The accounts of the Company are reported
in U.S. dollars. Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the consolidated
financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars.
PART
I
ITEM
1. BUSINESS
CORPORATE
HISTORY
Western
Uranium & Vanadium Corp. (formerly known as Western Uranium Corporation) was incorporated in December 2006 under the Ontario
Business Corporations Act and was formerly a non-listed reporting issuer subject to the rules and regulations of the Ontario Securities
Commission. On November 20, 2014, the Company completed a listing process on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”).
As part of that process, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pinon Ridge Mining LLC (“PRM”),
a Delaware limited liability company. The transaction constituted a reverse takeover of Western by PRM. After obtaining appropriate
shareholder approvals, the Company subsequently reconstituted its Board of Directors and senior management team.
On
August 18, 2014, the Company closed on the purchase of certain mining properties in Colorado and Utah from Energy Fuels Holding
Corp. Assets purchased included both owned and leased lands in Utah and Colorado and all represent properties that have been previously
mined for uranium to varying degrees in the past. The acquisition included the purchase of the Sunday Mine Complex. The Sunday
Mine Complex is located in western San Miguel County, Colorado. The complex consists of the following five individual mines: the
Sunday mine, the Carnation mine, the Saint Jude mine, the West Sunday mine and the Topaz mine. The operation of each of these
mines requires a separate permit and all such permits have been obtained by Western and are currently valid. In addition, each
of the mines has good access to a paved highway, electric power to existing mine workings, office/storage/shop and change buildings,
and extensive underground haulage development with multiple vent shafts complete with exhaust fans. The Sunday Mine Complex is
where the Company anticipates it would start mining operations.
On
September 16, 2015, Western completed its acquisition of Black Range, an Australian company that was listed on the Australian
Securities Exchange until the acquisition was completed. The acquisition terms were pursuant to a definitive Merger Implementation
Agreement entered into between Western and Black Range. Pursuant to the agreement, Western acquired all of the issued shares of
Black Range by way of Scheme of Arrangement (“the Scheme”) under the Australian Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) (the “Black
Range Transaction”), with Black Range shareholders being issued common shares of Western on a 1 for 750 basis. On August
25, 2015, the Scheme was approved by the shareholders of Black Range and on September 4, 2015, Black Range received approval by
the Federal Court of Australia. In addition, Western issued to certain employees, directors and consultants options to purchase
Western common shares. Such stock options were intended to replace Black Range stock options outstanding prior to the Black Range
Transaction on the same 1 for 750 basis.
In connection with the Black Range Transaction, Western acquired
the net assets of Black Range. These net assets consist principally of interests in a large uranium resource located in Colorado
(the “Hansen-Taylor Complex”) and a 100% interest in a 25 year license for Kinetic Separation technologies (“Kinetic
Separation”, formerly known as “Ablation”) and related patents from Ablation Technologies, LLC. The Hansen-Taylor
Complex is principally a sandstone-hosted deposit that was discovered in 1977.
Furthermore, related to Kinetic Separation in connection with
the acquisition of Black Range Minerals Ltd. (“Black Range”), the Company assumed a call option agreement between Black
Range and Mr. George Glasier. Prior to the Black Range Transaction, George Glasier, the Company’s CEO, who is also a director
(“Seller”), transferred his interest in a former joint venture with Ablation Technologies, LLC to Black Range. In connection
with the transfer, Black Range issued 25 million shares of Black Range common shares to Seller and committed to pay $500,000 AUD
($351,099 USD as of December 31, 2019) to Seller within 60 days of the first commercial application of the Kinetic Separation.
Western assumed this contingent payment obligation in connection with the Black Range Transaction.
The Kinetic Separation process is dramatically different from
conventional mining techniques. Subject to regulatory approvals for the use of Kinetic Separation, the benefits of Kinetic Separation
are as follows:
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Mining,
crushing, and separation of waste from minerals (uranium and vanadium), used most effectively,
occurs underground (inside the mine). Under this approach the costs of moving material
to the surface are less as 85%-90% of the mined material remains underground and is never
brought outside the mine.
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Less
radiometric exposure throughout the process due to reduced waste rock on the surface
and after the milling process less tailings. Overall surface waste material is reduced
and the time duration of material handling is reduced.
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Lower
costs for transportation of post-kinetically separated material from the mine site to
the mill site because 85-90% of the mined material would not be taken to the mill.
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Once
the kinetically separated material reaches the mill, the acid consumption at the mill
and power is much less due to the lower quantity and more concentrated material moving
through the milling process.
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Kinetic Separation can be used on legacy uranium stockpiles
in the western United States. WUC would kinetically separate these stockpiles, removing 85-90% of the uranium. This is an application
through which Kinetic Separation could positively contribute to the ‘greening of the environment’. According to a study
there are approximately 4,225 legacy uranium mines from the 1940-1970 period throughout the Western United States, most of which
have waste stockpiles.
In
the estimation of management, Kinetic Separation mining allows the cost of production of uranium to be reduced by 44-53%.
Our
common shares are listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange, also known as the “CSE,” under the symbol
“WUC”, and are also quoted in the United States on the OTCQX Best Market under the symbol “WSTRF.” We
are headquartered in Ontario, Canada with mining operations in the two U.S. states of Utah and Colorado. We have three
full-time employees and one part-time employee. The mailing address of our headquarters is 330 Bay Street, Suite 1400,
Toronto, Ontario, M5H2S8, Canada, and the telephone number is (970) 864-2125. Our corporate website is located at
http://www.western-uranium.com/.
We
are an “emerging growth company” as that term is defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS
Act”). The JOBS Act defines an “emerging growth company” as one that had total annual gross revenues of less
than $1,000,000,000 during the last fiscal year. Section 102(b) (1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being
required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had
a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities
Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standard. The JOBS Act also provides that a
company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period provided by Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act and comply with the
requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable.
Our
wholly-owned subsidiaries are Western Uranium Corp., Pinon Ridge Mining LLC, Black Range Minerals Limited, Black Range Copper
Inc., Ranger Resources Inc., Black Range Minerals Inc., Black Range Minerals Colorado LLC, Black Range Minerals Wyoming LLC, Haggerty
Resources LLC, Ranger Alaska LLC, Black Range Minerals Utah LLC, Black Range Minerals Ablation Holdings Inc. and Black Range Development
Utah LLC.
OUR
COMPANY
Western
is in the business of exploring, developing, mining and production of its uranium and vanadium resource properties.
Western
is an exploration stage company for purposes of Industry Guide 7 of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Industry Guide 7 states that mining companies like ours can be classified into three stages: exploration, development, or production.
Exploration stage includes all companies engaged in the search for mineral deposits, which are not in either the development or
production stage. In order to be classified as a development or production stage company, the Company must have already established
reserves. The Company has not established reserves for purposes of Industry Guide 7.
Our mineral properties are located in western Colorado and eastern
Utah and adjacent areas of the western United States. Our primary focus is bringing the fully permitted Sunday Mine Complex into
production, permitting the San Rafael Project and the commercialization of Kinetic Separation.
The
Sunday Mine Complex is located in western San Miguel County, Colorado. The complex consists of the following five individual mines:
the Sunday mine, the Carnation mine, the Saint Jude mine, the West Sunday mine and the Topaz mine. The operation of each of these
mines requires a separate permit and all such permits have been obtained by Western and are currently valid. In addition, each
of the mines has good access to a paved highway, electric power to existing mine workings, office/storage/shop and change buildings,
and extensive underground haulage development with multiple vent shafts complete with exhaust fans.
We
have acquired a license (“Kinetic Separation”), which provides a low cost, purely physical, method of separating uranium
and vanadium mineralization from waste. No chemicals are added in the process, yet very high mineral recoveries can be achieved
with considerable mass reduction; facilitating the separation of a high-value, high-grade ore product from a coarse-grained barren
“clean sand” product.
Application
of Kinetic Separation is expected to have a very positive effect on the development of not only our Sunday Mine Complex, but also
most of our and others’ deposits, because it significantly reduces both capital and operating costs. Extensive test work
has shown that from amenable sandstone-hosted ore types, typically more than 90% of the mineralization can be separated into 10-20%
of the initial sample mass.
OUR
STRATEGY
Our vision is to become a leading uranium and vanadium developer
and producer. Our strategy is to build value for stockholders by advancing our projects towards scaled-up production. The increase
in vanadium price levels during 2017/2018 has increased the relative importance of this resource to the Company. Hence, Western
is increasingly able to baseload mine production with vanadium as a co-product. As a result, during 2019 Western implemented a
mine re-opening project at the Sunday Mine Complex to identify high-grade vanadium ore, followed by bulk sampling and development
drilling. Active mining was conducted and the extracted ore was stockpiled underground in the mines. The project has continued
in 2020 as multiple surface infrastructure projects were completed to meet Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety
(CRDMS) requirements. Completion of the CDRMS prerequisites will enable the newly mined and stockpiled underground ore to be brought
to the surface in 2020. Ore pad construction, the last of the surface projects, was completed; however, CDRMS inspection has been
delayed due to a no-travel policy which was instituted in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The Company holds an exclusive 25-year
license to use Kinetic Separation, a proven technology that we anticipate will improve the efficiency of the mining from Western’s
sandstone-hosted ore. The license agreement was entered into on March 17, 2015 and expires on March 16, 2040. There are no remaining
license fee obligations and there are no future royalties due under the agreement. The Company has the right to sub-license the
technology to third parties. The Company may not sell or assign the Kinetic Separation license; however, it could be transferred
in the sale of Western or the subsidiary holding the license.
At
any time we may have acquisition or partnering opportunities in various stages of active review, including, for example, our engagement
of consultants and advisors to analyze particular opportunities, analysis of technical, financial and other confidential information,
submission of indications of interest, participation in preliminary discussions and negotiations and involvement as a bidder in
competitive processes.
Capital
Raising
On
May 4, 2018, the Company completed a private placement of 909,622 units at a price of CAD $0.68 (USD $0.53) per unit for gross
proceeds of CAD $618,543 (USD $481,560). Each unit consisted of one common share and a warrant to purchase one-half of one common
share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.15 and expires two years from the date of issuance.
On
July 27, 2018, the Company completed a private placement of 2,525,526 units at a price of CAD $0.68 (USD $0.52) per unit for gross
proceeds of CAD $1,717,358 (USD $1,319,096). Each unit consisted of one common share and a warrant to purchase one-half of one
common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.15 and expires two years from the date of issuance.
On
August 9, 2018, the Company completed a private placement of 1,907,088 units at a price of CAD $0.68 (USD $0.52) per unit for
gross proceeds of CAD $1,296,820 (USD $1,000,000). Each unit consisted of one common share and a warrant to purchase one-half
of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.15 and expires two years from the date of issuance.
On April 16, 2019, the Company completed a private placement
of 3,914,632 units at a price of CAD $0.98 (USD $0.73) per unit for net proceeds of CAD $3,836,340 (USD $2,856,356). Each unit
consisted of common share and a warrant to purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD
$1.70 and expires three years from the date of issuance.
On June 17, 2019, the Company completed a private placement
of 192,278 units at a price of CAD $0.98 (USD $0.73) per unit for gross proceeds of CAD $188,432 (USD $140,555). Each unit consisted
of one common share and a warrant to purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.70
and expires three years from the date of issuance.
During
the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 4,106,910 common shares in connection with these private
placements.
Uranium/Vanadium Production
Western historically positioned itself for operational flexibility
with the goal of beginning production as expeditiously as possible once market conditions for uranium and/or vanadium were favorable.
The recent vanadium price rally brought about those conditions, thus catalyzing the Sunday Mine Complex project. Western reinitiated
active mining operations at the Sunday Mine Complex project with its infrastructure and exploratory projects, which culminated
in the commencement of production with the mining and stockpiling of the extracted uranium/vanadium ore. The well maintained existing
infrastructure from years of previous production allowed the Company to quickly advance the mine to production ready status. As
the mining team refocused on surface infrastructure projects required by the CDRMS, the mines were shut; mining operations and
transporting extracted ore to the surface could commence after CDRMS inspection of the newly constructed ore pads. The impact of
COVID-19 has become an additional timing consideration. With the decline in vanadium prices during calendar year 2019, the economics
of the Sunday Mine Complex have shifted from an emphasis on vanadium production back toward co-production of uranium/vanadium.
The recent rally in uranium prices has become an increasingly important driver for scaled up production.
Western
believes that its mineral resources have a reasonable prospect for economic extraction. However, the Company has not yet completed
a Preliminary Economic Assessment (“PEA”).
URANIUM
MARKET OUTLOOK
World demand for clean, reliable, and affordable electricity is
growing. Given the expected construction of nuclear reactors and the expected growth of nuclear energy, we believe that the future
for uranium is positive. Further, recently announced production cuts in response to COVID-19 by four global uranium producers has
been projected to take approximately 50% of the 2020 uranium production offline, which will reduce available supply. The U.S. section
232 petition and Nuclear Fuel Working Group process has the potential to increase U.S. domestic uranium production and create economic
pricing levels for U.S. domestic producers. We believe these factors will provide the price levels needed to support the additional
production and supply that will be required. Currently, excess (secondary) supplies are being drawn down, and additional primary
production will be needed to meet long-term demand.
Once prices rise, it may be difficult for most suppliers to
respond in a timely manner, as it requires many years of permitting and development to bring new mines into production. These lead
times will put further upward pressure on prices.
Western has a competitive advantage, as our mining properties are
permitted and ready to scale-up production on short notice.
Despite current market uncertainty and depressed prices, we believe
we have begun to see certain early signs of a market recovery; the spot uranium price declined from $29 to $24 during 2019, but
has quickly rebounded to $29 in response to the COVID-19 production cuts. Japanese utilities have 42 nuclear reactors in the process
of restarting (according to the World Nuclear Association (“WNA”)). According to data from the WNA, Chinese utilities
continue to aggressively build new reactors and buy uranium, with the goal of having more nuclear capacity than any country except
the USA and France by 2020. In total, according to the WNA, there are about 50 new reactors under construction in 13 countries
and in all there are about 160 reactors on order or being planned, and over 300 more are proposed.
However, in the short- and medium-terms, market challenges remain.
The world continues to be oversupplied with uranium, mainly due to large quantities of secondary uranium supplies, high levels
of excess inventories, premature reactor shutdowns, delays in new reactor construction, and decreased demand due to Japanese reactors
remaining offline for longer than expected. In addition, there is a great deal of uncertainty in uranium prices regarding the timing
and level of the recovery, as fundamental, political, technical, and other factors could cause prices to be significantly above
or below currently expected ranges.
In the United States, an investigation under Section 232 of
the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (U.S.) was undertaken in 2018 to assess the impact to national security of the importation
of the vast majority of uranium utilized by the ~100 operating civilian nuclear reactors within the United States. The U.S. Department
of Commerce provided a report containing a recommendation to the White House in April 2018; President Trump considered the findings
of the Section 232 report and disseminated a Presidential Memoranda on July 12, 2019. At that time, the President did not implement
the quota solution proposed by the petitioners. Instead, to address the concerns of the Department of Commerce, the President formed
the U.S. Nuclear Fuel Working Group (“NFWG”) and charged them with finding solutions for reviving and expanding domestic
nuclear fuel production and reinvigorating the entire nuclear fuel supply chain. The group was required to submit a report containing
findings and recommendations on or before October 10, 2019, but President Trump granted a 30 day extension on the delivery of that
report. As a first step in addressing this issue, President Trump’s Fiscal Year 2021 budget, released February 10, 2020,
included a $150 million line item each year for the next decade to establish a Uranium Reserve. In a February 27, 2020 hearing
U.S. Energy Secretary Dan Brouillette stated the NFWG was preparing to release its recommendations on the upcoming Monday or Tuesday.
Notably, the timing was such that it immediately preceded the Coronavirus outbreak which has become the near exclusive focus of
the Trump Administration and all levels/branches of government. As of the day that is one day before the filing of this report,
there has been no official U.S. government update as to the status or content of the NFWG’s report. Since neither the Department
of Commerce nor NFWG reports compiled for the White House have been shared with Congress, in February Congress called for the Department
of Energy to oversee the compilation of a report on Key Challenges in Reconstituting Uranium Mining and Conversion Capabilities
in the United States. The extended deadline for industry to supply responses to the Request For Information was March 30, 2020.
Thus, three separate initiatives have been pursued by the U.S. government. The Company has participated at each stage of this process
and its efforts are ongoing.
While there is no guarantee as to outcome, we believe the petition
is compelling given the dynamics of uranium markets and the participation of state-owned and state-subsidized entities, which has
caused the shutdown of nearly all U.S. uranium production. Further, the question of U.S. national security now hinges upon the
degree that counterparties in Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China have infiltrated the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. The underlying
thesis has been increasingly affirmed during the COVID-19 crisis as the U.S. has been directly damaged by Chinese dependent supply
chains and Russia initiating an oil price war which turned energy into a geopolitical weapon. A positive outcome would provide
relief for the U.S. uranium industry whereby U.S. domestic uranium production should have the opportunity to be sold at a price
above production cost and at a profit to the producer. Western is one of very few uranium companies holding previously producing
permitted and developed mines in the United States and thus is well positioned to benefit in the short-term from a favorable outcome.
OVERVIEW
OF THE URANIUM INDUSTRY
Spot prices rose from $21 per pound in January 2005 to a high
of $136 per pound in June 2007 in anticipation of sharply higher projected demand as a result of a resurgence in nuclear power
and the depletion of secondary supplies. Secondary supplies are inventories of uranium not publicly available for sale, they are
primarily held by utility companies and governments. The sharp price increase was driven in part by high levels of buying by utility
companies, which resulted in most utilities covering their requirements through 2009. A decrease in near-term utility demand coupled
with rising levels of supplies from producers and traders have led to downward pressure on uranium prices since the third quarter
of 2007. A rebound in uranium prices in conjunction with a recovery in commodities in 2010 was curtailed by the Fukushima disaster
in Japan.
Since the Fukushima disaster in 2011, uranium prices entered
a steady decline until June 2014, when they rebounded slightly and peaked again in March 2015 at $39 per pound. After that peak,
prices again began to fall steadily reaching their lowest point of $18 per pound in November 2016 before moving upward in 2017
and ending the year at the higher year over year level of $22 per pound. Uranium prices continued to steady in 2019 ending at
$25 per pound on December 31, 2019.
The
only significant commercial use for uranium is as a fuel for nuclear power plants for the generation of electricity. According
to the WNA, at the end of February 2018, there were 449 nuclear reactors operable worldwide, with annual requirements of about
143.3 million pounds of uranium.
From
the reports of leading investment banks, the macroeconomic conditions driving uranium prices are as follows:
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WNA reports 55 nuclear reactors under construction with most projects China, India, Russia and South Korea.
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Decrease in primary supply due to global producers shutting down mining operations that weren’t profitable at current pricing levels and recent larger production shutdowns in response to COVID-19
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Decreasing secondary supplies (excess reserves and supplies generally held by governments and utilities).
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The Section 232 Uranium investigation and Nuclear Fuel Working Group outcome.
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Increasing uncovered demand opportunities for future uranium demand as nuclear utilities have decreased their contracting levels
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Across the ten banks and analysts most active in the sector, a term
structure of rising uranium spot prices which are significantly above today’s prices are forecast almost across the board
from 2020 to 2024. The Company obtained analyst estimates that were publicly released before the COVID-19 outbreak impacted world
markets and cause global production cuts. These projected increases are primarily due to two factors. The first is expected reduction
in uranium production due to the low price environment. The second is continued growth in nuclear energy, fueled primarily by new
plants with the greatest number located in China, Russia, and India over the next 5 years. Further, small modular reactors and
advanced reactors are expected to begin coming online during the next decade. This should lead to excess reserves and inventories
drying up and causing a shortage in the coming years, as historical contracts roll-off. Recently, due to mine closures in response
to COVID-19, the market price of uranium has increased sharply, in contrast to other commodities.
Based upon these pricing factors specific to the uranium industry,
we believe that uranium prices will improve over the coming years for Western to initiate full-scale production in its best properties.
Vanadium
With the exception of the Hansen/Taylor Deposit, most of the
Company’s mining assets, including the Sunday Mine Complex, contain vanadium either as a stand-alone product or a co-product
to uranium.
Conventional and new vanadium applications include steelmaking,
aerospace, stationary energy storage, batteries, and chemicals.
When a very small amount of vanadium is added to steel the hardening
effect greatly increases its strength. And while steelmaking accounts for roughly 90% of all vanadium currently consumed, it’s
estimated that vanadium is only used in about 9% of all steels today.
In a research report, BMO Capital Markets identified a structural
change in the vanadium markets. China, the largest vanadium producer in the world, has seen supply disrupted by environmental monitoring
and rules while domestic demand was increasing. During 2017, BMO observed ferrovanadium exports falling by 30% year over year and
projected that China would become a net importer of ferrovanadium. In 2018, this forecast was validated as China which had been
a net vanadium exporter became a net vanadium importer. On the demand side, China announced a new high strength rebar standard
to increase earthquake resistance in February 2018 that became effective on November 1, 2018. On the supply side in its efforts
to fight pollution, Chinese environmental inspections resulted in the closing of dirty processes in which vanadium was recovered
as a byproduct. These policy changes were very positive for vanadium prices. As a result of these structural changes, vanadium
demand exceeded vanadium supply putting the market into a deficit and pushing the prices to all-time highs during the fourth quarter
of 2018.
The substantial appreciation in vanadium price during 2018 catalyzed
the Company to pursue the Sunday Mine Complex Vanadium Project during 2019.
After steelmaking, the second largest market for vanadium is
that of catalysts and chemical applications. Significant new sources of demand for vanadium are also expected to originate from
vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB).
The current vanadium market price is $6.10
per pound as of December 31, 2019 which is a decrease from the December 31, 2018 price when the price was $18.80 per pound. New
vanadium supply came online after vanadium prices reached all-time highs.
COMPETITION
There
is global competition for uranium properties, capital, customers and the employment and retention of qualified personnel. We compete
with multiple exploration companies for both properties as well as skilled personnel. In the production and marketing of uranium,
there are a number of producing entities globally, some of which are government controlled and several of which are significantly
larger and better capitalized than we are. Several of these organizations also have substantially greater financial, technical,
manufacturing and distribution resources than we have.
Our future uranium production may also compete with uranium
from secondary supplies, including the sale of uranium inventory held by the U.S. Department of Energy. At the current time, DOE
uranium sales have been suspended. In addition, there are numerous entities in the market that compete with us for properties and
operate in situ recovery (“ISR”) facilities. If we are unable to successfully compete for properties, capital, customers
or employees or with alternative uranium sources, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
With
respect to sales of uranium, the Company competes primarily based on price. We will market uranium to utilities and commodity
brokers. We are in direct competition with supplies available from various sources worldwide. We believe we compete with multiple
operating uranium companies.
With
respect to sales of vanadium, the Company will compete primarily based upon availability and secondarily on price. There will
be direct competition with primary production, secondary production, and co-production from various companies and processors
worldwide as individual entities come online or increase production to address the supply deficit.
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS AND PERMITTING
United
States
Uranium
extraction is regulated by the federal government, states and, in some cases, by Indian tribes. Compliance with such regulation
has a material effect on the economics of our operations and the timing of project development. Our primary regulatory costs have
been related to obtaining licenses and permits from federal and state agencies before the commencement of production activities.
The environmental regulatory requirements for the ISR industry are well established. Many ISR projects have gone a full
life cycle without any significant environmental impact. However, the process can make environmental permitting difficult and
timing unpredictable. Western does not plan to utilize an ISR mining process on its properties.
Mining
Permits are disclosed on a per mine basis in the “Properties” section, below.
Reclamation
and Restoration Costs and Bonding Requirements
At
the conclusion of conventional mining, a site is decommissioned and reclaimed. Reclamation involves removing evidence of surface
disturbance. The reclamation liabilities of the US mines are subject to legal and regulatory requirements. Estimates of the costs
of reclamation are reviewed periodically by the applicable regulatory authorities. The reclamation liability represents the Company’s
best estimate of the present value of future reclamation costs in connection with the mineral properties. The Company determined
the gross reclamation liabilities at December 31, 2019 of the mineral properties to be approximately $897,662.
The
Company is required by State regulatory agencies to obtain financial surety relating to certain of its future restoration and
reclamation obligations. The Company has provided performance bonds issued for the benefit of the Company in the amount of $897,662
to satisfy such regulatory requirements.
ITEM
1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks
Related to Our Business
Our
business activities are subject to significant risks, including those described below. Every investor or potential investor in
our securities should carefully consider these risks. If any of the described risks actually occurs, our business, financial position
and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Such risks are not the only ones we face and additional risks
and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business.
The uranium/vanadium ore that we have mined remains stockpiled
underground at the Sunday Mine Complex. As a result, we have no saleable product and currently have no sources of operating cash.
If we cannot access additional sources of private or public capital, partner with another company that has cash resources and/or
find other means of generating revenue other than uranium or vanadium sales, we may not be able to remain in business.
Until we begin either uranium or vanadium sales, we have no way
to generate cash inflows unless we monetize certain of our assets or obtain additional financing. We can provide no assurance that
our properties will produce saleable production or that we will be able to continue to find, develop, acquire and finance additional
reserves. If we cannot monetize certain existing assets, partner with another company that has cash resources, find other means
of generating revenue other than uranium or vanadium production and/or access additional sources of private or public capital,
we may not be able to remain in business and our stockholders may lose their entire investment.
Our
ability to function as an operating mining company will be dependent on our ability to mine our properties at a profit sufficient
to finance further mining activities and for the acquisition and development of additional properties. The volatility of uranium
prices makes long-range planning uncertain and raising capital difficult.
Our
ability to operate on a positive cash flow basis will be dependent on mining sufficient quantities of uranium or vanadium at a
profit sufficient to finance our operations and for the acquisition and development of additional mining properties. Any profit
will necessarily be dependent upon, and affected by, the long and short term market prices of uranium and vanadium, which are
subject to significant fluctuation. Uranium prices have been and will continue to be affected by numerous factors beyond our control.
These factors include the demand for nuclear power, political and economic conditions in uranium producing and consuming countries,
uranium supply from secondary sources and uranium production levels and costs of production. A significant, sustained drop in
uranium prices may make it impossible to operate our business at a level that will permit us to cover our fixed costs or to remain
in operation.
Evaluating
our future performance may be difficult since we have a limited financial and operating history, with significant negative cash
flow and an accumulated deficit to date. Furthermore, there is no assurance that we will be successful in securing any form of
additional financing in the future, therefore substantial doubt exists as to whether our cash resources and working capital will
be sufficient to enable the Company to continue its operations over the next twelve months. Our long-term success will depend
ultimately on our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and to develop positive cash flow from our mining activities.
As
more fully described within this annual report, we acquired our first mineral properties in November of 2014. To date, we have
been acquiring additional mineral properties and raising capital. We hold uranium projects in various stages of exploration in
the States of Colorado and Utah.
As
more fully described under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Result of Operations”, we have a history of significant negative cash flow and net losses, with
an accumulated deficit balance of $8.7 million and $6.6 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We have been reliant
on equity financings from the sale of our common shares and on debt financing in order to fund our operations. We do not expect
to achieve profitability or develop positive cash flow from operations in the near term. As a result of our limited financial
and operating history, including our significant negative cash flow and net losses to date, it may be difficult to evaluate our
future performance.
At
December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had working capital of $1,678,747 and $597,669, respectively. The continuation of
the Company as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain adequate additional financing which we have successfully
secured since inception. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful in securing any form of additional financing
in the future, therefore substantial doubt exists as to whether our cash resources and working capital will be sufficient to enable
the Company to continue its operations over the next twelve months. The consolidated financial statements for the two years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were prepared assuming that
the Company would continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming
that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has incurred continuing losses from operations and is dependent
upon future sources of equity or debt financing in order to fund its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about
the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments
that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Our
reliance on equity and debt financings is expected to continue for the foreseeable future, and their availability whenever such
additional financing is required, will be dependent on many factors beyond our control including, but not limited to, the market
price of uranium, the continuing public support of nuclear power as a viable source of electricity generation, the volatility
in the global financial markets affecting our stock price and the status of the worldwide economy, any one of which may cause
significant challenges in our ability to access additional financing, including access to the equity and credit markets. We may
also be required to seek other forms of financing, such as asset divestitures or joint venture arrangements to continue advancing
our uranium projects, which would depend entirely on finding a suitable third party willing to enter into such an arrangement,
typically involving an assignment of a percentage interest in the mineral project.
Our
long-term success, including the recoverability of the carrying values of our assets and our ability to acquire additional uranium
projects and continue with exploration and pre-extraction activities and mining activities on our existing uranium projects, will
depend ultimately on our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and positive cash flow from our operations by establishing
ore bodies that contain commercially recoverable uranium and to develop these into profitable mining activities. The economic
viability of our mining activities has many risks and uncertainties. These include, but are not limited to: (i) a significant,
prolonged decrease in the market price of uranium; (ii) difficulty in marketing and/or selling uranium concentrates; (iii) significantly
higher than expected capital costs to construct the mine and/or processing plant; (iv) significantly higher than expected extraction
costs; (v) significantly lower than expected uranium extraction; (vi) significant delays, reductions or stoppages of uranium extraction
activities; and (vi) the introduction of significantly more stringent regulatory laws and regulations. Our mining activities may
change as a result of any one or more of these risks and uncertainties and there is no assurance that any ore body that we extract
mineralized materials from will result in achieving and maintaining profitability and developing positive cash flow.
Our
operations are capital intensive, and we will require significant additional financing to acquire additional uranium/vanadium
projects, continue with our exploration and begin pre-extraction activities on our existing uranium/vanadium projects.
Our
operations are capital intensive and future capital expenditures are expected to be substantial. We will require significant additional
financing to fund our operations, including acquiring additional uranium/vanadium projects, continuing with our exploration and
beginning pre-extraction activities which include assaying, drilling, geological and geochemical analysis and mine construction
costs. In the absence of such additional financing, we would not be able to fund our operations, including continuing with our
exploration and pre-extraction activities, which may result in delays, curtailment or abandonment of any one or all of our uranium
projects.
Uranium/vanadium
exploration and pre-extraction programs and mining activities are inherently subject to numerous significant risks and uncertainties,
and actual results may differ significantly from expectations or anticipated amounts. Furthermore, exploration programs conducted
on our uranium/vanadium projects may not result in the establishment of ore bodies that contain commercially recoverable uranium/vanadium.
Uranium/vanadium exploration and pre-extraction programs and
mining activities are inherently subject to numerous significant risks and uncertainties, many beyond our control, including, but
not limited to: (i) unanticipated ground and water conditions and adverse claims to water rights; (ii) unusual or unexpected geological
formations; (iii) metallurgical and other processing problems; (iv) the occurrence of unusual weather or operating conditions and
other force majeure events; (v) lower than expected ore grades; (vi) industrial accidents; (vii) delays in the receipt of or failure
to receive necessary government permits; (viii) delays in transportation; (ix) availability of contractors and labor; (x) government
permit restrictions and regulation restrictions; (xi) unavailability of materials and equipment; and (xii) the failure of equipment
or processes to operate in accordance with specifications or expectations. These risks and uncertainties could result in delays,
reductions or stoppages in our mining activities; increased capital and/or extraction costs; damage to, or destruction of, our
mineral projects, extraction facilities or other properties; personal injuries; environmental damage; monetary losses; and legal
claims.
Success
in uranium/vanadium exploration is dependent on many factors, including, without limitation, the experience and capabilities of
a company’s management, the availability of geological expertise and the availability of sufficient funds to conduct the
exploration program. Even if an exploration program is successful and commercially recoverable uranium/vanadium is established,
it may take a number of years from the initial phases of drilling and identification of the mineralization until extraction is
possible, during which time the economic feasibility of extraction may change such that the uranium ceases to be economically
recoverable. Uranium/vanadium exploration is frequently non-productive due, for example, to poor exploration results or the inability
to establish ore bodies that contain commercially recoverable uranium, in which case the uranium project may be abandoned and
written-off. Furthermore, we will not be able to benefit from our exploration efforts and recover the expenditures that we incur
on our exploration programs if we do not establish ore bodies that contain commercially recoverable uranium/vanadium and develop
these uranium/vanadium projects into profitable mining activities, and there is no assurance that we will be successful in doing
so for any of our uranium/vanadium projects.
Whether
an ore body contains commercially recoverable uranium/vanadium depends on many factors including, without limitation: (i) the
particular attributes, including material changes to those attributes, of the ore body such as size, grade, recovery rates and
proximity to infrastructure; (ii) the market price of uranium, which may be volatile; and (iii) government regulations and regulatory
requirements including, without limitation, those relating to environmental protection, permitting and land use, taxes, land tenure
and transportation.
We
have established the existence of mineralized materials for uranium properties. We have not established proven or probable reserves,
as defined by the SEC under Industry Guide 7, through the completion of a “final” or “bankable” feasibility
study for any of our uranium properties. Furthermore, we have no current plans to establish proven or probable reserves for any
of our uranium properties as it doesn’t serve a business purpose at the present time.
We
may not be able to realize anticipated benefits of the Kinetic Separation process due to uncertainties associated with that process.
In
order to utilize Kinetic Separation to process uranium/vanadium bearing ore there are uncertainties that must be overcome which
include the uncertainty as to the evolution of the regulatory framework and technological considerations. Either may cause delays
in start-up, and/or increase costs, and may preclude the realization of the anticipated benefits of the Kinetic Separation process.
Use of Kinetic Separation represents an additional processing step, requiring additional equipment, support, material handling
and a potential increase in water usage requirements.
We
do not insure against all of the risks we face in our operations.
In
general, where coverage is available and not prohibitively expensive relative to the perceived risk, we will maintain insurance
against such risk, subject to exclusions and limitations. We currently maintain insurance against certain risks including securities
and general commercial liability claims and certain physical assets used in our operations, subject to exclusions and limitations;
however, we do not maintain insurance to cover all of the potential risks and hazards associated with our operations. We may be
subject to liability for environmental, pollution or other hazards associated with our exploration, pre-extraction and extraction
activities, which we may not be insured against, which may exceed the limits of our insurance coverage or which we may elect not
to insure against because of high premiums or other reasons. Furthermore, we cannot provide assurance that any insurance coverage
we currently have will continue to be available at reasonable premiums or that such insurance will adequately cover any resulting
liability.
Our
inability to obtain financial surety would threaten our ability to continue in business.
Future
financial surety requirements to comply with federal and state environmental and remediation requirements and to secure necessary
licenses and approvals may increase significantly as future development and production occurs at certain of our sites in the United
States. The amount of the financial surety for each producing property is subject to annual review and revision by regulators.
We expect that the issuer of the financial surety instruments will require us to provide cash collateral for a significant amount
of the face amount of the bond to secure the obligation. In the event we are not able to raise, secure or generate sufficient
funds necessary to satisfy these requirements, we will be unable to develop our sites and bring them into production, which inability
will have a material adverse impact on our business and may negatively affect our ability to continue to operate.
Acquisitions
that we may make from time to time could have an adverse impact on us.
From
time to time, we examine opportunities to acquire additional mining assets and businesses. Any acquisition that we may choose
to complete may be of a significant size, may change the scale of our business and operations, and may expose us to new geographic,
political, operating, financial and geological risks. Our success in our acquisition activities depends on our ability to identify
suitable acquisition candidates, negotiate acceptable terms for any such acquisition, and integrate the acquired operations successfully
with those of our Company. Any acquisitions would be accompanied by risks which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
For example, there may be a significant change in commodity prices after we have committed to complete the transaction and established
the purchase price or exchange ratio; a material ore body may prove to be below expectations; we may have difficulty integrating
and assimilating the operations and personnel of any acquired companies, realizing anticipated synergies and maximizing the financial
and strategic position of the combined enterprise, and maintaining uniform standards, policies and controls across the organization;
the integration of the acquired business or assets may disrupt our ongoing business and our relationships with employees, customers,
suppliers and contractors; and the acquired business or assets may have unknown liabilities which may be significant. In the event
that we choose to raise debt capital to finance any such acquisition, our leverage will be increased. If we choose to use equity
as consideration for such acquisition, existing shareholders may suffer dilution. Alternatively, we may choose to finance any
such acquisition with our existing resources. There can be no assurance that we would be successful in overcoming these risks
or any other problems encountered in connection with such acquisitions.
The
uranium industry is subject to numerous stringent laws, regulations and standards, including environmental protection laws and
regulations. If any changes occur that would make these laws, regulations and standards more stringent, it may require capital
outlays in excess of those anticipated or cause substantial delays, which would have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Uranium
exploration and pre-extraction programs and mining activities are subject to numerous stringent laws, regulations and standards
at the federal, state, and local levels governing permitting, pre-extraction, extraction, exports, taxes, labor standards, occupational
health, waste disposal, protection and reclamation of the environment, protection of endangered and protected species, mine safety,
hazardous substances and other matters. Our compliance with these requirements requires significant financial and personnel resources.
The
laws, regulations, policies or current administrative practices of any government body, organization or regulatory agency in the
United States or any other applicable jurisdiction, may change or be applied or interpreted in a manner which may also have a
material adverse effect on our operations. The actions, policies or regulations, or changes thereto, of any government body or
regulatory agency or special interest group, may also have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Uranium
exploration and pre-extraction programs and mining activities are subject to stringent environmental protection laws and regulations
at the federal, state, and local levels. These laws and regulations, which include permitting and reclamation requirements, regulate
emissions, water storage and discharges and disposal of hazardous wastes. Uranium mining activities are also subject to laws and
regulations which seek to maintain health and safety standards by regulating the design and use of mining methods. Various permits
from governmental and regulatory bodies are required for mining to commence or continue, and no assurance can be provided that
required permits will be received in a timely manner.
Our
compliance costs including the posting of surety bonds associated with environmental protection laws and regulations and health
and safety standards have been significant to date, and are expected to increase in scale and scope as we expand our operations
in the future. Furthermore, environmental protection laws and regulations may become more stringent in the future, and compliance
with such changes may require capital outlays in excess of those anticipated or cause substantial delays, which would have a material
adverse effect on our operations.
To
the best of our knowledge, our operations are in compliance, in all material respects, with all applicable laws, regulations and
standards. We may not be able or may elect not to insure against the risk of liability for violations of such laws, regulations
and standards, due to high insurance premiums or other reasons. Where coverage is available and not prohibitively expensive relative
to the perceived risk, we will maintain insurance against such risk, subject to exclusions and limitations. However, we cannot
provide any assurance that such insurance will continue to be available at reasonable premiums or that such insurance will be
adequate to cover any resulting liability.
We
may not be able to obtain, maintain or amend rights, authorizations, licenses, permits or consents required for our operations.
Our
exploration and mining activities are dependent upon the grant of appropriate rights, authorizations, licenses, permits and consents,
as well as continuation and amendment of these rights, authorizations, licenses, permits and consents already granted, which may
be granted for a defined period of time, or may not be granted or may be withdrawn or made subject to limitations. There can be
no assurance that all necessary rights, authorizations, licenses, permits and consents will be granted to us, or that authorizations,
licenses, permits and consents already granted will not be withdrawn or made subject to limitations.
Closure
and remediation costs for environmental liabilities may exceed the provisions we have made.
Natural
resource companies are required to close their operations and rehabilitate the lands in accordance with a variety of environmental
laws and regulations. Estimates of the total ultimate closure and rehabilitation costs for uranium operations are significant
and based principally on current legal and regulatory requirements and closure plans that may change materially. Any underestimated
or unanticipated rehabilitation costs could materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Environmental
liabilities are accrued when they become known, are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Whenever a previously unrecognized
remediation liability becomes known, or a previously estimated reclamation cost is increased, the amount of that liability and
additional cost will be recorded at that time and could materially reduce our consolidated net income in the related period.
The
laws and regulations governing closure and remediation in a particular jurisdiction are subject to review at any time and may
be amended to impose additional requirements and conditions which may cause our provisions for environmental liabilities to be
underestimated and could materially affect our financial position or results of operations.
Major
nuclear incidents may have adverse effects on the nuclear and uranium industries.
The
nuclear incident that occurred in Japan in March 2011 had significant and adverse effects on both the nuclear and uranium industries.
If another nuclear incident were to occur, it may have further adverse effects for both industries. Public opinion of nuclear
power as a source of electricity generation may be adversely affected, which may cause governments of certain countries to further
increase regulation for the nuclear industry, reduce or abandon current reliance on nuclear power or reduce or abandon existing
plans for nuclear power expansion. Any one of these occurrences has the potential to reduce current and/or future demand for nuclear
power, resulting in lower demand for uranium and lower market prices for uranium, adversely affecting the Company’s operations
and prospects. Furthermore, the growth of the nuclear and uranium industries is dependent on continuing and growing public support
of nuclear power as a viable source of electricity generation.
The
marketability of uranium concentrates will be affected by numerous factors beyond our control which may result in our inability
to receive an adequate return on our invested capital.
The
marketability of uranium concentrates extracted by us will be affected by numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include
macroeconomic factors, fluctuations in the market price of uranium, governmental regulations, land tenure and use, regulations
concerning the importing and exporting of uranium and environmental protection regulations. The future effects of these factors
cannot be accurately predicted, but any one or a combination of these factors may result in our inability to receive an adequate
return on our invested capital.
The
only significant market for uranium is nuclear power plants world-wide, and there are a limited number of customers.
We
are dependent on a limited number of electric utilities that buy uranium for nuclear power plants. Because of the limited market
for uranium, a reduction in purchases of newly produced uranium by electric utilities for any reason (such as plant closings)
would adversely affect the viability of our business.
The
price of alternative energy sources affects the demand for and price of uranium.
The attractiveness of uranium as an alternative fuel to generate
electricity may be dependent on the relative prices of oil, gas, wind, solar, coal and hydro-electricity and the possibility of
developing other low-cost sources of energy. If the prices of alternative energy sources decrease or new low-cost alternative energy
sources are developed, the demand for uranium could decrease, which may result in a decrease in the price of uranium.
The
title to our mineral property interests may be challenged.
Although
we have taken reasonable measures to ensure proper title to our interests in mineral properties and other assets, there is no
guarantee that the title to any of such interests will not be challenged. No assurance can be given that we will be able to secure
the grant or the renewal of existing mineral rights and tenures on terms satisfactory to us, or that governments in the jurisdictions
in which we operate will not revoke or significantly alter such rights or tenures or that such rights or tenures will not be challenged
or impugned by third parties, including local governments, aboriginal peoples or other claimants. Our mineral properties may be
subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers or claims, and title may be affected by, among other things, undetected defects.
A successful challenge to the precise area and location of our claims could result in us being unable to operate on our properties
as permitted or being unable to enforce our rights with respect to our properties.
Due
to the nature of our business, we may be subject to legal proceedings which may divert management’s time and attention from
our business and result in substantial damage awards.
Due
to the nature of our business, we may be subject to numerous regulatory investigations, securities claims, civil claims, lawsuits
and other proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. The outcome of these lawsuits is uncertain and subject to inherent
uncertainties, and the actual costs to be incurred will depend upon many unknown factors. We may be forced to expend significant
resources in the defense of these suits, and we may not prevail. Defending against these and other lawsuits in the future may
not only require us to incur significant legal fees and expenses, but may become time-consuming for us and detract from our ability
to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. The results of any legal proceeding cannot be predicted with
certainty due to the uncertainty inherent in litigation, the difficulty of predicting decisions of regulators, judges and juries
and the possibility that decisions may be reversed on appeal. There can be no assurances that these matters will not have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial position or operating results.
Competition
from better-capitalized companies affects prices and our ability to acquire both properties and personnel.
There
is global competition for uranium properties, capital, customers and the employment and retention of qualified personnel. In the
production and marketing of uranium, there are a number of producing entities, some of which are government controlled and all
of which are significantly larger and better capitalized than we are. Many of these organizations also have substantially greater
financial, technical, manufacturing and distribution resources than we have.
Our
future uranium production will also compete with uranium recovered from the de-enrichment of highly enriched uranium obtained
from the dismantling of United States and Russian nuclear weapons and imports to the United States of uranium from the former
Soviet Union and from the sale of uranium inventory held by the United States Department of Energy. In addition, there are numerous
entities in the market that compete with us for properties and are attempting to become licensed to operate ISR and/or underground
mining facilities. If we are unable to successfully compete for properties, capital, customers or employees or with alternative
uranium sources, it could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.
Because
we have limited capital, inherent mining risks pose a significant threat to us compared with our larger competitors.
Because
we have limited capital we may be unable to withstand significant losses that can result from inherent risks associated with mining,
including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, flooding, earthquake, interruptions due to weather conditions and other
acts of nature which larger competitors could withstand. Such risks could result in damage to or destruction of our infrastructure
and production facilities, as well as to adjacent properties, personal injury, environmental damage and processing and production
delays, causing monetary losses and possible legal liability. Our business could be harmed if we lose the services of our key
personnel.
Our
business and mineral exploration programs depend upon our ability to employ the services of geologists, engineers and other experts.
In operating our business and in order to continue our programs, we compete for the services of professionals with other mineral
exploration companies and businesses. In addition, several entities have expressed an interest in hiring certain of our employees.
Our ability to maintain and expand our business and continue our exploration programs may be impaired if we are unable to continue
to employ or engage those parties currently providing services and expertise to us or identify and engage other qualified personnel
to do so in their place. To retain key employees, we may face increased compensation costs, including potential new stock incentive
grants and there can be no assurance that the incentive measures we implement will be successful in helping us retain our key
personnel.
If
we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial
statements could be impaired, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business and investors’
views of us.
Ensuring
that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate consolidated
financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that will need to be evaluated frequently. Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires public companies to conduct an annual review and evaluation of their internal controls.
The Company is in the process of reviewing its internal control over financial reporting in the interest of complying with Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our failure to maintain the effectiveness of our internal controls in accordance with the requirements
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business. We could lose investor confidence in the accuracy
and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the price of our common shares.
The
Company may be subject to certain tax consequences in its business, which may increase the cost of doing business.
The
Company may not be able to structure its acquisitions to result in tax-free treatment for the companies or their stockholders,
which could deter third parties from entering into certain business combinations with the Company or result in being taxed on
consideration received in a transaction.
The
COVID-19 coronavirus could adversely impact our business, including our mine development plans.
In
December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, the COVID-19
coronavirus has spread to multiple countries, including the United States. As the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to spread
in the United States, we may experience disruptions that could severely impact our business, including:
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interruption
of key mining activities due to limitations on travel, gathering, or business operations imposed or recommended by federal or
state governments, employers and others.
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limitations
in employee resources, including because of sickness of employees or their families or
the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people.
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delays in financial reporting and filings due to the impact of mitigation
efforts on staff and service providers
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changes
in local regulations as part of a response to the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak which may require us to change the ways in which
mining is conducted, which may result in unexpected costs.
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delays in necessary interactions
with regulators and other important agencies and contractors due to limitations in employee resources or new procedures due to
limitations imposed by COVID-19.
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reduction in the global demand for uranium and vanadium due to reduced production levels in the
primary applications of uranium and vanadium. Restrictions for COVID-19 could cause a decline in energy consumption or indirectly
reduced oil prices could lessen the demand for nuclear power.
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COVID-19 has globally resulted in uranium mine closures that have taken substantial uranium supply
offline and increased the spot price of uranium to date during this crisis, there is no guarantee that this relationship will continue
as the COVID-19 crisis is ongoing and the dynamic of the mine closure/spot price relationship may change.
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The
global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to which the COVID-19 coronavirus may impact
our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the
ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United
States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States
and other countries to contain and treat the disease.
Risks
Related to Our Stock
If
we are unable to raise additional capital, our business may fail and stockholders may lose their entire investment.
We
had $2,084,782 and $909,865 in cash at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. There can be no assurance that we
will be able to obtain additional capital after we exhaust our current cash. To the extent that we raise additional capital through
the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of such securities would likely result in substantial dilution
to existing stockholders. If we borrow money, we will have to pay interest and may also have to agree to restrictions that limit
our operating flexibility.
If
additional capital is not available in sufficient amounts or on a timely basis, we will experience liquidity problems, and we
could face the need to significantly curtail current operations, change our planned business strategies and pursue other remedial
measures. Any curtailment of business operations would have a material negative effect on operating results, the value of our
outstanding stock is likely to fall, and our business may fail, causing our stockholders to lose their entire investment.
Shareholders
could be diluted if we were to use common shares to raise capital.
We
may need to seek additional capital to carry our business plan. This financing could involve one or more types of securities including
common shares, convertible debt or warrants to acquire common shares. These securities could be issued at or below the then prevailing
market price for our common shares. Any issuance of additional common shares could be dilutive to existing stockholders and could
adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
The
Company’s common shares may be traded infrequently and in low volumes, which may negatively affect the ability to sell
shares.
The
Company’s common shares may trade infrequently and in low volumes on both the CSE and OTCQX, meaning that the number of
persons interested in purchasing our common shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent.
This situation may be attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown
to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community who can generate or influence
sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such institutionally oriented persons, they tend to be risk-averse
in this environment and would be reluctant to follow an early stage company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase
of our shares until such time as we became more advanced and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or
more when trading activity in the Company’s shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has
a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share
price. The Company cannot give you any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common shares
will develop or be sustained. Due to these conditions, we can give you no assurance that you will be able to sell your shares
at or near bid prices or at all if you need money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares. Further, institutional and other
investors may have investment guidelines that restrict or prohibit investing in securities traded in the over-the-counter market.
These factors may have an adverse impact on the trading and price of our securities, and could result in the loss by investors
of all or part of their investment.
The
Company’s common share price may be volatile.
The
future trading price of the Company’s common shares may be volatile and may fluctuate substantially. The price of the common
shares may be higher or lower than the price you pay for your shares, depending on many factors, some of which are beyond the
Company’s control and may not be directly related to its operating performance. These factors include the following:
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price
and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;
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significant
volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of mineral exploration
and mining companies;
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changes
in government regulations or regulatory policies with respect to mineral exploration
and mining companies or in the status of our regulatory approvals;
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actual
or anticipated changes in earnings or fluctuations in operating results;
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announcements
by us or by our competitors of acquisitions or of new products, commercial relationships
or capital commitments;
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disruption
to our operations or those of other contractors critical to our operations;
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the
emergence of new competitors;
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commencement
of, or our involvement in, litigation;
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dilutive
issuances of our common shares or the incurrence of additional debt;
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adoption
of new or different accounting standards;
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general
economic conditions and trends and slow or negative growth of related markets;
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loss
of a major funding source; or
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departures
of key personnel.
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Due
to the continued potential volatility of its stock price, the Company may be the target of securities litigation in the future.
Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from the business.
The
sale of shares by our directors and officers may adversely affect the market price for our shares.
Sales
of significant amounts of common shares held by our officers and directors, or the prospect of these sales, could adversely affect
the market price of our common shares. Management’s stock ownership may discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender
offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could reduce our stock price or prevent our stockholders
from realizing a premium over our stock price.
We
have never paid or declared any dividends on our common shares.
We
have never paid or declared any dividends on our common shares or preferred stock. Likewise, we do not anticipate paying, in the
near future, dividends or distributions on our common shares. Any future dividends on common shares will be declared at the discretion
of our board of directors and will depend, among other things, on our earnings, our financial requirements for future operations
and growth, and other facts as we may then deem appropriate.
Our
Chief Executive Officer is one of our largest stockholders, and as a result he can exert control over us and have actual or potential
interests that may diverge from yours.
George
Glasier, our CEO, beneficially owns, in the aggregate, about 17.4% of our common shares. As a result, Mr. Glasier might be able
to influence many matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of mergers and other
significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a
change in control, and could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common shares as part of
a sale of our company and may affect the market price of our stock.
Furthermore,
Mr. Glasier may have interests that diverge from those of other holders of our common shares. As a result, Mr. Glasier may vote
the shares he owns or controls or otherwise cause us to take actions that may conflict with your best interests as a stockholder,
which could adversely affect our results of operations and the trading price of our common shares. Through this control, Mr. Glasier
can control our management, affairs and all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the approval of significant corporate
transactions, a sale of our company, decisions about our capital structure and the composition of our Board of Directors.
ITEM
1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None
ITEM
2. PROPERTIES
Company
headquarters is maintained through a lease at 330 Bay Street, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 2S8.
An
operations facility is rented at 31617 Hwy 90 Road, Nucla, Colorado, USA 81424 which houses the Kinetic Separation units and an
office.
PROPERTIES
We
have no proven or probable reserves. However, as a company incorporated in Canada we have provided below resources qualifying
under National Instrument 43-101, for our Sunday Mines Complex and our San Rafael Uranium Project.
On
September 16, 2015, in connection with the Black Range Transaction, the Company acquired additional mineral properties. The mining
assets acquired through Black Range included assets in the states of Colorado, Wyoming and Alaska. None of these mining assets
are operational at this time. As these properties have not formally established proven or probable reserves, there may be greater
inherent uncertainty as to whether or not any mineralized material can be economically extracted as originally planned and anticipated.
The
Company’s mining properties acquired on August 18, 2014 that the Company retains as of December 31, 2019, include: San Rafael
Uranium Project located in Emery County, Utah; The Sunday Mine Complex located in western San Miguel County, Colorado; The Van
4 Mine located in western Montrose County, Colorado; The Sage Mine project located in San Juan County, Utah, and San Miguel County,
Colorado USA, and the Dunn Project located in San Juan County, Utah.
The
Company’s mining properties acquired on September 16, 2015 that the Company retains as of December 31, 2019, include Hansen,
North Hansen, High Park, Hansen Picnic Tree, and Taylor Ranch, located in Fremont and Teller Counties, Colorado. The Company also
acquired the Keota project located in Weld County, Colorado, and Ferris Haggerty located in Carbon County, Wyoming.
The
near term plan for the Company’s resources is to mine initially at the Sunday Complex. The Sunday Mine Complex is an
advanced stage property with a significant drilling and production history. Mining and drilling occurred contemporaneously
from the 1950’s through the mid 1980’s. From the 1980’s to the present, mining and drilling occurred only
sporadically, typically when uranium or vanadium prices were high. The last previous mining interval was from 2006 to 2009,
and based on the available records, only in 2009 did any surface drilling take place since mid-1980. Past operators have
generated abundant geologic and mining data and there are open faces underground that show mineralized zones.
Near
term exploration is not needed because the underground infrastructure has been already developed.
The
Property
The Sunday Mine Complex
is located in western San Miguel County and is part of the Uravan Mineral Belt. The property is situated 25 miles north of Dove
Creek, Colorado, on the north flank of Disappointment Valley and portions of Big Gypsum Valley. Energy Fuels Resources (USA) Inc.
(“EFR”) acquired the property in June 2012 from Denison Mines Corp. The complex consists of five individual mines
with mine workings located along a two mile stretch of the southern side of Big Gypsum Valley, with underground workings extending
generally south, with associated vents and surface facilities. The mines are, from east to west: Sunday, Carnation, Saint
Jude, West Sunday, and Topaz. The mines were last previously actively mined from 2007 to 2009.
The property consists of 221 unpatented
claims on public land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) Tres Rios Field Office, covering
approximately 3,800 acres. The area covers parts of sections 10, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, and 26 T44N
R18W, and sections 18, 19, 20, and 30 T44N R17W. Total annual BLM claim maintenance fee are approximately $34,255 due
September 1st each year. The property has access to grid power and has a natural underground source of water due to an aquifer.
As a mine that has produced in the recent past, the Sunday Mine Complex has a robust infrastructure. The roads are all-weather,
electric power is grid-tied, surface facility structures that meet Colorado State standards exist, and water is present. During
2019, a mine re-opening project was implemented at the Sunday Mine Complex to identify high-grade vanadium ore, followed by bulk
sampling and development drilling. Active mining was conducted and the extracted ore was stockpiled underground in the mines. Each
of the five associated mining permits are in Temporary Cessation status.
GMG,
Sunshine, and Patsun claims (totaling twenty claims in the northeast portion of the property) carry a 12.5% royalty
on all ore produced.
Accessibility
The
property is best accessed from Colorado. Access from Colorado is via State Highway 141 east out of Naturita, CO for about 3.7
mi (6 km) until the 141/145 Highway junction, then about 22.4 mi (36 km) south on Hwy 141, then about 6.2 mi (10 km) northwest
on County Road 20R (Gypsum Valley Road). The State Highway 141 is a paved all-weather road and the County Road 20R is a gravel
road passable in all but the worst weather.
History
The
Sunday Mine Complex consists of six different mines. These are the Topaz, West Sunday, Sunday, St. Jude, Carnation, and the GMG.
The mines have had a number of owners and operators. Maps and documents made available to the author show that the following companies
have been involved in the all or parts of the property prior to WUC acquisition of the SMC in April 2014: Matterhorn Mining (1950’s-1960’s,
Climax Uranium 1960’s, Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) 1970’s-1980’s, Atlas Minerals (1980’s), Energy
Fuels Nuclear (early 1990’s), International Uranium Corp. (1990’s-2000’s), Denison Mines (USA) (2000’s),
and Energy Fuels (2010’s). The documents are incomplete as so this list may be as well. Since UCC days, the ownership has
been clear. In 1983 Union Carbide transferred its mineral interests to UMETCO, a wholly-owned subsidiary. For the sake of consistency,
the name Union Carbide will be used even if technically the ownership was UMETCO at the time.
Records
made available by the Company and a search of public documents on-line indicates exploration drilling starting on
the property in the early 1950’s. Two Defense Minerals Exploration Administration (DMEA) reports, one on the Sunday area
and the other on the Topaz area, indicated some drilling and minor surface extraction had occurred by the mid 1950’s (DMEA,
1953 & 1956). Additionally, historic maps of the area show the Sunday mines in operation in the 1950’s (Denison Mines,
2008).
The
records & anecdotal evidence indicate that from the mid-1960’s until the early 1980’s, the SMC produced material
from relatively steady ongoing mining operations. These ceased in 1984 when Union Carbide closed their Uravan mill. Since then,
the property has been idle, with the exception of brief periods in the late 1980’s when UCC mined for a short time during
a spike in vanadium prices, in the mid-1990’s with International Uranium Corporation and another one in 2006-2009 when Denison
Mines extracted ore from the mine. During all three periods, the ore was processed at the White Mesa Mill located just south of
Blanding, UT.
Exploration
and development drilling on the property was contemporaneous with the mining. The available database records show that at least
1,419 holes have been drilled on the property. This is an incomplete list, as an examination of the available maps and cross-sections
show a number of holes that are not in the database. A best estimate for total distance drilled is about 850,100 ft (259,175 m).
Anecdotal evidence and some maps also give evidence that underground long holes (test holes drilled from the mine workings anywhere
from 50 ft (15 m) to 300 ft (91 m) long) were used extensively throughout the mined areas.
The
2-D digitized mine workings, done by Denison Mines show extensive stopping and drifting within parts of the SMC. Generational
mine maps indicate that more mine workings exist than are shown in the digital database. A very conservative rough estimate of
the linear mine workings based on the digital database is in excess of 50,000 ft (15,244 m) with many stopes. Figure 6.2.1 shows
the known drill hole and mine working locations.
Based
on the records and on field inspection, it is evident that the Property has a significant history of drill exploration and mine
development.
Anthony
R. Adkins, P. Geol., LLC was commissioned by Western Uranium & Vanadium to prepare an Independent Technical Report compliant
with the Canadian National Instrument 43-101 on the Sunday Mine Complex Uranium (SMC) Project, an advanced-stage uranium property.
The report was finalized on July 7, 2015 and filed on sedar.com on July 16, 2015.
The
report states that the Sunday Mine Complex has Measured and Indicated Resources of 203,217 tons grading at 0.25% U3O8 containing
1,007,803 lbs U3O8 and Inferred Resources of 264,604 tons grading at 0.36% containing 1,906,081 lbs U3O8. This Technical Report
resource is an historic estimate under NI 43-101. The historic mineral resource estimate was calculated by the area of influence
method, which is a common way for resources in the Uravan Mineral Belt to be estimated.
The
Sunday Mine Complex Technical Report filed by Western Uranium & Vanadium estimates mineral resources and not reserves. That
report does not use categories other than “mineral resources” and “mineral reserves”, and the Sunday Mine
Complex property was reported as having no reserve quality mineralization. There is no more recent or available data on the Sunday
Mine Complex project resource than that of the Western Uranium & Vanadium Technical Report from 2015. In order to disclose
the historic resource as current, the Company needs to have completed and filed an NI 43-101 technical report on sedar.com which
includes discussion on the reasonable prospect for economic extraction of the mineral resource. A qualified person (as understood
under NI 43-101) has not done sufficient work to classify the historical estimate as current mineral resources or mineral reserves,
and the Company is not treating the historical estimate as current mineral resources or mineral reserves. In order to upgrade
or verify the historical estimate provided by the Western Uranium & Vanadium Technical Report, the Company would have to engage
a qualified person to, among other things, take account of any exploration or other work on the Sunday Mine Complex since the
date of the historical estimate and otherwise produce a report under NI 43-101.
Project
Geology
Geologically,
the main hosts for uranium-vanadium mineralization in the Sunday Mine Complex are fluvial sandstone beds assigned to the upper
part of the Salt Wash Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation, with minor production coming from conglomeratic sandstones assigned
to the lower portion of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation. Mineralization from both members is present at the
property, with the mine production coming from the Salt Wash Member. Beds generally strike NW-SE and dip SW, with some exceptions
within fault bounded blocks adjacent to Big Gypsum Valley.
Restoration
and Reclamation
Each of
the mines are permitted separately with the DRMS and are considered to be in temporary cessation status. The mines and their permitted
acres and reclamation bonds are, from east to west, the Sunday (60 acres, $330,242), Carnation (9.8 acres, $40,245),
Saint Jude (9.8 acres, $61,022), West Sunday (12.1 acres, $85,036), and Topaz (30 acres, $99,893).
Permitting
Status
The
air permits for the site are currently being renewed with APCD. A Stormwater permit is in place with the WQCD and a Stormwater Management
Plan is in effect. However, a mine water treatment plant will need to be permitted for treating mine water, as there is currently
55 million gallons of water in the lower portion of the mine where most of the remaining resource is located. This will require
a discharge permit with the DWQC and revisions to the Plan of Operations, EPP, and one of the DRMS mine permits. Special Use Permits
are also in place with San Miguel County, which mainly address road maintenance and transportation issues with some limitations
in effect on when and how many trucks may be used for ore haulage to the mill.
On February 4, 2020, the Colorado DRMS sent a Notice of Hearing
to Declare Termination of Mining Operations to Western for the Sunday Mine Complex. At issue is the application of an unchallenged
Colorado Court of Appeals Opinion for a separate mine, with very different facts that is retroactively modifying DRMS rules and
regulations. The Company maintains that it was timely in meeting existing rules and regulations. The formal hearing was scheduled
to be held during the April 22-23, 2020 MLRB Board meeting, which has now been moved to the May 13-14, 2020 MLRB Board meeting
due to the impacts of the COVID-19 virus.
Major
permits currently in place at the Sunday Complex include:
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●
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Sunday 112d
Mine Permit M-1977-285 (DRMS)
|
|
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St.
Jude 110d Mine Permit M-1978-039-HR (DRMS)
|
|
●
|
West Sunday 112d
Mine Permit M-1981-021 (DRMS)
|
|
●
|
Carnation
110d Mine Permit M-1977-416 (DRMS)
|
|
●
|
Topaz
112d Mine Permit M-1980-055-HR (DRMS)
|
|
●
|
West Sunday Plan
of Operations COC 52049 (BLM)
|
|
●
|
Sunday,
St. Jude and Carnation Plan of Operations COC-53227 (BLM)
|
|
●
|
Resolution
#1997-18 Mine Permit (San Miguel County)
|
|
●
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Resolution
2007-34 Topaz and Sunday Expansion (San Miguel County)
|
|
●
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Resolution
2008-41 Increased Ore Haulage (San Miguel County)
|
|
●
|
Road
& Bridge Special Construction Permit (SCP) 06-14 (San Miguel County)
|
The
Property
The
San Rafael Uranium Project land position is comprised of a contiguous claim block covered by 136 BM unpatented federal lode mining
claims and 10 Hollie unpatented federal lode mining claims.
The
San Rafael Project is located in the historic Tidwell District about 10 miles west of Green River, Utah. Most of the property
is north of Interstate Highway 70 at the Hanksville exit.
Energy
Fuels became operator of the San Rafael Project when it acquired Magnum Minerals in June 2009. It consisted of two core uranium
deposits, the Deep Gold and the Down Yonder. In January 2011, EFR acquired the 10 Hollie claims from Titan Uranium. These claims
covered the eastern portion of the Deep Gold deposit, greatly increasing resources. WUC acquired the property from Energy Fuels
and currently holds the 146 claims in the project area.
The
San Rafael Uranium Project is currently being held as a property that is exploratory in nature with no identified reserves. Exploration
and mining plans have not been prepared for the project. Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. has not yet undertaken any development
work at the property. Power and water sources have not yet been formally assessed.
Magnum’s
acquisition of the claims and some of the data Magnum purchased encumbers the claims. This includes a 2% Net Smelter Return royalty
to Uranium One, successor to Energy Metals for claims acquired by Magnum as earn-in to a JV, and a 2% net sales price royalty
to Kelly Dearth on the BM claims. There is no royalty on the Hollie claims.
The
unpatented claims are located on approximately 2,900 acres of land administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in sections
13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 35, T21S, R14E, SLPM, Emery County, Utah. Holding cost $22,630 due to BLM for claim maintenance fees
prior to September 1 each year.
Accessibility
The
property is located on the eastern side of the San Rafael Swell in east-central Utah, approximately 140 air miles southeast of
Salt Lake City. The little desert community of Green River, Utah is located about ten miles to the east. In a general sense the
San Rafael Uranium Project property position lies within a wedge shaped area, roughly bound along its northeast edge by US Highway
6-50 and along its southeast edge by Interstate 70.
Concerning
additional local access features, U.S. Highway 6-50 crosses just north of the greater San Rafael Uranium Project area in a northwesterly
direction and is roughly paralleled by the regional railroad line. Access to the property is generally good year around, except
for periods of heavy snowstorms during December through February and increased monsoon rains and summer cloudburst storms during
August through October. Access for drilling and other exploration activity is excellent, except during occasional heavy rainy
periods which can create heavy flash flooding and roads mudding-up and becoming impassable.
History
The
Deep Gold deposit was originally discovered by Continental Oil Company (Conoco) and Pioneer Uravan geologists in the late 1960s
and 1970s to early 1980s, respectively. Exploration drilling was conducted just east of the core of the Tidwell Mineral Belt and
north-northeast of the Acerson Mineral Belt. The area containing the deposits was considered to contain highly prospective paleo
trunk stream channel trends. Some of the larger historic producing mines in the area were Atlas Minerals’ Snow, Probe, and
Lucky Mines. The deposit in the San Rafael Project is an open concordant, channel-controlled, sandstone-hosted, trend type, with
mineralization hosted in the upper sandstone sequence of the Salt Wash Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation.
In
addition to Conoco, Pioneer Uravan, and Atlas Minerals, the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and other companies (Union Carbide,
Energy Fuels Nuclear, and others) conducted exploration drilling and mining in the area. Some of these companies performed historic
resource estimates on the Deep Gold deposits, but, they are not considered compliant with NI 43-101 standards. These resource
estimates are of historical importance, were generated by senior mining companies with significant uranium exploration and production
experience and are considered as relevant checks to this updated Technical Report.
Depth
to mineralization at the Deep Gold deposit in Section 23 averages 800 feet, with hole depths averaging approximately 1,000 feet.
Magnum purchased and otherwise acquired most of the available historic exploration data produced by the previous operators. A
100 hole, 100,000 foot drilling program is warranted to discover and define additional uranium resources. Total cost for this
work would be $US 1.3 million to $US 1.5 million, based on an all-inclusive cost of $US 15/foot.
The
Tidwell Mineral Belt and the San Rafael Uranium District have been the sites of considerable historic exploration drilling and
production, with over 4 million pounds of uranium and 5.4 million pounds of vanadium produced. Production from the Snow, immediately
up dip of the Deep Gold deposit, which produced for nine years, starting in March 1973 and ending in January, 1982 consisted of
650,292 pounds of U3O8 contained in 173,330 tons of material at an average grade of 0.188% U3O8 (Wilbanks, 1982).
O.
Jay Gatten, P. Geol., LLC was commissioned by Western Uranium & Vanadium to prepare an Independent Technical Report compliant
with the Canadian National Instrument 43-101 on the San Rafael Uranium Project (including the: Deep Gold Uranium Deposit and the
Down Yonder Uranium Deposit), an advanced-stage uranium property. The report was finalized on November 19, 2014 and filed on sedar.com
on November 20, 2015.
The
filed Technical Report states that the Deep Gold deposit of the San Rafael Project comprises a historic indicated uranium resource
of 475,000 tons grading at 0.25% U3O8 containing 2,415,300 lbs U3O8 and a historic inferred Mineral Resource of 92,350 tons grading
at 0.32% U3O8 containing 587,800 lbs U3O8. This Technical Report resource is an historic estimate under NI 43-101. The historic
mineral resource estimate was calculated by using polygonal and statistical methods. Both methods have been successfully applied in
the evaluation of resources at many prospects and operating mines within the Salt Wash sandstone uranium deposits.
The
San Rafael Uranium Project Technical Report filed by Western Uranium & Vanadium estimates mineral resources and not reserves.
That report does not use categories other than “mineral resources” and “mineral reserves”, and the San
Rafael Uranium Project property was reported as having no reserve quality mineralization. There is no more recent or available
data on the San Rafael Uranium Project resource than that of the Western Uranium & Vanadium Technical Report from 2014. In
order to disclose the historic resource as current, the Company needs to have completed and filed an NI 43-101 technical report
on sedar.com which includes discussion on the reasonable prospect for economic extraction of the mineral resource. A qualified
person (as understood under NI 43-101) has not done sufficient work to classify the historical estimate as current mineral resources
or mineral reserves, and the Company is not treating the historical estimate as current mineral resources or mineral reserves.
In order to upgrade or verify the historical estimate provided by the Western Uranium & Vanadium Technical Report, the Company
would have to engage a qualified person to, among other things, take account of any exploration or other work on the San Rafael
Uranium Project since the date of the historical estimate and otherwise produce a report under NI 43-101.
Project
Geology
Geologically,
the main hosts for uranium-vanadium mineralization in the San Rafael Project are the fluvial sandstone beds assigned to the upper
part of the Salt Wash Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation.
Restoration
and Reclamation
All
exploration permits have been terminated and all bonds released. An EA was completed by BLM in 2008 for drilling up to 150 holes.
A large area has been surveyed for cultural and paleontological resources which would expedite future exploration permits. No
mine permitting activities have yet occurred.
Permitting
Status
All
exploration permits have been terminated and all bonds released. An EA was completed by BLM in 2008 for drilling up to 150 holes.
A large area has been surveyed for cultural and paleontological resources which would expedite future exploration permits. No
mine permitting activities have yet occurred.
The
Property
On
July 1, 2014 PRM concluded a deal with EFR to acquire 44 contiguous unpatented mining claims on the Utah side of the Colorado-Utah
state line at the head of Summit Canyon at the south end of the Uravan Mineral Belt.
The 94 unpatented
claims are located on approximately 1,942 acres land administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in sections 34 and 35,
T32S, R26E, SLPM, San Juan County, Utah and sections 25 and 26, T43N, R20W, NMPM, and sections 19, 29, 30, 31, and 32, T43N, R19W,
NMPM San Miguel County, Colorado. Holding cost is $14,370 due to BLM for claim maintenance fees prior to September 1 each
year. The property has access to grid power, however, no source of industrial water has yet been identified. The Sage Mine Project
is currently being held as a property that is exploratory in nature with no identified reserves. Exploration and mining plans
have not been prepared for the project. Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. has not yet undertaken any development work at the
property.
Accessibility
The
Sage Plain Project property can be accessed from the north, south, and east on paved, all-weather county roads. The nearest towns
with stores, restaurants, lodging, and small industrial supply retailers are Monticello, Utah, 26 road miles to the west, and
Dove Creek, Colorado, 20 road miles to the southeast. Larger population centers with more supplies and services are available
farther away at Moab, Utah (61 road miles to the north) and Cortez, Colorado (54 road miles to the southeast).
U.S.
Highway 491 connects Monticello, Utah to Dove Creek and Cortez, Colorado. There are two routes north from this highway to the
project. At one mile west of the Colorado/Utah state line (16 miles east of Monticello or 10 miles west of Dove Creek), San Juan
County Road 370 goes north for 10 miles to the Calliham Mine portal site drive way. The mine portal is one-half mile east of Road
370, on a private road. An alternate route is to turn north on Colorado Highway 141(2 miles west of Dove Creek) for 9.5 miles
to Egnar, Colorado, then turn west on San Miguel County. Road H1 for 1.2 miles before intersecting San Juan County Road 370. Road
370 would be taken north for 4 miles to the Calliham Mine portal site driveway. Road H1 from Egnar would also be used if one was
traveling to the project on Highway 141 from farther north in Colorado, such as Naturita, Colorado (a total of 62 miles away).
History
The
property includes the historic producing Sage Mine and boarders the famous Deremo Mine and the Calliham Mine (combined
historic production of over 8 million lbs. U3O8 and 70 million lbs. V2O5). The uranium-vanadium deposits
occur in the upper and middle sandstones of the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation.
WUC
is in possession of historic mine and drill maps. About 200 historic holes were drilled on the claims at the Sage Mine. A considerable,
but unknown amount of drilling occurred historically on the eastern (Colorado) part of the claims along the benches of Summit
and Bishop Canyons. Historic production from several small mines occurred on the Colorado claims (Red Ant, Black Spider, etc.).
The
Sage Mine was developed, operated, and permitted by Atlas Minerals in the 1970s. It closed in 1982 and was ultimately sold and
the permit transferred to Butt Mining Company under a Small Mine NOI. Jim Butt operated the mine for a short time in the early
1990s when vanadium prices were high; however, the mine has been idle since that time.
In
the fall of 2011, Colorado Plateau Partners drilled seven holes totaling 4,873 feet at the Sage Mine property to confirm historic
map data and explore for a possible east-west channel connecting the mine to a mineralized body to the west. The drilling was
successful in meeting the objectives of confirming the accuracy of the historic data and verifying a historically defined mineralized
body. One hole exploring a possible mineralized trend connecting the mine to the western mineralized body intercepted 2.0 feet
of 0.407% eU3O8. Another hole intercepted mineralization greater than 1.0 foot of 0.16% eU3O8.
Prior
to the Company’s acquisition of the Sage Mine property, Energy Fuels, Colorado Plateau Partners (a Joint Venture between
Energy Fuels and Lynx-Royal) completed a NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Sage Plain Project (Technical Report on Colorado
Plateau Partners LLC (Energy Fuel Resources Corporation/Lynx-Royal JV) Sage Plain Project, San Juan County, Utah and San Miguel
County, Colorado by Douglas C. Peters, Certified Professional Geologist, Peters Geosciences Golden, Colorado December 16, 2011)
(the “Sage Mine Energy Fuels Technical Report”).
The
report stated that the Sage Mine portion of the Colorado Plateau Partners properties has resources in the combined Measured and
Indicated categories of ~100,000 tons containing 459,640 lbs U3O8 grading at 0.23%, plus Inferred Resources of
41,280 tons containing 122,265 lbs U3O8 grading at 0.15%. The Sage Mine Energy Fuels Technical Report resource is an historic
estimate under NI 43-101.
The
historic mineral resource estimate was calculated by a modified polygonal method. The Sage Mine area had drill spacing of 50-150
feet. At locations where drifting or stopping has removed portions of polygons, appropriate reductions to the resources assigned
in those polygons were made. Mining assumptions were used in determining a cutoff grade for the resource estimates. The minimum
mining thickness for this type of deposit is considered to be 2 feet. Uranium resource grades of 0.00% were used to dilute any
intercept less than 1 foot of to meet the 2 feet minimum.
The
Sage Mine Energy Fuels Technical Report filed by Colorado Plateau Partners estimates mineral resources and not reserves. That
report does not use categories other than “mineral resources” and “mineral reserves”, and the Sage Mine
property was reported as having no reserve quality mineralization. There is no more recent or available data on the Sage Mine
project resource than that of the Energy Fuels Technical Report from Colorado Plateau Partners. In order to disclose the historic
resource as current, the Company needs to have completed and filed an NI 43-101 technical report to sedar.com. A qualified person
(as understood under NI 43-101) has not done sufficient work to classify the historical estimate as current mineral resources
or mineral reserves, and the Company is not treating the historical estimate as current mineral resources or mineral reserves.
In order to upgrade or verify the historical estimate provided by the Sage Mine Energy Fuels Technical Report, the Company would
have to engage a qualified person to, among other things, take account of any exploration or other work on the Sage Mine since
the date of the historical estimate and otherwise produce a report under NI 43-101.
Energy
Fuels submitted an Exploration NOI to the BLM in March 2013 for the site thereby establishing a nominal permit for the facility.
Permitting for mine expansion was started in 2012, but was discontinued due to other priorities. This work included installing
3 monitoring wells around a proposed portable water treatment plant (exploration permit E/037/0188; bond $16,020) and conducting
baseline studies (archeology, biology, groundwater). Eight baseline groundwater sampling events have been completed, which will
allow for submittal of a complete groundwater discharge permit application to DWQ. The Sage Mine Energy Fuels Technical Report
resource provides an historic estimate. The Company has a high degree of confidence in the referenced NI 43-101 Technical Report
which references the Company’s Sage Project.
Other
than offsetting some of the historic drill holes and use of gamma logs where available, no verification of the historical data
has been conducted. No core is available at the present time from the earlier exploration or production work.
It
was Douglas C. Peter’s (author of the referenced NI 43-101 Technical Report) opinion that the uranium and vanadium data
from drilling in 2011 and from historical information on analyses and down hole probing were adequate for the purposes of that
technical report and for basic resource estimation using those data.
Project
Geology
The
Sage Plain and nearby Slick Rock and Dry Valley/East Canyon districts uranium vanadium deposits are a similar type to those elsewhere
in the Uravan Mineral Belt. The location and shape of mineralized deposits are largely controlled by the permeability of the host
sandstone. Most mineralization is in trends where Top Rim sandstones are thick, usually 40 feet or greater.
The
Sage Plain District appears to be a large channel of Top Rim sandstone which trends northeast, as one of the major trunk channels
that is fanning into distributaries in the southern portion of the Uravan Mineral Belt. The Calliham/Crain/Skidmore (Calliham
Mine) and Sage Mine deposits, as well as nearby Deremo and Wilson/Silverbell mines appear to be controlled by meandering within
this main channel.
The
Morrison sediments accumulated as oxidized detritus in the fluvial environment. During early burial and diagenesis, the through-flowing
ground water within the large, saturated pile of Salt Wash and Brushy Basin material remained oxidized, thereby transporting uranium
in solution. When the uranium-rich waters encountered the zones of trapped reduced waters, the uranium precipitated. Vanadium
may have been leached from the detrital iron-titanium mineral grains and subsequently deposited along with or prior to the uranium.
The
thickness, the gray color, and pyrite and carbon contents of sandstones, along with gray or green mudstone, were recognized by
early workers as significant and still serve as exploration guides. Much of the Top Rim sandstone in the Sage Plain Project area
exhibits these favorable features; therefore, portions of the property with only widely spaced drill holes hold potential. However,
without the historic drill data, it cannot be determined where sedimentary facies are located (e.g., channel sandstones thin and
pinch-out, or sandstone grades and interfingers into pink and red oxidized sandstone and overbank mudstones). Furthermore, locations
of interface zones of the oxidized and reduced environments are hard to predict. Until more historic data are obtained and/or
more drilling occurs on the property away from the historic mines, these outlying areas remain exploration targets.
Restoration
and Reclamation
An
exploration bond is posted with the Utah Division of Oil Gas and Mining for the amount of $31,149.
Permitting
Status
Although
the mine is permitted (S/037/0058) and bonded ($31,149) for reclamation with the Utah Division of Oil Gas and Mining, it is not
permitted for mining. Because of its location on BLM managed land, an Environmental Assessment will need to be prepared for the
site by a third-party contractor once a Plan of Operations is submitted for the mine operation. An amendment to the Small Mine
Reclamation NOI will also be needed with Utah Division of Oil Gas and Mining to allow for mine expansion.
Existing
permits include:
Small
Mine Reclamation permit with the Utah Division of Oil Gas and Mining.
Basis
of Disclosure
The
scientific and technical information provided in this Form 10-K on the Sage Mine, as well all data and exploration information
reported in this Form 10-K on the Sage Mine, is based on the information reported in the Sage Mine Energy Fuels Technical Report.
The
Property
The
11 unpatented claims are located on approximately 220 acres of land administered by the BLM in sections 14 and 15, T32S, R25E,
SLPM, San Juan County, Utah. Holding costs of the 11 claims will be $1,705 due to BLM before September 1 each year.
The
Dunn Project is currently being held as a property that is exploratory in nature with no identified reserves. Exploration and
mining plans have not been prepared for the project. Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. has not yet undertaken any development
work at the property. Power and water sources have not yet been formally assessed.
Accessibility
The
property lies in Bear Trap Canyon, a tributary at the head of East Canyon. This is midway between the EFR Rim Mine and the
Calliham/Sage mine area. Access to the Dunn project is from West Summit Road (San Juan County Road 313), 10.8 miles north of the
junction with U.S. Highway 491. West Summit Road is a two-lane paved road that is well maintained year round. At 10.8 miles, a
graveled Class D County Road (unnamed), spurs off of West Summit Road, passes through the leased lands and terminates at the Dunn
Portal at approximately 2.1 miles from the spur. The nearest town to the Dunn project is Monticello, Utah which is approximately
65 miles away. The closest commercial airport facilities are located in Cortez, Colorado, approximately 65 miles to the southeast,
and Moab, Utah approximately 65 miles to the northwest; both airports have daily commercial flights to-and-from Denver International
Airport.
History
The
first discovery of uranium-vanadium mineralization within close proximity to the Dunn project was by Homestake Mining Company
in the late 1960s at what would eventually become the Wilson Mine 4 miles to the east. Mineralization associated with the Dunn
mine was discovered by Gulf Oil Corporation in the late 1960s, which was subsequently acquired by Homestake, followed by Atlas
Minerals in the 1970’s. Between 1975 and 1983 Atlas completed 243 drill holes at the Dunn project with an average total
depth of 724 feet. By 1981, Atlas had delineated a resource that could justify the construction of a 3,825 foot decline. The decline
successfully reached the perimeter of delineated mineralization, but before any production-mining, Atlas ceased operations in
1983 when faced with financial setbacks that required them to divert funds.
In
July, 2013, Energy Fuels Resources acquired the Dunn Mine property from American Strategic Minerals Corporation and Kyle Kimmerle.
Project
Geology
The
Dunn project occurs on structurally unaffected terrain between the gently folded Boulder Knoll anticline to the southwest and
the more prominent salt-cored Lisbon Valley anticline to the northeast. The strata beneath the project are relatively flat, and
no major faults or folds are expected to disrupt bedding or unit contacts.
Uranium-vanadium
mineralization at the Dunn is hosted in the Salt Wash Member of the Jurassic Morrison formation which occurs at approximately
500 to 750 feet below the surface. The average depth to the mineralized sandstones within the Salt Wash Member is 650 feet from
the surface.
The
primary uranium mineral is uraninite with minor amounts of coffinite. The primary vanadium mineral is Montroseite.
Restoration
and Reclamation.
No
liabilities currently exist.
Permitting
Status
No
permits currently exist.
Basis
of Disclosure
The
scientific and technical information provided in this Form 10-K on the Dunn Project American Strategic Mineral Corporation is
based on information provided in a NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared by American Strategic Minerals Corporation (the previous
owner of the Dunn Project) entitled Technical Report on American Strategic Minerals Corporation’s Dunn Project, San Juan
County, Utah by Dr. David A. Gonzales, PhD, PG, Durango, Colorado March 23, 2012. Mr. Gonzales is a qualified person for purposes
of NI 43-101. However, none of the data, other exploration information or other results reported in that report are being incorporated
into this Form 10-K.
The
Property
The
Van#4 is located in the Uravan Mineral Belt on Monogram Mesa in Montrose County, Colorado. The property had been held by Denison
and its predecessors for many years. The property consists of 80 unpatented mining claims covering the mine site and long-known
deposit to the east, plus two large claim groups to the north, east, and south with exploration potential.
The 80 unpatented
claims are located on approximately 1,900 acres land administered by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management in sections
27, 28, 29, 33, and 34, T48N, R17W, NMPM, and some in section 3, T47N, R17W, Montrose County, Colorado. The Holding costs of the
80 claims will be $12,400 due to BLM before September 1 each year. There are no royalties encumbering these
claims.
The
property includes the Van #4 shaft and associated surface facilities, which need renovation. The mine is connected to the Ura decline
on claims in Bull Canyon to the southwest, not owned by WUC. It has been on standby for many years. Denison completed reclamation
of two of the ventilation holes in 2008 and 2010. The property has access to grid power; however, no source of industrial water
has been identified yet. The Van 4 mine is currently being held as a property that is exploratory in nature. Exploration and mining
plans have not been prepared for the project. Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. has not yet undertaken any development work
at the property. Power and water sources have not yet been assessed.
A
prior owner of the Company’s Van 4 Mine had been granted a first Temporary Cessation from reclamation of the mine by the
Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board (“MLRB”) which was set to expire June 23, 2017. Prior to its expiration, PRM
formally requested an extension through a second Temporary Cessation. PRM subsequently participated in a public process which
culminated in a hearing on July 26, 2017. Prior to the hearing, three non-profit organizations who pursue environmental and conservation
objectives filed a brief objecting to the extension. The MLRB board members voted to grant a second five-year Temporary Cessation
for the Van 4 Mine. Thereafter, the three objecting parties filed a lawsuit on September 18, 2017. The MLRB was named as the defendant
and PRM was named as a party to the case due to the Colorado law requirement that any lawsuit filed after a hearing must include
all of the parties in the proceeding. The plaintiff organizations are seeking for the court to set aside the board order granting
a second five-year Temporary Cessation period to PRM for the Van 4 Mine. The Colorado state Attorney General was defending this
action in the Denver Colorado District Court. On May 8, 2018, the Denver Colorado District Court ruled in favor, whereby the additional
five-year temporary cessation period was granted. The Plaintiffs appealed this ruling to the Colorado Court of Appeals and on
July 25, 2019 the ruling was reversed, whereby it was ruled the additional five-year temporary cessation period should not have
been granted. The Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board (CMLRB) and the Colorado Attorney General decided that it would not make
an additional appeal of the ruling. The Judge has subsequently issued an instruction for the MLRB to issue an order revoking the
permit and putting the Van 4 Mine into reclamation. On March 2, 2020, the MLRB issued an order vacating the Van 4 Temporary Cessation,
terminating mining operations and ordering commencement of final reclamation. The Company has begun preparations for the reclamation
of the Van 4 Mine. The reclamation cost is fully covered by the reclamation bonds posted upon acquisition of the property.
Accessibility
The
Van #4 mine is accessible via Montrose County Roads year-round.
History
The
Van#4 was initially permitted in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Union Carbide as part of a number of small mines named the
Thunderbolt Group. Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. (EFN) acquired the mine in 1984 and then transferred the mine and permits to International
Uranium Corporation (IUC) in 1997. IUC re-permitted the mine with DRMS (then known as the Division of Minerals and Geology) in
1999 because the previous permit had included other mines in the area that were not acquired by IUC. Mine Permit M-1997-032
with DRMS is currently in good standing and bonded for $75,057. Amendment AM-1, which incorporated the approved EPP, was issued
on May 30, 2012. The permit has been transferred over the years from IUC to Denison Mines (USA) Corp. to Energy Fuels Resources
(USA) Inc. and now to WUC by way of PRM.
Project
Geology
The
uranium-vanadium deposits occur in the upper and middle sandstones of the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation. Deposits
in this part of the Uravan Mineral Belt have a moderate V2O5: U3O8 ratio. The Company is in possession of much historic
mine and drill data (former Union Carbide/Umetco property), as well as up-to-date mine maps. Denison drilled most
recently (summer 2008) 21 wide-spaced exploration holes in sections 27 and 34. All have been reclaimed and the permit terminated.
Restoration
and Reclamation.
There
is a reclamation bond held by the Colorado DRMS for $75,057.
Permitting
Status
Permit
compliance is currently limited to an annual stormwater inspection; stormwater improvement work was completed
in 2010 and 2012. The air permit with APCD was recently allowed to lapse, as the company does not have any immediate development
or operation plans for the mine. The mine does not have EPA approval for radon emissions; however, this approval may not be needed
to restart mining, as the life-of-mine production will likely be less than 100,000 tons. The DRMS mining permit was put into Temporary
Cessation in February, 2014. Existing major permits at the mine include:
|
●
|
BLM
Plan of Operations COC-62522 (same as DRMS Permit M-97-032)
|
|
●
|
DRMS
110d (Small Mine, DMO) Mine Permit M-97-032
|
A
prior owner of the Company’s Van 4 Mine had been granted a first Temporary Cessation from reclamation of the mine by the
Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board (“MLRB”) which was set to expire June 23, 2017. Prior to its expiration, PRM
formally requested an extension through a second Temporary Cessation. PRM subsequently participated in a public process which
culminated in a hearing on July 26, 2017. Prior to the hearing, three non-profit organizations who pursue environmental and conservation
objectives filed a brief objecting to the extension. The MLRB board members voted to grant a second five-year Temporary Cessation
for the Van 4 Mine. Thereafter, the three objecting parties filed a lawsuit on September 18, 2017. The MLRB was named as the defendant
and PRM was named as a party to the case due to the Colorado law requirement that any lawsuit filed after a hearing must include
all of the parties in the proceeding. The plaintiff organizations are seeking for the court to set aside the board order granting
a second five-year Temporary Cessation period to PRM for the Van 4 Mine. The Colorado state Attorney General was defending this
action in the Denver Colorado District Court. On May 8, 2018, the Denver Colorado District Court ruled in favor, whereby the additional
five-year temporary cessation period was granted. The Plaintiffs appealed this ruling to the Colorado Court of Appeals and on
July 25, 2019 the ruling was reversed, whereby the additional five-year temporary cessation period should not have been granted.
The Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board (CMLRB) and the Colorado Attorney General decided that it would not make an additional
appeal of the ruling. The Judge has subsequently issued an instruction for the MLRB to issue an order revoking the permit and
putting the Van 4 Mine into reclamation. On March 2, 2020, the MLRB issued an order vacating the Van 4 Temporary Cessation, terminating
mining operations and ordering commencement of final reclamation. The Company has begun preparations for the reclamation of the
Van 4 Mine. The reclamation cost is fully covered by the reclamation bonds posted upon acquisition of the property. During the
year ended December 31, 2019, the Company adjusted the fair value of its reclamation obligation and for the Van 4 Mine. The portion
of the reclamation liability related to the Van 4 Mine, and its related restricted cash are included in current liabilities, and
current assets, respectively, at a value of $75,057.
The
Property
Within
the Project area, Black Range has mining agreements, owns fee minerals, holds options to purchase fee mineral rights, holds federal
unpatented mining claims and mineral leases with the State of Colorado, and has in place surface access agreements, including:
-
1 x private Mineral Lease
-
1 x State Mineral Lease (UR3324)
-
1 x option to purchase 100% of the Hansen and Picnic Tree Deposits
-
108 Federal unpatented mining claims
The
Hansen/Taylor Ranch Project is currently being held as a property that is exploratory in nature with no identified reserves. Neither
exploration plans nor a mining plan exist for the project. Black Range Minerals has not undertaken development work at the property
since groundwater well installation in 2013. Power and water sources have not yet been formally assessed.
Notably
a portion of the Hansen/Taylor deposit was in dispute during 2017. On September 16, 2015, in connection with the Company’s
acquisition of Black Range, the Company assumed an option and exploration agreement (the “Option and Exploration Agreement”)
with STB Minerals, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company (“STB”). The Option and Exploration Agreement gives the
Company the right to purchase 51% of the mineral rights of specific areas of the Hansen and Picnic Tree deposits (for which the
Company already holds 49% of the rights). If the Company were to exercise its option under the Option and Exploration Agreement,
it would require the Company to (a) make a cash payment of $2,500,000 immediately upon exercise; (b) issue common shares to STB
amounting to a value of $3,750,000 immediately upon exercise; and (c) issue common shares to STB amounting to a value of $3,750,000
on the date that is 180 days following exercise. The Option and Exploration Agreement was scheduled to expire by its terms on
July 28, 2017 if not exercised.
The Option and Exploration Agreement provided an extension
for an “event of force majeure”. Under this clause, the Company would receive an extension of the period during which
it could exercise its option if it experiences an unreasonable delay outside its control that prevents it from exercising the
option. On May 10, 2017, the Company provided to STB a notice that it was exercising the force majeure clause due to the
delay by government regulators in licensing the Company’s Kinetic Separation and permitting mining at the Hansen property.
STB has contested the Company’s finding that an event of force majeure has occurred. Ongoing negotiations continued until
September 21, 2017 when the Company and STB agreed to settle the matter through the pre-established arbitration mechanism. Prior
to the commencement of arbitration, a settlement was agreed to on February 28, 2018 through the execution of an Amendment of Option
and Exploration Agreement. As consideration, the Company paid STB a $20,000 extension payment and granted STB the right to seek
a bona fide written offer over the remaining term, and agreed to the removal of the force majeure clause from the agreement. The
Company received an extension until July 28, 2019 and a right of first refusal to match any bona fide written offer. Hence the
Company already owned 49% of the resource property and retained an option to purchase the 51% of the resource property that the
Company did not already own for the duration of the agreement. Further the Company believes the execution of this agreement was
without financial implications, and as such, the Company has not made any adjustment to these consolidated financials related
to this matter.
Prior
to July 28, 2019, the Company decided not to exercise the option to purchase the remaining 51% of the mineral rights of specific
areas of the Hansen and Picnic Tree deposits, and thus the option has expired unexercised.
Accessibility
The
Project is located in Fremont County, in South Central Colorado approximately 30 miles northwest of the city of Canon City. Canon
City is the closest population center, and had a population of 16,400 in 2010. The largest metropolitan area in close proximity
to the Project is Colorado Springs which is located approximately 46 miles northeast of Canon City and has a population of approximately
416,000. Figure 1 shows the locations of these population centers with respect to the Project.
For
ground travel, Canon City is best accessed from Denver/Colorado Springs via I-25 south to State Highway 115 which intersects Highway
50 just east of Canon City. For air travel, alternatives include the Colorado Springs Municipal Airport (COS), which is a 16-gate
facility served by 14 airlines and Denver’s International Airport (DEN), which is 149 miles from Canon City. There is a
small airport, Fremont County Airport (CNE), located in Canon City, which is open to private flights. The property has access
to grid power; however, no source of industrial water has been identified yet.
History
Uranium
mineralization was discovered in the Tallahassee Creek District in 1954 by two groups of prospectors. Between 1954 and 1972, 16
small open pit and underground mines were operated in the district. Discoveries, and most producing mines and production were
in the Tallahassee Creek Conglomerate, with one mine, the Smaller Mine, producing from the Echo Park Formation. Exploration efforts
were minimal until Rampart Exploration Company (Rampart), under contract to Cyprus, explored the Taylor Ranch area beginning in
1974 and discovered the Hansen Uranium Deposit along with other uranium deposits in the district. Cyprus took the Hansen and Picnic
Tree deposits through a positive final feasibility analysis in 1980 for an open-pit mining and conventional uranium milling operation,
and secured all necessary operating permits in 1981. The collapse of the uranium market led to Cyprus abandoning the project which
lay dormant until Black Range Minerals began activities in late 2006.
Black
Range Mineral’s Taylor Ranch Project, CO, consists of a combination of private, BLM and State Section minerals, and private,
BLM and State Section surface rights. Ownership of the private minerals and surface has mainly been by local ranchers. Western
Nuclear held a portion of the property briefly in 1968. Cyprus gained control of mineral and surface rights during the period
1975-1978.
In
1993, Cyprus sold their Tallahassee Creek holdings to Noah (Buddy) and Diane Taylor who had managed ranching activities on the
property. The Taylors were not able to make the final payment to Cyprus and sold the southern portion of their holdings which
included the Hansen and Picnic Tree deposits to New Mexico and Arizona Land (now NZ Minerals) in 1996 who, in 1998, sold the property
to South T-Bar Ranch, a subsidiary of Colorado developer Land Properties, while reserving a 49% interest in the minerals.
This
part of Cyprus’ prior holdings was subdivided, mainly into 35-acre parcels. Beginning in December 2006, through various
purchases, leases and option agreements, Black Range Minerals has obtained mineral rights to most of the original Cyprus holdings.
Prior
to the Hansen/Taylor Project being acquired by WUC, a mineral resource for the Hansen/Taylor Ranch Project for Black Range Minerals
Limited. Black Range Reported a JORC compliant indicated uranium resource of 29,730,000 tons grading at 0.063% U3O8 containing
37,480,000 lbs U3O8 and an inferred uranium resource of 43,681,000 tons grading at 0.058% U3O8 containing 50,443,000 lbs U3O8.
This historic resource estimate was originally reported to Black Range Minerals Limited by Tetra Tech in four resource memos (collectively,
the Tetra Tech Reports): 1) High Park Kriging Resources – Taylor Ranch Uranium Project, April 25, 2008; 2) North Hansen,
Boyer Kriging Resources – Taylor Ranch Uranium Project, April 29, 2009; 3) Technical Memorandum – Boyer, Hansen and
Picnic Tree Area Kriging Resources – Taylor Ranch Uranium Project, August 24, 2009; and 4) Technical Memorandum –
Boyer, Hansen and Picnic Tree Area Kriging Resources – Taylor Ranch Uranium Project (Updated 2010), August 12, 2010. These
memos were originally prepared by Rex Bryan of Tetra Tech, a qualified person under NI 43-101. The results reported in the Tetra
Tech Reports are historical estimates under NI 43-101.
There
is high confidence in the geologic interpretation of the historic Black Range Minerals resource provided in the Tetra Tech Reports.
The deposit is stratified and laterally consistent drill hole logging and surface mapping supports this conclusion. The data source
for geologic interpretation is primarily drill hole logs and surface mapping. The model currently assumes minimal post mineralization
faulting. Deposit domains were confined by corresponding geologic units. Continuity of geology is on a regional sedimentary scale
and is regular. Grade continuity is subject to deposition of carbonaceous material and oxidation reduction interfaces of palaeo-groundwater
carrying mobilized uranium. Commonly accepted multi-pass kriging methods were used to estimate the mineral resources. Uranium
domains were modeled using wireframe solids, resources were quantified outside the solids with drastically reduced search ranges.
Estimates were checked and compared to historic estimates. Blocks were sized as a tradeoff between mineralized shapes and general
mining selectivity. The block heights are four to six times the half foot sample collection but block lengths and widths are several
times smaller than the drill spacing in order to adequately fit the mineralized shapes. It is assumed that due to the soft sedimentary
nature of the mineral zone, good selectivity can be achieved.
The
historic Black Range Minerals resource reported in the Tetra Tech Reports uses JORC indicated and inferred resource categories
and does not contain reserves. That report does not use categories other than “mineral resources” and “mineral
reserves”. There are no more recent estimates or data available to WUC or Black Range Minerals. In order to verify this
estimate, the Company would need to prepare a NI 43-101 Technical Report to disclose the mineral resources as current. This would
involve, among other things verifying the results under NI 43-101 standards and potentially conducted new or additional analyses
under NI 43-101 standards, as well as taking into account any exploration or other work conducted on this property since the latest
of the Tetra Tech Reports. A qualified person (as defined under NI 43-101) has not completed sufficient work to classify this
historical estimate as current under that rule, and the Company is not treating this historical estimate as current.
Project
Geology
The
deposits that make up the Project are tabular sandstone deposits associated with redox interfaces. The mineralisation is
hosted in Tertiary sandstones and/or clay bearing conglomerates within an extinct braided stream, fluvial system or palaeo
channel. Mineralisation occurred post sediment deposition when oxygenated uraniferous groundwater moving through the host
rocks came into contact with redox interfaces, the resultant chemical change caused the precipitation of uranium oxides. The
most common cause of redox interfaces is the presence of carbonaceous material that was deposited simultaneously with the
host sediments. In parts of the Project the palaeo channel has been covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks and throughout the
Project basement consists of Pre-Cambrian plutonics and metamorphic rocks. The volcanic and Pre-Cambrian rocks are believed
to be the source of the uranium.
Restoration
and Reclamation.
BRM
has a bond of $154,927 with the DRMS covering exploration activities for the project.
Permitting
Status
The
project currently has an exploration permit through the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety as well as a Conditional
Use Permit with the Fremont County Planning and Zoning Department.
Basis
of Disclosure
The
scientific and technical information provided in this Form 10-K on the Hansen/Taylor Ranch Project, as well all data and exploration
information reported in this Form 10-K on the Hansen/Taylor Ranch Project, is based on the information reported in the Tetra Tech
Reports.
OTHER
Ferris
Haggerty
The
Property
A
reclamation liability remains at this Wyoming copper project. No leases or land use remain. The Ferris Haggarty project is a reclamation-only
project.
Accessibility
The
reclamation project is accessible 4 to 6 months out of the year due to snow and closed access. Take Wyoming Highway west from
Encampment, Wyoming for approximately 11 miles. Once across the divide, to the northeast there is a pullout for Medicine Bow National
Forest recreation. Follow 4 wheel drive route 412 (Continental Divide Trail) for approximately 5 miles to the Haggerty creek watershed.
Turn southwest onto a steep 4 wheel drive rout and travel for approximately 1.5 miles until you are at the property.
History
The Ferris-Haggerty
Mine Site was one of the richest components of the Grand Encampment Mining District in Carbon County, Wyoming.
The site was first exploited by Ed Haggerty, a prospector from Whitehaven, England, in 1897, when he established the Rudefeha
Mine on a rich deposit of copper ore. Haggerty was backed by George Ferris and other investors, of whom all but Ferris
dropped out. The partners sold an interest to Willis George Emerson, who raised investment funding for improvements to the mine.
These facilities included a 16-mile (26 km) aerial tramway from Grand Encampment over the Continental Divide to
the smelter in Encampment and a 4-mile (6.4 km) pipeline to the mine. The mine’s assets were eventually acquired
by the North American Copper Company for $1 million. By 1904 the mine had produced $1.4 million in copper ore, and was sold to
the Penn-Wyoming Copper Company. However, even with copper prices peaking in 1907, the company had difficulty making a profit
from the remove mine site. The company was over-capitalized and under-insured, and was suffered devastating fires at the mine
site in March 1906 and May 1907 which halted production. Business disputes and a fall in copper prices prevented re-opening of
the mine even after it was rebuilt. Machinery was salvaged after a foreclosure in 1913. A total of $2 million in
copper ore was extracted from the mine during its life.
Project
Geology
The
Deposit is a tabular injection of magmatic metal differentiation product at the margins of an ultramafic intrusive of early Archean
age (2.2 billion years ago). This intrusive was injected into pre-existing high siliceous sandstones and shales of massive thickness
(+2,000 ft). Mineralization at the Ferris-Haggarty mine consists of disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite grains that occur along
bedding planes of the host quartzite. However, the massive ore body mined at the Ferris-Haggarty was described by Spencer (1904)
to lie along quartzite-Schist contacts and to cross cut foliation. Based on the historic description, the ore may have been remobilized
from the host quartzite during regional metamorphism and emplaced along the quartzite-schist contact by way of permeable fractures.
The impermeable hanging wall schist may have formed a natural barrier to the ore solutions and produced an unusually rich ore
body.
Restoration
and Reclamation
Grass must grow on the drill pad disturbance areas from drilling which took place in 2007. These drill pads are located at
10,000 feet above sea level on the north face of a mountain on the Continental Divide.
A
$10,000 reclamation bond remains with the Wyoming DEQ. Upon completing reclamation, the Company will receive the bond money back.
INFRASTRUCTURE
The
Company’s carrying value of property, plant and equipment is as follows:
IP
– Kinetic Separation - $9,488,051 The Company holds a license to use Kinetic Separation, a proven technology that we anticipate
will improve the efficiency of the sandstone hosted uranium mining process, although there are some uncertainties about whether
the anticipated benefits will be realized. See Item 1, “Business – The Kinetic Separation Process.” Kinetic
Separation is a low cost, purely physical method of uranium and vanadium ore extraction. Kinetic Separation has been initially
tested in order to understand the hydro and mechanical separation processes. The Company used a prototype Kinetic Separation test
system to test several different samples of uranium ore from the Sunday Mine Complex and the Hansen/Taylor Ranch properties. In
all cases, uranium ore that was entered into the Kinetic Separation pilot test system appeared to concentrate most of the uranium
into the post kinetically separated material consisting of a fraction of the original mass, leaving most of the post kinetically
separated materials which did not contain any uranium. The results of these tests have not yet been validated by a Competent Person.
During
2016, Western submitted documentation to the CDPHE for a determination ruling regarding the type of license which may be required
for the application of Kinetic Separation at the Sunday Mine Complex within the state of Colorado. During May and June of 2016,
CDPHE held four public meetings in several cities in Colorado as part of the process. On July 22, 2016 CDPHE closed the comment
period. In connection with this matter, the CDPHE consulted with the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”).
In response, the CDPHE received an advisory opinion dated October 16, 2016, which did not contain support for the NRC’s
opinion and with which Western’s regulatory counsel does not agree. NRC’s advisory opinion recommends that Kinetic
Separation should be regulated as a milling operation, but did recognize that there may be exemptions to certain milling regulatory
requirements due to the benign nature of the non-uranium bearing sands produced after Kinetic Separation is completed on uranium-bearing
ores. On December 1, 2016, the CDPHE issued a determination that the proposed Kinetic Separation operations at the Sunday Mine
must be regulated by the CDPHE through a milling license. The 2017/2018 increase in the blended uranium/vanadium price has brought
the Company closer to production and the Company’s regulatory counsel prepared significant documentation in preparation
for a prospective submission. During 2019, the Company’s regulatory counsel completed and submitted a whitepaper to the
NRC.
Mineral
Properties $11,746,150 – The Company holds mineral properties as outlined below.
Pinon
Ridge Properties
On
August 18, 2014, the Company purchased mining assets from Energy Fuels Holding Corp. in an arm’s length transaction. The
mining assets include both owned and leased land in the states of Utah and Colorado. All of the mining assets represent properties
which have previously been mined to different degrees for uranium/vanadium. As some of the properties have not formally established proven
or probable reserves, there may be greater inherent uncertainty as to whether or not any mineralized material can be economically
extracted as originally planned and anticipated.
The
Company’s mining properties acquired on August 18, 2014 which the Company still retains as of December 31, 2019, include:
San Rafael Uranium Project located in Emery County, Utah; The Sunday Mine Complex located in western San Miguel County, Colorado;
The Van 4 Mine located in western Montrose County, Colorado; The Sage Mine project located in San Juan County, Utah; and the Dunn
project located in San Juan and San Miguel counties, Colorado.
Black
Range Properties
On
September 16, 2015, in connection with the Black Range Transaction, the Company acquired additional mineral properties. The mining
assets acquired through Black Range include leased land in the states of Colorado, Wyoming and Alaska. None of these mining assets
were operational at the date of acquisition. As these properties have not formally established proven or probable reserves, there
may be greater inherent uncertainty as to whether or not any mineralized material can be economically extracted as originally
planned and anticipated.
The Company’s mining properties acquired on September
16, 2015 which the Company still retains as of December 31, 2019, include Hansen, North Hansen, High Park, Hansen Picnic Tree,
Taylor Ranch, located in Fremont County, Colorado. The Company also acquired Keota located in Weld County, Wyoming.
In
connection with the Black Range Transaction, Western assumed a mortgage secured by land, building and improvements at 1450 North
7 Mile Road, Casper, Wyoming, with interest payable at 8.00% and payable in monthly payments of $11,085 with the final balance
of $1,044,015 due as a balloon payment on January 16, 2016. The Company did not pay the mortgage on its due date. On May 26, 2016,
the Company executed agreements with the mortgage holder whereby in an equal exchange the mortgage was exchanged for the land,
building and improvements on which it was secured, pursuant to which no further financial consideration is required.
During
the second quarter of 2016, the Company initiated actions to cancel its coal mining leases in Alaska. In connection therewith,
the Company notified the state of Alaska of its intent to forfeit the posted bond in satisfaction of the reclamation liabilities
at the site. In response to the Company’s notification, the Company received notification that the state of Alaska was initiating
forfeiture of the Company’s performance bond for reclamation. However, the notice indicated an additional surety bond of
$150,000 in excess of the $210,500 cash bond, which had been posted by the Company upon purchase of the property. The Company
and its advisors do not believe that it is obligated for this additional amount of claimed reclamation obligation. The Company
is working with its legal counsel and the State of Alaska to resolve this matter. The Company has not recorded an additional $150,000
obligation as the Company does not expect, based on the advice of legal counsel, to be obligated to an amount greater than that
presently reflected in the reclamation liability. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company adjusted the fair value
of its reclamation obligation and for the Alaska mine, accreted $183,510 to bring its reclamation liability to face value. The
portion of the reclamation liability related to the Alaska mine, and its related restricted cash are included in current liabilities,
and current assets, respectively, at a value of $215,976 and $215,976. On January 20, 2017, the State of Alaska notified the Company
that its reclamation bond had been forfeited to be used to satisfy the reclamation obligation. However, no amount had yet been
determined in respect to the final cost of the reclamation obligation.
As
the properties are not in production, they are not covered by various types of insurance including property and casualty, liability
and umbrella coverage. We have not experienced any material uninsured or under insured losses related to our properties in the
past and believe our approach sufficient given the inactivity.
On
September 16, 2015, in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Black Range, the Company assumed an option and exploration
agreement (the “Option and Exploration Agreement”) with STB Minerals, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company (“STB”).
The Option and Exploration Agreement gives the Company the right to purchase 51% of the mineral rights of specific areas of the
Hansen and Picnic Tree deposits (for which the Company already holds 49% of the rights). If the Company were to exercise its option
under the Option and Exploration Agreement, it would require the Company to (a) make a cash payment of $2,500,000 immediately
upon exercise; (b) issue common shares to STB amounting to a value of $3,750,000 immediately upon exercise; and (c) issue common
shares to STB amounting to a value of $3,750,000 on the date that is 180 days following exercise. The Option and Exploration Agreement
was scheduled to expire by its terms on July 28, 2017 if not exercised.
The Option and Exploration Agreement provided an extension
for an “event of force majeure”. Under this clause, the Company would receive an extension of the period during
which it could exercise its option if it experiences an unreasonable delay outside its control that prevents it from exercising
the option. On May 10, 2017, the Company provided to STB a notice that it was exercising the force majeure clause due to
the delay by government regulators in licensing the Company’s Kinetic Separation and permitting mining at the Hansen property.
STB has contested the Company’s finding that an event of force majeure has occurred. Ongoing negotiations continued until
September 21, 2017 when the Company and STB agreed to settle the matter through the pre-established arbitration mechanism. Prior
to the commencement of arbitration, a settlement was agreed to on February 28, 2018 through the execution of an Amendment of Option
and Exploration Agreement. As consideration, the Company paid STB a $20,000 extension payment and granted STB the right to seek
a bona fide written offer over the remaining term, and agreed to the removal of the force majeure clause from the agreement. The
Company received an extension until July 28, 2019 and a right of first refusal to match any bona fide written offer. Hence the
Company already owned 49% of the resource property and retained an option to purchase the 51% of the resource property that the
Company did not already own for the duration of the agreement. Further the Company believes the execution of this agreement is
without financial implications, and as such, the Company has not made any adjustment to these consolidated financials related
to this matter.
Prior
to July 28, 2019, the Company decided not to exercise the option to purchase the remaining 51% of the mineral rights of specific
areas of the Hansen and Picnic Tree deposits, and thus the option has expired unexercised.
Disposal
of Mining Properties
In
July and October 2016, the Company elected not to renew leases relating to four projects that were obtained through either the
August 2014 acquisition from Energy Fuels Holding Corp. or the acquisition of Black Range Minerals. The decision to not renew
the four leases was based upon a number of factors, the most significant of which were the location of the projects, the development
stage of each product, and the amount of uranium and vanadium resources within each project. The forfeiture of these leases has
no material adverse impact on the fair value of the Company’s mining assets.
On
January 1, 2018 the Company’s Taylor Ranch Lease reached its expiration date and the Company elected not to negotiate a
renewal.
ITEM
3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Other
than described below, management is not aware of any material legal proceedings that are pending or that have been threatened
against us or our subsidiaries or any of our respective properties, and none of our directors, officers, affiliates or record
or beneficial owners of more than 5% of our common shares, or any associate of any such director, officer, affiliate or shareholder,
is (i) a party adverse to us or any of our subsidiaries in any legal proceeding or (ii) has an adverse interest to us or any of
our subsidiaries in any legal proceeding.
The
Company is subject to periodic inspection by certain regulatory agencies for the purpose of determining compliance by the Company
with the conditions of its licenses. In the ordinary course of business, minor violations may occur; however, these are not expected
to result in material expenditures or have any other material adverse effect on the Company.
A
prior owner of the Company’s Van 4 Mine had been granted a first Temporary Cessation from reclamation of the mine by the
Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board (“MLRB”) which was set to expire June 23, 2017. Prior to its expiration, PRM
formally requested an extension through a second Temporary Cessation. PRM subsequently participated in a public process which
culminated in a hearing on July 26, 2017. Prior to the hearing, three non-profit organizations who pursue environmental and conservation
objectives filed a brief objecting to the extension. The MLRB board members voted to grant a second five-year Temporary Cessation
for the Van 4 Mine. Thereafter, the three objecting parties filed a lawsuit on September 18, 2017. The MLRB was named as the defendant
and PRM was named as a party to the case due to the Colorado law requirement that any lawsuit filed after a hearing must include
all of the parties in the proceeding. The plaintiff organizations are seeking for the court to set aside the board order granting
a second five-year Temporary Cessation period to PRM for the Van 4 Mine. The Colorado state Attorney General was defending this
action in the Denver Colorado District Court. On May 8, 2018, the Denver Colorado District Court ruled in favor, whereby the additional
five-year temporary cessation period was granted. The Plaintiffs appealed this ruling to the Colorado Court of Appeals and on
July 25, 2019 the ruling was reversed, whereby the additional five-year temporary cessation period should not have been granted.
The Judge has subsequently issued an instruction for the MLRB to issue an order revoking the permit and putting the Van 4 Mine
into reclamation. On March 2, 2020, the MLRB issued an order vacating the Van 4 Temporary Cessation, terminating mining operations
and ordering commencement of final reclamation. The Company has begun preparations for the reclamation of the Van 4 Mine. The
reclamation cost is fully covered by the reclamation bonds posted upon acquisition of the property.
On February 4, 2020, the Colorado
DRMS sent a Notice of Hearing to Declare Termination of Mining Operations to Western for the Sunday Mine Complex. At issue is
the application of an unchallenged Colorado Court of Appeals Opinion for a separate mine, with very different facts that is retroactively
modifying DRMS rules and regulations. The Company maintains that it was timely in meeting existing rules and regulations. The
formal hearing was scheduled to be held during the April 22-23, 2020 MLRB Board meeting, which has
now been moved to the May 13-14, 2020 MLRB Board meeting due to the impacts of the COVID-19 virus.
ITEM
4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
For Western, safety is a core value, and we strive for superior
performance. Our health and safety management system, which includes detailed standards and procedures for safe production, addresses
topics such as employee training, risk management, workplace inspection, emergency response, accident investigation, and program
auditing. In addition to strong leadership and involvement from all levels of the organization, these programs and procedures for
the cornerstone of safety at Western, ensuring that employees are provided a safe and healthy environment and are intended to reduce
workplace accidents, incidents and losses, comply with all mining-related regulations and provide support for both regulators and
the industry to improve mine safety.
The
operation of our U.S. based mine is subject to regulation by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”)
under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the “Mine Act”). MSHA inspects our mine on a regular basis and
issues various citations and orders when it believes a violation has occurred under the Mine Act Following passage of The Mine
Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006, MSHA significantly increased the number of citations and orders charged against
mining operations. The dollar penalties assessed for citations issued has also increased in recent years.
Western is required to report certain mine
safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection
Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K, and that required information is included in Exhibit 95 and is incorporated by reference in
this Annual Report.
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
The accompanying
notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE
1 – BUSINESS
Nature of operations
Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. (“Western”
or the “Company”, formerly Western Uranium Corporation) was incorporated in December 2006 under the Ontario Business
Corporations Act. On November 20, 2014, the Company completed a listing process on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”).
As part of that process, the Company acquired 100% of the members’ interests of Pinon Ridge Mining LLC (“PRM”),
a Delaware limited liability company. The transaction constituted a reverse takeover (“RTO”) of Western by PRM. Subsequent
to obtaining appropriate shareholder approvals, the Company reconstituted its Board of Directors and senior management team. Effective
September 16, 2015, Western completed its acquisition of Black Range Minerals Limited (“Black Range”).
The Company has registered offices at 330 Bay Street, Suite
1400, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5H 2S8 and its common shares are listed on the CSE under the symbol “WUC.” On April
22, 2016, the Company’s common shares began trading on the OTC Pink Open Market, and on May 23, 2016, the Company’s
common shares were approved for trading on the OTCQX Best Market. Its principal business activity is the acquisition and development
of uranium and vanadium resource properties in the states of Utah and Colorado in the United States of America (“United States”).
On June 28, 2016, the Company’s registration statement
became effective and Western became a United States reporting issuer. Thereafter, the Company was approved for Depository Trust
Company eligibility through the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation, which facilitates electronic book-entry delivery, settlement
and depository services for shares in the United States.
On June 29, 2018, the shareholders of the Company approved
the name change of the Company from “Western Uranium Corporation” to “Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp.”
The name change became effective in Ontario, Canada on October 1, 2018; thereafter on October 4, 2018 Western’s shares started
trading under the new name on the CSE and OTCQX and the Company announced the name change by news release.
Note
2 – Liquidity and going concern
The Company has incurred continuing
losses from its operations and negative operating cash flows from operations and as of December 31, 2019, the Company had an
accumulated deficit of $8,694,569 and working capital of $1,678,747.
Since inception, the Company has met its liquidity requirements
principally through the issuance of notes and the sale of its common shares.
The Company’s ability to continue its operations and to
pay its obligations when they become due is contingent upon the Company obtaining additional financing. Management’s plans
include seeking to procure additional funds through debt and equity financings, to secure regulatory approval to fully utilize
its kinetic separation technology, formerly known as ablation, and to initiate the processing of ore to generate operating cash
flows.
There are no assurances that the Company
will be able to raise capital on terms acceptable to the Company or at all, or that cash flows generated from its operations will
be sufficient to meet its current operating costs. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient amounts of additional capital,
it may be required to reduce the scope of its planned product development, which could harm its financial condition and operating
results, or it may not be able to continue to fund its ongoing operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern to sustain operations for at least one year from the issuance of these
consolidated financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
These consolidated financial statements are presented in United
States dollars and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include
the accounts of Western and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Western Uranium Corp. (Utah), PRM, Black Range, Black Range Copper
Inc., Ranger Resources Inc., Black Range Minerals Inc., Black Range Minerals Colorado LLC, Black Range Minerals Wyoming LLC, Haggerty
Resources LLC, Ranger Alaska LLC, Black Range Minerals Utah LLC, Black Range Minerals Ablation Holdings Inc. and Black Range Development
Utah LLC. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The Company has established the existence of mineralized materials
for certain uranium projects. The Company has not established proven or probable reserves, as defined by the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under Industry Guide 7, through the completion of a “final” or “bankable”
feasibility study for any of its uranium projects.
Exploration Stage
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, expenditures relating to the
acquisition of mineral rights are initially capitalized as incurred while exploration and pre-extraction expenditures are expensed
as incurred until such time the Company exits the Exploration Stage by establishing proven or probable reserves. Expenditures
relating to exploration activities such as drill programs to search for additional mineralized materials are expensed as incurred.
Expenditures relating to pre-extraction activities such as the construction of mine wellfields, ion exchange facilities and disposal
wells are expensed as incurred until such time proven or probable reserves are established for that uranium project, after which
subsequent expenditures relating to mine development activities for that particular project are capitalized as incurred.
Companies in the Production Stage as defined under Industry
Guide 7, having established proven and probable reserves and exited the Exploration Stage, typically capitalize expenditures relating
to ongoing development activities, with corresponding depletion calculated over proven and probable reserves using the units-of-production
method and allocated to future reporting periods to inventory and, as that inventory is sold, to cost of goods sold. The Company
is in the Exploration Stage which has resulted in the Company reporting larger losses than if it had been in the Production Stage
due to the expensing, instead of capitalizing, of expenditures relating to ongoing mill and mine development activities. Additionally,
there would be no corresponding amortization allocated to future reporting periods of the Company since those costs would have
been expensed previously, resulting in both lower inventory costs and cost of goods sold and results of operations with higher
gross profits and lower losses than if the Company had been in the Production Stage. Any capitalized costs, such as expenditures
relating to the acquisition of mineral rights, are depleted over the estimated extraction life using the straight-line method.
As a result, the Company’s consolidated financial statements may not be directly comparable to the financial statements
of companies in the Production Stage.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in
conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. By their nature, these estimates
are subject to measurement uncertainty and the effects on the consolidated financial statements of changes in such estimates in
future periods could be significant. Significant areas requiring management’s estimates and assumptions include determining
the fair value of transactions involving common shares, assessment of the useful life and evaluation for impairment of Kinetic
Separation intellectual property, valuation and impairment assessments on mineral properties and equipment, deferred contingent
consideration, and the reclamation liability, valuation of stock-based compensation, and valuation of available-for-sale securities.
Other areas requiring estimates include allocations of expenditures, depletion and amortization of mineral rights and properties.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies, CONTINUED
Foreign Currency Translation
The reporting currency of the Company, including its subsidiaries,
is the United States dollar. The financial statements of subsidiaries located outside of the U.S. are measured in their functional
currency, which is the local currency. The functional currency of the parent (Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. (Ontario))
is the Canadian dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rates at the balance
sheet date. Income and expense items are translated using average monthly exchange rates. Non-monetary assets are translated at
their historical exchange rates. Translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated
balance sheets.
Segment Information
The Company determines its reporting units in accordance with
FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting” (“ASC 280”). The Company evaluates a reporting unit by first
identifying its operating segments under ASC 280. The Company then evaluates each operating segment to determine if it includes
one or more components that constitute a business. If there are components within an operating segment that meet the definition
of a business, the Company evaluates those components to determine if they must be aggregated into one or more reporting units.
If applicable, when determining if it is appropriate to aggregate different operating segments, the Company determines if the
segments are economically similar and, if so, the operating segments are aggregated. The Company has one operating segment and
reporting unit. The Company operates in one reportable business segment; the Company is in the business of exploring, developing,
mining and the production of its uranium and vanadium resource properties, including the utilization of the Company’s Kinetic
Separation technology in its mining processes. The Company is organized and operated as one business. Management reviews its business
as a single operating segment, using financial and other information rendered meaningful only by the fact that such information
is presented and reviewed in the aggregate.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an
original maturity of three months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the
Company had no cash equivalents.
Marketable Securities
The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale
securities, which are carried at their fair value based on the quoted market prices of the securities with unrealized gains and
losses reported as accumulated comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Realized gains
and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in net earnings in the period earned or incurred.
Restricted Cash
Certain cash balances are restricted as they relate to deposits
with banks that have been assigned to state reclamation authorities in the United States to secure various reclamation guarantees
with respect to mineral properties in Utah, Alaska and Colorado. As these funds are not available for general corporate purposes
and secure the long term reclamation liability (see Note 4), they have been separately disclosed and classified as long-term for
the majority of the Company’s mines. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has determined that the Van 4 Mine is now considered
to be in reclamation. The Company recognized the Van 4 Mine’s reclamation liability and its restricted cash in full on the
Company’s consolidated balance sheet as current.
Revenue Recognition
The Company leases certain of its mineral properties for the
exploration and production of oil and gas reserves. The Company accounts for lease revenue in accordance with ASC 842 “Leases”.
Lease payments received in advance are deferred and recognized on a straight – line basis over the related lease term associated
with the prepayment. Royalty payments are recognized as revenues when received.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies, continued
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash, restricted cash, accounts payable,
and accrued liabilities, approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Marketable securities
are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date based on quoted prices which are considered level 1 inputs. The reclamation
deposits, which are reflected in restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets, are deposits mainly invested in certificates
of deposit at major financial institutions and their fair values were estimated to approximate their carrying values. The Company’s
operations and financing activities are conducted primarily in United States dollars and as a result, the Company is not subject
to significant exposure to market risks from changes in foreign currency rates. The Company is exposed to credit risk through
its cash and restricted cash, but mitigates this risk by keeping these deposits at major financial institutions.
ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”
provides the framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to
valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount
that would be received upon the sale of an asset or payment to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.
Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing
an asset or liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
Level 2 Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in
active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that
are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 Significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated
by market data.
The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments
are as follows:
|
|
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets or
Liabilities
(Level 1)
|
|
|
Quoted
Prices for
Similar
Assets or
Liabilities in
Active
Markets
(Level 2)
|
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Marketable securities as of December 31, 2019
|
|
$
|
2,759
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketable securities as of December 31, 2018
|
|
$
|
4,781
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Mineral Properties
Acquisition costs of mineral properties are capitalized as
incurred while exploration and pre-extraction expenditures are expensed as incurred until such time the Company exits the Exploration
Stage by establishing proven or probable reserves, as defined by the SEC under Industry Guide 7, through the completion of a “final”
or “bankable” feasibility study. Expenditures relating to exploration activities are expensed as incurred and expenditures
relating to pre-extraction activities are expensed as incurred until such time proven or probable reserves are established for
that project, after which subsequent expenditures relating to development activities for that particular project are capitalized
as incurred.
Where proven and probable reserves have been established, the
project’s capitalized expenditures are depleted over proven and probable reserves upon commencement of production using
the units-of-production method. Where proven and probable reserves have not been established, such capitalized expenditures are
depleted over the estimated production life upon commencement of extraction using the straight-line method. The Company has not
established proven or probable reserves for any of its projects.
The carrying values of the mineral properties are assessed
for impairment by management.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies, continued
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews and evaluates its long-lived assets for
impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment
is considered to exist if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amount of
the assets. An impairment loss is measured and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows or upon an estimate of
fair value that may be received in an exchange transaction. Future cash flows are estimated based on estimated quantities of recoverable
minerals, expected uranium (“U3O8”) prices (considering current and historical prices, trends and related factors), production levels, operating
costs of production and capital and restoration and reclamation costs, based upon the projected remaining future uranium production
from each project. The Company’s long-lived assets (which include its mineral assets and Kinetic Separation intellectual
property) were acquired during the end of 2014 and in 2015 in arms-length transactions. As of December 31, 2019, the Company evaluated
the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis for its mineral properties and Kinetic Separation intellectual
property and determined that no impairment was deemed to exist. Estimates and assumptions used to assess recoverability of the
Company’s long-lived assets and measure fair value of our uranium properties are subject to risk uncertainty. Changes in
these estimates and assumptions could result in the impairment of its long-lived assets. In estimating future cash flows, assets
are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows
from other asset groups.
Income Taxes
The Company utilizes an asset and liability approach for financial
accounting and reporting for income taxes. The provision for income taxes is based upon income or loss after adjustment for those
permanent items that are not considered in the determination of taxable income. Deferred income taxes represent the tax effects
of differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at the enacted tax
rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse.
The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets
and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not
be realized. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of the tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause
changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been
made. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be
necessary.
Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are
more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount
of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax
benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition
and measurement standards. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was required
to be reported.
The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties
associated with tax audits is to record such items as a component of general and administrative expense. There were no amounts
accrued for penalties and interest for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company does not expect its uncertain tax
position to change during the next twelve months. Management is currently unaware of any issues under review that could result
in significant payments, accruals or material deviations from its position.
The Company has identified its federal Canadian and United
States tax returns and its state tax returns in Colorado and Utah as its “major” tax jurisdictions, and such returns
for the years 2015 through 2019 remain subject to examination.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies, continued
Restoration and Remediation Costs (Asset Retirement Obligations)
Various federal and state mining laws and regulations require
the Company to reclaim the surface areas and restore underground water quality for its mine projects to the pre-existing mine
area average quality after the completion of mining.
Future reclamation and remediation costs, which include extraction
equipment removal and environmental remediation, are accrued at the end of each period based on management’s best estimate
of the costs expected to be incurred for each project. Such estimates are determined by the Company’s engineering studies
which consider the costs of future surface and groundwater activities, current regulations, actual expenses incurred, and technology
and industry standards.
In accordance with ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental
Obligations, the Company capitalizes the measured fair value of asset retirement obligations to mineral properties. The asset
retirement obligations are accreted to an undiscounted value until the time at which they are expected to be settled. The accretion
expense is charged to earnings and the actual retirement costs are recorded against the asset retirement obligations when incurred.
Any difference between the recorded asset retirement obligations and the actual retirement costs incurred will be recorded as
a gain or loss in the period of settlement.
At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assumptions
used to estimate the expected cash flows required to settle the asset retirement obligations, including changes in estimated probabilities,
amounts and timing of the settlement of the asset retirement obligations, as well as changes in the legal obligation requirements
at each of its mineral properties. Changes in any one or more of these assumptions may cause revision of asset retirement obligations
for the corresponding assets.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs represent costs incurred in connection
with the issuance of debt. Once the associated debt instrument is issued, these costs would be recorded as a debt discount and
amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt instrument. Upon the abandonment
of a pending financing transaction, the related deferred financing costs would be charged to general and administrative expense.
The Company may also issue warrants or other equity instruments
in connection with the issuance of debt instruments. The equity instruments are recorded at their relative fair market value on
the date of issuance which results in a debt discount which is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company follows ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation,
which addresses the accounting for stock-based payment transactions, requiring such transactions to be accounted for using the
fair value method. Awards of shares for property or services are recorded at the more readily measurable of the fair value of
the stock and the fair value of the service. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant date
fair value of stock-based awards under ASC 718. The fair value is charged to earnings depending on the terms and conditions of
the award, and the nature of the relationship of the recipient of the award to the Company. The Company records the grant date
fair value in line with the period over which it was earned. For employees and consultants, this is typically considered to be
the vesting period of the award. The Company estimates the expected forfeitures and updates the valuation accordingly.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies, continued
Loss per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by
the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted
average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares
consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock method).
The computation of diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 excludes potentially dilutive securities.
The computations of net loss per share for each period presented is the same for both basic and fully diluted.
Potentially dilutive securities outlined in the table below
have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Warrants to purchase common shares
|
|
|
8,602,913
|
|
|
|
6,798,401
|
|
Options to purchase common shares
|
|
|
2,208,000
|
|
|
|
2,416,664
|
|
Total potentially dilutive securities
|
|
|
10,810,913
|
|
|
|
9,215,065
|
|
Leases
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 Leases (Topic 842),
Codification Improvements and ASU 2018-11 Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, to provide additional guidance for the adoption
of Topic 842. ASU 2018-10 clarifies certain provisions and correct unintended applications of the guidance such as the application
of implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification, and certain transition adjustments that should be recognized to
earnings rather than to stockholders’ (deficit) equity. ASU 2018-11 provides an alternative transition method and practical
expedient for separating contract components for the adoption of Topic 842. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases
(Topic 842) which requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating
leases with terms greater than 12 months. ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-10, and ASU 2016-02 (collectively, “the new lease standards”)
are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2018-10,
and has determined that there are no material impacts to the consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Standards
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not
yet effective accounting standards, when adopted, will have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements,
other than those disclosed below.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial
Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”).
ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit
loss (CECL) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized
cost, including loan receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance
sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees,
and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. For public business entities that meet the
definition of an SEC filer, the standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim
periods in those fiscal years. For debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment, the guidance will be applied prospectively.
Existing purchased credit impaired (PCI) assets will be grandfathered and classified as purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) assets
at the date of adoption. The asset will be grossed up for the allowance for expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date
of adoption and will continue to recognize the non-credit discount in interest income based on the yield of such assets as of
the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be recorded through the allowance. For all other assets within
the scope of CECL, a cumulative-effect adjustment will be recognized in retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting
period in which the guidance is effective. The Company does not believe ASU 2016-13 will have a material effect on its consolidated
financial statements.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
Note
3 – SUMMARY OF Significant Accounting Policies, continued
Recent Accounting Standards, continued
In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-08, Compensation
– Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which clarifies that an entity must
measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to a customer by applying the guidance in Topic 718. ASU 2019-08 is effective
for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting
periods. The Company does not believe ASU 2019-08 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
NOTE
4 – MINERAL ASSETS AND EQUIPMENT, AND Kinetic separation INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND OTHER PROPERTY
The Company’s mining properties acquired on August 18,
2014 that the Company retains as of December 31, 2019 include: San Rafael Uranium Project located in Emery County, Utah; The
Sunday Mine Complex located in western San Miguel County, Colorado; The Van 4 Mine located in western Montrose County, Colorado;
The Sage Mine project located in San Juan County, Utah, and San Miguel County, Colorado. These mining properties include leased
land in the states of Colorado and Utah. None of these mining properties were operational at the date of acquisition.
The Company’s mining properties acquired on September 16,
2015 that the Company retains as of December 31, 2019 include Hansen, North Hansen, High Park, and Hansen Picnic Tree, located
in Fremont and Teller Counties, Colorado. The Company also acquired the Keota project located in Weld County, Wyoming and the Ferris
Haggerty project located in Carbon County Wyoming. These mining assets include both owned and leased land in the states of Utah,
Colorado and Wyoming. All of the mining assets represent properties which have previously been mined to different degrees for uranium.
As the Company has not formally established proven or probable
reserves on any of its properties, there is inherent uncertainty as to whether or not any mineralized material can be economically
extracted as originally planned and anticipated.
The Company’s mineral properties and equipment and kinetic
separation intellectual property are:
|
|
As of December 31
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Mineral properties and equipment
|
|
$
|
11,746,150
|
|
|
$
|
11,681,720
|
|
Kinetic separation intellectual property
|
|
$
|
9,488,051
|
|
|
$
|
9,488,051
|
|
Oil and Gas Lease and Easement
On July 18, 2017, an oil and gas lease became effective with
respect to minerals and mineral rights owned by the Company of approximately 160 surface acres of the Company’s property
in Colorado. As consideration for entering into the lease, the Company received $120,000 during the third quarter of 2017. The
lease will be in force for an initial term of three years and may be extended by the lessee at 150% of the initial rate. The lessee
has also agreed to pay the Company a royalty of 18.75% of the lessee’s revenue attributed to oil and gas produced, saved,
and sold attributable to the net mineral interest. The Company is recognizing the initial payment incrementally over the term
of the lease.
On February 26, 2018, the Company entered into a further agreement
with the same entity as the oil and gas lease to provide them with an easement to an additional part of the Company’s property
solely for the purposes of transporting the oil and gas extracted via a pipeline. As consideration for the easement, the Company
received $36,960 during the first quarter of 2018. The Company is recognizing this payment incrementally over the eight year term
of the easement.
During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company
recognized aggregate revenue of $44,620 and $48,245, respectively, under these oil and gas lease arrangements.
Right-of-way grant agreement
On July 1, 2018, the Company entered into a right of way agreement
with a third party, whereby, the Company has granted “right of way” access to a portion of its mineral properties in
exchange for an upfront payment of $3,624. The Company is recognizing this payment incrementally over the term of the right-of-way
agreement.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE 4 – MINERAL ASSETS AND EQUIPMENT, AND KINETIC
SEPARATION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND OTHER PROPERTY, CONTINUED
Reclamation Liabilities
The Company’s mines are subject to
certain asset retirement obligations, which the Company has recorded as reclamation liabilities. The reclamation liabilities of
the United States mines are subject to legal and regulatory requirements, and estimates of the costs of reclamation are reviewed
periodically by the applicable regulatory authorities. The reclamation liability represents the Company’s best estimate
of the present value of future reclamation costs in connection with the mineral properties. The Company determined the gross reclamation
liabilities of the mineral properties as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, to be approximately $897,662 and $889,030,
respectively. The Company expects to begin incurring the reclamation liability after 2054 for all mines that are not in reclamation
and accordingly, has discounted the gross liabilities over their remaining lives using a discount rate of 5.4% to net discounted
aggregated values as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 of $294,228 and $224,645, respectively. The gross reclamation
liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are secured by certificates of deposit in the amount of $897,662 and
$889,030, respectively. As described in further detail below, the Company’s Van 4 Mine has been put into reclamation. Therefore,
the Company recognized the reclamation liability in its entirety at December 31, 2019.
Reclamation liability activity for the years ended December
31, 2019 and 2018 consists of:
|
|
For the years ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Beginning balance
|
|
$
|
224,645
|
|
|
$
|
196,821
|
|
Accretion
|
|
|
69,583
|
|
|
|
11,030
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
16,794
|
|
Ending Balance
|
|
$
|
294,228
|
|
|
$
|
224,645
|
|
Van 4 Mine Permitting Status
A prior owner of the Company’s Van
4 Mine had been granted a first Temporary Cessation from reclamation of the mine by the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board
(“MLRB”) which was set to expire June 23, 2017. Prior to its expiration, PRM formally requested an extension through
a second Temporary Cessation. PRM subsequently participated in a public process which culminated in a hearing on July 26, 2017.
Prior to the hearing, three non-profit organizations who pursue environmental and conservation objectives filed a brief objecting
to the extension. The MLRB board members voted to grant a second five-year Temporary Cessation for the Van 4 Mine. Thereafter,
the three objecting parties filed a lawsuit on September 18, 2017. The MLRB was named as the defendant and PRM was named as a
party to the case due to the Colorado law requirement that any lawsuit filed after a hearing must include all of the parties in
the proceeding. The plaintiff organizations are seeking for the court to set aside the board order granting a second five-year
Temporary Cessation period to PRM for the Van 4 Mine. The Colorado state Attorney General was defending this action in the Denver
Colorado District Court. On May 8, 2018, the Denver Colorado District Court ruled in favor, whereby the additional five-year temporary
cessation period was granted. The Plaintiffs appealed this ruling to the Colorado Court of Appeals and on July 25, 2019 the ruling
was reversed, whereby it was ruled the additional five-year temporary cessation period should not have been granted. The Colorado
Mined Land Reclamation Board (CMLRB) and the Colorado Attorney General decided that it would not make an additional appeal of
the ruling. The Judge has subsequently issued an instruction for the MLRB to issue an order revoking the permit and putting the
Van 4 Mine into reclamation. On March 2, 2020, the MLRB issued an order vacating the Van 4 Temporary Cessation, terminating mining
operations and ordering commencement of final reclamation. The Company has begun preparations for the reclamation of the Van 4
Mine. The reclamation cost is fully covered by the reclamation bonds posted upon acquisition of the property.
Sunday Mine Complex Permitting Status
On February 4, 2020, the
Colorado DRMS sent a Notice of Hearing to Declare Termination of Mining Operations to Western for the Sunday Mine Complex.
The issue is the application of an unchallenged Colorado Court of Appeals Opinion for a separate mine, with very different
facts that is retroactively modifying DRMS rules and regulations. The Company maintains that it was timely in meeting
existing rules and regulations. The formal hearing was scheduled to be held during the
April 22-23, 2020 MLRB Board meeting, which has now been moved to the May 13-14, 2020 MLRB Board meeting due to the impacts
of the COVID-19 virus.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE 5 – Accounts
Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities consisted of:
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Trade accounts payable
|
|
$
|
404,015
|
|
|
$
|
326,250
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
195,322
|
|
|
|
167,070
|
|
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
$
|
599,337
|
|
|
$
|
493,320
|
|
NOTE 6 - COMMITMENTS
Supply Contract
On June 1, 2018, the Company signed a letter agreement with Battery
Mineral Resource Nevada, Inc. (“BMR”) to form a joint venture for vanadium development at the Sage Mine. Subsequently,
BMR provided notification of their desire to exercise the purchase option rather than pursue a joint venture. On September 18,
2018, Western announced that the parties were not able to reach an amended agreement and mutually agreed to discontinue the transaction.
In December 2015, the Company signed a uranium concentrates supply
agreement with a major U.S. utility company for delivery commencing in 2018 and continuing for a five year period through 2022.
As the Company does not possess saleable uranium, a partial assignment agreement was put in place whereby the assignee accepted
the Company’s right to the Year 1 delivery of 125,000 pounds of natural uranium concentrates. The Year 1 delivery was made
during 2018 and the assignee was paid the full consideration under the agreement. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss
on this transaction. In Year 2, a partial assignment agreement was put in place whereby the assignee accepted the Company’s
right to the Year 2 delivery of 125,000 pounds of natural uranium concentrates. The Year 2 delivery was made during 2019 and the
assignee was paid the full consideration under the agreement. The Company will not recognize any gain or loss on this transaction.
The Company and the U.S. utility customer mutually agreed to cancel the Year 3 delivery rather than pursue a partial assignment;
there will be no delivery during 2020.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE 7 - SHARE CAPITAL AND OTHER EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
Authorized Capital
The holders of the Company’s common shares are entitled to
one vote per share. Holders of common shares are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the
Board of Directors out of legally available funds. Upon the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, holders of
common shares are entitled to share ratably in all assets of the Company that are legally available for distribution. As of December
31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, an unlimited number of common shares were authorized for issuance.
Shares Issued for Accounts Payable
On May 4, 2018, the Company issued 60,832 shares of its common
shares in exchange for approximately $32,251 of its accounts payable outstanding with certain creditors.
Private Placement
On May 4, 2018, the Company completed a private placement of
909,622 units at a price of CAD $0.68 (USD $0.53) per unit for gross proceeds of CAD $618,543 (USD $481,560). The Company paid
USD $8,794 in offering costs and received net proceeds of USD $457,608. Each unit consisted of one common share and a warrant to
purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.15 and expires two years from the date
of issuance.
On July 27, 2018, the Company completed a private placement
of 2,525,526 units at a price of CAD $0.68 (USD $0.52) per unit for gross proceeds of CAD $1,717,358 (USD $1,319,096). The Company
paid USD $46,886 in offering costs and received net proceeds of USD $1,272,210. Each unit consisted of one common share and a warrant
to purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.15 and expires two years from the date
of issuance.
On August 9, 2018, the Company completed a private placement
of 1,907,088 units at a price of CAD $0.68 (USD $0.52) per unit for gross proceeds of CAD $1,296,820 (USD $1,000,000). The Company
paid USD $26,487 in offering costs and received net proceeds of USD $973,513. Each unit consisted of one common share and a warrant
to purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.15 and expires two years from the date
of issuance.
On April 16, 2019, the Company completed a private placement
of 3,914,632 units at a price of CAD $0.98 (USD $0.73) per unit for gross proceeds of CAD $3,836,340 (USD $2,856,356). Each unit
consisted of one common share and a warrant to purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of
CAD $1.70 and expires three years from the date of issuance.
On June 17, 2019, the Company completed a private placement
of 192,278 units at a price of CAD $0.98 (USD $0.73) per unit for gross proceeds of CAD $188,432 (USD $140,555). Each unit consisted
of one common share and a warrant to purchase one-half of one common share. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of CAD $1.70
and expires three years from the date of issuance.
Incentive Stock Option Plan
The Company maintains an Incentive Stock
Option Plan (the “Plan”) that permits the granting of stock options as incentive compensation. Shareholders of the
Company approved the Plan on June 30, 2008 and amendments to the Plan on June 20, 2013, and the Board of Directors approved additional
changes to the Plan on September 12, 2015.
The purpose of the Plan is to attract, retain
and motivate directors, management, staff and consultants by providing them with the opportunity, through stock options, to acquire
a proprietary interest in the Company and benefit from its growth.
The Plan provides that the aggregate number
of common shares for which stock options may be granted will not exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares at the
time stock options are granted. As of December 31, 2019, a total of 30,083,747 common shares were outstanding, and at that date
the maximum number of stock options eligible for issue under the Plan was 3,008,375.
On February 8, 2018, the Company granted options under the plan
for the purchase of an aggregate of 100,000 common shares to a director. The options have an exercise price of CAD $1.00 (US $0.73
as of December 31, 2018) and vest one half on the date of grant and one half on December 31, 2018. One half of the options expire
on January 31, 2023 and the remaining options expire on December 31, 2023.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE 7 - SHARE CAPITAL AND OTHER EQUITY
INSTRUMENTS, CONTINUED
On September 24, 2018, the Company granted options under the
plan for the purchase of an aggregate of 983,000 common shares to several officers, directors, and consultants. The options have
an exercise price of CAD $2.15 (US $1.58 as of December 31, 2018) and vest equally in three installments on the date of grant,
on October 31, 2018, and on March 31, 2019. One third of the options expire on September 24, 2023, one third expire on October
31, 2023, and the remaining one third expire on March 31, 2024.
Stock Options
|
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Weighted Average Exercise Price
(USD)
|
|
|
Weighted Average Contractual Life
(years)
|
|
|
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
(USD)
|
|
|
Intrinsic Value
(USD)
|
|
Outstanding - January 1, 2019
|
|
|
2,416,664
|
|
|
$
|
1.67
|
|
|
|
3.73
|
|
|
$
|
0.48
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired, forfeited, or cancelled
|
|
|
(208,664
|
)
|
|
$
|
3.80
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding – December 31, 2019
|
|
|
2,208,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.56
|
|
|
|
3.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.41
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Exercisable – December 31, 2019
|
|
|
2,208,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.56
|
|
|
|
3.01
|
|
|
$
|
0.41
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Weighted Average Exercise Price (USD)
|
|
|
Weighted Average Contractual Life
(years)
|
|
|
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair
Value
(USD)
|
|
|
Intrinsic Value
(USD)
|
|
Outstanding - January 1, 2018
|
|
|
1,846,996
|
|
|
$
|
1.92
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.42
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,083,000
|
|
|
$
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired, forfeited, or cancelled
|
|
|
(513,332
|
)
|
|
$
|
2.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.24
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding - December 31, 2018
|
|
|
2,416,664
|
|
|
$
|
1.67
|
|
|
|
3.73
|
|
|
$
|
0.48
|
|
|
$
|
38,705
|
|
Exercisable - December 31, 2018
|
|
|
2,088,997
|
|
|
$
|
1.68
|
|
|
|
3.57
|
|
|
$
|
0.47
|
|
|
$
|
38,705
|
|
The Company’s stock based compensation
expense related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $180,269 and $410,088, respectively. As of
December 31, 2019, the Company had $0 in unamortized stock option expense.
The Company utilized the Black-Scholes option pricing
model to determine the fair value of these stock options, using the assumptions as outlined below.
|
|
February 8,
2018
|
|
|
September 24,
2018
|
|
Stock Price
|
|
CAD $
|
0.52
|
|
|
CAD $
|
2.14
|
|
Exercise Price
|
|
CAD $
|
1.00
|
|
|
CAD $
|
2.15
|
|
Number of Options Granted
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
983,000
|
|
Dividend Yield
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
Expected Volatility
|
|
|
49
|
%
|
|
|
49
|
%
|
Weighted Average Risk-Free Interest Rate
|
|
|
1.64
|
%
|
|
|
2.94
|
%
|
Expected life (in years)
|
|
|
2.50
- 3.00
|
|
|
|
2.50-3.00
|
|
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE 7 - SHARE CAPITAL AND OTHER EQUITY
INSTRUMENTS, CONTINUED
Warrants
|
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Weighted Average Exercise Price
(USD)
|
|
|
Weighted Average Contractual Life
(years)
|
|
|
Intrinsic Value
(USD)
|
|
Outstanding - January 1, 2019
|
|
|
6,798,401
|
|
|
$
|
1.49
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
|
|
|
2,059,825
|
|
|
$
|
1.70
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
(255,313
|
)
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding – December 31, 2019
|
|
|
8,602,913
|
|
|
$
|
1.31
|
|
|
|
1.03
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
Exercisable – December 31, 2019
|
|
|
8,602,913
|
|
|
$
|
1.51
|
|
|
|
1.58
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
Number of Shares
|
|
|
Weighted Average Exercise Price (USD)
|
|
|
Weighted Average Contractual Life
(years)
|
|
|
Intrinsic Value
(USD)
|
|
Outstanding, January 1, 2018
|
|
|
4,095,563
|
|
|
$
|
2.27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued
|
|
|
2,766,107
|
|
|
$
|
0.84
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(63,269
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.98
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding - December 31, 2018
|
|
|
6,798,401
|
|
|
$
|
1.49
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
$
|
739,929
|
|
Exercisable - December 31, 2018
|
|
|
6,798,401
|
|
|
$
|
1.49
|
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
$
|
739,929
|
|
Note
8 - Mining Expenditures
|
|
For the years ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Permits
|
|
$
|
145,128
|
|
|
$
|
142,148
|
|
Maintenance
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
Mining Costs
|
|
|
318,960
|
|
|
|
19,879
|
|
Contract Labor
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
11,050
|
|
Royalties
|
|
|
2,029
|
|
|
|
4,638
|
|
|
|
$
|
466,117
|
|
|
$
|
177,715
|
|
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE
9 - Related Party Transactions AND
BALANCES
The Company has transacted with related parties pursuant to
service arrangements in the ordinary course of business, as follows:
Prior to the acquisition of Black Range, Mr. George Glasier,
the Company’s CEO, who is also a director (“Seller”), transferred his interest in a former joint venture with
Ablation Technologies, LLC to Black Range. In connection with the transfer, Black Range issued 25 million shares of Black Range
common shares to Seller and committed to pay AUD $500,000 (USD $351,099 as of December 31, 2019) to Seller within 60 days of the
first commercial application of the kinetic separation technology. Western assumed this contingent payment obligation in connection
with the acquisition of Black Range. At the date of the acquisition of Black Range, this contingent obligation was determined to
be probable. Since the deferred contingent consideration obligation is probable and the amount is estimable, the Company recorded
the deferred contingent consideration as an assumed liability in the amount of $351,099 and $352,361 as of December 31, 2019 and
December 31, 2018, respectively.
Note
10 – Income Taxes
The tax effects of temporary differences
that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Net operating loss carryovers
|
|
$
|
4,634,775
|
|
|
$
|
4,114,419
|
|
Marketable securities
|
|
|
15,562
|
|
|
|
15,060
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
43,659
|
|
|
|
39,871
|
|
Deferred tax assets, gross
|
|
|
4,693,996
|
|
|
|
4,169,350
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: valuation allowance
|
|
|
(2,427,666
|
)
|
|
|
(1,962,122
|
)
|
Deferred tax assets, net
|
|
|
2,266,330
|
|
|
|
2,207,228
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment
|
|
|
(4,975,217
|
)
|
|
|
(4,916,115
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net
|
|
$
|
(2,708,887
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,708,887
|
)
|
The change in the Company’s valuation allowance is as
follows:
|
|
For the Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
$
|
1,962,122
|
|
|
$
|
1,512,585
|
|
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance
|
|
|
465,543
|
|
|
|
449,537
|
|
End of year
|
|
$
|
2,427,665
|
|
|
$
|
1,962,122
|
|
A reconciliation of the provision for income
taxes with the amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal income tax rate to income from operations before the provision
for income taxes is as follows:
WESTERN
URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES
TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated
in USD)
Note
10 – Income Taxes, CONTINUED
|
|
For the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2018
|
|
U.S. federal statutory rate
|
|
|
(21.0
|
)%
|
|
|
(21.0
|
)%
|
State and foreign taxes
|
|
|
(3.8
|
)%
|
|
|
(3.8
|
)%
|
Permanent differences
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-deductible expenses
|
|
|
2.3
|
%
|
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
22.5
|
%
|
|
|
22.0
|
%
|
Change in federal tax rate
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
True-up of prior year deferred tax assets
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
(2.4
|
)%
|
Effective income tax rate
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
The Company has net operating loss carryovers of approximately
$18,688,609 for federal and state income tax purposes and net operating loss carryovers of $10,887,091 for Canadian provincial
tax purposes which begin to expire in 2026. The ultimate realization of the net operating loss is dependent upon future taxable
income, if any, of the Company.
Based on losses from inception, the Company
determined that as of December 31, 2019 it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize benefits from the deferred
tax assets. The Company will not record income tax benefits in the consolidated financial statements until it is determined that
it is more likely than not that the Company will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred income tax assets.
As a result of the analysis, the Company determined that a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets was required of
$2,427,666 and $1,962,122 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”)
Section 382 imposes limitations on the use of net operating loss carryovers when the stock ownership of one or more 5% stockholders
(stockholders owning 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding capital stock) has increased on a cumulative basis over a period
of three years by more than 50 percentage points. Management cannot control the ownership changes occurring. Accordingly, there
is a risk of an ownership change beyond the control of the Company that could trigger a limitation of the use of the loss carryover.
The Company has analyzed the issuances of shares of common shares during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and does not
believe such change of control occurred. If such ownership change under IRC section 382 had occurred, such change would substantially
limit the Company’s ability in the future to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards.
Note
11 – Option and exploration agreement
Hansen and Picnic Tree Loss of Property
On September 16, 2015, in connection with the Company’s
acquisition of Black Range, the Company assumed an option and exploration agreement (the “Option and Exploration Agreement”)
with STB Minerals, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company (“STB”). The Option and Exploration Agreement gives the
Company the right to purchase 51% of the mineral rights of specific areas of the Hansen and Picnic Tree deposits (for which the
Company already holds 49% of the rights). If the Company were to exercise its option under the Option and Exploration Agreement,
it would require the Company to (a) make a cash payment of $2,500,000 immediately upon exercise; (b) issue shares of common shares
to STB amounting to a value of $3,750,000 immediately upon exercise; and (c) issue shares of common shares to STB amounting to
a value of $3,750,000 on the date that is 180 days following exercise. The Option and Exploration Agreement was scheduled to expire
by its terms (as extended) on July 28, 2019 if not exercised.
Prior to July 28, 2019, the Company decided
not to exercise the option to purchase the remaining 51% of the mineral rights of specific areas of the Hansen and Picnic Tree
deposits, and thus the option has expired unexercised.
Note
12 – Commitments and contiNgencies
Legal Proceedings
On June 13, 2019, Black Range was sued over
the original Weld County Colorado deed language. The lawsuit was filed in the Weld County District Court. This deed was negotiated
prior to the Company acquiring Black Range in September 2015 by prior management and a bank representing the estate of the property
owner. The plaintiff, the estate’s beneficiaries, assert that it was the intent that they would receive a production override
royalty for oil and gas production from the property, however this language was not included in the deed. Western’s attorney
has filed a response with the court contesting this allegation. This only involves royalties on oil and gas production on this
undeveloped property, thus there is no current economic impact. Court procedure mandates that the parties participate in a mediation
process before bringing the matter before the court. During the scheduling of the mediation process, the parties agreed to a settlement.
The plaintiff was given a non-participating royalty interest of 1/8th of 8/8th’s for all hydrocarbon
and non-hydrocarbon substances that are produced and sold from the Weld County property. As the settlement only impacts future
economics, the Company will not recognize any gain or loss from this transaction.
WESTERN URANIUM & VANADIUM CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Stated in USD)
NOTE 13 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Values
The Company’s financial
instruments consist of cash, restricted cash, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The fair values of these
financial instruments approximate their carrying values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The
Company’s financial instruments also incorporated marketable securities that are adjusted to fair value at each balance
sheet date based on quoted prices which are considered level 1 inputs. The reclamation deposits, which are reflected in
restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets, are deposits mainly invested in certificates of deposit at major
financial institutions and their fair values were estimated to approximate their carrying values. There were no transfers of
financial instruments between Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Foreign Currency Risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that changes in the rates of exchange
on foreign currencies will impact the financial position or cash flows of the Company. The Company’s reporting currency is
the United States Dollar. The functional currency for Western Uranium & Vanadium Corp. standalone entity is the Canadian dollar.
The Company is exposed to foreign currency risks in relation to certain any activity that is to be settled in Canadian funds. Management
monitors its foreign currency exposure regularly to minimize the risk of an adverse impact on its cash flows.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentration of credit risk is the risk
of loss in the event that certain counterparties are unable to fulfill its obligations to the Company. The Company limits its exposure
to credit loss on its cash and restricted cash by placing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions. The Company
does not have any cash in excess of federally insured limits.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company’s
consolidated cash flows from operations will not be sufficient for the Company to continue operating and discharge is liabilities.
The Company is exposed to liquidity risk as its continued operation is dependent upon its ability to obtain financing, either in
the form of debt or equity, or achieving profitable operations in order to satisfy its liabilities as they come due.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that fluctuations
in the market prices of minerals will impact the Company’s future cash flows. The Company is exposed to market risk on the
price of uranium & vanadium, which will determine its ability to build and achieve profitable operations, the amount of exploration
and development work that the Company will be able to perform, and the number of financing opportunities that will be available.
Management believes that it would be premature at this point to enter into any hedging or forward contracts to mitigate its exposure
to specific market price risks.
Note
14 – Subsequent Events
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19,
was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, the COVID-19 coronavirus has spread to multiple countries, including
the United States and Canada. As the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to spread in the United States and Canada, we may experience
disruptions that could severely impact our business. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to rapidly evolve.
The extent to which the COVID-19 coronavirus may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain
and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel
restrictions and social distancing in the United States, Canada and other countries, business closures or business disruptions
and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States, Canada and other countries to contain and treat the disease.
On January 6, 2020, the Company granted options under the Plan for
the purchase of an aggregate of 600,000 common shares to five individuals consisting of directors, officers, and consultants of
the Company. The options have a five year term, an exercise price of CAD $1.03 (US $0.79 as of December 31, 2019) and vest equally
in thirds commencing initially on the date of grant and thereafter on January 31, 2020, and June 30, 2020.
On February 4, 2020, the Colorado DRMS sent a Notice of Hearing
to Declare Termination of Mining Operations to Western for the Sunday Mine Complex. At issue is the application of an unchallenged
Colorado Court of Appeals Opinion for a separate mine, with very different facts that is retroactively modifying DRMS rules and
regulations. The Company maintains that it was timely in meeting existing rules and regulations. The formal hearing was scheduled
to be held during the April 22-23, 2020 MLRB Board meeting, which has now been moved to the May 13-14, 2020 MLRB Board meeting
due to the impacts of the COVID-19 virus.
F-21