Item 5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.
Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law, or DGCL, provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against
expenses (including
attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed
actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer,
employee or agent to the Registrant. The DGCL provides that Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking
indemnification may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. The
Registrant’s by-laws provides for indemnification by the Registrant of its directors, officers and employees to the fullest
extent permitted by the DGCL. The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its current directors and
executive officers to provide these directors and executive officers additional contractual assurances regarding the scope of the
indemnification set forth in the Registrant’s certificate of incorporation and by-laws and to provide additional procedural
protections. There is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or executive officer of the Registrant for which
indemnification is sought.
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a
corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to
the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for
any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good
faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful
stock purchases, redemptions or other distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit. The Registrant’s certificate of incorporation provides for such limitation of liability.
The Registrant maintains standard policies
of insurance under which coverage is provided to its directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason of breach
of duty or other wrongful act.
Item 9. Undertakings.
(a) The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i) To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set
forth in this Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if
the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high
end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule
424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in this registration statement; and
(iii) To
include any material information with respect to the Plan not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement or any material
change to such information in this Registration Statement;
provided, however,
that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment
by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section
13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.
(2) That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be
a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
(b) The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing
of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable,
each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated
by reference in this Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons
of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 6 of this Registration Statement, or otherwise, the Registrant
has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the Registrant
in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection
with the securities being registered hereunder, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled
by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.