feb 8, 2024		21,582		-
2015		9,000	Mar 1, 2024		6,057		2,943
2015		44,217	Mar 27, 2024		40,530		3,687
2015		51,000	Apr 4, 2024		32,337		18,663
2015		50,000	May 1, 2024		34,496		15,504
2015		11,500	Jun 1, 2024		6,670		4,830
2015		14,962	Jun 15, 2024		11,684		3,278
		202,261			153,356		48,905

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

c) Restricted Stock Units (continued)

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs cancelled during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were originally issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs (#)		Cancellation Date	Vesting Date	RSUs Cancelled (#)
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2024		8,000
2015		6,000	Jan 16, 2024	Oct 4, 2024		6,000
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2025		8,000
2015		6,000	Jan 16, 2024	Oct 4, 2025		6,000
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2026		8,000
2015		667	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2024		667
2015		667	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2025		667
2015		666	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2026		666
2015		1,775	Mar 25, 2024	Mar 27, 2024		1,775
2015		2,098	Mar 25, 2024	Jun 15, 2024		2,098
2015		2,667	May 17, 2024	Oct 4, 2024		2,667
2015		2,666	May 17, 2024	Oct 4, 2025		2,666
2015		1,000	May 17, 2024	Mar 27, 2025		1,000
2015		1,000	May 17, 2024	Mar 27, 2026		1,000
2015		3,334	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2024		3,334
2015		3,333	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2025		3,333
2015		3,333	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2026		3,333
2015		9,334	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2024		9,334
2015		9,333	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2025		9,333
2015		9,333	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2026		9,333
		87,206				87,206

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

c) Restricted Stock Units (continued)

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.37 years.

RSUs Outstanding (#)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Share Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
40,000		0.58		1.37
450,000		0.68		2.80
450,000		0.69		1.76
1,535,000		0.70		1.25
297,340		0.71		0.84
115,000		0.74		1.90
14,000		0.97		1.65
6,000		1.31		1.20
14,000		1.32		1.04
702,654		1.46		0.76
17,332		1.58		0.73
12,500		1.69		0.23
54,333		1.72		1.17
29,000		2.01		0.13
666		2.15		0.92
34,000		2.95		0.19
3,771,825

Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs of $614,028 and $1,030,143 was recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs is $1,256,598.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

a) Finance Lease Obligations

The following is a schedule showing the future minimum lease payments under finance leases by years and the present value of the minimum payments as of June 30, 2024.

2024 - remaining	$	28,840
2025	$	57,672
2026	$	57,661
2027	$	57,647
2028	$	57,633
Greater than 5 years	$	194,395
Total	$	453,848
Less: Amount representing interest	$	(42,203	)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	411,645

b) Operating Lease Right-of-Use Obligations

Operating leases as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
	$			$
Operating lease right-of-use assets		512,317			549,504

Operating lease liabilities, current portion		190,099			199,323
Operating lease liabilities, long term		350,810			378,054
Total operating lease liabilities		540,909			577,377

Weighted average remaining lease (months)		32			33
Weighted average discount rate		3.24	%		3.02	%

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, cash paid for amounts included for the measurement of lease liabilities was $125,313 and the Company recorded operating lease expense of $126,217.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

b) Operating Lease Right-of-Use Obligations (continued)

The following is a schedule showing the future minimum lease payments under operating leases by years and the present value of the minimum payments as of June 30, 2024.

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		117,231
2025		191,273
2026		164,435
2027		92,151
2028		10,212
Total		575,302
Less: imputed interest		(34,393	)
Total Operating Lease Liabilities		540,909

The Company’s office space leases are short-term and the Company has elected under the short-term recognition exemption not to recognize them on the balance sheet. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized $40,334 in short-term lease costs associated with office space leases. The annual payments remaining for short-term office leases were as follows:

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		42,723
2025		7,198
Total Operating Lease Liabilities		49,921

c) Grants Repayable

As of June 30, 2024, the total grant balance repayable was $464,108 and the payments remaining were as follows:

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		54,169
2025		36,305
2026		43,756
2027		48,579
2028		51,951
Greater than 5 years		229,348
Total Grants Repayable		464,108

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

d) Long-Term Debt

As of June 30, 2024, the total balance for long-term debt payable was $4,908,499 and the payments remaining were as follows:

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		859,476
2025		1,005,297
2026		781,901
2027		583,641
2028		2,437,212
Greater than 5 years		314,022
Total		5,981,549
Less: amount representing interest		(1,073,050	)
Total Long-Term Debt		4,908,499

e) Collaborative Agreement Obligations

In 2018, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement with the University of Taiwan for a three-year research period for a cost to the Company of up to $2.55 million payable over such period. As of June 30, 2024, $510,000 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement.

In 2022, the Company entered into a sponsored research agreement with The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to evaluate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps ("NETs") in cancer patients with sepsis for a cost to the Company of $449,406. As of June 30, 2024, $449,406 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement. As of June 30, 2024, $204,087 is due by the Company under this agreement.

In July 2023, the Company entered into a research agreement with Xenetic Biosciences Inc and CLS Therapeutics Ltd to evaluate the anti-tumoral effects of Nu.Q^® CAR T cells for a cost to the Company of $107,589. As of June 30, 2024, $81,447 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement and as of June 30, 2024, $26,142 is due by the Company under this agreement.

In August 2023, the Company entered into a project research agreement with Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust to evaluate the practical clinical utility of the Nu.Q^®H3.1 nucleosome levels in adult patients with sepsis to facilitate early diagnosis and prognostication for a cost to the Company of $164,235. As of June 30, 2024, $164,235 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement. As of June 30, 2024, $nil is due by the Company under this agreement.

In January 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with the University Medical Centre Amsterdam (“UMC”). UMC will perform a retrospective study to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the Nu.Q^® H3.1 nucleosomes as diagnostic, prognostic and phenotyping biomarkers in sepsis for a cost to the Company of $138,653. As of June 30, 2024, $138,653 is still to be paid by the Company under this agreement. As of June 30, 2024, $46,218 is due by the Company under this agreement.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

e) Collaborative Agreement Obligations (continued)

As of June 30, 2024, the total amount to be paid for future research and collaboration commitments was $1,343,741 and the payments remaining were as follows:

	Total Amount Remaining		2024 - Estimated		2025 - Estimated
	$		$		$
National University of Taiwan		510,000		510,000		-
MD Anderson Cancer Center		449,406		285,860		163,546
Guys and St Thomas		164,235		61,588		102,647
Xenetic Biosciences		81,447		26,142		55,305
UMC		138,653		92,343		46,310
Total Collaborative Obligations		1,343,741		975,933		367,808

f) Other Commitments

Volition Germany

As of June 30, 2024, $209 is payable under the royalty agreement with the founder of Volition’s former German subsidiary based on sales to date towards the Company’s aggregate minimum royalty obligation of $117,761.

Volition America

Effective February 10, 2024 the Company and Diagnostic Oncology CRO, LLC (“DXOCRO”) further amended and restated the August 2022 amended and restated Master Agreement by and between the Company and DXOCRO to expand the scope of DXOCRO’s consultant services provided thereunder (the “Second A&R Master Agreement”). The Second A&R Master Agreement requires DXOCRO to conduct a prospective optimization/range finding study of Volition’s Nu.Q^® H3.1 in vitro diagnostic test proposed for use in sepsis. The study is an extension of the sepsis monitoring clinical trial that was previously covered under a separate exhibit. The Company anticipates DXOCRO’s additional services under this agreement will be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2024 at a total additional cost to the Company of up to $0.7 million. The Company’s payment obligations accrue upon delivery of projects under the agreement. The Company may terminate the agreement or any project thereunder upon at least 30 days’ prior written notice. Unless earlier terminated, the Second A&R Master Agreement terminates on the later of December 31, 2025 or the date upon which all services have been completed. As of June 30, 2024, $146,221 is payable under the Second A&R Master Agreement, and up to $363,778 may be payable by the Company in future periods for services rendered.

VolitionRx

On February 5, 2024, the Company entered into a 9-month loan agreement with First Insurance Funding for a maximum of $294,603 with fixed interest rate of 8.42%, maturing in November 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the maximum has been drawn down under this agreement and the principal balance payable was $163,668. The agreement is in relation to the directors and officers insurance policy.

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

g) Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be subject to claims, counter-claims, lawsuits and other litigation of the type that generally arise from the conduct of its business. The Company knows of no legal proceedings which the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on its financial position.

h) Commitments in Respect of Corporate Goals and Performance-Based Awards

As of June 30, 2024, the Company has recognized total compensation expense of $1,291,594 of which $527,940 is in relation to RSUs from grants in 2022 that vested in 2023, $451,490 is in relation to RSUs from such grants that will vest in 2024, and $312,164 is in relation to RSUs from such grants that will vest in 2025. The Company has unrecognized compensation expense of $282,823 in relation to such RSUs, based on the outcomes related to the prescribed performance targets on the outstanding awards.

Total	Vesting	Amortized		Amortized		Amortized		Un-Amortized
Award	Year	2024		2023		2022
$		$		$		$		$
527,940	2023		-		393,853		134,087		-
517,613	2024		126,283		260,119		65,088		66,123
528,864	2025		87,894		177,584		46,686		216,700
1,574,417			214,177		831,556		245,861		282,823

In September 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the granting of cash bonuses, payable upon achievement of various corporate goals focused around revenue, operations and regulatory, to various personnel including directors, executives, members of management, consultants and employees of the Company and/or its subsidiaries. Pursuant to the terms of the grants, conditional upon the achievement by December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024 of specified corporate goals as set forth in the minutes of the Compensation Committee, as well as continued service by the award recipients to the Company, the Company at the sole discretion of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer would pay a cash bonus to such award recipients. As of June 30, 2024, the Company has accrued compensation expense of $536,535 in relation to cash bonuses payable on the achievement of specified corporate goals based on the expected outcomes related to the prescribed performance targets. To the extent this is payable, this cash bonus compensation payment has currently been deferred indefinitely.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had recognized total compensation expense of $335,013. The Company has unrecognized compensation expense of $390,276 in relation to the RSUs from grants in 2023, of which $59,290 is in relation to RSUs that will vest in 2024, $150,277 in relation to RSUs that will vest in 2025, and $180,709 in relation to RSUs that will vest in 2026 based on the outcomes related to the prescribed performance targets on the outstanding awards.

Total	Vesting	Amortized		Amortized		Un-Amortized
Award	Year	2024		2023		2024
$		$		$		$
241,771	2024		118,511		63,970		59,290
241,764	2025		59,416		32,071		150,277
241,754	2026		39,645		21,400		180,709
725,289			217,572		117,441		390,276

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VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

($ expressed in United States Dollars)

Note 9 – Subsequent Events

Settlement of RSUs

On July 13, 2024, 4,667 RSUs previously granted to various employees vested and resulted in the issuance of 3,165 shares of common stock. 1,502 shares of common stock were withheld for taxes and returned to the 2015 Plan.

RSUs Granted

Effective July 1, 2024, the Company granted RSUs of 38,198 shares of common stock to an employee of the Company in exchange their valid election to reduce their cash compensation for a period of three months for services provided to the Company. These RSUs will vest on June 1, 2025, subject to continued service by the employee.

Effective July 8, 2024, the Company granted RSUs of 21,583 shares of common stock to an advisor of the Company and/or its subsidiaries in exchange for services provided to the Company and/or its subsidiaries. These RSUs vest upon the achievement of advisory services set out in the agreement with 21,583 vesting on January 1, 2025, subject to continued service, and will result in total compensation expense of $13,209.

RSUs Cancelled

On July 12, 2024, 19,666 RSUs previously granted to an employee were cancelled and returned as authorized and unissued shares under the 2015 Plan upon termination of employment prior to vesting.

On August 4, 2024, 46,333 RSUs previously granted to an employee were cancelled and returned as authorized and unissued shares under the 2015 Plan upon termination of employment prior to vesting.

Increase in Authorised Capital

At the Annual Meeting on July 2, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved a Certificate of Amendment of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation providing for an increase in authorized shares from one hundred million (100,000,000) to one hundred seventy-five million (175,000,000) shares, consisting of one hundred seventy-five million (175,000,000) shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

Equity Capital Raise

On August 8, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a purchaser pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to such purchaser, in a registered direct offering under the 2021 Form S-3, an aggregate of 9,170,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 3,557,273 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), Series A common stock warrants to purchase up to 12,727,273 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Series A Warrants”) and Series B common stock warrants to purchase up to 12,727,273 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Series B Warrants” and, together with the Series A Warrants, the “Common Warrants”). The exercise prices of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants are $0.001 per share and $0.57 per share, respectively. H.C. Wainwright & Co. acted as the exclusive placement agent for the Company in the offering. The combined offering price for a share of common stock and accompanying Common Warrants was $0.55 and the combined offering price for a Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying Common Warrants was $0.549. The net proceeds received by the Company for the issuance and sale of the shares of Common Stock, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants (collectively, the “Securities”) was $6.4 million, before deducting offering expenses of $0.1 million paid by the Company. In addition, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 381,818 shares of Company common stock to the placement agent, on substantially the same terms as the Series B Warrants at an exercise price of $0.6875 per share. The net proceeds above assumes the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants but excludes any proceeds arising from the exercise of the Common Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants.

END NOTES TO FINANCIALS

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report and in our Annual Report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current expectations and reflect our plans, estimates and anticipated future financial performance. These statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Report and in our Annual Report, as well as our other public filings with the SEC. Please refer to the section of this Report entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information.

Overview

Volition is a multi-national epigenetics company. It has patented technologies that use chromosomal structures, such as nucleosomes, and transcription factors as biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The tests in the Company’s product portfolio detect certain characteristic changes that occur from the earliest stages of disease, enabling early detection and offering a better way to monitor disease progression and a patient’s response to treatment.

The tests offered by Volition and its subsidiaries are designed to diagnose and monitor a range of life-altering diseases, including certain cancers and diseases associated with NETosis, such as sepsis and COVID-19. Early diagnosis and monitoring have the potential to not only prolong the life of patients but also improve their quality of life.

Our key pillars of focus are:

	·	Nu.Q^® Vet - cost-effective, easy-to-use blood tests for dogs and other companion animals. The Nu.Q^®Vet Cancer Test is commercially available as a cancer screening test in dogs.
	·	Nu.Q^® NETs - monitoring the immune system to save lives.
	·	Nu.Q^® Discover - a complete solution to profiling nucleosomes.
	·	Nu.Q^® Cancer - monitoring disease progression, response to treatment and minimal residual disease.
	·	Capture-PCR^TM - isolating and capturing circulating tumor derived DNA from plasma samples for early cancer detection.

Commercialization Strategy

Our commercialization strategy is guided by the following underlying principles ensuring our products:

	·	Result in low capital expenditures for licensors and end users and low operating expenses for Volition,
	·	Are affordable, and
	·	Are accessible worldwide.

The principles above inform our overall commercialization strategy for our products, which is driven by the following:

	·	Conducting research and development in-house and through our research partners;
	·	Monetizing our intellectual property (“IP”) with upfront payments, milestone payments, royalties, and sales of kits and key components; and
	·	Commercializing our products via global players and in fragmented markets through regional companies.

We aim to partner with established diagnostic companies to market, sell, and process our tests, leveraging their networks and expertise.

We believe, given the global prevalence of cancer and diseases associated with NETosis, and the low-cost, accessible and routine nature of our tests, they could potentially be used throughout the world.

We aim to remain an IP powerhouse in the epigenetic space and expect to monetize our IP and technologies through licensing and distribution contracts with companies that have established distribution networks and expertise on a worldwide or regional basis, in both human and animal care across platforms (centralized labs and point-of-care / in-house diagnostics).

To this end, on March 28, 2022, Volition entered into a master license and product supply agreement with Heska Corporation (“Heska”). In exchange for granting Heska exclusive worldwide rights to sell our Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Test at the point of care for companion animals, Volition received a $10.0 million upfront payment upon signing, received $13.0 million based upon the achievement of two milestones and is eligible to receive up to an additional $5.0 million based upon the achievement of a final milestone upon the earlier of the first commercial sale by or on behalf of Heska of a screening or monitoring test for lymphoma in felines, or the nine-month anniversary of the first peer reviewed paper evidencing clinical utility for the screening or monitoring of lymphoma in felines being published in any one of a number of periodicals identified by the parties. In addition, Volition has granted Heska non-exclusive rights to sell the Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Test as a kit for companion animals through Heska’s network of central reference laboratories. In June 2023 Heska was acquired by Mars Petcare and became part of its Antech Diagnostics division. In April 2024, Antech announced the launch of the in-clinic version of the Nu.Q^® Canine Cancer test in the US and Europe. In the second quarter of 2024, Volition supplied key components for 40,000 tests to Antech.

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In October 2022, we also entered into a licensing and supply agreement with IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (“IDEXX”), a global leader in pet healthcare innovation. This contract provides for worldwide customer reach through IDEXX’s global reference laboratory network as we continue to commercialize our transformational Nu.Q^® technology within the companion animal healthcare sector and capitalize on the significant opportunities available. IDEXX launched the IDEXX Nu.Q^® Canine Cancer Test in January 2023.

In November 2023, we launched the Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Test in the UK and Ireland through our distributor, the Veterinary Pathology Group, and in the UK through Nationwide Laboratories. In March 2024, Fujifilm Vet Systems announced the launch of the Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Test in Japan. In July 2024, VetLab announced the launch of the Nu.Q^® Vet Cancer Test in Poland.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations since inception primarily through private placements and public offerings of our common stock. As of June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $6.0 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $15.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in cash used in operating activities for the period ended June 30, 2024 when compared to same period in 2023 can be attributed a reduction in clinical trial expenditure.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to a reduction in purchases of laboratory equipment, partly offset by increased additions of licenses.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and $25.5 million for the comparable period ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities for the period ended June 30, 2024 when compared to same period in 2023 was primarily due to $17.6 million in net cash received from the issuance of shares of common stock in a registered public offering in June 2023, and $8.0 million in net cash received from the issuance of shares of common stock in a registered public offering in February 2023, as compared to $0.6 million in net cash received from the issuance of shares of common stock under our “at-the-market” facility during the period ended June 30, 2024.

For additional information on our “at the market facility,” refer to Note 6, Common Stock –Equity Distribution Agreement, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included within this Report.

The following table summarizes our approximate contractual payments due by year as of June 30, 2024.

Approximate Payments (Including Interest) Due by Year

	Total		2024 - Remaining		2025 - 2028		Greater than 5 years
Description	$		$		$		$
Financing lease liabilities		453,848		28,840		230,613		194,395
Operating lease liabilities and short-term lease		625,223		159,954		465,269		-
Grants repayable		464,108		54,169		180,591		229,348
Long-term debt		5,981,549		859,476		4,808,051		314,022
Collaborative agreements obligations		1,343,741		975,933		367,808		-
Total		8,868,469		2,078,372		6,052,332		737,765

We intend to use our cash reserves to predominantly fund further research and development, and commercialization activities. We do not have any substantial source of revenues and expect to rely on additional future financing, through the sale of licensing or distribution rights, grant funding and the sale of equity or debt securities to provide sufficient funding to execute our strategic plan. There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising further funds.

In the event additional financing is delayed, we will prioritize the completion of clinical validation studies for the purpose of the sale of licensing or distribution rights, and the maintenance of our patent rights. In the event of an ongoing lack of financing, it may be necessary to discontinue operations, which will adversely affect the value of our common stock.

We have not attained profitable operations and are dependent upon obtaining financing to pursue any extensive activities. For these reasons, our auditors included in their report on our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, an explanatory paragraph regarding factors that raise substantial doubt that we will be able to continue as a going concern.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			Change			Change
	$			$			$			%
Service		116,090			50,163			65,927			131	%
Product		279,707			166,147			113,560			68	%
Total Revenues		395,797			216,310			179,487			83	%

Research and development		3,715,797			5,451,287			(1,735,490	)	(32		%)
General and administrative		2,284,041			2,644,957			(360,916	)	(14		%)
Sales and marketing		1,386,378			1,669,102			(282,724	)	(17		%)
Total Operating Expenses		7,386,216			9,765,346			(2,379,130	)	(24		%)

Loss on disposal of fixed assets		(33,498	)		-			(33,498	)	(>100		%)
Interest income		450			27,109			(26,659	)	(98		%)
Interest expense		(81,182	)		(58,321	)		(22,861	)		39	%
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		44,474			28,971			15,503			54	%
Total Other Income (Expenses)		(69,756	)		(2,241	)		(67,515	)	(>100		%)

Net Loss		(7,060,175	)		(9,551,277	)		(2,491,102	)	(26		%)

Revenues

Our operations are transitioning from a research and development focused stage to a commercialization stage. Revenues during the three-months ended June 30, 2024 were $395,797, compared with $216,310 for the three-months ended June 30, 2023. Our main source of revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 was product revenues from sales of the Nu.Q^®Vet Cancer Test. The year on year increase in revenues was primarily driven by sales of key components of the Nu.Q^®Vet Cancer Test to Antech.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses decreased to $7.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $9.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as a result of the factors described below.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased to $3.7 million from $5.5 million for the three-months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, respectively. This decrease was primarily related to decreased direct research and development expenses as a result of reduced clinical trial activity with DXOCRO, reduced personnel expenses and reduced stock-based compensation. The number of full-time equivalent (“FTE”) personnel we employed in this division decreased by 7 to 62 compared to the prior year period.

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
	$		$		$
Personnel expenses		2,078,369		2,365,522		(287,153	)
Stock-based compensation		44,456		149,420		(104,964	)
Direct research and development expenses		1,122,485		2,387,523		(1,265,038	)
Other research and development		197,075		271,549		(74,474	)
Depreciation and amortization		273,412		277,273		(3,861	)
Total research and development expenses		3,715,797		5,451,287		(1,735,490	)

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased to $2.3 million from $2.6 million for the three-months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, respectively. The reduction is due to lower personnel expenses and stock-based compensation offset partly by increased legal costs during the period. The FTE personnel number within this division decreased by 1 to 20 compared to the prior year period.

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
	$		$		$
Personnel expenses		1,117,578		1,407,410		(289,832	)
Stock-based compensation		118,074		259,124		(141,050	)
Legal and professional fees		672,719		529,655		143,064
Other general and administrative		337,532		387,599		(50,067	)
Depreciation and amortization		38,138		61,169		(23,031	)
Total general and administrative expenses		2,284,041		2,644,957		(360,916	)

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses decreased to $1.4 million from $1.7 million for the three-months ended June 30, 2024, and June 30, 2023, respectively. The reduction is due to lower personnel expenses, direct marketing and professional fees and stock-based compensation during the period. The FTE personnel number within this division decreased by 2 to 19 compared to the prior year period.

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
	$		$		$
Personnel expenses		1,163,473		1,217,477		(54,004	)
Stock-based compensation		45,516		183,631		(138,115	)
Direct marketing and professional fees		165,142		254,768		(89,626	)
Depreciation and amortization		12,247		13,226		(979	)
Total sales and marketing expenses		1,386,378		1,669,102		(282,724	)

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Other Income (Expenses)

For the three-months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s other expenses were $69,756 compared to $2,241 for the three-months ended June 30, 2023. This increase in other expenses was primarily due to increased interest payments together with reduced interest earned during the current period.

Net Loss

For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s net loss was approximately $7.1 million in comparison to a net loss of $9.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The change was primarily a result of reduced clinical trial and personnel costs.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024 $			2023 $			Change $			Change %

Service		155,866			55,519			100,347			>100	%
Product		411,466			310,599			100,867			32	%
Total Revenues		567,332			366,118			201,214			55	%

Research and development		8,345,324			10,356,965			(2,011,641	)	(19		%)
General and administrative		4,537,784			5,226,660			(688,876	)	(13		%)
Sales and marketing		3,059,147			3,376,559			(317,412	)	(9		%)
Total Operating Expenses		15,942,255			18,960,184			(3,017,929	)	(16		%)

Grant income		-			165,795			(165,795	)	(100		%)
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		(33,498	)		-			(33,498	)	(>100		%)
Interest income		9,104			84,757			(75,653	)	(89		%)
Interest expense		(158,415	)		(109,643	)		(48,772	)		44	%
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		25,552			28,971			(3,419	)	(12		%)
Total Other Income (Expenses)		(157,257	)		169,880			(327,137	)	(>100		%)

Net Loss		(15,532,180	)		(18,424,186	)		(2,892,006	)	(16		%)

Revenues

Our operations are still transitioning from a research and development stage to a commercialization stage. Revenues during the six-months ended June 30, 2024 were $567,332, compared with $366,118 for the six-months ended June 30, 2023. Our main source of revenue during the six-months ended June 30, 2024 and six-months ended June 30, 2023 was product revenues from sales of the Nu.Q^®Vet Cancer Test. The year on year increase in revenues was primarily driven by sales of key components of the Nu.Q^®Vet Cancer Test to Antech and sales of Nu.Q^®Discover services.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses decreased to $15.9 million from $19.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, as a result of the factors described below.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased to $8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, from $10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease was primarily related to decreased direct research and development expenses as a result reduced clinical trial activity with DXOCRO, reduced personnel expenses and reduced stock-based compensation. The FTE personnel number decreased by 7 to 62 compared to the prior year period.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
	$		$		$
Personnel expenses		4,291,580		4,409,655		(118,075	)
Stock-based compensation		162,574		292,474		(129,900	)
Direct research and development expenses		2,838,327		4,562,335		(1,724,008	)
Other research and development		515,700		552,621		(36,921	)
Depreciation and amortization		537,143		539,880		(2,737	)
Total research and development expenses		8,345,324		10,356,965		(2,011,641	)

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased to $4.5 million from $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. This decrease was primarily due to lower personnel expenses and stock-based compensation during the period. The FTE personnel number decreased by 1 to 20 compared to the prior year period.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
	$		$		$
Personnel expenses		2,258,402		2,668,045		(409,643	)
Stock-based compensation		294,762		562,649		(267,887	)
Legal and professional fees		1,172,666		1,156,658		16,008
Other general and administrative		727,848		719,299		8,549
Depreciation and amortization		84,106		120,009		(35,903	)
Total general and administrative expenses		4,537,784		5,226,660		(688,876	)

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses decreased to $3.1 million compared to $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to reduced stock-based compensation and direct marketing during the period. The FTE personnel number decreased by 2 to 19 compared to the prior year period.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		Change
	$		$		$
Personnel expenses		2,456,716		2,436,742		19,974
Stock-based compensation		161,930		430,708		(268,778	)
Direct marketing and professional fees		416,206		482,753		(66,547	)
Depreciation and amortization		24,295		26,356		(2,061	)
Total sales and marketing expenses		3,059,147		3,376,559		(317,412	)

Other Income (Expenses)

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s other expenses were $157,257 compared to other income of $169,880 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in other expenses is due to increased interest paid partly offset by a reduction in grant income and interest received during the period.

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Net Loss

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s net loss was approximately $15.5 million in comparison to a net loss of $18.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The change was primarily a result of decreased clinical trial activity and personnel costs.

Going Concern

We have not attained profitable operations on an ongoing basis and are dependent upon obtaining external financing to continue to pursue our operational and strategic plans. For these reasons, management has determined that there is substantial doubt that the business will be able to continue as a going concern without further financing.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There have been no material changes to our off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to stockholders.

Future Financings

We may seek to obtain additional capital through the sale of debt or equity securities if we deem it desirable or necessary. These sales may include the sale of equity securities from time to time through an “at the market offering program” under our Equity Distribution Agreement with Jefferies LLC. See Note 6, Common Stock – Equity Distribution Agreement, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. However, we may be unable to obtain such additional capital when needed, or on terms favorable to us or our stockholders, if at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, stockholders may experience additional dilution, or such equity securities may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of debt securities, the terms of such securities may place restrictions on our ability to operate our business.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

We also regularly evaluate estimates and assumptions related to deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, borrowing rate used in operating lease right-of-use asset and liability valuations, impairment analysis of intangible assets, valuations of stock-based compensation and deferred revenue.

We base our estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experiences, information from third party professionals and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from our estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations could be affected.

We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. A summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and key estimates and assumptions disclosed in the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Part II, Item 7 within our Annual Report.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all applicable new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. The Company does not believe that there are any other applicable new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company and are not required to disclose this information.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by our company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded, as they previously concluded as of December 31, 2023, that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2024, because of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as referenced below and described in detail in our Annual Report.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses identified include:

we do not have sufficient written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures, including written policies and procedures to ensure the correct application of accounting and financial reporting with respect to the current requirements of GAAP and SEC disclosure requirements.

Notwithstanding the material weakness, we believe that our financial statements contained in this Report fairly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods covered by this Report in all material respects.

Our management, with the oversight of our audit committee, has initiated steps and plans to take additional measures to remediate the underlying causes of the material weakness, which we currently believe will be primarily through revising precision level management review controls and gaining additional assurance regarding our outside service providers’ quality control procedures. It is possible that we may determine that additional remediation steps will be necessary in the future.

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Planned Remediation of Material Weaknesses

Our management has been actively engaged in developing and implementing remediation plans to address material weaknesses described above. These remediation efforts are ongoing and include or are expected to include:

	·	engaging internal control consultants to assist us in performing a financial reporting risk assessment as well as identifying and designing our system of internal controls necessary to mitigate the risks identified;

	·	preparation of written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures;

	·	increasing personnel resources and technical accounting expertise within the accounting function to replace our outside service providers; and

	·	until we have sufficient technical accounting resources, we have engaged external consultants to provide support and to assist us in our evaluation of more complex applications of GAAP.

We continue to enhance corporate oversight over process-level controls and structures to ensure that there is appropriate assignment of authority, responsibility, and accountability to enable remediation of our material weaknesses. We believe that our remediation plan will be sufficient to remediate the identified material weaknesses and strengthen our internal control over financial reporting. As we continue to evaluate, and work to improve, our internal control over financial reporting, management may determine that additional measures to address control deficiencies or modifications to the remediation plan are necessary.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the ongoing remediation of the material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting noted above, no changes in our internal control over financial reporting were made during the six months ended June 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations of the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls

Our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.

The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving our stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to claims, counter claims, lawsuits and other litigation of the type that generally arise from the conduct of our business. We know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against our company, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which our directors, officers or any affiliates, or any registered or beneficial stockholders, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in our assessment of risk factors affecting our business since those presented in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Repurchase of Equity Securities

No equity securities were repurchased during the second quarter of 2024.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit

Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed Herewith

3.1

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and currently in effect.

S-8

333-280974

4.2

7/24/24

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended and currently in effect.

10-Q

001-36833

3.2

5/13/24

10.1#

2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

8-K

001-36833

10.1

7/3/24

10.1(a)#

Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant and Stock Option Agreement under the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

S-8

333-280974

99.1(a)

7/24/24

10.1(b)#

Form of Notice of Performance Shares Award and Performance Shares Agreement under the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

S-8

333-280974

99.1(b)

7/24/24

10.1(c)#

Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Award and Restricted Stock Agreement under the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

S-8

333-280974

99.1(c)

7/24/24

10.1(d)#

Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

S-8

333-280974

99.1(d)

7/24/24

10.1(e)#

Form of Notice of Stock Appreciation Right Award and Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement under the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

S-8

333-280974

99.1(e)

7/24/24

10.1(f)#

Form of Notice of Stock Bonus Award and Stock Bonus Award Agreement under the 2024 Stock Incentive Plan.

S-8

333-280974

99.1(f)

7/24/24

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1*

Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

#	Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

*	The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Quarterly Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed “filed” by the registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and are not to be incorporated by reference into any of the registrant’s filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	VOLITIONRX LIMITED

Dated: August 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Cameron Reynolds
		Cameron Reynolds
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Authorized Signatory and Principal Executive Officer)

Dated: August 14, 2024

By:

/s/ Terig Hughes

Terig Hughes

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(Authorized Signatory and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

nullnullnull

Cover - shares	6 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Aug. 13, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	VolitionRx Limited
Entity Central Index Key	0000093314
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		92,101,479
Entity File Number	001-36833
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	91-1949078
Entity Address Address Line 1	1489 West Warm Springs Road
Entity Address Address Line 2	Suite 110
Entity Address City Or Town	Henderson
Entity Address State Or Province	NV
Entity Address Postal Zip Code	89014
City Area Code	646
Local Phone Number	650–1351
Security 12b Title	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	VNRX
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,998,928	$ 20,729,983
Accounts receivable	166,262	242,617
Prepaid expenses	828,965	521,370
Other current assets	350,927	360,125
Total Current Assets	7,345,082	21,854,095
Property and equipment, net	4,878,417	5,523,013
Operating lease right-of-use assets	512,317	549,504
Intangible assets, net	332,221	23,886
Total Assets	13,068,037	27,950,498
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	3,348,322	3,211,287
Accrued liabilities	3,227,595	3,928,761
Deferred revenue	22,938,400	23,000,000
Management and directors' fees payable	25,073	59,625
Current portion of long-term debt	1,043,142	1,207,007
Current portion of finance lease liabilities	47,718	48,570
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	190,099	199,323
Current portion of grant repayable	54,168	55,855
Warrant liability	101,097	126,649
Total Current Liabilities	30,975,614	31,837,077
Long-term debt, net of current portion	3,865,357	3,624,860
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	363,927	400,022
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	350,810	378,054
Grant repayable, net of current portion	409,940	422,707
Total Long-Term Liabilities	4,990,034	4,825,643
Total Liabilities	35,965,648	36,662,720
Stockholders' Deficit
Common Stock Authorized: 100,000,000 shares of common stock, at $0.001 par value per share Issued and outstanding: 82,928,314 shares and 81,898,321 shares, respectively	82,928	81,898
Additional paid-in capital	195,755,863	194,448,414
Accumulated other comprehensive income	282,252	243,940
Accumulated deficit	(217,929,441)	(202,576,507)
Total VolitionRx Limited Stockholders' Deficit	(21,808,398)	(7,802,255)
Non-controlling interest	(1,089,213)	(909,967)
Total Stockholders' Deficit	(22,897,611)	(8,712,222)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit	$ 13,068,037	$ 27,950,498

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets(Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Common Stock, Shares Par Value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued	82,928,314	81,898,321
Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	82,928,314	81,898,321

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Revenues
Services	$ 116,090	$ 50,163	$ 155,866	$ 55,519
Product	279,707	166,147	411,466	310,599
Total Revenues	395,797	216,310	567,332	366,118
Operating Expenses
Research and development	3,715,797	5,451,287	8,345,324	10,356,965
General and administrative	2,284,041	2,644,957	4,537,784	5,226,660
Sales and marketing	1,386,378	1,669,102	3,059,147	3,376,559
Total Operating Expenses	7,386,216	9,765,346	15,942,255	18,960,184
Operating Loss	(6,990,419)	(9,549,036)	(15,374,923)	(18,594,066)
Other Income (Expenses)
Grant income	0	0	0	165,795
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	(33,498)	0	(33,498)	0
Interest income	450	27,109	9,104	84,757
Interest expense	(81,182)	(58,321)	(158,415)	(109,643)
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability	44,474	28,971	25,552	28,971
Total Other Income (Expenses)	(69,756)	(2,241)	(157,257)	169,880
Net Loss	(7,060,175)	(9,551,277)	(15,532,180)	(18,424,186)
Net Loss Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest	74,629	80,298	179,246	173,659
Net Loss Attributable to VolitionRx Limited Stockholders	(6,985,546)	(9,470,979)	(15,352,934)	(18,250,527)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	23,286	37,712	38,312	(18,766)
Net Comprehensive Loss	$ (7,036,889)	$ (9,513,565)	$ (15,493,868)	$ (18,442,952)
Net Loss Per Share - Basic and Diluted Attributable to VolitionRx Limited	$ (0.08)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.29)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted	82,669,335	66,884,368	82,312,161	63,613,224

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Common stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Noncontrolling Interest
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022		57,873,379
Balance, amount at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (3,126,962)	$ 57,873	$ 164,397,468	$ 227,097	$ (167,257,429)	$ (551,971)
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, shares		5,225,703
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, amount	8,427,655	$ 5,225	8,422,430	0	0	0
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, shares		26,978
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, amount	0	$ 27	(27)	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation	693,657	0	693,657	0	0	0
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation	(14,336)	$ 0	(14,336)	0	0	0
Common stock repurchased, shares		(13,294)
Common stock repurchased, amount	(31,772)	$ (13)	(31,759)	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation	(56,478)	0	0	(56,478)	0	0
Net loss for the period	(8,872,909)	$ 0	0	0	(8,779,348)	(93,561)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023		63,112,766
Balance, amount at Mar. 31, 2023	(2,981,145)	$ 63,112	173,467,433	170,619	(176,036,777)	(645,532)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022		57,873,379
Balance, amount at Dec. 31, 2022	(3,126,962)	$ 57,873	164,397,468	227,097	(167,257,429)	(551,971)
Stock-based compensation	1,285,831
Net loss for the period	(18,424,186)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023		78,137,364
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2023	5,118,175	$ 78,137	191,065,293	208,331	(185,507,756)	(725,830)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023		63,112,766
Balance, amount at Mar. 31, 2023	(2,981,145)	$ 63,112	173,467,433	170,619	(176,036,777)	(645,532)
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, shares		14,950,000
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, amount	17,086,606	$ 14,950	17,071,656	0	0	0
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, shares		74,598
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, amount	0	$ 75	(75)	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation	592,174	0	592,174	0	0	0
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation	(65,895)	0	(65,895)	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation	37,712	0	0	37,712	0	0
Net loss for the period	(9,551,277)	$ 0	0	0	(9,470,979)	(80,298)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023		78,137,364
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2023	5,118,175	$ 78,137	191,065,293	208,331	(185,507,756)	(725,830)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023		81,898,321
Balance, amount at Dec. 31, 2023	(8,712,222)	$ 81,898	194,448,414	243,940	(202,576,507)	(909,967)
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, shares		13,350
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, amount	15,734	$ 13	15,721	0	0	0
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, shares		68,169
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, amount	0	$ 69	(69)	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation	411,220	0	411,220	0	0	0
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation	(3,062)	0	(3,062)	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation	15,026	0	0	15,026	0	0
Net loss for the period	(8,472,005)	$ 0	0	0	(8,367,388)	(104,617)
Common stock issued in lieu of license fee, shares		129,132
Common stock issued in lieu of license fee, amount	125,258	$ 129	125,129	0	0	0
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2024		82,108,972
Balance, amount at Mar. 31, 2024	(16,620,051)	$ 82,109	194,997,353	258,966	(210,943,895)	(1,014,584)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023		81,898,321
Balance, amount at Dec. 31, 2023	(8,712,222)	$ 81,898	194,448,414	243,940	(202,576,507)	(909,967)
Stock-based compensation	619,266
Net loss for the period	(15,532,180)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024		82,928,314
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2024	(22,897,611)	$ 82,928	195,755,863	282,252	(217,929,441)	(1,089,213)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2024		82,108,972
Balance, amount at Mar. 31, 2024	(16,620,051)	$ 82,109	194,997,353	258,966	(210,943,895)	(1,014,584)
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, shares		734,155
Common stock issued for cash, net of issuance costs, amount	589,488	$ 734	588,754	0	0	0
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, shares		85,187
Common stock issued for settlement of RSUs, amount	0	$ 85	(85)	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation	208,046	0	208,046	0	0	0
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation	(38,205)	0	(38,205)	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation	23,286	0	0	23,286	0	0
Net loss for the period	(7,060,175)	$ 0	0	0	(6,985,546)	(74,629)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024		82,928,314
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2024	$ (22,897,611)	$ 82,928	$ 195,755,863	$ 282,252	$ (217,929,441)	$ (1,089,213)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (15,532,180)	$ (18,424,186)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	532,504	560,313
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	113,034	127,210
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	33,498	0
Stock-based compensation	619,266	1,285,831
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability	(25,552)	(28,971)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(307,595)	(166,351)
Accounts receivable	76,357	(196,487)
Other current assets	9,198	(95,073)
Deferred revenue, current and non-current	(61,600)	0
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(384,567)	961,764
Management and directors' fees payable	(34,552)	9,019
Right-of-use assets operating leases liabilities	(112,199)	(125,393)
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities	(15,074,388)	(16,092,324)
Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(68,161)	(501,986)
Purchase of License	(171,095)	0
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities	(239,256)	(501,986)
Financing Activities
Net proceeds from issuances of common stock	605,222	25,881,221
Tax withholdings paid related to stock-based compensation	(41,267)	(80,231)
Common stock repurchased	0	(31,772)
Proceeds from long-term debt	754,457	216,908
Payments on long-term debt	(530,732)	(475,965)
Payments on finance lease obligations	(23,643)	(23,188)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	764,037	25,486,973
Effect of foreign exchange on cash	(181,448)	(16,439)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(14,731,055)	8,876,224
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the period	20,729,983	10,867,050
Cash and cash equivalents - End of Period	5,998,928	19,743,274
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid	158,415	109,643
Non-Cash Financing Activities
Common stock issued upon cashless exercises of stock options and settlement of vested RSUs	282	102
Offering costs from issuance of common stock	0	239,772
Fair value of warrants issued in connection with public offering	0	366,960
Common stock issued for License rights	125,258	0
Non-cash note payable	$ 294,603	$ 356,258

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Reclassifications

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company currently believes there are no other issued and not yet effective accounting standards that are materially relevant to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Included in the following table are the Company’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024.

Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024

Description

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Liabilities

Warrant liability

101,097

Warrant Liability
	Total
	$
Balance at December 31, 2023		126,649
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(25,552	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		101,097

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment

Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment

Note 2 – Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment

Property and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Property and Equipment

Property And Equipment

Note 3 - Property and Equipment

The Company’s property and equipment consisted of the following amounts as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

		June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Useful Life	Cost $		Cost $
Computer hardware and software	3 years		723,206		724,534
Laboratory equipment	5 years		4,630,385		4,753,253
Office furniture and equipment	5 years		370,493		378,800
Buildings	30 years		2,049,211		2,113,031
Building improvements	5-15 years		1,574,428		1,610,016
Land	Not amortized		128,467		132,468
Total property and equipment			9,476,190		9,712,102
Less accumulated depreciation			4,597,773		4,189,089
Total property and equipment net			4,878,417		5,523,013

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $545,128 and $517,921, respectively, in depreciation expense.

Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Note 4 - Intangible Assets

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Cost $		Cost $
Patents		1,098,717		1,130,936
Licenses		296,353		-
Total Patents and Licenses		1,395,070		1,130,936
Less accumulated amortization		1,062,849		1,107,050
Total patents and Licenses, net		332,221		23,886

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $(12,624) and $42,392, respectively, in amortization expense.

The Company amortizes the patents and licenses on a straight-line basis with terms ranging from 8 to 20 years. The annual estimated amortization schedule over the next five years is as follows:

2024	$	16,057
2025	$	20,448
2026	$	20,448
2027	$	20,448
2028	$	20,448
Greater than 5 years	$	234,372
Total Intangible Assets	$	332,221

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Related Party Transactions

Related-Party Transactions

Note 5 - Related-Party Transactions

Common Stock

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Common Stock

Common Stock

Note 6 - Common Stock

Stock Option Exercises

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, no shares of common stock were issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options.

Stock Options Expired / Cancelled

RSU Settlements

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs vested and settled during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs Vested (#)		Vest Date	Shares Issued (#)		Shares Withheld for Taxes (#)
2015		21,582	Feb 8, 2024		21,582		-
2015		9,000	Mar 1, 2024		6,057		2,943
2015		44,217	Mar 27, 2024		40,530		3,687
2015		51,000	Apr 4, 2024		32,337		18,663
2015		50,000	May 1, 2024		34,496		15,504
2015		11,500	Jun 1, 2024		6,670		4,830
2015		14,962	Jun 15, 2024		11,684		3,278
		202,261			153,356		48,905

Warrants Issued in Equity Capital Raise

Warrants Issued in Equity Capital Raise (continued)

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023

Risk-free interest rate		4.43	%		3.89	%
Expected volatility		82.80	%		76.30	%
Expected life (years)		3.94			4.44
Expected dividend yield		-			-
Total fair value	$	101,097		$	126,649

Common Stock Issued for EpiCypher License Agreement

Equity Distribution Agreement

Stock Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Stock Based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation

Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation

a) Warrants

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants of the Company outstanding during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024.

	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		862,500		3.05
Granted		-		-
Expired/Cancelled		-		-
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		862,500		3.05

Exercisable at June 30, 2024		862,500		3.05

Below is a table summarizing the warrants issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024, which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.33 years.

Number Outstanding	Number Exercisable		Exercise Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Proceeds to Company if Exercised ($)
448,500		448,500		2.00		3.96		897,000
54,000		54,000		3.05		4.26		164,700
50,000		50,000		3.45		1.67		172,500
125,000		125,000		3.95		2.51		493,750
185,000		185,000		4.90		2.59		906,500
862,500		862,500						2,634,450

b) Options

The following table summarizes the changes in options outstanding of the Company during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024.

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		4,699,569			3.87
Expired/Cancelled		(36,821	)		3.40
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		4,662,748			3.88

Exercisable at June 30, 2024		4,662,748			3.88

b) Options (continued)

Number Outstanding	Number Exercisable		Exercise Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Proceeds to Company if Exercised ($)
585,000		585,000		3.25		0.62		1,901,250
944,748		944,748		3.40		7.10		3,212,143
740,000		740,000		3.60		5.86		2,664,000
1,607,837		1,607,837		4.00		2.24		6,431,348
89,163		89,163		4.38		3.57		390,534
50,000		50,000		4.80		2.51		240,000
646,000		646,000		5.00		2.74		3,230,000
4,662,748		4,662,748						18,069,275

c) Restricted Stock Units

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

	RSUs (#)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Share Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		3,634,952			1.01
Granted		426,340			0.72
Vested/Settled		(202,261	)		2.46
Cancelled / Forfeited		(87,206	)		1.13
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		3,771,825			0.89

c) Restricted Stock Units (continued)

Equity Incentive Plan

RSUs Granted (#)

Grant Date

Vesting Period

First Vesting Date

Second Vesting Date

Third Vesting Date

RSU Expense ($)

2015

14,000

Feb 22, 2024

36 Months

Feb 22, 2025

Feb 22, 2026

Feb 22, 2027

13,589

2015

115,000

May 23, 2024

36 Months

May 23, 2025

May 23, 2026

May 23, 2027

85,389

2015

297,340

Jun 1, 2024

11 Months

May 1, 2025

N/A

209,832

426,340

308,810

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs vested and settled during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs Vested (#)		Vest Date	Shares Issued (#)		Shares Withheld for Taxes (#)
2015		21,582	Feb 8, 2024		21,582		-
2015		9,000	Mar 1, 2024		6,057		2,943
2015		44,217	Mar 27, 2024		40,530		3,687
2015		51,000	Apr 4, 2024		32,337		18,663
2015		50,000	May 1, 2024		34,496		15,504
2015		11,500	Jun 1, 2024		6,670		4,830
2015		14,962	Jun 15, 2024		11,684		3,278
		202,261			153,356		48,905

c) Restricted Stock Units (continued)

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs cancelled during the six months ended June 30, 2024, all of which were originally issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs (#)		Cancellation Date	Vesting Date	RSUs Cancelled (#)
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2024		8,000
2015		6,000	Jan 16, 2024	Oct 4, 2024		6,000
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2025		8,000
2015		6,000	Jan 16, 2024	Oct 4, 2025		6,000
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2026		8,000
2015		667	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2024		667
2015		667	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2025		667
2015		666	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2026		666
2015		1,775	Mar 25, 2024	Mar 27, 2024		1,775
2015		2,098	Mar 25, 2024	Jun 15, 2024		2,098
2015		2,667	May 17, 2024	Oct 4, 2024		2,667
2015		2,666	May 17, 2024	Oct 4, 2025		2,666
2015		1,000	May 17, 2024	Mar 27, 2025		1,000
2015		1,000	May 17, 2024	Mar 27, 2026		1,000
2015		3,334	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2024		3,334
2015		3,333	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2025		3,333
2015		3,333	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2026		3,333
2015		9,334	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2024		9,334
2015		9,333	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2025		9,333
2015		9,333	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2026		9,333
		87,206				87,206

c) Restricted Stock Units (continued)

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and which have an aggregate weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.37 years.

RSUs Outstanding (#)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Share Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
40,000		0.58		1.37
450,000		0.68		2.80
450,000		0.69		1.76
1,535,000		0.70		1.25
297,340		0.71		0.84
115,000		0.74		1.90
14,000		0.97		1.65
6,000		1.31		1.20
14,000		1.32		1.04
702,654		1.46		0.76
17,332		1.58		0.73
12,500		1.69		0.23
54,333		1.72		1.17
29,000		2.01		0.13
666		2.15		0.92
34,000		2.95		0.19
3,771,825

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments And Contingencies

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

a) Finance Lease Obligations

The following is a schedule showing the future minimum lease payments under finance leases by years and the present value of the minimum payments as of June 30, 2024.

2024 - remaining	$	28,840
2025	$	57,672
2026	$	57,661
2027	$	57,647
2028	$	57,633
Greater than 5 years	$	194,395
Total	$	453,848
Less: Amount representing interest	$	(42,203	)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	411,645

b) Operating Lease Right-of-Use Obligations

Operating leases as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
	$			$
Operating lease right-of-use assets		512,317			549,504

Operating lease liabilities, current portion		190,099			199,323
Operating lease liabilities, long term		350,810			378,054
Total operating lease liabilities		540,909			577,377

Weighted average remaining lease (months)		32			33
Weighted average discount rate		3.24	%		3.02	%

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, cash paid for amounts included for the measurement of lease liabilities was $125,313 and the Company recorded operating lease expense of $126,217.

b) Operating Lease Right-of-Use Obligations (continued)

The following is a schedule showing the future minimum lease payments under operating leases by years and the present value of the minimum payments as of June 30, 2024.

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		117,231
2025		191,273
2026		164,435
2027		92,151
2028		10,212
Total		575,302
Less: imputed interest		(34,393	)
Total Operating Lease Liabilities		540,909

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		42,723
2025		7,198
Total Operating Lease Liabilities		49,921

c) Grants Repayable

As of June 30, 2024, the total grant balance repayable was $464,108 and the payments remaining were as follows:

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		54,169
2025		36,305
2026		43,756
2027		48,579
2028		51,951
Greater than 5 years		229,348
Total Grants Repayable		464,108

d) Long-Term Debt

As of June 30, 2024, the total balance for long-term debt payable was $4,908,499 and the payments remaining were as follows:

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		859,476
2025		1,005,297
2026		781,901
2027		583,641
2028		2,437,212
Greater than 5 years		314,022
Total		5,981,549
Less: amount representing interest		(1,073,050	)
Total Long-Term Debt		4,908,499

e) Collaborative Agreement Obligations

e) Collaborative Agreement Obligations (continued)

As of June 30, 2024, the total amount to be paid for future research and collaboration commitments was $1,343,741 and the payments remaining were as follows:

	Total Amount Remaining		2024 - Estimated		2025 - Estimated
	$		$		$
National University of Taiwan		510,000		510,000		-
MD Anderson Cancer Center		449,406		285,860		163,546
Guys and St Thomas		164,235		61,588		102,647
Xenetic Biosciences		81,447		26,142		55,305
UMC		138,653		92,343		46,310
Total Collaborative Obligations		1,343,741		975,933		367,808

f) Other Commitments

Volition Germany

Volition America

VolitionRx

g) Legal Proceedings

h) Commitments in Respect of Corporate Goals and Performance-Based Awards

Total	Vesting	Amortized		Amortized		Amortized		Un-Amortized
Award	Year	2024		2023		2022
$		$		$		$		$
527,940	2023		-		393,853		134,087		-
517,613	2024		126,283		260,119		65,088		66,123
528,864	2025		87,894		177,584		46,686		216,700
1,574,417			214,177		831,556		245,861		282,823

Total	Vesting	Amortized		Amortized		Un-Amortized
Award	Year	2024		2023		2024
$		$		$		$
241,771	2024		118,511		63,970		59,290
241,764	2025		59,416		32,071		150,277
241,754	2026		39,645		21,400		180,709
725,289			217,572		117,441		390,276

Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Note 9 – Subsequent Events

Settlement of RSUs

RSUs Granted

RSUs Cancelled

On July 12, 2024, 19,666 RSUs previously granted to an employee were cancelled and returned as authorized and unissued shares under the 2015 Plan upon termination of employment prior to vesting.

On August 4, 2024, 46,333 RSUs previously granted to an employee were cancelled and returned as authorized and unissued shares under the 2015 Plan upon termination of employment prior to vesting.

Increase in Authorised Capital

Equity Capital Raise

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis Of Presentation

Reclassification

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company currently believes there are no other issued and not yet effective accounting standards that are materially relevant to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Included in the following table are the Company’s major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024.

Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024

Description

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Liabilities

Warrant liability

101,097

Warrant Liability
	Total
	$
Balance at December 31, 2023		126,649
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(25,552	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		101,097

Basic And Diluted Net Loss Per Share

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule Of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2024

Description

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Liabilities

Warrant liability

101,097

Schedule Of warrant liability measured at fair value

Warrant Liability
	Total
	$
Balance at December 31, 2023		126,649
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability		(25,552	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		101,097

Property and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Property and Equipment

Schedule Of Property And Equipment

		June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Useful Life	Cost $		Cost $
Computer hardware and software	3 years		723,206		724,534
Laboratory equipment	5 years		4,630,385		4,753,253
Office furniture and equipment	5 years		370,493		378,800
Buildings	30 years		2,049,211		2,113,031
Building improvements	5-15 years		1,574,428		1,610,016
Land	Not amortized		128,467		132,468
Total property and equipment			9,476,190		9,712,102
Less accumulated depreciation			4,597,773		4,189,089
Total property and equipment net			4,878,417		5,523,013

Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Intangible Assets

Schedule Of Intangible Assets

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Cost $		Cost $
Patents		1,098,717		1,130,936
Licenses		296,353		-
Total Patents and Licenses		1,395,070		1,130,936
Less accumulated amortization		1,062,849		1,107,050
Total patents and Licenses, net		332,221		23,886

Schedule Of Annual Estimated Amortization

2024	$	16,057
2025	$	20,448
2026	$	20,448
2027	$	20,448
2028	$	20,448
Greater than 5 years	$	234,372
Total Intangible Assets	$	332,221

Common Stock (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Common Stock

Summary of RSUs vested and settled during period

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs Vested (#)		Vest Date	Shares Issued (#)		Shares Withheld for Taxes (#)
2015		21,582	Feb 8, 2024		21,582		-
2015		9,000	Mar 1, 2024		6,057		2,943
2015		44,217	Mar 27, 2024		40,530		3,687
2015		51,000	Apr 4, 2024		32,337		18,663
2015		50,000	May 1, 2024		34,496		15,504
2015		11,500	Jun 1, 2024		6,670		4,830
2015		14,962	Jun 15, 2024		11,684		3,278
		202,261			153,356		48,905

Schedule of fair value of the warrants

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023

Risk-free interest rate		4.43	%		3.89	%
Expected volatility		82.80	%		76.30	%
Expected life (years)		3.94			4.44
Expected dividend yield		-			-
Total fair value	$	101,097		$	126,649

Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Stock Based Compensation

Summary Of Changes In Warrants Outstanding

	Number of Warrants		Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		862,500		3.05
Granted		-		-
Expired/Cancelled		-		-
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		862,500		3.05

Exercisable at June 30, 2024		862,500		3.05

Summarizing The Warrants Issued And Outstanding

Number Outstanding	Number Exercisable		Exercise Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Proceeds to Company if Exercised ($)
448,500		448,500		2.00		3.96		897,000
54,000		54,000		3.05		4.26		164,700
50,000		50,000		3.45		1.67		172,500
125,000		125,000		3.95		2.51		493,750
185,000		185,000		4.90		2.59		906,500
862,500		862,500						2,634,450

Summarizes The Changes In Options Outstanding

	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		4,699,569			3.87
Expired/Cancelled		(36,821	)		3.40
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		4,662,748			3.88

Exercisable at June 30, 2024		4,662,748			3.88

Summarizing The Options Issued And Outstanding

Number Outstanding	Number Exercisable		Exercise Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Proceeds to Company if Exercised ($)
585,000		585,000		3.25		0.62		1,901,250
944,748		944,748		3.40		7.10		3,212,143
740,000		740,000		3.60		5.86		2,664,000
1,607,837		1,607,837		4.00		2.24		6,431,348
89,163		89,163		4.38		3.57		390,534
50,000		50,000		4.80		2.51		240,000
646,000		646,000		5.00		2.74		3,230,000
4,662,748		4,662,748						18,069,275

Summarizing The Rsus Issued And Outstanding

	RSUs (#)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Share Price ($)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		3,634,952			1.01
Granted		426,340			0.72
Vested/Settled		(202,261	)		2.46
Cancelled / Forfeited		(87,206	)		1.13
Outstanding at June 30, 2024		3,771,825			0.89

Schedule of RSUs granted during period

Equity Incentive Plan

RSUs Granted (#)

Grant Date

Vesting Period

First Vesting Date

Second Vesting Date

Third Vesting Date

RSU Expense ($)

2015

14,000

Feb 22, 2024

36 Months

Feb 22, 2025

Feb 22, 2026

Feb 22, 2027

13,589

2015

115,000

May 23, 2024

36 Months

May 23, 2025

May 23, 2026

May 23, 2027

85,389

2015

297,340

Jun 1, 2024

11 Months

May 1, 2025

N/A

209,832

426,340

308,810

Schedule of RSUs vested and settled during period

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs Vested (#)		Vest Date	Shares Issued (#)		Shares Withheld for Taxes (#)
2015		21,582	Feb 8, 2024		21,582		-
2015		9,000	Mar 1, 2024		6,057		2,943
2015		44,217	Mar 27, 2024		40,530		3,687
2015		51,000	Apr 4, 2024		32,337		18,663
2015		50,000	May 1, 2024		34,496		15,504
2015		11,500	Jun 1, 2024		6,670		4,830
2015		14,962	Jun 15, 2024		11,684		3,278
		202,261			153,356		48,905

Schedule of RSUs cancelled

Equity Incentive Plan	RSUs (#)		Cancellation Date	Vesting Date	RSUs Cancelled (#)
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2024		8,000
2015		6,000	Jan 16, 2024	Oct 4, 2024		6,000
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2025		8,000
2015		6,000	Jan 16, 2024	Oct 4, 2025		6,000
2015		8,000	Jan 16, 2024	Sep 28, 2026		8,000
2015		667	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2024		667
2015		667	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2025		667
2015		666	Feb 9, 2024	Jun 15, 2026		666
2015		1,775	Mar 25, 2024	Mar 27, 2024		1,775
2015		2,098	Mar 25, 2024	Jun 15, 2024		2,098
2015		2,667	May 17, 2024	Oct 4, 2024		2,667
2015		2,666	May 17, 2024	Oct 4, 2025		2,666
2015		1,000	May 17, 2024	Mar 27, 2025		1,000
2015		1,000	May 17, 2024	Mar 27, 2026		1,000
2015		3,334	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2024		3,334
2015		3,333	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2025		3,333
2015		3,333	May 17, 2024	Sep 28, 2026		3,333
2015		9,334	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2024		9,334
2015		9,333	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2025		9,333
2015		9,333	May 31, 2024	Sep 11, 2026		9,333
		87,206				87,206

Schedule of RSUs issued and outstanding and average contractual life

RSUs Outstanding (#)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Share Price ($)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
40,000		0.58		1.37
450,000		0.68		2.80
450,000		0.69		1.76
1,535,000		0.70		1.25
297,340		0.71		0.84
115,000		0.74		1.90
14,000		0.97		1.65
6,000		1.31		1.20
14,000		1.32		1.04
702,654		1.46		0.76
17,332		1.58		0.73
12,500		1.69		0.23
54,333		1.72		1.17
29,000		2.01		0.13
666		2.15		0.92
34,000		2.95		0.19
3,771,825

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under financing leases

2024 - remaining	$	28,840
2025	$	57,672
2026	$	57,661
2027	$	57,647
2028	$	57,633
Greater than 5 years	$	194,395
Total	$	453,848
Less: Amount representing interest	$	(42,203	)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$	411,645

Schedule of operating lease

	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
	$			$
Operating lease right-of-use assets		512,317			549,504

Operating lease liabilities, current portion		190,099			199,323
Operating lease liabilities, long term		350,810			378,054
Total operating lease liabilities		540,909			577,377

Weighted average remaining lease (months)		32			33
Weighted average discount rate		3.24	%		3.02	%

Schedule Of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Operating Leases

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		117,231
2025		191,273
2026		164,435
2027		92,151
2028		10,212
Total		575,302
Less: imputed interest		(34,393	)
Total Operating Lease Liabilities		540,909

Schedule Of Recognized In Short-term Lease Costs

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		42,723
2025		7,198
Total Operating Lease Liabilities		49,921

Schedule Of Grants Repayable

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		54,169
2025		36,305
2026		43,756
2027		48,579
2028		51,951
Greater than 5 years		229,348
Total Grants Repayable		464,108

Schedule Of Long-term Debt Payable

For the Six Months Ending June 30, 2024	Amount
	$
2024 - Remaining		859,476
2025		1,005,297
2026		781,901
2027		583,641
2028		2,437,212
Greater than 5 years		314,022
Total		5,981,549
Less: amount representing interest		(1,073,050	)
Total Long-Term Debt		4,908,499

Schedule of annual payments Of Collaborative Agreement Obligations

	Total Amount Remaining		2024 - Estimated		2025 - Estimated
	$		$		$
National University of Taiwan		510,000		510,000		-
MD Anderson Cancer Center		449,406		285,860		163,546
Guys and St Thomas		164,235		61,588		102,647
Xenetic Biosciences		81,447		26,142		55,305
UMC		138,653		92,343		46,310
Total Collaborative Obligations		1,343,741		975,933		367,808

Schedule of commitments in respect of corporate goals and performance based awards

Total	Vesting	Amortized		Amortized		Amortized		Un-Amortized
Award	Year	2024		2023		2022
$		$		$		$		$
527,940	2023		-		393,853		134,087		-
517,613	2024		126,283		260,119		65,088		66,123
528,864	2025		87,894		177,584		46,686		216,700
1,574,417			214,177		831,556		245,861		282,823

Total	Vesting	Amortized		Amortized		Un-Amortized
Award	Year	2024		2023		2024
$		$		$		$
241,771	2024		118,511		63,970		59,290
241,764	2025		59,416		32,071		150,277
241,754	2026		39,645		21,400		180,709
725,289			217,572		117,441		390,276

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Warrant liability	$ 101,097	$ 126,649
Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Warrant liability	0
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Warrant liability	101,097
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Warrant liability	$ 0

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Warrant Liability beginning balance	$ 126,649
Gain on change in fair value of warrant liability	(25,552)
Warrant Liability ending balance	$ 101,097

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Warrant Liability	$ 101,097	$ 126,649
Potentially Dilutive Securities Excluded From The Computation Of Eps	9,297,073

Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Accumulated deficit	$ (217,929,441)				$ (217,929,441)		$ (202,576,507)
Cash flows from operating activities					(15,074,388)	$ (16,092,324)
Net Loss	(7,060,175)	$ (8,472,005)	$ (9,551,277)	$ (8,872,909)	(15,532,180)	$ (18,424,186)
Liquidity and Going Concern Assessment [Member]
Accumulated deficit	(217,900,000)				(217,900,000)
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,000,000.0				6,000,000.0
Cash flows from operating activities					15,100,000
Net Loss					$ (15,500,000)

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Total property and equipment	$ 9,476,190	$ 9,712,102
Less accumulated depreciation	4,597,773	4,189,089
Total property and equipment net	4,878,417	5,523,013
Computer Hardware And Software [Member]
Total property and equipment	$ 723,206	724,534
Estimated useful life	3 years
Laboratory Equipment [Member]
Total property and equipment	$ 4,630,385	4,753,253
Estimated useful life	5 years
Office Furniture and Equipment [Member]
Total property and equipment	$ 370,493	378,800
Estimated useful life	5 years
Buildings [Member]
Total property and equipment	$ 2,049,211	2,113,031
Estimated useful life	30 years
Building Improvements [Member]
Total property and equipment	$ 1,574,428	1,610,016
Building Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Building Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Estimated useful life	15 years
Land [Member]
Total property and equipment	$ 128,467	$ 132,468

Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Property and Equipment
Depreciation Expense	$ 545,128	$ 517,921

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Total Patents and Licenses	$ 1,395,070	$ 1,130,936
Less accumulated amortization	1,062,849	1,107,050
Total patents and Licenses, net	332,221	23,886
Patents [Member]
Total Patents and Licenses	1,098,717	1,130,936
Licenses [Member]
Total Patents and Licenses	$ 296,353	$ 0

Intangible Assets (Details 1) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Intangible Assets
2024	$ 16,057
2025	20,448
2026	20,448
2027	20,448
2028	20,448
Greater than 5 years	234,372
Total Intangible Assets	$ 332,221	$ 23,886

Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Amortization Expense	$ (12,624)	$ 42,392
Minimum [Member] \| Patents And Intellectual Property [Member]
Amortization Of Patents On Straight Line Basis	8 years
Maximum [Member] \| Patents And Intellectual Property [Member]
Amortization Of Patents On Straight Line Basis	20 years

Common Stock (Details)	6 Months Ended
Common Stock (Details)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares
Equity Incentive RSU	202,261
Incentive RSU Issued	153,356
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 48,905
Equity Incentive Plan One [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	21,582
Incentive Vest Date	Feb. 08, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	21,582
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 0
Equity Incentive Plan Two [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	9,000
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 01, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	6,057
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 2,943
Equity Incentive Plan Three [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	44,217
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 27, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	40,530
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 3,687
Equity Incentive Plan Four [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	51,000
Incentive Vest Date	Apr. 04, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	32,337
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 18,663
Equity Incentive Plan Five [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	50,000
Incentive Vest Date	May 01, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	34,496
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 15,504
Equity Incentive Plan Six [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	11,500
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 01, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	6,670
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 4,830
Equity Incentive Plan Seven [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	14,962
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 15, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	11,684
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 3,278

Common Stock (Details 1) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Common Stock (Details 1) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common Stock
Risk-free interest rate	4.43%	3.89%
Expected volatility	82.80%	76.30%
Expected term (years)	3 years 11 months 8 days	4 years 5 months 8 days
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Total fair value	$ 101,097	$ 126,649

Common Stock (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended			6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Common Stock (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2024	Apr. 16, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	May 20, 2022	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common stock price per share					$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized					100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued					82,928,314	81,898,321
Common stock, shares outstanding					82,928,314	81,898,321
Total fair value					$ 101,097	$ 126,649
2015 [Member]
Vested stock options		36,821
Underwriting Agreement [Member]
Total fair value					$ 101,097	$ 126,649
Warrants issued to purchase shares of common stock			448,500
Exercise price			$ 2.00
EpiCypher License Agreement [Member]
Common stock price per share	$ 0.97
Issuance of restricted common stock	129,132
Equity Distribution Agreement [Member]
Common stock shares sold					747,505
Aggeregate share of common stock offering price				$ 25,000,000.0
Aggregate net proceeds					$ 605,221
2022 EDA [Member]
Common stock shares sold					1,378,037
Commissions and fee					$ 2,100,000

StockBased Compensation (Details) - Warrants [Member]	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details) - Warrants [Member]	Jun. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number of warrants Outstanding beginning balance \| shares	862,500
Number of warrants outstanding ending balance \| shares	862,500
Number of Warrants Exercisable \| shares	862,500
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding balance	$ 3.05
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	0
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Expired/Cancelled	0
Weighted Average Exercise Price, ending balance	3.05
Weighted Average Exercise Price, exercisable	$ 3.05

StockBased Compensation (Details 1)	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 1)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Warrants [Member]
Number Exercisable	862,500
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 2,634,450
Number Outstanding	862,500
Warrant One [Member]
Number Exercisable	448,500
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 2.00
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 897,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	3 years 11 months 15 days
Number Outstanding	448,500
Warrant Two [Member]
Number Exercisable	54,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 3.05
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 164,700
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	4 years 3 months 3 days
Number Outstanding	54,000
Warrant Three [Member]
Number Exercisable	50,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 3.45
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 172,500
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	1 year 8 months 1 day
Number Outstanding	50,000
Warrants Four [Member]
Number Exercisable	125,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 3.95
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 493,750
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	2 years 6 months 3 days
Number Outstanding	125,000
Warrants Five [Member]
Number Exercisable	185,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 4.90
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 906,500
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	2 years 7 months 2 days
Number Outstanding	185,000

StockBased Compensation (Details 2) - Option [Member]	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 2) - Option [Member]	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of options outstanding beginning balance \| shares	4,699,569
Number of options, Expired/Cancelled \| $	$ (36,821)
Number of option outstanding ending balance \| shares	4,662,748
Number of options, exercisable \| shares	4,662,748
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding balance	$ 3.87
Weighted Average Exercise Price expires/cancelled	3.40
Weighted Average Exercise Price ending balance	3.88
Weighted Average Exercise Price exercisable balance	$ 3.88

StockBased Compensation (Details 3)	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 3)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Option Six [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	50,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 4.80
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 years 6 months 3 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 240,000
Number Outstanding, shares	50,000
Option Seven [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	646,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 5.00
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 years 8 months 26 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 3,230,000
Number Outstanding, shares	646,000
Options One [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	585,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 3.25
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	7 months 13 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 1,901,250
Number Outstanding, shares	585,000
Option Two [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	944,748
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 3.40
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	7 years 1 month 6 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 3,212,143
Number Outstanding, shares	944,748
Option Three [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	740,000
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 3.60
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	5 years 10 months 9 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 2,664,000
Number Outstanding, shares	740,000
Option Four [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	1,607,837
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 4.00
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 years 2 months 26 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 6,431,348
Number Outstanding, shares	1,607,837
Option Five [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	89,163
Exercise Price \| $ / shares	$ 4.38
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	3 years 6 months 25 days
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 390,534
Number Outstanding, shares	89,163
Total Option [Member]
Number Exercisable, shares	4,662,748
Proceeds to Company if Exercised \| $	$ 18,069,275
Number Outstanding, shares	4,662,748

StockBased Compensation (Details 4) - Stock Options [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number Of Rsus Outstanding Begining Balance shares \| shares	3,634,952
Granted \| shares	426,340
Vested/Settled \| shares	(202,261)
Cancelled / Forfeited \| shares	(87,206)
Number Of Rsus Outstanding ending Balance \| shares	3,771,825
Share Price Beginning Balance shares \| $ / shares	$ 1.01
Share Price Granted \| $ / shares	0.72
Share Price Vested/Settled \| $ / shares	2.46
Share Price Cancelled / Forfeited \| $ / shares	1.13
Share Price ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 0.89

StockBased Compensation (Details 5)	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 5)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares
Compensation Expense RSUs \| shares	426,340
RSU Expense \| $	$ 308,810
Compensation Expense One [Member]
Compensation Expense RSUs \| shares	14,000
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Compensation Expense grant date	Feb. 22, 2024
Compensation Expense Vesting Period	36 Months
First Vesting date	Feb. 22, 2025
RSU Expense \| $	$ 13,589
Second vesting date	Feb. 22, 2026
Third vesting date	Feb. 22, 2027
Compensation Expense Two [Member]
Compensation Expense RSUs \| shares	115,000
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Compensation Expense grant date	May 23, 2024
Compensation Expense Vesting Period	36 Months
First Vesting date	May 23, 2025
RSU Expense \| $	$ 85,389
Second vesting date	May 23, 2026
Third vesting date	May 23, 2027
Compensation Expense Three [Member]
Compensation Expense RSUs \| shares	297,340
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Compensation Expense grant date	Jun. 01, 2024
Compensation Expense Vesting Period	11 Months
First Vesting date	May 01, 2025
RSU Expense \| $	$ 209,832

StockBased Compensation (Details 6)	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 6)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares
Equity Incentive RSU	202,261
Incentive RSU Issued	153,356
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 48,905
Equity Incentive RSUD	202,261
Equity Incentive Plan One [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	21,582
Incentive Vest Date	Feb. 08, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	21,582
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 0
Equity Incentive Plan Two [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	9,000
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 01, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	6,057
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 2,943
Equity Incentive Plan Three [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	44,217
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 27, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	40,530
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 3,687
Equity Incentive Plan Four [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	51,000
Incentive Vest Date	Apr. 04, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	32,337
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 18,663
Equity Incentive Plan Five [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	50,000
Incentive Vest Date	May 01, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	34,496
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 15,504
Equity Incentive Plan Six [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	11,500
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 01, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	6,670
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 4,830
Equity Incentive Plan Seven [Member]
Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	14,962
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 15, 2024
Incentive RSU Issued	11,684
RSUs Held for Taxes \| $	$ 3,278

StockBased Compensation (Details 7)	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 7)	Jun. 30, 2024 shares
Equity Incentive RSU	202,261
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	87,206
Equity Incentive RSU	87,206
RSUs Cancelled Plan One [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	8,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	Jan. 16, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 28, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	8,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Two [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	6,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	Jan. 16, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Oct. 04, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	6,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Three [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	8,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	Jan. 16, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 28, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	8,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Four [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	6,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	Jan. 16, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Oct. 04, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	6,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Five [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	8,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	Jan. 16, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 28, 2026
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	8,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Six [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	667
Incentive Cancellation Date	Feb. 09, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 15, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	667
RSUs Cancelled Plan Seven [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	667
Incentive Cancellation Date	Feb. 09, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 15, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	667
RSUs Cancelled Plan Eight [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	666
Incentive Cancellation Date	Feb. 09, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 15, 2026
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	666
RSUs Cancelled Plan Nine [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	1,775
Incentive Cancellation Date	Mar. 25, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 27, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	1,775
RSUs Cancelled Plan Ten [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	2,098
Incentive Cancellation Date	Mar. 25, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Jun. 15, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	2,098
RSUs Cancelled Plan Eleven [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	2,667
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Oct. 04, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	2,667
RSUs Cancelled Plan Twelve [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	2,666
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Oct. 04, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	2,666
RSUs Cancelled Plan Thirteen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	1,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 27, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	1,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Fourteen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	1,000
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Mar. 27, 2026
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	1,000
RSUs Cancelled Plan Fifteen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	3,334
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 28, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	3,334
RSUs Cancelled Plan Sixteen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	3,333
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 28, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	3,333
RSUs Cancelled Plan Seventeen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	3,333
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 17, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 28, 2026
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	3,333
RSUs Cancelled Plan Eighteen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	9,334
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 31, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 11, 2024
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	9,334
RSUs Cancelled Plan Nineteen [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	9,333
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 31, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 11, 2025
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	9,333
RSUs Cancelled Plan Twenty [Member]
Equity Incentive Plan	2015
Equity Incentive RSU	9,333
Incentive Cancellation Date	May 31, 2024
Incentive Vest Date	Sep. 11, 2026
Incentive RSUs Cancelled	9,333

StockBased Compensation (Details 8)	6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details 8)	Jun. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Option Ten [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	702,654
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 1.46
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	9 months 3 days
Options One [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	40,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.58
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 4 months 13 days
Option Two [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	450,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.68
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 years 9 months 18 days
Option Three [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	450,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.69
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 9 months 3 days
Option Four [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	1,535,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.70
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 3 months
Option Five [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	297,340
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.71
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	10 months 2 days
Total Option [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	3,771,825
Option Six [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	115,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.74
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 10 months 24 days
Option Seven [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	14,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 0.97
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 7 months 24 days
Option Eight [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	6,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 1.31
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 2 months 12 days
Option Nine [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	14,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 1.32
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 14 days
Option Eleven [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	17,332
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 1.58
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	8 months 23 days
Option Twelve [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	12,500
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 1.69
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 months 23 days
Option Thirteen [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	54,333
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 1.72
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 year 2 months 1 day
Option Fourteen [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	29,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 2.01
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	1 month 17 days
Option Fifteen [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	666
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 2.15
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	11 months 1 day
Option Sixteen [Member]
Number Of Stock Outstanding Balance	34,000
Share Price \| $ / shares	$ 2.95
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	2 months 8 days

StockBased Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
StockBased Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Compensation Expense RSUs					426,340
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense	$ 208,046	$ 411,220	$ 592,174	$ 693,657	$ 619,266	$ 1,285,831
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life					1 year 4 months 13 days
Compensation Expense RSUs					297,340
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense					$ 614,028	1,030,143
Remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs	$ 1,256,598				1,256,598
Option [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense					$ 0	235,368
Option [Member] \| 2015 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life					3 years 8 months 15 days
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	9,700,000				9,700,000
Common Stock Shares Reserved For Future Issuance	354,782				354,782
Warrants [Member]
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life					3 years 3 months 29 days
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense					$ 5,238	$ 20,320

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Finance Lease Obligations [Member]	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
2024 - remaining	$ 28,840
2025	57,672
2026	57,661
2027	57,647
2028	57,633
Greater than 5 years	194,395
Total	453,848
Less: Amount representing interest	(42,203)
Present value of minimum lease payments	$ 411,645

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 1) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 1) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Operating right-of-use assets	$ 512,317	$ 549,504
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	190,099	199,323
Operating lease liabilities, long term	350,810	378,054
Operating Lease Right of Use Obligations [Member]
Operating right-of-use assets	$ 512,317	$ 549,504
Weighted average remaining lease (months)	32 months	33 months
Weighted average discount rate	3.24%	3.02%
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	$ 190,099	$ 199,323
Operating lease liabilities, long term	350,810	378,054
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 540,909	$ 577,377

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 2) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Less: imputed interest	$ (1,073,050)
Operating Lease Right of Use Obligations [Member]
2024 - Remaining	117,231
2025	191,273
2026	164,435
2027	92,151
2028	10,212
Total	575,302
Less: imputed interest	(34,393)
Total Operating Lease Liabilities	$ 540,909	$ 577,377

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 3)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies
2024 - Remaining	$ 42,723
2025	7,198
Total Operating Lease Liabilities	$ 49,921

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 4)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Total Grants Repayable	$ 464,108
Grants Repayable [Member]
2024 - Remaining	54,169
2025	36,305
2026	43,756
2027	48,579
2028	51,951
Greater than 5 years	229,348
Total Grants Repayable	$ 464,108

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 5)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies
2024 - Remaining	$ 859,476
2025	1,005,297
2026	781,901
2027	583,641
2028	2,437,212
Greater than 5 years	314,022
Total	5,981,549
Less: imputed interest	(1,073,050)
Total Long-Term Debt	$ 4,908,499

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 6)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Total Amount Remaining	$ 1,343,741
2025 - Estimated	367,808
2024 - Estimated	975,933
National Universty of Taiwan
Total Amount Remaining	510,000
2025 - Estimated	0
2024 - Estimated	510,000
MD Anderson Cancer Center
Total Amount Remaining	449,406
2025 - Estimated	163,546
2024 - Estimated	285,860
Guys and St Thomas
Total Amount Remaining	164,235
2025 - Estimated	102,647
2024 - Estimated	61,588
Xentic Bioscience
Total Amount Remaining	81,447
2025 - Estimated	55,305
2024 - Estimated	26,142
UMC
Total Amount Remaining	138,653
2025 - Estimated	46,310
2024 - Estimated	$ 92,343

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 7) - Restricted stock option	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Outstanding Award 3
Outstanding award	$ 527,940
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	0
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	393,853
Amortized of outstanding award 2022	$ 134,087
Vesting period	2023
Unamortized of outstanding award	$ 0
Outstanding Award 4
Outstanding award	517,613
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	126,283
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	260,119
Amortized of outstanding award 2022	$ 65,088
Vesting period	2024
Unamortized of outstanding award	$ 66,123
Outstanding Award 5
Outstanding award	528,864
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	87,894
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	177,584
Amortized of outstanding award 2022	$ 46,686
Vesting period	2025
Unamortized of outstanding award	$ 216,700
Total Member
Outstanding award	1,574,417
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	214,177
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	831,556
Amortized of outstanding award 2022	245,861
Unamortized of outstanding award	$ 282,823

Commitments and Contingencies (Details 8) - Restricted Stock Options Vested [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Total Member
Outstanding award	$ 725,289
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	217,572
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	117,441
Unamortized of outstanding award	390,276
Outstanding Award 1
Outstanding award	$ 241,771
Vesting period	2024
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	$ 118,511
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	63,970
Unamortized of outstanding award	59,290
Outstanding Award 2
Outstanding award	$ 241,764
Vesting period	2025
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	$ 59,416
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	32,071
Unamortized of outstanding award	150,277
Outstanding Award 3
Outstanding award	$ 241,754
Vesting period	2026
Amortized of outstanding award 2024	$ 39,645
Amortized of outstanding award 2023	21,400
Unamortized of outstanding award	$ 180,709

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)			6 Months Ended
	Feb. 05, 2024	Nov. 03, 2020	Jun. 30, 2024
Payments For Future Research And Collobration			$ 1,343,741
Total Grants Repayable			464,108
Principal balance payable			163,668
Aggerate Amount Payable, Description		under this agreement will be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2024 at a total additional cost to the Company of up to $0.7 million
Loan agreement, Description	9-month loan agreement with First Insurance Funding for a maximum of $294,603 with fixed interest rate of 8.42%, maturing in November 2024
Total Long-Term Debt			4,908,499
Amount payable for services rendered			146,221
Amount may be payable by Company in future periods for services rendered			363,778
Accrued compensation expense			536,535
Recognized total compensation expense			335,013
RSU 2023 [Member]
Unrecognized compensation expense			390,276
RSU 2024 [Member]
Unrecognized compensation expense			59,290
RSU 2025 [Member]
Unrecognized compensation expense			150,277
RSU 2026 [Member]
Unrecognized compensation expense			180,709
Two Thousand Twenty Two [Member] \| Univercity Of Texas MD [Member]
Collaborative Obligations Amount Due			204,087
Additional Cost Of Company			449,406
Cost			449,406
August Two Thousand Twenty Three [Member] \| Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust [Member]
Collaborative Obligations Amount Due			0
Additional Cost Of Company			164,235
Cost			164,235
July Thirty One Thousand Twenty Three [Member] \| Xenetic Biosciences Inc and CLS Therapeutics [Member]
Collaborative Obligations Amount Due			26,142
Additional Cost Of Company			81,447
Cost			107,589
January TwoThousand Twenty Four [Member] \| University Medical Centre Amsterdam[Member]
Collaborative Obligations Amount Due			46,218
Additional Cost Of Company			138,653
Cost			138,653
Managing Director's Agreement [Member]
Amount payable			209
Royalty Payment			117,761
Clinical Study Research Agreement [Member] \| In 2018 [Member] \| University of Taiwan [Member]
Collaborative Obligations Amount Due			510,000
Collaborative Obligations Amount			$ 25,500
Lease Agreement Expire Period			three-year
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Recognized total compensation expense			$ 1,291,594
RSU Vested in 2024			451,490
RSU Vested in 2023			527,940
RSU Vested in 2025			312,164
Unrecognized compensation expense			282,823
Operating Lease Right of Use Obligations [Member]
Payment Of Lease Liabilities			125,313
Operating Lease Expense			126,217
Short Term Lease Costs			$ 40,334

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)							3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Aug. 08, 2024	Aug. 04, 2024	Jul. 13, 2024	Jul. 12, 2024	Jul. 08, 2024	Jul. 01, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 02, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Common Stock, Shares Authorized							100,000,000				100,000,000			100,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Par Value							$ 0.001				$ 0.001			$ 0.001
Common Stock, Shares Issued							82,928,314				82,928,314			81,898,321
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense							$ 208,046	$ 411,220	$ 592,174	$ 693,657	$ 619,266	$ 1,285,831
Subsequent Event [Member]
Stock issued during period, shares	9,170,000
Pre-Funded Warrants	3,557,273
Exercise price	$ 0.001
Offering price	$ 0.549
Proceeds from securities	$ 6,400,000
Offering expenses	$ 100,000
Warrants issued to purchase			3,165
Common Stock, Shares Par Value													$ 0.001
Common Stock, Shares Issued													175,000,000
RSUs granted cancelled		46,333		19,666
Common stock, shares withheld for taxes			1,502
RSUs, vested			4,667
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Placement agent[Member]
Warrants issued to purchase	381,818
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Common Stock, Shares Authorized													100,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Common Stock, Shares Authorized													175,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| July 1, 2024 [Member]
RSUs, vested						38,198
Subsequent Event [Member] \| July 8, 2024 [Member]
RSUs, vested					21,583
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense					$ 13,209
Agreement					RSUs vest upon the achievement of advisory services set out in the agreement with 21,583 vesting on January 1, 2025
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Series A common stock [Member]
Warrants to purchase	12,727,273
Exercise price	$ 0.57
Offering price	$ 0.55
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Series B common stock [Member]
Warrants to purchase	12,727,273
Exercise price	$ 0.57
Offering price	0.55
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Series B common stock [Member] \| Placement agent[Member]
Exercise price	$ 0.6875