Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35780

BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

80-0188269

(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

2 Wells Avenue

Newton, Massachusetts

02459

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 673-8000

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

BFAM

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 25, 2024, there were 58,004,156 shares of common stock outstanding.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	31
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31
Item 5.	Other Information	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	32
Signatures		33

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,683	$	71,568
Accounts receivable — net of allowance for credit losses of $2,738 and $2,317 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	219,761		281,710
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	64,774		93,621

Total current assets	348,218		446,899
Fixed assets — net	574,446		579,296
Goodwill	1,771,412		1,786,405
Other intangible assets — net	208,430		216,576
Operating lease right-of-use assets	767,470		774,703
Other assets	121,427		92,265
Total assets	$	3,791,403	$	3,896,144
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	21,000	$	18,500

Accounts payable and accrued expenses	237,966		259,077
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	99,769		100,387
Deferred revenue	278,592		272,891
Other current liabilities	49,097		148,578
Total current liabilities	686,424		799,433
Long-term debt — net	938,060		944,264
Operating lease liabilities	788,894		796,701
Other long-term liabilities	105,784		101,259
Deferred revenue	10,554		8,656
Deferred income taxes	32,418		33,155
Total liabilities	2,562,134		2,683,468
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 475,000,000 shares authorized; 57,953,066 and 57,817,593 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	58		58
Additional paid-in capital	663,406		645,894
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(77,009)		(59,101)
Retained earnings	642,814		625,825
Total stockholders’ equity	1,229,269		1,212,676
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,791,403	$	3,896,144

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Revenue	$	622,709	$	553,606
Cost of services	487,581		431,992
Gross profit	135,128		121,614
Selling, general and administrative expenses	87,546		82,771
Amortization of intangible assets	7,645		8,198

Income from operations	39,937		30,645

Interest expense — net	(13,681)		(12,916)
Income before income tax	26,256		17,729
Income tax expense	(9,267)		(9,603)
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126

Earnings per common share:
Common stock — basic	$	0.29	$	0.14
Common stock — diluted	$	0.29	$	0.14

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock — basic	57,878,401		57,603,866
Common stock — diluted	58,310,405		57,709,909

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(20,319)		6,880
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges and investments, net of tax	2,411		(8,899)
Total other comprehensive loss	(17,908)		(2,019)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(919)	$	6,107

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock, at Cost		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount

	(In thousands, except share data)
Balance at January 1, 2024	57,817,593	$	58	$	645,894	$	—	$	(59,101)	$	625,825	$	1,212,676

Stock-based compensation expense				7,411								7,411
Issuance of common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan	151,051	—		11,589								11,589
Shares received in net share settlement of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock	(15,578)	—		(1,488)								(1,488)


Other comprehensive loss								(17,908)				(17,908)
Net income										16,989		16,989
Balance at March 31, 2024	57,953,066	$	58	$	663,406	$	—	$	(77,009)	$	642,814	$	1,229,269


	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock, at Cost		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount

	(In thousands, except share data)
Balance at January 1, 2023	57,531,130	$	58	$	599,422	$	—	$	(70,629)	$	551,602	$	1,080,453

Stock-based compensation expense				5,850								5,850
Issuance of common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan	169,798	—		12,558								12,558
Shares received in net share settlement of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock	(21,252)	—		(1,525)								(1,525)


Other comprehensive loss								(2,019)				(2,019)
Net income										8,126		8,126
Balance at March 31, 2023	57,679,676	$	58	$	616,305	$	—	$	(72,648)	$	559,728	$	1,103,443

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	27,633		27,310
Stock-based compensation expense	7,411		5,850

Deferred income taxes	(1,707)		(597)
Non-cash interest and other — net	5,447		2,478
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	61,648		(13,271)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,765		(8,136)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(19,921)		(20,266)
Income taxes	7,082		5,444
Deferred revenue	8,109		40,249
Leases	(1,659)		1,521
Other assets	(2,544)		2,836
Other current and long-term liabilities	2,048		15,769
Net cash provided by operating activities	116,301		67,313

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of fixed assets - net	(19,371)		(19,333)

Purchases of debt securities and other investments	(27,076)		(6,225)
Proceeds from the maturity of debt securities and sale of other investments	10,900		7,450
Payments and settlements for acquisitions — net of cash acquired	(2,503)		(121)


Net cash used in investing activities	(38,050)		(18,229)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Borrowings under revolving credit facility	140,000		120,000
Payments under revolving credit facility	(140,000)		(159,500)
Principal payments of long-term debt	(4,000)		(4,000)

Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	5,509		4,287
Taxes paid related to the net share settlement of stock options and restricted stock	(1,488)		(1,525)

Payments of deferred and contingent consideration for acquisitions	(97,653)		(225)
Net cash used in financing activities	(97,632)		(40,963)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(670)		(114)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(20,051)		8,007
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — beginning of period	89,451		51,894
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	$	69,400	$	59,901

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,683	$	44,629
Restricted cash, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,576		12,740
Restricted cash, included in other assets	2,141		2,532
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	$	69,400	$	59,901

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash payments of interest	$	19,624	$	17,848
Cash received from cash flow hedges of interest rate risk	$	6,221	$	7,730
Cash payments of income taxes	$	3,857	$	4,903
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	37,960	$	39,379

NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS:
Fixed asset purchases recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,528	$	2,167

Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities — net	$	23,725	$	16,375
Restricted stock reclassified from other current liabilities to equity upon vesting	$	6,080	$	8,192

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization — Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (“Bright Horizons” or the “Company”) provides center-based early education and child care, back-up child and adult/elder care, tuition assistance and student loan repayment program management, and educational advisory services for employers and families in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia and India. The Company provides services designed to help families, employers and their employees better integrate work and family life, primarily under multi-year contracts with employers who offer early education and child care, back-up and family care, and workforce education services as part of their employee benefits packages in an effort to support employees across life and career stages and improve employee engagement.

As of March 31, 2024, we operated 1,044 early education and child care centers.

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required in accordance with U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of the Company’s management, the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods presented. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect synergies across certain business lines resulting in a change in reportable segments. The Company’s Back-up Care segment now includes the Sittercity operations, which were previously reported in the Educational Advisory and Other Services segment. Segment information for 2023 has been recast to conform to the current year presentation.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded expense of $6.0 million for an immaterial correction of an error related to value-added tax incurred in prior periods, of which $4.3 million is included in cost of services and $1.7 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Refer to Note 11, Segment Information, for additional information.

Stockholders’ Equity — The board of directors of the Company authorized a share repurchase program of up to $400 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock effective December 16, 2021. The share repurchase program has no expiration date. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, under Rule 10b5-1 plans, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no share repurchases under the repurchase program. All repurchased shares have been retired and, at March 31, 2024, $198.3 million remained available under the Board-approved repurchase program.

Government Support — During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company participated in certain government support programs that were enacted in response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the expiration of the child care stabilization grants on September 30, 2023, most of the pandemic-related government support programs for which the Company was eligible ended in 2023.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $21.6 million was recorded as a reduction to cost of services in relation to these benefits, of which $7.4 million reduced the operating subsidies paid by employers for the related child care centers. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, $0.6 million was recorded to revenue related to amounts received for tuition support.

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2. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into segments and geographical regions. Revenue disaggregated by segment and geographical region was as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
North America	$	320,203	$	103,411	$	24,397	$	448,011
International	163,437		11,261		—		174,698
	$	483,640	$	114,672	$	24,397	$	622,709
Three months ended March 31, 2023
North America	$	284,584	$	91,620	$	24,285	$	400,489
International	145,607		7,510		—		153,117
	$	430,191	$	99,130	$	24,285	$	553,606

The classification “North America” is comprised of the Company’s operations in the United States (including Puerto Rico) and the classification “International” includes the Company’s operations in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia and India.

Deferred Revenue

The Company records deferred revenue when payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance under the contract, which is recognized as revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognized $169.3 million and $140.8 million as revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each respective period.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original contract term of one year or less, or for variable consideration allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligation of a series of services. The transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations relates to services that are paid or invoiced in advance. The Company’s remaining performance obligations not subject to the practical expedients were not material.

3. LEASES

The Company has operating leases for certain of its full service and back-up early education and child care centers, corporate offices, call centers, and to a lesser extent, various office equipment, in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Australia. Most of the leases expire within 10 to 15 years and many contain renewal options and/or termination provisions. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no material finance leases.

Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense (1)	$	37,731	$	37,968
Variable lease expense (1)	10,771		11,175
Total lease expense	$	48,502	$	49,143

(1) Excludes short-term lease expense and sublease income, which were immaterial for the periods presented.

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Other Information

The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate were as follows:


	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	10	10
Weighted average discount rate	7.1%	7.1%

Maturity of Lease Liabilities

The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024:


	Operating Leases

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	108,275
2025	151,673
2026	145,496
2027	136,311
2028	125,397
Thereafter	588,310
Total lease payments	1,255,462
Less imputed interest	(366,799)
Present value of lease liabilities	888,663
Less current portion of operating lease liabilities	(99,769)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	788,894

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had entered into additional operating leases with total fixed payment obligations of $14.8 million that have not yet commenced. The leases are expected to commence between the second and third quarter of fiscal 2024 and have initial lease terms of approximately 15 years.

4. ACQUISITIONS

The Company’s growth strategy includes expansion through strategic and synergistic acquisitions. The goodwill resulting from these acquisitions arises largely from synergies expected from combining the operations of the businesses acquired with the Company’s existing operations, including cost efficiencies and leveraging existing client relationships, as well as from benefits derived from gaining the related assembled workforce.

2024 Acquisitions

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired one center in Australia, which was accounted for as a business combination. This business was acquired for aggregate cash consideration of $2.5 million. The Company recorded goodwill of $2.3 million related to the full service center-based child care segment, which will not be deductible for tax purposes. In addition, the Company recorded intangible assets of $0.4 million that will be amortized over four years.

The determination and allocation of purchase price consideration is based on preliminary estimates of fair value; such estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). As of March 31, 2024, the purchase price allocation for this acquisition remains open as the Company gathers additional information regarding the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The operating results for the acquired business is included in the consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition and were not material to the Company’s financial results.

In January 2024, the Company paid deferred consideration of $106.5 million related to the 2022 acquisition of Only About Children, a child care operator in Australia. The acquisition date fair value of the deferred consideration of $97.7 million is presented as cash used in financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows while the accrued interest is presented as cash used in operating activities.

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2023 Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired four centers in the United States and six centers in Australia, in five separate business acquisitions, which were each accounted for as a business combination. The businesses were acquired for aggregate cash consideration of $39.5 million, which is subject to adjustments from the settlement of the final working capital and acquired enrollment. The Company recorded goodwill of $37.2 million related to the full service center-based child care segment in relation to these acquisitions, of which $25.5 million will be deductible for tax purposes. In addition, the Company recorded intangible assets of $4.0 million that will be amortized over four years.

The determination and allocation of purchase price consideration is based on preliminary estimates of fair value; such estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). As of March 31, 2024, the purchase price allocation for these acquisitions remains open as the Company gathers additional information regarding the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The operating results for the acquired businesses are included in the consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition and were not material to the Company’s financial results.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid contingent consideration of $0.2 million related to an acquisition completed in 2021, which had been recorded as a liability at the date of acquisition and is presented as cash used in financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	1,539,264	$	209,465	$	37,676	$	1,786,405
Additions from acquisitions	2,342		—		—		2,342
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	(25)		—		—		(25)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(17,103)		(207)		—		(17,310)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,524,478	$	209,258	$	37,676	$	1,771,412

The Company also has intangible assets, which consisted of the following at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


March 31, 2024	Weighted average amortization period	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount

		(In thousands)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	10 years	$	396,326	$	(375,686)	$	20,640
Trade names	10 years	19,245		(11,990)		7,255
		415,571		(387,676)		27,895
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	N/A	180,535		—		180,535
		$	596,106	$	(387,676)	$	208,430

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December 31, 2023	Weighted average amortization period	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount

		(In thousands)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	11 years	$	397,079	$	(368,963)	$	28,116
Trade names	10 years	19,664		(11,795)		7,869
		416,743		(380,758)		35,985
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	N/A	180,591		—		180,591
		$	597,334	$	(380,758)	$	216,576

The Company estimates that it will record amortization expense related to intangible assets existing as of March 31, 2024 as follows:


	Estimated amortization expense

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	10,305
2025	5,863
2026	4,097
2027	2,937
2028	1,606
Thereafter	3,087
	$	27,895

6. CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

The Company’s senior secured credit facilities consist of a $600 million term loan B facility (“term loan B”) and a $400 million term loan A facility (“term loan A” and, together with term loan B, the “term loan facilities” or “term loans”), as well as a $400 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (“revolving credit facility”).

Long-term debt obligations were as follows:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

	(In thousands)
Term loan B	$	586,500	$	588,000
Term loan A	377,500		380,000
Deferred financing costs and original issue discount	(4,940)		(5,236)
Total debt	959,060		962,764
Less current maturities	(21,000)		(18,500)
Long-term debt	$	938,060	$	944,264

All borrowings under the credit facilities are subject to variable interest. The effective interest rate for the term loans was 7.50% and 7.52% at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the weighted average interest rate was 7.51% and 6.67% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, prior to the effects of any interest rate hedge arrangements. There were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The weighted average interest rate for the revolving credit facility was 7.62% and 6.76% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective interest rate on the revolving credit facility may fluctuate from borrowing to borrowing for various reasons, including changes in the term benchmark or base interest rate, and the selected borrowing cycle as rates can vary between under-30 day and over-30 day borrowings.

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Term Loan B Facility

The seven-year term loan B matures on November 23, 2028 and requires quarterly principal payments equal to 1% per annum of the original aggregate principal amount of the term loan B, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity. Borrowings under the term loan B facility bear interest at a rate per annum of 1.25% over the base rate, or 2.25% over the adjusted term SOFR rate. The base rate is subject to an interest rate floor of 1.50% and the adjusted term SOFR rate is subject to an interest rate floor of 0.50%.

Term Loan A Facility

The five-year term loan A matures on November 23, 2026 and requires quarterly principal payments equal to 2.5% per annum of the original aggregate principal amount of the term loan A in each of the first three years, 5.0% in the fourth year, and 7.5% in the fifth year. The remaining principal balance is due at maturity. Borrowings under the term loan A facility bear interest at a rate per annum ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% over the base rate, or 1.50% to 1.75% over the adjusted term SOFR rate. The base rate is subject to an interest rate floor of 1.00% and the adjusted term SOFR rate is subject to an interest rate floor of 0.00%.

Revolving Credit Facility

The $400 million multi-currency revolving credit facility matures on May 26, 2026. At March 31, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and letters of credit outstanding were $10.2 million, with $389.8 million available for borrowing. At December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and letters of credit outstanding were $19.3 million, with $380.7 million available for borrowing.

In January 2024, the Company utilized the revolving credit facility, combined with available cash on hand, to pay deferred consideration of $106.5 million related to the 2022 acquisition of Only About Children. Borrowings on the revolving credit facility were subsequently repaid during the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Refer to Note 4, Acquisitions, for additional information.

Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at a rate per annum ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% over the base rate, or 1.50% to 1.75% over the adjusted term SOFR rate. The base rate is subject to an interest rate floor of 1.00% and the adjusted term SOFR rate is subject to an interest rate floor of 0.00%.

Debt Covenants

All obligations under the senior secured credit facilities are secured by substantially all the assets of the Company’s material U.S. subsidiaries. The senior secured credit facilities contain a number of covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, may restrict the ability of Bright Horizons Family Solutions LLC, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, and its restricted subsidiaries, to: incur liens; make investments, loans, advances and acquisitions; incur additional indebtedness or guarantees; pay dividends on capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire capital stock or subordinated indebtedness; engage in transactions with affiliates; sell assets, including capital stock of the Company’s subsidiaries; alter the business conducted; enter into agreements restricting the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and consolidate or merge.

In addition, the credit agreement governing the senior secured credit facilities requires Bright Horizons Capital Corp., the Company’s direct subsidiary, to be a passive holding company, subject to certain exceptions. The term loan A and the revolving credit facility require Bright Horizons Family Solutions LLC, the borrower, and its restricted subsidiaries, to comply with a maximum first lien net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.25 to 1.00. A breach of the applicable covenant is subject to certain equity cure rights.

Future principal payments of long-term debt are as follows for the years ending December 31:


	Long-term debt

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	14,500
2025	28,500
2026	351,000
2027	6,000
2028	564,000

Total future principal payments	$	964,000

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Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company is subject to interest rate risk, as all borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities are subject to variable interest rates. The Company’s risk management policy permits using derivative instruments to manage interest rate and other risks. The Company uses interest rate caps to manage a portion of the risk related to changes in cash flows from interest rate movements.

In June 2020, the Company entered into interest rate cap agreements with a total notional value of $800 million, designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges from inception, to provide the Company with interest rate protection in the event the one-month term SOFR rate increases above 0.9%. Interest rate cap agreements for $300 million notional value had an effective date of June 30, 2020 and expired on October 31, 2023, while interest rate cap agreements for another $500 million notional amount had an effective date of October 29, 2021 and expired on October 31, 2023.

In December 2021, the Company entered into additional interest rate cap agreements with a total notional value of $900 million designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges from inception. Interest rate cap agreements for $600 million, which had a forward starting effective date of October 31, 2023 and expire on October 31, 2025, provide the Company with interest rate protection in the event the one-month term SOFR rate increases above 2.4%. Interest rate cap agreements for $300 million, which had a forward starting effective date of October 31, 2023 and expire on October 31, 2026, provide the Company with interest rate protection in the event the one-month term SOFR rate increases above 2.9%.

The fair value of the derivative financial instruments was as follows for the periods presented:

Derivative financial instruments

Consolidated balance sheet classification

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Interest rate caps - asset

Other assets

31,757

28,968

The effect of the derivative financial instruments on other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:


Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments	Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)		Consolidated statement of income classification	Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified into earnings		Total effect on other comprehensive income (loss)

	(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Cash flow hedges	$	9,008	Interest expense — net	$	5,751	$	3,257
Income tax effect	(2,405)		Income tax expense	(1,535)		(870)
Net of income taxes	$	6,603		$	4,216	$	2,387

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Cash flow hedges	$	(5,264)	Interest expense — net	$	6,976	$	(12,240)
Income tax effect	1,405		Income tax expense	(1,863)		3,268
Net of income taxes	$	(3,859)		$	5,113	$	(8,972)

During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that a net gain of $18.0 million, pre-tax, will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and recorded as a reduction to interest expense related to these derivative financial instruments.

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7. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Allocation of net income to common stockholders:
Common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098
Unvested participating shares	—		28
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock	57,878,401		57,603,866
Unvested participating shares	94,158		202,749
Earnings per common share:
Common stock	$	0.29	$	0.14


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098
Plus: earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	—		28
Less: adjusted earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	—		(28)
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock	57,878,401		57,603,866
Effect of dilutive securities	432,004		106,043
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted	58,310,405		57,709,909
Earnings per common share:
Common stock	$	0.29	$	0.14

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated using the treasury method and the two-class method, respectively. Equity awards outstanding to purchase or receive 1.6 million and 2.0 million shares of common stock were excluded from diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, since their effect was anti-dilutive. These equity awards may become dilutive in the future.

8. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective income tax rates were 35.3% and 54.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective income tax rate may fluctuate from quarter to quarter for various reasons, including changes to income before income tax, jurisdictional mix of income before income tax, unbenefited losses, valuation allowances, jurisdictional income tax rate changes, as well as discrete items such as non-deductible transaction costs, the settlement of foreign, federal and state tax issues and the effects of excess (shortfall) tax benefit (expense) associated with the exercise or expiration of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, which is included in tax expense.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the net shortfall tax expense from stock-based compensation expense increased tax expense by $0.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, prior to the inclusion of the shortfall tax expense, other discrete items and unbenefited losses in certain foreign jurisdictions, the effective income tax rate approximated 28% and 30%, respectively.

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The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits were $4.7 million and $4.6 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, inclusive of interest. The unrecognized tax benefits may change over the next 12 months by up to $4.3 million.

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as tax in multiple state jurisdictions. U.S. federal income tax returns are typically subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the statute of limitations for federal tax returns is three years. The Company’s filings for the tax years 2020 through 2022 are subject to audit based upon the federal statute of limitations.

State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of three to four years after filing of the respective return. The state impact of any federal changes remains subject to examination by various states for a period of up to one year after formal notification to the states. The Company's filings for the tax years 2019 through 2022 are subject to audit based upon the statute of limitations.

The Company is also subject to corporate income tax for its subsidiaries located in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia, India, and Puerto Rico. The tax returns for the Company’s subsidiaries located in foreign jurisdictions are subject to examination for periods ranging from one to six years.

9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are classified using a three-level hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The Company uses observable inputs where relevant and whenever possible. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 — Fair value is derived using quoted prices from active markets for identical instruments.

Level 2 — Fair value is derived using quoted prices for similar instruments from active markets or for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or, fair value is based on model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable from active markets.

Level 3 — Fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates their fair value because of their short-term nature.

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consisted mainly of cash and accounts receivable. The Company mitigates its exposure by maintaining its cash in financial institutions of high credit standing. The Company’s accounts receivable are derived primarily from the services it provides, and the related credit risk is dispersed across many clients in various industries with no single client accounting for more than 10% of the Company’s net revenue or accounts receivable. No significant credit concentration risk existed at March 31, 2024.

Long-term Debt — The Company’s long-term debt is recorded at adjusted cost, net of original issue discounts and deferred financing costs. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is based on current bid prices or prices for similar instruments from active markets. As such, the Company’s long-term debt was classified as Level 2. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value approximated the carrying value of long-term debt.

Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company’s interest rate cap agreements are recorded at fair value and estimated using market-standard valuation models. Such models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs. Additionally, the fair value of the interest rate caps included consideration of credit risk. The Company used a potential future exposure model to estimate this credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”). The inputs to the CVA were largely based on observable market data, with the exception of certain assumptions regarding credit worthiness. As the magnitude of the CVA was not a significant component of the fair value of the interest rate caps, it was not considered a significant input. The fair value of the interest rate caps is classified as Level 2. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements was $31.8 million and $29.0 million, respectively, and was recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

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Debt Securities — The Company’s investments in debt securities, which are classified as available-for-sale, consist of U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities, asset-backed securities, certificates of deposit and corporate bonds. These securities are held in escrow by the Company’s wholly-owned captive insurance company and were purchased with restricted cash. As such, these securities are not available to fund the Company’s operations. These securities are recorded at fair value using quoted prices available in active markets and are classified as Level 1. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities was $34.9 million and was classified based on the instruments’ maturity dates, with $13.7 million included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $21.2 million in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities was $23.9 million, with $22.0 million included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $1.9 million in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amortized cost was $34.4 million and $24.0 million, respectively. The debt securities held at March 31, 2024 had remaining maturities ranging from less than one year to approximately ten years. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale debt securities were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Liabilities for Contingent Consideration — The Company is subject to contingent consideration arrangements in connection with certain business combinations. Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration payable for the related business combination and subsequent changes in fair value recorded to selling, general and administrative expenses on the Company’s consolidated statement of income. The fair value of contingent consideration was generally calculated using customary valuation models based on probability-weighted outcomes of meeting certain future performance targets and forecasted results. The key inputs to the valuations are the projections of future financial results in relation to the businesses and the company-specific discount rates. The Company classified the contingent consideration liabilities as a Level 3 fair value measurement due to the lack of observable inputs used in the model.

The following table provides a roll forward of the recurring Level 3 fair value measurements:


	Three months ended March 31, 2024

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	11,516



Changes in fair value	2,820

Balance at March 31, 2024	$	14,336

The contingent consideration liability outstanding as of March 31, 2024 relates to an acquisition completed in 2021, which was due in 2026, but settled early and paid in April 2024 totaling $14.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, contingent consideration liabilities of $0.2 million were paid related to an acquisition completed in 2021.

10. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is included as a component of stockholders’ equity, is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and investments, net of tax.

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(76,130)	$	17,100	$	(71)	$	(59,101)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	(20,319)		6,603		19		(13,697)
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	—		4,216		(5)		4,211
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(20,319)		2,387		24		(17,908)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	(96,449)	$	19,487	$	(47)	$	(77,009)

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	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(105,138)	$	34,738	$	(229)	$	(70,629)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	6,880		(3,859)		59		3,080
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	—		5,113		(14)		5,099
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	6,880		(8,972)		73		(2,019)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(98,258)	$	25,766	$	(156)	$	(72,648)

(1)Taxes are not provided for the currency translation adjustments related to the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested.

11. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company’s reportable segments are comprised of (1) full service center-based child care, (2) back-up care, and (3) educational advisory services. The full service center-based child care segment includes the traditional center-based early education and child care, preschool, and elementary education. The Company’s back-up care segment consists of center-based back-up child care, in-home care for children and adult/elder dependents, school-age camps, tutoring, pet care, self-sourced reimbursed care, and Sittercity, an online marketplace for families and caregivers. The Company’s educational advisory services segment consists of tuition assistance and student loan repayment program management, workforce education, related educational advising, and college advisory services. The Company and its chief operating decision maker evaluate performance based on revenue and income from operations. Intercompany activity is eliminated in the segment results. The assets and liabilities of the Company are managed centrally and are reported internally in the same manner as the consolidated financial statements; therefore, no segment asset information is produced or included herein.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect synergies across certain business lines resulting in a change in reportable segments. As a result, the back-up care reportable segment now includes the Sittercity operations. Segment information for 2023 has been recast to conform to the current year presentation.

Revenue and income from operations by reportable segment were as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Revenue	$	483,640	$	114,672	$	24,397	$	622,709
Income from operations	21,444		15,983		2,510		39,937

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Revenue	$	430,191	$	99,130	$	24,285	$	553,606
Income from operations (1)	8,433		17,773		4,439		30,645

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2023, income from operations included value-added-tax expense of $6.0 million related to prior periods, of which $4.3 million was associated with the back-up care segment and $1.7 million was associated with the full service center-based child care segment. Refer to Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation, for additional information.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”). The following cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the provisions of the Act and with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Act. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “projects,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates” or “anticipates,” or, in each case, their negatives or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations; financial condition and liquidity; prospects; impacts of global health pandemics; labor, workplace and demographic trends; wage rate increases, labor costs and labor markets; future center closures; our United Kingdom and international operations; back-up care services and use types; enrollment recovery and occupancy improvement in the United States and internationally; our center cohort occupancy levels; cost management and capital spending; investments in employees and wages; contributions and growth in our back-up care segment; the availability and impact of pandemic-related government relief and support programs; tuition rate increases and pricing strategies; leases, terms and expirations; ability to respond to changing market conditions; our growth and strategic priorities; ability to regain and sustain our business; demand for services; our value proposition, client relations and partnerships; macroeconomic trends, including inflation; investments in operations and strategic opportunities; investments in technology, marketing and user experience; shared services costs; our opportunities for expansion, acquisitions, contributions and expected synergies; contingent consideration; amortization expense; our fair value estimates; goodwill from business combinations; impairments; fixed assets; estimates and impact of equity transactions; unrecognized tax benefits and the impact of uncertain tax positions; our effective tax rate; the outcome of tax audits, settlements and tax liabilities; impact of tax benefits/expense; fluctuations, impact and estimates of foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates; our capital allocation; share repurchase program; the outcome of litigation, legal proceedings and our insurance coverage; debt securities; our interest rates, expense and impact of our interest rate cap agreements; credit risk; the use of derivatives or other market risk sensitive instruments; critical accounting policies and estimates; impact of new accounting pronouncements; our indebtedness; borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, the need for additional debt or equity financing, and our ability to obtain such financing; our sources and uses of cash flow; our ability to fund operations and make capital expenditures and payments with cash and cash equivalents and borrowings; and our ability to meet financial obligations and comply with covenants of our senior secured credit facilities.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We believe that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as well as other factors disclosed from time to time in our other public filings with the SEC.

Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments, except as required by law.

Overview

The following is a discussion of the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows of Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (“we” or the “Company”) for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. This discussion should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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We are a leading provider of high-quality education and care, including early education and child care, back-up and family care solutions, and workforce education services that are designed to help families, employers and their employees solve the challenges of the modern workforce and thrive personally and professionally. We provide services primarily under multi-year contracts with employers who offer early education and child care, back-up care, and educational advisory services as part of their employee benefits packages in an effort to support employees across life and career stages and to improve recruitment, employee engagement, productivity, retention and career advancement.

As of March 31, 2024, we operated 1,044 early education and child care centers with the capacity to serve approximately 120,000 children in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia and India.

Our reportable segments are comprised of (1) full service center-based child care, (2) back-up care, and (3) educational advisory services. Full service center-based child care includes traditional center-based early education and child care, preschool, and elementary education. Back-up care consists of center-based back-up child care, in-home care for children and adult/elder dependents, school-age camps, tutoring, pet care, self-sourced reimbursed care, and Sittercity, an online marketplace for families and caregivers. Educational advisory services include tuition assistance and student loan repayment program management, workforce education and related educational advising, and college advisory services. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect synergies across certain business lines resulting in a change in reportable segments. As a result, the back-up care reportable segment now includes the Sittercity operations, which were previously reported in the educational advisory and other services segment.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we saw strong year-over-year revenue growth, with a 12% increase in revenue for our full service center-based child care segment and net enrollment growth of 6% as centers continue to re-ramp post-pandemic. To track our continued progress on the recovery from the pandemic, we monitor same-center occupancy for a cohort of centers that has been operating since the 2021 fall enrollment cycle. Same-center occupancy represents utilization for each respective center and is calculated as the average full-time enrollment divided by the total operating capacity during the period. This cohort of centers totaled 800 centers as of March 31, 2024. For the quarter ended March 31, 2024, 44% of these centers were more than 70% enrolled, 42% were between 40-70% enrolled and 14% were less than 40% enrolled, which reflects improved occupancy when compared to the same period in the prior year. We also saw solid growth in back-up care with a 16% year-over-year increase in revenue as a result of increased utilization.

While we continue to see year-over-year growth and progress, we are still navigating through a dynamic operating environment that is impacted by a tight labor market, varying enrollment demands, shifting work demographics, increased costs and challenging macroeconomic conditions. We continue to monitor and respond to the changing conditions, and the changing needs of clients, families and children, including the routine closure of underperforming centers in order to optimize our portfolio of centers to accommodate changes in demand and demographic workforce shifts in the markets we serve. As a result of the impact of the pandemic, there has been an elevated number of center closures in recent years in addition to the impairment of certain assets. We expect this trend to continue in 2024 as we execute on the closure of certain underperforming centers identified during our portfolio review process, including a number of centers in the United Kingdom. Where possible, we shift enrollment and teachers to other centers at nearby locations.

We remain focused on our strategic priorities to deliver high quality education and care services, connect across our service lines, extend our impact on new customers and clients, and preserve our strong culture. And, as we continue to navigate this post-pandemic recovery period, we remain committed to serving the needs of families, clients and our employees. We are confident in our value proposition, business model, the strength of our client partnerships, the strength of our balance sheet and liquidity position, and our ability to continue to respond to changing market conditions.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth statement of income data as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		%		2023		%

	(In thousands, except percentages)
Revenue	$	622,709	100.0	%	$	553,606	100.0	%
Cost of services	487,581		78.3	%	431,992		78.0	%
Gross profit	135,128		21.7	%	121,614		22.0	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	87,546		14.1	%	82,771		15.0	%
Amortization of intangible assets	7,645		1.2	%	8,198		1.5	%
Income from operations	39,937		6.4	%	30,645		5.5	%

Interest expense — net	(13,681)		(2.2)	%	(12,916)		(2.3)	%
Income before income tax	26,256		4.2	%	17,729		3.2	%
Income tax expense	(9,267)		(1.5)	%	(9,603)		(1.7)	%
Net income	$	16,989	2.7	%	$	8,126	1.5	%

Adjusted EBITDA (1)	$	74,981	12.0	%	$	69,845	12.6	%
Adjusted income from operations (1)	$	39,937	6.4	%	$	36,685	6.6	%
Adjusted net income (1)	$	29,621	4.8	%	$	28,275	5.1	%

(1)Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income are financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), which are commonly referred to as "non-GAAP financial measures." Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation” below for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their respective measures determined under GAAP and for information regarding our use of non-GAAP financial measures.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased by $69.1 million, or 12%, to $622.7 million from $553.6 million for the same period in 2023. The following table summarizes the revenue and percentage of total revenue for each of our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023				Change 2024 vs 2023

	(In thousands, except percentages)
Full service center-based child care	$	483,640	77.7	%	$	430,191	77.7	%	$	53,449	12.4	%
Tuition	440,550		91.1	%	391,096		90.9	%	49,454		12.6	%
Management fees and operating subsidies	43,090		8.9	%	39,095		9.1	%	3,995		10.2	%
Back-up care	114,672		18.4	%	99,130		17.9	%	15,542		15.7	%
Educational advisory services	24,397		3.9	%	24,285		4.4	%	112		0.5	%
Total revenue	$	622,709	100.0	%	$	553,606	100.0	%	$	69,103	12.5	%

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Revenue generated by the full service center-based child care segment in the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased by $53.4 million, or 12%, when compared to the same period in 2023. Tuition revenue increased by $49.5 million, or 13%, when compared to the prior year, due to a 6% net increase in enrollment and average tuition rate increases at our child care centers of approximately 5%. While we continue to see sequential enrollment growth at our centers, the ongoing labor market challenges and current economic conditions have constrained enrollment and slowed the recovery in both the United States. and international markets, and we continue to operate below pre-pandemic enrollment levels at certain locations. We expect continued occupancy improvement in relation to the same prior year periods through the remainder of 2024, with more modest improvement in the United Kingdom. as that geography remains more impacted. Net fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for our United Kingdom, Netherlands and Australia operations also contributed to our revenue growth, increasing 2024 tuition revenue by approximately 1%, or $2.9 million. While we expect to be impacted by fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates throughout the year, we do not expect fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates to have a significant impact to the full year results for 2024.

Management fees and operating subsidies from employer sponsors increased by $4.0 million, or 10%, primarily due to higher operating subsidies required to support center operations as enrollment continues to increase, and due to a decrease in funding received from pandemic-related government support programs as most of the programs for which we were eligible for expired in September 2023. Funding received from pandemic-related government support programs reduce certain center operating costs, which impact the related operating subsidies. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, such funding reduced the operating subsidy revenue due from employers by $7.4 million.

Revenue generated by back-up care services in the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased by $15.5 million, or 16%, when compared to the same period in 2023. Revenue growth in the back-up care segment was primarily attributable to increased utilization of center-based, in-home and school age camp back-up care by new and existing clients.

Revenue generated by educational advisory services in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was consistent with the same period in the prior year.

Cost of Services. Cost of services increased by $55.6 million, or 13%, to $487.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $432.0 million for the same period in 2023.

Cost of services in the full service center-based child care segment increased by $45.4 million, or 13%, to $404.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in cost of services was primarily associated with increased labor costs related to expanded enrollment and wage rate increases. Personnel costs, which generally represent 70% of the costs for this segment, increased 9% during the quarter compared to the same period in the prior year. In addition to the personnel costs for the incremental 6% net enrollment noted above and premiums associated with the deployment of temporary staff to meet enrollment demand, we continue to invest in higher wages for our center staff, resulting in an increase of approximately 4% to the average hourly wage in 2024 compared to 2023. Additionally, most of the pandemic-related government support programs for which we were eligible ended September 2023. Funding received from pandemic-related government support programs reduced center operating expenses by a total of $21.6 million in the first quarter of 2023. As noted above, a portion of the funding received from pandemic-related government support programs reduced the operating costs in certain employer-sponsored centers, which in turn reduced the operating subsidy revenue due from employers for the related child care centers by $7.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cost of services in the back-up care segment increased by $9.1 million, or 15%, to $68.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, when compared to the prior year. The increase in cost of services is in line with the increase in revenue and is primarily associated with higher care provider fees generated by the increase in utilization levels of center-based and in-home back-up care over the prior year, and continued investment in personnel and technology to support our customer user experience and service offerings. Cost of services for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included $4.3 million in value-added tax related to prior periods.

Cost of services in the educational advisory services segment increased by $1.2 million, or 9%, to $14.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the prior year, due to technology platform investments to support customer access and user experience.

Gross Profit. Gross profit increased by $13.5 million, or 11%, to $135.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $121.6 million for the same period in 2023. Incremental gross profit contributions from the full service center-based child care segment, resulting from enrollment growth and tuition price increases, and from the back-up care segment, resulting from higher utilization of back-up care services, were partially offset by reduced funding from pandemic-related government support programs. Gross profit margin was 22% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is broadly consistent with the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SGA”). SGA increased by $4.8 million, or 6%, to $87.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $82.8 million for the same period in 2023, due to incremental spending to support the business as it continues to re-ramp post-pandemic, higher labor costs and a $2.3 million charge within the back-up care segment resulting from the early settlement of contingent consideration for a 2021 acquisition. SGA for the three months ended March 31, 2023, included value-added tax expense of $1.7 million related to prior periods. SGA was 14% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of 1% from the same period in 2023.

Amortization of Intangible Assets. Amortization expense on intangible assets was $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease from $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to decreases from intangible assets becoming fully amortized during the period and impact of accelerated method of amortization for certain intangible assets, partially offset by increases from intangible assets acquired in relation to the acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2024.

Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $9.3 million, or 30%, to $39.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the prior year. The following table summarizes income from operations and percentage of revenue for each of our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024				2023				Change 2024 vs 2023

	(In thousands, except percentages)
Full service center-based child care	$	21,444	4.4	%	$	8,433	2.0	%	$	13,011	154.3	%
Back-up care	15,983		13.9	%	17,773		17.9	%	(1,790)		(10.1)	%
Educational advisory services	2,510		10.3	%	4,439		18.3	%	(1,929)		(43.5)	%
Income from operations	$	39,937	6.4	%	$	30,645	5.5	%	$	9,292	30.3	%

The change in income from operations was primarily due to the following:

•Income from operations for the full service center-based child care segment increased $13.0 million, or 154%, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increases in tuition revenue from enrollment growth and annual tuition rate increases, partially offset by increased labor costs and a decrease of approximately $15 million in net contributions from pandemic-related government support programs as most of the programs for which we were eligible ended by September 30, 2023. Income from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included $1.7 million in value-added tax expense related to prior periods.

•Income from operations for the back-up care segment decreased $1.8 million, or 10%, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023. Incremental contributions from expanded utilization of back-up care services were offset by higher overhead costs, including a $2.3 million charge related to the early settlement of contingent consideration for a 2021 acquisition and allocation of shared services costs which have historically remained relatively stable throughout the year. Income from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included $4.3 million in value-added tax related to prior periods.

•Income from operations for the educational advisory services segment decreased $1.9 million, or 43%, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023 due to product design, technology and marketing investments to support revenue growth.

Net Interest Expense. Net interest expense increased to $13.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $12.9 million for the same period in 2023 primarily due to increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and higher interest rates applicable to our debt. The weighted average interest rate for the term loans and revolving credit facility was 5.05% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 3.97% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, inclusive of the effects of the cash flow hedges. Based on our current interest rate projections, we estimate that our overall weighted average interest rate will be between 5.00% and 5.25% for the remainder of 2024 inclusive of the effects of the cash flow hedges.

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Income Tax Expense. We recorded income tax expense of $9.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, at an effective income tax rate of 35%, compared to an income tax expense of $9.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, at an effective income tax rate of 54%. The difference between the effective income tax rate as compared to the statutory income tax rate was primarily due to the impact of unbenefited losses in certain foreign jurisdictions and the effects of net shortfall tax expense associated with the exercise or expiration of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, which had a more significant impact to effective tax rate for the 2023 period due to a higher tax expense and a lower income before income taxes in 2023. The effective income tax rate may fluctuate from quarter to quarter for various reasons, including changes to income before income tax, jurisdictional mix of income before income tax, unbenefited losses, valuation allowances, jurisdictional income tax rate changes, as well as discrete items such as non-deductible transaction costs, the settlement of foreign, federal and state tax matters and the effects of excess (shortfall) tax benefit (expense) associated with the exercise or expiration of stock options and vesting of restricted stock.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Income from Operations. Adjusted EBITDA increased $5.1 million, or 7%, and adjusted income from operations increased $3.3 million, or 9% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 over the comparable period in 2023 due to the incremental gross profit contributions from the full service center-based child care segment resulting from enrollment growth and tuition price increases.

Adjusted Net Income. Adjusted net income increased $1.3 million, or 5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 when compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to the increase in adjusted income from operations, partially offset by higher interest expense.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation

In our quarterly and annual reports, earnings press releases and conference calls, we discuss key financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP to supplement our consolidated financial statements presented on a GAAP basis. These non-GAAP financial measures of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share are reconciled from their respective measures determined under GAAP as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Interest expense — net	13,681		12,916
Income tax expense	9,267		9,603
Depreciation	19,988		19,112
Amortization of intangible assets (a)	7,645		8,198
EBITDA	67,570		57,955
Additional adjustments:

Stock-based compensation expense (b)	7,411		5,850
Other costs (c)	—		6,040


Total adjustments	7,411		11,890
Adjusted EBITDA	$	74,981	$	69,845

Income from operations	$	39,937	$	30,645

Other costs (c)	—		6,040
Adjusted income from operations	$	39,937	$	36,685

Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Income tax expense	9,267		9,603
Income before income tax	26,256		17,729
Amortization of intangible assets (a)	7,645		8,198

Stock-based compensation expense (b)	7,411		5,850
Other costs (c)	—		6,040

Interest on deferred consideration (d)	—		1,454
Adjusted income before income tax	41,312		39,271
Adjusted income tax expense (e)	(11,691)		(10,996)
Adjusted net income	$	29,621	$	28,275

Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted	58,310,405		57,709,909
Diluted adjusted earnings per common share	$	0.51	$	0.49

(a)Amortization of intangible assets represents amortization expense, including quarterly amortization expense of approximately $5.0 million associated with intangible assets recorded in connection with our going private transaction in May 2008.

(b)Stock-based compensation expense represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

(c)Other costs in the three months ended March 31, 2023 consist of value-added tax expense of $6.0 million related to prior periods, of which $4.3 million was associated with the back-up care segment and $1.7 million was associated with the full service center-based child care segment.

(d)Interest on deferred consideration represents the imputed interest on the deferred consideration issued in connection with the July 1, 2022 acquisition of Only About Children, a child care operator in Australia. The deferred consideration was paid in January 2024.

(e)Adjusted income tax expense represents income tax expense calculated on adjusted income before income tax at an effective tax rate of approximately 28% for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The jurisdictional mix of the expected adjusted income before income tax for the full year will affect the estimated effective tax rate for the year.

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Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share are financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP (collectively referred to as “non-GAAP financial measures”), and the use of the terms adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share may differ from similar measures reported by other companies and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures. We believe the non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with useful information with respect to our historical operations. We present the non-GAAP financial measures as supplemental performance measures because we believe they facilitate a comparative assessment of our operating performance relative to our performance based on our results under GAAP, while isolating the effects of some items that vary from period to period. Specifically, adjusted EBITDA allows for an assessment of our operating performance and of our ability to service or incur indebtedness without the effect of non-cash charges, such as depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense and non-recurring costs, such as value-added-tax expense related to prior periods and at times, other non-recurring costs, such as impairment costs and transaction costs. In addition, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share allow us to assess our performance without the impact of the specifically identified items that we believe do not directly reflect our core operations. These non-GAAP financial measures also function as key performance indicators used to evaluate our operating performance internally, and they are used in connection with the determination of incentive compensation for management, including executive officers. Adjusted EBITDA is also used in connection with the determination of certain ratio requirements under our credit agreement.

Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to income before taxes, net income, diluted earnings per common share, net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing or financing activities or any other financial statement data presented as indicators of financial performance or liquidity, each as presented in accordance with GAAP. Consequently, our non-GAAP financial measures should be considered together with our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with GAAP and included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We understand that although adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per common share are frequently used by securities analysts, lenders and others in their evaluation of companies, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

•adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income do not fully reflect our cash expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

•adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on debt; and

•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.

Because of these limitations, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income should not be considered as discretionary cash available to us to reinvest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary cash requirements are for the ongoing operations of our existing early education and child care centers, back-up care, educational advisory services, the addition of new centers through development or acquisitions, and debt financing obligations. Our primary sources of liquidity are our existing cash, cash flows from operations, and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility. We had $63.7 million in cash ($69.4 million including restricted cash) at March 31, 2024, of which $33.3 million was held in foreign jurisdictions, compared to $71.6 million in cash ($89.5 million including restricted cash) at December 31, 2023, of which $32.1 million was held in foreign jurisdictions. Operations outside of North America accounted for 28% of our consolidated revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The net impact on our liquidity from changes in foreign currency exchange rates was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. While we expect to be impacted by fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates throughout the year, we do not currently expect that the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates will have a material net impact on our liquidity, capital resources or results from operations for the remainder of 2024.

Our $400 million revolving credit facility is part of our senior secured credit facilities. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $389.8 million and $380.7 million of the revolving credit facility, respectively, was available for borrowing.

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We had a working capital deficit of $338.2 million and $352.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our working capital deficit has primarily arisen from using cash to make long-term investments in fixed assets and acquisitions, deferred consideration issued in relation to an acquisition and from share repurchases. We anticipate that our cash flows from operating activities will continue to improve as our center enrollment re-ramps and performance continues to recover. As we focus on the enrollment and ramping of centers, we expect to continue to prioritize our capital allocation on investments that support current operations and strategic opportunities, as well as the principal and interest payments on our debt and revolver.

In January 2024, the Company paid the deferred consideration of $106.5 million related to the 2022 acquisition of Only About Children, a child care operator in Australia.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we participated in certain government support programs that were enacted in response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the expiration of the child care stabilization grants on September 30, 2023, most of the pandemic-related government support programs for which we were eligible ended in 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $21.6 million was recorded as a reduction to cost of services in relation to these benefits, of which $7.4 million reduced the operating subsidies paid by employers for the related child care centers. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, $0.6 million was recorded to revenue related to amounts received for tuition support.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $888.7 million in lease liabilities, $99.8 million of which is short term in nature. Refer to Note 3, Leases, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on leases, including the maturity of the contractual obligations related to our lease liabilities.

The board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $400 million of our outstanding common stock, effective December 16, 2021. The share repurchase program has no expiration date and, at March 31, 2024, $198.3 million remained available for future repurchases. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not make any share repurchases under the Board-approved repurchase program. All repurchased shares have been retired.

We believe that funds provided by operations, our existing cash balances, and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to fund all obligations and liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, if we were to experience renewed disruption from the pandemic or other similar global health crisis or if we were to undertake any significant acquisitions or make investments in the purchase of facilities for new or existing centers, we could require financing beyond our existing cash and borrowing capacity, and it could be necessary for us to obtain additional debt or equity financing. We may not be able to obtain such financing on reasonable terms, if at all.


Cash Flows	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	116,301	$	67,313
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(38,050)	$	(18,229)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(97,632)	$	(40,963)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — beginning of period	$	89,451	$	51,894
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	$	69,400	$	59,901

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $116.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $67.3 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in cash provided by operations primarily relates to higher cash provided by working capital arising from the timing of billings and payments when compared to the prior year, as well as an increase in net income of $8.9 million.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $38.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $18.2 million for the same period in 2023, an increase of $19.9 million. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily related to an increase in net purchases of debt securities by our captive insurance entity, using restricted cash, and other investments, which were $16.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to net proceeds of $1.2 million during the same period in the prior year, a net change of $17.4 million. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we invested $2.5 million to acquire one center in Australia, while we did not have any acquisitions in the same period in 2023.

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Cash Used in Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $97.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $41.0 million for the same period in 2023. The increase in cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was related to the January 2024 payment of $97.7 million of deferred consideration related to the 2022 acquisition of Only About Children. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we made net payments related to our revolving credit facility of $39.5 million, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 wherein the net activity under our revolving credit facility amounted to zero.

Additionally, proceeds received from employee equity awards in the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased by $1.2 million compared to the same period during the prior year due to a higher volume of transactions. Proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $5.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and were $4.3 million during the same period in 2023.

Debt

Our senior secured credit facilities consist of a $600 million term loan B facility (“term loan B”), a $400 million term loan A facility (“term loan A”) and a $400 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (“revolving credit facility”).

Long term debt obligations were as follows:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

	(In thousands)
Term loan B	$	586,500	$	588,000
Term loan A	377,500		380,000
Deferred financing costs and original issue discount	(4,940)		(5,236)
Total debt	959,060		962,764
Less current maturities	(21,000)		(18,500)
Long-term debt	$	938,060	$	944,264

The seven year term loan B matures on November 23, 2028 and requires quarterly principal payments equal to 1% per annum of the original aggregate principal amount of the term loan B, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity. The five year term loan A matures on November 23, 2026 and requires quarterly principal payments equal to 2.5% per annum of the original aggregate principal amount of the term loan A in each of the first three years, 5.0% in the fourth year, and 7.5% in the fifth year. The remaining principal balance is due at maturity.

The revolving credit facility matures on May 26, 2026. At March 31, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and letters of credit outstanding under the revolver were $10.2 million, with $389.8 million available for borrowing. At December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and letters of credit outstanding were $19.3 million, with $380.7 million available for borrowing.

Borrowings under the credit facilities are subject to variable interest. We mitigate our interest rate exposure with interest rate cap agreements. In June 2020, we entered into interest rate cap agreements with a total notional value of $800 million. These interest rate cap agreements, designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges, provide us with interest rate protection in the event the one-month term SOFR rate increases above 0.9%. Interest rate cap agreements for $300 million notional value had an effective date of June 30, 2020 and expired on October 31, 2023, while interest rate cap agreements for another $500 million notional amount had an effective date of October 29, 2021 and expired on October 31, 2023. In December 2021, we entered into interest rate cap agreements with a total notional value of $900 million designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges. Interest rate cap agreements for $600 million, which had a forward starting effective date of October 31, 2023 and expire on October 31, 2025, provide the Company with interest rate protection in the event the one-month term SOFR rate increases above 2.4%. Interest rate cap agreements for $300 million, which had a forward starting effective date of October 31, 2023 and expire on October 31, 2026, provide the Company with interest rate protection in the event the one-month term SOFR rate increases above 2.9%.

The blended weighted average interest rate for the term loans and revolving credit facility was 5.05% and 3.97% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, including the impact of the cash flow hedges. Based on our current interest rate projections, we estimate that our overall weighted average interest rate will be between 5.00% and 5.25% for the remainder of 2024 inclusive of the effects of the cash flow hedges.

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The term loan A and the revolving credit facility require Bright Horizons Family Solutions LLC, the borrower, and its restricted subsidiaries, to comply with a maximum first lien net leverage ratio. A breach of this covenant is subject to certain equity cure rights. The credit agreement governing the senior secured credit facilities contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default. We were in compliance with our financial covenant at March 31, 2024. Refer to Note 6, Credit Arrangements and Debt Obligations, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our debt and credit arrangements, future principal payments of long-term debt, and covenant requirements.

Critical Accounting Policies

For a discussion of our “Critical Accounting Policies,” refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We do not believe there have been material changes in our exposure to interest rate or foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations since December 31, 2023. See Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further information regarding market risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of March 31, 2024, we conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), regarding the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The term “disclosure controls and procedures” means controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the requisite time periods and that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are, from time to time, subject to claims, suits, and matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Such claims have in the past generally been covered by insurance, but there can be no assurance that our insurance will be adequate to cover all liabilities that may arise out of claims or matters brought against us. We believe the resolution of such legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of any such actions.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. We believe that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially impair our business, financial condition or results of operations. There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The table below sets forth information regarding purchases of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024:


Period	Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1) (a)	Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) (b)		Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2) (c)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares/Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (In thousands) (3) (d)

January 1, 2024 to January 31, 2024	—	$	—	—	$	198,290
February 1, 2024 to February 29, 2024	6,203	$	106.85	—	$	198,290
March 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	753	$	113.51	—	$	198,290
	6,956			—

(1)The Company purchased an aggregate of 6,956 shares during the three months ended March 31, 2024, which shares were withheld for tax payments due upon the vesting of both employee restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards. The shares were valued using the transaction date and closing stock price for purposes of such tax withholdings. Shares retired in connection with the payment of tax withholding obligations are not included in, and are not counted against, our share repurchase authorization.

(2)The board of directors of the Company authorized a share repurchase program of up to $400 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock effective December 16, 2021. The Company did not repurchase any shares under the board-authorized program during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The share repurchase program has no expiration date. All previously repurchased shares have been retired.

(3)The number shown represents, as of the end of each period, the approximate dollar value of the Company’s outstanding common stock that may yet be purchased under the Company’s publicly announced share repurchase program as described in footnote (2) above. Such shares may be purchased, from time to time, depending on business and market conditions.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Table of Contents

Item 5. Other Information

On March 11, 2024, Mary Lou Burke Afonso, Chief Operating Officer, North America Center Operations, adopted a stock trading plan for the sale of up to 22,300 shares of the Company's common stock until December 2, 2024. This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company's policies regarding transactions in our securities.

Other than as disclosed above, none of our directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibits:


Exhibit Number						Exhibit Title
31.1*						Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**						Principal Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**						Principal Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*						Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101).


*			Exhibits filed herewith.
**			Exhibits furnished herewith.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
Date:	May 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Elizabeth Boland
			Elizabeth Boland
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Duly Authorized Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

I, Stephen H. Kramer, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:	May 6, 2024	/s/ Stephen H. Kramer
		Stephen H. Kramer
		Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.

I, Elizabeth Boland, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc.;

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date:	May 6, 2024	/s/ Elizabeth Boland
		Elizabeth Boland
		Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Stephen H. Kramer, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that based on my knowledge:

1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date:	May 6, 2024	/s/ Stephen H. Kramer
		Stephen H. Kramer
		Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. and will be retained by Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-Q or as a separate disclosure document.

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Elizabeth Boland, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that based on my knowledge:

1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date:	May 6, 2024	/s/ Elizabeth Boland
		Elizabeth Boland
		Chief Financial Officer

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 25, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-35780
Entity Registrant Name	BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	80-0188269
Entity Address, Address Line One	2 Wells Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Newton
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	02459
City Area Code	(617)
Local Phone Number	673-8000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	BFAM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		58,004,156
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Central Index Key	0001437578
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 63,683	$ 71,568
Accounts receivable — net of allowance for credit losses of $2,738 and $2,317 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	219,761	281,710
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	64,774	93,621
Total current assets	348,218	446,899
Fixed assets — net	574,446	579,296
Goodwill	1,771,412	1,786,405
Other intangible assets — net	208,430	216,576
Operating lease right-of-use assets	767,470	774,703
Other assets	121,427	92,265
Total assets	3,791,403	3,896,144
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	21,000	18,500
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	237,966	259,077
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	99,769	100,387
Deferred revenue	278,592	272,891
Other current liabilities	49,097	148,578
Total current liabilities	686,424	799,433
Long-term debt — net	938,060	944,264
Operating lease liabilities	788,894	796,701
Other long-term liabilities	105,784	101,259
Deferred revenue	10,554	8,656
Deferred income taxes	32,418	33,155
Total liabilities	2,562,134	2,683,468
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 475,000,000 shares authorized; 57,953,066 and 57,817,593 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	58	58
Additional paid-in capital	663,406	645,894
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(77,009)	(59,101)
Retained earnings	642,814	625,825
Total stockholders’ equity	1,229,269	1,212,676
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 3,791,403	$ 3,896,144

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit loss, current	$ 2,738	$ 2,317
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	475,000,000	475,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	57,953,066	57,817,593
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	57,953,066	57,817,593

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 622,709	$ 553,606
Cost of services	487,581	431,992
Gross profit	135,128	121,614
Selling, general and administrative expenses	87,546	82,771
Amortization of intangible assets	7,645	8,198
Income from operations	39,937	30,645
Interest expense — net	(13,681)	(12,916)
Income before income tax	26,256	17,729
Income tax expense	(9,267)	(9,603)
Net income	$ 16,989	$ 8,126
Earnings per common share:
Common stock — basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.14
Common stock — diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.14
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock — basic (in shares)	57,878,401	57,603,866
Common stock — diluted (in shares)	58,310,405	57,709,909
Cost, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	Service [Member]	Service [Member]

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 16,989	$ 8,126
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(20,319)	6,880
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges and investments, net of tax	2,411	(8,899)
Total other comprehensive loss	(17,908)	(2,019)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ (919)	$ 6,107

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Treasury Stock, at Cost	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Retained Earnings
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		57,531,130
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,080,453	$ 58	$ 599,422	$ 0	$ (70,629)	$ 551,602
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	5,850		5,850
Issuance of common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan (in shares)		169,798
Issuance of common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan	12,558		12,558
Shares received in net share settlement of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)		(21,252)
Shares received in net share settlement of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock	(1,525)		(1,525)
Other comprehensive loss	(2,019)				(2,019)
Net income	8,126					8,126
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		57,679,676
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 1,103,443	$ 58	616,305	0	(72,648)	559,728
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	57,817,593	57,817,593
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1,212,676	$ 58	645,894	0	(59,101)	625,825
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	7,411		7,411
Issuance of common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan (in shares)		151,051
Issuance of common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan	11,589		11,589
Shares received in net share settlement of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)		(15,578)
Shares received in net share settlement of stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock	(1,488)		(1,488)
Other comprehensive loss	(17,908)				(17,908)
Net income	$ 16,989					16,989
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	57,953,066	57,953,066
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 1,229,269	$ 58	$ 663,406	$ 0	$ (77,009)	$ 642,814

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 16,989	$ 8,126
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	27,633	27,310
Stock-based compensation expense	7,411	5,850
Deferred income taxes	(1,707)	(597)
Non-cash interest and other — net	5,447	2,478
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	61,648	(13,271)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,765	(8,136)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(19,921)	(20,266)
Income taxes	7,082	5,444
Deferred revenue	8,109	40,249
Leases	(1,659)	1,521
Other assets	(2,544)	2,836
Other current and long-term liabilities	2,048	15,769
Net cash provided by operating activities	116,301	67,313
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of fixed assets - net	(19,371)	(19,333)
Purchases of debt securities and other investments	(27,076)	(6,225)
Proceeds from the maturity of debt securities and sale of other investments	10,900	7,450
Payments and settlements for acquisitions — net of cash acquired	(2,503)	(121)
Net cash used in investing activities	(38,050)	(18,229)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	140,000	120,000
Payments under revolving credit facility	(140,000)	(159,500)
Principal payments of long-term debt	(4,000)	(4,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	5,509	4,287
Taxes paid related to the net share settlement of stock options and restricted stock	(1,488)	(1,525)
Payments of deferred and contingent consideration for acquisitions	(97,653)	(225)
Net cash used in financing activities	(97,632)	(40,963)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(670)	(114)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(20,051)	8,007
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — beginning of period	89,451	51,894	$ 51,894
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	69,400	59,901	89,451
RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	63,683	44,629	71,568
Restricted cash, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,576	12,740
Restricted cash, included in other assets	2,141	2,532
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — end of period	69,400	59,901	$ 89,451
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash payments of interest	19,624	17,848
Cash received from cash flow hedges of interest rate risk	6,221	7,730
Cash payments of income taxes	3,857	4,903
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	37,960	39,379
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS:
Fixed asset purchases recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,528	2,167
Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities — net	23,725	16,375
Restricted stock reclassified from other current liabilities to equity upon vesting	$ 6,080	$ 8,192

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	3 Months Ended
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Organization — Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. (“Bright Horizons” or the “Company”) provides center-based early education and child care, back-up child and adult/elder care, tuition assistance and student loan repayment program management, and educational advisory services for employers and families in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia and India. The Company provides services designed to help families, employers and their employees better integrate work and family life, primarily under multi-year contracts with employers who offer early education and child care, back-up and family care, and workforce education services as part of their employee benefits packages in an effort to support employees across life and career stages and improve employee engagement. As of March 31, 2024, we operated 1,044 early education and child care centers. Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required in accordance with U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods presented. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect synergies across certain business lines resulting in a change in reportable segments. The Company’s Back-up Care segment now includes the Sittercity operations, which were previously reported in the Educational Advisory and Other Services segment. Segment information for 2023 has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded expense of $6.0 million for an immaterial correction of an error related to value-added tax incurred in prior periods, of which $4.3 million is included in cost of services and $1.7 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Refer to Note 11, Segment Information, for additional information. Stockholders’ Equity — The board of directors of the Company authorized a share repurchase program of up to $400 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock effective December 16, 2021. The share repurchase program has no expiration date. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, under Rule 10b5-1 plans, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no share repurchases under the repurchase program. All repurchased shares have been retired and, at March 31, 2024, $198.3 million remained available under the Board-approved repurchase program. Government Support — During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company participated in certain government support programs that were enacted in response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the expiration of the child care stabilization grants on September 30, 2023, most of the pandemic-related government support programs for which the Company was eligible ended in 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $21.6 million was recorded as a reduction to cost of services in relation to these benefits, of which $7.4 million reduced the operating subsidies paid by employers for the related child care centers. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, $0.6 million was recorded to revenue related to amounts received for tuition support.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into segments and geographical regions. Revenue disaggregated by segment and geographical region was as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
North America	$	320,203	$	103,411	$	24,397	$	448,011
International	163,437		11,261		—		174,698
	$	483,640	$	114,672	$	24,397	$	622,709
Three months ended March 31, 2023
North America	$	284,584	$	91,620	$	24,285	$	400,489
International	145,607		7,510		—		153,117
	$	430,191	$	99,130	$	24,285	$	553,606

Deferred Revenue

Remaining Performance Obligations

LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense (1)	$	37,731	$	37,968
Variable lease expense (1)	10,771		11,175
Total lease expense	$	48,502	$	49,143

(1) Excludes short-term lease expense and sublease income, which were immaterial for the periods presented.

Other Information

The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate were as follows:


	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	10	10
Weighted average discount rate	7.1%	7.1%

Maturity of Lease Liabilities

The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024:


	Operating Leases

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	108,275
2025	151,673
2026	145,496
2027	136,311
2028	125,397
Thereafter	588,310
Total lease payments	1,255,462
Less imputed interest	(366,799)
Present value of lease liabilities	888,663
Less current portion of operating lease liabilities	(99,769)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	788,894

ACQUISITIONS	3 Months Ended
ACQUISITIONS	Mar. 31, 2024
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
ACQUISITIONS	ACQUISITIONS The Company’s growth strategy includes expansion through strategic and synergistic acquisitions. The goodwill resulting from these acquisitions arises largely from synergies expected from combining the operations of the businesses acquired with the Company’s existing operations, including cost efficiencies and leveraging existing client relationships, as well as from benefits derived from gaining the related assembled workforce. 2024 Acquisitions During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired one center in Australia, which was accounted for as a business combination. This business was acquired for aggregate cash consideration of $2.5 million. The Company recorded goodwill of $2.3 million related to the full service center-based child care segment, which will not be deductible for tax purposes. In addition, the Company recorded intangible assets of $0.4 million that will be amortized over four years. The determination and allocation of purchase price consideration is based on preliminary estimates of fair value; such estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). As of March 31, 2024, the purchase price allocation for this acquisition remains open as the Company gathers additional information regarding the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The operating results for the acquired business is included in the consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition and were not material to the Company’s financial results. In January 2024, the Company paid deferred consideration of $106.5 million related to the 2022 acquisition of Only About Children, a child care operator in Australia. The acquisition date fair value of the deferred consideration of $97.7 million is presented as cash used in financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows while the accrued interest is presented as cash used in operating activities. 2023 Acquisitions During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired four centers in the United States and six centers in Australia, in five separate business acquisitions, which were each accounted for as a business combination. The businesses were acquired for aggregate cash consideration of $39.5 million, which is subject to adjustments from the settlement of the final working capital and acquired enrollment. The Company recorded goodwill of $37.2 million related to the full service center-based child care segment in relation to these acquisitions, of which $25.5 million will be deductible for tax purposes. In addition, the Company recorded intangible assets of $4.0 million that will be amortized over four years. The determination and allocation of purchase price consideration is based on preliminary estimates of fair value; such estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). As of March 31, 2024, the purchase price allocation for these acquisitions remains open as the Company gathers additional information regarding the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The operating results for the acquired businesses are included in the consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition and were not material to the Company’s financial results. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid contingent consideration of $0.2 million related to an acquisition completed in 2021, which had been recorded as a liability at the date of acquisition and is presented as cash used in financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	1,539,264	$	209,465	$	37,676	$	1,786,405
Additions from acquisitions	2,342		—		—		2,342
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	(25)		—		—		(25)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(17,103)		(207)		—		(17,310)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,524,478	$	209,258	$	37,676	$	1,771,412

The Company also has intangible assets, which consisted of the following at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


March 31, 2024	Weighted average amortization period	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount

		(In thousands)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	10 years	$	396,326	$	(375,686)	$	20,640
Trade names	10 years	19,245		(11,990)		7,255
		415,571		(387,676)		27,895
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	N/A	180,535		—		180,535
		$	596,106	$	(387,676)	$	208,430


December 31, 2023	Weighted average amortization period	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount

		(In thousands)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	11 years	$	397,079	$	(368,963)	$	28,116
Trade names	10 years	19,664		(11,795)		7,869
		416,743		(380,758)		35,985
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	N/A	180,591		—		180,591
		$	597,334	$	(380,758)	$	216,576

The Company estimates that it will record amortization expense related to intangible assets existing as of March 31, 2024 as follows:


	Estimated amortization expense

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	10,305
2025	5,863
2026	4,097
2027	2,937
2028	1,606
Thereafter	3,087
	$	27,895

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

Long-term debt obligations were as follows:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

	(In thousands)
Term loan B	$	586,500	$	588,000
Term loan A	377,500		380,000
Deferred financing costs and original issue discount	(4,940)		(5,236)
Total debt	959,060		962,764
Less current maturities	(21,000)		(18,500)
Long-term debt	$	938,060	$	944,264

Term Loan B Facility

Term Loan A Facility

Revolving Credit Facility

Debt Covenants

Future principal payments of long-term debt are as follows for the years ending December 31:


	Long-term debt

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	14,500
2025	28,500
2026	351,000
2027	6,000
2028	564,000

Total future principal payments	$	964,000

Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of the derivative financial instruments was as follows for the periods presented:

Derivative financial instruments

Consolidated balance sheet classification

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Interest rate caps - asset

Other assets

31,757

28,968

The effect of the derivative financial instruments on other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:


Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments	Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)		Consolidated statement of income classification	Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified into earnings		Total effect on other comprehensive income (loss)

	(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Cash flow hedges	$	9,008	Interest expense — net	$	5,751	$	3,257
Income tax effect	(2,405)		Income tax expense	(1,535)		(870)
Net of income taxes	$	6,603		$	4,216	$	2,387

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Cash flow hedges	$	(5,264)	Interest expense — net	$	6,976	$	(12,240)
Income tax effect	1,405		Income tax expense	(1,863)		3,268
Net of income taxes	$	(3,859)		$	5,113	$	(8,972)

EARNINGS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Allocation of net income to common stockholders:
Common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098
Unvested participating shares	—		28
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock	57,878,401		57,603,866
Unvested participating shares	94,158		202,749
Earnings per common share:
Common stock	$	0.29	$	0.14


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098
Plus: earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	—		28
Less: adjusted earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	—		(28)
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock	57,878,401		57,603,866
Effect of dilutive securities	432,004		106,043
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted	58,310,405		57,709,909
Earnings per common share:
Common stock	$	0.29	$	0.14

INCOME TAXES	3 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES	Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
INCOME TAXES	INCOME TAXES The Company’s effective income tax rates were 35.3% and 54.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective income tax rate may fluctuate from quarter to quarter for various reasons, including changes to income before income tax, jurisdictional mix of income before income tax, unbenefited losses, valuation allowances, jurisdictional income tax rate changes, as well as discrete items such as non-deductible transaction costs, the settlement of foreign, federal and state tax issues and the effects of excess (shortfall) tax benefit (expense) associated with the exercise or expiration of stock options and vesting of restricted stock, which is included in tax expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the net shortfall tax expense from stock-based compensation expense increased tax expense by $0.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, prior to the inclusion of the shortfall tax expense, other discrete items and unbenefited losses in certain foreign jurisdictions, the effective income tax rate approximated 28% and 30%, respectively. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits were $4.7 million and $4.6 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, inclusive of interest. The unrecognized tax benefits may change over the next 12 months by up to $4.3 million. The Company and its domestic subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as tax in multiple state jurisdictions. U.S. federal income tax returns are typically subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the statute of limitations for federal tax returns is three years. The Company’s filings for the tax years 2020 through 2022 are subject to audit based upon the federal statute of limitations. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of three to four years after filing of the respective return. The state impact of any federal changes remains subject to examination by various states for a period of up to one year after formal notification to the states. The Company's filings for the tax years 2019 through 2022 are subject to audit based upon the statute of limitations. The Company is also subject to corporate income tax for its subsidiaries located in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia, India, and Puerto Rico. The tax returns for the Company’s subsidiaries located in foreign jurisdictions are subject to examination for periods ranging from one to six years.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Level 1 — Fair value is derived using quoted prices from active markets for identical instruments.

Level 3 — Fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates their fair value because of their short-term nature.

The following table provides a roll forward of the recurring Level 3 fair value measurements:


	Three months ended March 31, 2024

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	11,516



Changes in fair value	2,820

Balance at March 31, 2024	$	14,336

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(76,130)	$	17,100	$	(71)	$	(59,101)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	(20,319)		6,603		19		(13,697)
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	—		4,216		(5)		4,211
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(20,319)		2,387		24		(17,908)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	(96,449)	$	19,487	$	(47)	$	(77,009)


	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(105,138)	$	34,738	$	(229)	$	(70,629)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	6,880		(3,859)		59		3,080
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	—		5,113		(14)		5,099
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	6,880		(8,972)		73		(2,019)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(98,258)	$	25,766	$	(156)	$	(72,648)

(1)Taxes are not provided for the currency translation adjustments related to the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect synergies across certain business lines resulting in a change in reportable segments. As a result, the back-up care reportable segment now includes the Sittercity operations. Segment information for 2023 has been recast to conform to the current year presentation.

Revenue and income from operations by reportable segment were as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Revenue	$	483,640	$	114,672	$	24,397	$	622,709
Income from operations	21,444		15,983		2,510		39,937

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Revenue	$	430,191	$	99,130	$	24,285	$	553,606
Income from operations (1)	8,433		17,773		4,439		30,645

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 16,989	$ 8,126

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Mar. 31, 2024 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Mary Lou Burke Afonso [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	On March 11, 2024, Mary Lou Burke Afonso, Chief Operating Officer, North America Center Operations, adopted a stock trading plan for the sale of up to 22,300 shares of the Company's common stock until December 2, 2024. This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company's policies regarding transactions in our securities.
Name	Mary Lou Burke Afonso
Title	Chief Operating Officer
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	March 11, 2024
Arrangement Duration	266 days
Aggregate Available	22,300

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)	3 Months Ended
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)	Mar. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required in accordance with U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods presented. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. Effective January 1, 2024, the Company realigned its organizational structure to better reflect synergies across certain business lines resulting in a change in reportable segments. The Company’s Back-up Care segment now includes the Sittercity operations, which were previously reported in the Educational Advisory and Other Services segment. Segment information for 2023 has been recast to conform to the current year presentation.
Fair Value Measurement	Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are classified using a three-level hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The Company uses observable inputs where relevant and whenever possible. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows: Level 1 — Fair value is derived using quoted prices from active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 — Fair value is derived using quoted prices for similar instruments from active markets or for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or, fair value is based on model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable from active markets. Level 3 — Fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

REVENUE RECOGNITION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue disaggregated by segment and geographical region was as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
North America	$	320,203	$	103,411	$	24,397	$	448,011
International	163,437		11,261		—		174,698
	$	483,640	$	114,672	$	24,397	$	622,709
Three months ended March 31, 2023
North America	$	284,584	$	91,620	$	24,285	$	400,489
International	145,607		7,510		—		153,117
	$	430,191	$	99,130	$	24,285	$	553,606

LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense (1)	$	37,731	$	37,968
Variable lease expense (1)	10,771		11,175
Total lease expense	$	48,502	$	49,143

(1) Excludes short-term lease expense and sublease income, which were immaterial for the periods presented.

Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate

The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate were as follows:


	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	10	10
Weighted average discount rate	7.1%	7.1%

Maturities of Lease Liabilities

The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024:


	Operating Leases

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	108,275
2025	151,673
2026	145,496
2027	136,311
2028	125,397
Thereafter	588,310
Total lease payments	1,255,462
Less imputed interest	(366,799)
Present value of lease liabilities	888,663
Less current portion of operating lease liabilities	(99,769)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	788,894

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	1,539,264	$	209,465	$	37,676	$	1,786,405
Additions from acquisitions	2,342		—		—		2,342
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	(25)		—		—		(25)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(17,103)		(207)		—		(17,310)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,524,478	$	209,258	$	37,676	$	1,771,412

Schedule of Intangible Assets

The Company also has intangible assets, which consisted of the following at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


March 31, 2024	Weighted average amortization period	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount

		(In thousands)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	10 years	$	396,326	$	(375,686)	$	20,640
Trade names	10 years	19,245		(11,990)		7,255
		415,571		(387,676)		27,895
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	N/A	180,535		—		180,535
		$	596,106	$	(387,676)	$	208,430


December 31, 2023	Weighted average amortization period	Cost		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount

		(In thousands)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	11 years	$	397,079	$	(368,963)	$	28,116
Trade names	10 years	19,664		(11,795)		7,869
		416,743		(380,758)		35,985
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	N/A	180,591		—		180,591
		$	597,334	$	(380,758)	$	216,576

Estimated Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets

The Company estimates that it will record amortization expense related to intangible assets existing as of March 31, 2024 as follows:


	Estimated amortization expense

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	10,305
2025	5,863
2026	4,097
2027	2,937
2028	1,606
Thereafter	3,087
	$	27,895

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Outstanding Borrowings

Long-term debt obligations were as follows:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

	(In thousands)
Term loan B	$	586,500	$	588,000
Term loan A	377,500		380,000
Deferred financing costs and original issue discount	(4,940)		(5,236)
Total debt	959,060		962,764
Less current maturities	(21,000)		(18,500)
Long-term debt	$	938,060	$	944,264

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt

Future principal payments of long-term debt are as follows for the years ending December 31:


	Long-term debt

	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2024	$	14,500
2025	28,500
2026	351,000
2027	6,000
2028	564,000

Total future principal payments	$	964,000

Schedule of Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of the derivative financial instruments was as follows for the periods presented:

Derivative financial instruments

Consolidated balance sheet classification

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Interest rate caps - asset

Other assets

31,757

28,968

Schedule of the Effect of Derivatives Financial Instruments on Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The effect of the derivative financial instruments on other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:


Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments	Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)		Consolidated statement of income classification	Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified into earnings		Total effect on other comprehensive income (loss)

	(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Cash flow hedges	$	9,008	Interest expense — net	$	5,751	$	3,257
Income tax effect	(2,405)		Income tax expense	(1,535)		(870)
Net of income taxes	$	6,603		$	4,216	$	2,387

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Cash flow hedges	$	(5,264)	Interest expense — net	$	6,976	$	(12,240)
Income tax effect	1,405		Income tax expense	(1,863)		3,268
Net of income taxes	$	(3,859)		$	5,113	$	(8,972)

EARNINGS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings (Loss) Per Share, Basic

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126
Allocation of net income to common stockholders:
Common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098
Unvested participating shares	—		28
Net income	$	16,989	$	8,126

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock	57,878,401		57,603,866
Unvested participating shares	94,158		202,749
Earnings per common share:
Common stock	$	0.29	$	0.14

Schedule of Earnings (Loss) Per Share, Diluted


	Three months ended March 31,
	2024		2023

	(In thousands, except share data)
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098
Plus: earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	—		28
Less: adjusted earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	—		(28)
Earnings allocated to common stock	$	16,989	$	8,098

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock	57,878,401		57,603,866
Effect of dilutive securities	432,004		106,043
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted	58,310,405		57,709,909
Earnings per common share:
Common stock	$	0.29	$	0.14

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Roll Forward of the Fair Value of Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table provides a roll forward of the recurring Level 3 fair value measurements:


	Three months ended March 31, 2024

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	11,516



Changes in fair value	2,820

Balance at March 31, 2024	$	14,336

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31, 2024
	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(76,130)	$	17,100	$	(71)	$	(59,101)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	(20,319)		6,603		19		(13,697)
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	—		4,216		(5)		4,211
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(20,319)		2,387		24		(17,908)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	(96,449)	$	19,487	$	(47)	$	(77,009)


	Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)		Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges		Unrealized gain (loss) on investments		Total

	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(105,138)	$	34,738	$	(229)	$	(70,629)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	6,880		(3,859)		59		3,080
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	—		5,113		(14)		5,099
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	6,880		(8,972)		73		(2,019)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	(98,258)	$	25,766	$	(156)	$	(72,648)

(1)Taxes are not provided for the currency translation adjustments related to the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested.

SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Revenue and Income from Operations by Segment

Revenue and income from operations by reportable segment were as follows:


	Full service center-based child care		Back-up care		Educational advisory services		Total

	(In thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Revenue	$	483,640	$	114,672	$	24,397	$	622,709
Income from operations	21,444		15,983		2,510		39,937

Three months ended March 31, 2023
Revenue	$	430,191	$	99,130	$	24,285	$	553,606
Income from operations (1)	8,433		17,773		4,439		30,645

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details)	3 Months Ended
ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) center shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 16, 2021 USD ($)
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of childcare and early education centers operated \| center	1,044
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount			$ 400,000,000
Stock repurchased (in shares) \| shares	0
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount	$ 198,300,000
Governmental assistance, reduction to cost of services		$ 21,600,000
Reduction of operating subsidies for the related child care centers		7,400,000
Revenue recognized	169,300,000	140,800,000
Value-Added Tax Incurred In Prior Periods
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Occupancy costs	$ 6,000,000
Full service center-based child care \| Value-Added Tax Incurred In Prior Periods \| Cost of Sales
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Occupancy costs		4,300,000
Full service center-based child care \| Value-Added Tax Incurred In Prior Periods \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Occupancy costs		1,700,000
Tuition Support
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Revenue recognized		$ 600,000

REVENUE RECOGNITION - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 622,709	$ 553,606
North America
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	448,011	400,489
International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	174,698	153,117
Full service center-based child care \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	483,640	430,191
Full service center-based child care \| North America \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	320,203	284,584
Full service center-based child care \| International \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	163,437	145,607
Back-up care \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	114,672	99,130
Back-up care \| North America \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	103,411	91,620
Back-up care \| International \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	11,261	7,510
Educational advisory services \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	24,397	24,285
Educational advisory services \| North America \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	24,397	24,285
Educational advisory services \| International \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 0	$ 0

REVENUE RECOGNITION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue recognized	$ 169.3	$ 140.8

LEASES - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total fixed payment obligations for operating lease not yet commenced	$ 14.8
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term	10 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease term	15 years
Operating lease not yet commenced term	15 years

LEASES - Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
LEASES - Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 37,731	$ 37,968
Variable lease expense	10,771	11,175
Total lease expense	$ 48,502	$ 49,143

LEASES - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	10 years	10 years
Weighted average discount rate	7.10%	7.10%

LEASES - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 108,275
2025	151,673
2026	145,496
2027	136,311
2028	125,397
Thereafter	588,310
Total lease payments	1,255,462
Less imputed interest	(366,799)
Present value of lease liabilities	888,663
Less current portion of operating lease liabilities	(99,769)	$ (100,387)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 788,894	$ 796,701

ACQUISITIONS (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
ACQUISITIONS (Details) $ in Thousands	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) center transaction	Jul. 01, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired		$ 2,503	$ 121
Goodwill		1,771,412		$ 1,786,405
Contingent consideration paid		97,653	$ 225
Number of business acquisition transactions \| transaction				5
2024 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired				$ 2,500
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired		$ 400
Finite-lived intangible assets amortization period		4 years
2024 Acquisitions \| Full service center-based child care
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 2,300
2024 Acquisitions \| Australia
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of centers acquired \| center				1
Only About Children
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration paid	$ 106,500
Contingent consideration recorded					$ 97,700
2023 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire business, net of cash acquired				$ 39,500
Finite-lived intangible assets acquired				$ 4,000
Finite-lived intangible assets amortization period				4 years
Business combination acquisition term		1 year
2023 Acquisitions \| Full service center-based child care
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 37,200
Amount of goodwill expected to be deductible for tax purposes				$ 25,500
2023 Acquisitions \| Australia
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of centers acquired \| center				6
2023 Acquisitions \| United States
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of centers acquired \| center				4
2021 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration paid				$ 200

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,786,405
Additions from acquisitions	2,342
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	(25)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(17,310)
Ending balance	1,771,412
Full service center-based child care
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,539,264
Additions from acquisitions	2,342
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	(25)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(17,103)
Ending balance	1,524,478
Back-up care
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	209,465
Additions from acquisitions	0
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	0
Effect of foreign currency translation	(207)
Ending balance	209,258
Educational advisory services
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	37,676
Additions from acquisitions	0
Adjustments to prior year acquisitions	0
Effect of foreign currency translation	0
Ending balance	$ 37,676

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Cost	$ 415,571	$ 416,743
Accumulated amortization	(387,676)	(380,758)
Net carrying amount	27,895	35,985
Intangible Assets:
Cost	596,106	597,334
Accumulated amortization	(387,676)	(380,758)
Net carrying amount	208,430	216,576
Trade names
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:	$ 180,535	$ 180,591
Customer relationships
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Weighted average amortization period	10 years	11 years
Cost	$ 396,326	$ 397,079
Accumulated amortization	(375,686)	(368,963)
Net carrying amount	20,640	28,116
Intangible Assets:
Accumulated amortization	$ (375,686)	$ (368,963)
Trade names
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Weighted average amortization period	10 years	10 years
Cost	$ 19,245	$ 19,664
Accumulated amortization	(11,990)	(11,795)
Net carrying amount	7,255	7,869
Intangible Assets:
Accumulated amortization	$ (11,990)	$ (11,795)

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Estimated Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 10,305
2025	5,863
2026	4,097
2027	2,937
2028	1,606
Thereafter	3,087
Net carrying amount	$ 27,895	$ 35,985

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS - Senior Secured Credit Facilities (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contingent consideration paid		$ 97,653,000	$ 225,000
Only About Children
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contingent consideration paid	$ 106,500,000
Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Effective interest rate for the term loans		7.50%		7.52%
Weighted average interest rate		7.51%		6.67%
Line of Credit \| Term loan B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 600,000,000
Debt instrument, term		7 years
Percentage of periodic payment		1.00%
Basis spread on variable rate		1.25%
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage		2.25%
Line of Credit \| Term loan B \| Base Rate \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.50%
Line of Credit \| Term loan B \| SOFR \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 400,000,000
Debt instrument, term		5 years
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| Quarterly Payment Rate for First Three Years
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of periodic payment		2.50%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| Payment Rate in Year Four
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of periodic payment		5.00%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| Payment Rate in Year Five
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of periodic payment		7.50%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| Base Rate \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| Base Rate \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.75%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| SOFR \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.50%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| SOFR \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.75%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| Base Rate, Floor Rate \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.00%
Line of Credit \| Term loan A \| SOFR Floor
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.00%
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 400,000,000
Weighted average interest rate		7.62%		6.76%
Borrowing outstanding under revolving credit facility		$ 0		$ 0
Letters of credit outstanding		10,200,000		19,300,000
Remaining borrowing capacity		$ 389,800,000		$ 380,700,000
Net leverage ratio		4.25
Revolving Credit Facility \| Base Rate \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Base Rate \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.75%
Revolving Credit Facility \| SOFR \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility \| SOFR \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.75%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Base Rate, Floor Rate \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		1.00%
Revolving Credit Facility \| SOFR Floor
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.00%

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS - Outstanding Borrowing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule Of Borrowings [Line Items]
Less current maturities	$ (21,000)	$ (18,500)
Long-term debt	938,060	944,264
Line of Credit
Schedule Of Borrowings [Line Items]
Deferred financing costs and original issue discount	(4,940)	(5,236)
Total debt	959,060	962,764
Less current maturities	(21,000)	(18,500)
Long-term debt	938,060	944,264
Term loan B \| Line of Credit
Schedule Of Borrowings [Line Items]
Term loan	586,500	588,000
Term loan A \| Line of Credit
Schedule Of Borrowings [Line Items]
Term loan	$ 377,500	$ 380,000

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS - Future Principal Payments Under New Term Loan (Details) - Secured Debt $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remainder of 2024	$ 14,500
2025	28,500
2026	351,000
2027	6,000
2028	564,000
Total future principal payments	$ 964,000

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS - Derivative Financial Instruments Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net gain to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss and recorded to interest expense during the next twelve months	$ 18,000,000
Interest rate caps
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		$ 900,000,000	$ 800,000,000
Interest rate caps \| SOFR
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate cap agreement, threshold for interest rate protection			0.90%
Interest rate caps \| October 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount			$ 300,000,000
Interest rate caps \| October 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount			$ 500,000,000
Interest rate caps \| October 31, 2025
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		$ 600,000,000
Interest rate caps \| October 31, 2025 \| SOFR
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate cap agreement, threshold for interest rate protection		2.40%
Interest rate caps \| October 31, 2026
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount		$ 300,000,000
Interest rate caps \| October 31, 2026 \| SOFR
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate cap agreement, threshold for interest rate protection		2.90%

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS - Schedule of Derivatives by Balance Sheet Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Interest rate caps \| Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest rate caps - asset	$ 31,757	$ 28,968

CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS AND DEBT OBLIGATIONS - Effect of Derivatives on Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Cash flow hedges	$ (13,681)	$ (12,916)
Income tax effect	9,267	9,603
Net of income taxes	16,989	8,126
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net of income taxes	6,603	(3,859)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified into earnings
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net of income taxes	4,216	5,113
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Total effect on other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net of income taxes	2,387	(8,972)
Cash flow hedges \| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Cash flow hedges	9,008	(5,264)
Cash flow hedges \| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified into earnings
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Cash flow hedges	5,751	6,976
Cash flow hedges \| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Total effect on other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Cash flow hedges	3,257	(12,240)
Income tax effect \| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Income tax effect	(2,405)	1,405
Income tax effect \| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Amount of net gain (loss) reclassified into earnings
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Income tax effect	(1,535)	(1,863)
Income tax effect \| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax \| Total effect on other comprehensive income (loss)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Income tax effect	$ (870)	$ 3,268

EARNINGS PER SHARE - Computation of Basic Earnings Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net income	$ 16,989	$ 8,126
Allocation of net income to common stockholders:
Common stock	16,989	8,098
Unvested participating shares	0	28
Net income	$ 16,989	$ 8,126
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of common shares (in shares)	57,878,401	57,603,866
Earnings per common share:
Common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.14
Unvested participating shares
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of common shares (in shares)	94,158	202,749

EARNINGS PER SHARE - Computation of Diluted Earnings per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings allocated to common stock	$ 16,989	$ 8,098
Plus: earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	0	28
Less: adjusted earnings allocated to unvested participating shares	0	(28)
Earnings allocated to common stock	$ 16,989	$ 8,098
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Common stock (in shares)	57,878,401	57,603,866
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	432,004	106,043
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted (in shares)	58,310,405	57,709,909
Earnings per common share:
Common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.29	$ 0.14

EARNINGS PER SHARE - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Common Stock \| Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Options outstanding to purchase shares of common stock excluded from diluted earnings per share (in shares)	1.6	2.0

INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rates	35.30%	54.20%
Increase (decrease) tax, share-based compensation expense	$ 0.7	$ 2.1
Effective income tax rate prior to the inclusion of excess tax benefit and other discrete items (percent)	28.00%	30.00%
Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest	$ 4.7		$ 4.6
Change in uncertain tax positions	$ 4.3

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities fair value		$ 34,900	$ 23,900
Available-for-sale debt securities amortized cost		34,400	24,000
Contingent consideration
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability		$ 14,336	11,516
Settlement of contingent consideration liabilities	$ 200
Minimum
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt securities, remaining maturity term		1 year
Maximum
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Debt securities, remaining maturity term		10 years
Prepaid and other current assets
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities fair value		$ 13,700	22,000
Other assets
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Available-for-sale debt securities fair value		21,200	1,900
Interest rate caps \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Fair Value Measurements Disclosure [Line Items]
Derivative asset		$ 31,800	$ 29,000

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Roll Forward of Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Contingent consideration - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 11,516
Settlement of contingent consideration liabilities		$ (200)
Changes in fair value	2,820
Ending balance	$ 14,336

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,212,676	$ 1,080,453
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	(13,697)	3,080
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	4,211	5,099
Total other comprehensive loss	(17,908)	(2,019)
Ending balance	1,229,269	1,103,443
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(59,101)	(70,629)
Total other comprehensive loss	(17,908)	(2,019)
Ending balance	(77,009)	(72,648)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(76,130)	(105,138)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	(20,319)	6,880
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	0	0
Total other comprehensive loss	(20,319)	6,880
Ending balance	(96,449)	(98,258)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	17,100	34,738
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	6,603	(3,859)
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	4,216	5,113
Total other comprehensive loss	2,387	(8,972)
Ending balance	19,487	25,766
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(71)	(229)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications — net of tax	19	59
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax	(5)	(14)
Total other comprehensive loss	24	73
Ending balance	$ (47)	$ (156)

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Income from Operations by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 622,709	$ 553,606
Income (loss) from operations	39,937	30,645
Value-Added Tax Incurred In Prior Periods
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Occupancy costs	6,000
Full service center-based child care
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Acquisition related costs		6,000
Full service center-based child care \| Value-Added Tax Incurred In Prior Periods \| Cost of Sales
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Occupancy costs		4,300
Full service center-based child care \| Value-Added Tax Incurred In Prior Periods \| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Occupancy costs		1,700
Full service center-based child care \| Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	483,640	430,191
Income (loss) from operations	21,444	8,433
Back-up care \| Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	114,672	99,130
Income (loss) from operations	15,983	17,773
Educational advisory services \| Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	24,397	24,285
Income (loss) from operations	$ 2,510	$ 4,439