UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 11-K
(Mark One)
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
OR
For the transition period from ___________ to ______________
Commission file number 0-24960
COVENANT TRANSPORTATION GROUP
401(k) & PROFIT SHARING PLAN
Covenant Logistics Group, Inc.
400 Birmingham Highway
Chattanooga, Tennessee 37419
COVENANT TRANSPORTATION GROUP 401(k)
& PROFIT SHARING PLAN
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Plan Administrator and Plan Participants
Covenant Transportation Group 401(k) & Profit Sharing Plan
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statements of net assets available for benefits of the Covenant Transportation Group 401(k) & Profit Sharing Plan (the “Plan”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related
statements of changes in net assets available for benefits for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in
all material respects, the net assets available for benefits of the Plan as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the changes in net assets available for benefits for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Plan's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered
with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Plan in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Supplemental Information
The supplemental information in the accompanying Schedule of Assets (Held at End of Year) as of December 31, 2022 has been subjected to audit procedures performed in conjunction with the audit of the Plan's financial
statements. The supplemental information is the responsibility of the Plan's management. Our audit procedures included determining whether the supplemental information reconciles to the financial statements
or the underlying accounting and other records, as applicable, and performing procedures to test the completeness and accuracy of the information presented in the supplemental information. In forming our opinion on the supplemental information, we
evaluated whether the supplemental information, including its form and content, is presented in conformity with the Department of Labor's Rules and Regulations for Reporting and Disclosure under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
In our opinion, the supplemental information is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the financial statements as a whole.
/s/ Coulter & Justus, P.C.
We have served as the Plan’s auditor since 2020.
June 28, 2023
Knoxville, Tennessee
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Covenant Transportation Group 401(k) & Profit Sharing
Plan (the “Plan”), in preparing its financial statements:
The accompanying financial statements of the Plan have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting and present the net assets
available for benefits and changes in those net assets.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of net assets available for benefits and changes therein, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Investments in cash, mutual funds, common stock, and the collective trusts are stated at fair value.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses are included in net appreciation in fair value of investments in the statement of changes in
net assets available for benefits. Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade date basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis.
The Plan records participant loans as notes receivable from participants. They are valued at the unpaid principal balances plus accrued
interest. Delinquent notes receivable from participants are reclassified as distributions based upon the terms of the plan document.
Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Related fees are recorded as administrative expenses and are expensed when they are
incurred. No allowance for credit losses was recorded as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Plan management has evaluated events and transactions that occurred between December 31, 2022 and the issuance of the report for
possible recognition or disclosure in the financial statements.
The following description of the Plan provides only general information. Participants should refer to the plan document for a more
complete description of the Plan’s provisions.
The Plan is a defined contribution plan that covers substantially all employees of Covenant Logistics Group, Inc., and certain
subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). The Plan provides for retirement savings to qualified active participants through both participant and Company contributions and is subject to certain provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974 (ERISA). Employees are eligible to participate in the Plan at the beginning of a calendar month after the completion of six months of service. The Plan does not include auto enrollment.
Contributions to the Plan may be made by both participants and the Company. Participants may contribute both pre-tax and after-tax Roth
contributions up to a maximum of 85% of their annual compensation subject to the limitations of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 415(c)(3). The Company may make discretionary matching contributions to the Plan not to exceed 6% of each
participant’s compensation and may make other types of discretionary contributions. Annual additions to a participant’s account during any plan year, when combined with the total annual additions to the accounts of the participant under any other
qualified defined contribution plan maintained by the Company, cannot exceed certain levels established under IRC Section 402(g). The Company made matching contributions equal to 50% of each participant’s contribution up to 5% of the participant’s
cash compensation during 2022.
The plan document requires that the assets of the Plan be accounted for separately as to participant and Company contributions and
valued daily, allocating to each participant his or her share of income and losses. Company voluntary contributions are allocated to all eligible participants based on the participants’ contributions for the period. Participant accounts may be
invested in one or more of the investment funds available under the Plan at the direction of the participant. As of December 31, 2022, there are various mutual fund and collective trust fund options as well as the Covenant Transportation Group,
Inc. 401(k) Unitized Stock Fund (“Unitized CVTI Fund”) option.
The Unitized CVTI Fund invests principally in the common stock of Covenant Logistics Group, Inc. and holds cash or liquid short term
investments to allow participants to buy or sell units in the fund without the usual trade period for stock transactions. Typically, the Unitized CVTI Fund holds three percent of its value in cash or liquid short-term investments. Participants may
elect to transfer all or a portion of their balances in the Unitized CVTI Fund to any of the various fund alternatives at any time. Each participant is entitled to exercise voting rights attributable to the Company common stock allocated to his or
her account and is notified by the State Street Bank & Trust Company (the “Trustee”) prior to the time that such rights are to be exercised.
Subject to approval, a participant can secure a loan from the Plan against his/her account balance for a minimum of $1,000 up to the
lesser of 50% of the vested account balance or $50,000. Loans may generally be repaid over one to five years. Loans must be repaid through automatic payroll deductions unless otherwise provided for by the plan administrator. A participant may only
have one loan outstanding at a time. The interest rate is the prime rate plus 1% and is fixed over the life of the loan. Individuals with loans may choose to continue to participate in the Plan.
Upon retirement, death, disability, or termination of service, a participant (or participant’s beneficiary in the event of death) may
elect to receive a lump-sum distribution equal to the value of the participant’s vested account balance.
Benefits are recorded when paid.
The Plan permits distributions in the event of a hardship once a participant furnishes proof of hardship, as defined in the plan
agreement. These distributions are taxable and subject to a tax penalty equal to 10% of the hardship distribution amount if the participant is younger than 59 ½. Hardship withdrawals are limited to the participant’s elective account balance.
Participants with a hardship withdrawal are not allowed to make contributions to the Plan for six months after the withdrawal.
Participants are immediately vested in their contributions and the investment earnings (losses) thereon. Participants vest 100% in
Company contributions after three years of credited service.
Amounts forfeited by participants who terminate from the Plan prior to being 100% vested are applied first, to restore participant
accounts when a participant is rehired after a break in service, as defined in the plan document, then to pay plan expenses or to reduce subsequent Company contributions to the Plan. Participants forfeited $185,307 during 2022. During 2022,
$155,192 was utilized to reduce Company contributions. Forfeitures of $64,162 and $21,148 were unallocated at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Amounts payable to participants totaling $234,564 and $32,779 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for contributions in excess
or amounts allowed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are recorded as a liability with a corresponding reduction to cash contributions. The Plan distributed the 2022 and 2021 excess contributions to the applicable participants prior to March 15,
2023 and 2022, respectively.
Certain expenses of maintaining the Plan are paid directly by the Company and are excluded from these financial statements. Plan
service fees (Note 3), participant account maintenance charges, and fees related to the processing of distributions and the administration of notes receivable from participants are charged directly to the respective participants’ accounts and are
included in administrative expenses.
While it is the Company’s intention to continue the Plan, the Company has the right under the Plan Document to discontinue its
contributions at any time and to terminate the Plan subject to the provisions of ERISA and the plan agreement. In the event of the Plan’s termination, participants will become 100% vested in their accounts.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Plan held investments in bank accounts, collective trust funds, and money market accounts sponsored
by the Trustee or affiliated entities with fair values totaling $121,473 and $251,266, respectively. The Plan also held shares of a unitized stock fund that includes Covenant Logistics Group, Inc. common stock with fair values
of $2,995,664 and $5,372,270 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Plan also held notes receivables from participants with interest rates ranging from 4.25% to 8.00% with a fair value of $1,429,370 and $1,674,855 as of December 31, 2022
and 2021, respectively. All administrative fees of the Plan were paid to parties-in-interest.
Transamerica Retirement Solutions Corporation (TRSC) provides certain administrative services for the Plan pursuant to a Pension
Services Agreement (“Agreement”). TRSC receives revenue from investment plan service fees charged to participants’ accounts as specified in the Agreement. This revenue is used to offset certain amounts owed to TRSC for its administrative services
to the Plan (i.e. required revenue). Any excess of the plan service fees above the required revenue, as defined in the Agreement, is held in an unallocated Expense Budget Account and may be used to pay other plan related expenses approved by the
Company’s management or can be allocated to participants at the end of the year at the discretion of the Company’s management.
Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined
based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, fair value accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy
that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any
input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for asset measurement measured at fair value. There have been no
changes in the methodologies used at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
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(i)
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Cash: Valued at its outstanding balance as reported by the Trustee.
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The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of
future fair values. Furthermore, while the Plan's management believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine fair value of certain
financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
The following table summarizes investments for which the fair value is measured using the NAV per share practical expedient as of December 31, 2022 and
2021, respectively.
The Company adopted a volume submitter plan, which received a favorable opinion letter from the IRS on June 30, 2020, which stated that
the volume submitter plan was designed in accordance with the applicable sections of the IRC. The Plan itself has not received a determination letter from the IRS stating that the Plan is qualified under Section 401(a) of the IRC. However, the plan
administrator believes that the adopted volume submitter plan is designed, as amended, and is currently being operated in compliance with the applicable requirements of the IRC and is therefore, qualified and exempt from taxation.
U.S. GAAP requires plan management to evaluate tax positions taken by the Plan and recognize a tax liability (or asset) if the Plan has
taken an uncertain position that more likely than not would not be sustained upon examination by the IRS. The plan administrator has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Plan, and has concluded that as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there are no
uncertain positions taken or expected to be taken that would require recognition of a liability (or asset) or disclosure in the financial statements. The Plan is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions; however, there are currently no
audits for any tax periods in progress.
The Plan invests in various investment securities. Investment securities are exposed to various risks such as interest rate, market
volatility and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in the values of investment securities will occur in the near term and that such changes could
materially affect participants’ account balances and the amounts reported in the financial statements and supplemental schedule.
Plan management has evaluated the effects of events that have occurred subsequent to December 31, 2022 through the issuance of these
financial statements and have identified no subsequent events which require reporting or disclosure in these financial statements.
*Indicates Party-In-Interest to the Plan.
Note: Cost information has not been included in column (d) because all investments are participant directed.
SIGNATURE
The Plan. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
trustees (or other persons who administer the employee benefit plan) have duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS