Table of Contents

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form 6-K

 

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of March 2020

 

 

LG Display Co., Ltd.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

 

LG Twin Towers, 128 Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07336, Republic of Korea

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F  ☒            Form 40-F  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):  ☐

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):  ☐

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submission to furnish a report or other document that the registration foreign private issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrant’s “home country”), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrant’s securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrant’s security holders, and if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or other Commission filing on EDGAR.

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes  ☐            No  ☒

 

 

 


Table of Contents

ANNUAL REPORT

(From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019)

THIS IS A TRANSLATION OF THE ANNUAL REPORT ORIGINALLY PREPARED IN KOREAN AND IS IN SUCH FORM AS REQUIRED BY THE KOREAN FINANCIAL SUPERVISORY COMMISSION.

IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS, SOME PARTS OF THE REPORT WERE REFORMATTED, REARRANGED OR SUMMARIZED AND CERTAIN NUMBERS WERE ROUNDED FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF READERS. REFERENCES TO “Q1”, “Q2”, “Q3” AND “Q4” OF A FISCAL YEAR ARE REFERENCES TO THE THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31, JUNE 30, SEPTEMBER 30 AND DECEMBER 31, RESPECTIVELY, OF SUCH FISCAL YEAR.

UNLESS EXPRESSLY STATED OTHERWISE, ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PRESENTED ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS IN ACCORDANCE WITH KOREAN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS, OR K-IFRS, WHICH DIFFER IN CERTAIN RESPECTS FROM GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN CERTAIN OTHER COUNTRIES, INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES. K-IFRS ALSO DIFFERS IN CERTAIN RESPECTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS AS ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD. WE HAVE MADE NO ATTEMPT TO IDENTIFY OR QUANTIFY THE IMPACT OF THESE DIFFERENCES IN THIS DOCUMENT.

Contents

 

  1.  

Company

     4  
   

A.

   Name and contact information      4  
   

B.

   Credit rating      4  
   

C.

   Capitalization      6  
   

D.

   Voting rights      7  
   

E.

   Dividends      7  
  2.  

Business

     8  
   

A.

   Business overview      8  
   

B.

   Industry      8  
   

C.

   New businesses      10  
  3.  

Major Products and Raw Materials

     10  
   

A.

   Major products      10  
   

B.

   Average selling price trend of major products      11  
   

C.

   Major raw materials      11  
  4.  

Production and Equipment

     12  
   

A.

   Production capacity and output      12  
   

B.

   Production performance and utilization ratio      13  
   

C.

   Investment plan      13  
  5.  

Sales

     13  
   

A.

   Sales performance      13  
   

B.

   Sales organization and sales route      13  
   

C.

   Sales methods and sales terms      14  
   

D.

   Sales strategy      14  
   

E.

   Major customers      14  
  6.  

Purchase Orders

     15  
  7.  

Market Risks and Risk Management

     15  
   

A.

   Market risks      15  

 

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Table of Contents
   

B.

   Risk management      15  
  8.   Derivative Contracts      15  
    A.    Currency risks      15  
    B.    Interest rate risks      16  
  9.   Major Contracts      16  
  10.   Research & Development      16  
    A.    Summary of R&D-related expenditures      16  
    B.    R&D achievements      17  
  11.   Intellectual Property      19  
  12.   Environmental and Safety Matters      19  
  13.   Financial Information      22  
    A.    Financial highlights (Based on consolidated K-IFRS)      22  
    B.    Financial highlights (Based on separate K-IFRS)      23  
    C.    Consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019      24  
    D.    Status of equity investments as of December 31, 2019      25  
  14.   Audit Information      26  
    A.    Audit service      26  
    B.    Non-audit service      26  
  15.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations      26  
    A.    Risk relating to forward-looking statements      26  
    B.    Overview      27  
    C.    Financial condition and results of operations      27  
    D.    Liquidity and capital resources      39  
  16.   Board of Directors      44  
    A.    Members of the board of directors      44  
    B.    Committees of the board of directors      45  
    C.    Independence of directors      45  
  17.   Information Regarding Shares      46  
    A.    Total number of shares      46  
    B.    Shareholder list      46  
  18.   Directors and Employees      46  
    A.    Directors      46  
    B.    Employees      50  
  19.   Other Matters      51  
    A.    Legal proceedings      51  
    B.    Material events subsequent to the reporting period      51  
    C.    Material change in management      51  
Attachment: 1. Financial Statements in accordance with K-IFRS   

 

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1.

Company

 

  A.

Name and contact information

The name of our company is “EL-GI DISPLAY CHUSIK HOESA,” which shall be “LG Display Co., Ltd.” in English.

Our principal executive office is located at LG Twin Towers, 128 Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07336, Republic of Korea, and our telephone number is +82-2-3777-1010. Our website address is http://www.lgdisplay.com.

 

  B.

Credit rating

 

  (1)

Corporate bonds (Domestic)

 

Subject instrument

  

Month of rating(1)

  

Credit rating(2)

  

Rating agency (Rating range)

Corporate bonds    May 2017    AA    NICE Information Service Co., Ltd. (AAA ~ D)
   February 2018
   May 2018
   February 2019    AA-
   April 2019
   November 2019
   May 2017    AA    Korea Investors Service, Inc. (AAA ~ D)
   October 2017
   May 2018
   February 2019    AA-
   June 2019
   October 2019
   May 2017    AA    Korea Ratings Corporation (AAA ~ D)
   October 2017
   February 2018
   April 2018
   April 2019    AA-
   November 2019

 

(1)

The results of our credit ratings subsequent to the reporting period are as follows:

 

Subject instrument

  

Month of rating

  

Credit rating(2)

  

Rating agency (Rating range)

Corporate bonds    February 2020    A+    NICE Information Service Co., Ltd. (AAA ~ D)
Corporate bonds    February 2020    A+    Korea Investors Service, Inc. (AAA ~ D)

Corporate bonds

   February 2020    A+    Korea Ratings Corporation (AAA ~ D)

 

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(2)

Domestic corporate bond credit ratings are generally defined to indicate the following:

 

Subject instrument

  

Credit rating

  

Definition

Corporate bonds   

AAA

   Strongest capacity for timely repayment.
  

 

AA+/AA/AA-

  

 

Very strong capacity for timely repayment. This capacity may, nevertheless, be slightly inferior than is the case for the highest rating category

  

 

A+/A/A-

  

 

Strong capacity for timely repayment. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher rating categories.

  

 

BBB+/BBB/BBB-

  

 

Capacity for timely repayment is adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and in economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

  

 

BB+/BB/BB-

  

 

Capacity for timely repayment is currently adequate, but that there are some speculative characteristics that make the repayment uncertain over time.

  

 

B+/B/B-

  

 

Lack of adequate capacity for repayment and speculative characteristics. Interest payment in time of unfavorable economic conditions is uncertain.

  

 

CCC

  

 

Lack of capacity for even current repayment and high risk of default.

  

 

CC

  

 

Greater uncertainties than higher ratings.

  

 

C

  

 

High credit risk and lack of capacity for timely repayment.

  

 

D

  

 

Insolvency.

 

  (2)

Corporate bonds (Overseas)

 

Subject instrument

  

Month of rating

  

Credit rating

  

Rating agency (Rating range)

Corporate bonds(1)

   November 2018    AA    Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (AAA ~ D)

 

(1)

Represents credit rating for our overseas corporate bonds guaranteed by the Korea Development Bank.

(2)

Overseas corporate bond credit ratings are generally defined to indicate the following:

 

Subject instrument

  

Credit rating

  

Definition

Corporate bonds   

AAA

   Highest level of stability.
  

 

AA+/AA/AA-

  

 

Very high level of stability. This stability may be slightly more risky than is the case for the highest rating category but presents no issues.

  

 

A+/A/A-

  

 

High level of stability. There are no issues with repaying the principal, but there are characteristics that could be subject to future deterioration.

  

 

BBB+/BBB/BBB-

  

 

Level of stability is adequate. Current level of stability and profitability is adequate, but requires special attention during times of economic downturns.

  

 

BB+/BB/BB-

  

 

Speculative characteristics. There is no guarantee on future stability. Expected business performance is uncertain.

  

 

B+/B/B-

  

 

Inadequate as an investment target. Ability to make principal repayments or comply with contractual terms and conditions is uncertain.

  

 

CCC/CC/C

  

 

Very low level of stability. Ability to make payments of principal and interest is highly unlikely. Extremely speculative. Currently in default or undergoing a serious problem.

  

 

D

  

 

Bankruptcy.

 

  (3)

Commercial paper

 

Subject instrument

  

Month of rating

  

Credit rating(1)

  

Rating agency (Rating range)

Commercial paper    May 2017    A1    Korea Investors Service, Inc. (A1 ~ D)

 

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Subject instrument

  

Month of rating

  

Credit rating(1)

  

Rating agency (Rating range)

   May 2017    A1    Korea Ratings Corporation (A1 ~ D)
   October 2017    A1    Korea Investors Service, Inc. (A1 ~ D)
   December 2017    A1    Korea Ratings Corporation (A1 ~ D)
   May 2018    A1    Korea Investors Service, Inc. (A1 ~ D)
   May 2018    A1    NICE Information Service Co., Ltd. (A1 ~ D)
   November 2018    Cancelled(2)    Korea Investors Service, Inc. (A1 ~ D)
   November 2018    Cancelled(2)    NICE Information Service Co., Ltd. (A1 ~ D)

 

(1)

Domestic commercial paper credit ratings are generally defined to indicate the following:

 

Subject
instrument

  

Credit rating

  

Definition

Commercial paper    A1    Timely repayment capability is at the highest level with extremely low investment risk and is stable such that it will not be influenced by any reasonably foreseeable changes in external factors.
   A2    Strong capacity for timely repayment with very low investment risk. This capacity may, nevertheless, be slightly inferior than is the case for the highest rating category.
   A3    Capacity for timely repayment is adequate with low investment risk. This capacity may, nevertheless, be somewhat influenced by sudden changes in external factors.
   B    Capacity for timely repayment is acknowledged, but there are some speculative characteristics.
   C    Capacity for timely repayment is questionable.
   D    Insolvency.

※ ‘+’ or ‘-’ modifier can be attached to ratings A2 through B to differentiate ratings within broader rating categories.

 

(2)

Ratings have been cancelled due to repayment of our outstanding commercial paper on October 22, 2018 upon maturity.

 

  C.

Capitalization

 

  (1)

Change in capital stock (as of December 31, 2019)

There were no changes to our issued capital stock during the annual reporting period ended December 31, 2019.

 

  (2)

Convertible bonds (as of December 31, 2019)

 

Description

 

Issue Date

 

Maturity
Date

 

Issue Amount
(in Won)

   

Class of
Shares
Subject to
Conversion

 

Conversion
Period

 

Conditions for
Conversion

 

Outstanding Bonds

 

Notes

 

Conversion
Ratio

 

Conversion
Price

 

Issue Amount
(in Won)

   

Number of
Shares
subject to
conversion

Unsecured Foreign Convertible Bonds No. 3   Aug. 22, 2019   Aug. 22, 2024     813,426,670,000 (1)(2)    Registered Common Shares   Aug. 23, 2020 ~ Aug. 12, 2024   100%   W19,845     813,426,670,000 (1)    40,988,998   Listed on Singapore Stock Exchange

Total

    —       813,426,670,000     —     —     100%   W19,845     813,426,670,000     40,988,998   —  

 

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(1)

The issue amount for Unsecured Foreign Convertible Bonds No. 3 is calculated based on the application of the mid-point of the relevant Won-US dollar exchange rates as of noon, July 30, 2019 (Korea Standard Time) quoted on Bloomberg, which was W1,182.65 per U.S. dollar, to the actual issue amount of USD 687,800,000.

(2)

The proceeds of our Unsecured Foreign Convertible Bonds No. 3 were used for general corporate purposes.

 

  D.

Voting rights (as of December 31, 2019)

(Unit: share)

 

Description

  

Number of shares

 

A. Total number of shares issued(1):

  

Common shares(1)

     357,815,700  
  

Preferred shares

     —    

B. Shares without voting rights:

  

Common shares

     —    
  

Preferred shares

     —    

C. Shares subject to restrictions on voting rights pursuant to our articles of incorporation:

  

Common shares

     —    
  

Preferred shares

     —    

D. Shares subject to restrictions on voting rights pursuant to regulations:

  

Common shares

     —    
  

Preferred shares

     —    
E. Shares with restored voting rights:   

Common shares

     —    
  

Preferred shares

     —    

Total number of issued shares with voting rights (=A – B – C – D + E):

  

Common shares

     357,815,700  
  

Preferred shares

     —    

 

(1)

Authorized: 500,000,000 shares

 

  E.

Dividends

Dividends for the three most recent fiscal years

 

Description (unit)

   2019      2018      2017  

Par value (Won)

        5,000        5,000        5,000  

Profit (loss) for the year (million Won)(1)

        (2,829,705      (207,239      1,802,756  

Earnings (loss) per share (Won)(2)

        (7,908      (579      5,038  

Total cash dividend amount for the period (million Won)

        —          —          178,908  

Total stock dividend amount for the period (million Won)

        —          —          —    

Cash dividend payout ratio (%)(3)

        —          —          9.92

Cash dividend yield (%)(4)

  

Common shares

     —          —          1.69
  

Preferred shares

     —          —          —    

Stock dividend yield (%)

  

Common shares

     —          —          —    
  

Preferred shares

     —          —          —    

Cash dividend per share (Won)

  

Common shares

     —          —          500  
  

Preferred shares

     —          —          —    

Stock dividend per share (share)

  

Common shares

     —          —          —    
   Preferred shares      —          —          —    

 

(1)

Based on profit for the year attributable to the owners of the controlling company.

(2)

Earnings per share is based on par value of W5,000 per share and is calculated by dividing net income by weighted average number of common shares.

 

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(3)

Cash dividend payout ratio is the percentage that is derived by dividing total cash dividend by profit for the year attributable to the owners of the controlling company.

(4)

Cash dividend yield is the percentage that is derived by dividing cash dividend by the arithmetic average of the daily closing prices of our common shares during the one-week period ending two trading days prior to the closing of the register of shareholders for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to receive annual dividends.

 

2.

Business

 

  A.

Business overview

We were incorporated in February 1985 under the laws of the Republic of Korea. LG Electronics and LG Semicon transferred their respective LCD business to us in 1998, and since then, our business has been focused on the research, development, manufacture and sale of display panels, applying technologies such as TFT-LCD and OLED.

As of December 31, 2019, in order to support our business activities, we operated TFT-LCD and OLED production and research facilities in Paju and Gumi in Korea, and we have also established subsidiaries in the Americas, Europe and Asia.

As of December 31, 2019, our business consisted of the manufacture and sale of display and display related products utilizing TFT-LCD, OLED and other technologies under a single reporting business segment.

Consolidated operating results highlights

(Unit: In billions of Won)

 

     2019      2018      2017(1)  

Sales Revenue

     23,476        24,337        27,790  

Gross Profit

     1,868        3,085        5,366  

Operating Profit (loss)

     (1,359      93        2,462  

Total Assets

     35,575        33,176        29,160  

Total Liabilities

     23,086        18,289        14,178  

 

(1)

Figures for 2017 were recorded in accordance with the previously applicable accounting standards, including K-IFRS 1018, “Revenue” and K-IFRS 1039, “Financial Instruments.”

 

  B.

Industry

 

  (1)

Industry characteristics

 

   

The entry barriers to manufacture display panels are relatively high due to the technology and capital intensive nature of the mass manufacturing process that is required to achieve economies of scale, among other factors.

 

   

While growth in the market for displays used in notebook computer, monitor and other traditional IT products has stagnated or declined, the market for small- and medium-sized displays (including those used in smartphones) in the rapidly evolving IT environment has shown gradual growth. The display market for televisions has also shown steady growth mainly due to growing demand from developing countries as well as from consumers in general for larger sized display panels. As for displays used in industrial, automobile and other value added products, we expect to see growth in these markets.

 

  (2)

Growth Potential

 

   

We are focusing on securing profitability through differentiated products such as “Cinematic Sound” OLED and “Wallpaper” display panels under our strategic plan to transition our business to center around OLED, which has a strong future growth potential. In the television business, we are expanding our offerings of premium products such as OLED and UHD products. In particular, with respect to large-sized OLED television display panels, we are continuing to secure additional production capacity of 8.5th generation OLED panels and are planning to further strengthen the fundamentals of our OLED business through building a successful line-up of new products and investments in the 8.5th and 10.5th generation OLED display panel production. In the IT business, we are increasing the proportion of premium products such as high resolution and wide screen products based on IPS and Oxide technologies. In the mobile business, we are continuously striving to secure mass production capabilities for 6th generation plastic OLED smartphones through additional investments. We are also strengthening the foundation for the expansion of small- and medium-sized OLED business.

 

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  (3)

Cyclicality

 

   

The display panel business is highly cyclical and sensitive to fluctuations in the general economy. The industry experiences recurring volatility caused by imbalances between supply and demand due to capacity expansion and changing production utilization rates within the industry.

 

   

Macroeconomic factors and other causes of business cycles can affect the rate of growth in demand for display panels. Accordingly, if supply exceeds demand, average selling prices of display panels may decrease. Conversely, if growth in demand outpaces growth in supply, average selling prices may increase.

 

  (4)

Market conditions

 

   

Most display panel manufacturers are located in Asia as set forth below. Pursuant to the Chinese government’s initiative and support, Chinese panel manufacturers have continued to invest in new fabrication facilities and additional supplies, and the concern over intensification of a structural oversupply in the LCD industry continues to exist.

 

  a.

Korea: LG Display, Samsung Display, etc.

 

  b.

Taiwan: AU Optronics, Innolux, CPT, HannStar, etc.

 

  c.

Japan: Japan Display, Sharp, Panasonic LCD, etc.

 

  d.

China: BOE, CSOT, CEC Panda, HKC, etc.

 

   

Our worldwide market share of large-sized display panels (i.e., panels that are 9 inches or larger) based on revenue is as follows:

 

     2019   2018   2017

Panels for Televisions(1)(2)

   28.1%   28.3%   28.1%

Panels for Monitors(1)

   27.5%   30.7%   36.3%

Panels for Notebook Computers(1)

   22.3%   23.7%   21.3%

Panels for Tablet Computers(1)

   24.8%   31.0%   29.1%

Total(1)

   27.2%   28.8%   29.2%

 

(1)

Source: Large-Area Display Market Tracker (IHS Technology). The relevant amounts for the fourth quarter of 2019 reflect IHS Technology’s research based on actual results of operations.

(2)

Includes panels for public displays.

 

  (5)

Competitiveness and competitive advantages

 

   

Our ability to compete successfully depends on factors both within and outside our control, including product pricing, our relationship with customers, timely investments, adaptable production capabilities, development of new and premium products through technological advances, competitive production costs, success in marketing to our end-brand customers, component and raw material supply costs, foreign exchange rates and general economic and industry conditions.

 

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In order to compete effectively, it is critical to be cost competitive and maintain stable and long-term relationships with customers which will enable us to be profitable even in a buyer’s market.

 

   

A substantial portion of our sales is attributable to a limited number of end-brand customers and their designated system integrators. The loss of these end-brand customers, as a result of customers entering into strategic supplier arrangements with our competitors or otherwise, would result in reduced sales.

 

   

Developing new products and technologies that can be differentiated from those of our competitors is critical to the success of our business. It is important that we take active measures to protect our intellectual property internationally by obtaining patents and undertaking monitoring activities in our major markets. It is also necessary to recruit and retain experienced key managerial personnel and skilled line operators.

 

   

As a leading technology innovator in the display industry, we continue to focus on delivering differentiated value to our customers by developing various technologies and products, including display panels with OLED, IPS, in-TOUCH and other technologies. With respect to OLED panels, following our supply of the world’s first 55-inch OLED 3D panels for televisions in January 2013, we have shown that we are technologically a step ahead of the competition by continuing to introduce differentiated products with a variety of unique features specific to OLED technology, such as our “Wallpaper,” “Cinematic Sound,” “Rollable” and “Transparent” OLED panels for televisions. Moreover, we have supplied plastic OLED products for foldable notebook computers, automotive products, smartphones and wearable devices, among others. With respect to TFT-LCD panels, we are leading the market with our competitive advantages in technology, including through our IPS technology-based ultra-large and high-resolution ultra-high definition (“Ultra HD” or “UHD”) television panels, desktop and notebook monitors featuring differentiated designs and high frequency refresh rates, and specialized products for automotive, commercial and medical uses. Our production facilities are also equipped to produce products incorporating in-TOUCH technology.

 

   

Moreover, we are maintaining and strengthening close long-term relationships with major global firms to secure customers and expand partnerships for technology development.

 

  C.

New businesses

For our continued growth, we are actively exploring and preparing for new business opportunities that may arise in the changing market environment. As such, we are continually reviewing and looking at opportunities in the display and promising new industries.

 

3.

Major Products and Raw Materials

 

  A.

Major products

We manufacture TFT-LCD and OLED panels, of which a significant majority is sold overseas.

(Unit: In billions of Won, except percentages)

 

                         2019  

Business area

   Sales type   

Items (By product)

  

Usage

  

Major
trademark

   Sales
Revenue
     Percentages
(%)
 
Display    Goods/

Products/
Services/
Other
sales

  

Televisions

   Panels for televisions   

LG Display

     7,998        34.07
     

Desktop monitors

   Panels for monitors   

LG Display

     4,028        17.16
     

Tablet products

   Panels for tablets   

LG Display

     2,251        9.59
     

Notebook computers

   Panels for notebook computers   

LG Display

     2,784        11.86
     

Mobile, etc.

   Panels for smartphones, etc.   

LG Display

     6,415        27.32
              

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

                 23,476        100.0
              

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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  B.

Average selling price trend of major products

While average selling prices of display panels are subject to change based on market conditions and demand by product category, the average selling price of display panels per square meter of net display area shipped in the fourth quarter of 2019 increased by approximately 18% compared to the third quarter of 2019 due to an increase in the sales of plastic OLED mobile products, which resulted in an improvement in our overall product mix. There is no assurance that the average selling prices of display panels will not fluctuate in the future due to changes in market conditions.

(Unit: US$ / m2 )

 

Period

   Average Selling Price(1)(2)
(in US$ / m2)
2019 Q4    606
2019 Q3    513
2019 Q2    456
2019 Q1    528
2018 Q4    559
2018 Q3    500
2018 Q2    501
2018 Q1    522
2017 Q4    589
2017 Q3    600
2017 Q2    574

2017 Q1

   608

 

(1)

Quarterly average selling price per square meter of net display area shipped.

(2)

Excludes semi-finished products in the cell process.

 

  C.

Major raw materials

Prices of major raw materials depend on fluctuations in supply and demand in the market as well as on change in size and quantity of raw materials due to the increased production of large-sized panels.

(Unit: In billions of Won, except percentages)

 

Business area

  

Purchase type

  

Items

  

Usage

   Cost(1)      Ratio (%)    

Suppliers

Display

  

Raw materials

   Printed circuit boards    Display panel manufacturing      2,298        18.9   Korea SMT Co., Ltd., etc.
   Polarizers      2,116        17.4   LG Chem, etc.
   Backlights      1,935        15.9   Heesung Electronics LTD., etc.
   Glass      1,098        9.0   Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd., Asahi Electric Glass Co., Ltd., etc.
   Drive IC      983        8.1   Silicon Works Co., Ltd., MagnaChip Semiconductor Corporation, etc.
   Others      3,722        30.6   —  
           

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total

              12,153        100.0  
           

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

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-

Period: January 1, 2019 ~ December 31, 2019.

 

(1)

Based on total cost for purchase of raw materials which includes manufacturing and development costs, etc.

(2)

Among our major suppliers, LG Chem and Silicon Works Co., Ltd. are member companies of the LG Group, and Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. is our affiliate.

 

   

The average price of EGI (Electrolytic Galvanized Iron), which is the main raw material for BLU components, increased by 0.3% from 2017 to 2018 but decreased by 8.6% from 2018 to 2019. Such decrease in 2019 was due to uncertainties arising from the U.S.-China trade disputes. The average price of resin increased by 18.7% from 2017 to 2018 but decreased by 38.2% from 2018 to 2019. Such decrease in 2019 was due to a mismatch between supply and demand. The average price of copper, the main raw material for PCB components, increased by 6.0% from 2017 to 2018 but decreased by 8.0% from 2018 to 2019. Such decrease in 2019 was due to uncertainties arising from the U.S.-China trade disputes.

 

4.

Production and Equipment

 

  A.

Production capacity and output

 

  (1)

Production capacity

The table below sets forth the production capacity of our Gumi, Paju and Guangzhou facilities in the periods indicated.

(Unit: 1,000 glass sheets)

 

Business area

   Items      Location of facilities      2019(1)      2018(1)      2017(1)  

Display

     Display panel        Gumi, Paju, Guangzhou        9,408        10,161        10,538  

 

(1)

Calculated based on the maximum monthly input capacity (based on glass input substrate size for eighth-generation glass sheets) during the year multiplied by the number of months in a year (i.e., 12 months). The production capacity for facilities with adjusted utilization rates have been calculated based on the maximum input capacity during the period.

 

  (2)

Production output

The table below sets forth the production output of our Gumi, Paju and Guangzhou facilities in the periods indicated.

(Unit: 1,000 glass sheets)

 

Business area

   Items    Location of facilities    2019(1)    2018(1)    2017(1)

Display

   Display panel    Gumi, Paju, Guangzhou    8,373    9,428    9,262

 

(1)

Based on the production results (input standard) of each plant converted into eighth-generation glass sheets.

 

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  B.

Production performance and utilization ratio

(Unit: Hours, except percentages)

 

Production facilities

  

Available working hours
in 2019

  

Actual working hours in
2019

   Average utilization ratio  

Gumi

  

8,760(1)

(24 hours x 365 days)

  

8,680(1)

(24 hours x 362 days)(2)

     99.1

Paju

  

8,760(1)

(24 hours x 365 days)

  

8,654(1)

(24 hours x 361 days)(2)

     98.8

Guangzhou

  

8,760(1)

(24 hours x 365 days)

  

8,760(1)

(24 hours x 365 days)(2)

     100.0

 

(1)

Based on the assumption that all 24 hours in a day have been fully utilized.

(2)

Number of days is calculated by averaging the number of working days for each facility.

 

  C.

Investment plan

In 2019, our total capital expenditures on a cash out basis was approximately W7 trillion. In 2020, we expect that investment in OLED technology for the future will be nearly completed and plan to reduce our capital expenditures by approximately half as that compared to 2019.

 

5.

Sales

 

  A.

Sales performance

(Unit: In billions of Won)

 

Business area

  

Sales types

  

Items (Market)

   2019      2018      2017  
   Products    Display panel    Overseas(1)      22,180        22,722        25,763  
         Korea(1)      1,255        1,572        1,982  
         Total      23,435        24,294        27,745  
   Royalty    LCD, OLED technology patent    Overseas(1)      14        18        20  
         Korea(1)      0        0        0  
         Total      14        18        20  

Display

   Others    Raw materials, components, etc.    Overseas(1)      17        8        11  
         Korea(1)      10        17        14  
         Total      26        25        25  
         Overseas(1)      22,211        22,747        25,794  
   Total       Korea(1)      1,265        1,590        1,996  
           

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
         Total      23,476        24,337        27,790  
           

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

Based on ship-to-party.

(2)

Sales for 2017 were recorded based on previously applicable accounting standards, including K-IFRS 1018, “Revenue.”

 

  B.

Sales organization and sales route

 

   

As of December 31, 2019, each of our television, IT, mobile and OLED businesses had individual sales and customer support functions.

 

   

Sales subsidiaries in the United States, Germany, Japan, Taiwan, China and Singapore perform sales activities and provide local technical support to customers.

 

   

Sales of our products take place through one of the following two routes:

 

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  1)

LG Display Headquarters and overseas manufacturing subsidiaries g Overseas sales subsidiaries (USA/Germany/Japan/Taiwan/China/Singapore), etc. g System integrators and end-brand customers g End users

 

  2)

LG Display Headquarters and overseas manufacturing subsidiaries g System integrators and end-brand customers g End users

 

   

Sales performance by sales route

 

Sales performance

   Sales route    Ratio  
Overseas    Overseas subsidiaries      94.3
   Headquarters      5.7
Overseas sales portion (overseas sales / total sales)      94.6
Korea    Overseas subsidiaries      3.4
   Headquarters      96.6

Korea sales portion (Korea sales / total sales)

     5.4

 

  C.

Sales methods and sales terms

 

   

Direct sales and sales through overseas subsidiaries, etc. Sales terms are subject to change depending on the fluctuation in the supply and demand of LCD panels.

 

  D.

Sales strategy

 

   

As part of our sales strategy, we have secured stable sales to major personal computer manufacturers and leading consumer electronics manufacturers globally.

 

   

With respect to television products, we have led the premium television market with our OLED TVs and strengthened the differentiation of our OLED products through unique designs and integration of additional technologies (wallpaper, cinematic sound, rollable, etc.). We also strengthened sales of high-resolution, IPS, narrow bezel and other high-end display panels in the monitor, notebook computer and tablet markets.

 

   

With respect to smartphones, commercial products (including interactive whiteboards and video wall displays, among others), industrial products (including aviation and medical equipment, among others) and automobile display products, we have continued to build a strong and diversified business portfolio by expanding our business with customers with a global reach on the strength of our differentiated products applying IPS, plastic OLED, high-resolution, high-reliability, Super Narrow bezel, in-TOUCH and other technologies.

 

  E.

Major customers

 

   

Customers “A” and “B” each accounted for more than 10% of our sales revenue in 2018 and 2019, and our sales revenue derived from our top ten customers comprised 77% of our total sales revenue in 2018 and 80% in 2019.

 

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6.

Purchase Orders

 

   

We do not have purchase order contracts that recognize unbilled revenue by implementing the cost-based method.

 

7.

Market Risks and Risk Management

 

  A.

Market risks

The display industry continues to experience continued declines in the average selling prices of TFT-LCD and OLED panels irrespective of cyclical fluctuations in the industry, and our margins would be adversely impacted if prices decrease faster than we are able to reduce our costs.

The display industry is highly competitive. We have experienced pressure on the prices and margins of our major products due largely to additional industry capacity from panel manufacturers in Korea, Taiwan, China and Japan coupled with changes in the production mix of such manufacturers.

Our ability to compete successfully depends on factors both within and outside our control, including product pricing, performance and reliability, timely investments, adaptable production capabilities, utilization of differentiated technologies in product development, success or failure of our end-brand customers in marketing their brands and products, component and raw material supply costs, and general economic and industry conditions. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully with our competitors on these fronts and, as a result, we may be unable to sustain our current market position.

Our results of operations are subject to exchange rate fluctuations. To the extent that we incur costs in one currency and generate sales in a different currency, our profit margins may be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the two currencies. Our sales of display panels are denominated mainly in U.S. dollars, whereas our foreign currency denominated purchases of raw materials are denominated mainly in U.S. dollars and Japanese Yen. Seeking to achieve stable management, we take every precaution in our foreign currency risk management to minimize the risk of foreign currency fluctuations on our foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.

 

  B.

Risk management

As the average selling prices of TFT-LCD and OLED panels can continue to decline over time irrespective of industry-wide cyclical fluctuations, we may find it hard to manage risks associated with certain factors that are outside our control. However, we counteract such declines in average selling prices by increasing the proportion of high value added panels in our product mix while also implementing various cost reduction measures. In addition, in order to manage our risk against foreign currency fluctuations, we eliminate such risk by matching foreign currency inflow and outflow by currency. We also continually monitor our currency position and risk, and when needed, we may from time to time enter into cross-currency interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward contracts.

 

8.

Derivative Contracts

 

  A.

Currency risks

 

   

We are exposed to currency risks on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in currencies other than in Won, our functional currency. These currencies are primarily the U.S. dollar, the Chinese Yuan and the Japanese Yen.

 

   

Interest on borrowings is denominated in the currency of the borrowing. Generally, borrowings are denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by our underlying operations, primarily in Won, the U.S. dollar and the Chinese Yuan.

 

   

In respect of other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, we have adopted a policy to maintain our net exposure within an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates, when necessary, to address short-term imbalances.

 

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In 2019, in order to avoid risks of interest rate fluctuations and exchange rate fluctuations on foreign currency denominated borrowings with floating interest rates, we entered into an aggregate of $2,085 million in Won/US dollar cross currency swap agreements with Standard Chartered Bank and others, for which we have not applied hedge accounting.

 

   

Any rights or obligations arising from derivative contracts that do not apply hedge accounting are measured at fair value and are accounted for as assets and liabilities, whereas any resulting valuation gain or loss is recognized as profit or loss at the time such valuation gain or loss is incurred.

We recognized a net gain on valuation of derivative instruments in the amount of W41,782 million with respect to our foreign exchange derivative instruments held during the reporting period.

 

  B.

Interest rate risks

 

   

Our exposure to interest rate risks relates primarily to our floating rate long term loan obligations. We have established and are managing interest rate risk policies to minimize uncertainty and costs associated with interest rate fluctuations by monitoring cyclical interest rate fluctuations and enacting countermeasures.

 

9.

Major Contracts

Our material contracts, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, are set forth below:

 

Type of agreement

  

Name of party

  

Term

  

Content

Technology licensing agreement

   Semiconductor Energy Laboratory    October 2005 ~    Patent licensing of LCD and OLED related technology
   Hewlett-Packard    January 2011 ~    Patent licensing of semi-conductor device technology
   Ignis Innovation, Inc.    July 2016 ~    Patent licensing of OLED related technology

Technology licensing/supply agreement

   HannStar Display Corporation    December 2013 ~    Patent cross-licensing of LCD technology
   AU Optronics Corporation    August 2011~    Patent cross-licensing of LCD technology
   Innolux Corporation    July 2012 ~    Patent cross-licensing of LCD technology
   Universal Display Corporation    January 2015 ~ December 2022    Patent cross-licensing of OLED related technology

 

10.

Research & Development

 

  A.

Summary of R&D-related expenditures

(Unit: In millions of Won, except percentages)

 

Items(1)

          2019      2018(3)      2017(3)  

Material Cost

        388,444        496,789        605,983  

Labor Cost

        618,187        630,695        611,450  

Depreciation Expense

        523,631        351,936        221,171  

Others

        246,027        277,699        233,266  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total R&D-Related Expenditures

        1,776,289        1,757,119        1,671,870  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
    

Selling &
Administrative
Expenses
 
 
 
     924,020        918,512        917,645  
Accounting Treatment(2)     
Manufacturing
Cost
 
 
     414,324        465,772        418,018  
    
Development Cost
(Intangible Assets)
 
 
     437,945        372,835        336,207  

R&D-Related Expenditures / Revenue Ratio

(Total R&D-Related Expenditures ÷ Revenue for the period × 100)

 

 

     7.6      7.2      6.0

 

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(1)

Calculated based on the total R&D-related expenditures before subtracting government subsidies (state subsidies).

(2)

For accounting treatment purposes, selling & administrative expenses are presented as research and development expenses in our statements of comprehensive income, net of amortization of capitalized intangible asset development costs.

(3)

The figures for 2017 and 2018 have been restated due to changes in our method of recognizing R&D-related expenditures whereas the figures for 2019 was prepared in accordance with such modified method.

 

  B.

R&D achievements

Achievements in 2017

 

  (1)

Developed 5.7-inch QHD+ full vision display (LG Electronics)

 

   

Developed a full vision display smartphone product (G6) through strategic collaboration with other LG Group companies

 

   

Applied first 18:9 screen aspect ratio with 4-corner round display

 

  (2)

Developed mobile LTPS 30Hz product (SH 5.1-inch FHD)

 

   

Secured 30Hz low-frequency drive technology based on LTPS TFT-LCD

 

   

Reduced logic power consumption through 30Hz low-frequency drive (reduced from 96mW to 69mW on 5.1-inch FHD)

 

  (3)

Developed and released the world’s first Crystal Sound OLED, or CSO, television product

 

   

Released product with a new platform concept through development of OLED panel product with integrated speakers

 

   

Delivered OLED television product that achieves differentiated value not only in picture quality and design, but also sound quality

 

  (4)

Developed notebook oxide product (13.9-inch, Ultra HD)

 

   

Achieved high definition/narrow bezel product through application of oxide BCE GIP technology

 

   

Delivered low power consumption product through application of low refresh rate, or LRR, technology

 

  (5)

Developed medical monitor product for surgical endoscope (27.0-inch, Ultra HD)

 

   

Newly entered the medical devices market through development and production of medical monitor product for surgical endoscope

 

   

Achieved high definition (3,840 x 2,160), high luminance (800 nit) and high contrast ratio (1,300:1)

 

   

Implemented coverglass direct bonding applying our own manufacturing processes (M6 line)

 

  (6)

Developed the world’s first four-side borderless monitor with a resolution of 8K4K (31.5-inch 8K4K oxide)

 

   

Pioneered Ultra HD Premium MNT market through development of the world’s first four-side borderless monitor with a resolution of 8K4K

 

   

Delivered Ultra HD based on oxide GIP (280 PPI with a resolution of 7680x4320)

 

   

Delivered wide color gamut (Adobe RGB 100%/DCI 98%), four-side borderless

 

  (7)

Developed the world’s largest automotive Center Information Display (“CID”) product (15.4-inch Widescreen Ultra Extended Graphics Array (“WUXGA”))

 

   

Developed the world’s largest auto component display in the automotive industry

 

   

Guaranteed the first 1000hr reliability in the automotive industry

 

  (8)

Developed the world’s first 88-inch Ultra Stretch display product

 

   

Strengthened competitiveness through application of smart (digital) stepper

 

  (9)

Developed products utilizing U-IPS (75-inch/65-inch/55-inch/49-inch, Ultra HD)

 

   

Utilized U-IPS technology to strengthen product competitiveness by improving panel transmittance rate and reflectivity

 

  (10)

Developed the world’s first 65-inch UHD OLED television product utilizing GIP

 

   

Strengthened product competitiveness through application of the world’s first oxide based UHD GIP technology

 

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Achievements in 2018

 

  (1)

Developed the world’s first glass-integrated LCD television product (Art Glass Series)

 

   

Achieved LCD modular appearance and simplicity in design by using glass material throughout product (including the panel, light guide plate and back cover)

 

   

Strengthened competitiveness of frameless design by decreasing bezel size from 7.8mm to 5.9mm

 

  (2)

Developed our first 5.8-inch Ultra HD Mobile 4K product

 

   

Developed our first Ultra HD mobile product

 

   

Achieved high luminance, low power consumption and HD resolution by applying Ultra HD RGBW (M+) pixel structure

 

  (3)

Developed the world’s first 5.8-inch mobile FHD product applying M+

 

   

Our first product applying camera notch concept technology

 

  (4)

Developed the world’s first four-side borderless curved monitor with 1900R curvature radius

 

   

Our first product applying glass 0.25T (etching) bezel printing/reverse bonding process technology

 

   

Strengthened product competitiveness with our first shared design applying three-side/four-side borderless TFT Mask

 

   

Achieved high-speed driving at 144Hz, high color recall (DCI 98%) and HDR (peak luminance 550nit)

 

  (5)

Developed the world’s first 34-inch large-screen monitor/high-resolution four-sided borderless HDR

 

   

Pioneered HD Premium 21:9 monitor market through development of the world’s first WUHD(5K2K), four-side borderless monitor

 

   

Delivered Ultra HD (DCI 98Z%, sRGB 135%) by applying Adv. KSF LED PKG technology

 

   

Achieved high luminance (HDR 600); typ. 450 nit, maximum 600nit

 

  (6)

Developed LGD 6.01QHD+M+ Full Screen Display (LG Electronics)

 

   

Developed a full screen display concept smartphone product (G7) through strategic collaboration with other LG Group companies

 

   

Implemented a full screen display product concept through achievement of our first 19.5:9 screen aspect ratio and lower bezel of 2.7mm

 

  (7)

Developed the world’s narrowest bezel videowall product (0.44mm bezel, 55-inch FHD)

 

   

Achieved product competitiveness by developing the world’s narrowest bezel (originally 0.9mm g 0.44mm, Even Bezel)

 

  (8)

Developed the world’s first automotive glassless 3D cluster product

 

   

Developed FHD glassless barrier type 3D model (12.3 inches, 167 ppi level)

 

   

Achieved customers’ eye-tracking movement by applying a top moving barrier panel at the top of the panel

 

   

Improved adhesion accuracy of image panel and barrier panel by using OCA bonding technology

 

   

Improved barrier contrast ratio by applying a copper-based metal barrier panel

 

  (9)

Developed the world’s first 6th generation a-Si Indirect DXD product (21.9-inch, 14 x 17 resolution, 14µm pixel pitches)

 

   

Entered the DXD market through development of the world’s first 6th generation a-Si Indirect DXD product

 

   

Set up infrastructure for DXD product development through the development of our first DXD product

 

  (10)

Developed the world’s first 17-inch large-sized and lightweight notebook monitor

 

   

Developed large-sized (17-inch) product with a new screen aspect ratio (16:10)

 

   

Developed light-weight product (268g) through securing 17-inch+ Slim Design model technology

Achievements in 2019

 

  (1)

Developed the world’s first ultra large-sized in-TOUCH product (50-inch UHD)

 

   

World’s first to apply in-TOUCH technology on ultra large-sized products (50-inch and larger)

 

   

World’s first to apply low temperature PAS to achieve in-TOUCH function

 

  (2)

Developed the world’s first transparent WOLED product (55-inch FHD)

 

   

Developed WOLED-based Top Emission OLED device and process technology

 

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  (3)

Developed the world’s first OLED 8K product (88-inch 8K)

 

   

Developed gearing technology that secures and compensates aperture ratio for high resolution (8K) product implementation

 

  (4)

Developed the world’s first gaming monitor product applying OLED (55” UHD)

 

   

Developed 55” UHD gaming monitor product using advantages of OLED (latency, gray to gray, color recall)

 

  (5)

Developed the world’s first curved gaming monitor product applying AH-IPS COT (37.5” WQ+)

 

   

Developed and produced the world’s first monitor product applying AH-IPS COT

 

   

Pioneered gaming/curved premium monitor product market

 

  (6)

Developed the world’s first monitor product applying Crystal Sound Display (“CSD”) (27.0” FHD)

 

   

Developed and produced the world’s first monitor product applying CSD

 

   

Developed large-sized, front-oriented stereo speaker through the application of exciter and piezo to the bottom cover of the liquid crystal module

 

  (7)

Developed the world’s first automotive product applying plastic OLED (16.9” + 7.2” / 14.2”)

 

   

Developed and produced the world’s first 1CG multi-display product applying plastic OLED (16.9” + 7.2” / 14.2”)

 

11.

Intellectual Property

As of December 31, 2019, our cumulative patent portfolio (including patents that have already expired) included a total of 44,935 patents, consisting of 19,626 in Korea and 25,309 in other countries.

 

12.

Environmental and Safety Matters

We are subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations, and we may be subject to fines or restrictions that could cause our operations to be interrupted. Our manufacturing processes generate worksite waste, including water and air pollutants, at various stages in the manufacturing process, and we are subject to relevant laws and regulations in each area of the environment, including with respect to the treatment of chemical by-products. We have installed various types of anti-pollution equipment, consistent with environmental standards, for the treatment of chemical waste and equipment for the recycling of treated waste water at our various facilities. However, we cannot provide assurance that environmental claims will not be brought against us or that the local or national governments will not take steps toward adopting more stringent environmental standards. Any failure on our part to comply with any present or future environmental regulations could result in the assessment of damages or imposition of fines against us, suspension of production or a cessation of operations. In addition, environmental regulations could require us to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant compliance expenses that may materially and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In accordance with the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth, we implemented the greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption target system from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, we implemented the greenhouse gas trading system, under which we are responsible to meet our emission targets based on the emission credits allocated to us by the Ministry of Environment of the Korean government. As a result, we have been investing in additional equipment and there may be other costs associated with meeting reduction targets, which may have a negative effect on our profitability or production activities.

In connection with the greenhouse gas emission and energy reduction target system, we submitted a statement of our domestic emissions and energy usage for 2018 to the Korean government in March 2019 after it was certified by BSI Korea, a government-designated certification agency. The table below sets forth yearly levels of our greenhouse gases emissions and energy usage in the statement submitted to the Korean government:

(Unit: thousand tonnes of CO2 equivalent; Tetra Joules)

 

Category

   2018      2017      2016  

Greenhouse gases

     6,696        6,314        6,092  

Energy

     64,296        63,451        60,423  

 

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As we were designated as a target company for the greenhouse gas emission trading system in 2015, we submit a plan for allocating and monitoring our greenhouse gas emissions to the government every year. In order to continually promote the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, we have set a short-term goal to reduce the emission level from 2014 to 2022 by 16.8% and a medium- to long-term goal to reduce the emission level from 2014 to 2045 by 65.1%. To achieve this, we are continually investing in facility improvements and monitoring our emission levels.

We are making extensive investments to replace SF6 gas, which is the main component of greenhouse gases, with NF3 gas. In addition, as a short-term strategy, we are actively implementing measures in compliance with the emission trading system. In 2018, we reduced our carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emission levels by 1.28 million tons, which was 0.63 million tons more than our initial target of 0.65 million tons. As our medium- to long-term goal, we plan to develop low-carbon production technologies in order to eliminate greenhouse gas emission during our manufacturing process and to conserve energy.

The increase in greenhouse gas emission in 2018 is due to the inclusion of certain other greenhouse gas emissions (N2O used in deposition facilities and CO2 in cleaning facilities) during the second planning period (2018 to 2020) that were not included during the first planning period (2015 to 2017) in the overall amount of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with guidelines issued by the Korean government.

Operations at our manufacturing plants are subject to regulation and periodic scheduled and unscheduled on-site inspections by the Ministry of Environment and local environmental protection authorities. We believe that we have adopted adequate anti-pollution measures and have minimized our impact on the environment by improving existing and developing new technologies for the effective maintenance of environmental protection standards consistent with local industry practice. In addition, we have continually monitored, and we believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with, the applicable environmental laws and regulations in Korea. Expenditures related to such compliance may be substantial. Such expenditures are generally included in capital expenditures. As required by Korean law, we employ licensed environmental specialists to manage our water and air pollution, toxic materials and waste. In December 2013, to ensure safe water quality and reduce costs, we entered into a contract with a specialist company to operate our waste water treatment facilities. In stages beginning in November 1997, we have obtained environmental management system ISO 14001 certifications for our domestic panel and module production facilities and our overseas module production plants in Nanjing, Yantai, Guangzhou and Vietnam, and in December 2013, we have obtained energy management system ISO 50001 certifications for our domestic panel and module production plants and our overseas module production plants in Nanjing and Guangzhou.

In addition, in August 2014, GP1, our newest 8th generation panel fabrication facility located in Guangzhou, China, was the first electronics plant in China to receive the “Green Plant” designation under China’s Green China Policy, in addition to receiving ISO 14001, ISO 50001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 9001, PAS 2050 and ISO 14064-1 certifications. Furthermore, with respect to our production facilities in Gumi, we were first certified by the Ministry of Environment as a “Green Company” for P1 in 1997, and such certification has since been renewed on a timely basis, most recently in May 2018. In recognition of our efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we were awarded a commendation from the Minister of Environment in the efforts against climate change category in the 2013 Green Management Awards, which was jointly hosted by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. In addition, in recognition of our efforts to improve recycling and reduce waste, we received a citation in 2014 for being a leading recycling company from the Prime Minister of Korea and, in recognition of our continued water conservation activities (reuse system investments, etc.) and greenhouse gas emission reduction activities (process gas and energy reduction, etc.), we attained the highest level, Leadership A, and received the grand prize award at the CDP Water Korea Best Awards in 2016 from the Carbon Disclosure Project, which was presided over by the Carbon Disclosure Project Korea Committee. We also attained a Leadership A in the climate change information technology sector and received a carbon management honors award. Our continued efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was recognized again in 2018 following 2017 by becoming the only domestic information technology company to attain the Leadership A level and again receiving carbon management honors by ranking in the top five among all eligible companies. In May 2017, we were awarded a commendation from the Minister of Environment for having scored the highest grade among companies in the low- and medium-volume pollutant emitters category that had entered into voluntary agreements with the Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office, in recognition of having successfully met our voluntary targets for reduction of air pollutants as well as our overall efforts to enhance our relevant facilities and operational systems. In addition, in recognition of efficient control, management and operating systems implemented in our manufacturing facilities, we received the top-level certification, Level 1, in 2017 under the Factory Energy Management System evaluation presided by the Korea Energy Agency. Furthermore, in November 2017, we received the highest commendation, the Presidential Award, in the Korean Energy Efficiency Awards presided by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in recognition of our energy management practices and energy saving measures. In May 2018, we received the CEM Insight Award, presented at the Clean Energy Ministerial Meetings, and also received certification for our energy business management (Energy Champion) presided by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Korea Energy Agency in November 2018.

 

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In the case of the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2011/65/EU, with the adoption of Directive (EU) 2015/863 in 2016, four additional substances (four phthalate substances) have been added to the six already restricted substances, which additional restrictions became effective as of July 22, 2019. In order to address the latent risk elements of the four phthalate substances scheduled to be restricted in 2019 and to establish a more stable management system, we implemented in 2016 a preemptive response process with respect to such four phthalate substances. In implementing this process, we collaborated with external agencies to ascertain regulatory trends and establish our response strategy, and we formulated and applied effective management measures through the collaborative efforts of our development, procurement and quality teams. Beryllium (Be) was not designated internationally as a mandatorily restricted substance but has continued to be the subject of discussion for restriction, and certain of our customers have designated it as a restricted substance not to be used in products. Accordingly, we have completed verification of the parts used in products for customers who have banned the use of Beryllium. We have also conducted verification of the parts used in products for all customers who are expected to implement a ban and we have established a Beryllium verification process for parts in development. Through such efforts, we have established a voluntary hazardous substance response process that can be expanded to products for all customers, not only those who have requested a response.

In October 2005, we became the first display panel company to receive accreditation as an International Accredited Testing Laboratory by the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme, which is operated by the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy. In September 2006, we received international accreditation from TUV SUD, EU’s German accreditation agency, as a RoHS testing laboratory. Our efforts to keep pace with the increasingly stringent accreditation standards and to receive and maintain such accreditations are part of our on-going efforts to systematically monitor environmentally controlled substances in our component parts inventory. Moreover, we participated in reforming IEC 62321, an international testing standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission and used by RoHS, and the commission adopted our halogen-free combustion ion chromatography method in as IEC 62321-3-2, which was published in June 2013. In 2017, in a joint effort with the global product testing/accreditation agency SGS, we became the first display panel company to develop Eco Label, an environmentally friendly accreditation program for television display modules, and received the SGS Eco Label accreditation for our OLED and LCD television models in 2017 and 2018. For the IPS Nano Color for LCD, we received the Quality & Performance Mark from Intertek, a global product testing/accreditation agency, by applying a technology to eliminate cadmium (Cd) and indium phosphide (InP). In 2018, we became the first display panel company to receive the “Green Technology Certification” from the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT for improving the light efficiency technology of OLED to promote energy use reduction.

In June 2017, we were assessed a fine of W1 million, which we subsequently paid, for failure to meet certain waste disposal subcontractor requirements under the Waste Management Act. To prevent such violations from occurring again, we are strengthening the periodic evaluation process for our waste management subcontractors.

In June 2017, we were audited by the Ministry of Employment and Labor in connection with the occurrence of a safety accident and found to be in violation of certain provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act relating to supervisory obligations. As a result, we were issued a corrective order and assessed a fine of W2.4 million. In addition, the trial court ordered a fine of W0.5 million on each of us and our chief production officer on the basis of certain other applicable provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act. In relation to the same matter, in May 2018, the Prosecutor’s Office sought a fine of W3.0 million on each of us and our chief production officer on the basis of certain other applicable provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act. The trial court (Goyang Branch of Uijeongbu District Court) issued a summary order confirming the same fine of W3.0 million on November 22, 2018. We and our chief production officer appealed the trial court’s decision, and the case is currently pending appeal at the Uijeongbu District Court. In order to prevent such accidents from occurring again, we are strengthening our safety management standards and training for our employees.

 

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In January 2018, we were audited by the Ministry of Employment and Labor in connection with the occurrence of another safety accident and found to be in violation of certain provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act relating to supervisory obligations. As a result, we were issued a corrective order and assessed a fine of W14.4 million. In relation to this matter, in January 2019, the trial court (Goyang Branch of Uijeongbu District Court) assessed a fine of W1 million as a summary order on each of us and our chief production officer pursuant to certain other provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act. In addition, in January 2019, the trial court sought a fine of W4 million and W2 million on us and the employee in charge of on-site safety management, respectively, on the basis of certain other provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act. Relevant authorities are currently conducting further investigations. In order to prevent such accidents from occurring again, we are strengthening our safety management standards and training for our employees.

Also in January 2018, the government of Gyeong-gi Province issued a warning and assessed a fine of W1 million on us, which we subsequently paid, for the failure to comply with certain requirements relating to air pollutant emission and prevention facilities under the Air Quality Management Act. To prevent such violations from occurring again, we have shortened the air pollutant emission maintenance reporting period and strengthened the verification process for relevant data.

In February 2018, we were assessed a fine of W0.04 million by Paju City for stopping a vehicle in front of a day care center in violation of certain provisions of the Road Traffic Law. We have since paid the fine and are in the process of strengthening our parking guidance procedures to prevent such recurrence.

In March 2018, we were audited by the Ministry of Employment and Labor in connection with our health and safety training practices, and we were found to have omitted requisite health and safety training sessions for certain employees in our P9 facilities in 2016 and 2017. As a result, we were assessed a fine of W6.95 million, which we subsequently paid, and have strengthened our efforts to promote health and safety training programs in advance as well as our management and supervision activities to ensure such programs are conducted.

In April 2018, we were assessed a fine of W0.24 million by Yeongdeungpo-gu Office for our failure to keep one of our rescue vehicles current with its statutory inspection requirements, which we subsequently paid. In order to prevent recurrence, we are continually monitoring the compliance of inspection requirements for our vehicles.

In June 2019, the government of Gyeong-gi Province reviewed the operational history and the number of self-measurements of our emission outlets and confirmed that there were certain deficiencies in self-measurements for our reserve facilities. As a result, we were assessed a fine of W1.6 million by the government of Gyeong-gi Province, which we subsequently paid, for the violation of Article 39 of the Air Quality Management Act. To prevent the recurrence, we have established a monthly self-measurement plan for our reserve facilities.

 

13.

Financial Information

 

  A.

Financial highlights (Based on consolidated K-IFRS). Figures for 2017 are based on previously applicable accounting standards of K-IFRS 1018, “Revenue” and K-IFRS 1039, “Financial Instruments.”

(Unit: In millions of Won)

 

Description

   As of
December 31,
2019
    As of
December 31,
2018
    As of
December 31,
2017
 

Current assets

     10,248,315       8,800,127       10,473,703  

Quick assets

     8,197,160       6,108,924       8,123,619  

Inventories

     2,051,155       2,691,203       2,350,084  

Non-current assets

     25,326,248       24,375,583       18,685,984  

Investments in equity accounted investees

     109,611       113,989       122,507  

Property, plant and equipment, net

     22,087,645       21,600,130       16,201,960  

Intangible assets

     873,448       987,642       912,821  

Other non-current assets

     2,255,544       1,673,822       1,448,696  

Total assets

     35,574,563       33,175,710       29,159,687  

Current liabilities

     10,984,976       9,954,483       8,978,682  

Non-current liabilities

     12,101,306       8,334,981       5,199,495  

Total liabilities

     23,086,282       18,289,464       14,178,177  

Share capital

     1,789,079       1,789,079       1,789,079  

Share premium

     2,251,113       2,251,113       2,251,113  

Retained earnings

     7,503,312       10,239,965       10,621,571  

Other equity

     (203,021     (300,968     (288,280

Non-controlling interest

     1,147,798       907,057       608,027  

Total equity

     12,488,281       14,886,246       14,981,510  

 

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Table of Contents

(Unit: In millions of Won, except for per share data and number of consolidated entities)

 

Description

   For the year
ended
December 31,
2019
    For the year
ended
December 31,
2018
    For the year
ended
December 31,
2017
 

Revenue

     23,475,567       24,336,571       27,790,216  

Operating profit (loss)

     (1,359,382     92,891       2,461,618  

Operating profit (loss) from continuing operations

     (2,872,078     (179,443     1,937,052  

Profit (loss) for the period

     (2,872,078     (179,443     1,937,052  

Profit (loss) attributable to:

      

Owners of the Company

     (2,829,705     (207,239     1,802,756  

Non-controlling interest

     (42,373     27,796       134,296  

Basic earnings (loss) per share

     (7,908     (579     5,038  

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

     (7,908     (579     5,038  

Number of consolidated entities

     22       22       20  

 

  B.

Financial highlights (Based on separate K-IFRS). Figures for 2017 are based on previously applicable accounting standards of K-IFRS 1018, “Revenue” and K-IFRS 1039, “Financial Instruments.”

(Unit: In millions of Won)

 

Description

   As of
December 31,
2019
     As of
December 31,
2018
     As of
December 31,
2017
 

Current assets

     7,081,228        6,378,339        8,381,074  

Quick assets

     5,554,929        4,427,184        6,698,829  

Inventories

     1,526,299        1,951,155        1,682,245  

Non-current assets

     20,301,452        20,683,767        17,028,341  

Investments

     4,958,308        3,602,214        2,683,941  

Property, plant and equipment, net

     12,764,175        14,984,564        12,487,001  

Intangible assets

     708,047        816,808        731,373  

Other non-current assets

     1,870,922        1,280,181        1,126,026  

Total assets

     27,382,680        27,062,106        25,409,415  

Current liabilities

     9,140,483        7,416,630        7,394,605  

Non-current liabilities

     7,576,104        6,432,895        4,185,551  

Total liabilities

     16,716,587        13,849,525        11,580,156  

Share capital

     1,789,079        1,789,079        1,789,079  

Share premium

     2,251,113        2,251,113        2,251,113  

Retained earnings

     6,625,901        9,172,389        9,789,067  

Other equity

     0        0        0  

Total equity

     10,666,093        13,212,581        13,829,259  

 

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Table of Contents

(Unit: In millions of Won, except for per share data)

 

Description

   For the year
ended
December 31,
2019
     For the year
ended
December 31,
2018
     For the year
ended
December 31,
2017
 

Revenue

     21,658,329        22,371,687        25,591,082  

Operating profit (loss)

     (1,784,245      (472,995      1,536,730  

Operating profit (loss) from continuing operations

     (2,639,893      (442,291      1,779,721  

Profit (loss) for the period

     (2,639,893      (442,291      1,779,721  

Basic earnings (loss) per share

     (7,378      (1,236      4,974  

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

     (7,378      (1,236      4,974  

 

  C.

Consolidated subsidiaries (as of December 31, 2019)

 

Company Interest

  

Primary Business

   Location    Equity  

LG Display America, Inc.

   Sales    U.S.A.      100

LG Display Germany GmbH

   Sales    Germany      100

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

   Sales    Japan      100

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

   Sales    Taiwan      100

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

   Manufacturing    China      100

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

   Sales    China      100

LG Display Poland Sp. zo.o. (1)

   Manufacturing    Poland      100

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

   Manufacturing    China      100

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

   Sales    China      100

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

   Sales    Singapore      100

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

   Manufacturing and sales    China      51

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

   Manufacturing    China      100

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

   Manufacturing and sales    China      70

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

   Workplace services    Korea      100

Unified Innovative Technology, LLC

   Managing intellectual property    U.S.A.      100

Global OLED Technology LLC

   Managing intellectual property    U.S.A.      100

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

   Sales    China      100

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. (2)

   Manufacturing    Vietnam      100

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

   Manufacturing and sales    China      100

LG Display Fund I LLC (3)

   Investing in new emerging companies    U.S.A      100

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. (4)

   Manufacturing and sales    China      75

MMT (Money Market Trust)

   Money market trust    Korea      100

 

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Table of Contents
  D.

Status of equity investments (as of December 31, 2019)

 

  (1)

Consolidated subsidiaries

 

Company

   Investment
Amount
(in millions)
     Initial Equity Investment
Date
     Equity
Interest
 

LG Display America, Inc.

   US$ 411        September 24, 1999        100

LG Display Germany GmbH

   EUR 1        November 5, 1999        100

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

   ¥ 95        October 12, 1999        100

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

   NT$ 116        May 19, 2000        100

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

   CNY 3,020        July 15, 2002        100

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

   CNY 4        January 16, 2003        100

LG Display Poland Sp. zo.o. (1)

   PLN 511        September 6, 2005        100

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

   CNY 1,655        August 7, 2006        100

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

   CNY 4        August 28, 2007        100

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

   US$ 1.1        January 12, 2009        100

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

   CNY 116        January 5, 2010        51

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

   CNY 1,008        April 19, 2010        100

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

   W 800        March 19, 2012        100

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

   CNY 8,232        December 27, 2012        70

Unified Innovative Technology, LLC

   US$ 9        March 21, 2014        100

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

   CNY 1.2        May 27, 2015        100

Global OLED Technology LLC

   US$ 138        May 7, 2015        100

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. (2)

   US$ 600        May 13, 2016        100

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

   CNY 637        July 1, 2016        100

LG Display Fund I LLC (3)

   US$ 6        May 1, 2018        100

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. (4)

   CNY 14,570        July 11, 2018        75

MMT (Money Market Trust)

   W 34,700        March 31, 2017        100

Changes since December 31, 2018:

 

(1)

LG Display Poland Sp. zo.o. began a liquidation process as of July 1, 2019.

(2)

During the reporting period, we invested an additional W342,680 million in LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

(3)

During the reporting period, we invested an additional W4,073 million in LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC.

(4)

During the reporting period, we invested an additional W1,045,393 million in LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. As of the end of the reporting period, LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.’s invested capital in LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. was W32,329 million, and the non-controlling shareholders’ invested capital in LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. was W276,396 million. Due to such additional investment, our interest in LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. has increased from 69% in 2018 to 75% in 2019.

Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, the amount of dividends attributable to the parent company from the aggregate dividends distributed by our consolidated subsidiaries was W90,281 million and W11,120 million, respectively.

 

  (2)

Affiliated companies

 

Company

   Carrying
Amount
(in
millions)
    

Date of
Incorporation

   Equity
Interest
 

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

   W 50,697      January 2005      40

Invenia Co., Ltd. (1)

     —        January 2001      —    

Wooree E&L Co., Ltd. (2)

   W 7,310      June 2008      14

YAS Co., Ltd.

   W 19,424      April 2002      15

Avatec Co., Ltd. (3)

   W 19,929      August 2000      14

Arctic Sentinel, Inc.

     —        June 2008      10

Cynora GmbH (4)

   W 4,714      March 2003      12

Material Science Co., Ltd. (5)

   W 2,354      January 2014      10

Nanosys Inc. (6)

   W 5,183      July 2001      4

 

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Table of Contents

Changes since December 31, 2018:

 

(1)

In 2019, we sold all of the 3,000,000 shares of Invenia Co., Ltd. we previously held, and recognized a disposal gain of W4,324 million, which has been reflected as finance income.

(2)

In 2019, we recognized a reversal of impairment loss of W1,535 million as finance income with respect to the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of our investment in Wooree E&L Co., Ltd.

(3)

In 2019, we sold 650,000 shares of Avatec Co., Ltd. we previously held, and our interest in Avatec Co., Ltd. following such sale is 14% as of December 31, 2019. As a result of such sale, we recognized a disposal gain of W207 million, which has been reflected as finance income.

(4)

In 2019, we recognized an impairment loss of W3,954 million as finance cost with respect to the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of our investment in Cynora GmbH. We did not participate in Cynora GmbH’s paid-in capital increase during the reporting period, and as a result, our equity interest decreased from 14% as of December 31, 2018 to 12% as of December 31, 2019.

(5)

In 2019, we recognized an impairment loss of W736 million as finance cost with respect to the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of our investment in Material Science Co., Ltd.

(6)

In 2019, we recognized a reversal of impairment loss of W209 million as finance income with respect to the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of our investment in Nanosys Inc.

As of December 31, 2019, the market values of Woori E&L Co., Ltd., YAS Co., Ltd. and Avatec Co., Ltd., each of which is listed in the KOSDAQ market of the Korea Exchange, were W7,310 million, W39,300 million and W15,380 million, respectively.

Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, the aggregate amount of dividends we received from our affiliated companies was W5,272 million and W7,502 million, respectively.

 

14.

Audit Information

 

  A.

Audit service

(Unit: In millions of Won, hours)

 

Description

  

2019

  

2018

  

2017

Auditor

   KPMG Samjong    KPMG Samjong    KPMG Samjong

Activity

   Audit by independent auditor    Audit by independent auditor    Audit by independent auditor

Compensation(1)

   1,280 (500)(2)    1,170 (450)(2)    1,040 (450)(2)

Time required

   21,194    17,269    17,909

 

(1)

Compensation amount is the contracted amount for the full fiscal year.

(2)

Compensation amount in ( ) is for Form 20-F filing and SOX 404 audit.

 

  B.

Non-audit service

(Unit: In millions of Won, hours)

 

Period

  

Date of contract

  

Description of service

  

Period of service

   Compensation  

2019

   July 23, 2019    Issuance of comfort letters    July 23, 2019 ~ August 31, 2019      120  

2018

   September 11, 2018    Green bond verification    September 11, 2018 ~ October 9, 2018      45  

 

15.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

  A.

Risk relating to forward-looking statements

This annual report contains forward-looking statements that are, by their nature, subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views as of the date of this report with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance or results. Actual results may differ materially from information contained in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors beyond our control. We have no obligation to update or correct the forward-looking statements contained in these materials subsequent to the date hereof. All forward-looking statements attributable to us in this report are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.

 

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Table of Contents
  B.

Overview

In 2019, the display industry continued to experience a decline in panel prices caused by increased competition. We responded to such decline by optimizing our LCD business, including through the discontinuation of production at certain of our less competitive LCD fabrication facilities, and the acceleration of the transition of our business focus to OLED. However, certain delays in our OLED panel production and a continued decline in LCD panel prices led to a decrease in our revenue and our recording of a net loss in 2019 compared to net profit in 2018.

With respect to each of our business areas:

 

   

Television. While we were able to increase our revenue for OLED television panels through differentiated products and an expansion of our customer base, our overall revenue in the television business decreased as we discontinued the production of our large LCD fabrication facilities in Korea in the process of optimizing our less competitive LCD products.

 

   

IT. We focused on supplying high value-added products centered on larger-sized products leveraging the strengths of our oxide-TFT and IPS technologies and differentiated products such as those featuring lightweight and high definition,.

 

   

Mobile. We laid the foundation for the stabilization of our production by securing the technology necessary for mass production of plastic OLED products for smartphones.

 

  C.

Financial condition and results of operations

 

  (1)

Changes in Political, Economic, Social, Competitive and Regulatory Environment

Our industry is subject to cyclical fluctuations, including recurring periods of capacity increases, that may adversely affect our results of operations.

Display panel manufacturers are vulnerable to cyclical market conditions. Intense competition and expectations of growth in demand across the industry may cause display panel manufacturers to make additional investments in manufacturing capacity on similar schedules, resulting in a surge in capacity when production is ramped up at new fabrication facilities. During such surges in capacity growth, as evidenced by past experiences, customers can exert strong downward pricing pressure, resulting in sharp declines in average selling prices and significant fluctuations in the panel manufacturers’ gross margins. Conversely, demand surges and fluctuations in the supply chain can lead to price increases.

We address overcapacity issues by, in the short-term, adjusting the utilization rates of our existing fabrication facilities based on our assessment of industry inventory levels and demand for our products and, in the mid- to long-term, by fine-tuning our investment strategies relating to product development and capacity growth in light of our assessment of future market conditions.

From time to time, we have been affected by overcapacity in the industry relative to the general demand for display panels which, together with uncertainties in the current global economic environment, has contributed to a general decline in the average selling prices of a number of our display panel products. Our average revenue per square meter of net display area decreased by 13.6% from W667,726 in 2017 to W576,817 in 2018, which was largely driven by an increase in the supply capacity of global TFT-LCD panel manufacturers that applied downward pricing pressure, but increased by 5.9% to W610,716 in 2019, which primarily reflected our ongoing efforts to increase in our product mix the proportion of OLED panels, which generally have higher selling prices than TFT-LCD panels.

While we believe that overcapacity and other cyclical issues in the industry are best addressed by increasing the proportion of high margin, differentiated specialty products based on newer technologies in our product mix that are tailored to our customers’ evolving needs, we cannot provide any assurance that an increase in demand, which helped to mitigate the impact of industry-wide overcapacity in the past, can occur or be sustained in future periods. We will therefore continue to closely monitor the overcapacity issues in the industry and respond accordingly. However, construction of new fabrication facilities and other capacity expansion projects in the display panel industry are undertaken with a multiple-year time horizon based on expectations of future market trends. Therefore, even if overcapacity issues persist in the industry, there may be continued capacity expansion in the near future due to pre-committed capacity expansion projects in the industry that were undertaken in past years. Any significant industry-wide capacity increases that are not accompanied by a sufficient increase in demand could further drive down the average selling price of our panels, which would negatively affect our gross margin. Any decline in prices may be further compounded by a seasonal weakening in demand growth for end products such as personal computer products, consumer electronics products and mobile and other application products. Furthermore, once the differentiated products that had a positive impact on our performance mature in their technology cycle, if we are not able to develop and commercialize newer products to offset the price erosion of such maturing products in a timely manner, our ability to counter the impact of cyclical market conditions on our gross margins would be further limited. We cannot provide assurance that any future downturns resulting from any large increases in capacity or other factors affecting the industry would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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A global economic downturn may result in reduced demand for our products and adversely affect our profitability.

In recent years, difficulties affecting the global financial sectors, adverse conditions and volatility in the worldwide credit and financial markets, fluctuations in oil and commodity prices and the general weakness of the global economy have increased the uncertainty of global economic prospects in general and have adversely affected the global and Korean economies. Global economic downturns in the past have adversely affected demand for consumer products manufactured by our customers in Korea and overseas, including televisions, notebook computers, desktop monitors, tablet computers and mobile and other application products utilizing display panels, which in turn led them to reduce or plan reductions of their production.

The overall prospects for the global economy remain uncertain, especially in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in China, Korea and other countries. We cannot provide any assurance that demand for our products can be sustained at current levels in future periods or that the demand for our products will not decrease again in the future due to such economic downturns which may adversely affect our profitability. We may decide to adjust our production levels in the future subject to market demand for our products, the production outlook of the global display panel industry, in particular, the display panel industry, any significant disruptions in our supply chain and global economic conditions in general. Any decline in demand for display panel products may adversely affect our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.

Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, infectious diseases and other natural calamities could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

As our main production facilities are concentrated in China, Korea and Vietnam and we are heavily dependent on certain countries including Korea, Japan and the United States for our major equipment, components and raw materials, any natural calamity that escalate in such regions may have an impact on our production. For such reasons, we experienced temporarily closures of certain of our manufacturing facilities located in those areas affected by the current outbreak of COVID-19 in order to disinfect such facilities, protect the safety of our employees and prevent the infection from further spreading to the local communities. As our supply chain is generally concentrated in Northeast Asia, there may be delays in the supply of raw materials, components and manufacturing equipment as well as disruptions in our production levels due to unforeseen natural calamities that may recur in the future.

In particular, an outbreak of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, which has had an effect on the global economic activities, may affect our operations. The global economy may be adversely affected by a variety of infectious diseases that spreads worldwide, which may impact the market demand for finished products that utilize display panels. As a result, any changes in inventory management or purchase adjustment or other changes in the operational strategies of our end-brand customers, may affect our business performance.

 

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Our industry continues to experience steady declines in the average selling prices of display panels irrespective of cyclical fluctuations in the industry, and our margins would be adversely impacted if prices decrease faster than we are able to reduce our costs.

The average selling prices of display panels have declined in general and are expected to continually decline with time irrespective of industry-wide cyclical fluctuations as a result of, among other factors, technological advancements and cost reductions. Although we may be able to take advantage of the higher selling prices typically associated with new products and technologies when they are first introduced in the market, such prices decline over time, and in certain cases, very rapidly, as a result of market competition or otherwise. If we are unable to effectively anticipate and counter the price erosion that accompanies our products, or if the average selling prices of our display panels decrease faster than the speed at which we are able to reduce our manufacturing costs, our gross margin would decrease and our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We operate in a highly competitive environment and we may not be able to sustain our current market position.

The display panel industry is highly competitive. We have experienced pressure on the prices and margins of our major products due largely to additional capacity from panel makers in Korea, Taiwan, China and Japan.

Some of our competitors may currently, or at some point in the future, have greater financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, research and development or technological resources than we do. In addition, our competitors may be able to manufacture panels on a larger scale or with greater cost efficiencies than we do and we anticipate increases in production capacity in the future by other display panel manufacturers using similar display panel technologies as us. Any price erosion resulting from strong global competition or additional industry capacity may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, consolidation within the industry in which we operate may result in increased competition as the entities emerging from such consolidation may have greater financial, manufacturing, research and development and other resources than we do, especially if such mergers or consolidations result in vertical integration and operational efficiencies, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to compete successfully also depends on factors both within and outside our control, including product pricing, performance and reliability, our relationship with customers, successful and timely investment and product development, success or failure of our end-brand customers in marketing their brands and products, component and raw material supply costs, and general economic and industry conditions. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain a competitive advantage with respect to all these factors and, as a result, we may be unable to sustain our current market position.

Our operating results fluctuate from period to period, so you should not rely on period-to-period comparisons to predict our future performance.

Our industry is affected by market conditions that are often outside the control of manufacturers. Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period due to a number of factors, including seasonal variations in consumer demand, capacity ramp-up by competitors, industry-wide technological changes, the loss of a key customer and the postponement, rescheduling or cancellation of large orders by a key customer, any of which may or may not reflect a continued trend from one period to the next. As a result of these factors and other risks discussed in this section, you should not rely on period-to-period comparisons to predict our future performance.

Our financial condition may be adversely affected if we cannot introduce new products to adapt to rapidly evolving customer needs on a timely basis.

Our success will depend greatly on our ability to respond quickly to rapidly evolving customer requirements and to develop and efficiently manufacture new and differentiated products in anticipation of future demand. A failure or delay on our part to develop and efficiently manufacture products of such quality and technical specifications that meet our customers’ evolving needs may adversely affect our business.

Close cooperation with our customers to gain insights into their product needs and to understand general trends in the end-product market is a key component of our strategy to produce successful products. In addition, when developing new products, we often work closely with equipment suppliers to design equipment that will make our production processes for such new products more efficient. If we are unable to work together with our customers and equipment suppliers, or to sufficiently understand their respective needs and capabilities or general market trends, we may not be able to introduce or efficiently manufacture new products in a timely manner, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial situation.

 

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In addition, product differentiation, especially the ability to develop and market differentiated specialty products that command higher premiums in a timely manner, has become a key competitive strategy in the display panel market. This is in part due to trends in consumer electronics and other markets, such as televisions, tablet computers and mobile devices, where the growth in demand is led by end products employing newer technologies with specifications tailored to deliver enhanced performance, convenience and user experience in a cost-efficient and timely manner. Accordingly, we have focused our efforts on developing and marketing differentiated specialty products, such as OLED display panels for televisions and public displays including “Wallpaper” OLED panels, “Cinematic Sound OLED” sound integrated panels, rollable OLED display panels and transparent OLED display panels. We also strive to deliver differentiated values to meet our consumers’ demand for various display panels including (i) panels utilizing ultra-high definition, or Ultra HD, technology with oxide TFT backplanes, (ii) Advanced High-Performance In-Plane Switching, or AH-IPS, panels for tablet computers, mobile devices, notebook computers, desktop monitors, and (iii) plastic OLED display panels for smartphones, automotive products and wearable devices. We have also focused our efforts on cost reductions in the production process, in particular of panels with newer technologies, such as OLED, in order to improve or maintain our profit margins while offering competitive prices to our customers.

We have developed differentiated sales and marketing strategies to promote our panels for differentiated specialty products as part of our strategy to grow our operations to meet increasing demand for new applications in consumer electronics and other markets. However, we cannot provide assurance that the differentiated products we develop and market will be responsive to our end customers’ needs nor that our products will be successfully incorporated into end products or new applications that lead market growth in consumer electronics or other markets.

Problems with product quality, including defects, in our products could result in a decrease in customers and sales, unexpected expenses and loss of market share.

Our products are manufactured using advanced, and often new, technology and must meet stringent quality requirements. Products manufactured using advanced and new technology, such as our OLED technology, may contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced. For example, our latest display panels may contain defects that are not detected until after they are shipped or installed because we cannot test for all possible scenarios. Such defects could cause us to incur significant re-designing costs, divert the attention of our technology personnel from product development efforts and significantly affect our customer relations and business reputation. In addition, future product failures could cause us to incur substantial expense to repair or replace defective products.

We recognize a provision for warranty obligations based on the estimated costs that we expect to incur under our basic limited warranty for our products, which covers defective products and is normally valid for a certain period from the date of purchase. The warranty provision is largely based on historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and therefore we cannot provide assurance that the provision would be sufficient to cover any surge in future warranty expenses that significantly exceed historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims. In addition, if we deliver products with errors or defects, or if there is a perception that our products contain errors or defects, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our products could be harmed. Widespread product failures may damage our market reputation and reduce our market share and cause our sales to decline.

If economic conditions in Korea deteriorate, our current business and future growth could be materially and adversely affected.

Developments that could have an adverse impact on Korea’s economy include:

 

   

declines in consumer confidence and a slowdown in consumer spending;

 

   

deterioration in economic or diplomatic relations between Korea and its trading partners or allies, including deterioration resulting from territorial or trade disputes or disagreements in foreign policy (such as the ongoing trade disputes with Japan);

 

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adverse conditions or developments in the economies of countries and regions that are important export markets for Korea, such as China, the United States, Europe and Japan, or in emerging market economies in Asia or elsewhere, including as a result of deteriorating economic and trade relations between the United States and China and increased uncertainties resulting from the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union;

 

   

the occurrence of severe health epidemics in Korea and other parts of the world, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

 

   

adverse changes or volatility in foreign currency reserve levels, commodity prices (including oil prices), exchange rates (including fluctuation of the U.S. dollar, Euro or Japanese Yen exchange rates or revaluation of the Chinese Yuan, as well as the impact from the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union on the value of Korean Won), interest rates, inflation rates or stock markets;

 

   

increased sovereign default risk in select countries and the resulting adverse effects on the global financial markets;

 

   

a deterioration in the financial condition or performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises and other companies in Korea due to the Korean government’s policies to increase minimum wages and limit working hours of employees;

 

   

investigations of large Korean business groups and their senior management for possible misconduct;

 

   

a continuing rise in the level of household debt and increasing delinquencies and credit defaults by retail and small- and medium-sized enterprise borrowers in Korea;

 

   

the economic impact of any pending free trade agreements or changes in existing free trade agreements;

 

   

social and labor unrest;

 

   

decreases in the market prices of Korean real estate;

 

   

a decrease in tax revenue coupled with a substantial increase in the Korean government’s expenditures for fiscal stimulus measures, unemployment compensation and other economic and social programs that would lead to an increased Korean government budget deficit;

 

   

financial problems or lack of progress in the restructuring of Korean business groups, other large troubled companies, their suppliers or the financial sector;

 

   

loss of investor confidence arising from corporate accounting irregularities or corporate governance issues at certain Korean companies;

 

   

increases in social expenditures to support an aging population in Korea or decreases in economic productivity due to the declining population size in Korea;

 

   

geo-political uncertainty and the risk of further attacks by terrorist groups around the world;

 

   

natural or man-made disasters that have a significant adverse economic or other impact on Korea or its major trading partners;

 

   

political uncertainty or increasing strife among or within political parties in Korea;

 

   

hostilities or political or social tensions involving oil producing countries in the Middle East (including a potential escalation of hostilities between the U.S. and Iran) and Northern Africa and any material disruption in the global supply of oil or sudden increase in the price of oil;

 

   

increased reliance on exports to service foreign currency debts, which could cause friction with Korea’s trading partners;

 

   

the continued growth of the Chinese economy, to the extent its benefits (such as increased exports to China) are outweighed by its costs (such as competition in export markets or for foreign investment and the relocation of manufacturing bases from Korea to China);

 

   

political or social tensions involving Russia and any resulting adverse effects on the global supply of oil or the global financial markets; and

 

   

an increase in the level of tensions or an outbreak of hostilities between North Korea and Korea or the United States.

 

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  (1)

Results of operations

In 2019, the display industry continued to experience a decline in LCD panel prices caused by increased competition. We responded to such decline by optimizing our LCD business, including through the discontinuation of production at certain of our less competitive LCD fabrication facilities, and the acceleration of the transition of our business focus to OLED. However, certain delays in our OLED panel production and a continued decline in LCD panel prices led to a decrease in our revenue and our recording of a net loss in 2019 compared to net profit in 2018.

By business area:

 

   

Television. Our LCD television panel sales decreased by approximately 30% due to the discontinuation of our large LCD fabrication facilities production in Korea, while our revenue for OLED fabrication facilities increased by approximately 10% compared to the previous year due to increased productivity as well as our offering of differentiated products and an expansion of our customer base. As a result, the proportion of sales of our OLED television panels accounted for 34% within our overall television business, representing approximately a 10% increase compared to the previous year.

 

   

IT. We focused on supplying high value-added products centered on differentiated products with large-sized, lightweight and high definition features based on the strengths of our oxide TFT and IPS technologies. As a result, our revenue in this business area increased by approximately 10% compared to the previous year.

 

   

Mobile. We laid the foundation for the stabilization of our production by securing the technology necessary for mass production of plastic OLED products for smartphones. However, the cost incurred in the process of securing such mass production technology and the slowing demand in the high-end smartphone market contributed to a decline in our profitability for the year. Within our mobile business, our revenue in the automotive display sector increased by approximately 16% compared to the previous year, and we are expanding our automotive display business by supplying automotive plastic OLED products for the first time.

(Unit: In millions of Won)

 

Description

   2019      2018      Changes  

Revenue

     23,475,567        24,336,571        (861,004

Operating profit

     (1,359,382      92,891        (1,452,273

Profit (loss) before income tax

     (3,344,242      (91,366      (3,252,876

Profit (loss) for the period

     (2,872,078      (179,443      (2,692,635

 

  (a)

Revenue and cost of sales

Our revenue decreased by 3.5% compared to 2018 due to downward pricing pressure primarily resulting from increased supply competition from China and the downsizing of our LCD fabrication facility. Our cost of sales as a percentage of revenue increased by 4.7 percentage points from 87.3% in 2018 to 92.0% in 2019, reflecting a shift in our business model from LCD to OLED products as well as an upward impact from an increase in the supply of our OLED products.

(Unit: In millions of Won, except percentages)

 

Description

   2019     2018     Changes  
  Amount     Percentage  

Revenue

     23,475,567       24,336,571       (861,004     (3.5 )% 

Cost of sales

     21,607,240       21,251,305       355,935       1.7

Gross profit

     1,868,327       3,085,266       (1,216,939     (39.4 )% 

Cost of sales as a percentage of sales

     92.0     87.3     4.7     —  

 

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  (b)

Sales by category

Revenue attributable to sales of panels exhibited varying trends by product category according to changes in product mix, customers and market conditions.

 

Categories

   2019     2018     Difference  

Panels for televisions

     34.1     40.0     (5.9 )% 

Panels for desktop monitors

     17.2     16.6     0.6

Panels for notebook computers

     11.9     11.7     0.2

Panels for tablet computers

     9.6     8.2     1.4

Panels for mobile applications and others

     27.2     23.5     3.7

 

  (c)

Production capacity

Our annual production capacity increased by approximately 13% in 2019 compared to 2018, in large part due to increased efficiency in productivity with respect to our large-sized OLED panels.

 

  (2)

Financial condition

Our current assets amounted to W10,248 billion as of December 31, 2019, representing an increase of W1,448 billion from the end of the previous year, and our non-current assets amounted to W25,326 billion as of December 31, 2019, representing an increase of W951 billion from the end of the previous year. Our current liabilities amounted to W10,985 billion as of December 31, 2019, representing an increase of W1,030 billion from the end of the previous year, and our non-current liabilities amounted to W12,101 billion as of December 31, 2019, representing an increase of W3,766 billion from the end of the previous year. Our total equity decreased by W2,398 billion to W12,488 billion as of December 31, 2019 from the end of the previous year, which mainly reflected the net loss for the period.

(Unit: In millions of Won)

 

Description

   2019      2018      Changes  
   Amount      Percentage  

Current assets

     10,248,315        8,800,127        1,448,188        16.5

Non-current assets

     25,326,247        24,375,583        950,664        3.9

Total assets

     35,574,562        33,175,710        2,398,852        7.2

Current liabilities

     10,984,976        9,954,483        1,030,493        10.4

Non-current liabilities

     12,101,306        8,334,981        3,766,325        45.2

Total liabilities

     23,086,282        18,289,464        4,796,818        26.2

Share capital

     1,789,079        1,789,079        —          0.0

Share premium

     2,251,113        2,251,113        —          0.0

Retained earnings

     7,503,311        10,239,965        (2,736,654      (26.7 )% 

Reserves

     (203,021      (300,968      97,947        (32.5 )% 

Non-controlling interest

     1,147,798        907,057        240,741        26.5

Total equity

     12,488,280        14,886,246        (2,397,966      (16.1 )% 

Total liabilities and equity

     35,574,562        33,175,710        2,398,852        7.2

Due in part to the steady sales in inventory during the fourth quarter of 2019 and the re-adjustment of our product mix in light of an expected decrease in demand during the first half of 2020, our inventory decreased by W640 billion from the end of the previous year to W2,051 billion as of December 31, 2019.

 

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Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2019 was W3,154 billion, representing an increase of W325 billion from net trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2018, mostly reflecting a decrease in sale of our trade accounts and notes receivable and increase in foreign exchange rates as of December 31, 2019.

The book value of our total tangible assets as of December 31, 2019 was W2,209 billion, representing an increase of W488 billion from the book value of our total tangible assets as of December 31, 2018. The increase was due to our continued investment in increasing our production capacity and effects of increases in foreign exchange rates, which outpaced the negative effect of depreciation of our production facilities.

Trade accounts and notes payable as of December 31, 2019 was W2,618 billion, representing a decrease of W469 billion from trade accounts and notes payable as of December 31, 2018, and our other accounts payable increased to W4,397 billion as of December 31, 2019.

 

  (3)

Dependence on Key Customers

We sell our products to a select group of key customers, including our largest shareholder, and any significant decrease in their order levels will negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

A substantial portion of our sales is attributable to a limited group of end-brand customers and their designated system integrators. Sales attributed to our end-brand customers are for their end-brand products and do not include sales to these customers for their system integration activities for other end-brand products, if any. Our top ten end-brand customers, including LG Electronics Inc., our largest shareholder, together accounted for approximately 81% of our sales in 2017, 77% in 2018 and 80% in 2019.

We benefit from the strong collaborative relationships we maintain with our end-brand customers by participating in the development of their products and gaining insights about levels of future demand for our products and other industry trends. Customers look to us for a dependable supply of quality products, even during downturns in the industry, and we benefit from the brand recognition of our customers’ end products. The loss of these end-brand customers, as a result of their entering into strategic supplier arrangements with our competitors or otherwise, would thus result not only in reduced sales, but also in the loss of these benefits. We cannot provide assurance that a select group of key end-brand customers, including our largest shareholder, will continue to place orders with us in the future at the same levels as in prior periods, or at all.

We expect that we will continue to be dependent upon LG Electronics and its affiliates for a significant portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Our results of operations and financial condition could therefore be affected by the overall performance of LG Electronics and its affiliates. Further details of our transactions with LG Electronics and its affiliates are described in Note 29 to our consolidated annual financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, which were furnished on March 11, 2020 as part of the current report on Form 6-K titled “Submission of Audit Report.”

Our revenue depends on continuing demand for televisions, notebook computers, desktop monitors, tablet computers and mobile and other application products with panels of the type we produce. Our sales may not grow at the rate we expect if consumers do not purchase these products.

Currently, our total sales are derived principally from customers who use our products in televisions, notebook computers, desktop monitors, tablet computers and mobile and other application products with display devices. In particular, a substantial percentage of our sales is derived from end-brand customers, or their designated system integrators, who use our panels in their televisions, which accounted for 42.2%, 40.0% and 34.1% of our total revenue in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. A substantial portion of our sales is also derived from end-brand customers, or their designated system integrators, who use our panels in their notebook computers, which accounted for 8.1%, 11.7% and 11.9% of our total revenue in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, those who use our panels in their desktop monitors, which accounted for 15.8%, 16.6% and 17.2% of our total revenue in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, those who use our panels in their tablet computers, which accounted for 8.5%, 8.2% and 9.6% of our total revenue in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and those who use our panels in their mobile and other applications, which accounted for 25.4%, 23.5% and 27.2% of our total revenue in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Although the degree to which our total sales are dependent on sales of television panels has fluctuated in recent years, television panels remain our largest product category in terms of revenue and we will therefore continue to be dependent on continuing demand from the television industry. In addition, we will continue to be dependent on continuing demand from the personal computer industry, the tablet computer industry and the mobile device industry for a substantial portion of our sales. Any downturn in any of those industries in which our customers operate would result in reduced demand for our products, which may in turn result in reduced revenue, lower average selling prices and/or reduced margins.

 

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  (4)

Changes in Manufacturing Costs and Difficulties in Securing Supply of Raw Material

If we cannot maintain high capacity utilization rates, our profitability will be adversely affected.

The production of display panels entails high fixed costs resulting from considerable expenditures for the construction of complex fabrication and assembly facilities and the purchase of costly equipment. We aim to maintain high capacity utilization rates so that we can allocate these fixed costs over a greater number of panels produced and realize a higher gross margin. However, due to any number of reasons, including fluctuating demand for our products or overcapacity in the display industry, we may need to reduce production, resulting in lower-than-optimal capacity utilization rates. As such, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to sustain our capacity utilization rates in the future nor can we provide assurance that we will not reduce our utilization rates in the future as market and industry conditions change.

Limited availability of raw materials, components and manufacturing equipment could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our production operations depend on obtaining adequate supplies of quality raw materials and components on a timely basis. As a result, it is important for us to control our raw material and component costs and reduce the effects of fluctuations in price and availability. In general, we source most of our raw materials as well as key components, such as glass substrates, driver integrated circuits, polarizers and color filters used in both our TFT-LCD and OLED products, backlight units and liquid crystal materials used in our TFT-LCD products and hole transport materials and emission materials used in our OLED products, from two or more suppliers for each key component. However, we may establish a working relationship with a single supplier if we believe it is advantageous to do so due to performance, quality, support, delivery, capacity, price or other considerations. We may experience shortages in the supply of these key components, as well as other components or raw materials, as a result of, among other things, anticipated capacity expansion in the display industry or our dependence on a limited number of suppliers. Our results of operations would be adversely affected if we were unable to obtain adequate supplies of high-quality raw materials or components in a timely manner or make alternative arrangements for such supplies in a timely manner.

Furthermore, we may be limited in our ability to pass on increases in the cost of raw materials and components to our customers. We do not typically enter into binding long-term contracts with our customers, and even in those cases where we do enter into long-term agreements with certain of our major end-brand customers, the price terms are contained in the purchase orders. Except under certain special circumstances, the price terms in the purchase orders are not subject to change. Prices for our products are generally determined through negotiations with our customers, based generally on the complexity of the product specifications and the labor and technology involved in the design or production processes. However, if we become subject to any significant increase in the cost of raw materials or components that were not anticipated when negotiating the price terms after the purchase orders have been placed, we may be unable to pass on such cost increases to our customers.

We have purchased, and expect to purchase, a substantial portion of our equipment from a limited number of qualified foreign and local suppliers. From time to time, increased demand for new equipment may cause lead times to extend beyond those normally required by the equipment vendors. The unavailability of equipment, delays in the delivery of equipment, or the delivery of equipment that does not meet our specifications, could delay implementation of our expansion plans and impair our ability to meet customer orders. This could result in a loss of revenue and cause financial stress on our operations.

 

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  (5)

Intangible Assets, Including Intellectual Property, and Research and Development Activities

Our business relies on our patent rights which may be narrowed in scope or found to be invalid or otherwise unenforceable.

Our success will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to obtain and enforce our patent rights both in Korea and worldwide. The coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before a patent is issued, either in Korea or abroad. Consequently, we cannot provide assurance that any of our pending or future patent applications will result in the issuance of patents. Patents issued to us may be subjected to further proceedings limiting their scope and may not provide significant proprietary protection or competitive advantage. Our patents also may be challenged, circumvented, invalidated or deemed unenforceable. In addition, because patent applications in certain countries generally are not published until more than 18 months after they are first filed, and because publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were, or any of our licensors was, the first creator of inventions covered by pending patent applications, that we or any of our licensors will be entitled to any rights in purported inventions claimed in pending or future patent applications, or that we were, or any of our licensors was, the first to file patent applications on such inventions.

Furthermore, pending patent applications or patents already issued to us or our licensors may become subject to dispute, and any dispute could be resolved against us. For example, we may become involved in re-examination, reissue or interference proceedings and the result of these proceedings could be the invalidation or substantial narrowing of our patent claims. We also could be subject to court proceedings that could find our patents invalid or unenforceable or could substantially narrow the scope of our patent claims. In addition, depending on the jurisdiction, statutory differences in patentable subject matter may limit the protection we can obtain on some of our inventions.

Failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our competitiveness and harm our business and future prospects.

We believe that developing new products and technologies that can be differentiated from those of our competitors is critical to the success of our business. We take active measures to obtain international protection of our intellectual property by obtaining patents and undertaking monitoring activities in our major markets. However, we cannot assure you that the measures we are taking will effectively deter competitors from improper use of our proprietary technologies. Our competitors may misappropriate our intellectual property, disputes as to ownership of intellectual property may arise and our intellectual property may otherwise become known or independently developed by our competitors.

Any failure to protect our intellectual property could impair our competitiveness and harm our business and future prospects.

We rely on technology provided by third parties and our business will suffer if we are unable to renew our licensing arrangements with them.

From time to time, we have obtained licenses for patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to process and device technologies used in the production of our display panels. We have entered into key licensing arrangements with third parties, for which we have made, and continue to make, periodic license fee payments. In addition, we also have cross-license agreements with certain other third parties. These agreements terminate upon the expiration of the respective terms of the patents.

If we are unable to renew our technology licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, we may lose the legal protection to use certain of the processes we employ to manufacture our products and be prohibited from using those processes, which may prevent us from manufacturing and selling certain of our products, including our key products. In addition, we could be at a disadvantage if our competitors obtain licenses for protected technologies on more favorable terms than we do.

 

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In the future, we may also need to obtain additional patent licenses for new or existing technologies. We cannot provide assurance that these license agreements can be obtained or renewed on acceptable terms or at all, and if not, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

We rely upon trade secrets and other unpatented proprietary know-how to maintain our competitive position in the display panel industry and any loss of our rights to, or unauthorized disclosure of, our trade secrets or other unpatented proprietary know-how could negatively affect our business.

We also rely upon trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how and information, as well as continuing technological innovation in our business. The information we rely upon includes price forecasts, core technology and key customer information. We enter into confidentiality agreements with each of our employees and consultants upon the commencement of an employment or consulting relationship. These agreements generally provide that all inventions, ideas, discoveries, improvements and copyrightable material made or conceived by the individual arising out of the employment or consulting relationship and all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the term of the relationship is our exclusive property. We cannot provide assurance that these types of agreements will be fully enforceable, or that they will not be breached. We also cannot be certain that we will have adequate remedies for any such breach. The disclosure of our trade secrets or other know-how as a result of such a breach could adversely affect our business. Also, our competitors may come to know about or determine our trade secrets and other proprietary information through a variety of methods. Disputes may arise concerning the ownership of intellectual property or the applicability or enforceability of our confidentiality agreements, and there can be no assurance that any such disputes would be resolved in our favor. Furthermore, others may acquire or independently develop similar technology, or if patents are not issued with respect to technologies arising from our research, we may not be able to maintain information pertinent to such research as proprietary technology or trade secrets and that could have an adverse effect on our competitive position within the display panel industry.

We have designated R&D organizations for our research and development activities.

Our research organization consists of the infrastructure technology research center, display research center and designated departments, all of which are overseen by our chief technology officer. The research centers conduct research on differentiated and next-generation technologies and basic infrastructure technology, while our designated departments enhance our competitiveness by conducting research that is geared toward future product development. Our development organization comprises of departments and centers dedicated to the development of a wide range of television, information technology and mobile products, including product-specific circuits, instrument/optics and panel design.

Our research and development related expenditures amounted to W1,776 billion in 2019, an increase of W19 billion from 2018. This increase is mainly due to the additional research and development activities in new products and technologies for large-sized OLED and plastic OLED panels, for which we expect to continue investing in the future.

The book value of our intangible assets decreased by W114 billion in 2019 compared to the previous year.

 

  (6)

Sensitivity to Exchange Rates and Inflation

There has been considerable volatility in foreign exchange rates in recent years, including rates between the Korean Won and the U.S. dollar and between the Korean Won and the Japanese Yen. To the extent that we incur costs in one currency and make sales in another, our profit margins may be affected by changes in the exchange rates between the two currencies.

 

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Our sales of display panels are denominated mainly in U.S. dollars, whereas our purchases of raw materials are denominated mainly in U.S. dollars and Japanese Yen. The largest proportion of our expenditures on capital equipment are denominated in U.S. dollars and Chinese Yuan. Accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates, in particular between the U.S. dollar and the Korean Won, between the Chinese Yuan and the Korean Won as well as between the Japanese Yen and the Korean Won, affect our pre-tax income, and in recent years, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar, Chinese Yuan and Japanese Yen has fluctuated widely. Although a depreciation of the Korean Won against the U.S. dollar increases the Korean Won value of our export sales and enhances the price-competitiveness of our products in foreign markets in U.S. dollar terms, it also increases the cost of imported raw materials and components in Korean Won terms and our cost in Korean Won of servicing our U.S. dollar denominated debt. A depreciation of the Korean Won against the Chinese Yuan or Japanese Yen increases the Korean Won cost of our Chinese Yuan- or Japanese Yen-denominated purchases of equipment, raw materials or components, as applicable, and, to the extent we have any debt denominated in Chinese Yuan or Japanese Yen, our cost in Korean Won of servicing such debt, but has relatively little impact on our sales as most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. In addition, continued exchange rate volatility may also result in foreign exchange losses for us. Although a depreciation of the Korean Won against the U.S. dollar, in general, has a net positive impact on our results of operations that more than offsets the net negative impact caused by a depreciation of the Korean Won against the Chinese Yuan or Japanese Yen, we cannot provide assurance that the exchange rate of the Korean Won against foreign currencies will not be subject to significant fluctuations, or that the impact of such fluctuations will not adversely affect the results of our operations.

 

  (7)

Impairment of Assets

The carrying amounts of our non-financial assets, other than assets arising from employee benefits, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. We conduct such impairment review every year.

Due to the commencement of mass production of plastic OLED products in a new independent facility and our decision to discontinue our lighting business given the changes in its business environment, we recognized plastic OLED business and lighting business as separate cash generating units in 2019.

As a result of the determination to discontinue our lighting business and the signs of impairment due to negative developments in the business environment of our plastic OLED business, we tested for impairment of related assets for these cash generating units. The recoverable amount of each cash generating unit was estimated based on its value-in-use, which in turn was calculated based on the pre-tax cash flow estimates in accordance with a five-year business plan approved by our management. Estimates of sales revenue, which reflected outside information and our prior experiences, were incorporated into the applicable period of the cash flow estimates, and our management determined the pre-tax cash flow estimates on the basis of our prior results of operations and its assessment of the expected market growth.

In 2019, the impairment losses on our non-financial assets, which were recognized as other non-operating expenses, include the following:

 

Description

   2019  
   Lighting
(in millions
of Won)
     Plastic OLED
(in millions
of Won)
 

Property, plant and equipment

     121,921        1,369,371  

Intangible assets

     105,344        26,284  

Other assets

     3,602        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     230,867        1,395,655  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (8)

Changes in Organization and Business Reorganization

In order to secure the fundamental competitiveness of our businesses and to seek sustainable growth, we are accelerating the transition of our business focus to the OLED business, while simultaneously pursuing activities to restructure our LCD business. While we have implemented certain organizational changes and a voluntary retirement program in connection with such pursuit, our restructuring processes are being pursued from the perspective of constructing the most competitive corporate and business structures rather than simply reducing costs or the size of workforce. As such, we are working towards the goal to meaningfully improve our results of operations by strengthening the competitiveness of our LCD business through focusing on our ability to offer differentiated products and expanding our OLED business to markets that can utilize the inherent value of such products.

 

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  D.

Liquidity and capital resources

 

  (1)

Liquidity

Our main source for the procurement of funds include operations and financing activities. As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, our cash and cash equivalents amounted to W2,365 billion and W3,336 billion, respectively, and short-term deposits in banks amounted to W78 billion and W79 billion, respectively. Our primary use of cash has been to fund capital expenditures related to the expansion and improvement of our production capacity with respect to existing and newly developed products, including the construction and ramping-up of new, or in certain cases, expansion or conversion of existing, fabrication facilities and production lines and the acquisition of new equipment. We also use cash flows from operations for our working capital requirements and servicing our debt payments. We expect our cash requirements for 2020 to be primarily for capital expenditures and repayment of maturing debt.

The details of the consolidated cash and cash equivalents, deposits in banks and other financial assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 are as follows:

(Unit: in millions of won)

 

Description

   2019      2018  

Current assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

     

Demand deposits

     3,336,003        2,365,022  

Deposits in banks

     

Time deposits

     1,500        4,318  

Restricted cash (1)

     77,257        74,082  

Derivative assets (2)

     34,036        13,059  

Government bonds

     6        106  

Deposits

     9,585        17,020  

Short-term loans

     21,623        16,116  

Lease receivables

     5,695        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

     3,485,705        2,489,723  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Deposits in banks

     

Restricted cash (1)

     11        11  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     —          —    

Equity securities

     9,879        13,681  

Convertible bonds

     1,544        1,327  

Derivative assets (2)

     15,640        —    

Government bonds

     70        55  

Deposits

     21,451        74,103  

Long-term loans

     40,827        55,048  

Lease receivables

     22,099        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

     111,521        144,225  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     3,597,226        2,633,948  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

Restricted cash includes mutual growth fund to aid LG Group’s suppliers, pledge to enforce investment plans following receipt of subsidies from Gumi city and Gyeongsangbuk-do and others.

(2)

Represents derivatives that have not been recognized as hedging instruments, which have resulted from currency interest rate swap contracts related to foreign currency denominated borrowings and foreign currency denominated bonds.

 

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(Unit: in millions of won)

 

Description

   2019      2018      Changes  
   Amount      Percentage  

Current assets

     10,248,315        8,800,127        1,448,188        16.5

Current liabilities

     10,984,976        9,954,483        1,030,493        10.4

Net current assets

     (736,661      (1,154,356      417,695        36.2

As of December 31, 2018, our current assets and current liabilities amounted to W8,800 billion and W9,954 billion, respectively, resulting in net current liabilities of W1,154 billion. As of December 31, 2019, our current assets and current liabilities amounted to W10,248 billion and W10,985 billion, respectively, resulting in net current liabilities of W737 billion.

 

  (2)

Financial liabilities and capital resources

We need to observe certain financial and other covenants under the terms of our debt obligations, the failure to comply with which would put us in default under such debt obligations.

We are subject to financial and other covenants, including maintenance of credit ratings and debt-to-equity ratios, under certain of our debt obligations. The documentation for such debt also contains negative pledge provisions limiting our ability to provide liens on our assets as well as cross-default and cross-acceleration clauses, which give related creditors the right to accelerate the amounts due under such debt if an event of default or acceleration has occurred with respect to our existing or future indebtedness, or if any material part of our indebtedness or indebtedness of our subsidiaries is capable of being declared payable before the stated maturity date. In addition, such covenants restrict our ability to raise future debt financing.

If we breach the financial or other covenants contained in the documentation governing our debt obligations, our financial condition will be adversely affected to the extent we are not able to cure such breaches, obtain a waiver from the relevant lenders or debtholders or repay the relevant debt.

As of December 31, 2019, we had agreements with several banks for accounts receivable sales negotiating facilities of up to an aggregate of USD 1,360 million in connection with our export sales transactions, and our subsidiaries also have various such arrangements.

As of December 31, 2018, no short-term borrowings were outstanding. As of December 31, 2019, W697 billion of short-term borrowings were outstanding.

As of December 31, 2019, our long-term borrowings, including the current portion of long-term debt and the discount on bonds, amounted to W12,784 billion, which mainly consist of bonds denominated in Won of W3,151 billion, long-term debt denominated in foreign currencies of W6,302 billion and long-term debt denominated in Won of W3,331 billion.

Some of our long-term borrowings may include covenants with acceleration rights. If an event of default occurs from failure to comply with the agreed financial ratios or cross-default occurs as a result of a breach of other debt obligations, the principal amount and interest may be subject to early repayment. As of December 31, 2019, we have complied with applicable financial and other covenants contained in the documentation governing our debt obligations.

 

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Our financial liabilities and capital resources are as follows:

 

  (a)

Financial liabilities

Our financial liabilities amounted to W13,590 billion in 2019, representing an increase of W5,006 billion from 2018.

(Unit: in millions of won)

 

Description

   2019      2018  

Current financial liabilities

 

Short-term borrowings

     696,793        —    

Current portion of long-term borrowings

     1,242,904        1,553,907  

Lease liabilities

     37,387        —    

Sub-total

     1,977,084        1,553,907  

Non-current financial liabilities

 

Won denominated borrowings

     2,692,560        2,700,608  

Foreign currency denominated borrowings

     6,107,117        2,531,663  

Bonds

     2,741,516        1,772,599  

Derivatives(*)

     20,592        25,758  

Lease liabilities

     51,125        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sub-total

     11,612,910        7,030,628  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     13,589,994        8,584,535  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents derivatives that have not been recognized as hedging instruments and have resulted from currency interest rate swap contracts entered into in order to manage risks arising from foreign currency denominated borrowings and foreign currency denominated bonds.

 

  (b)

Capital resources

Set forth below are the details of our procurement of funds as of December 31, 2019.

(Unit: In millions of Won or millions of other currency)

 

Categories

  

Interest rate as of December 31, 2019 (%)

   2019     2018  

Short-term borrowings

   12-month LIBOR + 0.78~0.88      347,340       —    
   3-month LIBOR + 0.80~0.90      61,613       —    
  

PBOC(*) * 1.05

PBOC(*) – 0.05

    

287,840 (US$353,

CNY1,737

 

    —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Subtotal      696,793       —    
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term borrowings denominated in Won

   2.75      608       1,259  
  

CD(**) interest rate (91 days) + 1.00~1.39,

2.21~3.25

     3,330,000       2,850,000  
   Less: current portion      (638,048     (150,651
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Subtotal      2,692,560       2,700,608  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term borrowings denominated in foreign currencies

  

3-month LIBOR + 0.75~1.70 /

6-month LIBOR + 1.25~1.35

     1,696,177       955,975  
  

US$: 3-month LIBOR +

0.80~1.43 / CNY: PBOC *

(0.95~1.05)

    

4,606,094
(US$2,767,

CNY18,699

 
 

   

2,419,286
(US$2,262,

CNY5,198

 
 

   Less: current portion      (195,154     (843,598
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Subtotal      6,107,117       2,531,663  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Categories

  

Interest rate as of December 31, 2019 (%)

   2019     2018  

Bonds denominated in Won

   1.95~2.95      1,730,000       1,900,000  
   3.25~4.25      110,000       110,000  
   Less: original issue discount      (3,404     (3,949
   Less: current portion      (409,702     (559,658
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Subtotal      1,426,894       1,446,393  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Bonds denominated in foreign currencies

   3.88     
347,340
(US$300
 
   
335,430
(US$300
 
   3-month LIBOR + 1.47     
115,780
(US$100
 
     
   Less: original issue discount      (6,883     (9,224
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Subtotal      456,237       326,206  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

(Foreign currency convertible bonds)

   1.50     
858,385
(US$741
 
     
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

        2,741,516       1,772,599  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

(*) Represents the People’s Bank of China’s base rate.

(**) Represents certificates of deposit.

Set forth below are the details of our convertible bonds as of December 31, 2019.

 

Categories

  

Content

Type of bond

   Registered unsecured foreign currency-denominated convertible bonds

Issue amount

   US$687,800,000

Annual interest rate (%)

   1.50

Issue date

   August 22, 2019

Maturity date

   August 22, 2024

Interest payment

   Payable semi-annually in arrear until maturity date in equal installments

Principal redemption

  

1. Redemption at maturity:

 

Redeemed on the maturity date, at their outstanding principal amount, which has not been redeemed early or converted

 

2. Early redemption:

 

Payment of the principal and interest accrued up to the expected repayment date upon the exercise of the company’s call option or the bondholder’s put option

Conversion price

   W19,845 per common share (subject to adjustment based on dilutive effects of certain events)

Conversion period

   August 23, 2020 ~ August 12, 2024

Redemption at the option of the issuer (Call option)

  

—  On or at any time after three years from the issue date, if the closing price of our common shares for any 20 trading days out of the 30 consecutive trading days is at least 130% of the applicable conversion price;

 

—  The aggregate principal amount of the convertible bonds outstanding is less than 10% of the aggregate principal amount originally issued; or

 

—  In the event of certain changes in laws and other directives resulting in additional taxes

Redemption at the option of the bondholders (Put option)

  

—  On the date which is three years from the issue date

 

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We designated the convertible bonds as financial liabilities at fair value through profit of loss and recognized the change in its fair value in our income statement. We measure the fair value of the convertible bonds using the market price of convertible bonds disclosed on Bloomberg. Set forth below is certain information regarding our common shares subject to conversion under the terms of the convertible bonds as of December 31, 2019:

 

Categories

  

2019

Aggregate outstanding amount of the convertible bonds

  

W813,426,670,000

Conversion price

  

W19,845

Number of common shares subject to conversion

  

40,988,998 shares

Set forth below are the cash flows on our borrowings by maturity.

(Unit: In millions of Won or millions of other currency)

 

Categories

   Book value      Contractual cash flows  
   Total      Within 6
months
     6~12
months
     1~2 years      2~5 years      Over 5
years
 

Borrowings

     10,329,671        11,514,568        1,174,941        723,363        2,173,444        6,471,876        970,944  

Bonds

     3,151,218        3,306,729        297,649        184,878        908,281        1,780,014        135,907  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     13,480,889        14,821,297        1,472,590        908,241        3,081,725        8,251,890        1,106,851  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (3)

Cash usage

Our management constantly monitors our working capital, and we have historically been able to satisfy our cash requirements from cash flows from operations and debt financing. Although we had a working capital deficit as of December 31, 2019, we believe that we have sufficient working capital for our present requirements.

Our ability to satisfy our cash requirements from cash flows from operations and financing activities will be affected by our ability to maintain and improve our margins and, in the case of external financing, market conditions, which in turn may be affected by several factors outside of our control. Therefore, we re-evaluate our capital requirements regularly in light of our cash flows from operations, the progress of our expansion plans and market conditions. To the extent that we do not generate sufficient cash flows from our operations to meet our capital requirements, we may rely on other financing activities, such as external long-term borrowings and securities offerings, including the issuance of equity, equity-linked and other debt securities.

Our net cash from operating activities amounted to W4,484 billion in 2018 and W2,707 billion in 2019. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in 2019 compared to 2018 was mainly due to changes in net profit.

Our net cash used in investing activities amounted to W7,675 billion in 2018 and W6,755 billion in 2019. Net cash used in investing activities primarily reflected the expansion and conversion of our existing production facilities and construction of our new facilities centered on OLED products. These cash outflows from capital expenditures amounted to W7,942 billion in 2018 and W6,927 billion in 2019. We intend to fund our capital requirements associated with our expansion and construction projects with cash flows from operations and financing activities, such as external long-term borrowings.

We currently expect that, in 2020, our total capital expenditures on a cash out basis will be lower compared to 2019 and will be used primarily to continue to fund our previously announced investments related to facilities for OLED panels. However, our overall expenditure levels and our allocation among projects are subject to many uncertainties. We review the amount of our capital expenditures and may make adjustments from time to time based on cash flows from operations, the progress of our expansion plans and market conditions.

Our net cash provided by financing activities amounted to W2,953 billion in 2018 and W4,988 billion in 2019. The net cash provided by financing activities in 2018 and 2019 reflect primarily an increase in long-term borrowings.

 

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(Unit: In millions of Won)

 

Description

   2019      2018      Changes  

Net cash provided by operating activities

     2,706,545        4,484,123        (1,777,578

Net cash used in investing activities

     (6,755,393      (7,675,339      919,946  

Net cash provided by financing activities

     4,987,902        2,952,919        2,034,983  

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31,

     3,336,003        2,365,022        970,981  

 

16.

Board of Directors

 

  A.

Members of the board of directors

As of the date of this report, our board of directors consisted of two non-outside directors, one non-standing director and four outside directors.

(As of the date of this report)

 

Name

  

Position

  

Primary responsibility

James (Hoyoung) Jeong(1)    Representative Director (non-outside), Chief Executive Officer and President   

Overall head of business management

Donghee Suh(2)    Director (non-outside), Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President   

Overall head of finances

Young-Soo Kwon    Director (non-standing)   

Chairman of the board of directors

Sung-Sik Hwang    Outside Director   

Related to the overall management

Kun Tai Han    Outside Director   

Related to the overall management

Byung Ho Lee    Outside Director   

Related to the overall management

Chang-Yang Lee    Outside Director   

Related to the overall management

 

(1)

James (Hoyoung) Jeong was newly appointed as a non-outside director at the annual general meeting of shareholders and as the representative director at the board of directors’ meeting, both held on March 20, 2020.

(2)

Donghee Suh was reappointed for another term as a non-outside director at the annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 20, 2020.

 

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  B.

Committees of the board of directors

We have the following committees that serve under our board of directors: Audit Committee, Outside Director Nomination Committee and Management Committee. The Management Committee consists of two non-outside directors, James (Hoyoung) Jeong and Donghee Suh.

As of March 20, 2020, the composition of the Outside Director Nomination Committee was as follows.

(As of March 20, 2020)

 

Committee

  

Composition

  

Member

Outside Director Nomination Committee(1)

   1 non-standing director and 2 outside directors    Young-Soo Kwon, Kun Tai Han, Chang-Yang Lee

 

(1)

Each of Young-Soo Kwon, Kun Tai Han, Chang-Yang Lee was appointed as a member of the outside director nomination committee of the board of directors at the board of directors’ meeting on March 20, 2020.

As of the date of this report, the composition of the Audit Committee was as follows.

(As of the date of this report)

 

Committee

  

Composition

  

Member

Audit Committee

   3 outside directors    Sung-Sik Hwang(1), Kun Tai Han, Chang-Yang Lee(2)

 

(1)

Sung-Sik Hwang is the audit committee chairman.

(2)

Chang-Yang Lee was newly appointed as an audit committee member at the annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 15, 2019.

 

  C.

Independence of directors

Directors are appointed in accordance with the procedures of the Commercial Act and other relevant laws and regulations. Our board of directors is independent as four out of the seven directors that comprise the board are outside directors. Outside directors candidates are nominated for appointment at a shareholders’ meeting after undergoing rigorous review by the Outside Director Nomination Committee.

All of our current outside directors were nominated by the Outside Director Nomination Committee, and all of our current non-outside directors were nominated by the board of directors.

 

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17.

Information Regarding Shares

 

  A.

Total number of shares

 

  (1)

Total number of shares authorized to be issued (as of December 31, 2019): 500,000,000 shares.

 

  (2)

Total shares issued and outstanding (as of December 31, 2019): 357,815,700 shares.

 

  B.

Shareholder list

 

  (1)

Largest shareholder and related parties as of December 31, 2019:

 

Name

  

Relationship

   Number of shares
of common stock
     Equity
interest
 

LG Electronics

   Largest shareholder      135,625,000        37.9

Sang Beom Han

   Officer of member company      54,000        0.0

Donghee Suh

   Officer of member company      5,000        0.0

 

  (2)

Shareholders who are known to us that own 5% or more of our shares as of December 31, 2019:

 

Beneficial owner

   Number of shares
of common stock
   Equity interest

LG Electronics

   135,625,000    37.90%

National Pension Service

   28,115,952    7.86%

 

18.

Directors and Employees

 

  A.

Directors

 

  (1)

Remuneration for directors in 2019:

(Unit: person, in millions of Won)

 

Classification

   No. of directors(1)      Amount paid(2)     Per capita average
remuneration paid(3)
 

Non-outside directors

     3        1,899       633  

Outside directors who are not audit committee members

     1        78       78  

Outside directors who are audit committee members

     3        241       80  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     7        2,218 (4)      317  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Number of directors as at December 31, 2019.

(2)

Amount paid is calculated on the basis of amount of cash actually paid.

(3)

Per capita average remuneration paid is calculated by dividing total amount paid by the average number of directors for the year ended December 31, 2019.

(4)

As Joon Park resigned as an outside director on March 14, 2019 and Chang Yang Lee was appointed as an outside director at the annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 15, 2019, the total amount paid includes remuneration paid to both Mr. Park and Mr. Lee.

 

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  (2)

Standards of remuneration paid to non-outside and outside directors

 

   

Non-outside directors (excluding outside directors and audit committee members)

The remuneration system for non-outside directors consists of base salary, position salary and performance-related pay. The remuneration for non-outside directors is measured in accordance with the standards established by the board of directors (within the amount approved at the annual general meeting of shareholders), including the non-outside director’s position and job responsibilities.

 

   

Standards for base salary/position salary: relevant position and job responsibilities, among others

 

   

Standards for performance-related pay: financial performance of the company and achievement of individual management goals, among others

 

   

Outside directors, audit committee members and auditor

The remuneration for outside directors, audit committee members and auditor is measured in accordance with the standards established by the board of directors (within the amount approved at the annual general meeting of shareholders), including the individual’s job responsibilities, among others.

 

  (3)

Remuneration for individual directors and audit committee members

 

   

Individual amount of remuneration paid in 2019

(Unit: in millions of Won)

 

Name

   Position    Total remuneration    Payment not included in
total remuneration

Sang Beom Han

   Former Chief Executive Officer    1,541    —  

 

   

Method of calculation

 

Name

  

Method of calculation

Sang Beom Han   

Total remuneration

 

•  W1,541 million.

 

Salary

 

•  Base salary is set in accordance with the executive compensation regulations established by the board of directors. Monthly payments of W70 million between January and March and W72 million between April and December were made.

 

•  Position salary is calculated based on the significance of the position and responsibilities of the job. Monthly payments of W56 million between January and March and W57 million between April and December were made.

 

•  A total of W4 million of welfare benefits were paid on an annual basis in accordance with welfare benefits standards.

 

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  (4)

Remuneration for the five highest paid individuals (among those paid over W500 million per year)

 

   

Individual remuneration amount

(Unit: in millions of Won)

 

Name

   Position    Total remuneration      Payment not included in
total remuneration
 
Sang Beom Han    Former Chief Executive Officer      1,541        —    
Yong Kee Hwang    Senior Advisor      3,079        —    
Yu Seoung Yin    Advisor      1,826        —    
Soo Youle Cha    Advisor      1,793        —    
Yong Bum Kim    Former Vice President      753        —    

 

   

Method of calculation

 

Name

  

Method of calculation

Sang Beom Han   

Total remuneration

 

•  W1,541 million.

 

Salary

 

•  Base salary is set in accordance with the executive compensation regulations established by the board of directors. Monthly payments of W70 million between January and March and W72 million between April and December were made.

 

•  Position salary is calculated based on the significance of the position and responsibilities of the job. Monthly payments of W56 million between January and March and W57 million between April and December were made.

 

•  A total of W4 million of welfare benefits were paid on an annual basis in accordance with welfare benefits standards.

 

Yong Kee Hwang(1)   

Total remuneration

 

•  W3,079 million (consisting of W624 million in salary and W2,455 million in retirement pay).

 

Salary

 

•  Base salary is set in accordance with the executive compensation regulations established by the board of directors. Monthly payments of W59 million between January and March and W47 million between April and December were made.

 

•  A total of W20 million of welfare benefits were paid on an annual basis in accordance with welfare benefits standards.

 

Retirement pay

 

•  Retirement pay is calculated in accordance with the applicable provisions of our regulations on compensation for retiring executives and is evaluated by the duration of employment (14 years), monthly base salary at the time of retirement and payment rate per position (2.5 to 4.5%).

 

 

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Yu Seoung Yin(1)   

Total remuneration

 

•  W1,826 million (consisting of W277 million in salary and W1,549 million in retirement pay).

 

Salary

 

•  Base salary is set in accordance with the executive compensation regulations established by the board of directors. Monthly payments of W34 million between January and March and W17 million between April and December were made.

 

•  A total of W26 million of welfare benefits were paid on an annual basis in accordance with welfare benefits standards.

 

Retirement pay

 

•  Retirement pay is calculated in accordance with the applicable provisions of our regulations on compensation for retiring executives and is evaluated by the duration of employment (16 years), monthly base salary at the time of retirement and payment rate per position (2.5 to 4.5%).

 

Soo Youle Cha(1)   

Total remuneration

 

•  W1,793 million (consisting of W344 million in salary and W1,449 million in retirement pay).

Salary

 

•  Base salary is set in accordance with the executive compensation regulations established by the board of directors. Monthly payments of W34 million between January and March and W27 million between April and December were made.

 

•  A total of W3 million of welfare benefits were paid on an annual basis in accordance with regulations of other welfare benefits.

 

Retirement pay

 

•  Retirement pay is calculated in accordance with the applicable provisions of our regulations on compensation for retiring executives and is evaluated by the duration of employment (15 years), monthly base salary at the time of retirement and payment rate per position (2.5 to 4.5%).

 

 

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Yong Bum Kim(2)   

Total remuneration

 

•  W753 million (consisting of W211 million in salary, W115 million in other earned income and W427 million in retirement pay).

 

Salary

 

•  Base salary is set in accordance with the executive compensation regulations established by the board of directors. Monthly payments of W22 million between January and March and W22.5 million between April and August were made.

 

•  Position salary is calculated based on the significance of the position and responsibilities of the job. Monthly payments of W3 million between January and August were made.

 

•  A total of W10 million of welfare benefits were paid on an annual basis in accordance with welfare benefits standards.

 

Other earned income

 

•  A total of W115 million in excess was paid for the year in accordance with the retirement pay limit.

 

Retirement pay

 

•  Retirement pay is calculated in accordance with the applicable provisions of our regulations on compensation for retiring executives and is evaluated by the duration of employment (4 years), monthly base salary at the time of retirement and payment rate per position (2.5 to 4.5%).

 

(1)

Mssrs. Yong Kee Hwang, Yu Seoung Yin and Soo Youle Cha are former officers who retired from our company effective as of March 31, 2019.

(2)

Yong Bum Kim is a former officer who retired from our company effective as of August 10, 2019.

 

  (5)

Stock options

Not applicable.

 

  B.

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, we had 26,665 employees (excluding our directors). On average, our male employees have served 10.9 years and our female employees have served 8.9 years. The total amount of salary paid to our employees for the year ended December 31, 2019 based on income tax statements submitted to the Korean tax authority in accordance with Article 20 of the Income Tax Act was W1,683,311 million for our male employees and W292,400 million for our female employees. The following table provides details of our employees as of December 31, 2019:

(Unit: person, in millions of Won, year)

 

     Number of
employees(1)
     Total salary
in 2019(2)(3)(4)
     Average
salary per
capita(5)
     Average
years of
service
 

Male

     22,362        1,683,311        72        10.9  

Female

     4,270        292,400        53        8.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     26,632        1,975,712        68        10.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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(1)

Includes part-time employees hired for temporary needs or to serve as temporary replacements for employees on parental leave.

(2)

Welfare benefits and retirement expenses have been excluded. Total welfare benefit provided to our employees for the year ended December 31, 2019 was W352,034 million and the per capita welfare benefit provided was W13.2 million.

(3)

Based on income tax statements, which are submitted to the Korean tax authority in accordance with Article 20 of the Income Tax Act.

(4)

Includes incentive payments to employees who have transferred from our affiliated companies.

(5)

Calculated using the cumulative salary and the average number of employees (male: 23,394, female: 5,479) for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In December 2017, we were audited by the Ministry of Employment and Labor regarding our human resource practices (including in relation to employment contracts, hours of work, outsourcing and employees in pregnancy), and we were found to be in violation of certain provisions of the Labor Standard Act relating to overtime, night and holiday work. As a result, we were issued a corrective order in January 2018 and paid additional overtime wages of W2,893 million to 16,106 administrative employees of our Paju facilities for their nighttime work between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. In addition, we reviewed nighttime work records of our administrative employees outside of our Paju facilities during the same period and paid additional overtime wages of W2,166 million to eligible employees. In order to prevent such violation from occurring again, we are periodically monitoring the nighttime work records of our employees.

From December 2017 to January 2018, we were audited by the Ministry of Employment and Labor regarding our human resource practices relating to temporary and part-time employees, and we were found to have omitted certain required information (including the number of break hours and vacation days) in the employment contracts of 82 temporary employees. As a result, we were assessed a fine of W27 million, which we subsequently paid. In order to prevent such violation from occurring again, we have amended the relevant provisions of the applicable employment contracts.

 

19.

Other Matters

 

  A.

Legal proceedings

We are a defendant in three separate civil lawsuits (comprising one damages claim in the United Kingdom filed by private plaintiffs, one damages claim in Israel filed by private plaintiffs and one unjust enrichment claim in the United States filed by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico) filed against us and certain other TFT-LCD panel manufacturers in connection with alleged anticompetitive behavior of the defendants. In each of these cases, the amount being sought has not been determined, and no trial has been scheduled. While the expected outcome of each of these cases is unclear, we do not believe that any of these cases would have a material effect on our financial conditions. In August 2019, we also settled a civil lawsuit that was filed against us and certain other TFT-LCD panel manufacturers in connection with alleged anticompetitive behavior of the defendants by certain plaintiffs in the United Kingdom.

We are also a defendant in two patent infringement lawsuits (one in the United States and the other in Germany) filed against us by Solas OLED Ltd. In each of these cases, the amount being sought has not been determined. A court hearing has been scheduled for each of these cases for May 2020. The expected outcome of each of these cases is currently unclear.

 

  B.

Material events subsequent to the reporting period

None.

 

  C.

Material change in management

At our annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 20, 2020, Mr. Sang Beom Han resigned as a non-outside director, Mr. James (Hoyoung) Jeong was newly appointed as a non-outside director and Donghee Suh was reappointed for another term as a non-outside director. At our meeting of the board of directors held on March 20, 2020, Mr. James (Hoyoung) Jeong was appointed as our Representative Director.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

 

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Independent Auditors’ Report

Based on a report originally issued in Korean

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

LG Display Co., Ltd.:

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of LG Display Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Group”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”).

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial statements in the Republic of Korea, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

 

(i)

Assessment of impairment of non-financial assets including goodwill

As discussed in Notes 3 (k), 9 and 10, Group’s non-financial assets, including goodwill amounts to W22,961,093 million as of December 31, 2019. Due to the significant changes in the Group’s business during 2019, the Group determined that a change in its cash generating units (“CGU”) is appropriate. As a result, the Group’s CGU was changed from a single CGU to three CGUs, namely Display, Display (AD PO) and Lighting, with goodwill allocated to Display and Lighting CGUs, respectively. For CGUs to which goodwill is allocated, the Group performs impairment test on an annual basis regardless of whether an indicator for impairment exists. For CGUs to which goodwill is not allocated, the Group performs impairment test when there is an indication of impairment. The recoverable amount used in impairment tests as of December 31, 2019 is value in use based on discounted cash flow model which uses the expected future cash flows including assumptions that involved a high degree of management judgment. In 2019, the Group recognized impairment losses of W1,395,655 million and W230,867 million for the Display (AD PO) CGU and Lighting CGU, respectively.

We identified the assessment of impairment of non-financial assets including goodwill as a key audit matter. Determination of change in CGUs as well as allocation of assets among different CGUs require management’s significant judgment. In addition, for the CGUs of Display and Display (AD PO), revenue and operating expense forecasts over the period which management projected, growth rates for subsequent years (“terminal growth rate”) and discount rate used to estimate value in use were challenging to test as minor changes to those assumptions would have a significant effect on the Group’s assessment whether goodwill and machinery and equipment were impaired.

 

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The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included:

 

   

We tested certain internal controls over the Group’s non-current assets impairment assessment process, including controls related to determination of cash generating units, and the development of revenue and operating expenses forecast, terminal growth rate and discount rate assumptions.

 

   

We evaluated the factors considered in the Group’s determination CGUs against supporting evidence.

 

   

We verified the accuracy of allocation of Group’s assets including corporate assets and goodwill to each CGU.

 

   

We compared the Group’s historical revenue forecasts to actual results to assess the Group’s ability to accurately forecast.

 

   

We evaluated the revenue forecasts and operating expense used to determine the value in use by comparison with the financial budgets approved by the board of directors.

 

   

We performed sensitivity analysis over the terminal growth rate and discount rate assumptions to assess their impact on the Group’s impairment assessment.

 

   

We involved our valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted us in evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model used by management, the discount rate by checking the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates, and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.

 

(ii)

Assessment of recoverability of deferred tax assets in Korea

As discussed in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements, the Group had W1,715,912 million of deferred tax assets and W549,056 million of unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2019, primarily related to Korea. The deferred tax assets arise primarily due to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as, unused tax losses and tax credit carryforwards. The assessment of the realizability of these deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income of the Group. Changes in assumptions regarding forecasted taxable income could have a significant impact on the amount of deferred tax assets recognized and unrecognized tax benefit.

We identified the assessment of the realizability of the deferred tax assets as a key audit matter because it involves high degree of subjective auditor judgment in assessing the significant assumptions and judgments that are reflected in estimating future taxable profits over the periods in which the above mentioned differences become deductible, or within the periods before the unused tax losses and tax credit forwards expire. This subjectivity is primarily driven by the Group’s assumptions in revenue and operating expense, which are used to estimate the forecasted taxable income in the future.

The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included:

 

   

We tested certain internal controls relating to the Group’s deferred tax assets realizability assessment process, including controls related to the development of assumptions in determining the forecasted taxable income for each year.

 

   

We evaluated the Group’s estimates of revenue and operating expense, by comparing them with the financial budgets approved by the board of directors and historical performance.

 

   

We compared the forecasts of taxable income and timing of utilization of deferred tax assets in prior year to actual results to assess the Group’s ability to accurately forecast.

 

   

We also evaluated the Group’s history of realizing deferred tax assets by evaluating the expiration of unused tax losses

 

   

We involved tax professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in assessing the Group’s tax adjustments and feasibility of planned tax strategies affecting deferred tax.

Other matter

The procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such consolidated financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.

 

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Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether theses consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

 

   

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations or the override of internal control.

 

   

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control

 

   

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

 

   

Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, then we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.

 

   

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

 

   

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors’ report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditors’ report is Sang Hyun Han.

 

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KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

Seoul, Korea

March 11, 2020

 

This report is effective as of March 11, 2020, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that the above audit report has not been updated to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)    Note      December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Assets

       

Cash and cash equivalents

     4, 26      W 3,336,003       2,365,022  

Deposits in banks

     4, 26        78,757       78,400  

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     5, 14, 26, 29        3,154,080       2,829,163  

Other accounts receivable, net

     5, 26        474,048       169,313  

Other current financial assets

     6, 26        70,945       46,301  

Inventories

     7        2,051,155       2,691,203  

Prepaid income taxes

        114,143       4,516  

Non-current assets held for sale

     31        —         70,161  

Other current assets

     5        969,184       546,048  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

        10,248,315       8,800,127  

Deposits in banks

     4, 26        11       11  

Investments in equity accounted investees

     8        109,611       113,989  

Other non-current accounts receivable, net

     5, 26        9,072       11,448  

Other non-current financial assets

     6, 26        111,510       144,214  

Property, plant and equipment, net

     9, 17, 27        22,087,645       21,600,130  

Intangible assets, net

     10, 17        873,448       987,642  

Deferred tax assets

     24        1,727,122       1,136,166  

Employee benefits assets, net

     12        127,252       —    

Other non-current assets

     5        280,577       381,983  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

        25,326,248       24,375,583  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

      W 35,574,563       33,175,710  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

       

Trade accounts and notes payable

     26, 29      W 2,618,261       3,087,461  

Current financial liabilities

     11, 26, 27        1,977,084       1,553,907  

Other accounts payable

     26        4,397,121       3,566,629  

Accrued expenses

        675,270       633,346  

Income tax payable

        120,034       105,900  

Provisions

     13        189,525       98,254  

Advances received

     14        925,662       834,010  

Other current liabilities

     13        82,019       74,976  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

        10,984,976       9,954,483  

Non-current financial liabilities

     11, 26, 27        11,612,910       7,030,628  

Non-current provisions

     13        67,118       32,764  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

     12        1,338       45,360  

Long-term advances received

     14        320,582       1,114,316  

Deferred tax liabilities

     24        11,210       15,087  

Other non-current liabilities

     13        88,148       96,826  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

        12,101,306       8,334,981  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

        23,086,282       18,289,464  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity

       

Share capital

     15        1,789,079       1,789,079  

Share premium

        2,251,113       2,251,113  

Retained earnings

        7,503,312       10,239,965  

Reserves

     15        (203,021     (300,968
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity attributable to owners of the Controlling Company

        11,340,483       13,979,189  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests

        1,147,798       907,057  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

        12,488,281       14,886,246  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

      W 35,574,563       33,175,710  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won, except earnings per share)    Note      2019      2018  

Revenue

     16, 17, 29      W 23,475,567        24,336,571  

Cost of sales

     7, 18, 29        (21,607,240      (21,251,305
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

        1,868,327        3,085,266  

Selling expenses

     19        (1,057,753      (832,963

Administrative expenses

     19        (947,978      (938,214

Research and development expenses

        (1,221,978      (1,221,198
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating profit (loss)

        (1,359,382      92,891  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance income

     22        276,732        254,131  

Finance costs

     22        (443,247      (326,893

Other non-operating income

     21        1,267,251        1,003,038  

Other non-operating expenses

     21        (3,097,743      (1,115,233

Equity in income of equity accounted investees, net

     8        12,147        700  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

        (3,344,242      (91,366

Income tax expense (benefit)

     23        (472,164      88,077  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss for the year

        (2,872,078      (179,443
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

        

Items that will never be reclassified to profit or loss

        

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities

     12, 23        128,640        5,690  

Other comprehensive income from associates

        238        20  

Related income tax

     12, 23        (35,235      (1,169
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        93,643        4,541  

Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss

        

Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations

     22, 23        106,690        (19,987

Other comprehensive income from associates

     23        3,925        37  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        110,615        (19,950
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year, net of income tax

        204,258        (15,409
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year

      W (2,667,820      (194,852
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit (loss) attributable to:

        

Owners of the Controlling Company

        (2,829,705      (207,239

Non-controlling interests

        (42,373      27,796  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss for the year

      W (2,872,078      (179,443
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:

        

Owners of the Controlling Company

        (2,636,948      (215,386

Non-controlling interests

        (30,872      20,534  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year

      W (2,667,820      (194,852
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss per share (in won)

        

Basic and diluted loss per share

     25      W (7,908      (579
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

     Attributable to owners of the Controlling Company                

(In millions of won)

   Share
capital
     Share
premium
     Retained
earnings
     Reserves      Sub-total      Non-controlling
interests
     Total
equity
 

Balances at January 1, 2018

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        10,621,571        (288,280      14,373,483        608,027        14,981,510  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

                    

Profit (loss) for the year

     —          —          (207,239      —          (207,239      27,796        (179,443

Other comprehensive income (loss)

                    

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, net of tax

     —          —          4,521        —          4,521        —          4,521  

Foreign currency translation differences

     —          —          —          (12,725      (12,725      (7,262      (19,987

Other comprehensive income from associates

     —          —          20        37        57        —          57  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

     —          —          4,541        (12,688      (8,147      (7,262      (15,409
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

   W —          —          (202,698      (12,688      (215,386      20,534        (194,852
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity

                    

Dividends to share holders

     —          —          (178,908      —          (178,908      —          (178,908

Subsidiaries’ dividends distributed to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —          —          —          (53,107      (53,107

Capital contribution from non-controlling interests

     —          —          —          —          —          331,603        331,603  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2018

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        10,239,965        (300,968      13,979,189        907,057        14,886,246  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances at January 1, 2019

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        10,239,965        (300,968      13,979,189        907,057        14,886,246  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

                    

Loss for the year

     —          —          (2,829,705      —          (2,829,705      (42,373      (2,872,078

Other comprehensive income (loss)

                    

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, net of tax

     —          —          93,405        —          93,405        —          93,405  

Foreign currency translation differences

     —          —          —          95,189        95,189        11,501        106,690  

Other comprehensive income from associates

     —          —          238        3,925        4,163        —          4,163  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income

     —          —          93,643        99,114        192,757        11,501        204,258  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

   W —          —          (2,736,062      99,114        (2,636,948      (30,872      (2,667,820
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity

                    

Subsidiaries’ dividends distributed to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —          —          —          (6,541      (6,541

Capital contribution from non-controlling interests and others

     —          —          (591      (1,167      (1,758      278,154        276,396  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2019

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        7,503,312        (203,021      11,340,483        1,147,798        12,488,281  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)    Note      2019      2018  

Cash flows from operating activities:

        

Loss for the year

      W (2,872,078      (179,443

Adjustments for:

        

Income tax expense (benefit)

     23        (472,164      88,077  

Depreciation and amortization

     9,10,18        3,695,051        3,554,565  

Gain on foreign currency translation

        (103,460      (84,643

Loss on foreign currency translation

        171,966        138,452  

Expenses related to defined benefit plans

     12, 20        162,997        179,880  

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        (35,788      (6,620

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        40,897        15,048  

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

        1,550,430        43,601  

Gain on disposal of intangible assets

        (552      (239

Loss on disposal of intangible assets

        139        —    

Impairment loss on intangible assets

        249,450        82  

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

        (960      (348

Impairment loss on other assets

        3,602        —    

Gain on disposal of non-current assets held for sale

        (8,353      —    

Expense on increase of provisions

        419,720        234,928  

Finance income

        (186,707      (101,313

Finance costs

        338,419        173,975  

Equity in income of equity method accounted investees, net

     8        (12,147      (700

Other income

        (20,416      (3,310

Other expenses

        4,451        593  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        5,796,575        4,232,028  

Changes in:

        

Trade accounts and notes receivable

        (1,007,373      1,304,963  

Other accounts receivable

        (49,443      (56,870

Inventories

        632,359        (449,901

Lease receivables

        6,617        —    

Other current assets

        (288,770      (249,968

Other non-current assets

        (38,608      (61,164

Trade accounts and notes payable

        (394,564      267,358  

Other accounts payable

        2,035,750        (111,053

Accrued expenses

        11,787        (194,394

Provisions

        (294,096      (217,984

Other current liabilities

        (214,675      78,849  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

        (65,681      (224,335

Long-term advances received

        63,672        948,276  

Other non-current liabilities

        7,045        24,510  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        404,020        1,058,287  

Cash generated from operating activities

        3,328,517        5,110,872  

Income taxes paid

        (252,812      (486,549

Interests received

        47,276        71,819  

Interests paid

        (416,436      (212,019
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

      W 2,706,545        4,484,123  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)    Note      2019      2018  

Cash flows from investing activities:

        

Dividends received

      W 7,502        5,272  

Increase in deposits in banks

        (114,557      (775,239

Proceeds from withdrawal of deposits in banks

        114,200        1,454,561  

Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

        (708      (431

Proceeds from disposal of financial asset at fair value through profit or loss

        452        —    

Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

        (21      —    

Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

        107        6  

Acquisition of investments in equity accounted investees

        —          (14,732

Proceeds from disposal of investments in equity accounted investees

        16,738        4,527  

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

        (6,926,985      (7,942,210

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

        335,446        142,088  

Acquisition of intangible assets

        (540,996      (480,607

Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets

        2,468        960  

Government grants received

        248,124        1,210  

Proceeds from disposal of non-current assets held for sale

        81,351        —    

Receipt from settlement of derivatives

        21,752        2,026  

Increase in short-term loans

        (8,725      (7,700

Proceeds from collection of short-term loans

        19,881        15,968  

Increase in long-term loans

        (6,465      (36,580

Increase in deposits

        (30,680      (58,794

Decrease in deposits

        5,307        4,136  

Proceeds from disposal of emission rights

        20,416        10,200  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

        (6,755,393      (7,675,339
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

     28        

Proceeds from short-term borrowings

        1,841,008        552,164  

Repayments of short-term borrowings

        (1,154,911      (552,884

Proceeds from issuance of bonds

        1,323,251        828,169  

Proceeds from long-term borrowings

        4,341,087        3,882,958  

Repayments of current portion of long-term borrowings and bonds

        (1,567,818      (1,859,098

Payment of lease liabilities

        (64,570      —    

Capital contribution from non-controlling interests

        276,396        331,603  

Subsidiaries’ dividends distributed to non-controlling interests

        (6,541      (51,085

Dividends paid

        —          (178,908
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

        4,987,902        2,952,919  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

        939,054        (238,297

Cash and cash equivalents at January 1

        2,365,022        2,602,560  

Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held

        31,927        759  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31

      W 3,336,003        2,365,022  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents
1.

Reporting Entity

 

  (a)

Description of the Controlling Company

LG Display Co., Ltd. (the “Controlling Company”) was incorporated in February 1985 and the Controlling Company is a public corporation listed in the Korea Exchange since 2004. The main business of the Controlling Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) is to manufacture and sell displays and its related products. As of December 31, 2019, the Group is operating Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (“TFT-LCD”) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (“OLED”) panel manufacturing plants in Gumi, Paju and China and TFT-LCD and OLED module manufacturing plants in Gumi, Paju, China and Vietnam. The Controlling Company is domiciled in the Republic of Korea with its address at 128 Yeouidae-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea. As of December 31, 2019, LG Electronics Inc., a major shareholder of the Controlling Company, owns 37.9% (135,625,000 shares) of the Controlling Company’s common stock.

The Controlling Company’s common stock is listed on the Korea Exchange under the identifying code 034220. As of December 31, 2019, there are 357,815,700 shares of common stock outstanding. The Controlling Company’s common stock is also listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) under the symbol “LPL”. One ADS represents one-half of one share of common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there are 19,545,920 ADSs outstanding.

 

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Table of Contents
1.

Reporting Entity, Continued

 

  (b)

Consolidated Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019

 

(In millions)                            

Subsidiaries

  Location   Percentage of
ownership
    Fiscal year
end
 

Date of
incorporation

 

Business

  Capital stocks  

LG Display America, Inc.

  San Jose, U.S.A.     100   December 31   September 24, 1999   Sell display products   USD 411  

LG Display Germany GmbH

  Eschborn, Germany     100   December 31   November 5, 1999   Sell display products   EUR 1  

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

  Tokyo, Japan     100   December 31   October 12, 1999   Sell display products   JPY 95  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

  Taipei, Taiwan     100   December 31   April 12, 1999   Sell display products   NTD 116  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

  Nanjing, China     100   December 31   July 15, 2002   Manufacture display products   CNY 3,020  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

  Shanghai, China     100   December 31   January 16, 2003   Sell display products   CNY 4  

LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o.(*1)

  Wroclaw, Poland     100   December 31   September 6, 2005   Manufacture display products   PLN 511  

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

  Guangzhou, China     100   December 31   June 30, 2006   Manufacture display products   CNY 1,655  

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

  Shenzhen, China     100   December 31   August 28, 2007   Sell display products   CNY 4  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

  Singapore     100   December 31   January 12, 2009   Sell display products   USD 1.1  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

  Fujian, China     51   December 31   January 5, 2010   Manufacture and sell LCD module and LCD monitor sets   CNY 116  

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

  Yantai, China     100   December 31   April 19, 2010   Manufacture display products   CNY 1,008  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

  Gumi, South Korea     100   December 31   March 21, 2012   Provide janitorial services   KRW 800  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

  Guangzhou, China     70   December 31   December 10, 2012   Manufacture and sell display products   CNY 8,232  

Unified Innovative Technology, LLC

  Wilmington, U.S.A.     100   December 31   March 12, 2014   Manage intellectual property   USD 9  

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

  Guangzhou, China     100   December 31   April 28, 2015   Sell display products   CNY 1.2  

Global OLED Technology, LLC

  Herndon, U.S.A.     100   December 31   December 18, 2009   Manage OLED intellectual property   USD 138  

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.(*2)

  Haiphong, Vietnam     100   December 31   May 5, 2016   Manufacture display products   USD 600  

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

  Suzhou, China     100   December 31   July 1, 2016   Manufacture and sell LCD module and LCD monitor sets   CNY 637  

LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC(*3)

  Wilmington, U.S.A.     100   December 31   May 1, 2018   Invest in venture business and acquire technologies   USD 6  

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. (*4)

  Guangzhou, China     75   December 31   July 11, 2018   Manufacture and sell display products   CNY 14,570  

Money Market Trust

  Seoul, South Korea     100   December 31   —     Money market trust   KRW 34,700  

 

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Table of Contents
1.

Reporting Entity, Continued

 

  (b)

Consolidated Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019, Continued

 

(*1)

On July 1, 2019, LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o. commenced the liquidation process.

(*2)

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Controlling Company contributed W342,680 million in cash for the capital increase of LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. (“LGDVN”).

(*3)

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Controlling Company contributed W4,073 million in cash for the capital increase of LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC.

(*4)

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Controlling Company contributed W1,045,393 million in cash for the capital increase of LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. (“LGDCO”). Meanwhile, additional contribution from LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. and non-controlling interest amounted to W32,329 million and W276,396 million, respectively. The Group’s ownership percentage in LGDCO increased from 69% to 75% as a result of these additional investments.

W11,120 million and W90,281 million are attributable to the Controlling Company over the distributed dividends from consolidated subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents
1.

Reporting Entity, Continued

 

  (c)

Summary of financial information of subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      2019  

Subsidiaries

   Total
assets
     Total
liabilities
     Total
shareholders’
equity
     Sales      Net
income
(loss)
 

LG Display America, Inc.

   W 961,070        942,860        18,210        9,669,140        5,366  

LG Display Germany GmbH

     404,852        392,824        12,028        1,715,627        5,451  

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

     296,106        290,976        5,130        2,268,430        1,641  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

     473,177        457,469        15,708        1,455,596        1,671  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

     1,239,381        575,137        664,244        1,428,020        13,046  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

     297,068        279,362        17,706        1,001,478        7,182  

LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o.

     160,385        228        160,157        7,904        (3,440

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

     2,893,673        1,949,732        943,941        2,582,137        100,726  

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

     134,575        123,641        10,934        445,691        4,163  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

     517,449        511,962        5,487        1,140,952        2,006  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

     342,450        272,489        69,961        1,153,099        8,008  

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

     886,198        498,890        387,308        1,273,553        34,044  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

     5,243        3,537        1,706        22,529        292  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

     2,026,541        329,133        1,697,408        1,978,487        (164,764

Unified Innovative Technology, LLC

     3,976        —          3,976        —          (1,104

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

     377,295        370,665        6,630        1,250,110        4,396  

Global OLED Technology, LLC

     81,481        21,004        60,477        8,380        (5,220

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     3,367,337        2,878,707        488,630        1,261,053        (253,694

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

     219,974        94,615        125,359        350,870        6,682  

LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC

     589        39        550        —          (3,532

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.

     6,606,874        4,188,766        2,418,108        40,766        12,503  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     W21,295,694      14,182,036      7,113,658      29,053,822      (224,577)  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

66


Table of Contents
1.

Reporting Entity, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018      2018  

Subsidiaries

   Total
assets
     Total
liabilities
     Total
shareholders’
equity
     Sales      Net
income

(loss)
 

LG Display America, Inc.

   W 1,048,112        1,035,975        12,137        8,985,127        7,268  

LG Display Germany GmbH

     451,328        444,676        6,652        1,780,233        4,322  

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

     374,356        370,860        3,496        2,388,644        2,359  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

     294,103        280,794        13,309        1,558,166        2,653  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

     1,397,886        758,499        639,387        1,738,895        55,623  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

     931,773        921,289        10,484        994,258        5,977  

LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o.

     165,079        5,308        159,771        38,437        249  

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

     2,689,670        1,860,804        828,866        2,366,355        293,222  

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

     50,337        43,636        6,701        1,370,364        3,386  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

     152,768        149,405        3,363        1,099,288        2,471  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

     293,025        231,955        61,070        1,156,111        (1,937

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

     1,336,692        989,121        347,571        1,459,165        53,480  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

     5,171        3,757        1,414        22,964        295  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

     2,780,364        932,526        1,847,838        2,573,254        106,269  

Unified Innovative Technology, LLC

     4,898        3        4,895        —          (986

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

     485,800        483,502        2,298        807,536        1,266  

Global OLED Technology, LLC

     81,922        18,537        63,385        7,962        (5,232

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     2,342,774        1,963,922        378,852        871,755        60,923  

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

     212,138        95,359        116,779        365,914        5,018  

LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC

     7        —          7        —          (2,242

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.

     3,258,830        2,208,244        1,050,586        —          (10,152
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 18,357,033        12,798,172        5,558,861        29,584,428        584,232  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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2.

Basis of Presenting Financial Statements

 

  (a)

Statement of Compliance

In accordance with the Act on External Audits of Stock Companies, Etc., these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”).

The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on January 30, 2020, which will be submitted for approval to the shareholders’ meeting to be held on March 20, 2020.

 

  (b)

Basis of Measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the consolidated statement of financial position:

 

   

derivative financial instruments at fair value, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), and

 

   

net defined benefit liabilities (employee benefits assets) recognized at the present value of defined benefit obligations less the fair value of plan assets

 

  (c)

Functional and Presentation Currency

Each subsidiary’s financial statements within the Group are presented in the subsidiary’s functional currency, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which each subsidiary operates. The consolidated financial statements are presented in Korean won, which is the Controlling Company’s functional currency.

 

  (d)

Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with K-IFRSs requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

 

   

Financial instruments (Note 3(f))

 

   

Intangible assets (Note 3(k), 10)

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next 12 months is included in the following notes:

 

   

Provisions (Note 3(m), 13)

 

   

Inventories (Note 3(e), 7)

 

   

Property, Plant and Equipment (Note 9)

 

   

Intangible assets (Note 10)

 

   

Employee benefits (Note 12)

 

   

Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Note 24)

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

  (a)

Changes in Accounting Policies

The Group has initially applied K-IFRS No. 1116, Leases, from January 1, 2019. A number of other new standards are effective from January 1, 2019 but they do not have a material effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

In application of K-IFRS No. 1116, Leases, from January 1, 2019, the Group used the modified retrospective approach, under which right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized in equal amount. Accordingly, the comparative information presented for 2018 is presented, as previously reported, under K-IFRS No. 1017 and relative interpretations. The disclosure requirements in K-IFRS No. 1116 have not been applied to comparative information. The details of the changes in accounting policies are disclosed below.

 

  i)

Definition of a lease

Previously, the Group determined at contract inception whether an arrangement was or contained a lease under K-IFRS No. 2104, Determining Whether an Arrangement contains a Lease. For contracts entered into or changed on or after January 1, 2019, the Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on the definition of a lease under K-IFRS No. 1116 as described in Note 27.

On adoption of K-IFRS No. 1116, as of January 1, 2019, the Group applied the practical expedient to grandfather the assessment of which transactions are leases for existing contracts. The Group applied K-IFRS No. 1116 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases.

 

  ii)

Accounting as a lessee

As a lessee, the Group leases buildings, vehicles, machinery, equipment and others. The Group previously classified leases as operating or finance leases based on its assessment of whether the lease transferred significantly all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset to the Group. Under K-IFRS No. 1116, the Group recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most of these leases on the consolidated statement of financial position.

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone price.

 

  Leases

classified as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017

The Group classified its leases of buildings, vehicles, machinery, equipment and others as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017. On adoption of K-IFRS No. 1116, for these leases, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the Group’s incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019 (see Note 27). Right-of-use assets are measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid lease payments.

The Group used following practical expedients when applying K-IFRS No. 1116 to leases previously classified as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017:

 

   

did not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases for which the lease term ends within 12 months of the date of initial application;

 

   

did not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases of low value assets;

 

   

excluded initial direct costs from the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application; and

 

   

used hindsight when determining the remaining lease term.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (a)

Changes in Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  iii)

Accounting as a lessor

The Group leases out its own property and right-of-use assets. The Group classified these leases as operating leases or finance leases based on their characteristics.

The Group is not required to make any adjustments on transition for leases as a lessor, except for sub-lease provided with the right-of-use assets.

Under K-IFRS 1017, the head lease and sub-lease contracts were classified as operating leases. On adoption of K-IFRS 1116, the right-of-use assets recognized from the head leases are presented in property, plant and equipment, and measured at fair value at that date. The Group assessed the classification of the sub-lease contracts with reference to the underlying asset, and concluded that they are finance leases.

The Group applied K-IFRS No. 1115 to allocate consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component.

 

  iv)

Impact on the consolidated financial statements

Impacts on adoption

On adoption of K-IFRS No. 1116, the Group recognized additional right-of-use assets and additional lease liabilities as below:

 

(In millions of won)       
     January 1, 2019  

Right-of-use assets presented in property, plant and equipment

   W 142,040  

Prepaid expenses

     (61,570

Lease receivable

     34,649  

Lease liabilities

     115,119  

When measuring lease liabilities at January 1, 2019 for leases that were classified as operating leases in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1017, the Group discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019. The weighted-average discount rate applied is 3.36%.

 

(In millions of won)       
     January 1, 2019  

Amount of operating lease commitments at December 31, 2018

   W 119,659  

Discounted using the incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019

     115,614  

Finance lease liabilities recognized as at December 31, 2018

     —    

— Recognition exemption for lease of low-value assets

     (262

— Recognition exemption for leases with less than 12 months of lease term at adoption

     (233

Lease liabilities recognized at January 1, 2019

     115,119  

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (b)

Consolidation

 

  (i)

Business Combinations

The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method except for a combination of entities or businesses under common control. The consideration transferred in the acquisition is generally measured at fair value, as are the identifiable net assets acquired. If the aggregate sum of consideration transferred and non-controlling interest exceeds the fair value of identifiable net asset, the Group recognizes goodwill; if not, then the Group recognizes gain on a bargain purchase. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt or equity securities in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1032 and K-IFRS No. 1109. The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognized in profit or loss.

 

  (ii)

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed, or has right to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases.

 

  (iii)

Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”) are measured at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. Profit or loss and other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries are attributed to owners of the Controlling Company and non-controlling interests.

Changes in the Group’s interest in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

 

  (iv)

Loss of Control

If the Controlling Company loses control of subsidiaries, the Controlling Company derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the former subsidiaries from the consolidated statement of financial position and recognizes the gain or loss associated with the loss of control attributable to the former controlling interest. Meanwhile, the Controlling Company recognizes any investment retained in the former subsidiaries at its fair value when control is lost.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (b)

Consolidation, Continued

 

  (v)

Associates and joint ventures (equity method investees)

Associates are those entities in which the Group has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over the financial and operating policies. A joint venture is an arrangement in which the parties have joint control, whereby the parties has rights to the net assets of the arrangement, rather than rights to its assets and obligations for its liabilities.

Investments in associates and joint ventures are initially recognized at cost and subsequently accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The carrying amount of investments in associates and joint ventures is increased or decreased to recognize the Group’s share of the profits or losses and changes in the Group’s proportionate interest of the investee after the date of acquisition. Distributions received from an investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment.

If an associate or a joint venture uses accounting policies different from those of the Controlling Company for like transactions and events in similar circumstances, appropriate adjustments are made to the consolidated financial statements. As of and during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements, no adjustments were made in applying the equity method.

When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity accounted investee, the carrying amount of that interest, including any long-term investments, is reduced to nil, and the recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee.

 

  (vi)

Transactions eliminated on consolidation

Intra-group balances and transactions, including income and expenses and any unrealized income and expenses and balance of trade accounts and notes receivable and payable arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (c)

Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Group at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was originally determined. Foreign currency differences arising on retranslation are recognized in profit or loss, except for differences arising on an investment in equity securities designated as at FVOCI and a financial asset and liability designated as a cash flow hedge, which are recognized in other comprehensive income. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Foreign currency differences arising from assets and liabilities in relation to the investing and financing activities including loans, bonds and cash and cash equivalents are recognized in finance income (costs) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) and foreign currency differences arising from assets and liabilities in relation to activities other than investing and financing activities are recognized in other non-operating income (expense) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency differences are presented in gross amounts in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

If the presentation currency of the Group is different from a foreign operation’s functional currency, the financial position and financial performance of the foreign operation are translated into the presentation currency using the following methods. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, whose functional currency is not the currency of a hyperinflationary economy are translated to the Group’s functional currency at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to the Group’s functional currency at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions and foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Relevant proportionate shares of foreign currency differences are allocated to the controlling interests and non-controlling interests. When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes part of its interest in a subsidiary but retains control, then the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to NCI. When the Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss.

Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition of that foreign operation is treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation. Thus, they are expressed in the functional currency of the foreign operation and translated at the at each reporting date’s exchange rate.

 

  (d)

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (e)

Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted-average method, and includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated selling expenses. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-process, cost includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on the actual capacity of production facilities. However, the normal capacity is used for the allocation of fixed production overheads if the actual level of production is lower than the normal capacity.

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments

 

  (i)

Non-derivative financial assets

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets are recognized in statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

Classification and subsequent measurement

 

  i)

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortized cost; FVOCI – debt investment; FVOCI – equity investments; or FVTPL. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the subsequent reporting period following the change in the business model.

A financial asset is measured as at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

 

   

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

 

   

the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

On initial recognition of an equity investments that is not held for trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured as at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. At initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

 

  ii)

Financial assets: business model

The Group makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

 

   

the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice (these include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realizing cash flows through the sale of the assets);

 

   

how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Group’s management;

 

   

the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed; and

 

   

the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Transfers of financial assets to third parties in transaction that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sale for this purpose.

A financial asset that is held for trading or is managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis is measured at FVTPL.

 

  iii)

Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

For the purpose of the assessment, “principal” is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and cost (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as profit margin.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Group considers.

 

   

contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows:

 

   

terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable-rate features;

 

   

prepayment and extension features; and

 

   

terms that limit the Group’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features)

A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest or the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract.

Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued but unpaid contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.

 

  iv)

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

 

Financial assets at FVTPL    These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.
Financial assets at amortized cost    These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.
Debt investments at FVOCI    These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

Derecognition

The Group derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows of the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or it transfers or does not retain substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred asset, and does not retain control of the transferred asset.

If the Group has retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset, the Group continues to recognize the transferred asset.

Offset

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

  (ii)

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The Group classifies financial liabilities into two categories, financial liabilities at FVTPL and other financial liabilities in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities, and recognizes them in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL include financial liabilities held for trading or designated as such upon initial recognition at FVTPL. After initial recognition, financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of financial liabilities are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities classified as at FVTPL are classified as other financial liabilities and measured initially at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of financial liabilities. Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. As of December 31, 2019, non-derivative financial liabilities comprise borrowings, bonds, trade accounts and notes payable, other accounts payable and others.

The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired.

 

  (iii)

Share Capital

The Group issued common stocks and they are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of common stocks are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of tax effects. Capital contributed in excess of par value upon issuance of common stocks is classified as share premium within equity.

 

  (iv)

Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are accounted for as described below.

Hedge Accounting

If necessary, the Group designates derivatives as hedging items to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities or firm commitments (a fair value hedge) and foreign currency risk of highly probable forecasted transactions or firm commitments (a cash flow hedge).

On initial designation of the hedge, the Group’s management formally designates and documents the relationship between the hedging instrument(s) and hedged item(s), including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction, together with the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

  i)

Fair value hedges

Change in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge and the hedged item is recognized in profit or loss, respectively. The gain or loss from remeasuring the hedging instrument at fair value and the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in profit or loss in the same line item of the statement of comprehensive income (loss). The Group discontinues fair value hedge accounting if it does not designate the derivative hedging instrument and the hedged item as the hedge relationship between them anymore; if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or if the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting.

 

  ii)

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative designated as a cash flow hedging instrument meets the criteria of cash flow hedge accounting, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in profit or loss. The Group discontinues cash flow hedge accounting if it does not designate the derivative hedging instrument and the hedged item as the hedge relationship between them anymore; if the hedging instruments expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or if the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting. The cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument that has been recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss in the periods during which the forecasted transaction occurs. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the balance in other comprehensive income is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Embedded derivative

Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Other derivative financial instruments

Other derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value and changes of their fair value are recognized in profit or loss.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (g)

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

  (i)

Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes an expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labor, any costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item and recognized in other non-operating income or other non-operating expenses.

 

  (ii)

Subsequent costs

Subsequent expenditure on an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized as part of its cost only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

  (iii)

Depreciation

Depreciation is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, reflecting the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Group. The residual value of property, plant and equipment is zero.

Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

 

    

Useful lives (years)

Buildings and structures

   20, 40

Machinery

   4, 5

Furniture and fixtures

   4

Equipment, tools and vehicles

   2, 4, 12

Right-of-use assets

   (*)

 

(*)

The Group depreciates the right-of-use assets from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term on a straight-line basis.

 

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  (h)

Borrowing Costs

The Group capitalizes borrowing costs, which includes interests and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. To the extent that the Group borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Group determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Group immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense.

 

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  (i)

Government Grants

In case there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to a government grant, the government grant is recognized as follows:

 

  (i)

Grants related to the purchase or construction of assets

A government grant related to the purchase or construction of assets is deducted in calculating the carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognized in profit or loss over the life of a depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense and cash related to grant received is presented in investing activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

  (ii)

Grants for compensating the Group’s expenses incurred

A government grant that compensates the Group for expenses incurred is recognized in profit or loss as a deduction from relevant expenses on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognized.

 

  (iii)

Other government grants

A government grant that becomes receivable for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Group with no compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or no future related costs is recognized as income of the period in which it becomes receivable.

 

  (j)

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

 

  (i)

Goodwill

Goodwill arising from business combinations is recognized as the excess of the acquisition cost of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any deficit is a bargain purchase that is recognized in profit or loss. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (j)

Intangible Assets, Continued

 

  (ii)

Research and development

Expenditure on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Development activities involve a plan or design of the production of new or substantially improved products and processes. Development expenditure is capitalized as intangible assets only if the Group can demonstrate all of the following:

 

   

the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale,

 

   

its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it,

 

   

its ability to use or sell the intangible asset,

 

   

how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits (among other things, the Group can demonstrate the usefulness of the intangible asset by existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself if it is to be used internally),

 

   

the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset, and

 

   

its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

The expenditure capitalized includes the cost of materials, direct labor and overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use, and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.

 

  (iii)

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets include intellectual property rights, software, customer relationships, technology, memberships and others.

 

  (iv)

Subsequent costs

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific intangible asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (j)

Intangible Assets, Continued

 

  (v)

Amortization

Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which condominium and golf club memberships are expected to be available for use, these intangible assets are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and not amortized.

 

     Estimated useful lives (years)

Intellectual property rights

   5, 10

Rights to use electricity, water and gas supply facilities

   10

Software

   4

Customer relationships

   7, 10

Technology

   10

Development costs

   (*)

Condominium and golf club memberships

   Not amortized

 

(*)

Capitalized development costs are amortized over the useful lives considering the life cycle of the developed products. Amortization of capitalized development costs are recognized in research and development expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at each financial year-end. The useful lives of intangible assets that are not being amortized are reviewed each period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. If appropriate, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

 

  (k)

Impairment

 

  (i)

Financial assets

Financial instruments and contract assets

The Group recognizes loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortized cost and debt investments at FVOCI at the ‘expected credit loss’ (ECL).

The Group recognizes a loss allowance for the life-time expected credit losses except for following, which are measured at 12-month ECLs:

 

   

debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

 

   

other debt securities and bank deposits for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECLs, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both qualitative and quantitative information and analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and informed credit assessment including forward-looking information.

 

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  (k)

Impairment, Continued

 

Lifetime ECLs are the ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

12-month ECLs are the portion of the ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months).

The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Group is exposed to credit risk.

Estimation of expected credit losses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured using the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows and the expected contractual cash flows. The expected credit losses are discounted using effective interest rate of the financial assets.

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting period-end, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:

 

   

significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;

 

   

the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;

 

   

it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or

 

   

the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

Presentation of loss allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognized in OCI instead of reducing the carrying amount of financial assets in the consolidated statement of financial position.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (k)

Impairment, Continued

 

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Group has no reasonable expectations for recovering the financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. The Group assess whether there are reasonable expectations of recovering the contractual cash flows from customers and individually assess the timing and amount of write-off. The Group expects no significant recovery from the amount written-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

 

  (ii)

Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than assets arising from employee benefits, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For goodwill, and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the recoverable amount is estimated each year.

Recoverable amount is estimated for the individual asset. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the Group determines the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The cash-generating unit (“CGU”) is the smallest group of assets that includes the asset and generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is determined as the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. Fair value less costs to sell is based on the best information available to reflect the amount that the Group could obtain from the disposal of the asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, after deducting the costs of disposal.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of a CGU are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets other than goodwill, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized from the acquisition cost. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (l)

Leases

The Group applied K-IFRS No. 1116 using the modified retrospective approach and therefore the comparative information is not restated and continues to be reported applying K-IFRS No. 1017 and K-IFRS No. 2104.

At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Group uses the definition of a lease in K-IFRS No. 1116.

 

  (i)

As a lessee—Policies from January 1, 2019

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone price. For certain leases, the Group accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component by applying the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components.

The Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at of before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case, the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

 

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  (l)

Leases, Continued

 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

 

   

fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;

 

   

variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

 

   

amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

 

   

the exercise price under a purchase option that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Group is reasonably certain not to terminate early.

The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.

When the lease liability is remeasured, the Group recognizes the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Group recognizes any remaining amount of the remeasurement in profit or loss.

The Group presents right-of-use assets in ‘property, plant and equipment’ and lease liabilities in ‘financial liabilities’ in the consolidated statement of financial position.

The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

  (ii)

As a lessor—Policies from January 1, 2019

When the Group acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease.

To classify each lease, the Group makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Group considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (l)

Leases, Continued

 

When the Group is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a short-term lease to which the Group applies the exemption described above, then it classifies the sub-lease as an operating lease.

If an arrangement contains lease and non-lease components, then the Group applies K-IFRS No. 1115 to allocate the consideration in the contract.

At the commencement date, the Group recognizes assets held under a finance lease in its statement of financial position and present them as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and recognize finance income over the lease term, based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment in the lease.

The Group recognizes lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term as part of ‘other revenue’.

The accounting policies applicable to the Group as a lessor in the comparative period are not different from K-IFRS No. 1116 except for the classification of the sub-lease entered into during current reporting period that resulted in a finance lease classification.

 

  (m)

Provisions

A provision is recognized as a result of a past event, if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (m)

Provisions, Continued

 

The Group recognizes a liability for warranty obligations based on the estimated costs expected to be incurred under its basic limited warranty. This warranty covers defective products and is normally applicable for 18~36 months from the date of purchase. These liabilities are accrued when product revenues are recognized. Factors that affect the Group’s warranty liability include historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims on those repairs and cost per claim to satisfy the Group’s warranty obligation. Warranty costs primarily include raw materials and labor costs. As these factors are impacted by actual experience and future expectations, management periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. Accrued warranty obligations are included in the current and non-current provisions.

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources, are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment and/or remediation can be reasonably estimated.

 

  (n)

Non-current Assets Held for Sale

Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, are classified as held-for-sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily from sale rather than through continuing use. In order to be classified as held for sale, the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition and its sale is highly probable. The assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell on initial classification. The Group recognizes an impairment loss for any subsequent decrease in fair value of the asset (or disposal group) for which an impairment loss was recognized on initial classification as held-for-sale and a gain for any subsequent increase in fair value in profit or losses, up to the cumulative impairment loss previously recognized.

The Group does not depreciate a non-current asset while it is classified as held for sale or while it is part of a disposal group classified as held for sale.

 

  (o)

Employee Benefits

 

  (i)

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits that are due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in profit or loss on an undiscounted basis. The expected cost of profit-sharing and bonus plans and others are recognized when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to make payments as a result of past events and a reliable estimate of the obligation can be made.

 

  (ii)

Other long-term employee benefits

The Group’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than pension plans is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods.

 

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  (o)

Employee Benefits, Continued

 

  (iii)

Defined contribution plan

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the period during which services are rendered by employees.

 

  (iv)

Defined benefit plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than defined contribution plans. The Group’s net obligation in respect of its defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of any plan assets is deducted.

The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on high quality corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Group recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans in retained earnings immediately.

The Group determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Consequently, the net interest on the net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset) now comprises: interest cost on the defined benefit obligation, interest income on plan assets, and interest on the effect on the asset ceiling.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Group recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

 

  (v)

Termination benefits

The Group recognizes expense for termination benefits at the earlier of the date when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the entity recognizes costs for a restructuring involving the payment of termination benefits. If the termination benefits are not expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period, the Group measures the termination benefit with present value of future cash payments.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (p)

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of estimated returns, trade discounts, volume rebates and other cash incentives paid to customers.

The Group recognizes revenue according to the five stage revenue recognition model (① Identifying the contract ®② Identifying performance obligations ®③ Determining transaction price ®④ Allocating the transaction price to performance obligations ®⑤ Recognizing revenue for performance obligations).

The Group generates revenue primarily from sale of display panels. Product revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control over the Group’s products, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the contracts with the customer.

The Group includes return option in the sales contract of display panels with its customers and the consideration receivable from the customer is subject to change due to returns. The Group estimates an amount of variable consideration by using the expected value method which the Group expects to better predict the amount of consideration. The Group includes in the transaction price an amount of variable consideration estimated only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur during the return period when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Group recognizes a refund liability and an asset for its right to recover products from customers if the Group receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund some or all of that consideration to the customer. Sales taxes or value-added taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

 

  (q)

Operating Segments

An operating segment is a component of the Group that: 1) engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with other components of the group, 2) whose operating results are reviewed regularly by the Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to allocate resources and assess its performance, and 3) for which discrete financial information is available. Management has determined that the CODM of the Group is the Board of Directors. The CODM does not receive and therefore does not review discrete financial information for any component of the Group. Consequently, no operating segment information is included in these consolidated financial statements. Entity wide disclosures of geographic and product revenue information are provided in Note 17 to these consolidated financial statements.

 

  (r)

Finance Income and Finance Costs

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested (including debt instruments measured at FVOCI), dividend income, gains on disposal of debt instruments measured at FVOCI, changes in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL, and gains on hedging instruments that are recognized in profit or loss. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established.

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, unwinding of the discount on provisions, gain and losses from financial assets measured at FVTPL, impairment losses recognized on financial assets, and losses on hedging instruments that are recognized in profit or loss. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (s)

Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

 

  (i)

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss) of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

 

  (ii)

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized, using the liability method, in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Group recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and interests in joint ventures, except to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. A deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that the differences relating to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

The Group offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if, and only if the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

 

  (t)

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Controlling Company presents basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) data for its common stocks. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Controlling Company by the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding, adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential common stocks such as convertible bonds and others.

 

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  (u)

New Standards and Amendments Not Yet Adopted, Continued

A number of new standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2019 and earlier application is permitted; however, the Group has not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these consolidated financial statements:

The following amended standards and interpretations are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements:

 

   

Amendments to References to Conceptual Framework in K-IFRS Standards.;

 

   

Definition of a Business (Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1103, Business Combinations);

 

   

Definition of Material (Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1001, Presentation of Financial Statements and K-IFRS No. 1008, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors); and

 

   

K-IFRS No. 1117, Insurance Contracts.

 

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Cash and Cash Equivalents and Deposits in Banks

Cash and cash equivalents and deposits in banks as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

     

Demand deposits

   W 3,336,003        2,365,022  

Deposits in banks

     

Time deposits

   W 1,500        4,318  

Restricted deposits (*)

     77,257        74,082  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 78,757        78,400  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Deposits in banks

     

Restricted deposits (*)

   W 11        11  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,414,771        2,443,433  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Includes funds deposited under agreements on mutually beneficial cooperation to aid LG Group companies’ suppliers, restricted deposits pledged to enforce the Group’s investment plans upon the receipt of grants from Gumi city and Gyeongsangbuk-do, and others.

 

5.

Receivables and Other Assets

(a) Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Due from third parties

   W 2,576,391        2,305,368  

Due from related parties

     577,689        523,795  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,154,080        2,829,163  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(b) Other accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Non-trade receivables, net

   W 463,614        159,238  

Accrued income

     10,434        10,075  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 474,048        169,313  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Long-term non-trade receivables

     9,072        11,448  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 483,120        180,761  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Due from related parties included in other accounts receivable, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are W19,431 million and W39,092 million, respectively.

 

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5.

Receivables and Other Assets, Continued

 

(c) The aging of trade accounts and notes receivable, and other accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019  
     Book value      Allowance for impairment  
     Trade accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
     Trade accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
 

Current

   W 3,119,914        208,086        (454      (3,292

1-15 days past due

     34,626        3,512        (6      (1

16-30 days past due

     —          598        —          (4

31-60 days past due

     —          61        —          —    

More than 60 days past due

     —          274,185        —          (25
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,154,540        486,442        (460      (3,322
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018  
     Book value      Allowance for impairment  
     Trade accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
     Trade accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
 

Current

   W 2,807,598        177,689        (473      (816

1-15 days past due

     21,558        3,148        (4      (26

16-30 days past due

     454        441        —          (4

31-60 days past due

     30        96        —          (1

More than 60 days past due

     —          668        —          (434
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,829,640        182,042        (477      (1,281
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade accounts and notes receivable and other accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019      2018  
     Trade accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
     Trade accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
 

Balance at the beginning of the period

   W 477        1,281        1,632        1,311  

(Reversal of) bad debt expense

     (17      2,041        (1,155      (30
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at the reporting date

   W 460        3,322        477        1,281  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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5.

Receivables and Other Assets, Continued

 

(d) Other assets as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Advanced payments

   W 6,203        13,259  

Prepaid expenses

     114,145        89,110  

Value added tax refundable

     826,730        436,190  

Right to recover returned goods

     22,106        7,489  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 969,184        546,048  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Long-term prepaid expenses

   W 272,835        381,983  

Long-term advanced payments

     7,742        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 280,577        381,983  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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6.

Other Financial Assets

Other financial assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Derivatives(*)

   W 34,036        13,059  

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

     

Debt instruments

     

Government bonds

   W 6        106  

Financial asset carried at amortized cost

     

Deposits

   W 9,585        17,020  

Short-term loans

     21,623        16,116  

Lease receivables

     5,695        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 36,903        33,136  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 70,945        46,301  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Equity instruments

     

Intellectual Discovery, Ltd.

   W 1,104        4,598  

Kyulux, Inc.

     1,889        2,460  

Fineeva Co., Ltd.

     4        286  

ARCH Venture Fund Vlll, L.P.

     6,302        6,337  

Sierra Ventures Fund XII, L.P.

     580        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 9,879        13,681  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Convertible bonds

   W 1,544        1,327  

Derivatives(*)

     15,640        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 27,063        15,008  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

     

Debt instruments

     

Government bonds

   W 70        55  

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

     

Deposits

   W 21,451        74,103  

Long-term loans

     40,827        55,048  

Lease receivables

     22,099        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 84,377        129,151  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 111,510        144,214  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents valuation gain from currency interest rate swap contracts related to foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds. The contracts are not designated as hedging instruments.

Other financial assets issued by related parties as of December 31, 2018 is W2,000 million.

 

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7.

Inventories

Inventories as of December 31, 2019 and December 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Finished goods

   W 730,009        1,084,297  

Work-in-process

     756,744        856,388  

Raw materials

     405,854        554,720  

Supplies

     158,548        195,798  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,051,155        2,691,203  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount of inventories recognized as cost of sales including inventory write-downs and usage of inventory write-downs included in cost of sales are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019      2018  

Inventories recognized as cost of sales

   W 21,607,240        21,251,305  

Including: inventory write-downs

     472,885        313,180  

Including: usage of inventory write-downs

     (313,180      (206,127

There were no significant reversals of inventory write-downs recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

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8.

Investments in Equity Accounted Investees

(a) Associates as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                         

Associates

  

Location

  

Fiscal year
end

  

Date of
incorporation

  

Business

          2019             2018  
          Percentage
of
ownership
     Carrying
amount
            Percentage
of
ownership
     Carrying
amount
 

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

  

Paju,

South Korea

   December 31   

January

2005

   Manufacture glass for display      %        40      W 50,697        %        40      W 47,823  

INVENIA Co., Ltd. (*1)

  

Seongnam,

South Korea

   December 31   

January

2001

   Develop and manufacture equipment for display manufacture         —          —             13        4,166  

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd. (*2)

  

Ansan,

South Korea

   December 31   

June

2008

   Manufacture LED back light unit packages         14        7,310           14        4,746  

YAS Co., Ltd.

  

Paju,

South Korea

   December 31   

April

2002

   Develop and manufacture deposition equipment for OLEDs         15        19,424           15        16,308  

AVATEC Co., Ltd. (*3)

  

Daegu,

South Korea

   December 31   

August

2000

   Process and sell glass for display         14        19,929           17        23,441  

Arctic Sentinel, Inc.

   Los Angeles, U.S.A.    March 31   

June

2008

  

Develop and manufacture

tablet for kids

        10        —             10        —    

CYNORA GmbH (*4)

  

Bruchsal,

Germany

   December 31   

March

2003

   Develop organic emitting materials for displays and lighting devices         12        4,714           14        8,668  

 

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8.

Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued

 

(In millions of won)                                                         

Associates

  

Location

  

Fiscal year
end

  

Date of
incorporation

  

Business

          2019             2018  
          Percentage
of
ownership
     Carrying
amount
            Percentage
of
ownership
     Carrying
amount
 

Material Science Co., Ltd. (*5)

  

Seoul,

South Korea

   December 31   

January

2014

   Develop, manufacture, and sell materials for display      %        10      W 2,354        %        10      W 3,346  

Nanosys Inc. (*6)

  

Milpitas,

U.S.A.

   December 31   

July

2001

   Develop, manufacture, and sell materials for display         4        5,183           4        5,491  
                    

 

 

          

 

 

 
                     W 109,611            W 113,989  
                    

 

 

          

 

 

 

 

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8.

Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued

 

(*1)

During 2019, the Controlling Company disposed of the entire investments, 3,000,000 shares of common stock, in INVENIA Co., Ltd and recognized W4,324 million of gain on disposal as finance income.

(*2)

During 2019, the Controlling Company recognized a reversal of impairment loss of W1,535 million as finance income for the investments in WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

(*3)

During 2019, the Controlling Company disposed of 650,000 shares of common stock in AVATEC Co., Ltd. As of December 31, 2019, the Controlling Company’s ownership percentage in AVATEC Co., LTD. is 14% and the Controlling Company recognized W207 million of gain on disposal as finance income.

(*4)

During 2019, the Controlling Company recognized an impairment loss of W3,954 million as finance cost for the investments in CYNORA GmbH. As of December 31, 2019, the Controlling Company’s ownership percentage in CYNORA GmbH decreased from 14% to 12% as the Controlling Company did not participate in the capital increase of CYNORA GmbH.

(*5)

During 2019, the Controlling Company recognized an impairment loss of W736 million as finance cost for the investments in Material Science Co., Ltd.

(*6)

During 2019, the Controlling Company recognized a reversal of impairment loss of W209 million as finance income for the investments in Nanosys Inc.

Although the Controlling Company’s respective share interests in WooRee E&L Co., Ltd., YAS Co., Ltd., AVATEC Co., Ltd., Arctic Sentinel, Inc., CYNORA GmbH, Material Science Co., Ltd. and Nanosys Inc. are below 20%, the Controlling Company is able to exercise significant influence through its right to appoint a director to the board of directors of each investee. Accordingly, the investments in these investees have been accounted for using the equity method.

As of December 31, 2019, the market value of the Group’s share in WooRee E&L Co., Ltd., YAS Co., Ltd., and AVATEC Co., Ltd., all of which are listed in KOSDAQ, are W7,310 million, W39,300 million and W15,380 million, respectively.

Dividends income recognized from equity method investees for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amounted to W7,502 million and W5,272 million, respectively.

 

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8.

Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued

 

  (b)

Summary of financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 of the significant associate is as follows:

(i) Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Total assets

   W 195,815        194,021  

Current assets

     126,314        128,788  

Non-current assets

     69,501        65,233  

Total liabilities

     66,017        72,686  

Current liabilities

     51,625        66,797  

Non-current liabilities

     14,392        5,889  

Revenue

   W 346,434        384,144  

Profit for the year

     13,672        12,744  

Other comprehensive income

     9,933        2,612  

Total comprehensive income

     23,605        15,356  

 

  (c)

Reconciliation from financial information of the significant associate to its carrying value in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

(i) As of December 31, 2019

 

(In millions of won)                                              

Company

   Net asset      Ownership
interest
    Net asset
(applying
ownership
interest)
     Goodwill      Intra-
group
transaction
    Impairment
loss
    Book
value
 

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

   W 129,798        40     51,919        —          (789     (433     50,697  

(ii) As of December 31, 2018

 

(In millions of won)

                                       

Company

   Net asset      Ownership
interest
    Net asset
(applying
ownership
interest)
     Goodwill      Intra-
group
transaction
    Book
value
 

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

   W 121,335        40     48,534        —          (711     47,823  

 

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8.

Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued

 

  (d)

Book value of other associates, in aggregate, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

(i) As of December 31, 2019

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Book
value
     Net profit (loss) of associates (applying ownership interest)  
   Profit (loss) for
the year
     Other comprehensive
income (loss)
     Total comprehensive
income (loss)
 

Other associates

   W 58,914        6,756        190        6,946  

(ii) As of December 31, 2018

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Book
value
     Net profit (loss) of associates (applying ownership interest)  
   Profit (loss) for
the year
     Other comprehensive
income (loss)
     Total comprehensive
income (loss)
 

Other associates

   W 66,166        (3,739      (988      (4,727

 

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8.

Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued

 

  (e)

Changes in investments in associates accounted for using the equity method for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)             
     2019  

Company

   January 1      Acquisition/
Disposal
    Dividends
received
    Equity income
(loss) on
investments
     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
     Other gain
(loss)
    December 31  

Associates

   Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.    W 47,823        —         (6,057     5,391        3,973        (433     50,697  
   Others      66,166        (9,807     (1,445     6,756        190        (2,946     58,914  
     

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W 113,989        (9,807     (7,502     12,147        4,163        (3,379     109,611  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(In millions of won)             
     2018  

Company

   January 1      Acquisition/
Disposal
     Dividends
received
    Equity income
(loss) on
investments
    Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
    Other gain
(loss)
    December 31  

Associates

   Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.    W 46,511        —          (4,172     4,439       1,045       —         47,823  
   Others      75,996        12,592        (1,100     (3,739     (988     (16,595     66,166  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W 122,507        12,592        (5,272     700       57       (16,595     113,989  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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9.

Property, Plant and Equipment

(a) Changes in property, plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                 
     Land     Buildings
and
structures
    Machinery
and
equipment
    Furniture
and
fixtures
    Construction-
in-progress
(*1)
    Right-of-use
asset
    Others     Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2019

   W 461,828       6,528,939       39,825,070       834,628       12,234,824       —         633,220       60,518,509  

Accumulated depreciation as of January 1, 2019

     —         (2,991,445     (34,817,982     (692,372     —         —         (368,983     (38,870,782

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2019

     —         (1,706     (28,001     —         (17,890     —         —         (47,597
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2019

   W 461,828       3,535,788       4,979,087       142,256       12,216,934       —         264,237       21,600,130  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recognition of right-of-use assets on initial application of K-IFRS No. 1116

     —         —         —         —         —         142,040       —         142,040  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted book value as of January 1, 2019

   W 461,828       3,535,788       4,979,087       142,256       12,216,934       142,040       264,237       21,742,170  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additions

     —         —         —         —         5,878,369       29,733       —         5,908,102  

Depreciation

     —         (302,157     (2,609,205     (66,592     —         (51,063     (239,762     (3,268,779

Disposals

     (7,861     (4,958     (559,616     (1,622     —         (3,594     (16,953     (594,604

Impairment loss (*2)

     —         (125,687     (1,212,215     (8,278     (171,439     (4,302     (28,509     (1,550,430

Others (*3)

     68       1,064,123       6,958,793       70,140       (8,373,047     —         279,923       —    

Government grants received

     —         (83,200     (17,028     —         (180,448     —         —         (280,676

Effect of movements in exchange rates

     —         21,984       30,957       884       75,958       436       1,643       131,862  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2019

   W 454,035       4,105,893       7,570,773       136,788       9,446,327       113,250       260,579       22,087,645  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2019

   W 454,035       7,381,156       43,604,721       899,053       9,618,256       169,133       823,101       62,949,455  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 2019

   W —         (3,154,387     (34,810,300     (753,987     —         (51,581     (534,013     (39,304,268
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2019

   W —         (120,876     (1,223,648     (8,278     (171,929     (4,302     (28,509     (1,557,542
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1)

As of December 31, 2019, construction-in-progress mainly relates to construction of manufacturing facilities.

(*2)

During 2019, Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs were assessed for impairment, and impairment losses amounting to W1,491,292 million (W1,369,371 million and W121,921 million for Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs, respectively) are recognized as other non-operating expenses. Details of the impairment loss is explained in Note 10(e).

(*3)

Others are mainly amounts transferred from construction-in-progress.

 

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9.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Continued

 

(b) Changes in property, plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                           
     Land     Buildings
and
structures
    Machinery
and
equipment
    Furniture
and
fixtures
    Construction-
in-progress
(*1)
    Others     Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2018

   W 460,511       6,539,506       38,901,158       772,824       5,971,856       205,475       52,851,330  

Accumulated depreciation as of January 1, 2018

     —         (2,678,970     (33,186,118     (631,482     —         (148,753     (36,645,323

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2018

     —         (1,757     (2,290     —         —         —         (4,047
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2018

   W 460,511       3,858,779       5,712,750       141,342       5,971,856       56,722       16,201,960  

Additions

     —         —         —         —         8,605,551       —         8,605,551  

Depreciation

     —         (318,311     (2,568,335     (67,274     —         (169,739     (3,123,659

Disposals

     (15     (161     (112,752     (311     —         (2,971     (116,210

Impairment loss

     —         —         (25,711     —         (17,890     —         (43,601

Others (*2)

     1,332       55,430       1,959,645       68,177       (2,357,412     380,278       107,450  

Effect of movements in exchange rates

     —         9,809       14,520       359       15,010       312       40,010  

Government grants received

     —         —         (1,029     —         (181     —         (1,210

Reclassification to assets held-for-sale

     —         (69,758     (1     (37     —         (365     (70,161
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2018

   W 461,828       3,535,788       4,979,087       142,256       12,216,934       264,237       21,600,130  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2018

   W 461,828       6,528,939       39,825,070       834,628       12,234,824       633,220       60,518,509  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 2018

   W —         (2,991,445     (34,817,982     (692,372     —         (368,983     (38,870,782
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2018

   W —         (1,706     (28,001     —         (17,890     —         (47,597
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1)

As of December 31, 2018, construction-in-progress mainly relates to construction of manufacturing facilities.

(*2)

Others are mainly amounts transferred from construction-in-progress.

(c) Capitalized borrowing costs and capitalization rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019     2018  

Capitalized borrowing costs

   W 283,525       146,607  

Capitalization rate

     3.74     2.80

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment

(a) Changes in intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    Intellectual
property
rights
    Software     Member-
ships
    Development
costs
    Construction-
in-progress
(software)
    Customer
relationships
    Technology     Good-
will
    Others
(*2)
    Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2019

   W 926,969       992,139       57,560       2,142,832       36,963       59,176       11,075       104,311       13,077       4,344,102  

Accumulated amortization as of January 1, 2019

     (696,948     (814,540     —         (1,775,922     —         (34,854     (9,598     —         (13,077     (3,344,939

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2019

     —         —         (11,521     —         —         —         —         —         —         (11,521
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2019

   W 230,021       177,599       46,039       366,910       36,963       24,322       1,477       104,311       —         987,642  

Additions - internally developed

     —         —         —         437,945       —         —         —         —         —         437,945  

Additions - external purchases

     28,397       —         846       —         90,369       —         —         —         3       119,615  

Amortization (*1)

     (42,550     (82,016     —         (297,959     —         (2,637     (1,108     —         (2     (426,272

Disposals

     —         (239     (1,816     —         —         —         —         —         —         (2,055

Impairment loss (*3)(*4)

     (29,152     (8,905     —         (131,713     —         (21,685     —         (57,995     —         (249,450

Reversal of impairment loss

     —         —         960       —         —         —         —         —         —         960  

Transfer from construction-in-progress

     —         111,359       —         —         (112,159     —         —         —         —         (800

Effect of movements in exchange rates

     4,318       347       23       —         72       —         —         1,103       —         5,863  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2019

   W 191,034       198,145       46,052       375,183       15,245       —         369       47,419       1       873,448  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2019

   W 959,683       1,097,290       56,612       2,580,777       15,245       59,176       11,074       105,414       13,080       4,898,351  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2019

   W (739,498     (890,281     —         (2,073,881     —         (37,491     (10,705     —         (13,079     (3,764,935
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2019

   W (29,151     (8,864     (10,560     (131,713     —         (21,685     —         (57,995     —         (259,968
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1)

The Group has classified the amortization as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative expenses and research and development expenses.

(*2)

Others mainly consist of rights to use electricity and gas supply facilities.

(*3)

During 2019, Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs were assessed for impairment, and the impairment losses amounting to W131,628 million (W26,284 and W105,344 million for Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs, respectively) are recognized as other non-operating expenses. The impairment amount is allocated to goodwill, customer relationships and others. Details of the impairment loss is explained in Note 10(e)).

(*4)

The Group recognized an impairment loss amounting to W117,822 million in connection with development projects that were terminated after the impairment review.

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

  (b)

Changes in intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    Intellectual
property
rights
    Software     Member-
ships
    Development
costs
    Construction-
in-progress
(software)
    Customer
relationships
    Technology     Good-
will
     Others
(*2)
    Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2018

   W 895,721       898,278       54,985       1,769,998       30,933       59,176       11,074       103,048        13,077       3,836,290  

Accumulated amortization as of January 1, 2018

     (648,755     (736,788     —         (1,473,238     —         (31,337     (8,490     —          (13,076     (2,911,684

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2018

     —         —         (11,785     —         —         —         —         —          —         (11,785
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2018

   W 246,966       161,490       43,200       296,760       30,933       27,839       2,584       103,048        1       912,821  

Additions - internally developed

     —         —         —         372,835       —         —         —         —          —         372,835  

Additions - external purchases

     24,596       —         2,844       —         100,820       —         —         —          —         128,260  

Amortization (*1)

     (43,437     (80,159     —         (302,685     —         (3,517     (1,107     —          (1     (430,906

Disposals

     —         —         (721     —         —         —         —         —          —         (721

Impairment loss

     —         —         (82     —         —         —         —         —          —         (82

Reversal of impairment loss

     —         —         348       —         —         —         —         —          —         348  

Transfer from construction-in-progress

     —         95,028       449       —         (95,028     —         —         —          —         449  

Effect of movements in exchange rates

     1,896       1,240       1       —         238       —         —         1,263        —         4,638  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2018

   W 230,021       177,599       46,039       366,910       36,963       24,322       1,477       104,311        —         987,642  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2018

   W 926,969       992,139       57,560       2,142,832       36,963       59,176       11,075       104,311        13,077       4,344,102  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2018

   W (696,948     (814,540     —         (1,775,922     —         (34,854     (9,598     —          (13,077     (3,344,939
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2018

   W —         —         (11,521     —         —         —         —         —          —         (11,521
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1)

The Group has classified the amortization as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative expenses and research and development expenses.

(*2)

Others mainly consist of rights to use electricity and gas supply facilities.

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

  (c)

Development projects are divided into research activities and development activities. Expenditures on research activities are recognized in profit or loss and qualifying development expenditures are capitalized, respectively.

 

  (d)

Development costs as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

  (i)

As of December 31, 2019

 

(In millions of won and in years)  

Classification

   Product type    Book Value      Remaining
Useful life
 

Development completed

   Mobile    W 53,350        0.4  
   TV      22,597        0.4  
   Notebook      14,464        0.4  
   Others      12,370        0.7  
     

 

 

    
      W 102,781     
     

 

 

    

Development in process

   Mobile    W 157,483        —    
   TV      42,587        —    
   Notebook      46,167        —    
   Others      26,165        —    
     

 

 

    
      W 272,402     
     

 

 

    
      W 375,183     
     

 

 

    

(ii) As of December 31, 2018

 

(In millions of won and in years)                   

Classification

   Product type    Book Value      Remaining
Useful life
 

Development completed

   Mobile    W 108,467        0.5  
   TV      28,001        0.5  
   Notebook      4,458        0.6  
   Others      9,475        0.5  
     

 

 

    
      W 150,401     
     

 

 

    

Development in process

   Mobile    W 144,679        —    
   TV      55,580        —    
   Notebook      9,639        —    
   Others      6,611        —    
     

 

 

    
      W 216,509     
     

 

 

    
      W 366,910     
     

 

 

    

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

  (e)

Impairment assessment

 

  (i)

During 2019, the Group has distinguished Display (AD PO) and Lighting businesses as separate CGUs from the existing Display CGU due to the initiation of independent factory production of Display (AD PO) business and the decision of Lighting business planned discontinuance in response to business environmental changes. As of December 31, 2019 goodwill is allocated to the Display CGU amounts to W47,419 million.

 

  (ii)

Impairment on assets belonging to CGUs was assessed due to the decision of planned discontinuance of Lighting business and adverse changes in the business environment of Display (AD PO). The recoverable amount of each CGU is estimated based on its value in use. Value in use is calculated using the estimated pre-tax cash flow based on 5-year business plan approved by management. The estimated sales of the Group’s products used in the forecast was determined considering external sources and the Group’s past experience. Management estimated the future pre- tax cash flow based on its past performance and forecasts on market growth. The key assumptions used in the estimation of value in use of each CGU as of December 31, 2019 are as follows.

 

     Lighting(*2)     Display (AD PO)(*3)     Display(*4)  

Discount rate(*1)

     6.1     6.1     6.1

Terminal growth rate

     0.0     0.0     1.0

 

  (*1)

The discount rate was calculated using the weighted average cost of equity capital and debt, and the beta of equity capital was calculated as the average of five global listed companies in the same industry and the Group. Cost of debt was calculated by the interest rate of the Group’s publicly issued bonds and debt ratio was determined using the average of the debt ratios of the five global listed companies in the same industry and the Group.

 

  (*2)

As a result of impairment test, the carrying amount of Lighting CGU which produces OLED lighting products was fully impaired with impairment loss of W230,867 million recognized as other non-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

  (*3)

As a result of impairment test, the carrying amount of Display (AD PO) CGU which produces plastic OLED mobile products and commenced mass production in 2019, exceeds the recoverable amount of W1,729,209 million and an impairment loss of W1,395,655 million was recognized as other non-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2019. The value in use determined for this CGU is sensitive to the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model. If the discount rate increases by 0.5%, the value in use would have decreased by W259,221 million (15.0%). If the terminal growth rate decreases by 0.5%, the value in use would have decreased by W169,626 million (9.8%).

 

  (*4)

As a result of impairment test for Display CGU, the recoverable amount exceeds the carrying amount by W3,568,588 million. The value in use determined for this CGU is sensitive to the discount rate and terminal growth rate used in the discounted cash flow model. The discount rate and terminal growth rate would need to increase by 1.06% and decrease by 1.39%, individually (holding all the other assumptions constant) for the estimated recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying amount.

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities

 

  (a)

Financial liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Current

     

Short-term borrowings

   W 696,793        —    

Current portion of long-term borrowing and bonds

     1,242,904        1,553,907  

Lease liabilities

     37,387        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,977,084        1,553,907  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

     

Won denominated borrowings

   W 2,692,560        2,700,608  

Foreign currency denominated borrowings

     6,107,117        2,531,663  

Bonds

     2,741,516        1,772,599  

Derivatives(*)

     20,592        25,758  

Lease liabilities

     51,125        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 11,612,910        7,030,628  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents currency interest rate swap contracts entered by the Group to hedge interest rate risks with respect to foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds.

 

  (b)

Foreign currency denominated short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 are as follows. There are none as of December 31, 2018.

 

(In millions of won and USD, CNY)            

Lender

  

Annual interest rate as of

December 31, 2019 (%)(*)

   December 31,
2019
 

Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited

   12ML + 0.78~0.88    W 347,340  

Standard Chartered Bank Vietnam and others

   3ML + 0.80~0.90      61,613  

Standard Chartered Bank (China) Limited and others

  

PBOC x 1.05

PBOC – 0.05

     287,840  
     

 

 

 

Foreign currency equivalent

        USD 353  
        CNY 1,737  
     

 

 

 
      W 696,793  
     

 

 

 

 

(*)

ML represents Month LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offered Rates) and PBOC represents the benchmark interest rate of People’s Bank of China.

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities, Continued

 

  (c)

Won denominated long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                  

Lender

  

Annual interest rate

as of

December 31, 2019 (%)(*)

   December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Woori Bank

   2.75    W 608       1,259  

Korea Development Bank and others

   CD rate (91days) + 1.00~1.39, 2.21~3.25      3,330,000       2,850,000  

Less current portion of long-term borrowings

        (638,048     (150,651
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
      W 2,692,560       2,700,608  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*)

CD represents Certificate of Deposit.

 

  (d)

Foreign currency denominated long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won and USD, CNY)                  

Lender

  

Annual interest rate

as of

December 31, 2019 (%)

   December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

The Export-Import Bank of Korea

  

3ML+0.75~1.70

6ML+1.25~1.35

   W 1,696,177       955,975  

China Construction Bank and others

  

USD: 3ML+0.80~1.43

CNY: PBOC X (0.95~1.05)

     4,606,094       2,419,286  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Foreign currency equivalent

        USD 2,767       USD 2,262  
        CNY 18,699       CNY 5,198  

Less current portion of long-term borrowings

      W (195,154     (843,598
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
      W 6,107,117       2,531,663  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities, Continued

 

  (e)

Details of bonds issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                           
     Maturity      Annual interest rate
as of
December 31, 2019 (%)
     December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Won denominated bonds(*1)

          

Publicly issued bonds

    
May 2020 ~
February 2024
 
 
     1.95~2.95      W 1,730,000       1,900,000  

Privately issued bonds

    
May 2025 ~
May 2033
 
 
     3.25~4.25        110,000       110,000  

Less discount on bonds

           (3,404     (3,949

Less current portion

           (409,702     (559,658
        

 

 

   

 

 

 
         W 1,426,894       1,446,393  
        

 

 

   

 

 

 

Foreign currency denominated bonds (*2)

          

Publicly issued bonds

     November 2021        3.88      W 347,340       335,430  

Privately issued bonds

     April 2023        3ML + 1.47        115,780       —    

Foreign currency equivalent

           USD 400       USD 300  

Less discount on bonds

           (6,883     (9,224
        

 

 

   

 

 

 
           456,237       326,206  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

          

Foreign currency convertible bonds

     August 2024        1.50      W 858,385       —    

Foreign currency equivalent

           USD 741       —    
        

 

 

   

 

 

 
         W 2,741,516       1,772,599  
        

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Principal of the won denominated bonds is to be repaid at maturity and interests are paid quarterly.

(*2)

Principal of the foreign currency denominated bonds is to be repaid at maturity and interests are paid quarterly or semi-annually.

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities, Continued

 

  (f)

Details of the convertible bonds issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In won, USD)
    

Description

Type

   Unsecured foreign currency denominated convertible bonds

Issuance amount

   USD 687,800,000

Annual interest rate (%)

   1.50

Issuance date

   August 22, 2019

Maturity date

   August 22, 2024

Interest payment

   Payable semi-annually in arrear until maturity date in equal installments commencing on issuance

Principal redemption

  

1.  Redemption at maturity:

Redeemed on the maturity date, at their outstanding principal amount, which has not been early redeemed or converted.

2.  Advanced redemption:

The Controlling Company has a right to redeem in advance (call option) and the bondholders have a right to require the Controlling Company to redeem in advance (put option). At exercise, the outstanding principal amount together with accrued but unpaid interest are to be redeemed.

Conversion price

   W19,845 per common share (subject to adjustment based on diluted effects of certain events)

Conversion period

   From August 23, 2020 to August 12, 2024

Redemption at the option of the issuer (Call option)

  

-   On or at any time after 3 years from the issuance, if the closing price of the shares for any 20 trading days out of the 30 consecutive trading days is at least 130% of the applicable conversion price

-   The aggregate principal amount of the convertible bonds outstanding is less than 10% of the aggregate principal amount originally issued, or

-   In the event of certain changes in laws and other directives resulting in additional taxes for the holders

Redemption at the option of the bondholders (Put option)

   On the day of 3 years from the issuance

The Controlling Company designated the convertible bonds as financial liabilities at fair value through profit of loss and recognized the change in fair value in profit or loss. The Controlling Company measures the convertible bond at fair value using the market price of convertible bonds disclosed on Bloomberg. The number of convertible shares as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

 

(In won and No. of shares)  
     December 31, 2019  

Aggregate outstanding amount of the convertible bonds

   W 813,426,670,000  

Conversion price

   W 19,845  

Number of common shares to be issued at conversion

     40,988,998  

 

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12.

Employee Benefits

The Controlling Company and certain subsidiaries’ defined benefit plans provide a lump-sum payment to an employee based on final salary rates and length of service at the time the employee leaves the Group.

The defined benefit plans expose the Group to actuarial risks, such as the risk associated with expected periods of service, interest rate risk, market (investment) risk, and others.

 

  (a)

Net defined benefit liabilities (employee benefits assets) recognized as of December 31 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)             
     December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Present value of partially funded defined benefit obligations

   W 1,481,339       1,595,423  

Fair value of plan assets

     (1,607,253     (1,550,063
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W (125,914     45,360  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit liabilities, net

   W 1,338       45,360  

Employee benefits assets

   W 127,252       —    

(b) Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)             
     2019     2018  

Opening defined benefit obligations

   W 1,595,423       1,562,424  

Current service cost

     194,469       204,668  

Past service cost

     (32,006     (25,749

Interest cost

     42,360       49,145  

Remeasurements (before tax)

     (137,464     (27,885

Benefit payments

     (95,675     (88,562

Curtailment of plans

     (80,470     (74,459

Net transfers from (to) related parties

     (5,349     (4,217

Others

     51       58  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Closing defined benefit obligations

   W 1,481,339       1,595,423  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average remaining maturity of defined benefit obligations as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are 15.1 years and 14.4 years, respectively.

(c) Changes in fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)             
     2019     2018  

Opening fair value of plan assets

   W 1,550,063       1,466,977  

Expected return on plan assets

     41,826       48,184  

Remeasurements (before tax)

     (8,824     (22,195

Contributions by employer directly to plan assets

     186,641       212,224  

Benefit payments

     (82,266     (80,690

Net transfers from (to) related parties

     280       —    

Curtailment of plans

     (80,467     (74,437
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Closing fair value of plan assets

   W 1,607,253       1,550,063  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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12.

Employee Benefits, Continued

 

  (d)

Plan assets at the reporting date are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Guaranteed deposits in banks

   W 1,607,253        1,550,063  

As of December 31, 2019, the Group maintains the plan assets primarily with Mirae Asset Daewoo Co., Ltd., KB Insurance Co., Ltd. and others.

 

  (e)

Expenses recognized in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Current service cost

   W 194,469        204,668  

Past service cost

     (32,006      (25,749

Net interest cost

     534        961  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 162,997        179,880  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Expenses are recognized as following in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss):

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Cost of sales

   W 119,147        134,879  

Selling expenses

     10,600        11,045  

Administrative expenses

     18,360        19,472  

Research and development expenses

     14,890        14,484  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 162,997        179,880  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (f)

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities (assets) included in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Balance at January 1

   W (165,969      (170,510

Remeasurements

     

Actuarial profit or loss arising from:

     

Experience adjustment

     43,644        56,225  

Demographic assumptions

     (19,952      (15,379

Financial assumptions

     113,772        (12,961

Return on plan assets

     (8,824      (22,195

Group’s share of associates regarding remeasurements

     238        20  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 128,878        5,710  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income tax

   W (35,235      (1,169
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at December 31

   W (72,326      (165,969
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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12.

Employee Benefits, Continued

 

  (g)

Principal actuarial assumptions at the reporting date (expressed as weighted averages) are as follows:

 

     December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Expected rate of salary increase

     3.4     4.3

Discount rate for defined benefit obligations

     2.4     2.8

Assumptions regarding future mortality are based on published statistics and mortality tables. The current mortality underlying the values of the liabilities in the defined benefit plans are as follows:

 

          December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Teens

   Males      0.00     0.01
   Females      0.00     0.00

Twenties

   Males      0.01     0.01
   Females      0.00     0.00

Thirties

   Males      0.01     0.01
   Females      0.00     0.01

Forties

   Males      0.02     0.03
   Females      0.01     0.02

Fifties

   Males      0.04     0.05
   Females      0.02     0.02

 

  (h)

Reasonably possible changes to respective relevant actuarial assumptions would have affected the defined benefit obligations by the following amounts as of December 31, 2019:

 

(In millions of won)    Defined benefit obligation  
     1% increase      1% decrease  

Discount rate for defined benefit obligations

   W (194,432      237,364  

Expected rate of salary increase

     233,106        (194,965

 

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13.

Provisions and Other Liabilities

 

  (a)

Changes in provisions for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                          
     Litigations
and claims
    Warranties (*)     Others      Total  

Balance at January 1, 2019

   W —         122,088       8,930        131,018  

Additions

     3,073       418,942       17,451        439,466  

Usage

     (3,073     (310,768     —          (313,841
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

   W —         230,262       26,381        256,643  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Current

   W —         163,144       26,381        189,525  

Non-current

   W —         67,118       —          67,118  

 

(*)

The provision for warranties on defective products is normally applicable for 18~36 months from the date of purchase. The provision is calculated by using historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and costs per claim to satisfy the Group’s warranty obligation.

 

  (b)

Other liabilities at the reporting date are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current liabilities

     

Withholdings

   W 28,376        30,970  

Unearned revenues

     44,333        43,841  

Security deposits

     9,310        165  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 82,019        74,976  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

     

Long-term accrued expenses

   W 78,537        80,817  

Long-term other accounts payable

     1,069        3,103  

Long-term advances received

     6,852        2,116  

Security deposits

     1,690        10,790  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 88,148        96,826  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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14.

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

 

  (a)

Legal Proceedings

Anti-trust litigations

Some individual claimants filed “follow-on” damages claims against the Group and other TFT-LCD manufacturers alleging violations of EU competition law. While the Group continues its vigorous defense of the various pending proceedings described above, as of December 31, 2019, the final results cannot be predicted.

Solas OLED Ltd. Litigations

In April 2019, Solas OLED Ltd. filed patent infringement actions against the Controlling Company and television manufacturers in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas as well as the Controlling Company and its subsidiary, LG Display Germany GmbH, and television manufactures in Mannheim District Court in Germany. As of December 31, 2019, the final results cannot be predicted.

Others

The Group is involved in various disputes in addition to pending proceedings described above. The Group cannot reliably estimate the timing and amount of outflows of resources embodying economic benefits relating to the disputes.

 

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14.

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments, Continued

 

  (b)

Commitments

Factoring and securitization of accounts receivable

The Controlling Company has agreements with Korea Development Bank and several other banks for accounts receivable sales negotiating facilities of up to an aggregate of USD 1,360 million (W1,574,608 million) in connection with the Controlling Company’s export sales transactions with its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2019, there are no outstanding short-term borrowings that are past due in connection with these agreements. In connection with all of the contracts in this paragraph, the Controlling Company has sold its accounts receivable with recourse.

The Controlling Company and overseas subsidiaries entered into agreements with financial institutions for accounts receivables sales negotiating facilities. The respective maximum amount of accounts receivables that could be sold under the agreement and the amount of sold but not yet due accounts receivables by contract are as follows:

 

(In millions of USD and KRW)                                 

Classification

  

Financial institutions

   Credit limit      Not yet due  
          Contractual
amount
     KRW
equivalent
     Contractual
amount
     KRW
equivalent
 

Controlling Company

   Shinhan Bank      KRW 90,000        90,000        —          —    
     USD 25        28,945        —          —    
   Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation      USD 20        23,156        —          —    
   Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ      KRW 130,000        130,000        —        —    
     USD 70        81,046        USD 4        4,640  
   BNP Paribas      USD 125        144,725        USD 18        20,888  
   ING Bank      USD 150        173,670        —          —    
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        USD 390           USD 22     
        KRW 220,000        671,542        —          25,528  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subsidiaries

              

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

   Standard Chartered Bank      USD 300        347,340        —          —    
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

   BNP Paribas      USD 15        17,367        —          —    
   Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd.      USD 70        81,046        —          —    
   Taishin International Bank      USD 280        324,184        USD 20        23,157  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

LG Display Germany GmbH

   Citibank      USD 80        92,624        —          —    
   BNP Paribas      USD 75        86,835        —          —    
   DZ Bank AG      USD 4        4,229        USD 2        1,859  
   Commerzbank AG      USD 3        4,030        USD 4        4,142  
   UniCredit Bank      USD 23        26,099        USD 3        3,827  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

LG Display America, Inc.

   Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp.      USD 800        926,240        USD 749        867,424  
   Standard Chartered Bank      USD 600        694,680        —          —    
   Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation      USD 200        231,560        —          —    
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        USD 2,450        2,836,234        USD 778        900,409  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        USD 2,840           USD 800     
        KRW 220,000        3,507,776        —          925,937  
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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14.

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments, Continued

 

  (b)

Commitments, Continued

 

In connection with all of the contracts in the above table, the Group has sold its accounts receivable without recourse.

Letters of credit

As of December 31, 2019, the Controlling Company has agreements in relation to the opening of letters of credit up to USD 150 million (W173,670 million) with KEB Hana Bank, USD 50 million (W57,890 million) with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, USD 100 million (W115,780 million) with Industrial Bank of Korea and USD 100 million (W115,780 million) with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.

Payment guarantees

The Controlling Company obtained payment guarantees amounting to USD 1,075 million (W1,244,635 million) from KEB Hana Bank and others for advances received related to the long-term supply agreements. The Controlling Company also obtained payment guarantees amounting to USD 306 million (W354,070 million) from Korea Development Bank for foreign currency denominated bonds.

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd. and others are provided with payment guarantees from the China Construction Bank and other various banks amounting to CNY 778 million (W128,863 million), JPY 900 million (W9,571 million), EUR 2.5 million (W3,244 million), VND 46,394 million (W2,320 million) and USD 0.5 million (W579 million), respectively, for their local tax payments and utility payments.

License agreements

As of December 31, 2019, the Group has technical license agreements with Hitachi Display, Ltd. and others in relation to its LCD business and patent cross license agreement with Universal Display Corporation in relation to its OLED business. Also, the Group has a trademark license agreement with LG Corp. as of December 31, 2019.

Long-term supply agreement

As of December 31, 2019, in connection with long-term supply agreements with customers, the Controlling Company recognized USD 875 million (W1,013,075 million) in advances received. The advances received will be offset against outstanding accounts receivable balances after a given period of time, as well as those arising from the supply of products thereafter. The Controlling Company received payment guarantees amounting to USD 1,075 million (W1,244,635 million) from KEB Hana Bank and other various banks relating to advances received (see Note 14(b) payment guarantees).

 

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15.

Capital and Reserves

 

  (a)

Share capital

The Controlling Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of capital stock (par value W5,000), and as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the number of issued common shares is 357,815,700. There have been no changes in the capital stock from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

 

  (b)

Reserves

Reserves consist mainly of the following:

Translation reserve

The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations.

Other comprehensive income (loss) from associates

The other comprehensive income (loss) from associates comprises the amount related to change in equity of investments excluding the changes in net income in equity accounted investees.

Reserves as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)  
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations

   W (178,452      (272,474

Other comprehensive loss from associates

     (24,569      (28,494
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W (203,021      (300,968
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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15.

Capital and Reserves, Continued

 

  (b)

Reserves, Continued

 

The movement in reserves for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     Foreign currency
translation differences
for foreign operations
    Other comprehensive income
(loss) from associates (excluding
remeasurements)
    Total  

January 1, 2018

   W (259,749     (28,531     (288,280

Change in reserves

     (12,725     37       (12,688
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2018

     (272,474     (28,494     (300,968
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

January 1, 2019

     (272,474     (28,494     (300,968

Change in reserves

     94,022       3,925       97,947  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2019

     (178,452     (24,569     (203,021
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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16.

Revenue

Details of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Sales of goods

   W 23,434,903        24,293,798  

Royalties

     14,409        17,513  

Others

     26,255        25,260  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 23,475,567        24,336,571  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

17.

Geographic and Other Information

The following is a summary of the Group’s revenue by region based on the location of customers for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

  (a)

Revenue by geography

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Domestic

   W 1,264,639        1,589,452  

Foreign

     

China

     15,432,503        15,242,533  

Asia (excluding China)

     2,404,739        2,481,112  

United States

     1,940,321        2,462,918  

Europe (excluding Poland)

     1,475,942        1,496,138  

Poland

     957,423        1,064,418  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 22,210,928        22,747,119  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 23,475,567        24,336,571  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sales to Company A and Company B amount to W8,494,720 million and W4,501,790 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: W7,262,255 million and W5,171,354 million, respectively). The Group’s top ten end-brand customers together accounted for 80% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: 77%).

 

  (b)

Non-current assets by geography

 

(In millions of won)                
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  
   Property, plant
and equipment
     Intangible
assets
     Property, plant
and equipment
     Intangible
assets
 

Domestic

   W 12,764,240        708,047        14,984,688        816,808  

Foreign

           

China

     7,391,279        34,337        5,049,216        12,332  

Others

     1,932,126        131,064        1,566,226        158,502  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 9,323,405        165,401        6,615,442        170,834  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 22,087,645        873,448        21,600,130        987,642  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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17.

Geographic and Other Information, Continued

 

  (c)

Revenue by product and services

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Televisions

   W 7,998,137        9,727,260  

Desktop monitors

     4,028,007        4,040,025  

Tablet products

     2,251,049        1,990,766  

Notebook computers

     2,783,718        2,836,888  

Mobile and others

     6,414,656        5,741,632  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 23,475,567        24,336,571  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

18.

The Nature of Expenses and Others

The classification of expenses by nature for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Changes in inventories

   W 640,048        (341,120

Purchases of raw materials, merchandise and others

     12,580,796        12,863,812  

Depreciation and amortization

     3,695,051        3,554,565  

Outsourcing

     865,935        825,393  

Labor

     3,072,877        3,222,110  

Supplies and others

     813,262        1,010,352  

Utility

     896,112        899,075  

Fees and commissions

     695,245        722,134  

Shipping

     196,002        240,288  

Advertising

     193,436        112,400  

Warranty

     418,942        234,928  

Travel

     95,074        104,009  

Taxes and dues

     109,473        123,210  

Impairment loss on property, plant, and equipment

     1,550,430        43,601  

Impairment loss on intangible assets

     249,450        82  

Others

     625,504        713,990  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 26,697,637        24,328,829  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total expenses consist of cost of sales, selling, administrative, research and development expenses and other non-operating expenses, excluding foreign exchange differences.

 

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19.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Details of selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Salaries(*1)

   W 514,736        500,610  

Expenses related to defined benefit plans(*2)

     29,018        30,724  

Other employee benefits

     77,690        90,348  

Shipping

     162,509        200,434  

Fees and commissions

     219,784        221,050  

Depreciation

     225,909        174,575  

Taxes and dues

     49,826        65,621  

Advertising

     193,436        112,400  

Warranty

     418,942        234,928  

Rent

     2,887        26,691  

Insurance

     11,386        11,584  

Travel

     23,594        24,659  

Training

     12,215        13,309  

Others

     63,799        64,244  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,005,731        1,771,177  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Expenses recognized in relation to employee termination benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amount to W218,826 million and W184,941 million, respectively.

(*2)

Expenses recognized in relation to employee defined contribution plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amount to W58 million and W111 million, respectively.

 

20.

Personnel Expenses

Details of personnel expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019      2018  

Salaries and wages

   W 2,553,485        2,720,014  

Other employee benefits

     473,916        500,169  

Contributions to National Pension plan

     73,148        75,668  

Expenses related to defined benefit plan and defined contribution plan (*)

     163,757        180,737  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,264,306        3,476,588  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Expenses recognized in relation to employee defined contribution plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amount to W760 million and W857 million, respectively.

 

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21.

Other Non-operating Income and Other Non-operating Expenses

 

  (a)

Details of other non-operating income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019      2018  

Foreign currency gain

   W 1,174,376        970,306  

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

     35,788        6,620  

Gain on disposal of intangible assets

     552        239  

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

     960        348  

Rental income

     3,098        3,584  

Gain on disposal of non-current assets held for sale

     8,353        —    

Others

     44,124        21,941  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,267,251        1,003,038  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Details of other non-operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019      2018  

Foreign currency loss

   W 1,235,054        1,030,084  

Other bad debt expense

     1,379        4  

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

     40,897        15,048  

Impairment loss on property, plant, and equipment

     1,550,430        43,601  

Loss on disposal of intangible assets

     139        —    

Impairment loss on intangible assets

     249,450        82  

Donations

     693        7,698  

Others

     19,701        18,716  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,097,743        1,115,233  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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22.

Finance Income and Finance Costs

 

  (a)

Finance income and costs recognized in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019      2018  

Finance income

     

Interest income

   W 53,378        69,020  

Foreign currency gain

     135,006        160,989  

Gain on disposal of investments in equity accounted investees

     4,531        —    

Reversal of impairment loss of investments in equity accounted investees

     1,744        802  

Gain on transaction of derivatives

     21,752        2,075  

Gain on valuation of derivatives

     59,781        13,059  

Gain on disposal of financial asset at fair value through profit or loss

     138        —    

Gain on valuation of financial asset at fair value through profit or loss

     402        8,186  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 276,732        254,131  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance costs

     

Interest expense

   W 172,750        80,517  

Foreign currency loss

     154,421        184,309  

Loss on disposal of investments in equity accounted investees

     —          595  

Loss on impairment of investments in equity accounted investees

     5,123        17,397  

Loss on sale of trade accounts and notes receivable

     19,728        13,361  

Loss on transaction of derivatives

     —          49  

Loss on valuation of derivatives

     17,999        26,600  

Loss on valuation of financial asset at fair value through profit or loss

     4,630        225  

Loss on valuation of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     56,384        —    

Others

     12,212        3,840  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 443,247        326,893  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Finance income and costs recognized in other comprehensive income or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019      2018  

Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations

   W 106,690        (19,987
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance income (costs) recognized in other comprehensive income or loss after tax

   W 106,690        (19,987
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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23.

Income Taxes

 

  (a)

Details of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019      2018  

Current tax expense

     

Current year

   W 193,691        167,394  

Adjustment for prior years

     (35,787      82,225  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 157,904        249,619  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax expense (benefit)

     

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

   W (963,385      (226,360

Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets

     333,317        64,818  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W (630,068      (161,542
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

   W (472,164      88,077  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Income taxes recognized directly in other comprehensive income or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019      2018  
     Before tax      Tax
expense
    Net of
tax
     Before
tax
    Tax
expense
    Net of
tax
 

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities (assets)

   W 128,640        (35,235     93,405        5,690       (1,169     4,521  

Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations

     106,690        —         106,690        (19,987     —         (19,987

Change in equity of equity method investee

     4,163        —         4,163        57       —         57  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W 239,493        (35,235     204,258        (14,240     (1,169     (15,409
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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23.

Income Taxes, Continued

 

  (c)

Reconciliation of the actual effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                     
            2019      2018  

Loss for the year

   W          (2,872,078        (179,443

Income tax expense (benefit)

          (472,164        88,077  
       

 

 

      

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

          (3,344,242        (91,366
       

 

 

      

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit) using the statutory tax rate of each country

        23.94     (800,660      (33.60 %)      30,695  

Non-deductible expenses

        (0.95 %)      31,649        (40.07 %)      36,608  

Tax credits

        1.47     (49,269      117.27     (107,146

Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets

        (9.97 %)      333,318        (70.94 %)      64,818  

Adjustment for prior years (*1)

        1.07     (35,787      (90.00 %)      82,225  

Effect on change in tax rate

        (0.40 %)      13,353        15.68     (14,326

Others

        (1.05 %)      35,232        5.25     (4,797
       

 

 

      

 

 

 

Actual income tax expense (benefit)

   W          (472,164        88,077  
       

 

 

      

 

 

 

Actual effective tax rate

          (*2        (*2

 

(*1)

Consist of changes in tax credits in amended tax returns and expected amount of income tax adjustment in relation to the transfer price investigation and others

(*2)

Actual effective tax rate are not calculated due to loss before income tax.

 

  (d)

Tax uncertainties

In June 2019, LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd, LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd. and LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd., subsidiaries of the Controlling Company, were imposed of additional taxes amounting to W127.1 billion, in aggregate, by the Chinese tax authorities in connection with the transfer price investigation initiated in 2015.

OECD Guidelines, the Korea-China tax treaty, and the domestic tax laws of both countries stipulate mutual agreements to resolve double taxation. In July 2019, the Controlling Company registered an application form to initiate a mutual agreement on the estimated amount of W109.2 billion corporate tax adjustment from the Korea National Tax Service. The application was officially registered as a mutual agreement and the two tax authorities held their first meeting in November 2019 and further consultation will be conducted in 2020.

Meanwhile, the Controlling Company expects that the mutual agreement between tax authorities will be processed and be resolved within a reasonable period and the Controlling Company recognized the estimated income tax refund as current tax asset as of December 31, 2019.

 

24.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

 

  (a)

Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities

As of December 31, 2019, in relation to the taxable temporary differences on investments in subsidiaries amounting to W69,758 million, the Controlling Company did not recognize deferred tax liabilities since the Controlling Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

 

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24.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Continued

 

  (b)

Unused tax credit carryforwards for which no deferred tax asset is recognized

Realization of deferred tax assets related to tax credit carryforwards which are primarily related to Korea is dependent on whether sufficient taxable income will be generated prior to their expiration. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of unused tax credit carryforwards for which no deferred tax asset is recognized and their expiration dates are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                          
     Total      December 31,
2020
     December 31,
2021
     December 31,
2022
     December 31,
2023
     December 31,
2024
 

Tax credit carryforwards

   W 549,056        44,692        70,646        220,135        114,845        98,738  

 

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24.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Continued

 

  (c)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:

 

(In millions of won)    Assets      Liabilities     Total  
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
     December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
    December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Other accounts receivable, net

   W —          —          (4,364     (1,013     (4,364     (1,013

Inventories, net

     89,522        60,606        —         —         89,522       60,606  

Investments in subsidiaries and associates

     —          13,404        (20,015     —         (20,015     13,404  

Accrued expenses

     131,196        126,072        —         —         131,196       126,072  

Property, plant and equipment

     691,599        445,721        (21,690     (1,495     669,909       444,226  

Intangible assets

     21,886        3,468        (10,759     (14,588     11,127       (11,120

Provisions

     59,875        32,468        (4,446     —         55,429       32,468  

Gain or loss on foreign currency translation, net

     —          13        —         —         —         13  

Others

     137,667        20,850        (328     (7,665     137,339       13,185  

Tax loss carryforwards

     607,432        134,845        —         —         607,432       134,845  

Tax credit carryforwards

     38,337        308,393        —         —         38,337       308,393  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets (liabilities)

   W 1,777,514        1,145,840        (61,602     (24,761     1,715,912       1,121,079  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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24.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Continued

 

  (d)

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    January 1,
2018
    Profit or
loss
    Other
comprehensive
loss
    December 31,
2018
    Profit or
loss
    Other
comprehensive
loss
    December 31,
2019
 

Other accounts receivable, net

   W (1,441     428       —         (1,013     (3,351     —         (4,364

Inventories, net

     34,550       26,056       —         60,606       28,916       —         89,522  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

     2,375       (1,206     (1,169     —         35,235       (35,235     —    

Subsidiaries and associates

     29,061       (15,657     —         13,404       (33,419     —         (20,015

Accrued expenses

     183,903       (57,831     —         126,072       5,124       —         131,196  

Property, plant and equipment

     409,928       34,298       —         444,226       225,683       —         669,909  

Intangible assets

     (21,189     10,069       —         (11,120     22,247       —         11,127  

Provisions

     27,018       5,450       —         32,468       22,961       —         55,429  

Gain or loss on foreign currency translation, net

     13       —         —         13       (13     —         —    

Others

     27,562       (14,377     —         13,185       124,154       —         137,339  

Tax loss carryforwards

     —         134,845       —         134,845       472,587       —         607,432  

Tax credit carryforwards

     268,926       39,467       —         308,393       (270,056     —         38,337  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets (liabilities)

   W 960,706       161,542       (1,169     1,121,079       630,068       (35,235     1,715,912  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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25.

Loss Per Share Attributable to Owners of the Controlling Company

 

  (a)

Basic loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In won and No. of shares)              
     2019      2018  

Loss attributable to owners of the Controlling Company for the year

   W (2,829,705,069,665      (207,239,484,774

Weighted-average number of common stocks outstanding

     357,815,700        357,815,700  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic loss per share

   W (7,908      (579
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no events or transactions that resulted in changes in the number of common stocks used for calculating loss per share.

 

  (b)

The Controlling Company issued potential common stocks as a result of issuance of the convertible bonds on August 22, 2019. Diluted loss per share is not different from basic loss per share due to loss for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, 40,988,998 options were excluded from the calculation of weighted-average number of common stocks due to antidilution.

 

26.

Financial Risk Management

The Group is exposed to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risks. The Group identifies and analyzes such risks, and controls are implemented under a risk management system to monitor and manage these risks at below an acceptable level.

 

  (a)

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices, will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.

 

  (i)

Currency risk

The Group is exposed to currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Controlling Company, Korean won (KRW). The currencies in which these transactions primarily are denominated are USD, CNY, JPY, etc.

Interest on borrowings is denominated in the currency of the borrowing. Generally, borrowings are denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by the underlying operations of the Group, primarily KRW, USD and CNY.

In respect of other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, the Group adopts policies to ensure that its net exposure is kept to an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates when necessary to address short-term imbalances. Meanwhile, the Group entered into currency interest rate swap contracts to hedge currency risk with respect to foreign currency borrowings and bonds.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (a)

Market risk, Continued

 

  i)

Exposure to currency risk

The Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk based on notional amounts at the reporting date is as follows:

 

(In millions)    December 31, 2019  
     USD     JPY     CNY     TWD     EUR     PLN      VND  

Cash and cash equivalents

     1,594       68       8,360       33       5       25        28,663  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     2,485       19       550       —         —         —          —    

Non-trade receivable

     276       455       230       3       2       —          13,131  

Other assets denominated in foreign currencies

     29       526       5,668       369       5       503        4,032  

Trade accounts and notes payable

     (628     (9,043     (2,289     —         —         —          (291,891

Other accounts payable

     (488     (12,396     (3,239     (4     (10     —          (786,356

Financial liabilities

     (4,255     —         (20,436     —         —         —          —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Aggregate notional amounts in the consolidated statements of financial position

     (987     (20,371     (11,156     401       2       528        (1,032,421
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Currency swap contracts

     2,085       —         —         —         —         —          —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net exposure

     1,098       (20,371     (11,156     401       2       528        (1,032,421
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(In millions)    December 31, 2018  
     USD     JPY     CNY     TWD     EUR     PLN     VND  

Cash and cash equivalents

     790       83       5,515       121       8       206       2,070,889  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     2,175       7       1,098       —         —         —         —    

Non-trade receivable

     21       852       201       3       4       —         23,182  

Other assets denominated in foreign currencies

     33       220       11,157       108       12       23       2,782  

Trade accounts and notes payable

     (863     (12,501     (2,862     —         —         —         (355,390

Other accounts payable

     (928     (20,326     (4,762     (6     (3     (4     (1,585,130

Financial liabilities

     (2,571     —         (5,198     —         —         —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Aggregate notional amounts in the consolidated statements of financial position

     (1,343     (31,665     5,149       226       21       225       156,333  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Currency swap contracts

     780       —         —         —         —         —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net exposure

     (563     (31,665     5,149       226       21       225       156,333  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (a)

Market risk, Continued

 

Average exchange rates applied for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the exchange rates at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In won)    Average rate      Reporting date spot rate  
     2019      2018      December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

USD

   W 1,165.46        1,100.21        1,157.80        1,118.10  

JPY

     10.70        9.96        10.63        10.13  

CNY

     168.56        166.41        165.74        162.76  

TWD

     37.74        36.51        38.48        36.58  

EUR

     1,304.52        1,298.53        1,297.43        1,279.16  

PLN

     303.62        304.87        304.87        297.33  

VND

     0.0502        0.0478        0.0500        0.0482  

 

  ii)

Sensitivity analysis

A weaker won, as indicated below, against the following currencies which comprise the Group’s assets or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis is based on foreign currency exchange rate variances that the Group considers to be reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. The analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, would remain constant. The changes in equity and profit or loss would have been as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  
     Equity      Profit or loss      Equity      Profit or loss  

USD (5 percent weakening)

   W 23,570        105,398        (46,136      38,725  

JPY (5 percent weakening)

     (8,397      (6,418      (12,060      (10,497

CNY (5 percent weakening)

     (92,454      11        41,779        318  

TWD (5 percent weakening)

     772        —          413        1  

EUR (5 percent weakening)

     221        (278      1,197        390  

PLN (5 percent weakening)

     8,036        28        3,451        (236

VND (5 percent weakening)

     (1,871      (1,871      273        273  

A stronger won against the above currencies as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 would have had the equal but opposite effect on the above currencies to the amounts shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain constant.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (a)

Market risk, Continued

 

  (ii)

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises principally from the Group’s bonds and borrowings. The Group establishes and applies its policy to reduce uncertainty arising from fluctuations in the interest rate and to minimize finance cost and manages interest rate risk by monitoring of trends of fluctuations in interest rate and establishing plan for countermeasures. Meanwhile, the Group entered into currency interest rate swap contracts amount of USD 1,785 million (W2,066,673 million) in notional amount to hedge interest rate risk with respect to variable interest rate applied foreign currency denominated borrowings.

 

  i)

Profile

The interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments at the reporting date is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Fixed rate instruments

    

Financial assets

   W 3,414,838       2,443,583  

Financial liabilities

     (6,066,554     (5,033,515
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W (2,651,716     (2,589,932
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Variable rate instruments

    

Financial liabilities

   W (7,414,336     (3,525,262

 

  ii)

Equity and profit or loss sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 a change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below for the respective following years. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant.

 

(In millions of won)    Equity      Profit or loss  
     1%p
increase
     1%p
decrease
     1%p
increase
     1%p
decrease
 

December 31, 2019

           

Variable rate instruments (*)

   W (38,774      38,774        (38,774      38,774  

December 31, 2018

           

Variable rate instruments (*)

   W (25,558      25,558        (25,558      25,558  

 

(*)

Financial instruments related to interest rate swap not qualified for hedging are excluded.

 

  (b)

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Group’s receivables from customers.

The Group’s exposure to credit risk of trade and other receivables is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management believes that the default risk of the country in which each customer operates, do not have a significant influence on credit risk since the majority of the customers are global electronic appliance manufacturers operating in global markets.

The Group establishes credit limits for each customer and each new customer is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively before determining whether to utilize third party guarantees, insurance or factoring as appropriate.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (b)

Credit risk, Continued

 

In relation to the impairment of financial assets subsequent to initial recognition, the Group recognizes the changes in expected credit loss (“ECL”) at each reporting date in order to reflect changes in the credit risks based on ECL model.

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   W 3,336,003        2,365,022  

Deposits in banks

     78,768        78,411  

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     3,154,080        2,829,163  

Non-trade receivables

     463,614        159,238  

Accrued income

     10,434        10,075  

Deposits

     31,036        91,123  

Short-term loans

     21,623        16,116  

Long-term loans

     40,827        55,048  

Long-term non-trade receivables

     9,072        11,448  

Lease receivables

     27,794        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 7,173,251        5,615,644  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Convertible bonds

   W 1,544        1,327  

Derivatives

     49,676        13,059  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 51,220        14,386  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

     

Debt instruments

   W 76        161  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 7,224,547        5,630,191  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Trade accounts and notes receivables are insured in order to manage credit risk if it does not meet the Group’s internal credit ratings. Uninsured trade accounts and notes receivables are managed by continuous monitoring of internal credit ratings and seeking insurance coverage, if necessary.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (c)

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or other financial asset. The Group’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation.

The Group has historically been able to satisfy its cash requirements from cash flows from operations and debt and equity financing. To the extent that the Group does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet its capital requirements, the Group relies on other financing activities, such as external long-term borrowings and offerings of debt securities, equity-linked and other debt securities. In addition, the Group maintains a line of credit with various banks.

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments, as of December 31, 2019.

 

(In millions of won)           Contractual cash flows in  
     Carrying
amount
     Total     6 months
or less
     6-12
months
     1-2 years     2-5 years     More than
5 years
 

Non-derivative financial liabilities

                 

Borrowings

   W 10,329,671        11,514,568       1,174,941        723,363        2,173,444       6,471,876       970,944  

Bonds

     3,151,218        3,306,729       297,649        184,878        908,281       1,780,014       135,907  

Trade accounts and notes payable

     2,618,261        2,618,261       2,618,261        —          —         —         —    

Other accounts payable

     2,069,105        2,069,105       2,068,039        1,066        —         —         —    

Other accounts payable (enterprise procurement cards)(*)

     2,328,016        2,353,355       1,287,023        1,066,332        —         —         —    

Long-term other accounts payable

     1,069        1,069       —          —          1,069       —         —    

Security deposits received

     11,000        11,000       3,980        5,330        1,690       —         —    

Lease liabilities

     88,512        97,562       26,702        14,543        22,931       23,096       10,290  

Derivative financial liabilities

                 

Derivatives

   W 20,592        (13,101     —          —          (4,870     (8,231     —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W 20,617,444        21,958,548       7,476,595        1,995,512        3,102,545       8,266,755       1,117,141  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents the amount of utility expenses and others paid by enterprise procurement cards and the outstanding payables are settled at the end of the billing cycle. The payments to the card company arises from operating activities of purchasing of goods and services thus the related cash flow is disclosed as operating activities.

It is not expected that the cash flows included in the maturity analysis could occur significantly earlier, or at significantly different amounts.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (d)

Capital Management

Management’s policy is to maintain a capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Liabilities to equity ratio, net borrowings to equity ratio and other financial ratios are used by management to achieve an optimal capital structure. Management also monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends to ordinary shareholders.

 

(In millions of won)             
     December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Total liabilities

   W 23,086,282       18,289,464  

Total equity

     12,488,281       14,886,246  

Cash and deposits in banks (*1)

     3,414,760       2,443,422  

Borrowings (including bonds)

     13,480,889       8,558,777  

Total liabilities to equity ratio

     185     123

Net borrowings to equity ratio (*2)

     81     41

 

(*1)

Cash and deposits in banks consist of cash and cash equivalents and current deposits in banks.

(*2)

Net borrowings to equity ratio is calculated by dividing total borrowings (including bonds and excluding lease liabilities) less cash and current deposits in banks by total equity.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (e)

Determination of fair value

 

  (i)

Measurement of fair value

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.

 

  i)

Current assets and liabilities

The carrying amounts approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

 

  ii)

Trade receivables and other receivables

The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated as the present value of future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes. The carrying amounts of current receivables approximate their fair value.

 

  iii)

Investments in equity and debt securities

The fair value of marketable financial assets at FVTPL and FVOCI is determined by reference to their quoted closing bid price at the reporting date. The fair value of non-marketable instruments is determined using the results of fair value assessment performed by external valuation institution and others.

 

  iv)

Non-derivative financial liabilities

Fair value, which is determined for disclosure purposes, except for the liabilities at FVTPL, is calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (e)

Determination of fair value, Continued

 

  (ii)

Fair values versus carrying amounts

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                           
     December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  
     Carrying
amounts
     Fair values     Carrying
amounts
     Fair values  

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

          

Cash and cash equivalents

   W 3,336,003        ( *)      2,365,022        ( *) 

Deposits in banks

     78,768        ( *)      78,411        ( *) 

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     3,154,080        ( *)      2,829,163        ( *) 

Non-trade receivables

     463,614        ( *)      159,238        ( *) 

Accrued income

     10,434        ( *)      10,075        ( *) 

Deposits

     31,036        ( *)      91,123        ( *) 

Short-term loans

     21,623        ( *)      16,116        ( *) 

Long-term loans

     40,827        ( *)      55,048        ( *) 

Long-term non-trade receivables

     9,072        ( *)      11,448        ( *) 

Lease receivables

     27,794        ( *)      —          —    

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

          

Equity instruments

   W 9,879        9,879       13,681        13,681  

Convertible bonds

     1,544        1,544       1,327        1,327  

Derivatives

     49,676        49,676       13,059        13,059  

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

          

Debt instruments

   W 76        76       161        161  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

          

Derivatives

   W 20,592        20,592       25,758        25,758  

Convertible bonds

     858,385        858,385       —          —    

Financial liabilities carried at amortized cost

          

Borrowings

   W 10,329,671        10,394,498       6,226,520        6,281,996  

Bonds

     2,292,833        2,345,867       2,332,257        2,384,987  

Trade accounts and notes payable

     2,618,261        ( *)      3,087,461        ( *) 

Other accounts payable

     4,397,121        ( *)      3,566,629        ( *) 

Long-term other accounts payable

     1,069        ( *)      3,103        ( *) 

Security deposits received

     11,000        ( *)      10,955        ( *) 

Lease liabilities

     88,512        ( *)      —          —    

 

(*)

Excluded from disclosures as the carrying amount approximates fair value.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (e)

Determination of fair value, Continued

 

  (iii)

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

 

  i)

Fair value hierarchy

The table below analyzes financial instruments carried at fair value based on the input variables used in the valuation method to measure fair value of assets and liabilities. The different levels have been defined as follows:

 

   

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

 

   

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly

 

   

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data

 

  ii)

Financial instruments measured at fair value

Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial instruments that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

           

Equity instruments

   W —          —          9,879        9,879  

Convertible bonds

     —          —          1,544        1,544  

Derivatives

     —          —          49,676        49,676  

Financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income

           

Debt instruments

   W 76        —          —          76  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

           

Derivatives

   W —          —          20,592        20,592  

Convertible bonds

     858,385        —          —          858,385  
(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

           

Equity instruments

   W —          —          13,681        13,681  

Convertible bonds

     —          —          1,327        1,327  

Derivatives

     —          —          13,059        13,059  

Financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income

           

Debt instruments

   W 161        —          —          161  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

           

Derivatives

   W —          —          25,758        25,758  

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (e)

Determination of fair value, Continued

 

  iii)

Financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed

Fair value hierarchy classifications, valuation technique and inputs for fair value measurements of the financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      Valuation
technique
   Input

Classification

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Liabilities

              

Borrowings

   W —          —          10,394,498      Discounted cash
flow
   Discount
rate

Bonds

     —          —          2,345,867      Discounted cash
flow
   Discount
rate
(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018      Valuation
technique
   Input

Classification

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Liabilities

              

Borrowings

   W —          —          6,281,996      Discounted cash
flow
   Discount
rate

Bonds

     —          —          2,384,987      Discounted cash
flow
   Discount
rate

The interest rates applied for determination of the above fair value at the reporting date are as follows:

 

     December 31, 2019   December 31, 2018

Borrowings, bonds and others

   1.87~3.56%   2.09~3.37%

 

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27.

Leases

Refer to accounting policies in Note 3(l).

 

  (a)

Leases as lessee

The Group leases buildings, vehicles, machinery and equipment and others. Information about leases for which the Group is a lessee is presented below.

 

  (i)

Right-of-use assets

Right-of-use assets are presented as property, plant and equipment. (See Note 9(a))

 

(In millions of won)                                     
     Buildings
and
structures
    Land     Machinery
and equipment
    Vehicles     Others     Total  

Balance at January 1, 2019

   W 75,777       53,960       1,111       10,800       392       142,040  

Addition

     19,743       1,890       2,882       4,971       247       29,733  

Depreciation

     (39,376     (2,272     (1,305     (7,760     (350     (51,063

Derecognition of right-of-use assets

     (3,056     —         (538     —         —         (3,594

Impairment

     (248     (3,833     (20     (193     (8     (4,302

Gain or loss on foreign currency translation

     373       9       17       30       7       436  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

   W 53,213       49,754       2,147       7,848       288       113,250  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (ii)

Amounts recognized in profit or loss other than right-of-use assets

 

(In millions of won)       
     December 31, 2019  

Interest on lease liabilities

   W (4,085

Income from sub-leasing right-of-use assets

     1,079  

Expenses relating to short-term leases

     (1,783

Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets

     (1,188

 

  (iii)

Lease liabilities

 

(In millions of won)       
     December 31, 2019  

Balance at January 1, 2019

   W 115,119  

Additions

     33,878  

Interest expense

     4,085  

Repayment of liabilities

     (64,570
  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

   W 88,512  
  

 

 

 

 

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27.

Leases, Continued

 

  (b)

Leases as lessor

During 2019, the Group sub-leased certain right of use assets and classified them as finance leases. During 2019, the Group recognized a gain of W3,390 million on derecognition of the right-of-use assets pertaining to buildings, machinery and equipment and presented the gain as gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment.

The Group recognized interest income on lease receivables of W1,079 million.

The following table sets out a maturity analysis of lease receivables, showing the undiscounted lease payments to be received after the reporting date. Under K-IFRS No. 1017, the Group did not have any finance leases as a lessor.

 

(In millions of won)       
     December 31, 2019  

6 months or less

   W 3,282  

6-12 months

     3,282  

1-2 years

     6,563  

2-5 years

     16,956  

Total undiscounted lease receivable

     30,083  

Unearned finance income

     (2,289

Net Investment in the lease

     27,794  

 

28.

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                              
     January 1,
2019
     Cash flows
from
financing
activities
    Non-cash transactions      December 31,
2019
 
    Reclassification     Gain or loss on
foreign currency
translation
    Effective interest
adjustment
     Others  

Short-term borrowings

   W —          686,097       —         10,696       —          —          696,793  

Current portion of long-term borrowings and bonds

     1,553,907        (1,567,818     1,237,344       18,887       584        —          1,242,904  

Long-term borrowings

     5,232,271        4,341,087       (827,883     54,202       —          —          8,799,677  

Bonds

     1,772,599        1,323,251       (409,461     (20,351     10,568        64,910        2,741,516  

Lease liabilities

     115,119        (64,570     —         1,849       4,085        32,029        88,512  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 8,673,896        4,718,047       —         65,283       15,237        96,939        13,569,402  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others

 

  (a)

Related parties

Related parties as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

Classification

  

Description

Associates(*)    Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. and others

Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

   LG Electronics Inc.

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

   Subsidiaries of LG Electronics Inc.

 

(*)

Details of associates are described in Note 8.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (b)

Significant transactions such as sales of goods and purchases of raw material and outsourcing service and others, which occurred in the normal course of business with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019  
     Sales and
others
            Purchase and others  
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of
raw material
and others
     Acquisition of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

Associates and their subsidiaries

                 

INVENIA Co., Ltd.(*1)

   W —          180        1,024        45,580        —          297  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.

     2,639        265        —          —          73,323        891  

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

     —          6,057        342,958        —          —          4,416  

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

     —          —          6,441        —          —          5  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     —          1,000        6,764        102,316        —          3,655  

Material Science Co., Ltd.

     —          —          59        —          —          313  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,639        7,502        357,246        147,896        73,323        9,577  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

                 

LG Electronics Inc.

   W 947,409        —          13,240        815,629        —          153,212  

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

                 

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd.

   W 87,116        —          —          —          —          194  

LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     277,743        —          —          3,019        —          924  

LG Electronics Nanjing New Technology Co., Ltd.

     297,033        —          —          31        —          486  

LG Electronics RUS, LLC

     100,894        —          —          —          —          1,972  

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2019  
     Sales and
others
            Purchase and others  
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of raw
material and
others
     Acquisition of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

LG Electronics do Brasil Ltda.

   W 145,546        —          —          —          —          289  

LG Innotek Co., Ltd.

     7,572        —          53,886        —          —          79,162  

Qingdao LG Inspur Digital Communication Co., Ltd.

     22,563        —          —          —          —          —    

Inspur LG Digital Mobile Communications Co., Ltd.

     41,858        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Electronics Mexicalli, S.A. DE C.V.

     114,520        —          —          —          —          85  

LG Electronics Mlawa Sp. z o.o.

     618,715        —          —          —          —          1,967  

LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd.(*2)

     —          —          —          79,986        —          —    

LG Electronics Reynosa, S.A. DE C.V.

     722,194        —          —          —          —          1,155  

LG Electronics Air-Conditioning (Shandong) Co., Ltd.

     —          —          444        14,527        —          88  

HiEntech Co., Ltd.(*2)

     47        —          —          7,264        —          21,576  

HiEntech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.(*2)

     —          —          —          32,335        —          15,423  

LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E.

     97,359        —          —          —          —          241  

LG Electronics Alabama Inc.

     12,869        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Electronics Japan, Inc.

     —          —          —          14        —          6,236  

P.T. LG Electronics Indonesia

     11,200        —          —          —          —          176  

Others

     12,564        —          —          33        —          6,996  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,569,793        —          54,330        137,209        —          136,970  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,519,841        7,502        424,816        1,100,734        73,323        299,759  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Represents transactions occurred prior to the Group’s disposal of the entire investments

(*2)

Represents transactions occurred prior to LG Electronics Inc.’s disposal of the entire investments.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2018  
     Sales and
others
            Purchase and others  
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of raw
material and
others
     Acquisition of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

Associates and their subsidiaries

                 

INVENIA Co., Ltd.

   W —          30        1,608        58,111        —          896  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.

     —          530        —          —          71,403        905  

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

     —          4,172        364,183        —          —          4,411  

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

     —          —          58        —          —          144  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     —          —          5,281        143,192        —          3,391  

LB Gemini New Growth Fund No. 16(*)

     1,112        540        —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,112        5,272        371,130        201,303        71,403        9,747  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

                 

LG Electronics Inc.

   W 1,215,153        —          36,522        1,041,563        —          127,775  

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

                 

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd.

   W 71,798        —          —          —          —          103  

LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     173,051        —          —          4,541        —          166  

LG Electronics Nanjing New Technology Co., Ltd.

     223,524        —          —          424        —          1,528  

LG Electronics RUS, LLC

     106,631        —          —          —          —          2,673  

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2018  
     Sales and
others
            Purchase and others  
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of raw
material and
others
     Acquisition of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

LG Electronics do Brasil Ltda.

   W 192,775        —          —          —          —          350  

LG Innotek Co., Ltd.

     29,267        —          147,453        —          —          39,136  

Qingdao LG Inspur Digital Communication Co., Ltd.

     37,738        —          —          —          —          —    

Inspur LG Digital Mobile Communications Co., Ltd.

     131,970        —          —          —          —          1  

LG Electronics Mexicalli, S.A. DE C.V.

     187,844        —          —          —          —          210  

LG Electronics Mlawa Sp. z o.o.

     740,784        —          —          —          —          631  

LG Electronics Taiwan Taipei Co., Ltd.

     12,746        —          —          —          —          330  

LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd.

     9,100        —          —          304,365        —          8,980  

LG Electronics Reynosa, S.A. DE C.V.

     1,030,414        —          —          —          —          2,021  

LG Electronics Almaty Kazakhstan

     3,759        —          —          —          —          42  

LG Electronics Air-Conditioning (Shandong) Co., Ltd.

     —          —          330        26,871        —          7,264  

HiEntech Co., Ltd.

     —          —          —          22,378        —          29,215  

Hientech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.

     —          —          —          92,900        —          23,880  

LG Electronics S.A. (Pty) Ltd.

     7,244        —          —          —          —          20  

LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E.

     25,491        —          —          —          —          16  

Others

     5,195        —          28        15        —          11,480  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,989,331        —          147,811        451,494        —          128,046  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 4,205,596        5,272        555,463        1,694,360        71,403        265,568  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents transactions occurred prior to the Group’s disposal of the entire investments.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (c)

Trade accounts and notes receivable and payable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     Trade accounts and notes
receivable and others
     Trade accounts and notes
payable and others
 
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Associates

           

INVENIA Co., Ltd.(*)

     —          2,000        —          30,179  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.

     —          —          1,029        4,382  

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

     —          —          62,853        60,566  

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

     —          —          1,888        7  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     —          —          27,489        6,145  

Material Science Co., Ltd.

     —          —          8        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W —          2,000        93,267        101,279  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

           

LG Electronics Inc.

   W 209,939        247,679        157,713        430,677  

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company

           

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd.

   W 6,113        9,047        —          29  

LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     47,740        25,544        75        —    

LG Electronics Nanjing New Technology Co., Ltd.

     55,343        43,463        49        139  

LG Electronics RUS, LLC

     17,600        22,570        83        90  

LG Electronics do Brasil Ltda.

     14,805        15,608        26        62  

LG Innotek Co., Ltd.

     267        2,885        36,426        47,382  

LG Electronics Mexicali, S.A. DE C.V.

   W 11,195        15,305        17        —    

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)       
     Trade accounts and notes
receivable and others
     Trade accounts and notes
payable and others
 
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

LG Electronics Mlawa Sp. z o.o.

   W 124,390        70,236        75        33  

LG Electronics Reynosa, S.A. DE C.V.

     82,927        69,189        62        134  

LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E.

     9,432        10,296        —          —    

Qingdao LG Inspur Digital Communication Co., Ltd.

     7,221        3,530        —          —    

P.T. LG Electronics Indonesia

     7,696        —          16        —    

Others

     2,452        27,535        3,548        102,486  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 387,181        315,208        40,377        150,355  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 597,120        564,887        291,357        682,311  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Excluded from related parties due to the Group’s disposal of equity investments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (d)

Details of significant cash transactions such as grant of loans and collection of loans, which occurred in the normal course of business with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)  
     Loans(*1)  

Associates

   January 1,
2019
     Increase      Decrease(*2)     December 31,
2019
 

INVENIA Co., Ltd.

   W 2,000        1,000        (3,000     —    

 

(*1)

Loans are presented based on nominal amounts.

(*2)

Excluded from related parties due to disposal of equity investments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

(In millions of won)  
     Loans(*)  

Associates

   January 1,
2018
     Increase      Decrease      December 31,
2018
 

INVENIA Co., Ltd.

   W 2,375        —          (375      2,000  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     375        —          (375      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,750        —          (750      2,000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Loans are presented based on nominal amounts.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (e)

Conglomerate Transactions

Transactions, trade accounts and notes receivable and payable, and others between the Group and certain companies and their subsidiaries, which are included in LG Group, one of conglomerates according to the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows. These entities are not related parties according to K-IFRS No. 1024, Related Party Disclosures.

 

(In millions of won)

 

     For the year ended
December 31, 2019
     December 31, 2019  
     Sales
and others
     Purchase
and others
     Trade accounts and
notes receivable

and others
     Trade accounts and
notes payable and
others
 

LG International Corp. and its subsidiaries

   W 625,609        425,895        93,623        77,721  

LG Uplus Corp.

     —          2,358        —          208  

LG Chem Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     82,565        1,123,633        97        128,636  

S&I Corp. and its subsidiaries (formerly, Serveone)

     867        739,722        21,307        159,202  

Silicon Works Co., Ltd.

     92        713,484        —          126,856  

LG Corp.

     —          55,059        8,781        —    

LG Management Development Institute

     —          8,606        3,480        231  

LG CNS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     20        253,056        2        75,850  

LG Hausys Ltd.

     3        1        —          —    

LG Household & Health Care and its subsidiaries

     1        214        —          6  

LG Holdings Japan Co., Ltd.

     —          2,056        2,264        —    

G2R Inc. and its subsidiaries

     —          74,830        —          29,540  

Robostar Co., Ltd.

     —          11,384        —          2,332  

Others(*)

     16        234,121        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 709,173        3,644,419        129,554        600,582  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Due to S&I Corp.’s disposal of partial investments in Serveone in May 2019, Serveone was reclassified from one of the S&I Corp.’s subsidiaries to associates. Accordingly, transactions with S&I Corp. after the disposal are classified as others. In addition, due to LG Electronics Inc.’s disposal of entire investments in HiEntech Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries and LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd. in September 2019, transactions after the disposal are presented as others.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)

 

     For the year ended
December 31, 2018
     December 31, 2018  
     Sales and
others
     Purchase
and others
     Trade accounts and
notes receivable

and others
     Trade accounts and
notes payable and
others
 

LG International Corp. and its subsidiaries

   W 715,835        578,153        83,011        146,836  

LG Uplus Corp.

     21        1,745        —          178  

LG Chem Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     1,648        1,233,945        173        184,357  

Serveone and its subsidiaries

     401        1,928,820        21,307        510,132  

Silicon Works Co., Ltd.

     —          713,093        —          140,694  

LG Corp.

     —          54,434        11,246        —    

LG Management Development Institute

     —          9,734        3,480        441  

LG CNS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     —          278,330        1        95,703  

LG Hausys Ltd.

     1,111        4        —          3  

LG Household & Health Care and its subsidiaries

     1        118        —          —    

LG Holdings Japan Co., Ltd.

     —          1,836        2,037        —    

G2R Inc. and its subsidiaries

     —          60,978        —          19,773  

Robostar Co., Ltd.

     —          3,616        —          2,723  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 719,017        4,864,806        121,255        1,100,840  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (f)

Key management personnel compensation

Compensation costs of key management for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Short-term benefits

   W 2,664        2,622  

Expenses related to the defined benefit plan

     553        794  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,217        3,416  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Key management refers to the registered directors who have significant control and responsibilities over the Controlling Company’s operations and business.

 

30.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)             
     2019     2018  

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

    

Changes in other accounts payable arising from the purchase of property, plant and equipment

   W (1,333,967     516,734  

Recognition of right of use assets and lease liabilities

     29,733       —    

 

31.

Non-current Assets Held for Sale

In prior years, the Group decided to dispose certain tangible assets of LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o. based on the management’s approval and began effort to sell the disposal group. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Group completed the sale of these assets to LG Chem Poland Sp. z o.o.

Gain from disposal of non-current assets held for sale amount to W8,353 million and was recognized as other non-operating income.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Separate Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

(With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

 

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Contents

 

     Page  

Independent Auditors’ Report

     161  

Separate Statements of Financial Position

     165  

Separate Statements of Comprehensive Loss

     166  

Separate Statements of Changes in Equity

     167  

Separate Statements of Cash Flows

     168  

Notes to the Separate Financial Statements

     170  

Independent Auditors’ Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

  

Report on the Operation of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

  

 

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Independent Auditors’ Report

Based on a report originally issued in Korean

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

LG Display Co., Ltd.:

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying separate financial statements of LG Display Co., Ltd. (the “Company”), which comprise the separate statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related separate statements of comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the separate financial statements comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

In our opinion, the accompanying separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the separate financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and its separate financial performance and its separate cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”).

We also have audited, in accordance with the Standards on Auditing, the Company’s Internal Control over Financial Reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting issued by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Korea, and our report dated March 11, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the separate financial statements in the Republic of Korea, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the separate financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the separate financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

 

(i)

Assessment of impairment of non-financial assets including goodwill

As discussed in Notes 3 (k), 9 and 10, the Company’s non-financial assets, including goodwill amounts to W13,472,222 million as of December 31, 2019. Due to the significant changes in the Company’s business during 2019, the Company determined that a change in its cash generating units (“CGU”) is appropriate. As a result, the Company’s CGU was changed from a single CGU to three CGUs, namely Display, Display (AD PO) and Lighting, with goodwill allocated to Display and Lighting CGUs, respectively. For CGUs to which goodwill is allocated, the Company performs impairment test on an annual basis regardless of whether an indicator for impairment exists. For CGUs to which goodwill is not allocated, the Company performs impairment test when there is an indication of impairment. The recoverable amount used in impairment tests as of December 31, 2019 is value in use based on discounted cash flow model which uses the expected future cash flows including assumptions that involved a high degree of management judgment. In 2019, the Company recognized impairment losses of W1,004,229 million and W230,867 million for the Display (AD PO) CGU and Lighting CGU, respectively.

 

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We identified the assessment of impairment of non-financial assets including goodwill as a key audit matter. Determination of change in CGUs as well as allocation of assets among different CGUs require management’s significant judgment. In addition, for the CGUs of Display and Display (AD PO), revenue and operating expense forecasts over the period which management projected, growth rates for subsequent years (“terminal growth rate”) and discount rate used to estimate value in use were challenging to test as minor changes to those assumptions would have a significant effect on the Company’s assessment whether goodwill and machinery and equipment were impaired.

The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included:

 

   

We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s non-current assets impairment assessment process, including controls related to determination of cash generating units, and the development of revenue and operating expenses forecast, terminal growth rate and discount rate assumptions.

 

   

We evaluated the factors considered in the Company’s determination of CGUs against supporting evidence.

 

   

We verified the accuracy of allocation of Company’s assets including corporate assets and goodwill to each CGU.

 

   

We compared the Company’s historical revenue forecasts to actual results to assess the Company’s ability to accurately forecast.

 

   

We evaluated the revenue forecasts and operating expense used to determine the value in use by comparison with the financial budgets approved by the board of directors.

 

   

We performed sensitivity analysis over the terminal growth rate and discount rate assumptions to assess their impact on the Company’s impairment assessment.

 

   

We involved our valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted us in evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model used by management, the discount rate by checking the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates, and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.

 

(ii)

Assessment of recoverability of deferred tax assets

As discussed in Note 24 to the separate financial statements, the Company had W1,367,714 million of deferred tax assets and W549,056 million of unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2019. The deferred tax assets arise primarily due to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as, unused tax losses and tax credit carryforwards. The assessment of the realizability of these deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income of the Company. Changes in assumptions regarding forecasted taxable income could have a significant impact on the amount of deferred tax assets recognized and unrecognized tax benefit.

We identified the assessment of the realizability of the deferred tax assets as a key audit matter because it involves high degree of subjective auditor judgment in assessing the significant assumptions and judgments that are reflected in estimating future taxable profits over the periods in which the above mentioned differences become deductible, or within the periods before the unused tax losses and tax credit forwards expire. This subjectivity is primarily driven by the Company’s assumptions in revenue and operating expense, which are used to estimate the forecasted taxable income in the future.

 

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The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included:

 

   

We tested certain internal controls relating to the Company’s deferred tax assets realizability assessment process, including controls related to the development of assumptions in determining the forecasted taxable income for each year.

 

   

We evaluated the Company’s estimates of revenue and operating expense, by comparing them with the financial budgets approved by the board of directors and historical performance.

 

   

We compared the forecasts of taxable income and timing of utilization of deferred tax assets in prior year to actual results to assess the Company’s ability to accurately forecast.

 

   

We also evaluated the Company’s history of realizing deferred tax assets by evaluating the expiration of unused tax losses.

 

   

We involved tax professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in assessing the Company’s tax adjustments and feasibility of planned tax strategies affecting deferred tax.

Other matter

The procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such separate financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Separate Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these separate financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing these separate financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether theses separate financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance’ is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these separate financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

 

   

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the separate financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations or the override of internal control.

 

   

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances.

 

   

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

 

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Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, then we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the separate financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

 

   

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the separate financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the separate financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the separate financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors’ report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditors’ report is Sang Hyun Han.

KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

Seoul, Korea    

March 11, 2020

 

This report is effective as of March 11, 2020, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying separate financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that the above audit report has not been updated to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

 

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Separate Statements of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)    Note      December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

     4, 26      W 1,105,245        473,283  

Deposits in banks

     4, 26        77,257        77,200  

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     5, 14, 26, 29        3,565,860        3,389,108  

Other accounts receivable, net

     5, 26        439,940        321,963  

Other current financial assets

     6, 26        55,665        29,281  

Inventories

     7        1,526,299        1,951,155  

Prepaid income tax

        111,129        —    

Other current assets

     5        199,833        136,349  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

        7,081,228        6,378,339  

Deposits in banks

     4, 26        11        11  

Investments

     8        4,958,308        3,602,214  

Other non-current accounts receivable, net

     5, 26        19,899        25,823  

Other non-current financial assets

     6, 26        74,203        77,192  

Property, plant and equipment, net

     9, 27        12,764,175        14,984,564  

Intangible assets, net

     10        708,047        816,808  

Deferred tax assets

     24        1,367,714        851,936  

Employee benefits assets

     12        127,252        —    

Other non-current assets

     5        281,843        325,219  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

        20,301,452        20,683,767  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

      W 27,382,680        27,062,106  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

        

Trade accounts and notes payable

     26, 29      W 2,682,403        3,186,123  

Current financial liabilities

     11, 26, 27        1,474,589        1,044,841  

Other accounts payable

     26        3,329,040        1,746,412  

Accrued expenses

        520,395        516,970  

Income tax payable

        —          17,404  

Provisions

     13        188,238        96,555  

Advances received

     14        898,447        780,906  

Other current liabilities

     13        47,371        27,419  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

        9,140,483        7,416,630  

Non-current financial liabilities

     11, 26, 27        7,094,405        5,139,476  

Non-current provisions

     13        67,118        32,764  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

     12        —          44,187  

Long-term advances received

     14        328,677        1,122,015  

Other non-current liabilities

     13        85,904        94,453  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

        7,576,104        6,432,895  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

        16,716,587        13,849,525  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity

        

Share capital

     15        1,789,079        1,789,079  

Share premium

        2,251,113        2,251,113  

Retained earnings

     16        6,625,901        9,172,389  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total equity

        10,666,093        13,212,581  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

      W 27,382,680        27,062,106  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Separate Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won, except earnings per share)    Note    2019     2018  

Revenue

   17, 29    W 21,658,329       22,371,687  

Cost of sales

   7, 18, 29      (20,834,648     (20,439,681
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

        823,681       1,932,006  

Selling expenses

   19      (728,695     (519,804

Administrative expenses

   19      (674,650     (678,861

Research and development expenses

        (1,204,581     (1,206,336
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating loss

        (1,784,245     (472,995
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Finance income

   22      204,966       148,301  

Finance costs

   22      (371,856     (129,652

Other non-operating income

   21      835,514       541,547  

Other non-operating expenses

   21      (2,229,160     (577,007
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

        (3,344,781     (489,806

Income tax benefit

   23      (704,888     (47,515
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss for the period

        (2,639,893     (442,291
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss)

       

Items that will never be reclassified to profit or loss

       

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities

   12, 23      128,640       5,690  

Related income tax

   12, 23      (35,235     (1,169
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income for the period, net of income tax

        93,405       4,521  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the period

      W (2,546,488     (437,770
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss per share (In won)

       

Basic and diluted loss per share

   25    W (7,378     (1,236
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Separate Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)    Share capital      Share
premium
     Retained
earnings
    Total equity  

Balances at January 1, 2018

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        9,789,067       13,829,259  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the period

          

Loss for the period

     —          —          (442,291     (442,291

Other comprehensive income (loss)

          

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, net of tax

     —          —          4,521       4,521  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the period

   W —          —          (437,770     (437,770
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity

          

Dividends to shareholders

     —          —          (178,908     (178,908
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2018

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        9,172,389       13,212,581  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances at January 1, 2019

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        9,172,389       13,212,581  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the period

          

Loss for the period

     —          —          (2,639,893     (2,639,893

Other comprehensive income (loss)

          

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, net of tax

     —          —          93,405       93,405  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the period

   W —          —          (2,546,488     (2,546,488
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2019

   W 1,789,079        2,251,113        6,625,901       10,666,093  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Separate Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)   

Note

   2019     2018  

Cash flows from operating activities:

       

Loss for the period

      W (2,639,893     (442,291

Adjustments for:

       

Income tax benefit

   23      (704,888     (47,515

Depreciation and amortization

   9, 10, 18      2,549,770       2,392,768  

Gain on foreign currency translation

        (60,963     (38,724

Loss on foreign currency translation

        140,683       102,689  

Expenses related to defined benefit plans

   12, 20      161,056       178,274  

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        (54,756     (42,864

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        25,851       8,615  

Impairment loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

        1,140,760       43,601  

Gain on disposal of intangible assets

        (552     (239

Loss on disposal of intangible assets

        18       —    

Impairment loss on intangible assets

        240,816       82  

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

        (960     (348

Expense on increase of provisions

        366,771       207,892  

Finance income

        (172,260     (145,293

Finance costs

        331,475       119,915  

Other income

        (20,432     (3,400

Other expenses

        9,078       612  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
        3,951,467       2,776,065  

Changes in

       

Trade accounts and notes receivable

        (830,210     1,110,769  

Other accounts receivable

        (66,057     21,444  

Inventories

        424,856       (355,858

Other current assets

        (14,579     101,812  

Other non-current assets

        (37,761     (65,166

Trade accounts and notes payable

        (447,803     828,112  

Other accounts payable

        2,115,555       (223,707

Accrued expenses

        (23,461     (249,579

Provisions

        (240,734     (190,317

Other current liabilities

        (208,033     53,017  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

        (63,855     (222,932

Long-term advances received

        63,672       957,717  

Other non-current liabilities

        7,174       25,745  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
        678,764       1,791,057  

Cash generated from operating activities

        1,990,338       4,124,831  

Income taxes refunded (paid)

        25,342       (313,867

Interests received

        13,481       19,592  

Interests paid

        (236,936     (145,082
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

      W 1,792,225       3,685,474  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.

 

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

Separate Statements of Cash Flows, Continued

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

 

(In millions of won)   

Note

   2019     2018  

Cash flows from investing activities:

       

Dividends received

      W 18,622       24,136  

Increase in deposits in banks

        (114,257     (275,700

Proceeds from withdrawal of deposits in banks

        114,200       778,915  

Acquisition of financial asset at fair value through profit or loss

        —         (286

Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

        (21     —    

Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

        107       6  

Acquisition of investments

        (1,224,836     (192,611

Proceeds from disposal of investments

        16,738       4,527  

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

        (2,173,535     (5,548,289

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

        384,506       201,222  

Acquisition of intangible assets

        (511,661     (466,496

Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets

        2,349       960  

Government grants received

        3,979       1,210  

Receipt from settlement of derivatives

        21,752       2,026  

Proceeds from collection of short-term loans

        19,881       11,058  

Increase in short-term loans

        (8,725     (7,700

Increase in long-term loans

        (6,465     (36,580

Increase in deposits

        (4,949     (348

Decrease in deposits

        5,244       569  

Proceeds from disposal of emission rights

        20,416       10,200  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

        (3,436,655     (5,493,181
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

   28     

Proceeds from short-term borrowings

        1,264,915       552,164  

Repayments of short-term borrowings

        (928,335     (552,884

Proceeds from issuance of bonds

        1,323,251       828,169  

Proceeds from long-term borrowings

        1,669,148       2,489,560  

Repayments of current portion of long-term borrowings and bonds

        (1,043,649     (1,425,395

Payment guarantee fee received

        5,068       1,876  

Repayments of lease liabilities

        (14,006     —    

Dividends paid

        —         (178,908
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

        2,276,392       1,714,582  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

        631,962       (93,125

Cash and cash equivalents at January 1

        473,283       566,408  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31

      W 1,105,245       473,283  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to the separate interim financial statements.

 

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1.

Organization and Description of Business

LG Display Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated in February 1985 and the Company is a public corporation listed in the Korea Exchange since 2004. The main business of the Company is to manufacture and sell displays and its related products. As of December 31, 2019, the Company is operating Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (“TFT-LCD”) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (“OLED”) panel manufacturing plants in Gumi, Paju and China and TFT-LCD and OLED module manufacturing plants in Gumi, Paju, China and Vietnam. The Company is domiciled in the Republic of Korea with its address at 128 Yeouidae-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea. As of December 31, 2019, LG Electronics Inc., a major shareholder of the Company, owns 37.9% (135,625,000 shares) of the Company’s common stock.

The Company’s common stock is listed on the Korea Exchange under the identifying code 034220. As of December 31, 2019, there are 357,815,700 shares of common stock outstanding. The Company’s common stock is also listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depository Shares (“ADSs”) under the symbol “LPL”. One ADS represents one-half of one share of common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there are 19,545,920 ADSs outstanding.

 

2.

Basis of Presenting Financial Statements

 

  (a)

Statement of Compliance

In accordance with the Act on External Audits of Stock Companies, Etc., these separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”).

These financial statements are separate financial statements prepared in accordance with K-IFRS No.1027, Separate Financial Statements, presented by a parent, an investor in an associate or a venture in a joint ventures, in which the investments are accounted for on the basis of the direct equity interest rather than on the basis of the reported results and net assets of the investees.

The separate financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on January 30, 2020, which will be submitted for approval to the shareholders’ meeting to be held on March 20, 2020.

 

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2.

Basis of Presenting Financial Statements, Continued

 

  (b)

Basis of Measurement

The separate financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the separate statement of financial position:

 

   

derivative financial instruments at fair value, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss(“FVTPL”), financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss(“FVTPL”), and

 

   

net defined benefit liabilities (employee benefits assets) recognized at the present value of defined benefit obligations less the fair value of plan assets

 

  (c)

Functional and Presentation Currency

The separate financial statements are presented in Korean won, which is the Company’s functional currency.

 

  (d)

Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the separate financial statements in conformity with K-IFRSs requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the separate financial statements is included in the following notes:

 

   

Financial instruments (Note 3(f))

 

   

Intangible assets (Note 3(k), 10)

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next 12 months is included in the following notes:

 

   

Provisions (Note 3(m), 13)

 

   

Inventories (Note 3(e), 7)

 

   

Property, plant and equipment (Note 9)

 

   

Intangible assets (Note 10)

 

   

Employee benefits (Note 12)

 

   

Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Note 24)

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of its separate financial statements are as follows:

 

  (a)

Changes in Accounting Policies

The Company has initially applied K-IFRS No. 1116, Leases, from January 1, 2019. A number of other new standards are effective from January 1, 2019 but they do not have a material effect on the Company’s separate financial statements.

In application of K-IFRS No. 1116, Leases, from January 1, 2019, the Company used the modified retrospective approach, under which right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized in equal amount. Accordingly, the comparative information presented for 2018 is presented, as previously reported, under K-IFRS No. 1017 and relative interpretations. The disclosure requirements in K-IFRS No. 1116 have not been applied to comparative information. The details of the changes in accounting policies are disclosed below.

 

  i)

Definition of a lease

Previously, the Company determined at contract inception whether an arrangement was or contained a lease under K-IFRS No. 2104, Determining Whether an Arrangement contains a Lease. For contracts entered into or changed on or after January 1, 2019, the Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on the definition of a lease under K-IFRS No. 1116 as described in Note 27.

On adoption of K-IFRS No. 1116, as of January 1, 2019, the Company applied the practical expedient to grandfather the assessment of which transactions are leases for existing contracts. The Company applied K-IFRS No. 1116 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases.

 

  ii)

Accounting as a lessee

As a lessee, the Company leases buildings, vehicles, machinery, equipment and others. The Company previously classified leases as operating or finance leases based on its assessment of whether the lease transferred significantly all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset to the Company. Under K-IFRS No. 1116, the Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most of these leases on the separate statement of financial position.

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone price.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (a)

Changes in Accounting Policies, Continued

 

Leases classified as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017

The Company classified its leases of buildings, vehicles, machinery, equipment and others as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017. On adoption of K-IFRS No. 1116, for these leases, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019 (see Note 27). Right-of-use assets are measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid lease payments.

The Company used following practical expedients when applying K-IFRS No. 1116 to leases previously classified as operating leases under K-IFRS No. 1017:

 

   

did not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases for which the lease term ends within 12 months of the date of initial application;

 

   

did not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases of low value assets;

 

   

excluded initial direct costs from the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application; and

 

   

used hindsight when determining the remaining lease term.

 

  iii)

Accounting as a lessor

The Company leases out its own property and right-of-use assets. The Company classified these leases as operating leases or finance leases based on their characteristics.

 

  iv)

Impact on the separate financial statements

Impacts on adoption

On adoption of K-IFRS No. 1116, the Company recognized additional right-of-use assets and additional lease liabilities as below.

 

(In millions of won)    January 1, 2019  
Right-of-use assets presented in property, plant and equipment    W 16,332  

Lease liabilities

     16,332  

When measuring lease liabilities at January 1, 2019 for leases that were classified as operating leases in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1017, the Company discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019. The weighted-average discount rate applied is 2.96%.

 

(In millions of won)    January 1,
2019
 
Amount of operating lease commitments at December 31, 2018    W 18,244  
Discounted using the incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019      16,558  
Finance lease liabilities recognized as at December 31, 2018      —    

— Recognition exemption for lease of low-value assets

     (115

— Recognition exemption for leases with less than 12 months of

lease term at adoption

     (111

Lease liabilities recognized at January 1, 2019

     16,332  

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (b)

Interest in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

These separate financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with K-IFRS No.1027, Separate Financial Statements. The Company applied the cost method to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. Dividends from subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures are recognized in profit or loss when the right to receive the dividend is established.

 

  (c)

Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency of the Company at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was originally determined. Foreign currency differences arising on retranslation are recognized in profit or loss, except for differences arising on an investment in equity securities designated as at FVOCI and a financial asset and liability designated as a cash flow hedge, which are recognized in other comprehensive income. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Foreign currency differences arising from assets and liabilities in relation to the investing and financing activities including loans, bonds and cash and cash equivalents are recognized in finance income (costs) in the separate statement of comprehensive income (loss) and foreign currency differences arising from assets and liabilities in relation to activities other than investing and financing activities are recognized in other non-operating income (expense) in the separate statement of comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency differences are presented in gross amounts in the separate statement of comprehensive income (loss).

 

  (d)

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash.

 

  (e)

Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted-average method, and includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated selling expenses. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-process, cost includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on the actual capacity of production facilities. However, the normal capacity is used for the allocation of fixed production overheads if the actual level of production is lower than the normal capacity.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments

 

  (i)

Non-derivative financial assets

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets are recognized in statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

Classification and subsequent measurement

 

  i)

Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortized cost; FVOCI – debt investment; FVOCI – equity investments; or FVTPL. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the subsequent reporting period following the change in the business model.

A financial asset is measured as at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

 

   

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

 

   

it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

 

   

the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investments that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured as at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. At initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

  ii)

Financial assets: business model

The Company makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

 

   

the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice (these include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realizing cash flows through the sale of the assets);

 

   

how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Company’s management;

 

   

the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed; and

 

   

the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Transfers of financial assets to third parties in transaction that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sale for this purpose.

A financial asset that is held for trading or is managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis is measured at FVTPL.

 

  iii)

Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest

For the purpose of the assessment, “principal” is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and cost (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as profit margin.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Company considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Company considers.

 

   

contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows:

 

   

terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable-rate features;

 

   

prepayment and extension features; and

 

   

terms that limit the Company’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features)

A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest or the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract.

Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued but unpaid contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.

 

  iv)

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

 

Financial assets at FVTPL

   These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.

Financial assets at amortized cost

   These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.

Debt investments at FVOCI

   These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.

Derecognition

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows of the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or it transfers or does not retain substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred asset, and does not retain control of the transferred asset.

If the Company has retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset.

Offset

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the separate statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

  (ii)

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The Company classifies financial liabilities into two categories, financial liabilities at FVTPL and other financial liabilities in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities, and recognizes them in the separate statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL include financial liabilities held for trading or designated as such upon initial recognition at FVTPL. After initial recognition, financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of financial liabilities are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities classified as at FVTPL are classified as other financial liabilities and measured initially at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of financial liabilities. Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. As of December 31, 2019, non-derivative financial liabilities comprise borrowings, bonds, trade accounts and notes payable, other accounts payable and others.

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired.

 

  (iii)

Share Capital

The Company issued common stocks and they are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of common stocks are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of tax effects. Capital contributed in excess of par value upon issuance of common stocks is classified as share premium within equity.

 

  (iv)

Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are accounted for as described below.

Hedge Accounting

If necessary, the Company designates derivatives as hedging items to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities or firm commitments (a fair value hedge) and foreign currency risk of highly probable forecasted transactions or firm commitments (a cash flow hedge).

On initial designation of the hedge, the Company’s management formally designates and documents the relationship between the hedging instrument(s) and hedged item(s), including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction, together with the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (f)

Financial Instruments, Continued

 

  i)

Fair value hedges

Change in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge and the hedged item is recognized in profit or loss, respectively. The gain or loss from remeasuring the hedging instrument at fair value and the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in profit or loss in the same line item of the statement of comprehensive income (loss). The Company discontinues fair value hedge accounting if it does not designate the derivative hedging instrument and the hedged item as the hedge relationship between them anymore; if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or if the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting.

 

  ii)

Cash flow hedges

When a derivative designated as a cash flow hedging instrument meets the criteria of cash flow hedge accounting, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in profit or loss. The Company discontinues cash flow hedge accounting if it does not designate the derivative hedging instrument and the hedged item as the hedge relationship between them anymore; if the hedging instruments expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or if the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting. The cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument that has been recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss in the periods during which the forecasted transaction occurs. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the balance in other comprehensive income is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Embedded derivative

Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Other derivative financial instruments

Other derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value and changes of their fair value are recognized in profit or loss.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (g)

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

  (i)

Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes an expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labor, any costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item and recognized in other non-operating income or other non-operating expenses.

 

  (ii)

Subsequent costs

Subsequent expenditure on an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized as part of its cost only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in profit or loss as incurred

 

  (iii)

Depreciation

Depreciation is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, reflecting the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Company. The residual value of property, plant and equipment is zero.

Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

 

     Useful lives (years)

Buildings and structures

   20, 40

Machinery

   4, 5

Furniture and fixtures

   4

Equipment, tools and vehicles

   2, 4, 12

Right-of-use assets

   (*)

 

(*)

The Company depreciates the right-of-use assets from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term on a straight-line basis.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate and any changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

 

  (h)

Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalizes borrowing costs, which includes interests and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. To the extent that the Company borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Company immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense.

 

  (i)

Government Grants

In case there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to a government grant, the government grant is recognized as follows:

 

  (i)

Grants related to the purchase or construction of assets

A government grant related to the purchase or construction of assets is deducted in calculating the carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognized in profit or loss over the life of a depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense and cash related to grant received is presented in investing activities in the statement of cash flows.

 

  (ii)

Grants for compensating the Company’s expenses incurred

A government grant that compensates the Company for expenses incurred is recognized in profit or loss as a deduction from relevant expenses on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognized.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (i)

Government Grants, Continued

 

  (iii)

Other government grants

A government grant that becomes receivable for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or no future related costs is recognized as income of the period in which it becomes receivable.

 

  (j)

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

 

  (i)

Goodwill

Goodwill arising from business combinations is recognized as the excess of the acquisition cost of a business over the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any deficit is a bargain purchase that is recognized in profit or loss. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

 

  (ii)

Research and development

Expenditure on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, is recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Development activities involve a plan or design of the production of new or substantially improved products and processes. Development expenditure is capitalized as intangible assets only if the Company can demonstrate all of the following:

 

   

the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale,

 

   

its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it,

 

   

its ability to use or sell the intangible asset,

 

   

how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits (among other things, the Company can demonstrate the usefulness of the intangible asset by existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself if it is to be used internally),

 

   

the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset, and

 

   

its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

The expenditure capitalized includes the cost of materials, direct labor and overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use, and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.

 

  (iii)

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets include intellectual property rights, software, customer relationships, technology, memberships and others.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (j)

Intangible Assets, Continued

 

  (iv)

Subsequent costs

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific intangible asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

  (v)

Amortization

Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which condominium and golf club memberships are expected to be available for use, these intangible assets are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and not amortized.

 

     Estimated useful
lives (years)

Intellectual property rights

   5, 10

Rights to use electricity, water and gas supply facilities

   10

Software

   4

Customer relationships

   7, 10

Technology

   10

Development costs

   (*)

Condominium and golf club memberships

   Not amortized

 

(*)

Capitalized development costs are amortized over the useful lives considering the life cycle of the developed products. Amortization of capitalized development costs are recognized in research and development expenses in the separate statement of comprehensive income (loss).

Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at each financial year-end. The useful lives of intangible assets that are not being amortized are reviewed each period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. If appropriate, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

 

  (k)

Impairment

 

  (i)

Financial assets

Financial instruments and contract assets

The Company recognizes loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortized cost and debt investments at FVOCI at the ‘expected credit loss’ (ECL).

The Company recognizes a loss allowance for the life-time expected credit losses except for following, which are measured at 12-month ECLs:

 

   

debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

 

   

other debt securities and bank deposits for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (k)

Impairment, Continued

 

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECLs, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both qualitative and quantitative information and analysis, based on the Company’s historical experience and informed credit assessment including forward-looking information.

Lifetime ECLs are the ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

12-month ECLs are the portion of the ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months).

The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

Estimation of expected credit losses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured using the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows and the expected contractual cash flows. The expected credit losses are discounted using effective interest rate of the financial assets.

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting period-end, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:

 

   

significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;

 

   

the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;

 

   

it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or

 

   

the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

Presentation of loss allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognized in OCI instead of reducing the carrying amount of financial assets in the separate statement of financial position.

 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (k)

Impairment, Continued

 

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations for recovering the financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. The Company assess whether there are reasonable expectations of recovering the contractual cash flows from customers and individually assess the timing and amount of write-off. The Company expects no significant recovery from the amount written-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

 

  (ii)

Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than assets arising from employee benefits, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For goodwill, and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the recoverable amount is estimated each year.

Recoverable amount is estimated for the individual asset. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the Company determines the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The cash-generating unit (“CGU”) is the smallest group of assets that includes the asset and generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is determined as the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. Fair value less costs to sell is based on the best information available to reflect the amount that the Company could obtain from the disposal of the asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, after deducting the costs of disposal.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of a CGU are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets other than goodwill, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized from the acquisition cost. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (l)

Leases

The Company applied K-IFRS No. 1116 using the modified retrospective approach and therefore the comparative information is not restated and continues to be reported applying K-IFRS No. 1017 and K-IFRS No. 2104.

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company uses the definition of a lease in K-IFRS No. 1116.

 

  (i)

As a lessee—Policies from January 1, 2019

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone price. For certain leases, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component by applying the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components.

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at of before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Company by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company will exercise a purchase option. In that case, the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (l)

Lease, Continued

 

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

 

   

fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;

 

   

variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

 

   

amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

 

   

the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early.

The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.

When the lease liability is remeasured the Company recognizes the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognizes any remaining amount of the remeasurement in profit or loss.

The Company presents right-of-use assets in ‘property, plant and equipment’ and lease liabilities in ‘financial liabilities’ in the separate statement of financial position.

The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

  (ii)

As a lessor—Policies from January 1, 2019

When the Company acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease.

To classify each lease, the Company makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Company considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset.

When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a short-term lease to which the Company applies the exemption described above, then it classifies the sub-lease as an operating lease.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (l)

Lease, Continued

 

If an arrangement contains lease and non-lease components, then the Company applies K-IFRS No. 1115 to allocate the consideration in the contract.

At the commencement date, the Company recognizes assets held under a finance lease in its statement of financial position and present them as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and recognize finance income over the lease term, based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment in the lease.

The Company recognizes lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term as part of ‘other revenue’.

The accounting policies applicable to the Company as a lessor in the comparative period are not different from K-IFRS No. 1116.

 

  (m)

Provisions

A provision is recognized, as a result of a past event, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

The Company recognizes a liability for warranty obligations based on the estimated costs expected to be incurred under its basic limited warranty. This warranty covers defective products and is normally applicable for 18~36 months from the date of purchase. These liabilities are accrued when product revenues are recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims on those repairs and cost per claim to satisfy the Company’s warranty obligation. Warranty costs primarily include raw materials and labor costs. As these factors are impacted by actual experience and future expectations, management periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. Accrued warranty obligations are included in the current and non-current provisions.

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources, are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment and/or remediation can be reasonably estimated.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (n)

Employee Benefits

 

  (i)

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits that are due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in profit or loss on an undiscounted basis. The expected cost of profit-sharing and bonus plans and others are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to make payments as a result of past events and a reliable estimate of the obligation can be made.

 

  (ii)

Other long-term employee benefits

The Company’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than pension plans is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods.

 

  (iii)

Defined contribution plan

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the period during which services are rendered by employees.

 

  (iv)

Defined benefit plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than defined contribution plans. The Company’s net obligation in respect of its defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of any plan assets is deducted.

The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on high quality corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans in retained earnings immediately.

The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Consequently, the net interest on the net defined benefit liability (employee benefits asset) now comprises: interest cost on the defined benefit obligation, interest income on plan assets, and interest on the effect on the asset ceiling.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

 

  (v)

Termination benefits

The Company recognizes expense for termination benefits at the earlier of the date when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the entity recognizes costs for a restructuring involving the payment of termination benefits. If the termination benefits are not expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period, the Company measures the termination benefit with present value of future cash payments.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (o)

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of estimated returns, trade discounts, volume rebates and other cash incentives paid to customers.

The Company recognizes revenue according to the five-stage revenue recognition model (① Identifying the contract g ② Identifying performance obligations g ③ Determining transaction price g ④ Allocating the transaction price to performance obligations g ⑤ Recognizing revenue for performance obligations).

The Company generates revenue primarily from sale of display panels. Product revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control over the Company’s products, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the contracts with the customer.

The Company includes return option in the sales contract of display panels with its customers and the consideration receivable from the customer is subject to change due to returns. The Company estimates an amount of variable consideration by using the expected value method which the Company expects to better predict the amount of consideration. The Company includes in the transaction price an amount of variable consideration estimated only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur during the return period when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Company recognizes a refund liability and an asset for its right to recover products from customers if the Company receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund some or all of that consideration to the customer. Sales taxes or value-added taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from revenues in the separate statement of comprehensive income (loss).

 

  (p)

Operating Segments

In accordance with K-IFRS No. 1108, Operating Segments, entity wide disclosures of geographic and product revenue information are provided in the separate financial statements.

 

  (q)

Finance Income and Finance Costs

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested (including debt instruments measured at FVOCI), dividend income, gains on disposal of debt instruments measured at FVOCI, changes in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL, and gains on hedging instruments that are recognized in profit or loss. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, unwinding of the discount on provisions, gain and losses from financial assets measured at FVTPL, impairment losses recognized on financial assets, and losses on hedging instruments that are recognized in profit or loss. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (r)

Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

 

  (i)

Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss) of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

 

  (ii)

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized, using the liability method, in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

The Company recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and interests in joint ventures, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. A deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that the differences relating to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized.

Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if, and only if, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

 

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3.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued

 

  (s)

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) data for its common stocks. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding, adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential common stocks such as convertible bonds and others.

 

  (t)

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The consideration transferred in the acquisition and the identifiable net assets acquired from business combinations are measured at fair value. If the consideration transferred exceeds the fair value of identifiable net asset, the Company recognizes goodwill; if not, then the Company recognizes gain on a bargain purchase. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt or equity securities in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1032 and K-IFRS No. 1109. The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts are generally recognized in profit or loss.

 

  (u)

New Standards and Amendments Not Yet Adopted,

A number of new standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2019 and earlier application is permitted; however, the Company has not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these separate financial statements.

The following amended standards and interpretations are not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s separate financial statements:

 

   

Amendments to References to Conceptual Framework in K-IFRS Standards;

 

   

Definition of a Business (Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1103, Business Combinations);

 

   

Definition of Material (Amendments to K-IFRS No. 1001, Presentation of Financial Statements and K-IFRS No. 1008, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors); and

 

   

K-IFRS No. 1117, Insurance Contracts.

 

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4.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Deposits in Banks

Cash and cash equivalents and deposits in banks as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

     

Demand deposits

   W 1,105,245        473,283  

Deposits in banks

     

Time deposits

   W —          3,118  

Restricted deposits (*)

     77,257        74,082  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 77,257        77,200  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
Non-current assets      

Deposits in banks

     

Restricted deposits (*)

   W 11        11  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,182,513        550,494  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Includes funds deposited under agreements on mutually beneficial cooperation to aid LG Group companies’ suppliers, restricted deposits pledged to enforce the Company’s investment plans upon the receipt of grants from Gumi city and Gyeongsangbuk-do, and others.

 

5.

Receivables and Other Assets

 

  (a)

Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Due from third parties

   W 221,243        257,037  

Due from related parties

     3,344,617        3,132,071  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,565,860        3,389,108  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Other accounts receivable as of December, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Non-trade receivables, net

   W 438,659        316,069  

Accrued income

     1,281        5,894  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 439,940        321,963  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Long-term non-trade receivables

   W 19,899        25,823  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 459,839        347,786  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Due from related parties included in other accounts receivable, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are W45,518 million and W247,677 million, respectively.

 

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5.

Receivables and Other Assets, Continued

 

  (c)

The aging of trade accounts and notes receivable, and other accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019  
     Book value      Allowance for
impairment
 
     Trade
accounts

and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
     Trade
accounts

and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
 

Current

   W 3,565,795        184,991        (5)        (2,952

1-15 days past due

     70        3,488        —          (1

16-30 days past due

     —          94        —          —    

31-60 days past due

     —          61        —          —    

More than 60 days past due

     —          274,183        —          (25
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,565,865        462,817        (5      (2,978
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018  
     Book value      Allowance for
impairment
 
     Trade
accounts

and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
     Trade
accounts

and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
 

Current

   W 3,387,653        347,669        (5      (551

1-15 days past due

     1,353        274        —          (2

16-30 days past due

     79        69        —          (1

31-60 days past due

     28        95        —          (1

More than 60 days past due

     —          668        —          (434
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,389,113        348,775        (5      (989
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade accounts and notes receivable and other accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019      2018  
     Trade
accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
     Trade
accounts
and notes
receivable
     Other
accounts
receivable
 

Balance at the beginning of the year

   W 5        989        570        1,092  

(Reversal of) bad debt expense

     —          1,989        (565      (103
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

   W 5        2,978        5        989  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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5.

Receivables and Other Assets, Continued

 

  (d)

Other assets as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Advanced payments

   W 1,849        3,354  

Prepaid expenses

     100,561        73,254  

Value added tax refundable

     75,317        52,252  

Right to recover returned goods

     22,106        7,489  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 199,833        136,349  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Long-term prepaid expenses

   W 274,101        325,219  

Long-term advanced payments

     7,742        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 281,843        325,219  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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6.

Other Financial Assets

Other financial assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current assets

     

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Derivatives(*)

   W 34,036        13,059  

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

     

Debt instruments

     

Government bonds

   W 6        106  

Financial asset carried at amortized cost

     

Short-term loans

   W 21,623        16,116  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 55,665        29,281  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current assets

     

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Equity instruments

     

Intellectual Discovery, Ltd.

   W 1,104        4,598  

Kyulux, Inc.

     1,889        2,460  

Fineeva Co., Ltd.

     4        286  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,997        7,344  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Convertible bonds

   W 1,544        1,327  

Derivatives(*)

     15,640        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 20,181        8,671  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

     

Debt instruments

     

Government bonds

   W 70        55  

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

     

Deposits

   W 13,125        13,418  

Long-term loans

     40,827        55,048  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 53,952        68,466  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 74,203        77,192  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents valuation gain from currency interest rate swap contracts related to foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds. The contracts are not designated as hedging instruments.

Other financial assets issued by related parties as of December 31, 2018 is W2,000 million.

 

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7.

Inventories

Inventories as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Finished goods

   W 394,069        539,859  

Work-in-process

     696,993        791,396  

Raw materials

     341,004        500,413  

Supplies

     94,233        119,487  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,526,299        1,951,155  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount of inventories recognized as cost of sales including inventory write-downs and usage of inventory write-downs included in cost of sales are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Inventories recognized as cost of sales

   W 20,834,648        20,439,681  

Including: inventory write-downs

     408,567        280,323  

Including: usage of inventory write-downs

     (280,323      (184,139

There were no significant reversals of inventory write-downs recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

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8.

Investments

 

  (a)

Investments in subsidiaries consist of the following:

 

(In millions of won)              December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Subsidiaries

   Location    Business    Percentage
of
ownership
    Book
Value
     Percentage
of
ownership
    Book
Value
 

LG Display America, Inc.

   San Jose,

U.S.A.

   Sell display products      100   W 36,815        100   W 36,815  

LG Display Germany GmbH

   Eschborn,
Germany
   Sell display products      100     19,373        100     19,373  

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

   Tokyo,
Japan
   Sell display products      100     15,686        100     15,686  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

   Taipei,
Taiwan
   Sell display products      100     35,230        100     35,230  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

   Nanjing,
China
   Manufacture display
products
     100     593,726        100     593,726  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

   Shanghai,
China
   Sell display products      100     9,093        100     9,093  

LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o.(*1)

   Wroclaw,
Poland
   Manufacture display
products
     100     160,361        100     194,992  

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

   Guangzhou,
China
   Manufacture display
products
     100     293,557        100     293,557  

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

   Shenzhen,
China
   Sell display products      100     3,467        100     3,467  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

   Singapore    Sell display products      100     1,250        100     1,250  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

   Fujian,

China

   Manufacture and
sell LCD module
and LCD monitor
sets
     51     10,123        51     10,123  

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

   Yantai,

China

   Manufacture display
products
     100     169,195        100     169,195  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

   Gumi,
South Korea
   Provide janitorial
services
     100     800        100     800  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

   Guangzhou,
China
   Manufacture and
sell display products
     51     723,086        51     723,086  

Unified Innovative Technology, LLC

   Wilmington,
U.S.A.
   Manage intellectual
property
     100     9,489        100     9,489  

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

   Guangzhou,
China
   Sell display products      100     218        100     218  

Global OLED Technology LLC

   Herndon,

U.S.A

   Manage OLED
intellectual property
     100     164,322        100     164,322  

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.(*2)

   Haiphong,
Vietnam
   Manufacture
display products
     100     672,658        100     329,978  

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

   Suzhou,

China

   Manufacture and
sell LCD module
and LCD monitor
sets
     100     121,640        100     121,640  

LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC(*3)

   Wilmington,
U.S.A
   Invest in venture
business and acquire
technologies
     100     6,322        100     2,249  

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.(*4)

   Guangzhou,
China
   Manufacture and
sell display products
     74     1,794,547        69     749,154  

Money Market Trust

   Seoul,

Korea

   Money market trust      100     34,700        100     24,501  
          

 

 

      

 

 

 
           W 4,875,658        W 3,507,944  
          

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

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8.

Investments, Continued

 

(*1)

On July 1, 2019, LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o. (“LGDWR”) commenced the liquidation process and, for the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized an impairment loss of W34,631 million as finance cost for the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of investments in LGDWR.

(*2)

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company contributed W342,680 million in cash for the capital increase of LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. (“LGDVN”). There was no change in the Company’s ownership percentage in LGDVN as a result of this additional investment.

(*3)

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company contributed W4,073 million in cash for the capital increase of LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC. There was no change in the Company’s ownership percentage in LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC as a result of this additional investment.

(*4)

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company contributed W1,045,393 million in cash and cash equivalents, including the right to receive cash dividends amounting to W177,509 million from LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd., for the capital increase of LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. (“LGDCO”). The Company’s ownership percentage in LGDCO increased from 69% to 74% as a result.

 

  (b)

Investments in associates consist of the following:

 

(In millions of won)                                        
                   December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Associates

   Location      Business      Percentage
of ownership
    Book
Value
     Percentage
of ownership
    Book
Value
 

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

    

Paju,

South Korea

 

 

    
Manufacture glass for
display
 
 
     40   W 45,089        40   W 45,089  

INVENIA Co., Ltd.(*1)

    

Seongnam,

South Korea

 

 

    


Develop and
manufacture
equipment for display
manufacture
 
 
 
 
     —         —          13     6,330  

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.(*2)

    

Ansan,

South Korea

 

 

    

Manufacture LED
back light unit
packages
 
 
 
     14     7,310        14     4,746  

YAS Co., Ltd.

    

Paju,

South Korea

 

 

    


Develop and
manufacture
deposition equipment
for OLEDs
 
 
 
 
     15     10,000        15     10,000  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.(*3)

    

Daegu,

South Korea

 

 

    
Process and sell glass
for display
 
 
     14     8,000        17     10,600  

Arctic Sentinel, Inc.

    

Los
Angeles,
U.S.A.
 
 
 
    

Develop and
manufacture tablet
for kids
 
 
 
     10     —          10     —    

CYNORA GmbH(*4)

    

Bruchsal

Germany

 

 

    


Develop organic
emitting materials for
displays and lighting
devices
 
 
 
 
     12     4,714        14     8,668  

Material Science Co., Ltd.(*5)

    

Seoul,

South Korea

 

 

    

Develop,
manufacture and sell
material for display
 
 
 
     10     2,354        10     3,346  

Nanosys Inc.(*6)

    

Milpitas,

U.S.A.

 

 

    

Develop,
manufacture and sell
material for display
 
 
 
     4     5,183        4     5,491  
          

 

 

      

 

 

 
           W 82,650        W 94,270  
          

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

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8.

Investments, Continued

 

(*1)

During 2019, the Company disposed of the entire investments, 3,000,000 shares of common stock, in INVENIA Co., Ltd. and recognized W2,770 million of gain on disposal as finance income.

(*2)

During 2019, the Company recognized a reversal of impairment loss of W2,564 million as finance income for the investments in WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

(*3)

During 2019, the Company disposed of 650,000 shares of common stock in AVATEC Co., Ltd. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s ownership percentage in AVATEC Co., Ltd. is 14% and the Company recognized W2,638 million of gain on disposal as finance income.

(*4)

During 2019, the Company recognized an impairment loss of W3,954 million as finance cost for the investments in CYNORA GmbH. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s ownership percentage in CYNORA GmbH decreased from 14% to 12% as the Company did not participate in the capital increase of CYNORA GmbH.

(*5)

During 2019, the Company recognized an impairment loss of W992 million as finance cost for the investments in Material Science Co., Ltd.

(*6)

During 2019, the Company recognized a reversal of impairment loss of W308 million as finance income for the investments in Nanosys Inc.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the aggregate amount of received dividends from subsidiaries and associates are W18,622 million and W95,553 million, respectively.

 

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9.

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

  (a)

Changes in property, plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                        
     Land      Buildings and
structures
     Machinery
and
equipment
     Furniture
and
fixtures
     Construction-
in-progress (*1)
     Right-of-
use asset
     Others      Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2019

   W 461,828        4,860,942        34,433,030        652,723        8,469,901        —          479,594        49,358,018  

Accumulated depreciation as of January 1, 2019

     —          (2,444,534      (31,062,229      (569,823      —          —          (250,977      (34,327,563

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2019

     —          —          (28,001      —          (17,890      —          —          (45,891
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2019

   W 461,828        2,416,408        3,342,800        82,900        8,452,011        —          228,617        14,984,564  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Recognition of right-of-use assets on initial application of K-IFRS No. 1116

     —          —          —          —          —          16,332        —          16,332  

Adjusted book value as of January 1, 2019

   W 461,828        2,416,408        3,342,800        82,900        8,452,011        16,332        228,617        15,000,896  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Additions

     —          —          —             1,647,209        3,874        —          1,651,083  

Depreciation

     —          (210,827      (1,700,851      (39,222      —          (13,482      (190,220      (2,154,602

Disposals

     (7,844      (4,947      (557,241      (1,519      —          —          (16,912      (588,463

Impairment loss(*2)

     —          (72,902      (960,587      (5,037      (74,984      (309      (26,941      (1,140,760

Others (*3)

     51        47,138        5,324,621        25,726        (5,608,483      —          210,947        —    

Government grants received

     —          —          (4,207      —          228        —          —          (3,979
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2019

   W 454,035        2,174,870        5,444,535        62,848        4,415,981        6,415        205,491        12,764,175  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2019

   W 454,035        4,839,806        36,694,704        668,956        4,491,455        19,078        632,773        47,800,807  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 2019

   W —          (2,596,845      (30,263,872      (601,071      —          (12,354      (400,341      (33,874,483
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2019

   W —          (68,091      (986,297      (5,037      (75,474      (309      (26,941      (1,162,149
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

As of December 31, 2019, construction-in-progress mainly relates to construction of manufacturing facilities.

(*2)

During 2019, Display(AD PO) and Lighting CGUs were assessed for impairment, and impairment losses amounting to W1,108,500 million (W986,579 million and W121,921 million for Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs, respectively) are recognized as other non-operating expenses. Details of the impairment loss is explained in Note 10(e)).

(*3)

Others are mainly amounts transferred from construction-in-progress.

 

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9.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Continued

 

  (b)

Changes in property, plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                 
     Land      Buildings
and
structures
     Machinery
and
equipment
     Furniture
and
fixtures
     Construction-
in-progress (*1)
     Others      Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2018

   W 460,511        4,857,328        33,969,092        622,955        5,586,631        139,774        45,636,291  

Accumulated depreciation as of January 1, 2018

     —          (2,218,404      (30,303,595      (531,316      —          (93,685      (33,147,000

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2018

     —          —          (2,290      —          —          —          (2,290
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2018

   W 460,511        2,638,924        3,663,207        91,639        5,586,631        46,089        12,487,001  

Additions

     —          —          —          —          4,943,986        —          4,943,986  

Depreciation

     —          (225,710      (1,584,542      (39,522      —          (143,359      (1,993,133

Disposals

     (15      (22      (147,490      (305      —          (4,434      (152,266

Impairment loss

     —          —          (25,711      —          (17,890      —          (43,601

Others (*2)

     1,332        3,216        1,438,365        31,088        (2,060,535      330,321        (256,213

Government grants received

     —          —          (1,029      —          (181      —          (1,210
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2018

   W 461,828        2,416,408        3,342,800        82,900        8,452,011        228,617        14,984,564  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2018

   W 461,828        4,860,942        34,433,030        652,723        8,469,901        479,594        49,358,018  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 2018

   W —          (2,444,534      (31,062,229      (569,823      —          (250,977      (34,327,563
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2018

   W —          —          (28,001      —          (17,890      —          (45,891
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

As of December 31, 2018, construction-in-progress mainly relates to construction of manufacturing facilities.

(*2)

Others are mainly amounts transferred from construction-in-progress.

 

  (c)

Capitalized borrowing costs and capitalization rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     2019     2018  

Capitalized borrowing costs

   W 135,004       121,441  

Capitalization rate

     2.88     2.74

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment

 

  (a)

Changes in intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                            
    Intellectual
property
rights
    Software     Memberships     Development costs     Construction-
in-progress
(software)
    Customer
relationships
    Technology     Goodwill     Others (*2)     Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2019

  W 686,707       895,186       56,959       2,142,832       33,867       59,176       11,074       72,588       13,077       3,971,466  

Accumulated amortization as of January 1, 2019

    (570,476     (739,211     —         (1,775,922     —         (34,854     (9,597     —         (13,077     (3,143,137

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2019

    —         —         (11,521     —         —         —         —         —         —         (11,521
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2019

  W 116,231       155,975       45,438       366,910       33,867       24,322       1,477       72,588       —         816,808  

Additions - internally developed

    —         —         —         437,945       —         —         —         —         —         437,945  

Additions - external purchases

    28,397       —         845       —         60,889       —         —         —         2       90,133  

Amortization (*1)

    (22,679     (70,783     —         (297,959     —         (2,637     (1,107     —         (2     (395,167

Disposals

    —         —         (1,816     —         —         —         —         —         —         (1,816

Impairment loss (*3)(*4)

    (21,690     (7,733     —         (131,713     —         (21,685     —         (57,995     —         (240,816

Reversal of impairment loss

    —         —         960       —         —         —         —         —         —         960  

Transfer from construction-in-progress

    —         80,553       —         —         (80,553     —         —         —         —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2019

  W 100,259       158,012       45,427       375,183       14,203       —         370       14,593       —         708,047  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2019

  W 715,104       975,739       55,988       2,580,777       14,203       59,176       11,074       72,588       13,079       4,497,728  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2019

  W (593,155     (809,994     —         (2,073,881     —         (37,491     (10,704     —         (13,079     (3,538,304
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2019

  W (21,690     (7,733     (10,561     (131,713     —         (21,685     —         (57,995     —         (251,377
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

(*1)

The Company has classified the amortization as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative expenses, and research and development expenses.

(*2)

Others mainly consist of rights to use electricity and gas supply facilities.

(*3)

During 2019, Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs were assessed for impairment, and the impairment losses amounting to W122,994 million (W17,650 million and W105,344 million for Display (AD PO) and Lighting CGUs, respectively) are recognized as other non-operating expenses. The impairment amount is allocated to goodwill, customer relationships and others. Details of the impairment loss is explained in Note 10(e).

(*4)

The Company recognized an impairment loss amounting to W117,822 million in connection with development projects that were terminated after the impairment review.

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

  (b)

Changes in intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                            
    Intellectual
property
rights
    Software     Memberships     Development
costs
    Construction-
in-progress
(software)
    Customer
relationships
    Technology     Goodwill     Others (*2)     Total  

Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2018

  W 665,645       810,270       54,834       1,769,998       30,722       59,176       11,074       72,588       13,077       3,487,384  

Accumulated amortization as of January 1, 2018

    (546,105     (671,980     —         (1,473,238     —         (31,338     (8,489     —         (13,076     (2,744,226

Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2018

    —         —         (11,785     —         —         —         —         —         —         (11,785
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of January 1, 2018

  W 119,540       138,290       43,049       296,760       30,722       27,838       2,585       72,588       1       731,373  

Additions - internally developed

    —         —         —         372,835       —         —         —         —         —         372,835  

Additions - external purchases

    21,061       —         2,844       —         88,785       —         —         —         —         112,690  

Amortization (*1)

    (24,370     (67,955     —         (302,685     —         (3,516     (1,108     —         (1     (399,635

Disposals

    —         —         (721     —         —         —         —         —         —         (721

Impairment loss

    —         —         (82     —         —         —         —         —         —         (82

Reversal of impairment loss

    —         —         348       —         —         —         —         —         —         348  

Transfer from construction-in-progress

    —         85,640       —         —         (85,640     —         —         —         —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Book value as of December 31, 2018

  W 116,231       155,975       45,438       366,910       33,867       24,322       1,477       72,588       —         816,808  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2018

  W 686,707       895,186       56,959       2,142,832       33,867       59,176       11,074       72,588       13,077       3,971,466  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2018

  W (570,476     (739,211     —         (1,775,922     —         (34,854     (9,597     —         (13,077     (3,143,137
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2018

  W —         —         (11,521     —         —         —         —         —         —         (11,521
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

(*1)

The Company has classified the amortization as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative expenses, and research and development expenses.

(*2)

Others mainly consist of rights to use electricity and gas supply facilities.

 

  (c)

Development projects are divided into research activities and development activities. Expenditures on research activities are recognized in profit or loss and qualifying development expenditures are capitalized, respectively.

 

  (d)

Development costs as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

  (i)

As of December 31, 2019

 

(In millions of won and in years)  

Classification

  

Product type

   Book Value      Remaining
Useful life
 

Development completed

   Mobile    W 53,350        0.4  
   TV      22,597        0.4  
   Notebook      14,464        0.4  
   Others      12,370        0.7  
     

 

 

    
      W 102,781     
     

 

 

    

Development in process

   Mobile    W 157,483        —    
   TV      42,587        —    
   Notebook      46,167        —    
   Others      26,165        —    
     

 

 

    
      W 272,402     
     

 

 

    
      W 375,183     
  

 

 

    

 

  (ii)

As of December 31, 2018

 

(In millions of won and in years)  

Classification

  

Product type

   Book Value      Remaining
Useful life
 
Development completed    Mobile    W 108,467        0.5  
   TV      28,001        0.5  
   Notebook      4,458        0.6  
   Others      9,475        0.5  
     

 

 

    
      W 150,401     
     

 

 

    

Development in process

   Mobile    W 144,679        —    
   TV      55,580        —    
   Notebook      9,639        —    
   Others      6,611        —    
     

 

 

    
      W 216,509     
     

 

 

    
      W 366,910     
  

 

 

    

 

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10.

Intangible Assets and Non-current Asset Impairment, Continued

 

  (e)

Impairment assessment

 

  (i)

During 2019, the Company has distinguished Display (AD PO) and Lighting businesses as separate CGUs from the existing Display CGU due to the initiation of independent factory production of Display (AD PO) business and the decision of Lighting business planned discontinuance in response to business environmental changes. As of December 31, 2019 goodwill is allocated to the Display CGU amounts to W14,593 million.

 

  (ii)

Impairment on assets belonging to CGUs was assessed due to the decision of planned discontinuance of Lighting business and adverse changes in the business environment of Display (AD PO). The recoverable amount of each CGU is estimated based on its value in use. Value in use is calculated using the estimated pre-tax cash flow based on 5-year business plan approved by management. The estimated sales of the Company’s products used in the 5-year forecast was determined considering external sources and the Company’s past experience. Management estimated the future pre-tax cash flows based on its past performance and forecasts on market growth. The key assumptions used in the estimation of value in use of each CGU as of December 31, 2019 are as follows.

 

Classification

   Lighting(*2)     Display
(AD PO)(*3)
    Display(*4)  

Discount rate(*1)

     6.1     6.1     6.1

Terminal growth rate

     0.0     0.0     1.0

 

(*1)

The discount rate was calculated using the weighted average cost of equity capital and debt and the beta of equity capital was calculated as the average of five global listed companies in the same industry and the Company. Cost of debt was calculated by the interest rate of the Company’s publicly issued bonds and debt ratio was determined using the average of the debt ratios of the five global listed companies in the same industry and the Company.

(*2)

As a result of impairment test, the carrying amount of Lighting CGU which produces OLED lighting products was fully impaired with impairment loss of W230,867 million recognized as other non-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2019.

(*3)

In the Company’s consolidated financial statements, Display (AD PO) CGU, which produces plastic OLED mobile products and commenced mass production in 2019, is comprised of a group of assets of the Company and one subsidiary. The Company performed impairment test for its separate financial statements at the same level of CGU used in consolidated financial statements because the relevant assets in the CGU generate cash inflows largely independently only in combination with certain assets in the subsidiary. As a result of impairment test, the carrying amount of the Company’s assets for the Display (AD PO) exceeds the recoverable amount and an impairment loss of W1,004,229 million was recognized as other non-operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2019. The value in use determined for this CGU is sensitive to the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model.

(*4)

As a result of impairment test for Display CGU, the recoverable amount exceeds the carrying value. The value in use determined for this CGU is sensitive to assumptions such as the discount rate and terminal growth rate used in the discounted cash flow model.

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities

 

  (a)

Financial liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current

     

Short-term borrowings

   W 347,340        —    

Current portion of long-term borrowings and bonds

     1,117,218        1,040,148  

Current portion of payment guarantee liabilities

     5,674        4,693  

Lease liabilities

     4,357        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,474,589        1,044,841  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current

     

Won denominated borrowings

   W 2,692,560        2,700,608  

Foreign currency denominated borrowings

     1,626,709        626,136  

Bonds

     2,741,516        1,772,599  

Payment guarantee liabilities

     10,828        14,375  

Derivatives(*)

     20,592        25,758  

Lease liabilities

     2,200        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 7,094,405        5,139,476  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents currency interest rate swap contracts entered by the Company to hedge interest rate risks with respect to foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds.

 

  (b)

Foreign currency denominated short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 are as follows. There are none as of December 31, 2018.

 

(In millions of won and USD)            

Lender

   Annual interest rate
as of
December 31, 2019 (%)(*)
   December 31,
2019
 

Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited

   12ML + 0.78~0.88    W 347,340  
     

 

 

 

Foreign currency equivalent

   USD 300  

 

(*)

ML represents Month LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offered Rates).

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities, Continued

 

  (c)

Won denominated long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows :

 

(In millions of won)                

Lender

   Annual interest rate
as of
December 31, 2019 (%)(*)
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Woori Bank

     2.75      W 608        1,259  

Korea Development Bank and others

    

CD rate (91days) +
1.00~1.39,

2.21~3.25

 
 

 

     3,330,000        2,850,000  

Less current portion of long-term borrowings

        (638,048      (150,651
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
      W 2,692,560        2,700,608  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

CD represents certificate of deposit.

 

  (d)

Foreign currency denominated long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows :

 

(In millions of won and USD)                     

Lender

   Annual interest rate
as of
December 31, 2019 (%)
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

The Export-Import Bank of Korea and others

    

3ML+0.75 ~1.70

6ML+1.25 ~1.35

 

 

   W 1,696,177        955,975  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign currency equivalent

      USD 1,465      USD  855  

Less current portion of long-term borrowings

        (69,468      (329,839
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
      W 1,626,709        626,136  
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities, Continued

 

  (e)

Details of bonds issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Maturity      Annual interest rate
as of
December 31, 2019 (%)
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Won denominated bonds (*1)

           

Publicly issued bonds

    


May 2020~

February
2024

 

 
 

     1.95~2.95      W 1,730,000        1,900,000  

Privately issued bonds

    

May 2025~

May 2033

 

 

     3.25~4.25        110,000        110,000  

Less discount on bonds

           (3,404      (3,949

Less current portion

           (409,702      (559,658
        

 

 

    

 

 

 
         W 1,426,894        1,446,393  
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign currency denominated bonds (*2)

           

Publicly issued bonds

    
November
2021
 
 
     3.88      W 347,340        335,430  
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Privately issued bonds

     April 2023        3ML+1.47        115,780        —    
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign currency equivalent

         USD 400      USD 300  
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Less discount on bonds

           (6,883      (9,224
        

 

 

    

 

 

 
         W 456,237        326,206  
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

           

Foreign currency convertible bonds

     August 2024        1.50      W 858,385        —    
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign currency equivalent

         USD 741        —    
        

 

 

    

 

 

 
         W 2,741,516        1,772,599  
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Principal of the won denominated bonds is to be repaid at maturity and interests are paid quarterly.

(*2)

Principal of the foreign currency denominated bonds is to be repaid at maturity and interests are paid quarterly or semi-annually.

 

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11.

Financial Liabilities, Continued

 

  (f)

Details of the convertible bonds issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In won, USD)     
    

Description

Type

   Unsecured foreign currency denominated convertible bonds

Issuance amount

   USD 687,800,000

Annual interest rate (%)

   1.50

Issuance date

   August 22, 2019

Maturity date

   August 22, 2024

Interest payment

   Payable semi-annually in arrear until maturity date in equal installments commencing on issuance

Principal redemption

  

1. Redemption at maturity:

Redeemed on the maturity date, at their outstanding principal amount, which has not been early redeemed or converted.

  

2. Advanced redemption:

The Company has a right to redeem in advance (call option) and the bondholders have a right to require the Company to redeem in advance (put option). At exercise, the outstanding principal amount together with accrued but unpaid interest are to be redeemed.

Conversion price

   W19,845 per common share (subject to adjustment based on diluted effects of certain events)

Conversion period

   From August 23, 2020 to August 12, 2024

Redemption at the option of the issuer (Call option)

  

—On or at any time after 3 years from the issuance, if the closing price of the shares for any 20 trading days out of the 30 consecutive trading days is at least 130% of the applicable conversion price

—The aggregate principal amount of the convertible bonds outstanding is less than 10% of the aggregate principal amount originally issued, or

—In the event of certain changes in laws and other directives resulting in additional taxes for the holders

Redemption at the option of the bondholders (Put option)

   On the day of 3 years from the issuance

The Company designated the convertible bonds as financial liabilities at fair value through profit of loss and recognized the change in fair value in profit or loss. The Company measures the convertible bond at fair value using the market price of convertible bonds disclosed on Bloomberg. The number of convertible shares as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

 

(In won and No. of shares)       
     December 31, 2019  

Aggregate outstanding amount of the convertible bonds

   W 813,426,670,000  

Conversion price

   W 19,845  

Number of common shares to be issued at conversion

     40,988,998  

 

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12.

Employee Benefits

The Company’s defined benefit plans provide a lump-sum payment to an employee based on final salary rates and length of service at the time the employee leaves the Company.

The defined benefit plans expose the Company to actuarial risks, such as the risk associated with expected periods of service, interest rate risk, market (investment) risk, and others.

 

  (a)

Net defined benefit liabilities (employee benefits assets) recognized as of December 31 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Present value of partially funded defined benefit obligations

   W 1,476,866        1,592,366  

Fair value of plan assets

     (1,604,118      (1,548,179
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W (127,252      44,187  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019      2018  

Opening defined benefit obligations

   W 1,592,366        1,560,525  

Current service cost

     192,528        203,062  

Past service cost

     (32,006      (25,749

Interest cost

     42,360        49,145  

Remeasurements (before tax)

     (137,464      (27,885

Benefit payments

     (95,099      (88,056

Curtailment of plans

     (80,470      (74,459

Net transfers from (to) related parties

     (5,349      (4,217
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Closing defined benefit obligations

   W 1,476,866        1,592,366  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted average remaining maturity of defined benefit obligations as of December 31, 2019, and 2018 are 15.1 years and 14.4 years, respectively.

 

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12.

Employee Benefits, Continued

 

  (c)

Changes in fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Opening fair value of plan assets

   W 1,548,179        1,465,990  

Expected return on plan assets

     41,826        48,184  

Remeasurements (before tax)

     (8,824      (22,195

Contributions by employer directly to plan assets

     185,000        211,006  

Benefit payments

     (81,876      (80,369

Net transfers from (to) related parties

     280        —    

Curtailment of plans

     (80,467      (74,437
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Closing fair value of plan assets

   W 1,604,118        1,548,179  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (d)

Plan assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Guaranteed deposits in banks

   W 1,604,118        1,548,179  

As of December 31, 2019, the Company maintains the plan assets primarily with Mirae Asset Daewoo Co., Ltd., KB Insurance Co., Ltd. and others.

 

  (e)

Expenses recognized in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Current service cost

   W 192,528        203,062  

Past service cost

     (32,006      (25,749

Net interest cost

     534        961  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 161,056        178,274  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Expenses are recognized as following in the separate statements of comprehensive income (loss):

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Cost of sales

   W 119,147        134,879  

Selling expenses

     10,221        10,719  

Administrative expenses

     16,798        18,193  

Research and development expenses

     14,890        14,483  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 161,056        178,274  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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12. Employee Benefits, Continued

 

  (f)

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities (assets) included in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Balance at January 1

   W (165,613      (170,134

Remeasurements

     

Actuarial profit or loss arising from:

     

Experience adjustment

     43,644        56,225  

Demographic assumptions

     (19,952      (15,379

Financial assumptions

     113,772        (12,961

Return on plan assets

     (8,824      (22,195
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 128,640        5,690  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income tax

   W (35,235      (1,169
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at December 31

   W (72,208      (165,613
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (g)

Principal actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (expressed as weighted averages) are as follows:

 

     December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  

Expected rate of salary increase

     3.4     4.3

Discount rate for defined benefit obligations

     2.4     2.8

Assumptions regarding future mortality are based on published statistics and mortality tables. The current mortality underlying the values of the liabilities in the defined benefit plans are as follows:

 

          December 31, 2019    December 31, 2018

Teens

  

Males

Females

   0.00%

0.00%

   0.01%

0.00%

Twenties

  

Males

Females

   0.01%

0.00%

   0.01%

0.00%

Thirties

  

Males

Females

   0.01%

0.00%

   0.01%

0.01%

Forties

  

Males

Females

   0.02%

0.01%

   0.03%

0.02%

Fifties

  

Males

Females

   0.04%

0.02%

   0.05%

0.02%

 

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12.

Employee Benefits, Continued

 

  (h)

Reasonably possible changes to respective relevant actuarial assumptions would have affected the defined benefit obligations by the following amounts as of December 31, 2019:

 

(In millions of won)    Defined benefit obligation  
     1% increase      1% decrease  

Discount rate for defined benefit obligations

   W (194,432      237,364  

Expected rate of salary increase

     233,106        (194,965

 

13.

Provisions and Other Liabilities

 

  (a)

Changes in provisions for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Litigations and
claims
     Warranties (*)      Others      Total  

Balance at January 1, 2019

   W —          120,389        8,930        129,319  

Additions

     3,073        365,993        17,451        386,517  

Usage

     (3,073      (257,407      —          (260,480
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

   W —          228,975        26,381        255,356  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Current

   W —          161,857        26,381        188,238  

Non-current

   W —          67,118        —          67,118  

 

  (*)

The provision for warranties on defective products is normally applicable for 18~36 months from the date of customer’s purchase. The provision is calculated by using historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and costs per claim to satisfy the Company’s warranty obligation.

 

  (b)

Other liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Current liabilities

     

Withholdings

   W 13,049        16,181  

Unearned revenues

     25,012        11,073  

Security deposits

     9,310        165  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 47,371        27,419  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

     

Long-term accrued expenses

   W 76,300        78,466  

Long-term other accounts payable

     1,062        3,081  

Long-term advances received

     6,852        2,116  

Security deposits

     1,690        10,790  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 85,904        94,453  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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14.

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

 

  (a)

Legal Proceedings

Anti-trust litigations

Some individual claimants filed “follow-on” damages claims against the Company and other TFT-LCD manufacturers alleging violations of EU competition law. While the Company continues its vigorous defense of the various pending proceedings described above, as of December 31, 2019, the final results cannot be predicted.

Solas OLED Ltd. Litigations

In April 2019, Solas OLED Ltd. filed patent infringement actions against the Company and television manufacturers in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas as well as the Company and its subsidiary, LG Display Germany GmbH, and television manufacturers in Mannheim District Court in Germany. As of December 31, 2019, the value of litigation has not been finalized, and the final results cannot be predicted.

Others

The Company is involved in various disputes in addition to pending proceedings described above. The Company cannot reliably estimate the timing and amount of outflows of resources embodying economic benefits relating to the disputes.

 

  (b)

Commitments

Factoring and securitization of accounts receivable

The Company has agreements with Korea Development Bank and several other banks for accounts receivable sales negotiating facilities of up to an aggregate of USD 1,360 million (W1,574,608 million) in connection with the Company’s export sales transactions with its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2019, there are no outstanding short-term borrowings that are past due in connection with these agreements. In connection with all of the contracts in this paragraph, the Company has sold its accounts receivable with recourse.

The Company has a credit facility agreement with Shinhan Bank and several other banks pursuant to which the Company could sell its accounts receivables up to an aggregate of W671,542 million in connection with its domestic and export sales transactions and, as of December 31, 2019, W25,528 million accounts and notes receivable sold to Shinhan Bank were outstanding in connection with the agreement. In connection with the contract above, the Company has sold its accounts receivable without recourse.

Letters of credit

As of December 31, 2019, the Company has agreements in relation to the opening of letters of credit up to USD 150 million (W173,670 million) with KEB Hana Bank, USD 50 million (W57,890 million) with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, USD 100 million (W115,780 million) with Industrial Bank of Korea and USD 100 million (W115,780 million) with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.

 

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14.

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments, Continued

 

Payment guarantees

The Company provides payment guarantees to LG Display Vietnam Haiphong, Co., Ltd. in connection with the principal amount of term loan credit facilities amounting to USD 1,302 million (W1,506,921 million) and payables for facilities amounting to USD 57 million (W66,150 million).

In addition, the Company obtained payment guarantees amounting to USD 1,075 million (W1,244,635 million) from KEB Hana Bank and others for advances received related to the long-term supply agreements. The Company also obtained payment guarantees amounting to USD 306 million (W354,070 million) from Korea Development Bank for foreign currency denominated bonds.

License agreements

As of December 31, 2019, the Company has technical license agreements with Hitachi Display, Ltd. and others in relation to its LCD business and patent cross license agreement with Universal Display Corporation in relation to its OLED business. Also, the Company has a trademark license agreement with LG Corp. as of December 31, 2019.

Long-term supply agreement

As of December 31, 2019, in connection with long-term supply agreements with customers, the Company recognized USD 875 million (W1,013,075 million) in advances received. The advances received will be offset against outstanding accounts receivable balances after a given period of time, as well as those arising from the supply of products thereafter. The Company received payment guarantees amounting to USD 1,075 million (W1,244,635 million) from KEB Hana Bank and other various banks relating to advances received (see Note 14(b) payment guarantees).

 

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15.

Share Capital

The Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of capital stock (par value W5,000), and as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the number of issued common shares is 357,815,700. There have been no changes in the capital stock from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019.

 

16.

Retained earnings

 

  (a)

Retained earnings as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Legal reserve

   W 212,158        212,158  

Other reserve

     68,251        68,251  

Defined benefit plan actuarial loss

     (72,208      (165,613

Retained earnings

     6,417,700        9,057,593  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 6,625,901        9,172,389  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, details of the Company’s appropriations of retained earnings are as follows:

 

(In millions of won, except for cash dividend per common stock)         
     2019      2018  

Retained earnings before appropriations

     

Unappropriated retained earnings carried over from prior year

   W 9,057,593        9,499,884  

Loss for the year

     (2,639,893      (442,291
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Unappropriated retained earnings carried forward to the following year

   W 6,417,700        9,057,593  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the date of appropriation is March 20, 2020 and March 15, 2019, respectively.

 

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17.

Revenue

Details of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Sales of goods

   W 21,593,333        22,324,003  

Royalties

     40,271        20,970  

Others

     24,725        26,714  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 21,658,329        22,371,687  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

18.

The Nature of Expenses and Others

The classification of expenses by nature for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Changes in inventories

   W 424,856        (268,910

Purchases of raw materials, merchandise and others

     8,616,802        8,875,141  

Depreciation and amortization

     2,549,770        2,392,768  

Outsourcing

     6,377,774        6,012,740  

Labor

     2,398,422        2,592,716  

Supplies and others

     615,620        795,935  

Utility

     711,890        728,166  

Fees and commissions

     466,415        522,328  

Shipping

     65,986        102,913  

Advertising

     192,333        111,972  

Warranty

     365,993        207,892  

Travel

     85,091        95,003  

Taxes and dues

     58,899        59,207  

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

     1,140,760        43,601  

Impairment loss on intangible assets

     240,816        82  

Others

     560,225        650,483  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     W24,871,652      22,922,037  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total expenses consist of cost of sales, selling, administrative, research and development expenses and other non-operating expenses, excluding foreign exchange differences.

 

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19.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Details of selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Salaries(*1)

   W 410,355        396,223  

Expenses related to defined benefit plans(*2)

     27,109        29,023  

Other employee benefits

     47,976        42,987  

Shipping

     48,256        72,876  

Fees and commissions

     129,209        136,417  

Depreciation

     107,571        111,133  

Taxes and dues

     2,478        4,777  

Advertising

     192,333        111,972  

Warranty

     365,993        207,892  

Rent

     588        10,597  

Insurance

     6,026        6,175  

Travel

     17,338        18,197  

Training

     9,535        10,910  

Others

     38,578        39,486  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,403,345        1,198,665  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Expenses recognized in relation to employee termination benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amount to W218,826 million and W184,941 million, respectively.

(*2)

Expenses recognized in relation to employee defined contribution plan for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amount to W89 million and W111 million, respectively.

 

20.

Personnel Expenses

Details of personnel expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Salaries and wages

   W 2,062,943        2,280,341  

Other employee benefits

     285,794        312,050  

Contributions to National Pension plan

     73,149        75,668  

Expenses related to defined benefit plan and defined contribution plan(*)

     161,848        179,137  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,583,734        2,847,196  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Expenses recognized in relation to employee defined contribution plan for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 amount to W792 million and W863 million, respectively.

 

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21.

Other Non-operating Income and Other Non-operating Expenses

 

  (a)

Details of other non-operating income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Foreign currency gain

   W 752,629        483,160  

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

     54,756        42,864  

Gain on disposal of intangible assets

     552        239  

Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets

     960        348  

Rental income

     1,832        1,764  

Others

     24,785        13,172  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 835,514        541,547  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Details of other non-operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Foreign currency loss

   W 800,082        499,652  

Other bad debt expense

     1,349        23  

Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

     25,851        8,615  

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

     1,140,760        43,601  

Loss on disposal of intangible assets

     18        —    

Impairment loss on intangible assets

     240,816        82  

Donations

     592        7,294  

Others

     19,692        17,740  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,229,160        577,007  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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22.

Finance Income and Finance Costs

Finance income and costs recognized in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Finance income

     

Interest income

   W 13,633        17,938  

Dividend income

     18,622        95,553  

Foreign currency gain

     77,502        10,170  

Gain on disposal of investments

     5,408        1,111  

Reversal of impairment loss of investments

     2,564        —    

Gain on transaction of derivatives

     21,752        2,075  

Gain on valuation of derivatives

     59,781        13,059  

Gain on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     402        4,362  

Other

   W 5,302        4,033  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     204,966        148,301  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finance costs

     

Interest expense

   W 134,894        35,108  

Foreign currency loss

     104,153        39,869  

Impairment loss on investments

     39,884        23,059  

Loss on sale of trade accounts and notes receivable

     1,769        875  

Loss on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     4,531        225  

Loss on valuation of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

     56,384        —    

Loss on transaction of derivatives

     —          49  

Loss on valuation of derivatives

     17,999        26,600  

Other

     12,242        3,867  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 371,856        129,652  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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23.

Income Taxes

 

  (a)

Details of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Current tax expense (benefit)

     

Current year

   W 9,328        (3,883

Adjustment for prior years

     (163,203      82,225  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W (153,875      78,342  

Deferred tax benefit

     

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

   W (875,314      (190,675

Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets

     324,301        64,818  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W (551,013      (125,857
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income tax benefit

   W (704,888      (47,515
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b)

Income taxes recognized directly in other comprehensive income or loss for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)   2019     2018  
    Before tax     Tax expense     Net of tax     Before tax     Tax expense     Net of tax  

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities (assets)

  W 128,640       (35,235     93,405       5,690       (1,169     4,521  

 

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23.

Income Taxes, Continued

 

  (c)

Reconciliation of the actual effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019      2018  

Loss for the year

   W       (2,639,893        (442,291

Income tax benefit

       (704,888        (47,515
    

 

 

      

 

 

 

Loss before income tax

       (3,344,781        (489,806
    

 

 

      

 

 

 

Income tax benefit using the Company’s statutory tax rate

     25.67     (858,605      26.65     (130,533

Non-deductible expenses

     (0.53 %)      17,870        (6.76 %)      33,112  

Tax credits

     1.35     (45,237      19.97     (97,822

Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets

     (9.70 %)      324,301        (13.23 %)      64,818  

Adjustment for prior years (*1)

     4.88     (163,203      (16.79 %)      82,225  

Effect on change in tax rate

     (0.66 %)      22,201        0.41     (2,007

Others

     0.07     (2,215      (0.55 %)      2,692  
    

 

 

      

 

 

 

Actual income tax benefit

   W       (704,888        (47,515
    

 

 

      

 

 

 

Actual effective tax rate

       (*2        (*2

 

(*1)

Consist of changes in tax credits in amended tax returns and expected amount of income tax adjustment in relation to the transfer price investigation and others.

(*2)

Actual effective tax rate are not calculated due to loss before income tax.

 

  (d)

Tax uncertainties

In June 2019, LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd., LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd. and LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd., the subsidiaries of the Company, were imposed of additional income taxes amounting to W127.1 billion, in aggregate, by the Chinese tax authorities in connection with the transfer price investigation initiated in 2015.

OECD Guidelines, the Korea-China tax treaty, and the domestic tax laws of both countries stipulate mutual agreements to resolve double taxation. In July 2019, the Company registered an application form to request an initiation of a mutual agreement to receive the estimated amount of W109.2 billion corporate tax adjustment from the Korea National Tax Service. The application was officially registered and the two tax authorities held their first meeting in November 2019 and further consultation will be conducted in 2020.

Meanwhile, the Company expects that the mutual agreement between tax authorities will be processed and be resolved within a reasonable period in favor of the Company and the Company recognized the estimated income tax refund as current tax asset, as of December 31, 2019.

 

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24.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

 

  (a)

Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities

As of December 31, 2019, in relation to the taxable temporary differences on investments in subsidiaries amounting to W211,264 million, the Company did not recognize deferred tax liabilities since the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

 

  (b)

Unused tax credit carryforwards for which no deferred tax asset is recognized

Realization of deferred tax assets related to tax credit carryforwards is dependent on whether sufficient taxable income will be generated prior to their expiration. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of unused tax credit carryforwards for which no deferred tax asset is recognized and their expiration dates are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                
     Total      December 31,
2020
     December 31,
2021
     December 31,
2022
     December 31,
2023
     December 31,
2024
 

Tax credit carryforwards

   W 549,056        44,692        70,646        220,135        114,845        98,738  

 

  (c)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:

 

(In millions of won)    Assets      Liabilities      Total  
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Other accounts receivable, net

   W —          —          (4,364      (1,013      (4,364      (1,013

Inventories, net

     78,730        53,882        —          —          78,730        53,882  

Accrued expenses

     120,854        121,508        —          —          120,854        121,508  

Property, plant and equipment

     465,883        191,073        —          —          465,883        191,073  

Intangible assets

     19,422        925        —          —          19,422        925  

Provisions

     59,875        32,468        —          —          59,875        32,468  

Gain or loss on foreign currency translation, net

     —          13        —          —          —          13  

Others

     52,293        17,932        —          —          52,293        17,932  

Tax loss carryforwards

     536,684        126,755        —          —          536,684        126,755  

Tax credit carryforwards

     38,337        308,393        —          —          38,337        308,393  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets (liabilities)

   W 1,372,078        852,949        (4,364      (1,013      1,367,714        851,936  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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24.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Continued

 

  (d)

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                                 
     January 1,
2018
     Profit or
loss
     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
     December 31,
2018
     Profit or
loss
     Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
     December 31,
2019
 

Other accounts receivable, net

   W (1,378      365        —          (1,013      (3,351      —          (4,364

Inventories, net

     30,688        23,194        —          53,882        24,848        —          78,730  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

     2,375        (1,206      (1,169      —          35,235        (35,235      —    

Accrued expenses

     179,112        (57,604      —          121,508        (654      —          120,854  

Property, plant and equipment

     206,900        (15,827      —          191,073        274,810        —          465,883  

Intangible assets

     1,249        (324      —          925        18,497        —          19,422  

Provisions

     27,018        5,450        —          32,468        27,407        —          59,875  

Gain or loss on foreign currency translation, net

     13        —          —          13        (13      —          —    

Others

     12,345        5,587        —          17,932        34,361        —          52,293  

Tax loss carryforwards

     —          126,755        —          126,755        409,929        —          536,684  

Tax credit carryforwards

     268,926        39,467        —          308,393        (270,056      —          38,337  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets (liabilities)

   W 727,248        125,857        (1,169      851,936        551,013        (35,235      1,367,714  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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25.

Loss per Share

 

  (a)

Basic loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In won and No. of shares)    2019      2018  

Loss for the year

   W (2,639,892,599,202      (442,291,281,486

Weighted-average number of common stocks outstanding

     357,815,700        357,815,700  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic loss per share

   W (7,378      (1,236
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no events or transactions that resulted in changes in the number of common stocks used for calculating basic loss per share.

 

  (b)

The Company issued potential common stocks as a result of an issuance of the convertible bonds on August 22, 2019. Diluted loss per share is not different from basic loss per share due to loss for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, 40,988,998 options were excluded from the calculation of weighted-average number of common stocks due to antidilution.

 

26.

Financial Risk Management

The Company is exposed to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risks. The Company identifies and analyzes such risks, and controls are implemented under a risk management system to monitor and manage these risks at below an acceptable level.

 

  (a)

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices will affect the Company’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.

 

  (i)

Currency risk

The Company is exposed to currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, Korean won (KRW). The currencies in which these transactions primarily are denominated are USD, JPY, etc.

Interest on borrowings is denominated in the currency of the borrowing. Generally, borrowings are denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by the underlying operations of the Company, primarily KRW and USD.

In respect of other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, the Company adopts policies to ensure that its net exposure is kept to an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates when necessary to address short-term imbalances. Meanwhile, the Company entered into currency interest rate swap contracts to hedge currency risk with respect to foreign currency borrowings and bonds.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  i)

Exposure to currency risk

The Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk based on notional amounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions)    December 31, 2019  
     USD     JPY     CNY      PLN     EUR  

Cash and cash equivalents

     907       3       2        1       2  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     2,880       3,974       —          —         —    

Non-trade receivable

     306       452       —          —         —    

Trade accounts and notes payable

     (1,035     (7,346     —          —         —    

Other accounts payable

     (145     (3,619     —          —         (9

Financial liabilities

     (2,900     —         —          —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Aggregate notional amounts in the separate statements of financial position

     13       (6,536     2        1       (7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Currency swap contracts

     2,085       —         —          —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net exposure

     2,098       (6,536     2        1       (7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
(In millions)    December 31, 2018  
     USD     JPY     CNY      PLN     EUR  

Cash and cash equivalents

     66       —         54        1       7  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     2,809       2,937       —          —         —    

Non-trade receivable

     48       836       1,018        —         —    

Trade accounts and notes payable

     (1,392     (11,477     —          —         —    

Other accounts payable

     (117     (13,982     —          (18     (2

Financial liabilities

     (1,163     —         —          —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Aggregate notional amounts in the separate statements of financial position

     251       (21,686     1,072        (17     5  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Currency swap contracts

     780       —         —          —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net exposure

     1,031       (21,686     1,072        (17     5  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

Average exchange rates applied for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the exchange rates at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In won)    Average rate      Reporting date spot rate  
     2019      2018      December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

USD

   W 1,165.46        1,100.21      W 1,157.80        1,118.10  

JPY

     10.70        9.96        10.63        10.13  

CNY

     168.56        166.41        165.74        162.76  

PLN

     303.62        304.87        304.87        297.33  

EUR

     1,304.52        1,298.53        1,297.43        1,279.16  

 

  ii)

Sensitivity analysis

A weaker won, as indicated below, against the following currencies which comprise the Company’s assets or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis is based on foreign currency exchange rate variances that the Company considers to be reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. The analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, would remain constant. The changes in equity and profit or loss would have been as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019     December 31, 2018  
     Equity     Profit
or loss
    Equity     Profit
or loss
 

USD (5 percent weakening)

   W 88,054       88,054     W 41,788       41,788  

JPY (5 percent weakening)

     (2,520     (2,520     (7,965     (7,965

CNY (5 percent weakening)

     12       12       6,325       6,325  

PLN (5 percent weakening)

     11       11       (183     (183

EUR (5 percent weakening)

     (329     (329     232       232  

A stronger won against the above currencies as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 would have had the equal but opposite effect on the above currencies to the amounts shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain constant.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (ii)

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises principally from the Company’s bonds and borrowings. The Company establishes and applies its policy to reduce uncertainty arising from fluctuations in the interest rate and to minimize finance cost and manages interest rate risk by monitoring of trends of fluctuations in interest rate and establishing plan for countermeasures. Meanwhile, the Company entered into currency interest rate swap contracts amounting to USD 1,785 million (W2,066,673 million) in notional amount to hedge interest rate risk with respect to variable interest rate applied foreign currency denominated borrowings.

 

  i)

Profile

The interest rate profile of the Company’s interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Fixed rate instruments

     

Financial assets

   W 1,182,579        550,644  

Financial liabilities

     (6,066,554      (5,033,515
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W (4,883,975      (4,482,871
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Variable rate instruments

     

Financial liabilities

   W (2,458,789      (1,105,976

 

  ii)

Equity and profit or loss sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, a change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below for the respective following years. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant.

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Equity      Profit or loss  
     1%p
increase
     1%p
decrease
     1%p
increase
     1%p
decrease
 

December 31, 2019

           

Variable rate instruments(*)

   W (2,847      2,847        (2,847      2,847  

December 31, 2018

           

Variable rate instruments(*)

   W (8,018      8,018        (8,018      8,018  

 

(*)

Financial instruments related to currency interest rate swap not qualified for hedging are excluded.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (b)

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from customers.

The Company’s exposure to credit risk of trade and other receivables is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management believes that the default risk of the country in which each customer operates, do not have a significant influence on credit risk since the majority of the customers are global electronic appliance manufacturers operating in global markets.

The Company establishes credit limits for each customer and each new customer is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively before determining whether to utilize third party guarantees, insurance or factoring as appropriate.

In relation to the impairment of financial assets subsequent to initial recognition, the Company recognizes the changes in expected credit loss (“ECL”) at each reporting date in order to reflect changes in the credit risks based on ECL model.

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     December 31,
2019
     December 31,
2018
 

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   W 1,105,245        473,283  

Deposits in banks

     77,268        77,211  

Trade accounts and notes receivable, net

     3,565,860        3,389,108  

Non-trade receivables

     438,659        316,069  

Accrued income

     1,281        5,894  

Deposits

     13,125        13,418  

Short-term loans

     21,623        16,116  

Long-term loans

     40,827        55,048  

Long-term non-trade receivables

     19,899        25,823  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 5,283,787        4,371,970  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

     

Convertible bonds

   W 1,544        1,327  

Derivatives

     49,676        13,059  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 51,220        14,386  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

     

Debt instruments

   W 76        161  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 5,335,083        4,386,517  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In addition to the financial assets above, as of December 31, 2019, the Company provides payment guarantees in connection with the principal amount of credit facilities amounting to USD 1,302 million (W1,506,921 million) and payables for facility purchases amounting to USD 57 million (W66,150 million), for its subsidiary.

Trade accounts and notes receivables are insured in order to manage credit risk if it does not meet the Company’s internal credit ratings. Uninsured trade accounts and notes receivables are managed by continuous monitoring of internal credit ratings and seeking insurance coverage, if necessary.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (c)

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or other financial asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

The Company has historically been able to satisfy its cash requirements from cash flows from operations and debt and equity financing. To the extent that the Company does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet its capital requirements, the Company relies on other financing activities, such as external long-term borrowings and offerings of debt securities, equity-linked and other debt securities. In addition, the Company maintains a line of credit with various banks.

 

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments, as of December 31, 2019.

 

(In millions of won)           Contractual cash flows in  
     Carrying
amount
     Total     6 months
or less
     6-12
months
     1-2
years
    2-5
years
    More
than 5
years
 

Non-derivative financial liabilities

                 

Borrowings

   W 5,374,125        5,813,355       691,013        523,231        1,070,782       3,389,181       139,148  

Bonds

     3,151,218        3,306,729       297,649        184,878        908,281       1,780,014       135,907  

Trade accounts and notes payable

     2,682,403        2,682,403       2,682,403        —          —         —         —    

Other accounts payable

     1,001,024        1,001,024       999,958        1,066        —         —         —    

Other accounts payable (enterprise procurement cards)(*1)

     2,328,016        2,353,355       1,287,023        1,066,332        —         —         —    

Long-term other accounts payable

     1,062        1,062       —          —          1,062       —         —    

Payment guarantee(*2)

     16,502        1,637,522       51,094        118,907        316,255       1,079,665       71,601  

Security deposits received

     11,000        11,000       3,980        5,330        1,690       —         —    

Lease liabilities

     6,557        6,748       2,889        1,608        1,741       510       —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative financial liabilities

                 

Derivatives

   W 20,592        (13,101     —          —          (4,870     (8,231     —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W 14,592,499        16,800,097       6,016,009        1,901,352        2,294,941       6,241,139       346,656  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Represents the amount of utility expenses and others paid by enterprise procurement cards and the outstanding payables are settled at the end of the billing cycle. The payments to the card company arises from operating activities of purchasing of goods and services thus the related cash flow is disclosed as operating activities.

(*2)

Contractual cash flows of payment guarantee is identical to timing of principal payment and represent the maximum amount that the Company could be required to pay the guarantee amount.

It is not expected that the cash flows included in the maturity analysis could occur significantly earlier, or at significantly different amounts.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (d)

Capital Management

Management’s policy is to maintain a capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Liabilities to equity ratio, net borrowings to equity ratio and other financial ratios are used by management to achieve an optimal capital structure. Management also monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends to ordinary shareholders.

 

(In millions of won)             
     December 31,
2019
    December 31,
2018
 

Total liabilities

   W 16,716,587       13,849,525  

Total equity

     10,666,093       13,212,581  

Cash and deposits in banks (*1)

     1,182,502       550,483  

Borrowings (including bonds)

     8,525,343       6,139,491  

Total liabilities to equity ratio

     157     105

Net borrowings to equity ratio (*2)

     69     42

 

(*1)

Cash and deposits in banks consist of cash and cash equivalents and current deposits in banks.

(*2)

Net borrowings to equity ratio is calculated by dividing total borrowings (including bonds and excluding lease liabilities) less cash and current deposits in banks by total equity.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (e)

Determination of fair value

 

  (i)

Measurement of fair value

A number of the Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.

 

  i)

Current Assets and Liabilities

The carrying amounts approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

 

  ii)

Trade receivables and other receivables

The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated as the present value of future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes. The carrying amounts of current receivables approximate their fair value.

 

  iii)

Investments in equity and debt securities

The fair value of marketable financial assets at FVTPL and at FVOCI is determined by reference to their quoted closing bid price at the reporting date. The fair value of non-marketable instruments is determined using the results of fair value assessment performed by external valuation institution and others.

 

  iv)

Non-derivative financial liabilities

Fair value, which is determined for disclosure purposes, except for the liabilities at FVTPL, is calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (ii)

Fair values versus carrying amounts

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the separate statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  
     Carrying
amounts
     Fair
values
     Carrying
amounts
     Fair
values
 

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

           

Cash and cash equivalents

   W 1,105,245        (*)        473,283        (*)  

Deposits in banks

     77,268        (*)        77,211        (*)  

Trade accounts and notes receivable

     3,565,860        (*)        3,389,108        (*)  

Non-trade receivables

     438,659        (*)        316,069        (*)  

Accrued income

     1,281        (*)        5,894        (*)  

Deposits

     13,125        (*)        13,418        (*)  

Short-term loans

     21,623        (*)        16,116        (*)  

Long-term loans

     40,827        (*)        55,048        (*)  

Long-term non-trade receivables

     19,899        (*)        25,823        (*)  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

           

Equity instruments

   W 2,997        2,997        7,344        7,344  

Convertible bonds

     1,544        1,544        1,327        1,327  

Derivatives

     49,676        49,676        13,059        13,059  

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

           

Debt instruments

   W 76        76        161        161  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

           

Derivatives

   W 20,592        20,592        25,758        25,758  

Convertible bonds

     858,385        858,385        —          —    

Financial liabilities carried at amortized cost

           

Borrowings

   W 5,374,125        5,438,952        3,807,234        3,862,709  

Bonds

     2,292,833        2,345,867        2,332,257        2,384,987  

Trade accounts and notes payable

     2,682,403        (*)        3,186,123        (*)  

Other accounts payable

     3,329,040        (*)        1,746,412        (*)  

Long-term other accounts payable

     1,062        (*)        3,081        (*)  

Payment guarantee liabilities

     16,502        (*)        19,068        (*)  

Security deposits received

     11,000        (*)        10,955        (*)  

Lease liabilities

     6,557        (*)        —          —    

 

(*)

Excluded from disclosures as the carrying amount approximates fair value.

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  (iii)

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

 

  i)

Fair value hierarchy

The table below analyzes financial instruments carried at fair value based on the input variables used in the valuation method to measure fair value of assets and liabilities. The different levels have been defined as follows:

 

   

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

 

   

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly

 

   

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data

 

  ii)

Financial instruments measured at fair value

Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial instruments that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

           

Equity instruments

   W —          —          2,997        2,997  

Convertible bonds

     —          —          1,544        1,544  

Derivatives

     —          —          49,676        49,676  

Financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income

           

Debt instruments

     76        —          —          76  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

           

Derivatives

     —          —          20,592        20,592  

Convertible bonds

     858,385        —          —          858,385  
(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

           

Equity instruments

   W —          —          7,344        7,344  

Convertible bonds

     —          —          1,327        1,327  

Derivatives

     —          —          13,059        13,059  

Financial asset at fair value through other comprehensive income

           

Debt instruments

     161        —          —          161  

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

           

Derivatives

     —          —          25,758        25,758  

 

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26.

Financial Risk Management, Continued

 

  iii)

Financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed

Fair value hierarchy classifications, valuation technique and inputs for fair value measurements of the financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    December 31, 2019      Valuation
technique
     Input  

Classification

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Liabilities

              

Borrowings

   W —          —          5,438,952       
Discounted
cash flow
 
 
    
Discount
rate
 
 

Bonds

     —          —          2,345,867       
Discounted
cash flow
 
 
    
Discount
rate
 
 
(In millions of won)    December 31, 2018      Valuation
technique
     Input  

Classification

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Liabilities

              

Borrowings

   W —          —          3,862,709       
Discounted
cash flow
 
 
    
Discount
rate
 
 

Bonds

     —          —          2,384,987       
Discounted
cash flow
 
 
    
Discount
rate
 
 

 

  iv)

The interest rates applied for determination of the above fair value as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

     December 31,
2019
  December 31,
2018
Borrowings, bonds and others    1.87~3.56%   2.09~3.37%

 

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27.

Leases

Refer to accounting policies in Note 3(l).

The Company leases buildings, vehicles, machinery and equipment and others. Information about leases for which the Company is a lessee is presented below.

 

  (i)

Right-of-use assets

Right-of-use assets are presented as property, plant and equipment (see Note 9(a)).

 

(In millions of won)                                     
     Buildings     Land     Machinery
and
equipment
    Vehicles     Others     Total  

Balance at January 1

   W 9,338       —         1,021       5,922       51       16,332  

Additions

     307       2       1,271       2,253       41       3,874  

Depreciation

     (8,602     (1     (1,091     (3,726     (62     (13,482

Impairment

     (121     —         (21     (167     —         (309
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31

   W 922       1       1,180       4,282       30       6,415  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

  (ii)

Amounts recognized in profit or loss not from right-of-use assets

 

(In millions of won)       
     December 31,
2019
 
Interest on lease liabilities    W (357
Expenses relating to short-term leases      (417

Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets

     (257

 

  (iii)

Lease liabilities

 

(In millions of won)       
     December 31,
2019
 

Balance at January 1, 2019

   W 16,332  
Additions      3,874  
Interest expense      357  
Repayment of liabilities      (14,006
  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

   W 6,557  
  

 

 

 

 

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28.

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                                             
     January 1,
2019
     Cash flows
from
financing
activities
    Non-cash transactions     December 31,
2019
 
    Reclassification     Gain or
loss on
foreign
currency
translation
    Effective
interest
adjustment
     Others  

Short-term borrowings

   W —          336,580       —         10,760       —          —         347,340  

Current portion of long-term borrowings and bonds

     1,040,148        (1,043,649     1,114,595       5,541       583        —         1,117,218  

Payment guarantee liabilities

     19,068        5,068       —         —         —          (7,634     16,502  

Long-term borrowings

     3,326,744        1,669,148       (705,134     28,511       —          —         4,319,269  

Bonds

     1,772,599        1,323,251       (409,461     (20,351     10,568        64,910       2,741,516  

Lease liabilities

     16,332        (14,006     —         —         357        3,874       6,557  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
   W 6,174,891        2,276,392       —         24,461       11,508        61,150       8,548,402  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others

 

  (a)

Related parties

Related parties as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:

 

Classification

  

Description

Subsidiaries(*)    LG Display America, Inc. and others
Associates(*)    Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. and others
Entity that has significant influence over the Company    LG Electronics Inc.
Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Company    Subsidiaries of LG Electronics Inc.

 

(*)

Details of subsidiaries and associates are described in Note 8.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (b)

Significant transactions such as sales of goods and purchases of raw material and outsourcing service and others, which occurred in the normal course of business with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)    2019  
     Sales
and others
     Dividend
income
     Purchase and others  
     Purchase
of raw
material
and others
     Acquisition of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

Subsidiaries

                 

LG Display America, Inc.

   W 9,425,243        —          —          —          —          6  

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

     2,229,825        —          —          —          —          5  

LG Display Germany GmbH

     1,676,418        —          —          —          —          4,452  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

     1,433,672        —          —          —          —          595  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

     9,791        —          3,671        —          1,423,501        28,206  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

     978,886        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o.

     47        —          —          —          7,535        1,717  

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

     111,242        —          11,987        —          2,105,906        33,014  

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

     407,115        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

     2,156        —          14,047        —          1,250,772        11,175  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

     15        11,120        1,399,183        —          —          2,550  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

     1,133,923        —          —          —          —          1,305  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

     355,887        —          2        —          —          1,119  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

     191        —          —          —          —          22,001  

Global OLED Technology, LLC

     —          —          —          —          —          5,859  

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

     1,181,187        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     18,797        —          122,807        —          1,114,903        26,668  

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

     158,065        —          239        —          —          —    

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.

     40,951        —          1,190        —          41,612        182  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 19,163,411        11,120        1,553,126        —          5,944,229        138,854  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2019  
     Sales
and Others
     Dividend
income
     Purchase and others  
     Purchase of
raw
material
and others
     Acquisition of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

Associates and their subsidiaries

                 

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

   W —          —          27        —          —          5  

INVENIA Co., Ltd.(*1)

     —          180        1,024        8,700        —          297  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.

     2,639        265        —          —          73,323        891  

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

     —          6,057        342,958        —          —          4,416  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     —          1,000        6,764        13,949        —          3,655  

Material Science Co., Ltd.

     —          —          59        —          —          313  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,639        7,502        350,832        22,649        73,323        9,577  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Entity that has significant influence over the Company

                 

LG Electronics Inc.

   W 942,455        —          10,568        224,854        —          138,789  

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2019  
     Sales
and others
     Dividend
income
     Purchase and others  
     Purchase
of raw
material
and others
     Acquisition
of
property,
plant and
equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other
costs
 

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Company

                 

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd.

   W 87,116        —          —          —          —          194  

LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     277,743        —          —          —          —          924  

LG Electronics Reynosa S.A. DE C.V.

     —          —          —          —          —          1,155  

LG Electronics S.A. (Pty) Ltd.

     2,384        —          —          —          —          21  

LG Electronics Mexicalli, S.A. DE C.V.

     1,848        —          —          —          —          85  

LG Electronics RUS, LLC

     770        —          —          —          —          1,698  

LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E.

     97,359        —          —          —          —          241  

LG Electronics (Kunshan) Computer Co., Ltd.

     385        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Innotek Co., Ltd.

     6,954        —          34,194        —          —          79,155  

LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd.(*2)

     —          —          —          68,282        —          —    

Inspur LG Digital Mobile Communications Co., Ltd.

     36,182        —          —          —          —          —    

Qingdao LG Inspur Digital Communication Co., Ltd.

     21,377        —          —          —          —          —    

Hi Entech Co., Ltd.(*2)

     47        —          —          —          —          21,576  

Others

     41,662        —          —          —          —          12,155  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 573,827        —          34,194        68,282        —          117,204  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 20,682,332        18,622        1,948,720        315,785        6,017,552        404,424  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Represents transactions occurred prior to the Company’s disposal of the entire investments

(*2)

Represents transactions occurred prior to LG Electronics Inc.’s disposal of the entire investments

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2018  
                   Purchase and others  
     Sales
and others
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of raw
material and
others
     Acquisition of
property, plant
and equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other costs  

Subsidiaries

                 

LG Display America, Inc.

   W 8,944,621        —          —          —          —          9  

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

     2,413,437        —          —          —          —          2,158  

LG Display Germany GmbH

     1,796,479        —          —          —          —          5,558  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

     1,488,447        —          —          —          —          568  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

     13,840        —          6,037        —          1,321,700        27,142  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

     963,865        —          —          —          —          52  

LG Display Poland Sp. z o.o.

     329        —          —          —          37,307        16  

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

     52,168        —          14,043        —          1,930,113        14,194  

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

     1,312,088        —          —          —          —          4  

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

     23,018        —          25,759        —          1,358,502        13,597  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

     328        90,281        1,409,953        —          —          1,253  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

     1,087,835        —          —          —          —          38  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

     392,318        —          —          —          8        38  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

     180        —          —          —          —          21,356  

Global OLED Technology, LLC

     —          —          —          —          —          6,007  

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

     782,603        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     39,639        —          36,013        —          830,170        6,175  

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

     178,357        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.

     12,434        —          —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 19,501,986        90,281        1,491,805        —          5,477,800        98,165  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2018  
                   Purchase and others  
     Sales
and Others
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of raw
material and
others
     Acquisition of
property, plant
and equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other costs  

Associates and their subsidiaries

                 

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

   W —          —          50        —          —          144  

INVENIA Co., Ltd.

     —          30        1,608        28,657        —          795  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.

     —          530        —          —          71,403        905  

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

     —          4,172        364,183        —          —          4,411  

LB Gemini New Growth Fund No.16(*)

     1,112        540        —          —          —          —    

YAS Co., Ltd.

     —          —          5,281        25,422        —          3,391  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 1,112        5,272        371,122        54,079        71,403        9,646  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Entity that has significant influence over the Company

                 

LG Electronics Inc.

   W 1,207,372        —          31,161        454,555        —          107,861  

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)    2018  
                   Purchase and others  
     Sales
and others
     Dividend
income
     Purchase of raw
material and
others
     Acquisition of
property, plant
and equipment
     Outsourcing
fees
     Other costs  

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Company

                 

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd.

   W 71,798        —          —          —          —          103  

LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     173,051        —          —          —          —          166  

LG Electronics Reynosa S.A. DE C.V.

     33,225        —          —          —          —          2,021  

LG Electronics Almaty Kazakhstan

     3,759        —          —          —          —          42  

LG Electronics S.A. (Pty) Ltd.

     7,244        —          —          —          —          20  

LG Electronics Mexicalli, S.A. DE C.V.

     10,296        —          —          —          —          210  

LG Electronics RUS, LLC

     2,201        —          —          —          —          1,862  

LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E.

     25,491        —          —          —          —          16  

LG Electronics (Kunshan) Computer Co., Ltd.

     4,804        —          —          —          —          —    

LG Innotek Co., Ltd.

     29,148        —          137,949        —          —          38,930  

LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd.

     9,100        —          —          285,514        —          8,980  

Inspur LG Digital Mobile Communications Co., Ltd.

     69,769        —          —          —          —          1  

Qingdao LG Inspur Digital Communication Co., Ltd.

     37,738        —          —          —          —          —    

HiEntech Co., Ltd.

     —          —          —          —          —          29,215  

Others

     2,185        —          27        —          —          9,498  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 479,809        —          137,976        285,514        —          91,064  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 21,190,279        95,553        2,032,064        794,148        5,549,203        306,736  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Represents transactions occurred prior to LG Electronics Inc.’s disposal of the entire investments

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (c)

Trade accounts and notes receivable and payable as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)       
     Trade accounts and notes receivable
and others
     Trade accounts and notes payable
and others
 
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018      December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Subsidiaries

           

LG Display America, Inc.

   W 937,409        1,031,718        —          —    

LG Display Japan Co., Ltd.

     274,964        349,814        5        5  

LG Display Germany GmbH

     382,463        433,077        2,794        4,332  

LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd.

     454,563        274,860        104        34  

LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd.

     1,358        2,448        220,327        272,991  

LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd.

     172,259        168,117        3        1  

LG Display Poland Sp. z o. o

     —          30        —          6,849  

LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.

     12,465        167,814        313,756        196,070  

LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd.

     351,322        377,145        —          —    

LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd.

     116,494        32,759        2        —    

LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd.

     —          115        149,715        382,448  

LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.

     22        —          112,053        187,004  

LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd.

     298,132        85,680        21        1  

L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited

     46,375        62,336        199,349        139,171  

Nanumnuri Co., Ltd.

     —          —          3,866        2,065  

Global OLED Technology LLC

     —          —          —          1,146  

LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     24,385        22,113        395,429        340,780  

Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd.

     24,830        32,641        46        —    

LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.

     1,722        17,333        54,662        3,362  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,098,763        3,058,000        1,452,132        1,536,259  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)       
     Trade accounts and notes receivable
and others
     Trade accounts and notes payable
and others
 
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018      December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Associates and their subsidiaries

           

WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.

   W —          —          8        6  

INVENIA Co., Ltd. (*1)

     —          2,000        —          1,671  

AVATEC Co., Ltd.

     —          —          1,029        4,382  

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

     —          —          62,853        60,566  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     —          —          4,533        2,709  

Material Science Co., Ltd.

     —          —          8        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W —          2,000        68,431        69,334  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Entity that has significant influence over the Company

           

LG Electronics Inc.

   W 208,870        247,134        110,784        99,574  

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)       
     Trade accounts and notes receivable
and others
     Trade accounts and notes payable
and others
 
     December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018      December 31, 2019      December 31, 2018  

Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Company

           

LG Innotek Co., Ltd.

   W 4        2,782        29,613        45,815  

LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd. (*2)

     —          9,100        —          47,463  

HiEntech Co., Ltd. (*2)

     —          —          —          4,782  

Inspur LG Digital Mobile Communications Co., Ltd

     —          6,137        —          —    

LG Electronics Reynosa S.A. DE C.V

     —          2,572        62        134  

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd.

     6,113        9,047        —          29  

LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd.

     47,740        25,544        29        —    

LG Electronics S.A. (Pty) Ltd.

     —          896        —          5  

LG Electronics RUS, LLC

     —          —          67        —    

LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E

     9,432        10,296        —          —    

LG Electronics (Kunshan) Computer Co., Ltd.

     —          1,370        —          —    

Qingdao LG Inspur Digital Communication Co., Ltd.

     6,456        3,530        —          —    

Others

     12,757        3,340        1,768        1,275  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 82,502        74,614        31,539        99,503  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,390,135        3,381,748        1,662,886        1,804,670  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*1)

Excluded from related parties due to the Company’s disposal of equity investments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

(*2)

Excluded from related parties due to LG Electronics Inc.’s disposal of the entire investments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (d)

Details of significant cash transactions such as grant of loans and collection of loans, which occurred with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Loans (*1)  

Associates

   January 1,
2019
     Increase      Decrease
(*2)
     December 31,
2019
 

INVENIA Co., Ltd.

   W 2,000        1,000        (3,000      —    

 

(*1)

Loans are presented based on nominal amounts.

(*2)

Excluded from related parties due to disposal of equity investments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

(In millions of won)                            
     Loans (*)  

Associates

   January 1,
2018
     Increase      Decrease      December 31,
2018
 

INVENIA Co., Ltd.

   W 2,375        —          (375      2,000  

YAS Co., Ltd.

     375        —          (375      —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 2,750        —          (750      2,000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Loans are presented based on nominal amounts.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (e)

Conglomerate Transactions

Transactions, trade accounts and notes receivable and payable, and others between the Company and certain companies and their subsidiaries, which are included in LG Group, one of the conglomerates according to the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows. These entities are not related parties according to K-IFRS No. 1024, Related Party Disclosures.

 

(In millions of won)                            
     For the year ended December 31, 2019      December 31, 2019  
     Sales
and others
     Purchase and
others
     Trade accounts and
notes receivable

and others
     Trade accounts and
notes payable and
others
 

LG International Corp. and its subsidiaries

   W 625,575        113,913        93,622        45,363  

LG Uplus Corp.

     —          2,352        —          208  

LG Chem Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     149        594,264        23        53,428  

S&I Corp. and its subsidiaries (formerly, Serveone)

     867        360,023        21,307        85,312  

Silicon Works Co., Ltd.

     92        671,822        —          88,355  

LG Corp.

     —          55,059        8,781        —    

LG Management Development Institute

     —          8,606        3,480        231  

LG CNS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     —          166,820        —          58,967  

LG Hausys Ltd.

     3        1        —          —    

G2R Inc. and its subsidiaries

     —          72,639        —          29,540  

Robostar Co., Ltd.

     —          2,155        —          —    

Others(*)

     11        106,045        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 626,697        2,153,699        127,213        361,404  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*)

Due to S&I Corp.’s disposal of partial investments in Serveone in May 2019, Serveone was reclassified from one of the S&I Corp.’s subsidiaries to associates. Accordingly, transactions with S&I Corp. after the disposal are classified as others. In addition, due to LG Electronics Inc.’s disposal of entire investments in HiEntech Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries and LG Hitachi Water Solutions Co., Ltd. in September 2019, transactions after the disposal are presented as others.

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

(In millions of won)                            
     For the year ended December 31, 2018      December 31, 2018  
     Sales
and others
     Purchase and
others
     Trade accounts and
notes receivable

and others
     Trade accounts and
notes payable and
others
 

LG International Corp. and its subsidiaries

   W 715,580        190,091        82,965        82,028  

LG Uplus Corp.

     21        1,739        —          178  

LG Chem Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     1,648        776,031        14        93,274  

Serveone and its subsidiaries

     388        1,166,309        21,307        239,091  

Silicon Works Co., Ltd.

     —          713,093        —          140,694  

LG Corp.

     —          54,434        11,246        —    

LG Management Development Institute

     —          9,734        3,480        441  

LG CNS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries

     —          210,344        —          72,694  

LG Hausys Ltd.

     1,111        4        —          3  

G2R Inc. and its subsidiaries

     —          57,744        —          19,773  

Robostar Co., Ltd.

     —          1,374        —          530  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 718,748        3,180,897        119,012        648,706  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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29.

Related Parties and Others, Continued

 

  (f)

Key management personnel compensation    

Compensation costs of key management for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Short-term benefits

   W 2,664        2,622  

Expenses related to the defined benefit plan

     553        794  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   W 3,217        3,416  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Key management refers to the registered directors who have significant control and responsibilities over the Company’s operations and business.

 

30.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

(In millions of won)              
     2019      2018  

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

     

Changes in other accounts payable arising from the purchase of property, plant and equipment

   W (661,330      (725,744

Changes in other receivable arising from the investments of dividends received from subsidiaries

     (177,509      (405,992

Recognition of right of use assets and lease liabilities

     3,874        —    

Capital contribution of property, plant and equipment in subsidiaries

     —          343,163  

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

    LG Display Co., Ltd.
    (Registrant)
Date: March 31, 2020     By:  

/s/ Heeyeon Kim

      (Signature)
    Name:   Heeyeon Kim
    Title:   Head of IR / Vice President

 

253

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