MUFG Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group Inc

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: June 27, 2023

English Translation of Excerpts from Securities Report Filed in Japan

This document is an English translation of selected information included in the Securities Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 filed by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG” or “we”) with the Kanto Local Financial Bureau, the Ministry of Finance of Japan, on June 27, 2023 (the “Securities Report”). An English translation of certain information included in the Securities Report was previously submitted in a report on Form 6-K dated May 15, 2023. Accordingly, this document should be read together with the previously submitted report.

The Securities Report has been prepared and filed in Japan in accordance with applicable Japanese disclosure requirements as well as generally accepted accounting principles in Japan (“J-GAAP”). There are significant differences between J-GAAP and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. In addition, the Securities Report is being filed in the context of other prior disclosures filed by MUFG in Japan and discusses selected recent developments taking into account those prior disclosures. Accordingly, you may need to review the following disclosure, together with other prior disclosures, to obtain all of the information that is important to you. For a more complete discussion of the background to information provided below, please see our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 and other reports filed with or submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission by MUFG.

The following disclosure contains forward-looking statements, which, unless specifically stated otherwise, reflect our understanding as of the date of filing of the Securities Report. Actual results may significantly differ from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In addition, although the Risk Committee identified the top risks below, there may be other material risks that emerge as we operate our businesses.

Risks Relating to Our Business

We determine the significance of various risk scenarios based on their impact and probability and identify potential risk events that are deemed to require close monitoring and attention for the next one-year period as top risks. The main top risks identified by our Risk Committee in March 2023 are as follows. By identifying these top risks, we seek to implement necessary risk management measures designed to minimize such risks to the extent possible and manage them in such a manner that they can be agilely dealt with in the event that they materialize. In addition, through management’s participation in discussions on such top risks, we strive to take effective measures based on a shared assessment of risks.

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Based on our analysis of the top risks described above, we have described below major matters relating to risks to our business and other risks that we believe may have a material impact on an investor’s investment decision. In addition, to proactively disclose information to investors, we have described matters that do not necessarily correspond to such risk factors, but that we believe are material to investors in making an investment decision. We will, with the understanding that these risks may occur, endeavor to avoid the occurrence of such risks and to address such risks if they occur.

This section contains forward-looking statements, which, unless specifically stated otherwise, reflect our understanding as of the date of filing of this Securities Report.

Risks Related to Our Business Environment

Economic conditions in Japan and around the world may deteriorate due to various factors such as global inflation trends, changes in the monetary and fiscal policies in major jurisdictions and the fiscal condition of major countries, rapid and significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and concerns and developments affecting financial institutions. Uncertainty over the Japanese and global economies still remain because of such other factors as concerns over political developments in the United States, concerns over the U.S.-China conflict, geopolitical instabilities and conflicts, interruptions in international supply chains and trade, and political turmoil in various regions around the world.

Worsening economic conditions in Japan and around the world may result in, among other things, impairment or valuation losses on securities and other assets that we hold due to declines in the market value of such assets, an increase in our non-performing loans and credit costs due to deterioration in borrowers’ business performance, a decrease in our profits due to deterioration in the creditworthiness of counterparties in market transactions, a reduction in foreign currency funding liquidity, an increase in our foreign currency funding costs, and an increase in the level of risk in, and the balance of, the risk assets that we hold. Our profitability may be adversely affected by various other factors, including a decline in our net interest income caused by such factors as an increase in our funding costs due to a rise in interest rates globally resulting from changes in the monetary policies of central banks in various jurisdictions. In addition, an economic downturn may result in a decline in new investments and business transactions by customers due to stagnation in economic activity, weak consumer spending, diminished investor appetite for making investments in uncertain financial markets, and a decrease in our assets under custody or management.

In the event of a financial market turmoil or depression resulting from significant volatility in bond and stock markets or foreign currency exchange rates, or a global financial crisis, the market value of financial instruments that we hold may significantly decline, properly quoted market prices of such instruments may become unavailable for valuation purposes, or financial markets may become dysfunctional. As a result, we may incur impairment or valuation losses on financial instruments in our portfolio.

Any of the foregoing factors may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

As a major financial institution incorporated in Japan and operating in major international financial markets, our business operations, ATMs and other information technology systems, personnel, and facilities and other physical assets are subject to the risks of earthquakes, typhoons, floods and other natural disasters, terrorism, geopolitical conflicts and ensuing economic sanctions, political and social conflicts, health pandemics or epidemics, and other disruptions caused by external events, which are beyond our control. Such external events may result in loss of facility, personnel and other resources, suspension or delay in all or part of our operations, inability to implement business strategic measures or respond to changes in the market or regulatory environment as planned, and other disruptions to our operations. We may also be required to incur significant costs and expenses, including those incurred for preventive or remedial measures, to deal with the consequences of such external events. In addition, such external events may negatively impact the economic conditions in the markets we or our customers operate. As a result, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

As with other Japanese companies, we are exposed to heightened risks of large-scale natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. In particular, a large-scale earthquake occurring in the Tokyo metropolitan area and other areas where we have our important business functions may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

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Our risk management policies and procedures may be insufficient to address the consequences of these external events, resulting in our inability to continue to operate a part or the whole of our business, although we work to strengthen our operational resilience (the ability of a bank to deliver critical operations through disruption such as a conflict, terrorism (including cyber terrorism), or natural disaster) by establishing a business continuity framework based on the regulations of each relevant jurisdiction and testing through training and other measures.

Our redundancy and backup measures may not be sufficient to avoid a material disruption in our operations, and our contingency and business continuity plans may not address all eventualities that may occur in the event of a material disruption caused by a large-scale natural disaster.

We have various transactions, including derivatives, loans, bonds, and securitized products, that reference London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, and other interest rate benchmarks. ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the LIBOR administrator, ceased publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings and all non-U.S. dollar LIBOR settings on a representative basis after December 31, 2021, with plans to cease publication of all other U.S. dollar LBIOR settings after June 30, 2023.

In preparation for the discontinuation of the publication of LIBOR, we have been taking measures to deal with the reform of LIBOR and other interest rate benchmarks and the transition to alternative reference rates, and our transition away from LIBOR with respect to transactions referencing LIBOR settings which ceased to be published at the end of calendar year 2021 have been mostly completed, with a strategy in place for the remainder of such transactions. With respect to transactions referencing U.S. dollar LIBOR settings which are expected to cease to be published at the end of June of calendar year 2023, we continue to take measures to complete our transition away from U.S. dollar LIBOR in light of such cessation of U.S. dollar LIBOR publication at the end of June 2023, while legislative solutions have been developed to address existing contracts that cannot feasibly be transitioned away from U.S. dollar LIBOR. Such transition from LIBOR and other interest rate benchmarks to alternative reference rates is complex and entails uncertainty, including as to the economic characteristics and performance, market acceptance, and accounting and regulatory treatment of such alternative reference rates and the transition to such rates, and may have various adverse impacts on our business, financial position and operating results. In particular, among other things,

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Physical damage caused by extreme weather conditions and natural disasters resulting from climate change, as well as measures to strengthen climate change-related regulations, diversification of policies and the transition to a decarbonized society including adoption of decarbonization technologies, may directly affect our operations or have other indirect effects on us, including our loan portfolio management due to adverse effects on the business and financial performance of our borrowers. These direct and indirect effects may negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

We support the recommendations of the Climate-related Financial Disclosure Task Force, or TCFD, and continue to make an effort to improve our understanding and evaluation of the relevant risks and to enhance our related disclosure. We also seek to provide assistance with responses to climate change and measures to transition to a decarbonized society. However, if our effort to address climate change-related risks or to make appropriate disclosure proves or is deemed inappropriate, if our strategy to provide assistance with responses to climate change and measures to transition to a decarbonized society does not proceed as planned, if our climate change-related risk management proves not to be as effective as expected, if we fail or are deemed to have failed to effectively respond to regulatory requirements or diversification of policies relating to climate change, or if, as a result of any of the foregoing, we are considered to be failing to fulfill our responsibility to society, then our corporate value may be impaired and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Strategies and Our Major Investees

Competition in the financial services industry may further intensify due to the increase in the number of non-financial institutions entering the financial services industry with alternative services such as electronic settlement services as a result of development of new technologies as well as significant changes in regulatory barriers.

We have been implementing various business strategies on a global basis designed to strengthen our competitive position and profitability. However, competition may further increase as other global financial institutions enhance their competitive strength through mergers, acquisitions, strategic alliances, and profit improvement and other measures.

Under such circumstances, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if our strategies fail to produce the results we expect or if we are required to delay or otherwise change our strategies. Our competitiveness may decline because of various factors, including where:

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As we expand our business operations and operate our business as a global financial institution, we may become exposed to new and increasingly complex risks associated therewith. We may not be able to establish appropriate internal controls or risk management systems or to hire or retain necessary human resources to effectively deal with compliance, regulatory and other risks entailing the expanded scope of our operations, products and services in all cases and, as a consequence, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

As a strategic measure implemented in an effort to become the world’s most trusted financial group, we acquire businesses, make investments and enter into capital alliances globally. We may continue to pursue opportunities to acquire businesses, make investments and enter into capital alliances. Our major overseas subsidiaries include Krungsri, an indirect subsidiary in Thailand, and Bank Danamon, an indirect subsidiary in Indonesia. Our acquisition, investments and capital alliances may not proceed as planned or may be changed or dissolved, we may not achieve the synergies or other results that we expected, or we may incur impairment or valuation losses on securities acquired or intangible assets, including goodwill, recorded in connection with such business acquisitions, investments or business alliances, because of, among other things, political and social instability, stagnation of the economy, fluctuations of the financial market, inability to obtain regulatory approvals, changes in the laws, regulations or accounting standards, changes in the strategies or financial condition of our acquirees, investees or alliance partners that are inconsistent with our interests, and unanticipated changes in the local market, industry or business environment affecting our acquirees, investees or alliance partners. These and other similar circumstances may adversely affect our business strategies, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may be unable to achieve the benefits expected from our efforts to expand business operations if our expansion strategy does not proceed as planned.

We hold shares of common stock (representing 22.4% of the voting rights immediately following the conversion of convertible preferred stock in June 2011 and 22.6% as of March 31, 2023) in Morgan Stanley and continue to hold certain non-convertible (non-voting) preferred stock previously issued to us by Morgan Stanley. We have entered into a strategic alliance with Morgan Stanley to, among other things, jointly manage securities business joint ventures in Japan and to cooperate with each other in the corporate finance business in the United States.

We intend to further strengthen the alliance. However, if the social, economic, market or financial environment changes, or if our collaboration of personnel, products and services or the formation and implementation of the joint ventures’ management, controls or business strategies are not realized as planned, we may not be able to achieve the synergy and other results that we expected from the strategic alliance.

If our strategic alliance with Morgan Stanley is terminated, it may adversely affect our business strategies, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we are a non-controlling shareholder, and we cannot control Morgan Stanley’s business, nor can we make decisions for Morgan Stanley. If Morgan Stanley makes independent decisions that are not consistent with our interests, we may not be able to achieve the goals expected from our strategic alliance with Morgan Stanley. In addition, because of our large investment in Morgan Stanley, if Morgan Stanley’s financial condition or results of operations deteriorate, we may incur substantial losses on our investment.

We hold 22.6% of the voting rights in Morgan Stanley as of March 31, 2023 and appoint two representatives to Morgan Stanley’s board of directors. Accordingly, Morgan Stanley is our affiliated company accounted for under the equity method. As a result, Morgan Stanley’s results of operations or changes in our ownership interest in Morgan Stanley will have an impact on our results of operations as the amount of Morgan Stanley’s income or loss in proportion to our shareholding ratio is recognized as income or loss from investments in affiliates in our statements of income, and changes in our ownership interest in Morgan Stanley resulting from changes in our shareholder ratio in Morgan Stanley caused by increases or decreases in Morgan Stanley’s outstanding shares will be recognized as gains or losses in our statements of income.

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Risks Related to Our Ability to Meet Regulatory Capital Requirements

We and our subsidiary banks are subject to capital adequacy ratio and leverage ratio requirements adopted in Japan in accordance with Basel III. Final Basel III reforms are expected to become applicable to Japanese banking institutions with international operations conducted through foreign offices, including us, on March 31, 2024, as announced by the FSA in its public notice relating to partial amendments to the capital ratio requirements, dated April 28, 2022. On November 11, 2022, the FSA announced that the applicable minimum leverage ratio requirement on and after April 1, 2024 will be raised while the temporary measure currently in place to exclude the amount of deposits with the Bank of Japan from the total exposure amount will continue. The Financial Stability Board has identified us as one of G-SIBs, which are subject to a leverage ratio buffer from the end of March 2023.

If our or our subsidiary banks’ capital ratios or leverage ratios fall below the required levels, including various capital buffers, the FSA may require us to take a variety of corrective actions, including abstention from making capital distributions and suspension of our business operations.

In addition, some of our bank subsidiaries are subject to the local capital adequacy ratio and other regulatory ratio requirements of various foreign countries, including the United States, and if their ratios fall below the required levels, the local regulators may require them to take a variety of corrective actions.

Factors that will affect our and our bank subsidiaries’ capital ratios or leverage ratios include:

The G-SIBs, including us, are subject to a capital surcharge. As such, we may be required to meet stricter capital ratio requirements.

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The Financial Stability Board issued “Principles on Loss-absorbing and Recapitalisation Capacity of G-SIBs in Resolution” in November 2015 and “Guiding Principles on the Internal Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity of G-SIBs (‘Internal TLAC’)” in July 2017. These principles are designed to ensure that if a G-SIB fails, it has sufficient total loss-absorbing capacity, or TLAC, available in resolution. Based on these principles, in Japan, G-SIBs, including us, are required to maintain certain minimum levels of capital and liabilities that are deemed to have loss-absorbing and recapitalization capacity, or External TLAC, and allocate a certain minimum level of External TLAC to any material subsidiary within their respective groups of companies, or Internal TLAC, starting in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The applicable minimum requirements were raised in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. Within the MUFG Group, MUFG Bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking, Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities Co., Ltd. and MUFG Americas Holdings are designated as our material subsidiaries. We may become subject to various regulatory actions, including restrictions on capital distributions, if we are unable to maintain our External TLAC ratios or the amount of Internal TLAC allocated to any of our material subsidiaries in Japan above the minimum levels required by the standards imposed by the FSA. Our External TLAC ratios and the amount of our Internal TLAC are affected by various factors described in (1), (2) and (3) pertaining to the capital adequacy ratio and other related regulations. Although we plan to issue TLAC-qualified debt in an effort to meet the minimum required levels of External TLAC ratios and Internal TLAC amounts, we may fail to do so if we are unable to issue or refinance TLAC-qualified debt as planned.

In addition, MUFG Americas Holdings, a U.S. banking subsidiary within our group, is subject to local TLAC regulations and may become subject to various regulatory actions in the United States if the subsidiary fails to meet the minimum required levels.

We operate our business globally and we hold assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Japanese yen translation amounts of our assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies will fluctuate due to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates. To the extent that our foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities are not matched in the same currency or appropriately hedged, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the Japanese yen may adversely affect our capital ratios, financial condition, and results of operations.

Credit Risk (Risk of Loss Resulting from Deterioration in Financial Condition of Borrowers or Transaction Counterparties)

The lending business is one of our primary businesses. To the extent that our measures designed to mitigate credit risk, including collateral, guarantees and credit derivatives, are insufficient, our credit costs may significantly increase if borrowers fail to meet their interest payment or principal repayment obligations as expected or if we fail to effectively and adequately anticipate and deal with deterioration in the credit quality of our borrowers. Any such failure may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and may also result in a decrease in our capital ratios. Our credit costs and problem loans may increase in the future due to deterioration in economic conditions in Japan and other parts of the world, including emerging countries, fluctuations in oil and other commodity prices, declines in real estate and stock prices, depreciation of currencies of emerging markets, rises in interest rates, or financial difficulties of our borrowers due to such factors as intensifying competition within their respective industries.

Our allowance for credit losses is recorded based on assumptions and estimates of the condition of borrowers, the value of collateral and the economy as a whole. If general economic conditions or the financial performance of specific borrowers deteriorates, if the value or liquidity of collateral declines, or if our actual loan losses exceed our allowance for credit losses, we may also incur additional credit losses. In addition, the regulatory standards or guidance on establishing allowances may also change, causing us to change some of the evaluations used in determining the allowances. As a result, we may need to provide for additional allowance for credit losses. As of March 31, 2023, the balance of our allowance for credit losses was ¥1,245.7 billion.

When we make loans and other extensions of credit, we seek to diversify our portfolio to avoid any concentration of exposure to a particular industry or counterparty. However, our credit exposures to the real estate industry are relatively high in comparison to other industries, and we are consequently susceptible to adverse changes particularly in that industry. While we continue to monitor and respond to changes in circumstances and other developments relating to particular industries and individual counterparties as well as each relevant country and region, including emerging countries, the quality of our credit portfolio may deteriorate to an extent greater than expected due to changes in economic conditions in Japan and other countries and regions, including the impact of climate change, pandemics or epidemics of infectious diseases and the geopolitical developments in Ukraine, and fluctuations in real estate prices, oil and other commodity prices, and foreign currency exchange rates.

Even in the event that a borrower defaults, based on the efficiency and effectiveness of collecting on loans and other factors, we may not exercise all of our legal rights as a creditor against the borrower.

In addition, if we determine that it is reasonable, we may forgive debt or provide additional loans or equity capital to support borrowers. If such support is provided, our outstanding loans may increase significantly, our credit costs may increase, and the value of the additional equity purchased may decline.

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Declining asset quality and other financial problems may exist at some domestic and foreign financial institutions, including banks, non-bank lending and credit institutions, securities companies and insurance companies, and these problems may worsen or these problems may arise again as new issues. Such problems recently manifested in a series of high-profile failures of financial institutions in the United States and Europe. If financial difficulties of financial institutions continue, worsen or arise, they may not only lead to liquidity and insolvency problems for such financial institutions but also result in systemic problems adversely affecting the financial market and the wider economy, and may adversely affect us for the following reasons:

Risk Relating to Our Strategic Equity Portfolio (Risk of Loss Resulting from a Decline in the Value of Equity Securities We Hold)

We hold large amounts of marketable equity securities, including those held for strategic investment purposes. As of March 31, 2023, the market value of such securities was approximately ¥4.2 trillion, and the book value of such securities was approximately ¥1.6 trillion. In view of mitigating the risk of equity price volatility, our basic policy is to reduce the amount of equity securities held for strategic investment purposes. We examine the objective and economic rationale for strategically held equity securities, and if we determine that it no longer makes reasonable sense to continue to hold them, we will seek to dispose of such equity securities. For our strategic equity portfolio, we endeavor to manage the risk of stock price fluctuations by hedging a portion of the portfolio using total return swaps and other hedging instruments.

However, if stock prices decline, we may incur significant impairment losses or valuation losses on our equity investment portfolio. In addition, since unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are reflected in the calculation of regulatory capital amounts, a decline in stock prices may result in a decrease in our capital ratios and other regulatory ratios. As a result, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Market Risk (Risk of Loss Resulting from Fluctuations in Interest Rates, Prices of Securities and Foreign Currency Exchange Rates)

We undertake extensive financial market operations involving a variety of financial instruments, including derivatives, and hold large volumes of such financial instruments. For example, if market interest rates decline due to such factors as changes in the monetary policies of central banks in various jurisdictions, the yield on the Japanese government bonds and foreign government bonds that we hold may also decline. Furthermore, if short-term interest rates rise to a larger extent than long-term interest rates, or if long-term interest rates decline to a larger extent than short-term interest rates, our net interest income may be adversely affected. If interest rates in and outside of Japan rise, we may incur significant losses on sales of, and valuation losses on, our bond portfolio. In addition, an appreciation of the Japanese yen will cause the value of our foreign currency-denominated investments recorded in our financial statements to decline and may cause us to recognize losses on sales or valuation losses. Furthermore, if stock prices decline, the value of marketable equity securities and trading account equity securities that we hold also declines, we may incur significant losses on sales of, and valuation losses on, our marketable equity securities and trading account equity securities portfolios. Although we seek to manage market risk, which is the risk of incurring losses due to various market changes including interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and stock prices, market risk exposure amounts that we calculate cannot accurately reflect the actual risk that we face in all cases, and we may realize actual losses that are greater than our estimated market risk exposure.

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Funding Liquidity Risk (Risk of Loss Due to Inability to Raise Funds or Need to Raise Funds at Unexpectedly High Interest Rates)

Market illiquidity and other external circumstances and an actual or perceived decline in our creditworthiness could negatively affect our ability to access and maintain liquidity. Our liquidity may be impaired by factors such as an inability to raise funding in financial markets, an increase in our funding costs, unexpected increases in cash or collateral requirements, an inability to sell assets or enter into or settle other transactions as planned or needed, and an inability to attract or retain deposits. These situations may arise due to circumstances which we may be unable to control but which have occurred in the past, including market or economic disruptions, financial system instability, and a downgrade in our credit ratings, or circumstances specific to us, including an actual or perceived decline in our creditworthiness. Insufficient liquidity may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Assuming all of the relevant credit rating agencies downgraded the credit ratings of MUFG, MUFG Bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking and Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Holdings as of March 31, 2023 by one-notch on the same date, we estimate that MUFG and its three main subsidiaries would have been required to provide approximately ¥180.1 billion of additional collateral postings under their derivative contracts. Assuming a two-notch downgrade by all of the same credit rating agencies occurring on the same date, we estimate that the additional collateral postings for the same MUFG group companies under their derivative contracts would have been approximately ¥210.6 billion.

Operational Risk (Risk of Loss Resulting from Inappropriate Management of Operations or External Factors)

We conduct our business subject to laws, regulations, rules, policies and voluntary codes of practice in Japan and other markets where we operate. We are subject to various regulatory inquiries or investigations from time to time in connection with various aspects of our business and operations. Our compliance risk management systems and programs, which are continually enhanced, may not be fully effective in preventing all violations of laws, regulations and rules.

If we are deemed not compliant with applicable laws, regulations or rules, including those relating to money laundering, economic sanctions, bribery, corruption, financial crimes, or other inappropriate or illegal transactions, if our conduct is deemed to constitute unfair or inappropriate business practices, or if we are deemed to have failed to meet market or industry rules or standards, customer protection requirements, or corporate behavior expectations, we may become subject to penalties, fines, public reprimands, reputational damage, issuance of business improvement, suspension or other administrative orders, or withdrawal of authorization to operate. These consequences may result in loss of customer or market confidence in us or otherwise may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to obtain regulatory approvals for future strategic initiatives may also be adversely affected.

In February 2019, MUFG Bank entered into a consent order with the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or OCC, relating to deficiencies identified by the OCC in the Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering compliance program of MUFG Bank’s U.S. branches in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. The consent order requires MUFG Bank and its U.S. branches to implement various remedial measures to address the deficiencies found in the OCC examination, including a comprehensive action plan satisfactory to the OCC, implementation of measures to ensure effective compliance management and qualified staffing, the adoption of comprehensive Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering risk assessment policies and procedures, and other remedial actions. MUFG Bank undertook necessary actions relating to the consent order, and the OCC terminated the consent order pertaining to MUFG Bank’s compliance with Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering program requirements in December 2022.

We have received requests and subpoenas for information from government agencies in some jurisdictions that are conducting investigations into past submissions made by panel members, including us, to the bodies that set various interbank benchmark rates as well as investigations into foreign exchange related practices of global financial institutions. Some of the investigations into foreign exchange related practices resulted in our payment of monetary penalties to the relevant government agencies. We are cooperating with the ongoing investigations and have been conducting an internal investigation, among other things. In connection with these matters, we and other financial institutions are involved as defendants in a number of civil lawsuits, including putative class actions, in the United States.

These developments or other similar events, including potential additional regulatory actions against us, agreements to make significant additional settlement payments, may result in significant adverse financial and other consequences to us.

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We are required to appropriately handle customer information or personal information in accordance with laws and regulations in Japan and other parts of the world. We possess a large amount of customer information and personal information, and we are working to improve our information management system by preparing information management policies and procedures concerning the storage and handling of information and implementing information system enhancements. However, due to improper management, unauthorized access from external sources such as cyber-attacks, or computer virus infection, we may not be able to completely prevent the loss or leakage of customer information and personal information. In such event, we may be subject to penalties, administrative sanctions and other direct losses such as compensation paid to customers. In addition, loss of customer and market confidence may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also incur additional costs to deal with the consequences of these events.

Our information, communications and transaction management systems (including our own proprietary systems as well as those third-party systems which are provided for our use or to which our systems are connected) constitute a core infrastructure for our accounting and other business operations and are of critical importance particularly in the current business environment with increasing dependence on remote or online networks and our strategy to promote digitization. We are working to prevent system failures through appropriate design and testing and other means and to establish security-conscious systems. However, we may not be able to completely prevent system failures, cyber-attacks, unauthorized access, computer virus infection, human errors, equipment malfunctions, defects in services provided by third parties such as communications service providers, and failure to appropriately deal with technological advances and new systems and tools. In addition, we may be unable to enhance our financial transaction management systems as required for all of our business operations or under increasingly stricter regulations applicable to financial institutions. Furthermore, our system development or improvement projects, many of which are critical to our ability to operate in accordance with market and regulatory standards, may not be completed as planned due to the complexity and other difficulty relating to such projects. Such failures and inability may lead to errors and delays in transactions, information leakage and other adverse consequences, and, if serious, could lead to the suspension of our business operations and financial losses such as those incurred in connection with compensation for damages caused by such suspension, diminish confidence in us, harm our reputation, subject us to administrative sanctions, or result in our incurring additional costs to deal with the consequences of these events.

We currently have limited transactions with entities in or affiliated with Iran and other countries designated by the U.S. Department of State as “state sponsors of terrorism.” In addition, our banking subsidiary has a representative office in Iran.

U.S. law generally prohibits or limits U.S. persons from doing business with state sponsors of terrorism. In addition, we are aware of initiatives by U.S. governmental entities and U.S. institutional investors, such as pension funds, to prohibit or restrict transactions with or investments in entities doing business with Iran and other countries identified as state sponsors of terrorism. It is possible that such initiatives may result in our being unable to gain or retain business with U.S. governmental entities, U.S. institutional investors, such as pension funds, and entities subject to such prohibition or restrictions as customers or as investors in our shares. In addition, depending on socio-political developments, our reputation may suffer because of our associations with these countries. The above circumstances may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and the price of our shares.

The U.S. Government sanctions against Iran apply to prohibit, among other things, U.S. persons from conducting transactions relating to Iran. In addition, in May 2018, the United States withdrew from participation in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Under subsequently issued executive orders, the United States may impose secondary sanctions against non-U.S. persons who engage in or facilitate a broad range of transactions and activities involving Iran. We will continue to monitor and implement measures to address this heightened risk of U.S. measures, including any possible secondary sanctions.

Companies registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (including non-U.S. companies) are subject to the disclosure requirement relating to certain Iran-related transactions. Moreover, certain Japanese sanctions measures are in effect, including freezing the assets of persons involved in Iran’s sensitive nuclear activities and development of nuclear weapon delivery systems. We continue to work to improve our policies and procedures to comply with such regulatory requirements. There remains a risk of potential regulatory action against us, however, if regulators perceive our policies and procedures not to be in compliance with applicable regulations. For more information on the relevant regulatory actions, please refer to “15. Risks of being deemed to have engaged in inappropriate or illegal practices or other conduct and, as a result, becoming subject to regulatory actions.”

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As a global financial services provider, our business is subject to ongoing changes in laws, regulations, rules, policies, accounting standards or methods, voluntary codes of practice and interpretations in Japan and other markets where we operate. Major global financial institutions currently face an increasingly stricter set of laws, regulations and standards as a result of emerging technologies, political and geopolitical developments, environmental, social and governance concerns, and other concerns enveloping the global financial sector. There is also growing political pressure to demand even greater internal compliance and risk management systems following several high-profile scandals and risk management failures in the financial industry. The laws, regulations and standards that apply to us are often complex and, in many cases, we must make interpretive decisions regarding the application of such laws, regulations and standards to our business activities. Future developments or changes in laws, regulations, rules, policies, accounting standards or methods, voluntary codes of practice, interpretations and their effects are expected to require greater capital, human and technological resources as well as significant management attention, and may require us to modify our business strategies and plans. We may be unable to enhance our compliance management programs and systems, which, in some cases, are supported by third-party service providers, as required or planned. Our failure or inability to comply fully with applicable laws and regulations may lead to penalties, fines, public reprimands, damage to reputation, issuance of business improvement and other administrative orders, enforced suspension of operations, our inability to obtain regulatory approvals for future strategic initiatives or, in extreme cases, withdrawal of authorization to operate, adversely affecting our business and results of operations.

We have subsidiaries and affiliates in the consumer finance industry as well as loans outstanding to consumer finance companies. Changes in the business or regulatory environment for consumer finance companies may adversely affect our results of operations. The results of a series of court cases, including the stricter interpretation of the requirements for deemed payments, or “minashi bensai,” have made a borrower’s claim for reimbursement of previously collected interest payments in excess of the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law easier, and, as a result, there have been a significant number of such claims. In addition to the refund of overpaid interest by our subsidiaries and affiliates engaged in the consumer finance business, we may incur additional credit costs due to deterioration in the financial performance of consumer finance companies to which we extend credit. Moreover, any adverse changes in judicial decisions or regulatory requirements may result in our incurring additional costs and expenses.

We are one of the leading financial institutions in Japan and one of the handful G-SIBs in the world, and we aim to be the world’s most trusted financial group. Our ability to conduct business is indispensably dependent on the trust and confidence of our customers as well as local and international communities. Our reputation is critical in maintaining our relationships with customers, investors, regulators and the general public. Our reputation may be damaged by their negative perceptions of us and our operations in light of their concerns relating to human rights, the environment, public health and safety, or other corporate social responsibilities, or by our transactions or operations if they are deemed repugnant to the intent and policy underlying applicable laws and regulations such as anti-money laundering, economic sanctions and competition laws as well as the prohibition on dealing with anti-social forces. Failure to prevent or properly address these issues may result in impairment of our corporate brand, loss of our existing or prospective customers or investors, or increased public or regulatory scrutiny, and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

–11–

Additional Japanese GAAP Financial Information for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2023

Principal companies:

MUFG Bank, Ltd.

Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation

Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Holdings Co., Ltd.

Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.

ACOM CO., LTD.

MUFG Trading, Ltd. and nine other companies were newly included in the scope of consolidation due to new establishment or other reasons.

MUFG Union Bank, N.A. and fifteen other companies were excluded from the scope of consolidation due to the transfer of shares or other reasons.

Hygeia Co., Ltd.

OiDE OptoEye, Inc.

HISHOH Biopharma Co., Ltd.

These entities were not treated as subsidiaries because they were established as property management agents for land trust projects without any intent to control, or because MUFG’s consolidated venture capital subsidiaries owned the majority of voting rights primarily to benefit from the appreciation of their investments resulting from growth or restructuring of the investees’ businesses without any intent to control.

Principal companies:

Mitsubishi HC Capital Inc.

Morgan Stanley

Kanmu, Inc. and three other companies were newly included in the scope of application of the equity method due to acquisition of shares or other reasons.

The Chukyo Bank, Ltd. and ten other companies were excluded from the scope of application of the equity method due to the sale of shares or other reasons.

–12–

(Additional Information)

(Provisional closing of accounts of a significant equity-method affiliate for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024)

Morgan Stanley, a significant equity-method affiliate of MUFG, closes its financial accounts based on a fiscal year-end of December 31, and the equity method of accounting is applied to its consolidated financial statements as of the fiscal year-end. However, from the perspective of providing financial information in a more timely manner, MUFG has decided to make modifications so that the equity method of accounting will be applied to Morgan Stanley based on a provisional closing of accounts to be implemented as of March 31, which is the consolidated fiscal year-end of MUFG, effective from the first quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024.

Accordingly, for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024, Morgan Stanley’s financial results for the 15-month period from January 1, 2023 to March 31, 2024 will be reflected in MUFG’s consolidated financial statements.

Hirosaki Co., Ltd.

Shonai Paradiso Co., LTD

Kamui Pharma Co., Ltd.

GEXVal Inc.

Reborna Biosciences, Inc.

Alchemedicine, Inc.

HuLa immune Inc.

DT Axis, Inc.

FELIQS CORPORATION

These entities were not regarded as affiliates because MUFG’s consolidated venture capital subsidiaries owned 20% to 50% of voting rights primarily to benefit from the appreciation of their investments resulting from growth or restructuring of the investees’ businesses without any intent to control.

A subsidiary whose balance sheet date is the end of October was consolidated based on its preliminary financial statements as of the end of January.

The remaining subsidiaries were consolidated based on their financial statements as of their respective balance sheet dates.

Adjustments were made to the consolidated financial statements to reflect any significant transactions within the consolidated group that occurred between the balance sheet dates of the relevant subsidiaries and the consolidated balance sheet date.

–13–

Transactions involving short-term fluctuations or arbitrage opportunities in interest rates, currency exchange rates, market prices of financial instruments or other market indices (“trading purposes”) are presented in “Trading assets” and “Trading liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet on a trade-date basis, and gains and losses from trading transactions (interest and dividends, gains or losses on sales and gains or losses on valuation) are presented in “Trading income” and “Trading expenses” on the consolidated statement of income.

Trading assets and trading liabilities are stated at fair value as of the consolidated balance sheet date.

With respect to derivative transactions for trading purposes, specific market risk and counterparty credit risk exposures are measured in groups of trading assets and trading liabilities, and fair value is determined for each such group of trading assets and trading liabilities on a net basis.

Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities are included directly in net assets, net of applicable income taxes, except in the case of application of the fair value hedge accounting method, in which the change in the fair value recognized is recorded in current earnings.

Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities in money held in trust which are not held for trading purposes or held to maturity are included directly in net assets, net of applicable income taxes.

Derivative transactions (excluding those for trading purposes) are stated at fair value as of the consolidated balance sheet date.

With respect to derivative transactions for trading purposes, specific market risk and counterparty credit risk exposures are measured in groups of trading assets and trading liabilities, and fair value is determined for each such group of trading assets and trading liabilities on a net basis.

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets of MUFG and its domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries and domestic consolidated trust banking subsidiaries is computed primarily using the declining-balance method. The useful lives are primarily estimated as follows:

Buildings: 15 to 50 years

Equipment: 2 to 20 years

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets of other consolidated subsidiaries is computed primarily using the straight-line method based on their estimated useful lives and other factors.

Amortization of intangible fixed assets is computed using the straight-line method.

Development costs for internally used software are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of primarily 3 to 10 years.

–14–

Depreciation or amortization of lease assets in “Tangible fixed assets” or “Intangible fixed assets” under finance leases other than those that are deemed to transfer the ownership of leased property to the lessees is computed using the straight-line method over the lease periods with zero residual value unless residual value is guaranteed by the corresponding lease contracts, in which case the residual value equals the guaranteed amount.

Bond issuance costs and stock issuance costs are expensed as incurred.

Principal domestic consolidated subsidiaries determine the amount of allowance for credit losses in accordance with the internal standards for self-assessment of asset quality and the internal standards for write-offs and provisions.

For claims on borrowers that have entered into bankruptcy, special liquidation proceedings or similar legal proceedings or whose notes have been dishonored and suspended from processing through clearing houses (“bankrupt borrowers”) or borrowers that are not legally or formally bankrupt but are regarded as substantially in similar condition (“virtually bankrupt borrowers”), allowances are provided based on the amount of claims, after the write-offs as stated below, net of expected amounts to be collected through the disposal of collateral and the execution of guarantees.

For claims on borrowers that are not yet legally or formally bankrupt but deemed to have a high possibility of becoming bankrupt (“likely to become bankrupt borrowers”), where the amounts of principal repayments and interest payments cannot be reasonably estimated from the borrowers’ cash flows, allowances are provided based on an overall solvency assessment of the claims, net of expected amounts to be collected through the disposal of collateral and the execution of guarantees.

For claims on likely to become bankrupt borrowers and claims on borrowers requiring close monitoring, where the amounts of principal repayments and interest payments can be reasonably estimated from the borrowers’ cash flows, allowances are provided in an amount equal to the difference between the book value of the claims and the relevant cash flows discounted by the initial contractual interest rates.

For other claims, allowances are provided based mainly on expected losses for the immediately following one-year period or the average remaining term to maturity of loans. Expected losses are calculated by applying a loss rate, which is obtained based on the average rate of historical credit loss experience or historical default probability experience over a certain period, which is derived from actual credit losses or actual defaults over a one-year period or over a period equal to the average remaining term to maturity of loans, with necessary adjustments for future loss projections and other factors.

For claims originated in certain foreign countries, additional allowances are provided based on an assessment of political and economic conditions of these countries.

All claims are assessed by the relevant branches and the credit supervision departments in accordance with the internal standards for self-assessment of asset quality. The credit review department, which is independent from those operating sections, subsequently audits these assessments.

For claims on bankrupt borrowers and virtually bankrupt borrowers, the amount of claims exceeding the estimated value of collateral and guarantees, which is deemed uncollectible, is written off. The total amount of write-offs was ¥216,625 million (¥246,542 million as of March 31, 2022).

Consolidated subsidiaries not adopting the procedures stated above provide for allowances based on their historical credit loss experience or other factors for collectively assessed claims and based on individual assessments of the possibility of collection for specific deteriorated claims.

–15–

(Additional information)

(Allowance for credit losses of certain overseas subsidiaries which apply Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”))

Certain overseas subsidiaries which apply U.S. GAAP have adopted U.S. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, “Financial Instruments—Credit losses,” provide for allowance for credit losses by estimating credit losses currently expected for the remaining term of the relevant contract. Expected credit losses are calculated collectively for each portfolio of loans with similar risk characteristics based on the loss rates derived from past credit loss experience or bankruptcy experience through the application of a model that incorporates future forecast information, such as macroeconomic variables, into the probability of bankruptcy, etc. In addition, adjustments are made in the calculation of allowance for credit losses for qualitative factors relating to current conditions and future forecasts which may not be sufficiently captured in such model but should be appropriately taken into account. Future uncertainties due to the impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine situation are factored into estimates for the credit loss provisioning through such adjustments based on macroeconomic variables and/or qualitative factors.

With respect to loan assets with deteriorated credit risk that are deemed not to entail risks in common with other loan assets, allowance for credit losses is recognized individually for each loan asset based on risks that are particular to the asset. This credit loss provisioning is done through certain methodologies, including calculating the difference between the carrying amount of the loan asset and the amount of estimated cash flows from the loan asset discounted by the effective interest rate as well as using the fair value of the collateral for the loan asset.

Reserve for bonuses, which is provided for future bonus payments to employees, is recorded in the amount deemed to have accrued based on the estimated amount of bonuses as of the consolidated balance sheet date.

Reserve for bonuses to directors, which is provided for future bonus payments to directors, is recorded in the amount deemed to have accrued based on the estimated amount of bonuses as of the consolidated balance sheet date.

–16–

Reserve for stocks payment, which is provided for future payments of compensation under the stock compensation plan for directors and officers of MUFG and certain domestic consolidated subsidiaries, is recorded in the amount deemed to have accrued based on the estimated amount of compensation as of the consolidated balance sheet date.

Reserve for retirement benefits to directors, which is provided for future payments of retirement benefits to directors of consolidated subsidiaries, is recorded in the amount deemed to have accrued based on the estimated amount of benefits as of the consolidated balance sheet date.

Reserve for loyalty award credits, which is provided for the future redemption of points awarded to customers through Super IC Cards, etc., is calculated by estimating the amount that will be redeemed in the future based on the monetary amount converted from the awarded but unused points, and is recorded in the appropriate amount as a reserve.

Reserve for contingent losses, which is provided for possible losses from contingent events related to off-balance sheet transactions and various litigation and regulatory matters, is calculated by estimating the impact of such contingent events. This reserve also includes future claims for repayment of excess interest payments on consumer loans that are estimated based on the past repayments, the pending claims and other factors.

Reserves under special laws represent the reserves for contingent liabilities from derivative financial instruments transactions executed for clients, which are recorded in accordance with Article 46-5-1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and Article 175 of the Cabinet Office Ordinance on Financial Instruments Business.

In calculating the amount of benefit obligation, the portion of projected benefit obligation attributed to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 is determined using the benefit formula basis.

Prior service cost is amortized using the straight-line method over a fixed period, primarily over 10 years, within the employees’ average remaining service period.

Net actuarial gains (losses) are amortized using the straight-line method over a fixed period, primarily over 10 years, within the employees’ average remaining service period, primarily beginning in the subsequent fiscal year after such gains (losses) are recognized.

For certain overseas branches of domestic consolidated subsidiaries and certain consolidated subsidiaries, net defined benefit liability and retirement benefit expenses are calculated using the simplified method.

–17–

Revenues arising from contracts with customers are recognized in the consolidated statements of income based on the status of fulfillment of the performance obligations identified in each contract, depending on the actual nature of the transactions under the contract.

Revenue arising from contracts with customers is recognized using a method that is designed to closely reflect economic reality, with the timing of fulfillment of performance obligations, which is an important factor in determining the timing of revenue recognition, assessed as described below.

In most cases, the consideration for transactions is settled in cash at the time of the transaction. In other cases, receivables recognized in connection with transactions are generally collected within one year.

Of the fees and commissions, those on remittances and transfers consist mainly of remittance and transfer fees and are recognized as revenue at the time of settlement.

Of the fees and commissions, those on deposits consist mainly of ATM usage fees and periodic account management service fees. ATM usage fees are recognized as revenue at the time of execution of transactions, and periodic account management service fees are recorded as revenue over the service period.

Of the fees and commissions, those on loans consist mainly of the consideration for administration and management services during the tenors of syndicated loans and the consideration for financial advice to clients, and are recorded as revenue over the service period.

Of the fees and commissions, those on trust-related services consist mainly of the consideration for shareholder registry administration services for issuers of stocks, real estate brokerage and appraisal services, and succession services including preparation, maintenance and execution of wills and inheritance management. These fees and commissions are recognized as revenue at the time when the services are provided.

Of the fees and commissions, those on securities-related services consist mainly of fees related to sales and transfers of securities including investment trust, underwriting, brokerage and advisory services, fees related to securitization, and agent fees related to calculation and payment of dividends. Fees on securities-related services are recorded as revenue over the relevant service period. Fees arising from securities-related services that are consumed by a client at a point in time (e.g., sales and transfers of securities executed under the direction of clients, underwriting or securitization of bonds and equity securities which is completed on the date of the transaction, provision of advice to clients, and calculation and payment to investors of dividends) are recognized as revenue at such point in time. Fees arising from securities-related services that are used by a client at equal intervals over the service period (e.g., retainer fees for M&A advisory services) are recognized as revenue over such service period. Fees to be paid when a particular performance target is achieved (e.g., success fees for M&A advisory services) are recognized as revenue at the time when such performance target is achieved.

Of the fees and commissions, those on credit card business consist mainly of credit card merchant fees and royalty fees from franchised merchants. Merchant fees are recorded as revenue at the time when the credit sale data is received, and royalty fees from franchised merchants are recorded as revenue over the service period.

Of the fees and commissions, those on administration and management services for investment funds and investment advisory services arise mainly from asset management and investment advisory services and consist of asset management fees, success fees and investment advisory fees related to investment trusts. Asset management fees and investment advisory fees are recognized as revenue in the amount MUFG is entitled to charge based on the balance of assets under management as MUFG’s performance obligations are satisfied over the service period. Performance-based success fees are recognized as revenue at the time when performance targets are met and it is deemed highly likely that there will be no material reversal of the recognized revenue.

Trust fees consist mainly of fees on administration and management of trust assets and are recognized as revenue in the amount MUFG is entitled to charge based generally on the balance of assets under management for each trust or the performance of each trust account for an accounting period as MUFG’s performance obligations are satisfied over the service period.

–18–

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies or booked at overseas branches of domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries and domestic consolidated trust banking subsidiaries are translated into yen primarily at exchange rates prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date, except for investments in non-consolidated affiliates which are translated into yen at exchange rates prevailing at the acquisition dates.

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies of other consolidated subsidiaries are translated into yen at exchange rates prevailing at the respective balance sheet date.

(As lessees)

Domestic consolidated subsidiaries’ finance leases other than those that are deemed to transfer the ownership of leased property to the lessees are accounted for in a similar way to purchases, and depreciation of lease assets is computed using the straight-line method over the lease term with zero residual value unless residual value is guaranteed by the corresponding lease contracts, in which case the residual value equals the guaranteed amount.

(As lessors)

Finance leases other than those that are deemed to transfer the ownership of leased property to the lessees are accounted for in a similar way to sales and income and expenses related to such leases are recognized by allocating interest equivalents to applicable fiscal periods instead of recording sales as “Other ordinary income.

Domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries and domestic consolidated trust banking subsidiaries have adopted the deferred hedge accounting method for hedging transactions to hedge interest rate risks arising from financial assets and liabilities, except for certain transactions qualifying for special hedge accounting treatment of interest rate swaps. Portfolio hedging or individual hedging, as described in the Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“JICPA”) Industry Committee Practical Guidelines No. 24, “Treatment of Accounting and Auditing of Application of Accounting Standard for Financial Instruments in Banking Industry” (March 17, 2022), and JICPA Accounting Committee Report No. 14, “Practical Guidelines for Accounting for Financial Instruments” (January 31, 2000), is primarily applied to determine hedged items.

With respect to hedging transactions to offset fluctuations in the fair value of fixed rate deposits, loans and other instruments, hedging instruments (e.g., interest rate swaps) are designated to hedged items individually or collectively by their maturities in accordance with JICPA Industry Committee Practical Guidelines No. 24. With respect to hedging transactions to offset fluctuations in the fair value of fixed rate bonds classified as available-for-sale securities, hedging instruments (e.g., interest rate swaps) are designated to hedged items collectively by the type of bond. Since material terms related to hedged items and hedging instruments are substantially identical, and such hedging transactions are deemed highly effective, the assessment of effectiveness is based on the similarity of the terms.

With respect to hedging transactions to fix the cash flows of forecasted transactions related to floating rate deposits, loans and other instruments as well as forecasted transactions related to short-term fixed rate deposits, loans and other instruments, hedging instruments (e.g., interest rate swaps) are designated to hedged items collectively by interest rate indices and tenors in accordance with JICPA Industry Committee Practical Guidelines No. 24. Since material terms related to hedged items and hedging instruments are substantially identical, and such hedging transactions are deemed highly effective, the assessment of effectiveness is based on the similarity of the terms. The effectiveness of hedging transactions is also assessed by the correlation between factors that cause fluctuations in interest rates of hedged items and those of hedging instruments.

–19–

Domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries and domestic consolidated trust banking subsidiaries have adopted the deferred hedge accounting method for hedging foreign currency risks arising from financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, except for certain transactions qualifying for the allocation method applicable to forward exchange contracts and other contracts. Portfolio hedging is applied to determine hedged items as described in JICPA Industry Committee Practical Guidelines No. 25 “Treatment of Accounting and Auditing concerning Accounting for Foreign Currency Transactions in the Banking Industry” (October 8, 2020). Hedging instruments (e.g., currency swaps and forward exchange contracts) are designated to hedged items collectively by currencies.

Portfolio hedging or individual hedging is applied to hedge foreign currency risks arising from equity investments in foreign subsidiaries and foreign affiliates and from available-for-sale securities (other than bonds) denominated in foreign currencies. Monetary claims and liabilities denominated in the same foreign currencies or forward exchange contracts are used as hedging instruments. As for the hedge accounting method applied to equity investments in foreign subsidiaries and foreign affiliates, foreign currency translation differences arising from hedging instruments are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments. The fair value hedge accounting method is applied to available-for-sale securities (other than bonds) denominated in foreign currencies.

Individual hedging is applied to hedge market fluctuation risks arising from strategic equity securities held by domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries and domestic consolidated trust banking subsidiaries. Instruments such as total return swaps are used as hedging instruments. The effectiveness of hedging transactions is assessed by the correlation between changes in the fair value of hedged items and changes in the fair value of hedging instruments. The fair value hedge accounting method is applied.

Derivative transactions including interest rate swaps and currency swaps which are designated as hedging instruments among consolidated subsidiaries or between trading accounts and other accounts (or among internal sections) are not eliminated from the consolidated statements of income or valuation difference, but are recognized as related gains or losses or deferred under hedge accounting because these derivative transactions meet non-arbitrariness and certain other criteria under JICPA Industry Committee Practical Guidelines No. 24 and No. 25 and are regarded as equivalent to external third-party cover transactions.

Goodwill was primarily amortized using the straight-line method over 20 years beginning in the period of the acquisition. Other goodwill with insignificant balance was amortized as incurred.

Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of cash flows are defined as “Cash and due from banks” on the consolidated balance sheet.

National and local consumption taxes are primarily excluded from transaction amounts of MUFG and its domestic consolidated subsidiaries. Non-deductible portions of consumption taxes on the purchases of tangible fixed assets are expensed when incurred.

MUFG and some of its domestic consolidated subsidiaries have adopted the group tax sharing system.

–20–

Bills discounted and rediscounted are accounted for as financial trading in accordance with JICPA Industry Committee Practical Guidelines No. 24

If the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) or the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), such financial statements are used in the consolidated accounting process.

If the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in each domicile country and not in accordance with IFRS or U.S. GAAP, the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are mainly rearranged in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Adjustments are also made when necessary in the consolidated accounting process.

–21–

Significant Accounting Estimates

We have banking subsidiaries including MUFG Bank, Ltd. (“the Bank”), and they are engaged in lending services as one of our core businesses. To absorb probable losses resulting from decreases in or elimination of the value of assets such as loan receivables due to deterioration in the financial condition of parties to which loans and other forms of credit have been extended (the risk of incurring such losses being referred to as “credit risk” within the MUFG Group), an allowance for credit losses is recorded according to the calculation process prescribed in our internal policies. The amount of allowance for credit losses recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the current fiscal year is 1,245,727 million yen (1,222,162 million yen as of March 31, 2022).

The allowance for credit losses is determined in accordance with predetermined internal policies and approved by the Credit Committee under the Executive Committee. In addition, independent credit audit departments audit the evaluation results as described in “(6) Allowance for credit losses” under “IV. Accounting policies” under “1. Significant Accounting Policies Applied to the Consolidated Financial Statements.”

There is uncertainty in the estimates and significant assumptions used in calculating the allowance for credit losses. In particular, future developments concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine situation, which are expected to impact our borrowers’ operating environment and the economic environment, remain subject to significant uncertainty. Accordingly, we make certain assumptions, including that while some effects of the COVID-19 pandemic would remain, restrictions on economic activity would be relaxed globally, resulting in alleviation of the economic impact, and that the business environment would remain uncertain due to the Russia-Ukraine situation. The recorded allowance represents our best estimate made in a manner designed to ensure objectivity and rationality.

(Allowance for credit losses of our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries)

The process of calculating the allowance for credit losses for the Bank and its domestic consolidated subsidiaries, our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries, involves various estimates such as determination of borrower credit ratings which are based on evaluation and classification of borrowers’ debt-service capacity, assessment of the value of collateral provided by borrowers, and adjustments for future loss projections and other factors to the loss rates calculated based on historical credit loss experience. For details of the allowance calculation method, refer to “(6) Allowance for credit losses” under “IV. Accounting policies” under “1. Significant Accounting Policies Applied to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” The amount of allowance for credit losses and the loan balance of the Bank, our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiary, recorded in the Bank’s balance sheet as of the end of the current fiscal year, are 641,107 million yen and 97,127,749 million yen, respectively (650,033 million yen and 90,421,234 million yen, respectively as of March 31, 2022).

In order to make appropriate borrower classification determinations, our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries use a credit rating system that is consistent with the borrower classification as a uniform standard for evaluating credit risk. As a general rule, internal credit ratings are assigned to all customers to which we extend credit and their transactions. Among our internal credit ratings, the borrower ratings for non-financial business corporations and certain other borrowers are assigned based on our evaluation of their debt-service capacity over the next 3 to 5 years on a 15-rating scale. Our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries assign internal credit ratings to borrowers based on qualitative factors such as the current and expected future business environment of the industry to which borrowers belong as well as their management and funding risks in addition to quantitative financial evaluations through an analysis of their financial results. In this regard, our internal credit ratings may be highly dependent on estimation of borrowers’ future performance and business sustainability in case they experience poor business performance or financial difficulties. In particular, the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine situation have had significant impacts on the financial position and operating results of some borrowers of our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries. Estimates relating to these borrowers’ future performance and business sustainability are affected by changes in their external and internal business environment and are accordingly subject to a high degree of uncertainty.

–22–

The Bank, our principal consolidated domestic banking subsidiary, determines loss rates primarily by calculating a rate of loss based on a historical average of the credit loss rate or a historical average of the default probability derived from actual credit loss experience or actual bankruptcy experience and making necessary adjustments based on future projections and other factors. The Bank makes such adjustments based on future loss projections and other factors to loss rates calculated based on historical loss experience when and to the extent such adjustments are necessary, by taking into account the rate of increase in the credit loss rate or the default probability in a more recent period, additional expected losses, and other factors, especially in light of the uncertain business environment primarily due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine situation. The amount of impact of these adjustments recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the current fiscal year is 69,569 million yen (77,572 million yen as of March 31, 2022).

Since these adjustments based on future loss projections and other factors to loss rates calculated based on historical loss experience, which are made to reflect the credit risk for loans and other assets held as of the end of the fiscal year, are based on estimation relating to the economic environment with respect to which objective data are not readily available, such estimates are subject to a high degree of uncertainty.

The internal credit ratings are reviewed at least once a year. Estimates relating to borrowers’ future performance and business sustainability, which we consider to be significant assumptions, may be reviewed in light of changes in borrowers’ creditworthiness due to changes in their financial condition and in the relevant industry environment. As a result, the allowance for credit losses may significantly increase or decrease in the following fiscal year if the overall credit risk of our principal domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries is deemed to have increased or decreased.

Adjustments based on future loss projections and other factors to loss rates calculated based on historical loss experience, which we consider to be significant assumptions, are based on estimation relating to the economic environment with respect to which objective data are not readily available. These assumptions change to reflect developments in the economic environment, and changes in the assumptions may result in a significant increase or decrease in the allowance for credit losses in the following fiscal year.

(Allowance for credit losses of certain overseas subsidiaries which apply Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”))

Certain overseas subsidiaries which apply U.S. GAAP have adopted ASC Topic 326, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” and provide for allowance for credit losses by estimating credit losses currently expected over the remaining contractual term of the financial assets. For details of the allowance provision method, refer to Additional Information in “(6) Allowance for credit losses” under “IV. Accounting policies” under “1. Significant Accounting Policies Applied to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” The amount of allowance for credit losses and the loan balance recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the current fiscal year with respect to our principal overseas subsidiaries that apply U.S. GAAP are 455,625 million yen and 6,773,525 million yen, respectively (430,156 million yen and 14,937,312 million yen, respectively as of March 31, 2022).

Expected credit losses of our principal overseas subsidiaries that apply U.S. GAAP are calculated for each portfolio of loans with similar risk characteristics using a quantitative model that reflects economic forecast scenarios based on macroeconomic variables. Macroeconomic variables include the unemployment rate, GDP and other inputs, which correlate with historical credit losses. The subsidiaries use multiple economic forecast scenarios in light of the uncertainty in such scenarios and consider such scenarios by applying certain weightings. Various factors, such as the latest economic environment and the views of internal and external economists, are taken into account in the determination of the macroeconomic variables reflected in such economic forecast scenarios and the weightings applied to each economic forecast scenario. In this regard, the estimates made in determining such macroeconomic variables reflected in multiple economic forecast scenarios and the weightings applied to each economic forecast scenario are subject to a high degree of uncertainty due to the heightened volatility and uncertainty in future economic conditions arising mainly from the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine situation.

–23–

The calculated amount of expected credit losses is adjusted for qualitative factors to compensate for expected credit losses that are not reflected in a quantitative model. The subsidiaries not only apply economic assumptions to macroeconomic variables reflected in a quantitative model but also make qualitative adjustments. As a result, the estimates made in making such qualitative adjustments are similarly subject to a high degree of uncertainty.

The determination of macroeconomic variables reflected in multiple economic forecast scenarios and the weightings applied to each economic forecast scenario and the qualitative adjustments are based on estimation relating to the economic environment with respect to which objective data are not readily available. These assumptions change to reflect developments in the economic environment, and changes in the assumptions may result in a significant increase or decrease in the allowance for credit losses in the following fiscal year.

As part of its strategic measures designed to become the world’s most trusted financial group, the MUFG Group enters into acquisitions, equity investments and capital alliances on a global basis. Any goodwill arising from these business combination transactions is recorded in the consolidated balance sheet.

Such acquisitions, equity investments and capital alliances may result in the MUFG Group’s inability to achieve the synergies and other benefits anticipated by the MUFG Group due to unexpected changes in the industry to which the acquiree, investee or alliance partner belongs and other factors or in an impairment of such goodwill, adversely affecting the MUFG Group’s business strategy, financial position and operating results.

The amount of goodwill recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the current fiscal year is 252,009 million yen (271,353 million yen as of March 31, 2022), of which 180,273 million yen (177,862 million yen as of March 31, 2022) was recorded in connection with the acquisition of First Sentier Investors (“FSI”).

The recorded balance of goodwill is subject to identification of an indication of impairment (an event indicating the possibility of impairment of a group of assets including goodwill) and recognition and measurement of impairment loss in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Impairment of Fixed Assets (Business Accounting Council, August 9, 2002) and other standards and with predetermined internal policies. In addition, such identification of indications of impairment and recognition and measurement of impairment loss are tested for appropriateness in accordance with predetermined internal policies and other regulations. The estimates and significant assumptions made in identifying indications of impairment of the goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of FSI, which accounts for a substantial portion of the balance of goodwill held by the MUFG Group, are subject to uncertainty. The recorded goodwill represents our best estimate made in a manner designed to ensure objectivity and rationality.

Identification of indications of impairment of goodwill and recognition and measurement of impairment loss are performed on the basis of a larger unit consisting of the group of assets relating to the business to which the goodwill is allocated and such goodwill.

The MUFG Group determines whether any indication of impairment exists based on the characteristics of an asset group in accordance with certain established criteria.

The goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of FSI, which accounts for a substantial portion of the balance of goodwill held by the MUFG Group, is reported in the amount based on the determination as to the existence of an indication of impairment and valuation performed on FSI as a single asset group.

–24–

To identify an indication of impairment, we determine based on certain established criteria whether FSI’s future profits for a certain period projected by considering FSI’s latest business plan have declined to a level where the investment may not be recoverable due to such decline in the profitability. In addition, to determine whether any indication of impairment exists, we analyze whether FSI has reported net operating losses after amortization of goodwill for two consecutive reporting periods and whether there are factors that cause the recoverability of the investment in FSI to significantly diminish, including deterioration in the stock indices in the stock market, a decline in the balance of FSI’s assets in custody, and the attrition rate of key fund managers.

For the current fiscal year, we identified no event indicating impairment and determined that no indication of impairment existed.

With respect to goodwill with an identified indication of impairment, impairment loss is not recognized if the carrying amount, before impairment loss, of the group of assets relating to the business to which the goodwill is allocated plus the carrying amount of the goodwill is smaller than the total amount of undiscounted future cash flows derived from the larger unit including the goodwill (hereinafter referred to as “undiscounted future cash flows”). If the aggregate carrying amount exceeds the amount of undiscounted future cash flows, the difference is recognized as impairment loss to the extent that it does not exceed the balance of the goodwill.

Identification of indications of impairment and estimation of undiscounted future cash flows necessarily involve judgment and often incorporate significant estimates and assumptions.

Forecasts relating to projected profits used to identify an indication of impairment of the goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of FSI, which accounts for a substantial portion of the balance of goodwill held by the MUFG Group, are based on significant estimates, and such estimates are based on assumptions. The primary assumptions include the growth rate of the business based on current and past facts and operating results, and the growth rate of the market and the overall economy in the future.

The MUFG Group believe that the primary assumptions used to identify indications of goodwill impairment as of the end of the current fiscal year are reasonable. However, changes in the primary assumptions used in the identification of indications of impairment due to unforeseeable future changes in assumptions relating to the business may have a material impact on recognition of any impairment loss and measurement of the amount of impairment loss for the following fiscal year.

The MUFG Group engages in a large number of various derivative transactions in connection with the business of providing foreign exchange, financing and securities services to customers as well as market transactions and liquidity and funding management operations. For details of the fair value of derivative transactions grouped by transaction type, refer to “II. Matters concerning fair value of financial instruments and breakdown by input level” under “8. Financial Instruments.”

The fair value of derivative transactions is calculated in accordance with the policies and procedures for the calculation of fair value and the procedures for the use of fair value valuation models set forth in predetermined internal policies. The estimates and significant assumptions made in calculating the fair value of derivative transactions are subject to uncertainty. The recorded fair value represents our best estimate made in a manner designed to ensure objectivity and rationality and subject to internal controls. For details of the processes for calculating the fair value of derivative transactions, refer to “(Note 1) Description of the valuation techniques and inputs used to determine fair value” to “II. Matters concerning fair value of financial instruments and breakdown by input level” under “8. Financial Instruments.”

–25–

The fair value of exchange-traded derivative transactions is based on the price posted by exchanges. The fair value of over-the-counter derivative transactions is based on the discounted present value or amount calculated under the option-price calculation model. The valuation models are tested from a market consistency perspective. However, the estimates and assumptions used in such models necessarily involve judgment and are subject to complexity and uncertainty. For details of the calculation method, refer to “(Note 1) Description of the valuation techniques and inputs used to determine fair value” to “II. Matters concerning fair value of financial instruments and breakdown by input level” under “8. Financial Instruments.”

Inputs used in valuation models include inputs that can be observed directly or indirectly in the market such as foreign currency exchange rates, yield curves, volatility, credit curves and stock prices, as well as inputs that cannot be observed in the market such as correlation coefficients and other significant estimates. The MUFG Group classifies the fair value of financial instruments into three levels depending on the observability and significance of the input used in the fair value calculation. In particular, the estimates and assumptions made in the valuation of derivative transactions classified into level 3, where inputs that cannot be observed in the market are used as a material basis for the calculated fair value, are subject to significant complexity and uncertainty. For details of such inputs, refer to “(1) Quantitative information on significant unobservable inputs” under “(Note 2) Quantitative information about financial assets and liabilities measured and presented on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value and classified in Level 3” to “II. Matters concerning fair value of financial instruments and breakdown by input level” under “8. Financial Instruments.”

The MUFG Group have determined that the fair value of derivatives transactions is reasonable after conducting testing. However, the significant assumptions used to calculate the fair value are subject to uncertainty. In particular, the estimates and assumptions made in the valuation of the fair value of derivative transactions classified into Level 3 are subject to significant complexity and uncertainty. The fair value of derivative transactions held by the MUFG Group may fluctuate as a result of changes in inputs used for valuation due to changes in the market environment and other factors. For details of the sensitivity of the fair value to changes in inputs, refer to “(4) Description of the sensitivity of the fair value to changes in significant unobservable inputs” under “(Note 2) Quantitative information about financial assets and liabilities measured and presented on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value and classified in Level 3” to “II. Matters concerning fair value of financial instruments and breakdown by input level” under “8. Financial Instruments.”

In the loan business of the MUFG Group, there are loan products that were contracted on or before June 17, 2007, bearing interest which exceeds the maximum interest rate permitted under the Interest Rate Restriction Act. In the event that customers of the MUFG Group assert liability based on the maximum permitted interest rate and demand debt waivers or repayment of excess payments, we may waive such debt or repay such payments. To absorb probable losses resulting from such customer demand, an allowance for repayment of excess interest is recorded in an amount estimated to be appropriate based on an analysis of historical repayment experience and recent repayment trends.

The amount of allowance for repayment of excess interest included in the allowance for contingent losses recorded in our consolidated financial statements as of the end of the current fiscal year is 69,828 million yen(107,308 million yen as of March 31, 2022).

The allowance for repayment of excess interest is calculated in accordance with predetermined internal policies. There is uncertainty in the estimates and significant assumptions used in calculating the allowance for repayment of excess interest. The recorded allowance represents our best estimate made in a manner designed to ensure objectivity and rationality and subject to internal controls. In addition, with respect to such estimates, the MUFG Group evaluates the discrepancies between estimates and actual results on a quarterly basis and examine whether any additional provision for or reversal of allowance is appropriate.

–26–

To absorb probable losses resulting from future claims for repayment of excess interest payments, we reasonably estimate the amount of claims by preparing forecasts based on an analysis of historical repayment experience, recent repayment trends and other factors. In making such estimate, we calculate a forecasted repayment claim amount for a certain future period by preparing forecasts of the number of future repayment claims and forecasts of the average amount per claim of future repayments based on the actual number of repayment claims received and the average amount per claim of actual repayments made in the past. When preparing forecasts of the number of future repayment claims, which are subject to particularly significant uncertainty, we calculate the expected number of future claims for each law firm and judicial scrivener firm, whose claim trends vary from firm to firm, by applying the filed claim rate which is calculated based on historical experience and is adjusted based on the latest analysis of the relevant environment and the latest trends in the claims filed.

Significant assumptions mainly include forecasts of the number of future repayment claims (the number of future claims expected to be filed by each law firm and judicial scrivener firm) and forecasts of the average amount per claim of future repayments.

Forecasts of the expected number of claims to be filed by, and the average amount per claim of future repayments for, each law firm and judicial scrivener firm are calculated based on historical experience with adjustments to reflect the latest analysis of the relevant environment and the latest trends in the claims filed and thus are considered to be significant assumptions subject to uncertainty inherent in estimates. Accordingly, the amount of provision for repayment of excess interest may significantly increase or decrease in the following fiscal year.

–27–

Changes in Accounting Policies

(Changes in Accounting Policies Due to Revisions to Accounting Standards, etc.)

(Implementation Guidance on Accounting Standard for Fair Value Measurement)

Accounting Standard Board of Japan (“ASBJ”) Implementation Guidance No. 31, “Implementation Guidance on Accounting Standard for Fair Value Measurement” (ASBJ, June 17, 2021) (“Implementation Guidance on Fair Value Measurement”), has been applied from the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. In accordance with the transitional treatment set forth in paragraph 27-2 of the Implementation Guidance on Fair Value Measurement, MUFG has applied new accounting policies based on the Implementation Guidance on Fair Value Measurement prospectively.

There is no impact on our consolidated financial statements as of the end of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 due to the application of this Guidance.

In accordance with transitional measures set forth in Paragraph 27-3 of the Implementation Guidance on Fair Value Measurement, the note regarding quantitative information about investment trusts under “I. Matters concerning fair value, etc. of financial instruments and breakdown by input level” in “8. Financial Instruments” below does not include information for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022.

New Accounting Pronouncements

(Accounting Standard Board of Japan (“ASBJ”) Statement No. 27, “Accounting Standard for Current Income Taxes” (ASBJ, October 28, 2022), ASBJ Statement No. 25, “Accounting Standard for Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (ASBJ, October 28, 2022), and ASBJ Guidance No. 28, “Guidance on Accounting Standard for Tax Effect Accounting” (ASBJ, October 28, 2022))

The new accounting standards and guidance provide for the accounting classification of income taxes on other comprehensive income and for the treatment of the tax effects of sales of shares of subsidiaries when the group corporate taxation system is applied.

The MUFG Group plans to adopt the accounting standards and guidance as of the beginning of the fiscal year starting on April 1, 2024.

The MUFG Group is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the accounting standards and guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Changes in Presentation of Financial Information

(Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Income)

“Refund of income taxes”, which was previously included in “Income taxes” on a net basis for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 is presented separately on a disaggregated basis from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 due to the increased significance in the recorded amount. In order to reflect this change in presentation, the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 have been reclassified.

As a result, “Income taxes” of ¥391,634 million previously presented in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 has been disaggregated and reclassified into “Current” of ¥413,935 million and “Refund” of ¥(22,300) million.

Additional Information

(Transition from the Consolidated Taxation System to the Group Tax Sharing System)

MUFG and some of its domestic consolidated subsidiaries have shifted from the consolidated taxation system to the group tax sharing system from the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. Accordingly, the accounting treatment and disclosure of corporate tax, local corporation tax, and tax-effect accounting are applied and made in accordance with ASBJ Practical Issues Task Force Report No. 42, “Practical Solution on the Accounting and Disclosure under the Group Tax Sharing System” (ASBJ PITF No. 42, August 12, 2021, the “Practical Issues Report No. 42”). Based on paragraph 32(1) of Practical Issues Report No. 42, MUFG has concluded that there is no impact from the changes in its accounting policies resulting from the application of Practical Issues Report No. 42.

–28–

The amount of investments in jointly controlled companies included in the amounts in the above table was as follows:

Securities borrowed under securities borrowing transactions and securities purchased under resale agreements where the borrowers or purchasers have the right to dispose of the securities through sale or re-pledging without any restrictions

Bank acceptance bills discounted, commercial bills discounted, documentary bills discounted and foreign currency bills bought discounted with the right to dispose of the bills discounted through sale or re-pledging without any restrictions

Foreign currency bills bought which were re-discounted upon transfer

–29–

Bankrupt or De facto Bankrupt represents loans to borrowers that are bankrupt or in substantially similar condition due to reasons including a petition being filed to commence bankruptcy, reorganization or rehabilitation proceedings.

Doubtful represents loans to borrowers that are not yet in a state of bankruptcy but that are in deteriorated financial condition, with deteriorated operating results, and with a high likelihood of loan principal and interest not being collected or received in accordance with contractual terms, other than loans included in the Bankrupt or De facto Bankrupt category.

Accruing loans contractually past due 3 months or more represent loans with respect to which principal repayments or interest payments have been past due for 3 months or more, other than loans included in the Bankrupt or De facto Bankrupt category or the Doubtful category.

Restructured loans represent loans that have been modified with concessionary terms, including interest rate reductions, deferral of interest payments, deferral of principal repayments, waivers of loan claims and other renegotiated terms, that are favorable to borrowers, for the purpose of assisting such borrowers in improving their financial condition, other than loans included in the Bankrupt or De facto Bankrupt category, the Doubtful category or the Accruing loans contractually past due 3 months or more category.

Normal represents loans with no particular issues identified in terms of the financial condition and results of operations of borrowers and thus not included in the Bankrupt or De facto Bankrupt category, the Doubtful category, the Accruing loans contractually past due 3 months or more category or the Restructured loan category.

The amounts provided in the table above represent gross amounts before deduction of allowance for credit losses.

–30–

Assets pledged as collateral and their relevant liabilities as of March 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:

In addition to the above, the following assets were pledged as collateral for cash settlements and other transactions or as deposits for margin accounts for futures and other transactions:

Furthermore, the following assets were sold under repurchase agreements or loaned under securities lending transactions with cash collateral as of March 31, 2022 and 2023:

–31–

In addition, the following assets were pledged under general collateral repurchase agreements using the subsequent collateral allocation method as of March 31, 2022 and 2023:

The above table includes certain assets reported in the immediately preceding Item IV.

The total amount of the unused portion does not necessarily represent actual future cash requirements because many of these contracts are expected to expire without being drawn upon. In addition, most of these contracts include clauses that allow MUFG’s consolidated subsidiaries to decline a borrower’s request for disbursement or decrease contracted limits for cause, such as changes in financial market condition or deterioration in a borrower’s creditworthiness. MUFG’s consolidated subsidiaries may request a borrower to pledge real property and/or securities as collateral upon signing of a contract and will perform periodic monitoring on a borrower’s business condition in accordance with internal procedures, which may lead to renegotiation of the terms and conditions of the contracts and/or initiation of a request for additional collateral and/or guarantees.

Dates of revaluation:

Domestic consolidated banking subsidiaries: March 31, 1998.

Domestic consolidated trust banking subsidiaries: March 31, 1998, December 31, 2001 and March 31, 2002.

–32–

The method of revaluation as set forth in Article 3, Paragraph 3 of the Land Revaluation Law:

Fair values are determined based on (1) “published land price under the Land Price Publication Law” stipulated in Article 2-1 of the “Enforcement Ordinance of the Law concerning Revaluation of Land” ( “Ordinance” ) (No. 119, March 31, 1998), (2) “standard land price determined on measurement spots under the Enforcement Ordinance of the National Land Planning Law” stipulated in Article 2-2 of the Ordinance, (3) “land price determined by the method established and published by the Director General of the National Tax Agency in order to calculate land value that is used for determining taxable amounts subject to landholding tax articulated in Article 16 of the Landholding Tax Law” stipulated in Article 2-4 of the Ordinance with price adjustments for shape and time and (4) appraisal by certified real estate appraisers stipulated in Article 2-5 of the Ordinance with price adjustments for time.

In addition, some of MUFG’s affiliates that were accounted for under the equity method conducted a revaluation for land used for business operations on March 31, 2002.

(Litigation)

In the ordinary course of business, MUFG is subject to various litigation and regulatory matters. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, MUFG establishes a Reserve for Contingent Losses arising from litigation and regulatory matters when they are determined to be probable in their occurrences and the probable loss amount can be reasonably estimated. Based upon current knowledge and consultation with counsel, management believes the eventual outcome of such litigation and regulatory matters, where losses are probable and the probable loss amounts can be reasonably estimated, would not have a material adverse effect on MUFG’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Management also believes the amount of loss that is reasonably possible, but not probable, from various litigation and regulatory matters is not material to MUFG’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

–33–

In connection with the planned sale of the shares in MUB, MUFG Americas Holdings Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “MUAH”) recognized an aggregate of ¥952,590 million of losses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, primarily in accordance with ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments—Credit losses,” and ASC Topic 310, “Receivables.” The aggregate losses reflected ¥555,421 million of valuation losses related to securities held for sale recorded as Other operating expenses and ¥400,511 million of valuation losses related to loans held for sale recorded as Other ordinary expenses.

–34–

The components of other comprehensive income for the years ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:

–35–

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022

–36–

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023

None.

The following matters relating to dividends are submitted to shareholder vote at the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held on June 29, 2023

–37–

The amount of “Cash and cash equivalents” is equal to the amount of “Cash and due from banks” on the consolidated balance sheet.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023

Components of the assets and liabilities of MUB, which was deconsolidates as a result of the sale of its shares to U.S. Bancorp (“USB”), at the time of the sale are as follows:

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022

MUAH, which is a consolidated subsidiary of MUFG, completed the sale of a portion of its business to a major U.S. regional bank in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. The components of assets and liabilities decreased due to the sale are as follows:

–38–

Operating leases

Future lease payments, including interest expenses, under non-cancelable operating leases as of March 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:

Future lease receivables, including interest receivables, under non-cancelable operating leases as of March 31, 2022 and 2023 were as follows:

–39–

MUFG provides comprehensive financial services such as deposit-taking and lending services, securities investment and other securities services and foreign exchange services.

In order to prevent these businesses from being negatively affected by fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates and other market conditions, MUFG conducts asset and liability management (“ALM”) by adjusting market exposure and the balance between short-term and long-term assets and liabilities. To do so, among other things, MUFG raises capital from the market and hedges risks through derivative transactions.

MUFG holds various types of financial instruments such as loans, securities, and derivatives and is thus exposed to credit and market risks.

Credit risk is the risk of loss on receivables such as loans due to nonperformance of contractual obligations caused by factors such as deterioration in the financial condition of a borrower.

Market risk mainly arises from changes in domestic and overseas interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and fluctuations in market prices of stocks and bonds. For example, an increase in domestic and overseas interest rates would reduce the value of MUFG’s bond portfolio consisting of government and other bonds, and a rise in yen would reduce the value of foreign-currency-denominated securities and other assets when converted into yen. MUFG also invests in marketable equity securities, and a fall in the market price would decrease the fair value of these securities. As part of MUFG’s trading and ALM activities, MUFG holds derivative products such as interest rate swaps. A significant change in foreign exchange or interest rates may cause a significant fluctuation in the fair value of these derivative products. In conducting derivative transactions for purposes of hedging risks, MUFG hedges against interest rate risks associated with instruments including fixed rate deposits, loans and bonds, floating rate deposits and loans, and forecasted transactions involving fixed rate deposits and loans through designated hedging methods including interest rate swaps. MUFG hedges against exchange rate fluctuation risks associated with instruments such as foreign currency denominated monetary claims and liabilities through designated hedging methods including currency swap transactions and forward exchange contracts. In lieu of effectiveness determination, MUFG designs hedging activities so that the material terms of the designated hedging instruments are almost identical to those of the hedged items. In limited circumstances, the effectiveness of hedging activities is assessed by verification of the correlation between factors that cause fluctuations in interest rates.

MUFG regularly monitors and assesses the credit portfolios of MUFG’s group companies and uses credit rating and asset evaluation and assessment systems to ensure timely and proper evaluation of credit risk.

Within the basic framework of MUFG’s credit risk control system based on MUFG’s credit risk control rules, each group company has established a consolidated and global credit risk control system while MUFG monitors group-wide credit risk. MUFG provides training and advice when necessary in addition to monitoring credit risk management conducted by MUFG’s group companies.

In screening individual transactions and managing credit risk, each major group company has in place a check-and-balance system in which the credit administration section and the business promotion section are kept separate.

MUFG holds regular management committee meetings to ensure full reporting and discussion on important credit risk management and administration matters.

In addition to providing check-and-balance between different functions and conducting management level deliberations, the audit department also undertakes to validate credit operations to ensure appropriate credit administration.

–40–

MUFG has adopted an integrated system to manage market risks associated with market activities for trading purposes (trading activities) and non-trading market activities (banking activities). MUFG monitors group-wide market risk while each of the major group companies has established a market risk management system on a consolidated and global basis.

At each of the major group companies, checks and balances are maintained through a system in which the back office (operating and administrative section) and the middle office (risk control section) operate independently from the front office (market department). As part of risk control by management,the Executive Committee or another appropriate body establishes the framework for the market risk management system and defines responsibilities relating to market operations. MUFG allocates economic capital corresponding to the levels of market risk within the scope of MUFG’s capital base, and establishes quantitative limits on market risk based on the allocated economic capital as well as limits on losses to contain MUFG’s exposure to risks and losses within a certain range.

The status of the group-wide exposure to market risk and compliance with quantitative limits on market risk and losses at each major group company is reported daily to the Chief Risk Officer of MUFG, while the status of each major group company’s exposure to market risk and compliance with quantitative limits on market risk and losses is reported daily to the group company’s risk management officer. MUFG and each major group company conduct comprehensive analyses on risk profiles, including stress testing, and the results are regularly reported to their respective ALM Committees and Corporate Risk Management Committees.

MUFG’s major group companies manage risks by hedging against interest rate and exchange rate fluctuation risks associated with marketable assets and liabilities with various hedging transactions using marketable securities and derivatives as appropriate. With respect to trading account transactions and their administration, MUFG documents the processes and periodically verifies through internal audits that the valuation methods and management of such transactions are appropriate.

Since the daily variation in market risk is significantly greater than that in other types of risks, MUFG measures and manages market risk primarily using the Value at Risk (“VaR”), Value at Idiosyncratic Risk (“VaI”) and other methods.

Market risk for both trading and banking activities (excluding strategic equity securities) is measured using a market risk measurement model. The principal method used for the model is the historical simulation method (Trading activities: holding period — 1 business day; confidence interval — 95%; and observation period — 250 business days) (Banking activities: holding period — 10 business days; confidence interval — 99%; and observation period — 701 business days).

* Market risk can be classified into “general market risk” defined as the risk of suffering loss due to the volatility in the general market trend, and “specific market risk” defined as the risk of suffering loss due to the volatility of specific financial instruments such as debt securities or stocks, independent of the general market trend. The amount of general market risk calculated by a market risk measurement method is called VaR, while the amount of specific market risk is called VaI.

* The historical simulation method calculates the VaR and VaI amount by estimating the profit and loss on the current portfolio by applying actual fluctuations in market rates and prices that occurred over a fixed period in the past. The noted features of the historical simulation method include the ability to directly reflect the characteristics of the market fluctuations and the ability to rigorously measure the risk arising from options. However, VaR and VaI may not be able to ascertain risks when market volatility reaches abnormal levels because they measure market risks with a fixed event probability calculated statistically based on past market changes.

–41–

The amount of consolidated market risk associated with trading activities across the Group was ¥1.1 billion and ¥2.8 billion as of March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

The amount of consolidated market risk associated with banking activities (excluding strategic equity securities) across the Group was ¥582.9 billion and ¥974.0 billion as of March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As appropriate identification of interest rate risk is vital to banking activities (excluding strategic equity securities), the risk is managed based on the following assumptions for appropriate measurement of core deposits and prepayments on loans and deposits.

For a certain portion of the deposits without contractual maturities (so-called core deposits), interest rate risk is recognized by allocating maturities of various terms (no longer than 10 years) according to the features of deposits, taking into account the results of a statistical analysis using data on changes in the balance by product, expected deposit interest rates and other business judgments. The amount of core deposits and the method of allocating maturities are reviewed on a regular basis. Meanwhile, deposits and loans with contractual maturities involve risks associated with premature repayment or cancellation. These risks are reflected in interest rate risks by estimating the ratio of cancellations through a statistical analysis based on factors including interest rate fluctuations and actual repayments and cancellations.

With respect to the strategic equity securities (publicly traded) held by MUFG as of March 31, 2022 and 2023, MUFG estimates that the total market value of such securities would fluctuate by ¥2.4 billion and ¥2.2 billion per one-point change in TOPIX.

–42–

MUFG’s major group companies strive to secure appropriate liquidity in both yen and foreign currencies by managing the sources of funding and liquidity gap, liquidity-supplying products such as commitment lines, as well as buffer assets that help maintain liquidity level.

Specifically, the Board of Directors, etc. provide the framework for liquidity risk management, operate businesses at various stages according to the urgency of funding needs and manage liquidity risk at each such stage. The department responsible for risk management is designed to perform checking functions independent of other departments. The department reports to the ALM Committee, the Risk Management Committee and other appropriate bodies on the results of the performance of its responsibilities such as evaluation of funding urgency and monitoring of compliance with quantitative limits. The department responsible for funding management performs funding and management activities, and regularly reports the current funding status and forecast as well as the current liquidity risk status to the department responsible for risk management and other appropriate bodies such as the ALM Committee.

Since certain assumptions are applied in measuring the fair value of financial instruments, such fair value may vary if different assumptions are used.

The amounts on the consolidated balance sheet, the fair value of financial instruments, the difference between them as well as a breakdown of financial instruments by input level are as follows.

The following tables do not include investment trusts which are accounted for in accordance with Paragraphs 24-3 and 24-9 of ASBJ Implementation Guidance No. 31, “Implementation Guidance on Accounting Standard for Fair Value Measurement” (ASBJ, June 17, 2021) (“Implementation Guidance on Fair Value Measurement”), stocks with no market price, etc. and investments in partnerships and others which are accounted for in accordance with Paragraph 24-16 of the Implementation Guidance on Fair Value Measurement. (See Note (*2) to each of the tables in (1), (Note 3) and (Note 4) below.)

The fair values of financial instruments are classified into the following three levels depending on the observability and significance of the input used in the fair value calculation.

Level 1: Fair value determined based on (unadjusted) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Fair value determined based on directly or indirectly observable inputs other than the Level 1 inputs

Level 3: Fair value determined based on significant unobservable inputs

Where multiple inputs are used with a significant impact on the fair value calculation, the fair value of a financial instrument is classified based on the lowest of the priority levels to which any of those inputs belongs.

–43–

–44–