By Patryk Wasilewski

WARSAW--Poland's PZU SA (PZU.WA), Central Europe's largest insurance company, said Wednesday it is interested in taking over local lenders, a move that would reduce the role of eurozone investors in the Polish banking system.

The company, controlled by the Polish government, said it has up to 5 billion zlotys ($1.37 billion) to spend on acquisitions, after it posted a 24% annual rise in first-quarter earnings to $258 million, supported by higher premiums and the rising value of its financial assets.

Several small and medium-sized lenders in Poland are up for sale, including the local operations of Austria's Raiffeisen International and listed Alior Bank SA (ALR.WA), controlled by a private French investor.

Poland has for years sought to reduce the share of the domestic banking sector held by foreign companies amid concerns that the debt problems of some eurozone members could affect local lending and banking operations. Central bank Gov. Marek Belka has said the National Bank of Poland is ready to assist any transaction that would bring commercial banks with troubled parents back into Poland's fold.

So far, efforts by Polish investors--who hold about 60% of local banking sector assets--to gain more control have had limited success. State-controlled bank PKO Bank Polski SA (PKO.WA), which posted a 19% drop in first-quarter net profit on Wednesday, managed to buy the Polish unit of Nordea Bank AB in 2013.

PZU, one of the largest Polish companies by revenue, has pursued a policy of acquisitions in many industries and countries around Central Europe, including rival insurers and healthcare providers. By moving into the banking sector, it seeks a higher return on capital in a low-interest-rate environment, Chief Financial Officer Przemyslaw Dabrowski said Wednesday, adding "no official talks" are taking place.

He said the insurer isn't interested in creating a combined insurance-banking operation, but doesn't rule out bidding for a majority stake in a bank.

PZU's shares were 1.9% higher on Wednesday afternoon, outperforming the blue-chip WIG20 index, which was little changed. The company's market value was $11.4 billion while its assets at the end of the first quarter were worth the equivalent of $19.5 billion.

The Polish government holds 35.2% of PZU, which is on the list of companies the state considers strategic and wishes to keep control of.

Write to Patryk Wasilewski at patryk.wasilewski@wsj.com

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