UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x
|
QUARTERLY
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
|
|
|
|
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
o
|
TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
|
|
|
|
For the transition period
from to
|
Commission
file number: 001-33437
KKR FINANCIAL HOLDINGS LLC
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
|
|
11-3801844
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
|
|
|
|
555 California Street, 50
th
Floor
San Francisco, CA
(Address of principal executive offices)
|
|
94104
(Zip Code)
|
Registrants telephone
number, including area code:
(415) 315-3620
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x
Yes
o
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted
electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post
such files). Yes
o
No
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer
and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
Large accelerated filer
o
|
Accelerated filer
x
|
|
|
Non-accelerated filer
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
|
Smaller reporting company
o
|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
o
Yes
x
No
The number of shares of the registrants common shares outstanding as
of August 3, 2009 was 158,139,238.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
Item
1.
|
Financial
Statements
|
|
Item
2.
|
Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
|
|
Item
3.
|
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
|
|
Item
4.
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
|
Part II.
OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
Item
1.
|
Legal
Proceedings
|
|
Item
1A.
|
Risk
Factors
|
|
Item
2.
|
Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
|
|
Item
3.
|
Defaults
Upon Senior Securities
|
|
Item
4.
|
Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
|
|
Item
5.
|
Other
Information
|
|
Item
6.
|
Exhibits
|
|
2
PART I.
|
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
Item 1. Financial Statements
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share information)
|
|
June 30,
2009
|
|
December 31,
2008
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
114,353
|
|
$
|
41,430
|
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
288,944
|
|
1,233,585
|
|
Securities available-for-sale, $603,979 and $553,441
pledged as collateral as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively
|
|
604,916
|
|
555,965
|
|
Corporate loans, net of allowance for loan losses
of $473,202 and $480,775 as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively
|
|
6,646,440
|
|
7,246,797
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities, at
estimated fair value, $76,572 and $102,814 pledged as collateral as of
June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
|
|
76,572
|
|
102,814
|
|
Residential mortgage loans, at estimated fair
value
|
|
2,218,319
|
|
2,620,021
|
|
Corporate loans held for sale
|
|
168,547
|
|
324,649
|
|
Private equity investments, at estimated fair
value
|
|
54,016
|
|
5,287
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
11,562
|
|
73,869
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
83,395
|
|
116,788
|
|
Reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
80,344
|
|
88,252
|
|
Other assets
|
|
98,186
|
|
105,625
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
10,445,594
|
|
$
|
12,515,082
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured
notes
|
|
$
|
5,793,906
|
|
$
|
7,487,611
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation junior secured
notes to affiliates
|
|
632,542
|
|
655,313
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
256,597
|
|
275,633
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
275,800
|
|
291,500
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
288,671
|
|
288,671
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued, at
estimated fair value
|
|
2,080,592
|
|
2,462,882
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
liabilities
|
|
37,694
|
|
60,124
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
34,602
|
|
61,119
|
|
Accrued interest payable to affiliates
|
|
3,245
|
|
3,987
|
|
Related party payable
|
|
5,960
|
|
2,876
|
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
77,637
|
|
90,809
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
58,734
|
|
171,212
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
9,545,980
|
|
11,851,737
|
|
Shareholders Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred shares, no par value, 50,000,000 shares
authorized and none issued and outstanding at June 30, 2009 and
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares, no par value, 500,000,000 shares
authorized, and 158,139,238 and 150,881,500 shares issued and outstanding at
June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in-capital
|
|
2,559,898
|
|
2,550,849
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
|
(49,195
|
)
|
(268,782
|
)
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
(1,611,089
|
)
|
(1,618,722
|
)
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
899,614
|
|
663,345
|
|
Total liabilities and
shareholders equity
|
|
$
|
10,445,594
|
|
$
|
12,515,082
|
|
See notes to condensed
consolidated financial statements.
3
KKR
Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share information)
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Net investment income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities interest income
|
|
$
|
23,252
|
|
$
|
34,788
|
|
$
|
52,104
|
|
$
|
74,597
|
|
Loan interest income
|
|
121,919
|
|
184,550
|
|
251,123
|
|
401,087
|
|
Dividend income
|
|
26
|
|
1,092
|
|
287
|
|
1,908
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
106
|
|
4,998
|
|
462
|
|
16,074
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
145,303
|
|
225,428
|
|
303,976
|
|
493,666
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
(72,403
|
)
|
(128,037
|
)
|
(162,285
|
)
|
(282,102
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
(5,379
|
)
|
(19,707
|
)
|
(11,184
|
)
|
(47,525
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
(12,808
|
)
|
(10,000
|
)
|
(39,795
|
)
|
(10,000
|
)
|
Net investment income
|
|
54,713
|
|
67,684
|
|
90,712
|
|
154,039
|
|
Other loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
and foreign exchange
|
|
26,505
|
|
(5,918
|
)
|
38,901
|
|
(52,934
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized loss on investments
|
|
(46,553
|
)
|
(17,217
|
)
|
(106,757
|
)
|
(30,976
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized loss on residential
mortgage-backed securities, residential mortgage loans, and residential
mortgage-backed securities issued, carried at estimated fair value
|
|
(7,445
|
)
|
(5,594
|
)
|
(26,864
|
)
|
(14,772
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on securities
sold, not yet purchased
|
|
2,479
|
|
1,664
|
|
3,916
|
|
8,650
|
|
Gain on restructuring and extinguishment of debt
|
|
6,892
|
|
17,225
|
|
41,463
|
|
17,225
|
|
Other income
|
|
1,578
|
|
513
|
|
2,911
|
|
5,469
|
|
Total other loss
|
|
(16,544
|
)
|
(9,327
|
)
|
(46,430
|
)
|
(67,338
|
)
|
Non-investment expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
10,304
|
|
10,387
|
|
21,516
|
|
19,546
|
|
General, administrative and directors expenses
|
|
2,975
|
|
5,752
|
|
5,378
|
|
10,274
|
|
Professional services
|
|
2,090
|
|
1,071
|
|
5,475
|
|
2,928
|
|
Loan servicing
|
|
2,056
|
|
2,391
|
|
4,192
|
|
4,960
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
17,425
|
|
19,601
|
|
36,561
|
|
37,708
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income
tax expense
|
|
20,744
|
|
38,756
|
|
7,721
|
|
48,993
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
(135
|
)
|
(116
|
)
|
(88
|
)
|
(116
|
)
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
20,609
|
|
38,640
|
|
7,633
|
|
48,877
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
(1,079
|
)
|
|
|
2,668
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
20,609
|
|
$
|
37,561
|
|
$
|
7,633
|
|
$
|
51,545
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
Income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.37
|
|
Income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
151,202
|
|
146,025
|
|
150,462
|
|
130,289
|
|
Diluted
|
|
151,202
|
|
146,025
|
|
150,462
|
|
130,289
|
|
See notes to condensed
consolidated financial statements.
4
KKR
Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders Equity
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
Common
Shares
|
|
Paid-In
Capital
|
|
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Loss
|
|
Accumulated
Deficit
|
|
Comprehensive
Income
|
|
Total
Shareholders
Equity
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2009
|
|
150,881
|
|
$
|
2,550,849
|
|
$
|
(268,782
|
)
|
$
|
(1,618,722
|
)
|
|
|
$
|
663,345
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,633
|
|
$
|
7,633
|
|
7,633
|
|
Net change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,991
|
|
|
|
31,991
|
|
31,991
|
|
Net change in unrealized loss on securities
available-for-sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
187,596
|
|
|
|
187,596
|
|
187,596
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
227,220
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common shares
|
|
7,258
|
|
8,808
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,808
|
|
Share-based compensation expense related to
restricted common shares
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2009
|
|
158,139
|
|
$
|
2,559,898
|
|
$
|
(49,195
|
)
|
$
|
(1,611,089
|
)
|
|
|
$
|
899,614
|
|
See notes to
condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Condensed
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)
|
|
For the six months
ended June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six months
ended June 30, 2008
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$
|
7,633
|
|
$
|
51,545
|
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
realized and unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives, foreign exchange, and
securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
(42,817
|
)
|
44,284
|
|
Gain on restructuring and extinguishment of debt
|
|
(41,463
|
)
|
(17,225
|
)
|
Write-off
of debt issuance costs
|
|
112
|
|
1,071
|
|
Lower
of cost or estimated fair value adjustment on corporate loans held for sale
|
|
39,728
|
|
2,637
|
|
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
39,795
|
|
10,000
|
|
Impairment
on securities available-for-sale
|
|
40,013
|
|
9,688
|
|
Share-based
compensation
|
|
241
|
|
1,013
|
|
Net realized
and unrealized loss (gain) on residential mortgage-backed securities,
residential mortgage loans, and liabilities at estimated fair value
|
|
26,864
|
|
(4,824
|
)
|
Net
realized and unrealized loss on investments
|
|
27,016
|
|
20,150
|
|
Depreciation
and net amortization
|
|
(23,753
|
)
|
(14,516
|
)
|
Changes
in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
and principal receivable
|
|
39,238
|
|
41,049
|
|
Other
assets
|
|
(11,382
|
)
|
(7,325
|
)
|
Related
party payable
|
|
3,084
|
|
(4,255
|
)
|
Accounts
payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
|
|
(50,670
|
)
|
(43,223
|
)
|
Accrued
interest payable
|
|
(20,070
|
)
|
(16,808
|
)
|
Accrued
interest payable to affiliates
|
|
11,058
|
|
36,614
|
|
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
|
44,627
|
|
109,875
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
payments from investments
|
|
517,202
|
|
966,000
|
|
Proceeds
from sale of investments
|
|
1,001,814
|
|
823,721
|
|
Purchases
of investments
|
|
(473,596
|
)
|
(1,337,887
|
)
|
Net
proceeds, purchases, and settlements of derivatives
|
|
20,099
|
|
18,131
|
|
Net
change in reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
7,908
|
|
69,840
|
|
Net
reductions to restricted cash and cash equivalents
|
|
944,641
|
|
337,847
|
|
Net
cash provided by investing activities
|
|
2,018,068
|
|
877,652
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
change in repurchase agreements, secured revolving credit facility, and
secured demand loan
|
|
(19,036
|
)
|
(2,620,935
|
)
|
Net
change in asset-backed secured liquidity notes
|
|
|
|
(136,596
|
)
|
Repayment
of residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
(269,238
|
)
|
(363,500
|
)
|
Repayment
of collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
(1,700,860
|
)
|
|
|
Issuance
of collateralized loan obligation senior secured notes
|
|
|
|
1,600,000
|
|
Net
change in subordinated notes to affiliates
|
|
|
|
(47,880
|
)
|
Net
change in junior subordinated notes
|
|
|
|
(18,857
|
)
|
Net
proceeds from common share offering
|
|
|
|
383,631
|
|
Distributions
on common shares
|
|
|
|
(117,958
|
)
|
Other
capitalized costs
|
|
(638
|
)
|
(504
|
)
|
Net
cash used in financing activities
|
|
(1,989,772
|
)
|
(1,322,599
|
)
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents
|
|
72,923
|
|
(335,072
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
41,430
|
|
524,080
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$
|
114,353
|
|
$
|
189,008
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
paid for interest
|
|
$
|
183,550
|
|
$
|
357,894
|
|
Cash
paid for income taxes
|
|
$
|
373
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
payable (receivable) for securities purchased
|
|
$
|
28,238
|
|
$
|
(660
|
)
|
Conversion
from corporate loans to corporate securities
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
228,350
|
|
Distributions
of securities to the asset-backed secured liquidity noteholders
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
3,623,049
|
|
Conversion
of corporate loan to private equity investment
|
|
$
|
48,467
|
|
$
|
|
|
Exchange
of convertible senior notes to equity
|
|
$
|
8,808
|
|
$
|
|
|
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
KKR Financial Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Organization
KKR Financial Holdings LLC together with its subsidiaries (the Company
or KKR Financial) is a specialty finance company that uses leverage with the
objective of generating competitive risk-adjusted returns. The Company invests
in financial assets primarily consisting of below investment grade corporate
debt, including senior secured and unsecured loans, mezzanine loans, high yield
corporate bonds, distressed and stressed debt securities, marketable equity
securities, private equity investments and credit default and total rate of
return swaps. The corporate loans the Company invests in are generally referred
to as syndicated bank loans, or leveraged loans, and are purchased via
assignment or participation in either the primary or secondary market. The
majority of the Companys corporate debt investments are held in collateralized
loan obligation (CLO) transactions that the Company uses as long term
financing for these investments. The Companys CLO transactions are structured
as on-balance sheet securitizations of corporate loans and high yield debt
securities. The senior secured notes issued by the CLO transactions are
generally owned by third party investors who are unaffiliated with the Compa
ny and the Company owns the majority of
the mezzanine and subordinated notes in the CLO transactions.
The Company closely
monitors its liquidity position and believes it has sufficient liquidity and
access to liquidity to meet its financial obligations for at least the next 12
months. The Company believes that it is in compliance with the covenants
contained in its borrowing agreements.
KKR Financial Advisors LLC (the Manager), a wholly owned
subsidiary of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (Fixed
Income) LLC, manages the Company pursuant to a management agreement (the Management
Agreement). Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (Fixed
Income) LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts &
Co. L.P. (KKR).
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been
prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America (GAAP). The condensed consolidated financial
statements include the accounts of the Company, consolidated residential
mortgage loan securitization trusts where the Company is the primary
beneficiary, and entities established to complete secured financing
transactions that are considered to be variable interest entities and for which
the Company is the primary beneficiary.
Certain prior period amounts
have been reclassified to conform to the current periods presentation.
These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto
included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2008. The Companys results for any interim period are not necessarily
indicative of results for a full year or any other interim period. In the
opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments have been included for
a fair statement of this interim financial information.
Subsequent Events
The Company
evaluates subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are
issued on August 6, 2009.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported in the Companys condensed consolidated financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from managements estimates.
7
Consolidation
The Company consolidates all non-variable interest entities in which it
holds a greater than 50 percent voting interest. The Company also
consolidates all variable interest entities (VIEs) for which it is considered
to be the primary beneficiary pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) Interpretation No. 46R,
Consolidation
of Variable Interest Entitiesan interpretation of ARB No. 51
,
as revised (FIN 46R). In general, FIN 46R requires an enterprise to
consolidate a VIE when the enterprise holds a variable interest in the VIE and
is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. An enterprise is the
primary beneficiary if it absorbs a majority of the VIEs expected losses,
receives a majority of the VIEs expected residual returns, or both.
KKR Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd. (CLO
2005-1), KKR Financial CLO 2005-2, Ltd. (CLO 2005-2), KKR
Financial CLO 2006-1, Ltd. (CLO 2006-1), KKR Financial
CLO 2007-1, Ltd.
(CLO 2007-1), KKR Financial CLO
2007-A, Ltd. (CLO 2007-A) and KKR Financial CLO 2009-1, Ltd. (CLO
2009-1), are entities established to complete secured financing transactions.
These entities are VIEs and are not considered to be qualifying special-purpose
entities (QSPE) as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140,
Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of
Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities
(SFAS No. 140).
The Company has determined it is the primary beneficiary of these entities and
has included the accounts of these entities in these condensed consolidated
financial statements. Additionally, the Company is the primary beneficiary of
six residential mortgage loan securitization trusts that are not considered to
be QSPEs under SFAS No. 140 and the Company has therefore included the
accounts of these entities in these condensed consolidated financial
statements.
All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
As defined in SFAS No. 157,
Fair
Value Measurements
(SFAS No. 157), fair value is the price
that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where
available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters, or
derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are
not available, valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve
some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is
dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the
instruments complexity for disclosure purposes. Beginning in January 2007,
assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated
balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with
the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in SFAS
No. 157 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with
the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets
for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
The types of assets carried at level 1 fair value generally are
equity securities listed in active markets.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1
that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active
markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset
or liability.
Fair value assets and liabilities that are generally included in this
category are certain corporate debt securities, certain corporate loans held
for sale, certain private equity investments, certain securities sold, not yet
purchased and certain financial instruments classified as derivatives where the
fair value is based on observable market inputs.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or
liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market
activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to
measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.
In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair
value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest
level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The Companys assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair
value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of
factors specific to the asset.
Generally, assets and liabilities carried at fair value and included in
this category are certain corporate debt securities, certain corporate loans
held for sale, certain private equity investments, residential mortgage-backed
securities, residential mortgage loans, real estate owned (REO), residential
mortgage-backed securities issued and certain derivatives.
8
In
the second quarter of 2009, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards
Boards Staff Position (FSP) FAS 157-4,
Determining Fair Value
When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have
Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly
(FSP
FAS 157-4). This FSP provides additional guidance on determining fair value
when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have
significantly decreased when compared with normal market activity for the asset
or liability (or similar assets or liabilities). A significant decrease in the
volume and level of activity for the asset or liability is an indication that
transactions or quoted prices may not be determinative of fair value because in
such market conditions there may be increased instances of transactions that
are not orderly. In those circumstances, further analysis of transactions or
quoted prices is needed, and a significant adjustment to the transactions or
quoted prices may be necessary to estimate fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157.
The adoption of FSP FAS 157-4 did not
have a material impact on the Companys condensed consolidated financial
statements.
If
there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for
the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple
valuation techniques may be appropriate (for example, the use of a market
approach and a present value technique). When weighting indications of fair value resulting from the use of
multiple valuation techniques, a reporting entity shall consider the
reasonableness of the range of fair value estimates. The objective is to
determine the point within that range that is most representative of fair value
under current market conditions. A wide range of fair value estimates may be an
indication that further analysis is needed.
Regardless of the approach taken (i.e. either a
single valuation technique or multiple valuation techniques), even in
circumstances where there has been a significant decrease in the volume and
level of activity for the asset or liability and regardless of the valuation
technique(s) used, the objective of a fair value measurement remains the
same. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid
to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced
liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement
date under current market conditions. Determining the price at which willing
market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market
conditions if there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of
activity for the asset or liability depends on the facts and circumstances and
requires the use of significant judgment. However, a reporting entitys
intention to hold the asset or liability is not relevant in estimating fair
value. Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific
measurement
The FSP also emphasizes that in identifying
transactions that are not orderly, an entity cannot assume that the observable
transaction price is not orderly when the volume and level of activity for the
asset or liability have significantly declined. Instead, an entity must perform
an analysis to determine whether the observable price is representative of a
transaction that is not orderly. In making this determination, an entity cannot
ignore information that is available without undue cost and effort; however,
the entity is not required to undertake all possible efforts. A reporting
entity shall evaluate the circumstances to determine whether the transaction is
orderly based on the weight of the evidence.
The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the
financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of factors,
including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new,
whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market,
and the current market condition. To the extent that valuation is based on
models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the
determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of
judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for
instruments categorized in level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to
measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.
In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy
within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined
based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement in its entirety.
Many financial assets and liabilities have bid and ask prices that can
be observed in the marketplace. Bid prices reflect the highest price that the
Company and others are willing to pay for an asset. Ask prices represent the
lowest price that the Company and others are willing to accept for an asset.
For financial assets and liabilities whose inputs are based on bid-ask prices,
the Company does not require that fair value always be a predetermined point in
the bid-ask range. The Companys policy is to allow for mid-market pricing and
adjusting to the point within the bid-ask range that meets the Companys best
estimate of fair value.
Depending on the relative liquidity in the markets for certain assets,
the Company may transfer assets to level 3 if it determines that
observable quoted prices, obtained directly or indirectly, are not available.
Assets and liabilities that are valued using level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy primarily consist of certain corporate debt securities, certain
private equity investments, certain corporate loans held for sale, residential
mortgage-backed securities, residential mortgage loans, residential
mortgage-backed securities issued and certain over-the-counter (OTC)
derivative contracts. The valuation techniques used for these are described
below.
9
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities, Residential
Mortgage Loans, and Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued:
Residential mortgage-backed securities,
residential mortgage loans, and residential mortgage-backed securities issued
are initially valued at transaction price and are subsequently valued using
industry recognized models (including Intex and Bloomberg) and data for similar
instruments (e.g., nationally recognized pricing services or broker
quotes). The most significant inputs to the valuation of these instruments are
default and loss expectations and market credit spreads.
Corporate Debt Securities:
Corporate debt securities are initially
valued at transaction price and are subsequently valued using market data for
similar instruments (e.g., recent transactions or broker quotes),
comparisons to benchmark derivative indices or valuation models. Valuations
models are based on discounted cash flow techniques, for which the key inputs
are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, market yields for such
instruments and recovery assumptions. Inputs are generally determined based on
relative value analyses, which incorporate similar instruments from similar issuers.
OTC Derivative Contracts:
OTC derivative contracts include forward,
swap and option contracts related to interest rates, foreign currencies, credit
standing of reference entities, and equity prices. The fair value of OTC
derivative products can be modeled using a series of techniques, including
closed-form analytic formulae, such as the Black-Scholes option-pricing model,
and simulation models or a combination thereof. Many pricing models do not
entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed do not
necessitate significant judgment, and the pricing inputs are observed from
actively quoted markets, as is the case for generic interest rate swap and
option contracts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash held in banks and
highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents is recorded in other
interest income.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents represent amounts that are held by
third parties under certain of the Companys financing and derivative
transactions. Interest income earned on restricted cash and cash equivalents is
recorded in other interest income.
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
The Company carries its residential mortgage-backed securities at
estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in income.
Securities Available-for-Sale
The Company classifies its investments in securities as available-for-sale
as the Company may sell them prior to maturity and does not hold them
principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. These investments
are carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported
in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Estimated fair values are
based on quoted market prices, when available, on estimates provided by
independent pricing sources or dealers who make markets in such securities, or
internal valuation models when external sources of fair value are not
available. Upon the sale of a security, the realized net gain or loss is
computed on a weighted-average cost basis. Purchases and sales of securities
are recorded on the trade date.
The
Company monitors its available-for-sale securities portfolio for impairments. A
loss is recognized when it is determined that a decline in the estimated fair
value of a security below its amortized cost is other-than-temporary. The
Company considers many factors in determining whether the impairment of a
security is deemed to be other-than-temporary, including, but not limited to,
the length of time the security has had a decline in estimated fair value below
its amortized cost and the severity of the decline, the amount of the
unrealized loss, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, external
credit ratings and recent changes in such ratings. In addition, for debt
securities, the Company considers its intent to sell the debt security, the
Companys estimation of whether or not it expects to recover the debt securitys
entire amortized cost if it intends to hold the debt security, and whether it
is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the debt
security before its anticipated recovery. For equity securities, the Company
also considers its intent and ability to hold the equity security for a period
of time sufficient for a recovery in value.
10
The amount of the loss that is recognized when it is determined that a
decline in the estimated fair value of a security below its amortized cost is
other-than-temporary is dependent on certain factors. If the security is an
equity security or if the security is a debt security that the Company intends
to sell or estimates that it is more likely than not that the Company will be
required to sell before recovery of its amortized cost, then the impairment
amount recognized in earnings is the entire difference between the estimated
fair value of the security and its amortized cost. For debt securities that the
Company does not intend to sell or estimates that it is not more likely than
not to be required to sell before recovery, the impairment is separated into
the estimated amount relating to credit loss and the estimated amount relating
to all other factors. Only the estimated credit loss amount is recognized in
earnings, with the remainder of the loss amount recognized in other
comprehensive income (loss).
During the second quarter of 2009, the Company
adopted FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2,
Recognition and
Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
(FSP FAS 115-2 and
FAS 124-2), which amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance for debt
securities. The adoption of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 did not have a material
impact on the Companys condensed consolidated financial statements.
Unamortized premiums and unaccreted discounts on securities
available-for-sale are recognized in interest income over the contractual life,
adjusted for actual prepayments, of the securities using the effective interest
method.
Private Equity Investments
Private equity investments are accounted for under either the cost
method or at fair value if the fair value option of accounting has been
elected. The Company reviews its investments accounted for under the cost
method on a quarterly basis for possible other-than-temporary impairment. The
Company reduces the carrying value of the investment and recognizes a loss when
the Company considers a decline in estimated fair value below the cost basis of
the security to be other-than-temporary. Private equity investments recorded at
cost are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Private equity investments carried at fair value are presented separately on
the condensed consolidated balance sheets, with unrealized gains and losses
reported in net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments.
Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Securities sold, not yet purchased consist of equity and debt
securities that the Company has sold short. In order to facilitate a short
sale, the Company borrows the securities from another party and delivers the
securities to the buyer. The Company will be required to cover its short sale
in the future through the purchase of the security in the market at the
prevailing market price and deliver it to the counterparty from which it
borrowed. The Company is exposed to a loss to the extent that the security
price increases during the time from when the Company borrowed the security to
when the Company purchases it in the market to cover the short sale.
Corporate Loans
The Company purchases participations and assignments in corporate loans
in the primary and secondary market. Loans are held for investment and the
Company initially records loans at their purchase prices. The Company
subsequently accounts for loans based on their outstanding principal plus or
minus unaccreted purchase discounts and unamortized purchase premiums. In
certain instances, where the credit fundamentals underlying a particular loan
have materially changed in such a manner that the Companys expected return may
decrease, the Company may elect to sell a loan held for investment. Interest
income on loans includes interest at stated coupon rates adjusted for accretion
of purchase discounts and the amortization of purchase premiums. Unamortized
premiums and unaccreted discounts are recognized in interest income over the
contractual life, adjusted for actual prepayments, of the loans using the
effective interest method.
Residential Mortgage Loans
The Company carries its residential mortgage loans at estimated fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in income.
Corporate Loans Held for Sale
Corporate loans held for sale consist of leveraged loans that the Company
has determined to no longer hold for investment. Corporate loans held for sale
are stated at lower of cost or estimated fair value.
11
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Companys allowance for estimated loan losses represents its
estimate of probable credit losses inherent in its corporate loan portfolio
held for investment as of the balance sheet date. When determining the adequacy
of the allowance for loan losses, the Company considers historical and industry
loss experience, economic conditions and trends, the estimated fair values of
its loans, credit quality trends and other factors that it determines are
relevant. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are charged to current
period earnings through the provision for loan losses. The Companys allowance
for loan losses consists of two components, an allocated component and an
unallocated component. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged
directly to the allowance for loan losses.
The allocated component of the Companys allowance for loan losses
consists of individual loans that are impaired and for which the estimated
allowance for loan losses is determined in accordance with SFAS No. 114,
Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.
The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based on current information
and events, it believes it is probable that it will be unable to collect all
amounts due to it based on the contractual terms of the loan. An impaired loan
may be left on accrual status during the period the Company is pursuing
repayment of the loan; however, the loan is placed on non-accrual status at
such time as: (i) management believes that scheduled debt service payments
may not be paid when contractually due; (ii) the loan becomes 90 days
delinquent; (iii) management determines the borrower is incapable of, or
has ceased efforts toward, curing the cause of the impairment; or (iv) the
net realizable value of the underlying collateral securing the loan decreases
below the Companys carrying value of such loan. While on non-accrual status,
previously recognized accrued interest is reversed if it is determined that
such amounts are not collectible and interest income is recognized only upon
actual receipt.
The unallocated component of the Companys allowance for loan losses is
determined in accordance with SFAS No. 5,
Accounting
for Contingencies
. This component of the allowance for loan losses
represents the Companys estimate of losses inherent, but unidentified, in its
portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The unallocated component of the
allowance for loan losses is estimated based upon a review of the Companys
loan portfolios risk characteristics, risk grouping of loans in the portfolio
based upon estimated probability of default and severity of loss based on loan
type, and consideration of general economic conditions and trends.
Leasehold Improvements and Equipment
Leasehold improvements and equipment are carried at cost less
depreciation and amortization and are reviewed for impairment whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets
might not be recoverable. Equipment is depreciated using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets of three years.
Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter
of their estimated useful lives or lease terms. Leasehold improvements and
equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, are included in
other assets.
Borrowings
The Company finances the acquisition of its investments, including
loans, residential mortgage-backed securities and securities
available-for-sale, primarily through the use of secured borrowings in the form
of securitization transactions structured as secured financings and other
secured and unsecured borrowings. The Company recognizes interest expense on
all borrowings on an accrual basis.
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued
The Company carries its residential mortgage-backed securities issued
at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in income.
Trust Preferred Securities
Trusts formed by the Company for the sole purpose of issuing trust
preferred securities are not consolidated by the Company in accordance with
FIN 46R as the Company has determined that it is not the primary
beneficiary of such trusts. The Companys investment in the common securities
of such trusts is included in other assets on the Companys condensed
consolidated financial statements.
12
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company recognizes all derivatives on the condensed consolidated
balance sheet at estimated fair value. On the date the Company enters into a
derivative contract, the Company designates and documents each derivative
contract as one of the following at the time the contract is executed: (i) a
hedge of a recognized asset or liability (fair value hedge); (ii) a
hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be
received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow
hedge); (iii) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation; or (iv) a
derivative instrument not designated as a hedging instrument (free-standing
derivative). For a fair value hedge, the Company records changes in the
estimated fair value of the derivative and, to the extent that it is effective,
changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the
hedged risk, in the current period earnings in the same financial statement
category as the hedged item. For a cash flow hedge, the Company records changes
in the estimated fair value of the derivative to the extent that it is
effective in other comprehensive (loss) income. The Company subsequently
reclassifies these changes in estimated fair value to net income in the same
period(s) that the hedged transaction affects earnings in the same
financial statement category as the hedged item. For free-standing derivatives,
the Company reports changes in the fair values in current period non-net
investment income.
The Company formally documents at inception its hedge relationships,
including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, its
risk management objectives, strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction and
the Companys evaluation of effectiveness of its hedged transactions.
Periodically, as required by SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
,
as amended and interpreted (SFAS No. 133), the Company also formally
assesses whether the derivative it designated in each hedging relationship is
expected to be and has been highly effective in offsetting changes in estimated
fair values or cash flows of the hedged item using either the dollar offset or
the regression analysis method. If the Company determines that a derivative is
not highly effective as a hedge, it discontinues hedge accounting.
Foreign Currency
The Company makes investments in non-United States dollar denominated
securities and loans. As a result, the Company is subject to the risk of
fluctuation in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the
foreign currency in which it makes an investment. In order to reduce the
currency risk, the Company may hedge the applicable foreign currency. All
investments denominated in a foreign currency are converted to the United
States dollar using prevailing exchange rates on the balance sheet date.
Income, expenses, gains and losses on investments denominated in a foreign
currency are converted to the United States dollar using the prevailing
exchange rates on the dates when they are recorded. Foreign exchange gains and
losses are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Manager Compensation
The Management Agreement provides for the payment of a base management
fee to the Manager, as well as an incentive fee if the Companys financial
performance exceeds certain benchmarks. Additionally, the Management Agreement
provides for the Manager to be reimbursed for certain expenses incurred on the
Companys behalf. See Note 15 to these condensed consolidated financial
statements for the specific terms of the computation and payment of the
incentive fee. The base management fee and the incentive fee are accrued and expensed
during the period for which they are earned by the Manager.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation issued to its
directors and to the Manager using the fair value based methodology prescribed
by SFAS No. 123(R),
Share-Based
Payment
(SFAS No. 123(R)).
Compensation cost related to
restricted common
shares issued to the Companys directors is
measured at its estimated fair value at
the grant date, and is
amortized and expensed over the
vesting period on a straight-line
basis. Compensation cost related
to restricted common shares
and common
share options issued to the Manager is initially measured at estimated fair
value at the grant date, and is remeasured on subsequent dates to the extent
the
awards are unvested. The Company has elected to use the graded vesting
attribution method pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R) to amortize
compensation expense for the restricted common shares and common share options
granted to the Manager.
Income Taxes
The Company intends to continue to operate in order to qualify as a
partnership, and not as an association or publicly traded partnership that is
taxable as a corporation, for United States federal income tax purposes.
Therefore, the Company is not subject to United States federal income tax at
the entity level, but is subject to limited state income taxes. Holders of the
Companys shares will be required to take into account their allocable share of
each item of the Companys income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit for the
taxable year of the Company ending within or with their taxable year.
13
KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd. (TRS Ltd.), KKR Financial Holdings, Ltd. (KFH
Ltd.), and KFN PEI VII, LLC (PEI VII) are taxable as corporations for United
States federal income tax purposes and thus are not consolidated with the
Company for United States federal income tax purposes. For financial reporting
purposes, current and deferred taxes are provided for on the portion of
earnings recognized by the Company with respect to its interest in PEI VII, a
domestic taxable corporate subsidiary, because PEI VII is taxed as a regular
corporation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code).
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed based on temporary
differences between the GAAP consolidated financial statements and the United
States federal income tax basis of assets and liabilities as of each
consolidated balance sheet date. CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1,
CLO 2007-A and CLO 2009-1 are foreign subsidiaries of the Company that elected
to be treated as disregarded entities or partnerships for United States federal
income tax purposes. These subsidiaries were established to facilitate
securitization transactions, structured as secured financing transactions. TRS Ltd.
and KFH Ltd. are foreign corporate subsidiaries that were formed to make
certain foreign and domestic investments from time to time. TRS Ltd. and KFH Ltd.
are organized as exempted companies incorporated with limited liability under
the laws of the Cayman Islands, and are generally exempt from United States
federal and state income tax at the corporate entity level because they
restrict their activities in the United States to trading in stock and
securities for their own account. However, the Company will generally be
required to include their current taxable income in the Companys calculation
of its taxable income allocable to shareholders.
Earnings Per Share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128,
Earnings
per Share
(SFAS No. 128), the Company presents both basic and
diluted earnings (loss) per common share in its condensed consolidated
financial statements and footnotes thereto. Basic earnings (loss) per common
share (Basic EPS) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income or
loss by the weighted-average number of common shares, including vested
restricted common shares, outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss)
per share (Diluted EPS) reflects the potential dilution of common share
options and unvested restricted common shares using the treasury method, and
the potential dilution of convertible senior notes using the if-converted
method, if they are not anti-dilutive. See Note 3 to these condensed
consolidated financial statements for earnings (loss) per common share
computations.
A rights offering whose exercise price at issuance is less than the
fair value of the stock is considered to have a bonus element, resulting in an
adjustment of the prior period number of shares outstanding used to calculate
basic and diluted earnings per share. As a result of the $270.0 million common
share rights offering that occurred during the third quarter of 2007, prior
period weighted-average number of shares and earnings per share outstanding
have been adjusted to reflect the issuance at less than fair value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)
99-20-1,
Amendments to the Impairment
Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20
(FSP EITF 99-20-1). FSP EITF 99-20-1
eliminates the requirement that a holders best estimate of cash flows be based
upon those that a market participant would use. Instead, it requires that an
other-than-temporary impairment be recognized as a realized loss when it is probable
there has been an adverse change in the holders estimated cash flows from the
cash flows previously projected. FSP EITF 99-20-1 also reiterates and
emphasizes the related guidance and disclosure requirements in accordance with
SFAS No. 115,
Accounting for Certain
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.
FSP EITF 99-20-1 is
effective for all periods ending after December 15, 2008 and retroactive
application is not permitted. The Company has taken this FSP into consideration
when evaluating its investments for other-than-temporary impairment.
On June 12, 2009, the
FASB issued SFAS No. 166,
Accounting for Transfers
of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities
(SFAS
No. 140) (collectively SFAS No. 166). The most significant amendments that
SFAS No. 166 makes consist of the removal of the concept of a qualifying
special-purpose entity (QSPE) from SFAS No. 140, and the elimination of the
exception for QSPE from the consolidation guidance of FIN 46R. The disclosures
required by this standard are to provide greater transparency about transfers
of financial assets and an entitys continuing involvement in transferred
financial assets. SFAS No. 166 will significantly affect existing
securitizations that use QSPEs, as well as future securitizations. SFAS No. 166
is effective January 1, 2010 for calendar-year reporting entities and earlier
application is prohibited. The Company
is evaluating the impact of
adopting SFAS No. 166.
Also on June 12, 2009,
the FASB issued SFAS No. 167,
Amendment to FASB
Interpretation No. 46(R)
(SFAS No. 167) which addresses the
effects of elimination of the QSPE concept from SFAS No. 140 and responds to
concerns about the application of certain key provisions of FIN 46R including
concerns over the transparency of enterprises involvement with VIEs. SFAS No. 167
requires additional disclosures for various areas including situations that use
significant judgment and assumptions in determining whether or not to
consolidate a VIE as well as the nature of and changes in the risks associated
with a VIE. This standard is effective for calendar year-end companies
beginning on January 1, 2010. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting
SFAS No. 167.
14
On June 29, 2009,
the FASB issued SFAS No. 168,
The
FASB
Accounting Standards Codification
and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principlesa replacement of
FASB Statement No. 162
(SFAS No. 168). The FASB Accounting
Standards Codification (Codification) will become the single official source of
authoritative GAAP. The current GAAP hierarchy consists of four levels of
authoritative accounting and reporting guidance (levels A through D), including
original pronouncements of the FASB, FASB FSPs, EITF abstracts, and other
accounting literature (pre-Codification GAAP or current GAAP). The
Codification eliminates this hierarchy and replaces current GAAP (other than rules
and interpretive releases of the SEC) with just two levels of literature:
authoritative and nonauthoritative. The Codification will be effective for
interim and annual periods ending on or after September 15, 2009. The Company
does not believe that the adoption of SFAS No. 168 will have a material impact
on its financial statements.
Note 3. Earnings per Share
The Company calculates basic net income per common share by dividing
net income for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of its
common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share
is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common
shares plus potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period.
Potentially dilutive common shares include the assumed exercise of outstanding
common share options and assumed vesting of outstanding restricted common
shares using the treasury stock method, as well as the assumed conversion of
convertible senior notes using the if-converted method, if they are not
anti-dilutive.
The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net
income per common share, as well as the distributions declared per common share
for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 (amounts in
thousands, except per share information):
|
|
Three months ended June 30,
|
|
Six months ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2009(1)
|
|
2008(1)
|
|
2009(1)
|
|
2008(1)
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
20,452
|
|
$
|
38,185
|
|
$
|
7,574
|
|
$
|
48,172
|
|
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
|
(1,079
|
)
|
|
|
2,668
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
20,452
|
|
$
|
37,106
|
|
$
|
7,574
|
|
$
|
50,840
|
|
Basic:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
|
|
151,202
|
|
146,025
|
|
150,462
|
|
130,289
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.38
|
|
Income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
Diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
|
|
151,202
|
|
146,025
|
|
150,462
|
|
130,289
|
|
Dilutive effect of restricted common shares using
the treasury method
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (2)
|
|
151,202
|
|
146,025
|
|
150,462
|
|
130,289
|
|
Income per share from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.37
|
|
Income per share from discontinued operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
$
|
0.25
|
|
$
|
0.05
|
|
$
|
0.39
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
0.40
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
0.90
|
|
(1)
Effective January
1, 2009, the Company adopted FSP No. EITF 03-6-1,
Determining
Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are
Participating Securities
(FSP No. EITF 03-6-1). According to this
FSP, unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to
dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating
securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share
pursuant to the two-class method. No
dividend was declared on common shares for the three and six months ended June 30,
2009. Prior periods have been adjusted in accordance with FSP No. EITF 03-6-1.
(2)
Potential
anti-dilutive common shares excluded from diluted income earnings per share for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 were 9,293,240 and 9,347,934,
respectively, related to convertible debt securities and 1,932,279 related to
common share options. Potential
anti-dilutive common shares excluded from diluted income earnings per share for
both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 were 9,667,430 related to
convertible debt securities and 1,932,279 related to common share options.
15
Note 4. Private Equity Investments
As of June 30, 2009, the Company had private equity investments carried
at cost of $17.5 million and two private equity investments carried at
estimated fair value of $54.0 million. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had
private equity investments at cost of $17.5 million and private equity
investments at estimated fair value of $5.3 million. During the second quarter
of 2009, the Companys term loan investments related to one issuer were
modified and exchanged for equity in a transaction which qualified as a
troubled debt restructuring. This transaction resulted in a charge-off to the
allowance for loan loss of $41.4 million (see Note 6 to these condensed
consolidated financial statements for further discussion). At the time of
restructuring, the Company elected to carry this investment at estimated fair
value in accordance with SFAS No. 159, with unrealized gains and losses
reported in income.
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had $41.8 million
and $5.3 million of private equity investments carried at fair value,
respectively, pledged as collateral for collateralized loan obligation senior
secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates.
For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company had
net realized and unrealized gains of $0.3 million on private equity investments
carried at estimated fair value. There was no net realized and unrealized gain
or loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.
Note 5. Securities Available-for-Sale
The
following table summarizes the Companys securities classified as
available-for-sale as of June 30, 2009, which are carried at estimated fair
value (amounts in thousands):
Description
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Corporate debt securities
|
|
$
|
606,568
|
|
$
|
66,783
|
|
$
|
(69,372
|
)
|
$
|
603,979
|
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
732
|
|
205
|
|
|
|
937
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
607,300
|
|
$
|
66,988
|
|
$
|
(69,372
|
)
|
$
|
604,916
|
|
The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of
the Companys available-for-sale securities, aggregated by length of time that
the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position,
as of June 30, 2009 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Less Than 12 months
|
|
12 Months or More
|
|
Total
|
|
Description
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Corporate debt securities
|
|
$
|
82,358
|
|
$
|
(10,323
|
)
|
$
|
273,304
|
|
$
|
(59,049
|
)
|
$
|
355,662
|
|
$
|
(69,372
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
unrealized losses in the table above are considered to be temporary impairments
due to market factors and are not reflective of credit deterioration. The Company considers many factors when
evaluating whether an impairment is other-than-temporary. For corporate debt
securities included in the table above, the Company does not intend to sell
them and does not believe that it is more likely than not that the Company will
be required to sell any of its corporate debt securities prior to recovery. In
addition, based on the analyses performed by the Company on each of its
corporate debt securities, it believes that it will be able to recover the
entire amortized cost amount of the corporate debt securities included in the
table above.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company
recognized a loss totaling $6.2 million and $40.0 million, respectively, for
corporate debt securities that it determined to be other-than-temporarily
impaired based on the criteria above. The Company intends to sell these
securities and as a result the entire amount is recorded through earnings in
net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on investments in the condensed
consolidated statements of operations.
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company held one
corporate debt security that was in default with a total fair value of $3.7 million
and $3.2 million, respectively. This corporate debt security was determined to
be other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.
16
The following table summarizes the Companys securities classified as
available-for-sale as of December 31, 2008, which are carried at estimated fair
value (amounts in thousands):
Description
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Corporate debt securities
|
|
$
|
742,474
|
|
$
|
3,676
|
|
$
|
(192,709
|
)
|
$
|
553,441
|
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
3,126
|
|
|
|
(602
|
)
|
2,524
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
745,600
|
|
$
|
3,676
|
|
$
|
(193,311
|
)
|
$
|
555,965
|
|
The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of
the Companys available-for-sale securities, aggregated by length of time that
the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position,
as of December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Less Than 12 months
|
|
12 Months or More
|
|
Total
|
|
Description
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Corporate securities
|
|
$
|
396,279
|
|
$
|
(119,849
|
)
|
$
|
121,080
|
|
$
|
(72,860
|
)
|
$
|
517,359
|
|
$
|
(192,709
|
)
|
Common and preferred stock
|
|
2,499
|
|
(256
|
)
|
25
|
|
(346
|
)
|
2,524
|
|
(602
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
398,778
|
|
$
|
(120,105
|
)
|
$
|
121,105
|
|
$
|
(73,206
|
)
|
$
|
519,883
|
|
$
|
(193,311
|
)
|
As of December 31, 2008, the Company recognized a loss totaling $460.4 million
for securities that it determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired, which
are excluded from the table above. These securities were determined to be
other-than-temporarily impaired either due to managements determination that
recovery in value is no longer likely or because the Company has decided to
sell the respective security in response to specific credit concerns regarding
the issuer. The charges relating to the impairment of these securities were
recognized in net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on investments in the
condensed consolidated statements of operations.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company had
gross realized gains from the sales of securities available-for-sale of $9.0 million
and $10.0 million, respectively, and gross realized losses from the sales of
securities available-for-sale of $1.6 million and $7.4 million, respectively.
During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company had
gross realized gains from the sale of securities available-for-sale of $2.4
million and $4.6 million, respectively, and gross realized losses from the
sales of securities available-for-sale of $3.4 million and $14.7 million,
respectively.
Note 10 to these condensed consolidated financial statements describe
the Companys borrowings under which the Company has pledged securities
available-for-sale for borrowings. The following table summarizes the estimated
fair value of securities available-for-sale pledged as collateral under secured
financing transactions as of June 30, 2009 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Corporate
Securities
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured
revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
66,509
|
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan
obligation senior secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
537,470
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
603,979
|
|
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of securities
available-for-sale pledged as collateral under secured financing transactions
as of December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Corporate
Securities
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured
revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
93,764
|
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan
obligation senior secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
459,677
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
553,441
|
|
17
Note 6. Corporate Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table summarizes the Companys corporate loans as of June
30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Unamortized
Discount
|
|
Lower of Cost
or Fair Value
Adjustment
|
|
Net
Carrying
Value
|
|
Principal
|
|
Unamortized
Discount
|
|
Lower of Cost
or Fair Value
Adjustment
|
|
Net
Carrying
Value
|
|
Corporate loans(1)
|
|
$
|
7,533,302
|
|
$
|
(413,660
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
7,119,642
|
|
$
|
7,983,449
|
|
$
|
(255,877
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
7,727,572
|
|
Corporate loans held for sale
|
|
210,173
|
|
(4,065
|
)
|
(37,561
|
)
|
168,547
|
|
472,669
|
|
(10,751
|
)
|
(137,269
|
)
|
324,649
|
|
Total corporate loans
|
|
$
|
7,743,475
|
|
$
|
(417,725
|
)
|
$
|
(37,561
|
)
|
$
|
7,288,189
|
|
$
|
8,456,118
|
|
$
|
(266,628
|
)
|
$
|
(137,269
|
)
|
$
|
8,052,221
|
|
(1)
Excludes
allowance for loan losses of $473.2 million and $480.8 million as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for loan
losses for the Companys corporate loan portfolio during the three and six
months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
507,762
|
|
$
|
25,000
|
|
$
|
480,775
|
|
$
|
25,000
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
12,808
|
|
10,000
|
|
39,795
|
|
10,000
|
|
Charge-offs
|
|
(47,368
|
)
|
|
|
(47,368
|
)
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
473,202
|
|
$
|
35,000
|
|
$
|
473,202
|
|
$
|
35,000
|
|
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had an allowance
for loan loss of $473.2 million and $480.8 million, respectively. As described
in Note 2 to these condensed consolidated financial statements, the allowance
for loan losses represents the Companys estimate of probable credit losses
inherent in its loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The Companys
allowance for loan losses consists of two components, an allocated component
and an unallocated component. The allocated component of the allowance for loan
losses consists of individual loans that are impaired. The unallocated
component of the allowance for loan losses represents the Companys estimate of
losses inherent, but not identified, in its portfolio as of the balance sheet
date.
As
of June 30, 2009, the allocated component of the allowance for loan losses
totaled $428.8 million and relates to investments in loans issued by eleven
issuers with an aggregate par amount of $891.9 million and an aggregate
amortized cost amount of $701.6 million. As of December 31, 2008, the allocated
component of the allowance for loan losses totaled $320.6 million and relates
to investments in loans issued by eleven issuers with an aggregate par amount
of $828.2 million and an aggregate amortized cost amount of $715.4 million. The
unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses totaled $44.4 million
and $160.2 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. The
Company recorded charge-offs during the three and six months ended June 30,
2009 totaling $47.4 million. Of these, $6.0 million related to a loan sold
during the quarter, while $41.4 million related to a loan exchanged for equity
and which qualified as a troubled debt restructuring (see Note 4 to these condensed
consolidated financial statements for further details). There were no
charge-offs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.
Loans placed on non-accrual status may or may not be contractually past
due at the time of such determination. When placed on non-accrual status,
previously recognized accrued interest is reversed and charged against current
income. While on non-accrual status, interest income is recognized using the
cost-recovery method, cash-basis method or some combination of the two methods.
A loan is placed back on accrual status when the ultimate collectability of the
principal and interest is not in doubt.
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had $704.3
million and $358.0 million of loans on non-accrual status, respectively. The average recorded investment in the
impaired loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $738.2
million and $531.3 million, respectively, and during the three and six months
ended June 30, 2008 average recorded investment in the impaired loans was nil.
The amount of interest income recognized using the cash-basis method during the
time within the period that the loans were impaired was $4.7 million and $6.8
million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, and nil
for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.
As of June 30, 2009, the Company held loans that were in default with a
total amortized cost of $727.3 million from nine issuers. During the year ended
December 31, 2008, the Company held investments that were in default with a
total amortized cost of $312.7 million from three issuers. The majority of
corporate loans in default during 2009 and 2008 were included in the
investments for which the allocated component of the Companys allowance for
losses was related to as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
18
Note 10 to these condensed consolidated financial statements describes
the Companys borrowings under which the Company has pledged loans for
borrowings. The following table summarizes the carrying value of corporate
loans pledged as collateral under secured financing transactions as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured
revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
206,520
|
|
$
|
182,899
|
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan
obligation senior secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
7,029,519
|
|
7,816,154
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
7,236,039
|
|
$
|
7,999,053
|
|
Note 7. Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, residential mortgage-backed
securities (RMBS) totaled $76.6 million and $102.8 million, respectively.
Note 10 to these condensed consolidated financial statements describes
the Companys borrowings under which the Company has pledged RMBS. The
following table summarizes the estimated fair value of RMBS pledged as
collateral under secured financing transactions as of June 30, 2009 and December
31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured
revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
70,779
|
|
$
|
96,651
|
|
Pledged as collateral for collateralized loan
obligation senior secured notes and junior secured notes to affiliates
|
|
5,793
|
|
6,163
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
76,572
|
|
$
|
102,814
|
|
Note 8. Residential Mortgage Loans
The following table summarizes the Companys residential mortgage loans
as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Residential mortgage loans, at estimated fair
value(1)
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Excludes REO as a result of
foreclosure on delinquent loans of $9.8 million and $10.8 million as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. Loans are transferred to REO at the
lower of cost or fair value. REO is recorded within other assets on the Companys
condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Note 10 to these condensed consolidated financial statements describes
the Companys borrowings under which the Company has pledged residential
mortgage loans. The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of
residential mortgage loans pledged as collateral for a secured revolving credit
facility as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Pledged as collateral for borrowings under secured
revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
147,542
|
|
$
|
167,933
|
|
Pledged as collateral for residential
mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
2,070,777
|
|
2,452,088
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
The following is a reconciliation of carrying amounts of residential
mortgage loans for the periods ended June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008
(amounts in thousands):
|
|
2009
|
|
2008
|
|
Beginning balance
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
$
|
3,921,323
|
|
Principal payments
|
|
(274,102
|
)
|
(666,900
|
)
|
Transfers out of (in to) REO
|
|
978
|
|
(3,594
|
)
|
Net unrealized loss/unamortized premium
|
|
(128,578
|
)
|
(630,808
|
)
|
Ending balance
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
19
As of June 30, 2009, twenty-five of the residential mortgage loans
owned by the Company with an outstanding balance of $9.8 million (not included
in the table above) were REO as a result of foreclosure on delinquent loans. As
of December 31, 2008, thirty-three of the residential mortgage loans owned by
the Company with an outstanding balance of $10.8 million (not included in the
table above) were REO as a result of foreclosure on delinquent loans.
The following table summarizes the delinquency statistics of the
residential mortgage loans, excluding REOs, as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008 (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
Delinquency Status
|
|
Number
of Loans
|
|
Principal
Amount
|
|
Number
of Loans
|
|
Principal
Amount
|
|
30 to 59 days
|
|
71
|
|
$
|
26,766
|
|
93
|
|
$
|
37,282
|
|
60 to 89 days
|
|
36
|
|
15,692
|
|
41
|
|
15,654
|
|
90 days or more
|
|
116
|
|
44,770
|
|
76
|
|
29,803
|
|
In foreclosure
|
|
120
|
|
48,519
|
|
67
|
|
22,841
|
|
Total
|
|
343
|
|
$
|
135,747
|
|
277
|
|
$
|
105,580
|
|
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the loss exposure or
uncollected principal amount related to the Companys delinquent residential
mortgage loans in the table above exceeded their fair value by $15.4 million
and $4.0 million, respectively.
Note 9. Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued (RMBS Issued) consists
of the senior tranches of six residential mortgage loan securitization trusts
that the Company consolidates under GAAP (see Note 2 to these condensed
consolidated financial statements) and for which the Company reports the debt
issued by these trusts that it does not hold on its condensed consolidated
balance sheets. The following table summarizes the Companys RMBS Issued as of June
30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
Description
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
$
|
2,885,736
|
|
$
|
2,080,592
|
|
$
|
3,154,974
|
|
$
|
2,462,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company carries RMBS Issued at estimated fair value with changes in
estimated fair value reflected in net income. As of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008, the weighted average coupon of the RMBS Issued was 2.9% and 3.4%,
respectively, and the weighted average years to maturity were 26.3 years and
26.8 years as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
Note 10. Borrowings
Certain information with respect to the Companys borrowings as of June
30, 2009 is summarized in the following table (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
Outstanding
Borrowings
|
|
Weighted
Average
Borrowing
Rate
|
|
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Maturity
(in days)
|
|
Fair Value of
Collateral(1)
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility(2)
|
|
$
|
256,597
|
|
3.31
|
%
|
133
|
|
$
|
386,211
|
|
CLO 2005-1 senior secured notes
|
|
832,324
|
|
1.41
|
|
2,857
|
|
795,909
|
|
CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
|
|
800,095
|
|
0.98
|
|
3,071
|
|
794,928
|
|
CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
|
|
684,270
|
|
1.03
|
|
3,343
|
|
767,535
|
|
CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes
|
|
2,241,618
|
|
1.42
|
|
4,337
|
|
1,964,280
|
|
CLO 2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates(3)
|
|
444,438
|
|
|
|
4,337
|
|
388,022
|
|
CLO 2007-A senior secured notes
|
|
1,191,245
|
|
2.00
|
|
3,029
|
|
1,084,347
|
|
CLO 2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates(4)
|
|
97,675
|
|
|
|
3,029
|
|
88,910
|
|
CLO 2009-1 senior secured notes
|
|
44,354
|
|
4.56
|
|
2,855
|
|
109,951
|
|
CLO 2009-1 junior secured notes to affiliates (5)
|
|
90,429
|
|
|
|
2,855
|
|
224,168
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
275,800
|
|
7.00
|
|
1,111
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
288,671
|
|
5.72
|
|
9,937
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
7,247,516
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
6,604,261
|
|
(1)
Collateral for
borrowings consists of RMBS, securities available-for-sale, private equity
investments and corporate and residential mortgage loans.
(2)
Calculated
weighted average remaining maturity based on the maturity date of November 10,
2009 as $150.0 million of the senior secured revolving credit facility matures
in November 2009 with the remaining maturity in November 2010.
20
(3)
CLO 2007-1
junior secured notes to affiliates consist of (x) $257.8 million of
mezzanine notes with a weighted average borrowing rate of 5.81% and
(y) $186.6 million of subordinated notes that do not have a
contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro rata amount of the net
distributions from CLO 2007-1.
(4)
CLO 2007-A
junior secured notes to affiliates consist of (x) $82.6 million of
mezzanine notes with a weighted average borrowing rate of 7.30% and
(y) $15.1 million of subordinated notes that do not have a
contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro rata amount of the net
distributions from CLO 2007-A.
(5)
CLO 2009-1
junior secured notes do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive
a pro rata amount of the net distributions from CLO 2009-1.
On March 31, 2009,
the Company completed the restructuring of
Wayzata Funding LLC (
Wayzata), its market value CLO
transaction. As a result of the restructuring, substantially all of Wayzatas
assets were transferred to CLO 2009-1, a newly formed special purpose company,
which issued $560.8 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due April 2017
and $154.3 million aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes due April 2017
to the existing Wayzata note holders in exchange for cancellation of the
Wayzata notes, due November 2012, previously held by each of them. CLO
2009-1 was structured as a cash flow transaction and does not contain the
market value provisions contained in Wayzata. The portfolio manager of the CLO
is an affiliate of the Manager. The notes issued by CLO 2009-1 are secured by
the same collateral that secured the Wayzata facility, consisting primarily of
senior secured leveraged loans. As was the case with Wayzata, the Company and
an affiliate of the Manager currently own all of the subordinated notes issued
by the CLO. The subordinated notes entitle the Company to receive a pro rata
portion of all excess cash flows from the
portfolio after all senior obligations of CLO 2009-1 have been paid in full or
otherwise satisfied, including all outstanding principal of the senior notes
and interest thereon accruing at a rate of 3-month LIBOR plus 4.25%.
The
restructuring of Wayzata and the formation of CLO 2009-1 outlined above
qualified as a troubled debt restructuring under SFAS No. 15,
Accounting by Debtors and Creditors for Troubled Debt Restructuring
.
Prior to the restructuring on March 31, 2009, an affiliate of the Manager
held an aggregate par amount of $125.0 million of subordinated notes issued by
Wayzata (the Wayzata Subordinated Notes). In connection with the
restructuring, the Wayzata Subordinated Notes were exchanged for $30.9 million
par amount of junior notes issued by CLO 2009-1 (the CLO 2009-1 Junior Notes).
In accordance with GAAP, the portion of the CLO 2009-1 Junior Notes held by the
affiliate of the Manager are carried at $90.4 million which represents the
total future cash payments that the affiliate of the Manager may receive from
the CLO 2009-1 Junior Notes. The exchange by the affiliate of the Manager of
Wayzata Subordinated Notes for CLO 2009-1 Junior Notes is treated under SFAS No. 15
as a modification of terms of the Wayzata Subordinated Notes. Accordingly, the
Company has recognized a gain on debt restructuring totaling $34.6 million, or
$0.23 per diluted common share, which reflects the difference between the
Companys carrying amount of interest in the Wayzata Subordinated Notes held by
the affiliate of the Manager, or $125.0 million, and the carrying value of the
portion of the CLO 2009-1 Junior Notes held by the same affiliate of the
Manager, or $90.4 million. The Wayzata Subordinated Notes and CLO 2009-1 Junior
Notes are included in collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes to
affiliates on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008.
On
May 9, 2008, the FASB issued FSP APB 14-1,
Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in
Cash upon Conversion (including Partial Cash Settlement)
(FSP APB
14-1). FSP APB 14-1 clarifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments
which may be settled in cash, and in particular specifies that issuers of such
instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components
in a manner that will reflect the entitys nonconvertible debt borrowing rate
when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. The Company has
assessed this FSP in relation to its convertible senior notes and determined
that it does not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial
statements for the periods presented.
21
During
June 2009, the Company completed two transactions to exchange a total of
$15.7 million par value of convertible notes for 7.2 million of the Companys
common shares. These transactions
resulted in the Company recording a gain of $6.9 million, or approximately
$0.05 per diluted common share, which was partially offset by a write-off of
$0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.4 million of other
associated costs.
The indentures governing the Companys CLO transactions include
numerous compliance tests, the majority of which relate to the CLOs portfolio
profile. In the event that a portfolio profile test is not met, the indenture
places restrictions on the ability of the CLOs manager to reinvest available
principal proceeds generated by the collateral in the CLOs until the specific
test has been cured. In addition to the portfolio profile tests, the indentures
for the CLO transactions include over-collateralization tests (OC Tests)
which set the ratio of the collateral value of the assets in the CLO to the
tranches of debt for which the test is being measured, as well as interest
coverage tests. If a CLO is not in compliance with an OC Test or an interest
coverage test, cash flows normally payable to the holders of junior classes of
notes will be used by the CLO to amortize the most senior class of notes until
such point as the OC test is brought back into compliance. Due to the failure of
OC Tests during the second quarter of 2009, CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
were paid down by $23.2 million, CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes were paid
down by $40.7 million and CLO 2007-A senior secured notes were paid down
by $12.9 million. For the first half of 2009, CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
were paid down by $9.0 million, CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes were paid down
by $32.1 million, CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes were paid down by
$81.3 million and CLO 2007-A senior secured notes were paid down by $22.7
million.
Due to the failure of OC Tests during 2008, CLO 2006-1 senior secured
notes were paid down by $12.1 million and CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes
were paid down by $53.6 million.
During the three months ended June 30, 2009, the proceeds from the
sale of certain assets were used to pay down $516.4 million of CLO 2009-1
senior secured notes.
Certain information with respect to the Companys borrowings as of December 31,
2008 is summarized in the following table (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
Outstanding
Borrowings
|
|
Weighted
Average
Borrowing
Rate
|
|
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Maturity
(in days)
|
|
Fair Value of
Collateral(1)
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
275,633
|
|
3.44
|
%
|
699
|
|
$
|
441,812
|
|
CLO 2005-1 senior secured notes
|
|
832,025
|
|
3.84
|
|
3,038
|
|
631,937
|
|
CLO 2005-2 senior secured notes
|
|
808,701
|
|
2.48
|
|
3,252
|
|
647,092
|
|
CLO 2006-1 senior secured notes
|
|
715,394
|
|
2.52
|
|
3,524
|
|
623,003
|
|
CLO 2007-1 senior secured notes
|
|
2,318,191
|
|
2.68
|
|
4,518
|
|
1,511,707
|
|
CLO 2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates(2)
|
|
436,185
|
|
|
|
4,518
|
|
277,357
|
|
CLO 2007-A senior secured notes
|
|
1,213,300
|
|
5.62
|
|
3,210
|
|
867,666
|
|
CLO 2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates(3)
|
|
94,128
|
|
|
|
3,210
|
|
67,314
|
|
Wayzata senior secured notes
|
|
1,600,000
|
|
2.95
|
|
1,415
|
|
766,024
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
291,500
|
|
7.00
|
|
1,292
|
|
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
288,671
|
|
6.84
|
|
10,118
|
|
|
|
Subordinated notes to affiliates(4)
|
|
125,000
|
|
|
|
1,415
|
|
59,846
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
8,998,728
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
5,893,758
|
|
(1)
|
|
Collateral
for borrowings consists of RMBS, securities available-for-sale, and corporate
and residential mortgage loans.
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
CLO
2007-1 junior secured notes to affiliates consist of
(x) $249.6 million of mezzanine notes with a weighted average
borrowing rate of 7.03% and (y) $186.6 million of subordinated
notes that do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro
rata amount of the net distributions from CLO 2007-1.
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
CLO
2007-A junior secured notes to affiliates consist of
(x) $79.0 million of mezzanine notes with a weighted average
borrowing rate of 10.90% and (y) $15.1 million of subordinated
notes that do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro
rata amount of the net distributions from CLO 2007-A.
|
|
|
|
(4)
|
|
Subordinated
notes do not have a contractual coupon rate, but instead receive a pro rata
amount of the net distributions from Wayzata. Note that the $125.0 million
outstanding is included in collateralized loan obligation junior secured
notes to affiliates on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
|
22
Note 11. Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Securities sold, not yet purchased consist of equity and debt
securities that the Company has sold short. As of June 30, 2009, the
Company had securities sold, not yet purchased with an amortized cost of $75.3
million and an accumulated net unrealized loss of $2.3 million. As of December 31,
2008, the Company had securities sold, not yet purchased with an amortized cost
basis of $97.3 million and an accumulated net unrealized gain of
$6.5 million.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company had
net realized and unrealized gains on short security sales of $2.5 million and
$3.9 million, respectively, compared to net realized and unrealized gains on
short security sales of $1.7 million and $8.7 million, for the three and
six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
Note 12. Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into derivative transactions in order to hedge its
interest rate risk exposure to the effects of interest rate changes.
Additionally, the Company enters into derivative transactions in the course of
its investing. The counterparties to the Companys derivative agreements are
major financial institutions with which the Company and its affiliates may also
have other financial relationships. In the event of nonperformance by the
counterparties, the Company is potentially exposed to losses. The
counterparties to the Companys derivative agreements have investment grade ratings
and, as a result, the Company does not anticipate that any of the
counterparties will fail to fulfill their obligations.
Cash Flow and Fair Value Hedges
The Company uses interest rate derivatives consisting of swaps to hedge
a portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings under CLO
senior secured notes. The Company designates these financial instruments as
cash flow hedges. The Company also uses interest rate swaps to hedge all or a
portion of the interest rate risk associated with certain fixed interest rate
investments. The Company designates these financial instruments as fair value
hedges.
Free-Standing Derivatives
Free-standing derivatives are derivatives that the Company has entered
into in conjunction with its investment and risk management activities, but for
which the Company has not designated the derivative contract as a hedging
instrument for accounting purposes. Such derivative contracts may include
credit default swaps, foreign exchange contracts, and interest rate
derivatives. Free-standing derivatives also include investment financing
arrangements (total rate of return swaps) whereby the Company receives the sum
of all interest, fees and any positive change in fair value amounts from a
reference asset with a specified notional amount and pays interest on such
notional amount plus any negative change in fair value amounts from such
reference asset.
The
table below summarizes the aggregate notional amount and estimated net fair
value of the derivative instruments as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Notional
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Cash Flow Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
383,333
|
|
$
|
(46,313
|
)
|
$
|
383,333
|
|
$
|
(77,668
|
)
|
Fair Value Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
32,000
|
|
(2,654
|
)
|
32,000
|
|
(2,915
|
)
|
Free-Standing Derivatives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
115,434
|
|
1,072
|
|
106,074
|
|
274
|
|
Credit default swapslong
|
|
51,000
|
|
(4,292
|
)
|
53,500
|
|
(9,782
|
)
|
Credit default swapsshort
|
|
|
|
|
|
222,650
|
|
69,972
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
136,132
|
|
5,015
|
|
207,524
|
|
(77,224
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
717,899
|
|
$
|
(47,172
|
)
|
$
|
1,005,081
|
|
$
|
(97,343
|
)
|
23
For all hedges where hedge accounting is being applied, effectiveness
testing and other procedures to ensure the ongoing validity of the hedges are
performed at least monthly. During the three and six months ended June 30,
2009 and 2008, the Company recognized an immaterial amount of ineffectiveness
in income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations from its cash
flow and fair value hedges.
Note 13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows
(amounts in thousands):
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale
securities
|
|
$
|
(4,839
|
)
|
$
|
(192,435
|
)
|
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges
|
|
(44,356
|
)
|
(76,347
|
)
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
|
$
|
(49,195
|
)
|
$
|
(268,782
|
)
|
The components of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows
(amounts in thousands):
|
|
Three months
ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
Three months
ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Six months
ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
Six months
ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
available-for-sale:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during
period
|
|
$
|
136,724
|
|
$
|
18,131
|
|
$
|
165,670
|
|
$
|
(65,977
|
)
|
Reclassification adjustments for losses realized
in net income
|
|
17,065
|
|
10,648
|
|
21,926
|
|
19,797
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
available-for-sale
|
|
153,789
|
|
28,779
|
|
187,596
|
|
(46,180
|
)
|
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges
|
|
22,944
|
|
19,076
|
|
31,991
|
|
839
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
$
|
176,733
|
|
$
|
47,855
|
|
$
|
219,587
|
|
$
|
(45,341
|
)
|
Note 14. Share Options and Restricted Shares
On May 4, 2007, the Company adopted an amended and restated share
incentive plan (the 2007 Share Incentive Plan) that provides for the grant of
qualified incentive common share options that meet the requirements of Section 422
of the Code, non-qualified common share options, share appreciation rights,
restricted common shares and other share-based awards. The Compensation
Committee of the board of directors administers the plan. Share options and
other share-based awards may be granted to the Manager, directors, officers and
any key employees of the Manager and to any other individual or entity
performing services for the Company.
The exercise price for any share option granted under the 2007 Share
Incentive Plan may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common
shares at the time the common share option is granted. Each option to acquire a
common share must terminate no more than ten years from the date it is granted.
As of June 30, 2009, the 2007 Share Incentive Plan authorizes a total of
8,464,625 shares that may be used to satisfy awards under the 2007 Share
Incentive Plan. On February 19, 2008, the Compensation Committee of the
board of directors granted the Manager 1,097,000 restricted common shares that
vest on February 19, 2011. On July 2, 2008, the Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors granted 38,349 restricted common shares to
the Companys directors pursuant to the 2007 Share Incentive Plan.
The following table summarizes restricted common share transactions:
|
|
Manager
|
|
Directors
|
|
Total
|
|
Unvested shares as of
January 1, 2009
|
|
1,097,000
|
|
66,282
|
|
1,163,282
|
|
Issued
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unvested shares as of
June 30, 2009
|
|
1,097,000
|
|
66,282
|
|
1,163,282
|
|
Pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R), the Company is required to value any
unvested restricted common shares granted to the Manager at the current market
price. The Company valued the unvested restricted common shares granted to the
Manager at $0.93 and $10.50 per share at June 30, 2009 and June 30,
2008, respectively. There were $0.8 million and $10.6 million of total
unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted common shares
granted as of June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. These costs are
expected to be recognized over three years from the date of grant.
24
The following table summarizes common share option transactions:
|
|
Number of
Options
|
|
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
|
|
Outstanding as of
January 1, 2009
|
|
1,932,279
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of June 30,
2009
|
|
1,932,279
|
|
$
|
20.00
|
|
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, 1,932,279 common
share options were exercisable. As of June 30, 2009, the common share
options were fully vested and expire in August 2014. For the three and six
months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, the components of share-based
compensation expense are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Restricted shares granted to Manager
|
|
$
|
105
|
|
$
|
196
|
|
$
|
(35
|
)
|
$
|
658
|
|
Restricted shares granted to certain directors
|
|
139
|
|
177
|
|
276
|
|
355
|
|
Total share-based compensation expense
|
|
$
|
244
|
|
$
|
373
|
|
$
|
241
|
|
$
|
1,013
|
|
Note 15. Management Agreement and Related Party
Transactions
The Manager manages the Companys day-to-day operations, subject to the
direction and oversight of the Companys board of directors. The Management
Agreement expires on December 31 of each year, but is automatically
renewed for a one-year term each December 31 unless terminated upon the
affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Companys independent directors,
or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Companys outstanding common
shares, based upon (1) unsatisfactory performance by the Manager that is
materially detrimental to the Company or (2) a determination that the
management fee payable by the Manager is not fair, subject to the Managers
right to prevent such a termination under this clause (2) by
accepting a mutually acceptable reduction of management fees. The Manager must
be provided 180 days prior notice of any such termination and will be paid
a termination fee equal to four times the sum of the average annual base
management fee and the average annual incentive fee for the two 12-month
periods immediately preceding the date of termination, calculated as of the end
of the most recently completed fiscal quarter prior to the date of termination.
The Management Agreement contains certain provisions requiring the
Company to indemnify the Manager with respect to all losses or damages arising
from acts not constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, or gross negligence.
The Company has evaluated the impact of these guarantees on its condensed
consolidated financial statements and determined that they are not material.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company incurred
$3.7 million and $7.3 million, respectively, in base management fees.
In addition, the
Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to common share
options and restricted common shares granted to the Manager of $0.1 million and
nil, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 (see
Note 14 to these
condensed consolidated financial statements
). For the three
and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company incurred $8.9 million and
$16.4 million, respectively, in base management fees. In addition, the Company
recognized share-based compensation expense related to common share options and
restricted common shares granted to the Manager of $0.2 million and $0.7
million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008
(see Note 14 to these
condensed consolidated financial statements
). Effective January 1,
2009
, the Manager has agreed to defer 50% of the monthly base management
fee payable by the Company for the period from January 1, 2009 through November 30,
2009. The aggregate amount of fees otherwise payable during the deferral period
will be payable to the Manager upon the earlier of (x) December 15,
2009 and (y) the date of any termination of the Management Agreement
pursuant to either Section 13(a) or Section 15(b) thereof. As of June 30, 2009, the Company had
$4.2 million base management fee payable to the Manager. Base management fees
incurred and share-based compensation expense relating to common share options
and restricted common shares granted to the Manager are included in related
party management compensation on the condensed consolidated statements of
operations. Expenses incurred by the Manager and reimbursed by the Company are
reflected in the respective condensed consolidated statements of operations,
non-investment expense category based on the nature of the expense.
The Manager is waiving base management fees related to the
$230.4 million common share offering and $270.0 million common share
rights offering that occurred during the third quarter of 2007 until such time
as the Companys common share closing price on the NYSE is $20.00 or more for
five consecutive trading days. Accordingly, the Manager permanently waived
approximately $2.2 million of base management fees during each of the three months
ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, and $4.4 million during each of the six
months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.
No incentive fees were earned or paid to the Manager during the three
and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.
25
An affiliate of the Manager has entered into separate management
agreements with the respective investment vehicles for CLO 2005-1,
CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A and CLO
2009-1 and is entitled to receive fees for the services performed as collateral
manager. Previously, the collateral
manager had waived the fees it earned for providing management services for the
Companys CLOs. Beginning April 15, 2007, the collateral manager ceased
waiving fees for CLO 2005-1 and beginning January 1, 2009, the
collateral manager ceased waiving fees for CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1,
CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A and Wayzata. In addition, beginning January 1,
2009, the Manager permanently waived reimbursable general and administrative
expenses allocable to the Company in an amount equal to the incremental CLO
fees received by the Manager. For the three and six months ended June 30,
2009, the Manager permanently waived reimbursement of $3.0 million and $5.3
million, respectively, in allocable general and administrative expenses. For
the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company reimbursed the
Manager $2.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively, for allocable general,
administrative and other expenses.
The Company has invested in corporate loans, debt securities and other
investments of entities that are affiliates of KKR. As of June 30, 2009,
the aggregate par amount of these affiliated investments totaled
$3.1 billion, or approximately 35% of the total investment portfolio, and
consisted of 23 issuers. The total $3.1 billion in investments were
comprised of $2.4 billion of corporate loans, $543.0 million of securities
available-for-sale, $48.5 million of private equity investments carried at
estimated fair value and $78.4 million notional amount of total rate of
return swaps referenced to corporate loans issued by affiliates of KKR
(included in derivative assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated
balance sheet). As of December 31, 2008, the aggregate par amount of these
affiliated investments totaled $3.3 billion, or approximately 35% of the
total investment portfolio, and consisted of 23 issuers. The total
$3.3 billion in investments were comprised of $2.6 billion of
corporate loans, $587.3 million of corporate debt securities available for
sale, and $92.4 million notional amount of total rate of return swaps
referenced to corporate loans issued by affiliates of KKR (included in
derivative assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet).
Note 16. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In the second quarter of 2009, the Company adopted FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1,
Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
which amends SFAS No. 107,
Disclosures about Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
, to require disclosures about fair
value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods as well as in
annual financial statements. The fair value of instruments including
securities available-for-sale, loans, derivatives, and loan commitments is
based on quoted market prices or estimates provided by independent pricing
sources. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, interest payable, secured
revolving credit facility and interest payable, approximates cost as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008, due to the short-term nature of these
instruments.
The table below discloses the carrying value and the estimated fair
value of the Companys financial instruments as of June 30, 2009 (amounts
in thousands):
|
|
Carrying
Amount
|
|
Estimated Fair
Value
|
|
Financial Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
403,297
|
|
$
|
403,297
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
604,916
|
|
604,916
|
|
Corporate loans, net of allowance for loan losses
of $473,202
|
|
6,646,440
|
|
5,612,235
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
76,572
|
|
76,572
|
|
Residential mortgage loans
|
|
2,218,319
|
|
2,218,319
|
|
Corporate loans held for sale
|
|
168,547
|
|
168,547
|
|
Private equity investments, at estimated fair
value
|
|
54,016
|
|
54,016
|
|
Reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
80,344
|
|
80,344
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
83,395
|
|
83,395
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
11,562
|
|
11,562
|
|
Private equity investments, at cost
|
|
17,505
|
|
14,809
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured
notes
|
|
$
|
5,793,906
|
|
$
|
3,934,691
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation junior secured
notes to affiliates
|
|
632,542
|
|
237,648
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
256,597
|
|
256,597
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
275,800
|
|
137,900
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
288,671
|
|
114,000
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
2,080,592
|
|
2,080,592
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
liabilities
|
|
37,694
|
|
37,694
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
34,602
|
|
34,602
|
|
Accrued interest payable to affiliates
|
|
3,245
|
|
3,245
|
|
Related party payable
|
|
5,960
|
|
5,960
|
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
77,637
|
|
77,637
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
58,734
|
|
58,734
|
|
26
The table below discloses the carrying value and the estimated fair
value of the Companys financial instruments as of December 31, 2008
(amounts in thousands):
|
|
Carrying
Amount
|
|
Estimated Fair
Value
|
|
Financial Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
1,275,015
|
|
$
|
1,275,015
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
555,965
|
|
555,965
|
|
Corporate loans, net of allowance for loan losses
of $480,775
|
|
7,246,797
|
|
4,772,934
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
102,814
|
|
102,814
|
|
Residential mortgage loans
|
|
2,620,021
|
|
2,620,021
|
|
Corporate loans held for sale
|
|
324,649
|
|
324,649
|
|
Private equity investments, at estimated fair
value
|
|
5,287
|
|
5,287
|
|
Reverse repurchase agreements
|
|
88,252
|
|
88,252
|
|
Interest and principal receivable
|
|
116,788
|
|
116,788
|
|
Derivative assets
|
|
73,869
|
|
73,869
|
|
Private equity investments, at cost
|
|
17,505
|
|
17,505
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured
notes
|
|
$
|
7,487,611
|
|
$
|
4,936,286
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation junior secured
notes to affiliates
|
|
655,313
|
|
194,589
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
275,633
|
|
275,633
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
291,500
|
|
84,000
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
288,671
|
|
51,300
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
2,462,882
|
|
2,462,882
|
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
liabilities
|
|
60,124
|
|
60,124
|
|
Accrued interest payable
|
|
61,119
|
|
61,119
|
|
Accrued interest payable to affiliates
|
|
3,987
|
|
3,987
|
|
Related party payable
|
|
2,876
|
|
2,876
|
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
90,809
|
|
90,809
|
|
Derivative liabilities
|
|
171,212
|
|
171,212
|
|
Fair Value Measurements
The
following table presents information about the Companys assets and liabilities
(including derivatives that are presented net) measured at fair value on a
recurring basis as of June 30, 2009, and indicates the fair value
hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such
fair value (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Balance as of
June 30, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
$
|
937
|
|
$
|
513,981
|
|
$
|
89,998
|
|
$
|
604,916
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
76,572
|
|
76,572
|
|
Residential mortgage loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,218,319
|
|
2,218,319
|
|
Private equity investments, at estimated fair
value
|
|
|
|
48,467
|
|
5,549
|
|
54,016
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
937
|
|
$
|
562,448
|
|
$
|
2,390,438
|
|
$
|
2,953,823
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives, net
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(53,259
|
)
|
$
|
6,087
|
|
$
|
(47,172
|
)
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,080,592
|
)
|
(2,080,592
|
)
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
|
|
(77,637
|
)
|
|
|
(77,637
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(130,896
|
)
|
$
|
(2,074,505
|
)
|
$
|
(2,205,401
|
)
|
27
The following table presents information about the Companys assets
measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2009, and
indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the
Company to determine such fair value (amounts in thousands). There were no
liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Balance as of
June 30, 2009
|
|
Loans held for sale
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
168,547
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
168,547
|
|
REO
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,815
|
|
9,815
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
168,547
|
|
$
|
9,815
|
|
$
|
178,362
|
|
Loans held for sale were classified as level 2 given that the assets
were valued using quoted prices and other observable inputs in an active
market.
The
following table presents information about the Companys assets and liabilities
(including derivatives that are presented net) measured at fair value on a
recurring basis as of December 31, 2008, and indicates the fair value
hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such
fair value (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities available-for-sale
|
|
$
|
2,524
|
|
$
|
464,332
|
|
$
|
89,109
|
|
$
|
555,965
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
102,814
|
|
102,814
|
|
Residential mortgage loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,620,021
|
|
2,620,021
|
|
Private equity investments, at estimated fair
value
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,287
|
|
5,287
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
2,524
|
|
$
|
464,332
|
|
$
|
2,817,231
|
|
$
|
3,284,087
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives, net
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(20,393
|
)
|
$
|
(76,950
|
)
|
$
|
(97,343
|
)
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,462,882
|
)
|
(2,462,882
|
)
|
Securities sold, not yet purchased
|
|
(2,220
|
)
|
(88,589
|
)
|
|
|
(90,809
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
(2,220
|
)
|
$
|
(108,982
|
)
|
$
|
(2,539,832
|
)
|
$
|
(2,651,034
|
)
|
The following table presents information about the Companys assets
measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2008,
and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by
the Company to determine such fair value (amounts in thousands). There were no
liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
|
|
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Loans held for sale
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
219,199
|
|
$
|
105,450
|
|
$
|
324,649
|
|
REO
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,794
|
|
10,794
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
219,199
|
|
$
|
116,244
|
|
$
|
335,443
|
|
28
Loans held for sale of $105.5 million were transferred into
level 3 as of December 31, 2008 given that they were valued based on
the estimated sale price. REO of $10.8 million were transferred into
level 3 as of December 31, 2008 as there was little market activity
for these assets and the valuation of REOs required managements judgment.
The following table presents additional information about assets,
including derivatives that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for
which the Company has utilized level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for
the three months ended June 30, 2009 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
Securities
Available-
For-Sale
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
|
|
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
|
|
Private Equity
Investments,
at estimated
fair value
|
|
Derivatives,
net
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
Issued
|
|
Beginning balance as of April 1, 2009
|
|
$
|
76,050
|
|
$
|
87,883
|
|
$
|
2,260,759
|
|
$
|
5,287
|
|
$
|
(2,231
|
)
|
$
|
(2,113,587
|
)
|
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in earnings
|
|
|
|
(1,946
|
)
|
124,075
|
|
262
|
|
17,852
|
|
(130,717
|
)
|
Included in other comprehensive loss
|
|
13,948
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers in and/or out of level 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,405
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances,
net
|
|
|
|
(9,365
|
)
|
(167,920
|
)
|
|
|
(9,534
|
)
|
163,712
|
|
Ending balance as of June 30, 2009
|
|
$
|
89,998
|
|
$
|
76,572
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
5,549
|
|
$
|
6,087
|
|
$
|
(2,080,592
|
)
|
The amount of total gains or losses for the
period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized
gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date(1)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(758
|
)
|
$
|
126,668
|
|
$
|
262
|
|
$
|
7,167
|
|
$
|
(130,086
|
)
|
(1)
Amounts are
included in net realized and unrealized loss on investments, net realized and
unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and foreign exchange or net realized and
unrealized loss on residential mortgage-backed securities, residential mortgage
loans, and residential mortgage-backed securities issued, carried at estimated
fair value in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following table presents additional information about assets,
including derivatives that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for
which the Company has utilized level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for
the six months ended June 30, 2009 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
Securities
Available-
For-Sale
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
|
|
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
|
|
Private
Equity
Investments,
at estimated
fair value
|
|
Derivatives,
net
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
Issued
|
|
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2009
|
|
$
|
89,109
|
|
$
|
102,814
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
$
|
5,287
|
|
$
|
(76,950
|
)
|
$
|
(2,462,882
|
)
|
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in earnings
|
|
(6,156
|
)
|
(9,315
|
)
|
(128,578
|
)
|
262
|
|
25,280
|
|
113,051
|
|
Included in other comprehensive loss
|
|
15,829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers in and/or out of level 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances,
net
|
|
(8,784
|
)
|
(16,927
|
)
|
(274,102
|
)
|
|
|
57,757
|
|
269,239
|
|
Ending balance as of June 30, 2009
|
|
$
|
89,998
|
|
$
|
76,572
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
5,549
|
|
$
|
6,087
|
|
$
|
(2,080,592
|
)
|
The amount of total gains or losses for the
period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized
gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date(1)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(7,558
|
)
|
$
|
(121,545
|
)
|
$
|
262
|
|
$
|
43,885
|
|
$
|
113,915
|
|
(1)
|
|
Amounts
are included in net realized and unrealized loss on investments, net realized
and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and foreign exchange or net
realized and unrealized loss on residential mortgage-backed securities,
residential mortgage loans, and residential mortgage-backed securities
issued, carried at estimated fair value in the condensed consolidated
statements of operations.
|
29
The
following table presents additional information about assets, including
derivatives, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the
Company has utilized level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
Securities
Available-
For-Sale
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
|
|
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
|
|
Derivatives,
net
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
Issued
|
|
Beginning balance as of April 1, 2008
|
|
$
|
78,654
|
|
$
|
121,324
|
|
$
|
3,605,233
|
|
$
|
1,049
|
|
$
|
(3,410,163
|
)
|
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in earnings
|
|
|
|
(1,192
|
)
|
4,081
|
|
(297
|
)
|
(6,775
|
)
|
Included in other comprehensive loss
|
|
(586
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers in and/or out of level 3
|
|
(32,725
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
2,811
|
|
|
|
Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances,
net
|
|
|
|
(4,480
|
)
|
(214,318
|
)
|
(92
|
)
|
212,546
|
|
Ending balance as of June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
45,343
|
|
$
|
115,652
|
|
$
|
3,394,996
|
|
$
|
3,471
|
|
$
|
(3,204,392
|
)
|
The amount of total gains or losses for the
period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized
gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date(1)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(2,370
|
)
|
$
|
4,723
|
|
$
|
(297
|
)
|
$
|
(7,203
|
)
|
(1)
Amounts are included in net realized and
unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and
foreign exchange or net
realized and unrealized (loss) gain on residential mortgage-backed securities,
residential mortgage loans, and residential mortgage-backed securities issued,
carried at estimated fair value in the condensed consolidated statements of
operations.
The
following table presents additional information about assets, including
derivatives, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the
Company has utilized level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
Securities
Available-
For-Sale
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
|
|
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
|
|
Derivatives,
net
|
|
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
Issued
|
|
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2008
|
|
$
|
99,498
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
802
|
|
$
|
|
|
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in earnings
|
|
|
|
(7,137
|
)
|
(140,783
|
)
|
467
|
|
147,252
|
|
Included in other comprehensive loss
|
|
(4,090
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers in and/or out of level 3
|
|
(32,725
|
)
|
131,688
|
|
3,921,323
|
|
2,811
|
|
(3,169,353
|
)
|
Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances,
net
|
|
(17,340
|
)
|
(8,899
|
)
|
(385,544
|
)
|
(609
|
)
|
(182,291
|
)
|
Ending balance as of June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
45,343
|
|
$
|
115,652
|
|
$
|
3,394,996
|
|
$
|
3,471
|
|
$
|
(3,204,392
|
)
|
The amount of total gains or losses for the
period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized
gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date(1)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
(9,250
|
)
|
$
|
(152,661
|
)
|
$
|
467
|
|
$
|
148,638
|
|
(1)
|
|
Amounts are included in
net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and
foreign
exchange or net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on residential
mortgage-backed securities, residential mortgage loans, and residential
mortgage-backed securities issued, carried at estimated fair value in the
condensed consolidated statements of operations.
|
30
Note 17. Subsequent Events
On
July 10, 2009, the Company surrendered for cancellation, without
consideration, approximately $298.4 million in aggregate of mezzanine notes and
junior notes (Surrendered Notes) issued to the Company by CLO 2005-1, CLO
2005-2 and CLO 2006-1. The Surrendered Notes were promptly cancelled upon
receipt by the trustee of each transaction and the related debt was
extinguished by the issuers thereof. In accordance with GAAP, the Company consolidates
its CLO subsidiaries and therefore, does not expect this transaction to have an
impact on its consolidated financial statements. Similarly, as CLO 2005-1, CLO
2005-2 and CLO 2006-1 are treated as disregarded entities for tax purposes,
this transaction is not expected to have any tax implications for the Company
or its shareholders.
On July 24, 2009, the Company retired the outstanding balance of
senior notes issued by CLO 2009-1, which totaled $44.4 million as of June 30,
2009.
Prior to the
retirement of the senior notes, an affiliate of the Company held a 20% interest
in the subordinated notes issued by CLO 2009-1. As part of the deleveraging of
CLO 2009-1, the subordinated notes in CLO 2009-1 held by the Companys
affiliate were retired in exchange for a 20% interest in each of CLO 2009-1s
assets which remained following the deleveraging.
On August 5, 2009, the Company, TRS Ltd., KFH Ltd., KKR Financial
Holdings II, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings III, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc.
(the Original Credit Agreement Borrowers) and CLO 2009-1 (together with the
Original Credit Agreement Borrowers, the Amendment Borrowers) and Bank of
America, N.A. (BofA) and Citicorp North America Inc. (Citicorp) entered
into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement and Security Agreement (the
Credit and Security Agreement Amendment), amending (i) the Credit Agreement
dated as of November 10, 2008 among the Original Credit Agreement Borrowers,
BofA, Citicorp, Banc of America Securities LLC and Citigroup Global Markets
Inc. (as amended by the Credit and Security Agreement Amendment, the Credit
Agreement) and (ii) the Security Agreement dated as of November 17, 2008 among
the Original Credit Agreement Borrowers and BofA (as amended by the Credit and
Security Agreement Amendment, the Security Agreement).
Among other things, the Credit and Security Agreement Amendment
provides that: (i) the size of the facility be reduced to $200.0 million from
$300.0 million, (ii) the lending commitments of the lenders under the Credit
Agreement be modified to provide for quarterly amortization of $12.5 million
per quarter until the size of the facility has been reduced to $150 million on
June 30, 2010, (iii) the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the
Credit Agreement be increased from LIBOR plus 300 basis points to LIBOR plus
400 basis points, (iv) the maturity date of the borrowings under the Credit
Agreement be extended to November 10, 2011, (v) the tangible net worth covenant
be reduced to $700.0 million from $1.0 billion, (vi) CLO 2009-1 become a
Borrower under the Credit Agreement and a party to the Security Agreement and
certain other transaction documents, (vii) certain representations and
warranties and affirmative and negative covenants be modified and added and
(viii) certain events of default under the Credit Agreement be added. The
Credit and Security Agreement Amendment also provides that the Company can (i)
pay a yearly distribution to its shareholders in an amount equal to no greater
than 50% of the Companys taxable income for such year and (ii) use up to $50
million of its unrestricted cash to repurchase its outstanding convertible
notes due July 2012 and/or its outstanding trust preferred securities.
In addition, the Amendment Borrowers (i) pledged and delivered certain
additional collateral, including all loans, bonds, instruments, securities and
financial assets directly or indirectly, legally or beneficially owned by the
Amendment Borrowers and (ii) agreed to pay to each lender under the Credit Agreement
an arrangement fee equal to 1.0% of each such lenders commitment under the
Credit Agreement and a structuring fee for each such lender in the amount of
$1,250,000.
31
Item 2.
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Except where otherwise expressly stated or the
context suggests otherwise, the terms we, us and our refer to KKR
Financial Holdings LLC and its subsidiaries.
Executive Overview
We
are a specialty finance company that uses leverage with the objective of
generating competitive risk-adjusted returns. We invest in financial assets
consisting primarily of below investment grade corporate debt, including senior
secured and unsecured loans, mezzanine loans, high yield corporate bonds,
distressed and stressed debt securities, marketable equity securities, private
equity investments and credit default and total rate of return swaps. The
majority of our investments are in senior secured loans of large capitalization
companies. The corporate loans we invest in are generally referred to as
syndicated bank loans, or leveraged loans, and are purchased via assignment or
participation in either the primary or secondary market. The majority of our
corporate debt investments are held in collateralized loan obligation (CLO)
transactions that are structured as on-balance sheet securitizations and are
used as long term financing for these investments. The senior secured notes
issued by the CLO transactions are generally owned by unaffiliated third party
investors and we own the majority of the mezzanine and subordinated notes in
the CLO transactions. Our CLO transactions consist of six cash flow CLO
transactions, KKR Financial CLO 2005-1, Ltd.
(CLO 2005-1), KKR Financial CLO 2005-2, Ltd. (CLO 2005-2), KKR
Financial CLO 2006-1, Ltd. (CLO 2006-1), KKR Financial CLO 2007-1, Ltd. (CLO
2007-1), KKR Financial CLO 2007-A, Ltd.
(CLO 2007-A and, together
with CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, and CLO 2007-1, the Cash Flow CLOs)
and KKR Financial CLO 2009-1, Ltd. (CLO 2009-1).
In addition to our Cash Flow CLOs, a portion of our assets were
previously held in Wayzata Funding LLC (Wayzata), a market value CLO
transaction.
On March 31,
2009, we completed the restructuring of Wayzata and replaced it with CLO
2009-1. As a result of the restructuring, substantially all of Wayzatas assets
were transferred to CLO 2009-1, a newly formed special purpose company, which
issued $560.8 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due April 2017
and $154.3 million aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes due April 2017
to the existing Wayzata note holders in exchange for cancellation of the
Wayzata notes, due November 2012, previously held by each of them. CLO
2009-1 was structured as a cash flow transaction and does not contain the
market value provisions contained in Wayzata. The portfolio manager of CLO
2009-1 is an affiliate of
KKR Financial Advisors LLC (our Manager)
. The notes issued by CLO 2009-1 are
secured by the same collateral that secured the Wayzata notes, consisting
primarily of senior secured leveraged loans. As was the case with Wayzata, at
the time of the restructuring, we and an affiliate of our Manager owned all of
the subordinated notes issued by CLO 2009-1.
During the second quarter of 2009, we sold approximately $423.1 million
of investments that were held in CLO 2009-1 in order to generate proceeds to
retire the senior notes outstanding. These sales resulted in us recording a
loss during the quarter of $27.2 million. During June 2009, we paid down
the senior notes issued by CLO 2009-1 by $516.4 million and on July 24,
2009, we retired the remaining balance of $44.4 million of outstanding senior
notes.
Prior to the
retirement of the senior notes, an affiliate of ours held a 20% interest in the
subordinated notes issued by CLO 2009-1. As part of the deleveraging of CLO
2009-1, the subordinated notes in CLO 2009-1 held by our affiliate were retired
in exchange for a 20% interest in each of CLO 2009-1s assets which remained
following the deleveraging.
Following the deleveraging transaction and the distribution of assets
to our affiliate, we now hold the residual assets of CLO 2009-1, which consist
of approximately $317.4 million par amount of corporate debt investments with
an estimated fair value of $242.4 million and approximately $14.9 million of
cash and receivables. As a result of this transaction, we will receive all cash
flows generated by the $317.4 million par amount of investments on a
prospective basis.
As described above, we own a majority of the mezzanine and subordinated
notes issued by the Cash Flow CLOs and therefore have historically received a
majority of our cash flows from our investments in these entities. The
indentures governing the Cash Flow CLOs include numerous compliance tests, the
majority of which relate to the CLOs portfolio profile. In addition to the
portfolio profile tests, the indentures for the Cash Flow CLOs include over-collateralization
tests (OC Tests) which set the ratio of the collateral value of the assets in
the CLO to the tranches of debt for which the test is being measured, as well
as interest coverage tests. If a CLO is not in compliance with an OC Test or an
interest coverage test, cash flows normally payable to the holders of junior
classes of notes will be used by the CLO to amortize the most senior class of
notes until such point as the OC Test is brought back into compliance. During
the second quarter of 2009, certain of our Cash Flow CLOs failed certain of
their respective OC Tests as a result of significant asset price declines and
rating downgrades of certain investments that occurred during 2008.
Accordingly, the cash flows we would generally expect to receive from our
investments in the mezzanine and subordinated notes issued by the Cash Flow
CLOs were used to amortize the most senior class of notes. During the first six
months of 2009 the senior notes issued by our Cash Flow CLOs were reduced by $145.1
million due to amortization of the senior note balances as a result of
non-compliance with certain OC Tests in certain of our CLOs.
32
On
July 10, 2009, we undertook certain actions with respect to CLO 2005-1,
CLO 2005-2 and CLO 2006-1 that are expected to have a positive cash flow impact
for us. Specifically, we surrendered for cancellation, without consideration,
approximately $298.4 million in aggregate mezzanine and junior notes (Surrendered
Notes) issued to us by these three CLO transactions. The Surrendered Notes
were promptly cancelled upon receipt by the trustee of each transaction and the
related debt was extinguished by the issuers thereof. We believe that this
transaction brings the OC Tests for these three CLOs into compliance, enabling
the mezzanine and subordinated note holders, including us, to resume receiving
cash flows from these transactions during the period when the OC Tests remain
in compliance. As these CLO transactions are consolidated by us under
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP),
this transaction is not expected to have any impact on our consolidated
financial statements. Similarly, as CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2 and CLO 2006-1 are
treated as disregarded entities for tax purposes, this transaction is not
expected to have any tax implications for us or our shareholders.
Non-Cash Phantom Taxable Income
We intend to continue to operate so that we qualify, for United States
federal income tax purposes, as a partnership and not as an association or a
publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation. Holders of our shares are
subject to United States federal income taxation and, in some cases, state,
local and foreign income taxation, on their allocable share of our taxable
income, regardless of whether or when they receive cash distributions. In
addition, certain of our investments, including investments in foreign
corporate subsidiaries, CLO issuers, including those treated as partnerships or
disregarded entities for United States federal income tax purposes, and debt
securities, may produce taxable income without corresponding distributions of
cash to us or may produce taxable income prior to or following the receipt of
cash relating to such income. Consequently, in some taxable years, holders of
our shares may recognize taxable income in excess of our cash distributions.
Furthermore, if we did not pay cash distributions with respect to a taxable
year, holders of our shares may still have a tax liability attributable to
their allocation of taxable income from us during such year.
Investment Portfolio
Overview
As discussed above, the majority of our investments are held through
CLO transactions that are managed by an affiliate of our Manager and for which
we own the majority, and in some cases all, of the economic interests in the
transaction through the subordinated notes in the transaction. On an
unconsolidated basis, our investment portfolio primarily consists of the
following as of June 30, 2009: (i) mezzanine and subordinated
tranches of CLO transactions, totaling a par amount of $1.4 billion; (ii) corporate
loans with an aggregate par amount of $452.7 million and an estimated fair
value of $147.7 million; (iii) corporate debt securities with an
aggregate par amount of $92.8 million and an estimated fair value of $66.5
million; (iv) residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) with a par
amount of $300.5 million and estimated fair value of $218.3 million; (v) private
equity investments with an aggregate cost amount of $29.8 million and an
estimated fair value of $27.1 million; note that our private equity investments
are accounted for under either the cost method (cost of $17.5 million) or
at fair value if we elected the fair value option of accounting (cost of
$12.3 million); (vi) marketable equity securities with an aggregate
estimated fair value of $0.9 million. In addition, we hold other
investments including loan investments financed under total rate of return
swaps that are accounted for as derivative transactions, credit default swaps,
shorts on equity and debt instruments, and interest rate swaps.
As our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q are presented to reflect the consolidation of the CLOs
we hold investments in, the information contained in this Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
reflects the CLOs on a consolidated basis consistent with the disclosures in
our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Corporate
Debt Investments
Our investments in corporate debt primarily consist of investments in
below investment grade corporate loans, often referred to as syndicated bank
loans or leveraged loans, and corporate debt securities. As of June 30,
2009, our corporate debt investments, excluding investments held through total
rate of return swaps, had an aggregate par balance of $8.6 billion, an
aggregate net amortized cost of $7.9 billion and an aggregate estimated
fair value of $6.4 billion. Included in these amounts is $7.6 billion par
amount or $5.8 billion estimated fair value of investments held in our Cash
Flow CLOs which have aggregate senior notes outstanding totaling $5.7 billion
and an aggregate of $542.1 million of mezzanine and subordinated notes
outstanding that are held by an affiliate of our Manager. In addition to the
investments held by our Cash Flow CLOs, they had an aggregate principal cash
balance totaling $103.2 million as of June 30, 2009.
33
As of June 30, 2009, CLO 2009-1 held investments with an aggregate
par balance of $438.8 million and an estimated fair value of $334.1 million.
CLO 2009-1 also had an aggregate principal cash balance of $5.1 million, senior
notes outstanding totaling $44.4 million and subordinated notes outstanding to
an affiliate of our Manager totaling $90.4 million as of June 30,
2009.
RMBS
Investments
Our residential mortgage investment portfolio consists of investments
in RMBS with an estimated fair value of $224.1 million as of June 30,
2009. Of the $224.1 million of RMBS investments we hold,
$147.5 million are in six residential mortgage-backed securitization
trusts that we consolidate under GAAP as we hold the majority of the risk of
loss on these transactions. This results in us reflecting the financial
position and results of these trusts in our condensed consolidated financial
statements. Consolidation of these six entities does not impact our net assets
or net income; however, it does result in us showing the condensed consolidated
assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses on our condensed consolidated
financial statements. On our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30,
2009, the $224.1 million of RMBS is computed as our investments in RMBS of
$76.6 million, plus $147.5 million, which represents the difference
between residential mortgage loans of $2.2 billion less residential
mortgage-backed securities issued of $2.1 billion plus $9.8 million
of real estate owned (REO) that is included in other assets on our condensed
consolidated balance sheet.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared by
management in conformity with GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are fundamental
to understanding our financial condition and results of operations because some
of these policies require that we make significant estimates and assumptions
that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results.
We believe that certain of our policies are critical because they require us to
make difficult, subjective, and complex judgments about matters that are
inherently uncertain. We have reviewed these critical accounting policies with
our board of directors and our audit committee.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
As defined in SFAS No. 157,
Fair
Value Measurements
(SFAS No. 157), fair value is the price
that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where
available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or
derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are
not available, valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve
some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is
dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the
instruments complexity for disclosure purposes. Beginning in January 2007,
assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated
balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with
the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined in SFAS
No. 157 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with
the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets
for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
The types of assets carried at level 1 fair value generally are
equity securities listed in active markets.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1
that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active
markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset
or liability.
Fair value assets and liabilities that are generally included in this
category are certain corporate debt securities, certain corporate loans held
for sale, certain private equity investments, certain securities sold, not yet
purchased and certain financial instruments classified as derivatives where the
fair value is based on observable market inputs.
34
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or
liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market
activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure
fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such
cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value
measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our
assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value
measurement in its entirety requires judgment and the consideration of factors
specific to the asset.
Generally, assets and liabilities carried at fair value and included in
this category are certain corporate debt securities, certain corporate loans
held for sale, certain private equity investments, residential mortgage-backed
securities, residential mortgage loans, REO, residential mortgage-backed
securities issued and certain derivatives.
In
the second quarter of 2009, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Boards
Staff Position (FSP) FAS 157-4,
Determining Fair Value
When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have
Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly
(FSP
FAS 157-4). This FSP provides additional guidance on determining fair value
when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have
significantly decreased when compared with normal market activity for the asset
or liability (or similar assets or liabilities). A significant decrease in the
volume and level of activity for the asset or liability is an indication that
transactions or quoted prices may not be determinative of fair value because in
such market conditions there may be increased instances of transactions that
are not orderly. In those circumstances, further analysis of transactions or
quoted prices is needed, and a significant adjustment to the transactions or
quoted prices may be necessary to estimate fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157.
We determined that FSP FAS 157-4 did
not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
If
there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for
the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple
valuation techniques may be appropriate (for example, the use of a market
approach and a present value technique). When weighting indications of fair value resulting from the use of
multiple valuation techniques, a reporting entity shall consider the
reasonableness of the range of fair value estimates. The objective is to
determine the point within that range that is most representative of fair value
under current market conditions. A wide range of fair value estimates may be an
indication that further analysis is needed.
Regardless of the approach taken (i.e. either a
single valuation technique or multiple valuation techniques), even in
circumstances where there has been a significant decrease in the volume and
level of activity for the asset or liability and regardless of the valuation
technique(s) used, the objective of a fair value measurement remains the
same. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid
to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced
liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement
date under current market conditions. Determining the price at which willing
market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market
conditions if there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of
activity for the asset or liability depends on the facts and circumstances and
requires the use of significant judgment. However, a reporting entitys
intention to hold the asset or liability is not relevant in estimating fair
value. Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific
measurement
The FSP also emphasizes that in identifying
transactions that are not orderly, an entity cannot assume that the observable
transaction price is not orderly when the volume and level of activity for the
asset or liability have significantly declined. Instead, an entity must perform
an analysis to determine whether the observable price is representative of a
transaction that is not orderly. In making this determination, an entity cannot
ignore information that is available without undue cost and effort; however, the
entity is not required to undertake all possible efforts. A reporting entity
shall evaluate the circumstances to determine whether the transaction is
orderly based on the weight of the evidence.
The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the
financial asset or liability and is affected by a wide variety of factors,
including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new,
whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market,
and the current market condition. To the extent that valuation is based on
models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the
determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of
judgment exercised by us in determining fair value is greatest for instruments
categorized in level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair
value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such
cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which
the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its
entirety.
Many financial assets and liabilities have bid and ask prices that can
be observed in the marketplace. Bid prices reflect the highest price that we
and others are willing to pay for an asset. Ask prices represent the lowest
price that we and others are willing to accept for an asset. For financial
assets and liabilities whose inputs are based on bid-ask prices, we do not
require that fair value always be a predetermined point in the bid-ask range.
Our policy is to allow for mid-market pricing and adjusting to the point within
the bid-ask range that meets our best estimate of fair value.
35
Depending on the relative liquidity in the markets for certain assets,
we may transfer assets to level 3 if we determine that observable quoted
prices, obtained directly or indirectly, are not available. Assets and
liabilities that are valued using level 3 of the fair value hierarchy
primarily consist of certain corporate debt securities, certain private equity
investments, certain corporate loans held for sale, residential mortgage-backed
securities, residential mortgage loans, residential mortgage-backed securities
issued and certain over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts. The valuation
techniques used for these are described below.
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities, Residential
Mortgage Loans, and Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Issued:
Residential mortgage-backed securities,
residential mortgage loans, and residential mortgage-backed securities issued
are initially valued at transaction price and are subsequently valued using
industry recognized models (including Intex and Bloomberg) and data for similar
instruments (e.g., nationally recognized pricing services or broker
quotes). The most significant inputs to the valuation of these instruments are
default and loss expectations and market credit spreads.
Corporate Debt Securities:
Corporate debt securities are initially
valued at transaction price and are subsequently valued using market data for
similar instruments (e.g., recent transactions or broker quotes),
comparisons to benchmark derivative indices or valuation models. Valuations
models are based on discounted cash flow techniques, for which the key inputs
are the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, market yields for such
instruments and recovery assumptions. Inputs are generally determined based on
relative value analyses, which incorporate similar instruments from similar
issuers.
OTC Derivative Contracts:
OTC derivative contracts include forward,
swap and option contracts related to interest rates, foreign currencies, credit
standing of reference entities, and equity prices. The fair value of OTC
derivative products can be modeled using a series of techniques, including
closed-form analytic formulae, such as the Black-Scholes option-pricing model,
and simulation models or a combination thereof. Many pricing models do not
entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed do not
necessitate significant judgment, and the pricing inputs are observed from
actively quoted markets, as is the case for generic interest rate swap and
option contracts.
Share-Based Compensation
We account for share-based compensation issued to members of our board
of directors and our Manager using the fair value based methodology in
accordance with SFAS No. 123(R),
Share-based
Compensation
(SFAS No. 123(R)). We do not have any employees,
although we believe that members of our board of directors are deemed to be
employees for purposes of interpreting and applying accounting principles
relating to share-based compensation. We record as compensation costs the
restricted common shares that we issued to members of our board of directors at
estimated fair value as of the grant date and we amortize the cost into expense
over the three-year vesting period using the straight-line method. We record
compensation costs for restricted common shares and common share options that
we issued to our Manager at estimated fair value as of the grant date and we
remeasure the amount on subsequent reporting dates to the extent the awards
have not vested. Unvested restricted common shares are valued using observable
secondary market prices. Unvested common share options are valued using the
Black-Scholes model and assumptions based on observable market data for
comparable companies. We amortize compensation expense related to the
restricted common share and common share options that we granted to our
Manager using the graded vesting attribution method in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R).
Because we remeasure the amount of compensation costs associated with
the unvested restricted common shares and unvested common share options that we
issued to our Manager as of each reporting period, our share-based compensation
expense reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements will change
based on the estimated fair value of our common shares and this may result in
earnings volatility. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009,
share-based compensation was immaterial. As of June 30, 2009,
substantially all of the non-vested restricted common shares issued that are
subject to SFAS No. 123(R) are subject to remeasurement. As of June 30,
2009, a $1 increase in the price of our common shares would have increased our
future share-based compensation expense by approximately $1.1 million and
this future share-based compensation expense would be recognized over the
remaining vesting periods of our outstanding restricted common shares and
common share options. As of June 30, 2009, the common share options were
fully exercised and expire in August 2014. As of June 30, 2009,
future unamortized share-based compensation totaled $0.8 million, of which
$0.3 million, $0.5 million, and an immaterial amount will be
recognized in 2009, 2010, and beyond, respectively.
36
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We recognize all derivatives on our condensed consolidated balance
sheets at estimated fair value. On the date we enter into a derivative
contract, we designate and document each derivative contract as one of the
following at the time the contract is executed: (i) a hedge of a recognized
asset or liability (fair value hedge); (ii) a hedge of a forecasted
transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related
to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge); (iii) a hedge of a
net investment in a foreign operation; or (iv) a derivative instrument not
designated as a hedging instrument (free-standing derivative). For a fair
value hedge, we record changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative
and, to the extent that it is effective, changes in the fair value of the
hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, in the current
period earnings in the same financial statement category as the hedged item.
For a cash flow hedge, we record changes in the estimated fair value of the
derivative to the extent that it is effective in other comprehensive income. We
subsequently reclassify these changes in estimated fair value to net income in
the same period(s) that the hedged transaction affects earnings in the same
financial statement category as the hedged item. For free-standing derivatives,
we report changes in the fair values in current period non-interest income.
We formally document at inception our hedge relationships, including
identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, our risk
management objectives, strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction and our
evaluation of effectiveness of our hedged transactions. Periodically, as required
by SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
, as amended and
interpreted (SFAS No. 133), we also formally assesses whether the
derivative designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be and has
been highly effective in offsetting changes in estimated fair values or cash
flows of the hedged item using either the dollar offset or the regression
analysis method. If we determine that a derivative is not highly effective as a
hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting.
We are not required to account for our derivative contracts using hedge
accounting as described above. If we decide not to designate the derivative
contracts as hedges or if we fail to fulfill the criteria necessary to qualify
for hedge accounting, then the changes in the estimated fair values of our
derivative contracts would affect periodic earnings immediately potentially
resulting in the increased volatility of our earnings. The qualification
requirements for hedge accounting are complex and as a result, we must
evaluate, designate, and thoroughly document each hedge transaction at
inception and perform ineffectiveness analysis and prepare related
documentation at inception and on a recurring basis thereafter. As of June 30,
2009, the estimated fair value of our net derivative liabilities totaled
$47.2 million.
Impairments
We
monitor our available-for-sale securities portfolio for impairments. A loss is
recognized when it is determined that a decline in the estimated fair value of
a security below its amortized cost is other-than-temporary. We consider many
factors in determining whether the impairment of a security is deemed to be
other-than-temporary, including, but not limited to, the length of time the
security has had a decline in estimated fair value below its amortized cost and
the severity of the decline, the amount of the unrealized loss, recent events
specific to the issuer or industry, external credit ratings and recent changes
in such ratings. In addition, for debt
securities we consider our intent to sell the debt security, our estimation of
whether or not we expect to recover the debt securitys entire amortized cost
if we intend to hold the debt security, and whether it is more likely than not
that we will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated
recovery. For equity securities, we also
consider our intent and ability to hold the equity security for a period of
time sufficient for a recovery in value.
The
amount of the loss that is recognized when it is determined that a decline in
the estimated fair value of a security below its amortized cost is
other-than-temporary is dependent on certain factors. If the security is an equity security or if
the security is a debt security that we intend to sell or estimate that it is
more likely than not that we will be required to sell before recovery of its
amortized cost, then the impairment amount recognized in earnings is the entire
difference between the estimated fair value of the security and its amortized
cost. For debt securities that we do not intend to sell or estimate that we are
not more likely than not to be required to sell before recovery, the impairment
is separated into the estimated amount relating to credit loss and the
estimated amount relating to all other factors. Only the estimated credit loss
amount is recognized in earnings, with the remainder of the loss amount
recognized in other comprehensive income.
This process involves a considerable amount of subjective judgments by
our management. As of June 30, 2009, we had aggregate unrealized losses on
our securities classified as available-for-sale of approximately
$69.4 million, which if not recovered may result in the recognition of
future losses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, we
recorded charges for impairments of securities that we determined to be
other-than-temporary totaling $6.2 million and $40.0 million,
respectively.
37
In the second quarter of 2009, we adopted FSP FAS
115-2 and FAS 124-2,
Recognition and
Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
(FSP FAS 115-2 and
FAS 124-2), which amends the other-than-temporary impairment guidance for debt
securities. We determined that FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 did not have a material
impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Our allowance for estimated loan losses represents our estimate of
probable credit losses inherent in our corporate loan portfolio held for
investment. When determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we
consider historical and industry loss experience, economic conditions and
trends, the estimated fair values of our loans, credit quality trends and other
factors that we determine are relevant. This process involves a considerable
amount of subjective judgments by our management. Additions to the allowance
for loan losses are charged to current period earnings through the provision
for loan losses. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged directly to
the allowance for loan losses. Our allowance for loan losses consists of two
components, an allocated component and an unallocated component.
The
allocated component of our allowance for loan losses consists of individual
loans that are impaired and for which the estimated allowance for loan losses
is determined in accordance with SFAS No. 114,
Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.
We
consider a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and events,
we believe it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due to
us based on the contractual terms of the loan. An impaired loan may be left on
accrual status during the period we are pursuing repayment of the loan;
however, the loan is placed on non-accrual status at such time as: (i) we
believe that scheduled debt service payments may not be paid when contractually
due; (ii) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (iii) we determine the
borrower is incapable of, or has ceased efforts toward, curing the cause of the
impairment; or (iv) the net realizable value of the underlying collateral
securing the loan decreases below our carrying value of such loan. While on
non-accrual status, previously recognized accrued interest is reversed if it is
determined that such amounts are not collectible and interest income is
recognized only upon actual receipt.
The unallocated component of our allowance for loan losses is
determined in accordance with SFAS No. 5,
Accounting
for Contingencies
. This component of the allowance for loan losses
represents our estimate of losses inherent, but unidentified, in our portfolio
as of the balance sheet date. The unallocated component of the allowance for
loan losses is estimated based upon a review of the our loan portfolios risk
characteristics, risk grouping of loans in the portfolio based upon estimated
probability of default and severity of loss based on loan type, and
consideration of general economic conditions and trends.
As of June 30, 2009, our allowance for loan losses totaled $473.2 million.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2009, the FASB issued FSP EITF 99-20-1,
Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20
(FSP EITF 99-20-1). FSP EITF 99-20-1 eliminates the requirement
that a holders best estimate of cash flows be based upon those that a market
participant would use. Instead, it requires that an other-than-temporary
impairment be recognized as a realized loss when it is probable there has
been an adverse change in the holders estimated cash flows from the cash flows
previously projected. FSP EITF 99-20-1 also reiterates and emphasizes the
related guidance and disclosure requirements in accordance with SFAS No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt
and Equity Securities.
FSP EITF 99-20-1 is effective for all
periods ending after December 15, 2008 and retroactive application is not
permitted. We have taken this FSP into consideration when evaluating our
investments for other-than-temporary impairment.
On June 12, 2009,
the FASB issued SFAS No. 166,
Accounting for Transfers
of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting
for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of
Liabilities
(SFAS No. 140) (collectively SFAS No. 166).
The most significant amendments that SFAS No. 166 makes consist of the
removal of the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) from
SFAS No. 140, and the elimination of the exception for QSPE from the
consolidation guidance of FIN 46R. The disclosures required by this standard
are to provide greater transparency about transfers of financial assets and an
entitys continuing involvement in transferred financial assets. SFAS No. 166
will significantly affect existing securitizations that use QSPEs, as well as future
securitizations. SFAS No. 166 is effective January 1, 2010 for
calendar-year reporting entities and earlier application is prohibited. We are
evaluating the
impact of adopting SFAS No. 166.
Also on June 12,
2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167,
Amendment to FASB
Interpretation No. 46(R)
(SFAS No. 167) which
addresses the effects of elimination the QSPE concept from SFAS No. 140
and responds to concerns about the application of certain key provisions of FIN
46R including concerns over the transparency of enterprises involvement with
VIEs. SFAS No. 167 requires additional disclosures for various areas
including situations that use significant judgment and assumptions in
determining whether or not to consolidate a VIE as well as the nature of and
changes in the risks associated with a VIE. This standard is effective for
calendar year-end companies beginning on January 1, 2010. We are
evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 167.
38
On June 29, 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 168,
The
FASB Accounting
Standards Codification and the
Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principlesa replacement of FASB
Statement No. 162
(SFAS No. 168). The FASB Accounting
Standards Codification (Codification) will become the single official source of
authoritative GAAP. The current GAAP hierarchy consists of four levels of
authoritative accounting and reporting guidance (levels A through D), including
original pronouncements of the FASB, FASB FSPs, EITF abstracts, and other
accounting literature (pre-Codification GAAP or current GAAP). The
Codification eliminates this hierarchy and replaces current GAAP (other than rules and
interpretive releases of the SEC) with just two levels of literature:
authoritative and nonauthoritative. The Codification will be effective for
interim and annual periods ending on or after September 15, 2009. We do
not believe that the adoption of SFAS No. 168 will have a material impact
on our financial statements.
Results of Operations
Summary
Our net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009
totaled $20.6 million (or $0.14 per diluted common share) and $7.6 million (or
$0.05 per diluted common share), respectively, as compared to net income of
$37.6 million (or $0.25 per diluted common share) and $51.5 million (or
$0.39 per diluted common share), respectively, for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2008. Income from continuing operations for the three and
six months ended June 30, 2009 totaled $20.6 million (or $0.14 per diluted
common share) and $7.6 million (or $0.05 per diluted common share),
respectively, as compared to income from continuing operations of
$38.6 million (or $0.25 per diluted common share) and $48.9 million (or
$0.37 per diluted common share), respectively, for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2008. The decrease in income from continuing operations of
$18.0 million and $41.2 million from the three and six months ended June 30,
2008 to 2009, respectively, is primarily due to an increase in realized and
unrealized loss on investments and a decline in net investment income resulting
from a smaller investment portfolio and lower LIBOR rate. These losses were
slightly offset by net realized and unrealized gains on derivatives and foreign
exchange.
Net Investment
Income
The following table presents the components of our net investment
income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008:
Comparative Net Investment Income Components
(Amounts in
thousands)
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Investment Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate loans and securities interest income
|
|
$
|
97,400
|
|
$
|
163,830
|
|
$
|
202,584
|
|
$
|
363,190
|
|
Residential mortgage loans and securities interest
income
|
|
31,843
|
|
44,643
|
|
70,844
|
|
92,847
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
106
|
|
4,998
|
|
462
|
|
16,074
|
|
Dividend income
|
|
26
|
|
1,092
|
|
287
|
|
1,908
|
|
Net discount accretion
|
|
15,928
|
|
10,865
|
|
29,799
|
|
19,647
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
145,303
|
|
225,428
|
|
303,976
|
|
493,666
|
|
Interest Expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase agreements
|
|
|
|
4,467
|
|
|
|
33,437
|
|
Collateralized loan obligation senior secured
notes
|
|
33,210
|
|
71,889
|
|
79,625
|
|
146,407
|
|
Secured revolving credit facility
|
|
3,916
|
|
3,140
|
|
7,858
|
|
5,773
|
|
Secured demand loan
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
348
|
|
Convertible senior notes
|
|
5,259
|
|
5,623
|
|
10,505
|
|
11,010
|
|
Junior subordinated notes
|
|
4,176
|
|
6,349
|
|
8,617
|
|
12,104
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued
|
|
21,244
|
|
34,001
|
|
47,103
|
|
68,432
|
|
Other interest expense
|
|
1,005
|
|
272
|
|
2,247
|
|
1,022
|
|
Interest rate swap
|
|
3,593
|
|
2,271
|
|
6,330
|
|
3,569
|
|
Total interest expense
|
|
(72,403
|
)
|
(128,037
|
)
|
(162,285
|
)
|
(282,102
|
)
|
Interest expense to affiliates
|
|
(5,379
|
)
|
(19,707
|
)
|
(11,184
|
)
|
(47,525
|
)
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
(12,808
|
)
|
(10,000
|
)
|
(39,795
|
)
|
(10,000
|
)
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
54,713
|
|
$
|
67,684
|
|
$
|
90,712
|
|
$
|
154,039
|
|
39
The decrease in net investment income from the three and six months
ended June 30, 2008 to 2009 is primarily attributable to a smaller
investment portfolio and lower interest rates, partially offset by a decline in
interest expense related to pay downs of our collateralized loan obligation
senior secured notes in 2009.
Other Loss
The following table presents the components of other loss for the three
and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008:
Comparative Other Loss Components
(Amounts in
thousands)
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on
derivatives and foreign exchange:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
92
|
|
$
|
(268
|
)
|
$
|
567
|
|
$
|
3,526
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
4,928
|
|
(2,955
|
)
|
12,908
|
|
10,334
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
17,760
|
|
(3,820
|
)
|
24,713
|
|
(66,445
|
)
|
Common stock warrants
|
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
(707
|
)
|
Foreign exchange(1)
|
|
3,725
|
|
1,145
|
|
713
|
|
358
|
|
Total realized and unrealized gain (loss) on
derivatives and foreign exchange
|
|
26,505
|
|
(5,918
|
)
|
38,901
|
|
(52,934
|
)
|
Net realized loss on residential mortgage-backed
securities and residential mortgage loans, carried at estimated fair value
|
|
(3,269
|
)
|
(744
|
)
|
(11,676
|
)
|
(1,499
|
)
|
Net unrealized loss on residential mortgage-backed
securities, residential mortgage loans, and residential mortgage-backed
securities issued, carried at estimated fair value
|
|
(4,176
|
)
|
(4,850
|
)
|
(15,188
|
)
|
(13,273
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized loss on investments(2)
|
|
(40,304
|
)
|
(7,529
|
)
|
(66,744
|
)
|
(21,288
|
)
|
Net realized and unrealized gain on securities
sold, not yet purchased
|
|
2,479
|
|
1,664
|
|
3,916
|
|
8,650
|
|
Impairment of securities available for sale
|
|
(6,249
|
)
|
(9,688
|
)
|
(40,013
|
)
|
(9,688
|
)
|
Gain on restructuring and extinguishment of debt
|
|
6,892
|
|
17,225
|
|
41,463
|
|
17,225
|
|
Other income
|
|
1,578
|
|
513
|
|
2,911
|
|
5,469
|
|
Total other loss
|
|
$
|
(16,544
|
)
|
$
|
(9,327
|
)
|
$
|
(46,430
|
)
|
$
|
(67,338
|
)
|
(1)
|
Includes
foreign exchange contracts and foreign exchange gain or loss.
|
(2)
|
Includes
lower of cost or estimated fair value adjustment to corporate loans held for sale
and unrealized gain (loss) on private equity investments held at estimated
fair value.
|
As presented in the table
above, other loss totaled $16.5 million and $46.4 million for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, as compared to other loss of
$9.3 million and $67.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30,
2008, respectively. Total other loss for the three months ended June 30,
2009 primarily consisted of net realized and unrealized losses on investments
totaling $40.3 million, partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains
on derivatives and foreign exchange totaling $26.5 million. Total other loss
for the six months ended June 30, 2009 primarily consisted of net realized
and unrealized losses on investments totaling $66.7 million, net
unrealized losses on residential
mortgage-backed securities, residential mortgage loans and residential
mortgage-backed securities issued totaling $15.2 million, and a loss from
other-than-temporary impairments on securities available-for-sale totaling
$40.0 million. These losses were
partially offset by net
realized and unrealized gains on derivatives and foreign exchange totaling
$38.9 million and a gain on restructuring and extinguishment of debt
totaling $41.5 million. The gain on restructuring and extinguishment of debt
primarily reflects the reduction of the reported amount of debt held by an
affiliate of our Manager upon the replacement of Wayzata with CLO 2009-1 on March 31,
2009.
40
Non-Investment
Expenses
The following table presents the components of non-investment expenses
for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008:
Comparative Non-Investment Expense Components
(Amounts in
thousands)
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Related party management compensation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base management fees
|
|
$
|
3,653
|
|
$
|
8,927
|
|
$
|
7,278
|
|
$
|
16,360
|
|
Share-based compensation
|
|
105
|
|
196
|
|
(35
|
)
|
658
|
|
CLO management fees
|
|
6,546
|
|
1,264
|
|
14,273
|
|
2,528
|
|
Related party management compensation
|
|
10,304
|
|
10,387
|
|
21,516
|
|
19,546
|
|
Professional services
|
|
2,090
|
|
1,071
|
|
5,475
|
|
2,928
|
|
Loan servicing
|
|
2,056
|
|
2,391
|
|
4,192
|
|
4,960
|
|
Insurance
|
|
303
|
|
158
|
|
606
|
|
319
|
|
Directors expenses
|
|
388
|
|
315
|
|
692
|
|
716
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
2,284
|
|
5,279
|
|
4,080
|
|
9,239
|
|
Total non-investment expenses
|
|
$
|
17,425
|
|
$
|
19,601
|
|
$
|
36,561
|
|
$
|
37,708
|
|
As presented in the table above, our non-investment expenses decreased
by approximately $2.2 million from the three months ended June 30, 2008 to
2009 and $1.1 million from the six months ended June 30, 2008 to 2009. The
significant components of non-investment expense are described below.
Management compensation to related parties consists of base management
fees payable to our Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement, incentive
fees, collateral management fees, and share-based compensation related to
restricted common shares and common share options granted to our Manager.
The base management fee payable was calculated in accordance with the
Management Agreement and is based on an annual rate of 1.75% times our equity
as defined in the Management Agreement. Base management fee decreased by $5.3
million and $9.1 million, from the three and six months ended June 30,
2008 to 2009, respectively, due to the significant decline in equity from the
$1.1 billion loss we reported for the year ended December 31, 2008. E
ffective January 1,
2009
, the Manager agreed to defer 50% of the monthly base management fee
payable by us for the period from January 1, 2009 through November 30,
2009. The aggregate amount of fees otherwise payable during the deferral period
will be payable to the Manager upon the earlier of (x) December 15,
2009 and (y) the date of any termination of the Management Agreement pursuant
to either Section 13(a) or Section 15(b) thereof.
Our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee provided that
our quarterly net income, as defined in the Management Agreement, before the
incentive fee exceeds a defined return hurdle. Incentive fees of nil were
earned by the Manager during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009
and 2008.
An affiliate of our Manager has entered into separate management
agreements with the respective investment vehicles CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO
2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A and CLO 2009-1 and is entitled to receive fees
for the services performed as collateral manager. Beginning April 15,
2007, the collateral manager ceased waiving fees for CLO 2005-1 and
beginning January 1, 2009, the collateral manager ceased waiving fees for
CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A and Wayzata.
Accordingly, CLO management fees increased $5.3 million and $11.7 million from
the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 to 2009, respectively. In
addition, beginning January 1, 2009, our Manager permanently waived
reimbursable general and administrative expenses allocable to us in an amount
equal to the incremental CLO fees received by our Manager. For the three and
six months ended June 30, 2009, the Manager permanently waived
reimbursement of $3.0 million and $5.3 million, respectively, in allocable
general and administrative expenses. For the three and six months ended June 30,
2008, we reimbursed our Manager $2.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively,
for expenses.
General and administrative expenses consist of expenses incurred by our
Manager on our behalf that are reimbursable to our Manager pursuant to the Management
Agreement. Professional services expenses consist of legal, accounting and
other professional services. Directors expenses represent share-based
compensation, as well as expenses and reimbursables due to the board of
directors for their services. Professional fees increased by $1.0 million from
the three months ended June 30, 2008 to 2009 and $2.5 million from the six
months ended June 30, 2008 to 2009 primarily due to expenses associated
with CLO 2009-1. The decrease in general and administrative expenses of
$3.0 million and $5.2 million from the three and six months ended June 30,
2008 to 2009, respectively, was primarily attributable to the rebated CLO fees
reducing the general and administrative expenses otherwise reimbursable to our
Manager.
41
Income Tax Provision
We intend to continue to operate so that we qualify as a partnership,
and not as an association or publicly traded partnership that is taxable as a
corporation, for United States federal income tax purposes. Therefore, we
generally are not subject to United States federal income tax at the entity
level, but are subject to limited state income taxes. Holders of our shares are
required to take into account their allocable share of each item of our income,
gain, loss, deduction and credit for our taxable year end ending within or with
their taxable year.
KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd. (TRS Ltd.), KKR Financial
Holdings, Ltd. (KFH Ltd.), and KFN PEI VII, LLC (PEI VII)
are not consolidated with us for United States federal income tax purposes. For
financial reporting purposes, current and deferred taxes are provided for on
the portion of earnings recognized by us with respect to our interest in PEI
VII, a domestic taxable corporate subsidiary, because PEI VII is taxed as a
regular corporation under the Code. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities
are computed based on temporary differences between the GAAP consolidated
financial statements and the United States federal income tax basis of assets
and liabilities as of each consolidated balance sheet date. CLO 2005-1, CLO
2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A and CLO 2009-1 are our foreign
subsidiaries that elected to be treated as disregarded entities or partnerships
for United States federal income tax purposes. Those subsidiaries were
established to facilitate securitization transactions, structured as secured
financing transactions. TRS Ltd. and KFH Ltd. are our foreign
subsidiaries and are taxed as corporations for United States federal income tax
purposes. These entities were formed to make certain foreign and domestic
investments from time to time. TRS Ltd. and KFH Ltd. are organized as
exempted companies incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the
Cayman Islands, and are generally exempt from United States federal and state
income tax at the corporate entity level because they restrict their activities
in the United States to trading in stock and securities for their own account.
They generally will not be subject to corporate income tax in our financial
statements on their earnings, and no provisions for income taxes for the
quarter ended June 30, 2009 were recorded; however, we are generally
required to include their current taxable income in our calculation of taxable income
allocable to shareholders.
We own both REIT and domestic taxable corporate subsidiaries, none of
which are expected to incur a 2009 federal or state tax liability.
Investment Portfolio
Corporate Investment Portfolio
Summary
Our corporate investment portfolio primarily consists of investments in
corporate loans and debt securities. Our corporate loans primarily consist of
senior secured, second lien and mezzanine loans. The corporate loans we invest
in are generally below investment grade and are floating rate indexed to either
one-month or three-month LIBOR. Our investments in corporate debt securities
primarily consist of investments in below investment grade corporate bonds that
are senior secured, senior unsecured and subordinated. We evaluate and monitor
the asset quality of our investment portfolio by performing detailed credit
reviews and by monitoring key credit statistics and trends. The key credit
statistics and trends we monitor to evaluate the quality of our investments
include credit ratings of both our investments and the issuer, financial
performance of the issuer including earnings trends, free cash flows of the
issuer, debt service coverage ratios of the issuer, financial leverage of the
issuer, and industry trends that have or may impact the issuers current or
future financial performance and debt service ability.
The tables below summarize the carrying value, amortized cost and
estimated fair value of our corporate investment portfolio as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008, stratified by type. Carrying value is the
value that investments are recorded on our condensed consolidated balance
sheets and is estimated fair value for securities, amortized cost for loans
held for investment, and the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value
for loans held for sale. Estimated fair values set forth in the tables below
are primarily based on dealer quotes and/or nationally recognized pricing
services.
Corporate
Loans
Our corporate loan portfolio totaled approximately $7.3 billion as of June 30,
2009 and $8.1 billion as of December 31, 2008. Our corporate loan
portfolio consists of debt obligations of corporations, partnerships and other
entities in the form of senior secured loans, second lien loans and mezzanine
loans.
The following table summarizes our corporate loans portfolio stratified
by type as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Corporate Loans
(Amounts in
thousands)
|
|
June 30,
2009
|
|
December 31,
2008
|
|
|
|
Carrying
Value (1)
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
|
Carrying
Value(1)
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
|
Senior secured
|
|
$
|
6,459,603
|
|
$
|
6,459,603
|
|
$
|
5,259,242
|
|
$
|
7,147,665
|
|
$
|
7,147,665
|
|
$
|
4,627,121
|
|
Second lien
|
|
597,833
|
|
597,833
|
|
401,394
|
|
655,371
|
|
655,371
|
|
361,196
|
|
Mezzanine
|
|
230,753
|
|
230,753
|
|
120,146
|
|
249,185
|
|
249,185
|
|
109,266
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
7,288,189
|
|
$
|
7,288,189
|
|
$
|
5,780,782
|
|
$
|
8,052,221
|
|
$
|
8,052,221
|
|
$
|
5,097,583
|
|
(1)
|
Total
carrying value excludes allowance for loan losses of $473.2 million and
$480.8 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively,
and includes loans held for sale of $168.5 million and $324.6 million as
of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
|
42
As of June 30, 2009, $7.2 billion, or 98.2%, of our corporate
loan portfolio was floating rate and $0.1 billion, or 1.8%, was fixed
rate. As of December 31, 2008, $7.9 billion, or 98.6%, of our
corporate loan portfolio was floating rate and $0.1 billion, or 1.4%, was
fixed rate. Fixed and floating percentages were calculated based on the
portfolio mix as a percentage of estimated fair value.
All of our floating rate corporate loans have index reset frequencies
of twelve months or less with the majority being quarterly. The
weighted-average coupon on our floating rate corporate loans was 3.9% and 4.6%
as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, and the
weighted-average coupon spread to LIBOR of our floating rate corporate loan
portfolio was 3.1% and 2.9% as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008, respectively. The rates above were calculated assuming that non-accrual
loans were accruing interest as of the stated periods. The weighted-average
years to maturity of our floating rate corporate loans was 4.7 years and 5.1 years
as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
As of June 30, 2009, our fixed rate corporate loans had a
weighted-average coupon of 13.0% and weighted-average years to maturity of
5.7 years, as compared to 13.7% and weighted-average years to maturity of
6.4 years as of December 31, 2008.
Loans placed on non-accrual status may or may not be contractually past
due at the time of such determination. When placed on non-accrual status,
previously recognized accrued interest is reversed and charged against current
income. While on non-accrual status, interest income is recognized using the
cost-recovery method, cash-basis method or some combination of the two methods.
A loan is placed back on accrual status when the ultimate collectability of the
principal and interest is not in doubt.
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had $704.3
million and $358.0 million of loans on non-accrual status, respectively.
The average recorded investment in the impaired loans during the three and six
months ended June 30, 2009 was $738.2 million and $531.3 million,
respectively. As of June 30, 2008, there were no corporate loan balances
placed on non-accrual status. The amount of interest income recognized using
the cash-basis method during the time within the period that the loans were
impaired was $4.7 million and $6.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30,
2009, respectively, and nil for the three and six months ended June 30,
2008.
As of June 30, 2009, we held loans that were in default with a
total amortized cost of $727.3 million from nine issuers. During the year ended
December 31, 2008, we held investments that were in default with a total
amortized cost of $312.7 million from three issuers. The majority of
corporate loans in default during 2009 and 2008 were included in the investments
for which the allocated component of our allowance for losses was related to as
of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for loan
losses for our corporate loan portfolio during the three and six months ended June 30,
2009 and 2008 (amounts in thousands):
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the three
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
For the six
months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
507,762
|
|
$
|
25,000
|
|
$
|
480,775
|
|
$
|
25,000
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
12,808
|
|
10,000
|
|
39,795
|
|
10,000
|
|
Charge-offs
|
|
(47,368
|
)
|
|
|
(47,368
|
)
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
473,202
|
|
$
|
35,000
|
|
$
|
473,202
|
|
$
|
35,000
|
|
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had an
allowance for loan loss of $473.2 million and $480.8 million,
respectively. As described under Critical Accounting Policies, our allowance
for loan losses represents our estimate of probable credit losses inherent in
our loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Our allowance for loan losses
consists of two components, an allocated component and an unallocated
component. The allocated component of our allowance for loan losses consists of
individual loans that are impaired. The unallocated component of our allowance
for loan losses represents our estimate of losses inherent, but not identified,
in our portfolio as of the balance sheet date.
43
As of June 30, 2009, the allocated component of the allowance for
loan losses totaled $428.8 million and relates to investments in loans issued
by eleven issuers with an aggregate par amount of $891.9 million and an
aggregate amortized cost amount of $701.6 million. As of December 31,
2008, the allocated component of the allowance for loan losses totaled $320.6
million and relates to investments in loans issued by eleven issuers with an
aggregate par amount of $828.2 million and an aggregate amortized cost
amount of $715.4 million. The amount recorded to the allocated component
of our allowance for loan losses reflects significant deterioration in the
credit performance of these issuers as demonstrated by default, bankruptcy or a
material deterioration of the issuer such that default or restructuring is
considered likely to occur.
The
unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses totaled $44.4 million
and $160.2 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively. The decline in the unallocated component of our allowance for
loan losses from December 31, 2008 to June 30, 2009 is attributable to the
migration of the unallocated component to the allocated component of the
allowance for loan losses since year end. We recorded charge-offs during the
three and six months ended June 30, 2009 totaling $47.4 million. Of these,
$6.0 million related to a loan sold during the quarter, while $41.4 million
related to a loan exchanged for private equity and which qualified as a
troubled debt restructuring. At the time of restructuring, we elected the
option to carry this investment at estimated fair value in accordance with SFAS
No. 159, with unrealized gains and losses reported in income. There were
no charge-offs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.
We recorded a $25.7 million charge to earnings during the quarter
ended June 30, 2009 for the lower of cost or estimated fair value
adjustment for corporate loans held for sale which had an estimated fair value
of $168.5 million as of June 30, 2009. We recorded a $2.6 million
charge to earnings during the quarter ended June 30, 2008 for the lower of
cost or estimated fair value adjustment for loans held for sale which had an
estimated fair value of $66.7 million as of June 30, 2008.
The following table summarizes the par value of our corporate loan
portfolio stratified by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) and
Standard & Poors Ratings Services (Standard & Poors)
ratings category as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Corporate Loans
(Amounts in
thousands)
Ratings Category
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Aaa/AAA
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Aa1/AA+ through Aa3/AA-
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1/A+ through A3/A-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baa1/BBB+ through Baa3/BBB-
|
|
41,173
|
|
|
|
Ba1/BB+ through Ba3/BB-
|
|
1,577,723
|
|
2,885,285
|
|
B1/B+ through B3/B-
|
|
4,956,391
|
|
4,580,280
|
|
Caa1/CCC+ and lower
|
|
1,078,165
|
|
957,104
|
|
Non-rated
|
|
90,023
|
|
33,449
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
7,743,475
|
|
$
|
8,456,118
|
|
Corporate
Debt Securities
Our corporate debt securities portfolio totaled $604.0 million and
$553.4 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008,
respectively. Our corporate debt securities portfolio consists of debt
obligations of corporations, partnerships and other entities in the form of
senior secured, senior unsecured and subordinated bonds.
The
following table summarizes our corporate debt securities portfolio stratified
by type as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Corporate Debt Securities
(Amounts in
thousands)
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Carrying Value
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
Estimated Fair
Value
|
|
Carrying Value
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
Estimated Fair
Value
|
|
Senior secured
|
|
$
|
55,134
|
|
$
|
38,220
|
|
$
|
55,134
|
|
$
|
57,641
|
|
$
|
75,127
|
|
$
|
57,641
|
|
Senior unsecured
|
|
344,591
|
|
350,172
|
|
344,591
|
|
400,357
|
|
503,897
|
|
400,357
|
|
Subordinated
|
|
204,254
|
|
218,176
|
|
204,254
|
|
95,443
|
|
163,450
|
|
95,443
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
603,979
|
|
$
|
606,568
|
|
$
|
603,979
|
|
$
|
553,441
|
|
$
|
742,474
|
|
$
|
553,441
|
|
44
As of June 30, 2009, $497.1 million, or 82.3%, of our corporate
debt securities portfolio was fixed rate and $106.9 million, or 17.7%, was
floating rate. As of December 31, 2008, $494.6 million, or 89.4%, of our
corporate debt securities portfolio was fixed rate and $58.8 million, or 10.6%,
was floating rate.
As of June 30, 2009, our fixed rate corporate debt securities had
a weighted-average coupon of 10.3% and weighted-average years to maturity of
7.0 years, as compared to 10.3% and 6.8 years, as of December 31,
2008. All of our floating rate corporate debt securities have index reset
frequencies of less than twelve months. The weighted-average coupon on our
floating rate corporate debt securities was 4.0% and 7.0% as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, and the weighted-average coupon
spread to LIBOR of our floating rate corporate debt securities was 3.2% and
3.6% as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. The
weighted-average years to maturity of our floating rate corporate debt
securities was 4.7 years and 4.5 years as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008, respectively.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded
impairment losses totaling $6.2 million and $40.0 million, respectively,
for corporate debt and equity securities that we determined to be
other-than-temporarily impaired. These securities were determined to be
other-than-temporarily impaired either due to our determination that recovery
in value is no longer likely or because we decided to sell the respective
security in response to specific credit concerns regarding the issuer. For the
three and six months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded impairment losses
totaling $9.7 million for corporate debt and equity securities that we
determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we held one corporate
debt security that was in default with a total fair value of $3.7 million
and $3.2 million, respectively. This corporate debt security was determined to
be other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008.
The following table summarizes the par value of our corporate debt
securities portfolio stratified by Moodys and Standard & Poors
ratings category as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
Corporate Debt Securities
(Amounts in
thousands)
Ratings Category
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
Aaa/AAA
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Aa1/AA+ through Aa3/AA-
|
|
|
|
|
|
A1/A+ through A3/A-
|
|
36,000
|
|
37,500
|
|
Baa1/BBB+ through Baa3/BBB-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ba1/BB+ through Ba3/BB-
|
|
32,000
|
|
32,000
|
|
B1/B+ through B3/B-
|
|
265,169
|
|
408,856
|
|
Caa1/CCC+ and lower
|
|
545,368
|
|
734,303
|
|
Non-Rated
|
|
6,816
|
|
6,816
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
885,353
|
|
$
|
1,219,475
|
|
Residential Mortgage Investments
Summary
Our residential mortgage investment portfolio consists of investments
in RMBS with an estimated fair value of $224.1 million as of June 30,
2009. The $224.1 million of RMBS is comprised of $105.6 million of
RMBS that are rated investment grade or higher and $118.5 million of RMBS
that are rated below investment grade. Of the $224.1 million of RMBS
investments we hold, $147.5 million are in six residential mortgage-backed
securitization trusts that are not structured as qualifying special-purpose
entities as defined by SFAS No. 140. Accordingly, as we own the first loss
securities in these trusts, we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of
these entities and as such, consolidate these trusts in accordance with GAAP.
This results in us reflecting the financial position and results of these
trusts in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Consolidation of
these six entities does not impact our net assets or net income; however, it
does result in us showing the condensed consolidated assets, liabilities,
revenues and expenses on our condensed consolidated financial statements. On
our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2009, the $224.1 million
of RMBS is computed as our investments in RMBS of $76.6 million, plus
$147.5 million, which represents the difference between residential
mortgage loans of $2.2 billion less residential mortgage-backed securities
issued of $2.1 billion plus $9.8 million of REO that is included in other
assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The $224.1 million of
RMBS as of June 30, 2009 represents a decrease of 17.2% from
$270.7 million as of December 31, 2008.
As our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly
report are presented to reflect the consolidation of the aforementioned
residential mortgage securitization trusts, the information contained in this
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations reflects our residential mortgage portfolio presented on a
consolidated basis consistent with the disclosures in our condensed
consolidated financial statements.
45
The table below summarizes the carrying value, amortized cost, and
estimated fair value of our residential mortgage investment portfolio as of June 30,
2009 and December 31, 2008. Carrying value is the value that investments
are recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and is estimated fair
value for residential mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage
loans. Estimated fair values set forth in the tables below are based on dealer
quotes, nationally recognized pricing services and/or managements judgment
when relevant observable inputs do not exist.
Residential Mortgage Investment Portfolio
(Dollar
amounts in thousands)
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Amortized
Cost
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Residential Mortgage Loans(1)
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
3,090,856
|
|
$
|
2,218,319
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
$
|
3,371,014
|
|
$
|
2,620,021
|
|
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
|
76,572
|
|
107,165
|
|
76,572
|
|
102,814
|
|
125,849
|
|
102,814
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
2,294,891
|
|
$
|
3,198,021
|
|
$
|
2,294,891
|
|
$
|
2,722,835
|
|
$
|
3,496,863
|
|
$
|
2,722,835
|
|
(1)
|
Excludes
REO as a result of foreclosure on delinquent loans of $9.8 million and $10.8
million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
|
As of June 30, 2009, twenty-five of our residential mortgage loans
with an outstanding balance of $9.8 million were REO as a result of
foreclosure on delinquent loans. As of December 31, 2008, thirty-three of
our residential mortgage loans owned by us with an outstanding balance of
$10.8 million were REO as a result of foreclosure on delinquent loans.
The following table summarizes the delinquency statistics of our
residential mortgage loans, excluding REOs, as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008 (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
June 30, 2009
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
Delinquency Status
|
|
Number
of Loans
|
|
Principal
Amount
|
|
Number
of Loans
|
|
Principal
Amount
|
|
30 to 59 days
|
|
71
|
|
$
|
26,766
|
|
93
|
|
$
|
37,282
|
|
60 to 89 days
|
|
36
|
|
15,692
|
|
41
|
|
15,654
|
|
90 days or more
|
|
116
|
|
44,770
|
|
76
|
|
29,803
|
|
In foreclosure
|
|
120
|
|
48,519
|
|
67
|
|
22,841
|
|
Total
|
|
343
|
|
$
|
135,747
|
|
277
|
|
$
|
105,580
|
|
Portfolio Purchases
We purchased $0.4 billion and $0.7 billion par amount of
investments during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2009,
respectively, as compared to $0.6 billion and $1.3 billion for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
The table below summarizes our investment portfolio purchases for the
periods indicated and includes the par amount of the securities and loans that
were purchased:
Investment Portfolio Purchases
(Dollar
amounts in thousands)
|
|
Three months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
Three months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
Six months ended
June 30, 2009
|
|
Six months ended
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Par Amount
|
|
%
|
|
Par Amount
|
|
%
|
|
Par Amount
|
|
%
|
|
Par Amount
|
|
%
|
|
Securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Debt Securities
|
|
$
|
41,000
|
|
11.5
|
%
|
$
|
83,747
|
|
14.8
|
%
|
$
|
42,563
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
$
|
126,747
|
|
9.7
|
%
|
Marketable Equity Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,969
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,496
|
|
0.5
|
|
Total Securities Principal Balance
|
|
41,000
|
|
11.5
|
|
88,716
|
|
15.7
|
|
42,563
|
|
6.4
|
|
133,243
|
|
10.2
|
|
Loans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Loans
|
|
314,592
|
|
88.5
|
|
476,680
|
|
84.3
|
|
624,218
|
|
93.6
|
|
1,171,253
|
|
89.8
|
|
Grand Total Principal Balance
|
|
$
|
355,592
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
$
|
565,396
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
$
|
666,781
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
$
|
1,304,496
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
46
The schedule above excludes purchases of securities sold, not yet
purchased, with a par amount of nil and $27.2 million as of June 30,
2009 and 2008, respectively.
Shareholders Equity
Our shareholders equity at June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008 totaled $899.6 million and $663.3 million, respectively. Included in our
shareholders equity as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 is
accumulated other comprehensive loss totaling $49.2 million and $268.8 million,
respectively.
Our average shareholders equity and return on average shareholders
equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 were
$823.5 million and 10.0% and $757.9 million and 2.0%, respectively. Our average shareholders equity and return
on average shareholders equity and for the three and six months ended June 30,
2008, were $1.9 billion and 8.0% and $1.7 billion and 6.0%, respectively.
Return on average shareholders equity is defined as net income divided by
weighted average shareholders equity.
Our book value per share as of June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008 was $5.69 and $4.40, respectively, and is computed based on 158,139,238
and 150,881,500 shares issued and outstanding as June 30, 2009 and December 31,
2008, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We actively manage our liquidity position with the objective of
preserving our ability to fund our operations and fulfill our commitments on a
timely and cost-effective basis. As of June 30, 2009, we had unrestricted
cash and cash equivalents totaling $114.4 million.
The majority of our investments are held in Cash Flow CLOs (CLO 2005-1,
CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1 and CLO 2007-A). Accordingly, the majority
of our cash flows have historically been received from our investments in the
mezzanine and subordinated notes of our Cash Flow CLOs. Current market economic
conditions have had a material adverse impact on our cash flows and liquidity.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2009, certain of our Cash Flow CLOs were
out of compliance with certain compliance tests (specifically, OC Tests)
outlined in their respective indentures and as a result, the cash flows we
would generally expect to receive from our Cash Flow CLO holdings was paid to
the senior note holders of the Cash Flow CLOs that were out of compliance with
their respective OC Tests. Based on current market conditions, most notably the
credit ratings of certain investments held in our Cash Flow CLOs and their
related market values, we expect that certain of our Cash Flow CLOs will be out
of compliance with their respective OC Tests during the remainder of 2009 and
as a result, we expect that the cash flows that we would generally expect to
receive will be used to reduce the principal balances of the senior notes
issued by certain of our Cash Flow CLOs.
On
July 10, 2009, we undertook certain actions with respect to CLO 2005-1,
CLO 2005-2 and CLO 2006-1 that are expected to have a positive cash flow impact
for us. Specifically, we surrendered for cancellation, without consideration,
approximately $298.4 million in aggregate of mezzanine notes and junior notes
issued to us by these three CLO transactions. The Surrendered Notes were
promptly cancelled upon receipt by the trustee of each transaction and the
related debt was extinguished by the issuers thereof. We believe that this
transaction brings the OC Tests for these three CLOs into compliance as of the
date of filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, enabling the mezzanine and
subordinated note holders, including us, to resume receiving cash flows from
these transactions during the period when the OC Tests remain in compliance.
In addition to our Cash Flow CLOs, a portion of our assets were
previously held in Wayzata, a market value CLO transaction.
On March 31, 2009, we completed the
restructuring of Wayzata and replaced it with CLO 2009-1. As a result of the
restructuring, substantially all of Wayzatas assets were transferred to CLO
2009-1, a newly formed special purpose company, which issued $560.8 million
aggregate principal amount of senior notes due April 2017 and $154.3
million aggregate principal amount of subordinated notes due April 2017 to
the existing Wayzata note holders in exchange for cancellation of the Wayzata
notes, due November 2012, previously held by each of them. CLO 2009-1 was
structured as a cash flow transaction and does not contain the market value
provisions contained in Wayzata. The portfolio manager of CLO 2009-1 is an
affiliate of
our Manager.
The notes issued by CLO 2009-1 are secured by the
same collateral that secured the Wayzata notes, consisting primarily of senior
secured leveraged loans. As was the case with Wayzata, at the time of the
restructuring, we and an affiliate of our Manager owned all of the subordinated
notes issued by CLO 2009-1.
47
During June 2009, we paid down the senior notes issued by CLO
2009-1 by $516.4 million and on July 24, 2009, we retired the remaining
balance of $44.4 million of outstanding senior notes.
Prior to the retirement of the senior
notes, an affiliate of ours held a 20% interest in the subordinated notes
issued by CLO 2009-1. As part of the
deleveraging of CLO 2009-1, the subordinated notes in CLO 2009-1 held by our
affiliate were retired in exchange for a 20% interest in each of CLO 2009-1s
assets which remained following the deleveraging.
Following the deleveraging transaction and the distribution of assets
to our affiliate, we now hold the residual assets of CLO 2009-1, which consist
of approximately $317.4 million par amount of corporate debt investments with
an estimated fair value as of June 30, 2009 of $242.4 million and
approximately $14.9 million of cash and receivables. As a result of this
transaction, we will receive all cash flows generated by the $317.4 million par
amount of investments on a prospective basis.
We closely monitor our
liquidity position and believe we have sufficient liquidity and access to
liquidity to meet our financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Sources of Funds
Cash Flow
CLO Transactions
As of June 30, 2009, we had six CLO transactions outstanding,
CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2, CLO 2006-1, CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A
and CLO 2009-1. An affiliate of our Manager owns a 37% interest in the junior
notes of both CLO 2007-1 and CLO 2007-A, and a 20% interest in the
subordinated notes of CLO 2009-1. The aggregate carrying amount of the junior
notes in CLO 2007-1, CLO 2007-A and CLO 2009-1 held by the affiliate of our
Manager is $632.5 million as of June 30, 2009, which is reflected as
collateralized loan obligation junior secured notes to affiliates on our
condensed consolidated balance sheet. In accordance with GAAP, we consolidate
each of these CLO transactions. We utilize CLOs to fund our investments in
corporate loans and corporate debt securities. The indentures governing our
Cash Flow CLOs include numerous compliance tests, the majority of which relate
to the CLOs portfolio profile. In the event that a portfolio profile test is
not met, the indenture places restrictions on the ability of the CLOs manager
to reinvest available principal proceeds generated by the collateral in the
CLOs until the specific test has been cured. In addition to the portfolio
profile tests, the indentures for the CLO transactions include OC Tests which
set the ratio of the collateral value of the assets in the CLO to the tranches
of debt for which the test is being measured, as well as interest coverage
tests. For purposes of the calculation, collateral value is the par value of
the assets unless an asset is in default, is a discounted obligation, or is a
CCC-rated asset in excess of the percentage of CCC-rated asset limit specified
for each CLO transaction.
If an asset is in default, the indenture for each Cash Flow CLO
transaction defines the value used to determine the collateral value, which
value is generally the lower of market value of the asset or the recovery value
proscribed for the asset based on its type and rating by Standard &
Poors or Moodys.
A discount obligation is an asset with a purchase price of less than a
particular percentage of par. The discount obligation amounts are specified in
each Cash Flow CLO transaction and are generally set at a purchase price of
less than 80% of par for corporate loans and 75% of par for corporate debt
securities.
The indenture for each Cash Flow CLO transaction specifies a
CCC-threshold for the percentage of total assets in the CLO that can be rated
CCC. All assets in excess of the CCC threshold specified for the respective CLO
are included in the OC Tests at market value and not par.
Defaults of assets in Cash Flow CLOs, ratings downgrade of assets in
Cash Flow CLOs to CCC, price declines of CCC assets in excess of the proscribed
CCC threshold amount, and price declines in assets classified as discount
obligations may reduce the OC ratio such that a Cash Flow CLO is not in
compliance. If a Cash Flow CLO is not in compliance with an OC Test, cash flows
normally payable to the holders of junior classes of notes will be used by the
CLO to amortize the most senior class of notes until such point as the OC Test
is brought back into compliance. Declines in asset prices, particularly in the
corporate loan and high yield securities asset classes during the fourth
quarter of 2008, have been of a historic magnitude and have therefore increased
the risk of failing the OC Tests on all CLO transactions. Accordingly, we
expect that one or more of our CLO transactions will be out of compliance with
the OC Tests for periods of time. While being out of compliance with an OC Test
would not impact our investment portfolio or results of operations, it would
impact our unrestricted cash flows available for operations, new investments
and dividend distributions. As of the date we filed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
we believe that we are or will be failing one or more of the OC Tests for certain
of our Cash Flow CLO transactions.
48
The following table summarizes several of the material tests and
metrics for each of our Cash Flow CLOs. This information is based on the June 2009 monthly
reports which are prepared by the independent third-party trustee for each Cash
Flow CLO transaction:
·
Investments: The par value
of the investments in each CLO plus principal cash in the CLO.
·
Senior interest coverage (IC)
ratio minimum: Minimum required ratio of interest income earned on investments
to interest expense on the senior debt issued by the CLO per the respective CLOs
indenture.
·
Actual senior IC ratio: The
ratio is interest income earned on the investments divided by interest expense
on the senior debt issued by the CLO.
·
CCC amount: The par amount
of assets rated CCC or below (excluding defaults, if any).
·
CCC threshold percentage:
Maximum amount of assets in portfolio that are rated CCC without being subject
to being valued at fair value for purposes of the OC Tests.
·
Senior OC Test minimum:
Minimum senior OC requirement per the respective CLOs indenture.
·
Actual senior OC Test:
Actual senior OC amount as of the report date.
·
Actual cushion / (excess):
Dollar amount that OC test is being passed, cushion, or failed (excess).
·
Subordinated OC Test
minimum: Minimum subordinated OC requirement per the respective CLOs
indenture.
·
Actual subordinated OC Test:
Actual subordinated OC amount as of the report date.
·
Subordinated cushion /
(excess): Dollar amount that the OC Test is being passed, cushion, or failed
(excess).
(dollar amounts in thousands)
|
|
CLO 2005-1
|
|
CLO 2005-2
|
|
CLO 2006-1
|
|
CLO 2007-1
|
|
CLO 2007-A
|
|
Investments
|
|
$
|
1,047,041
|
|
$
|
982,748
|
|
$
|
1,005,862
|
|
$
|
3,471,652
|
|
$
|
1,534,431
|
|
Senior IC ratio minimum
|
|
115.0
|
%
|
125.0
|
%
|
115.0
|
%
|
115.0
|
%
|
120.0
|
%
|
Actual senior IC ratio
|
|
344.8
|
%
|
340.9
|
%
|
302.2
|
%
|
254.6
|
%
|
276.5
|
%
|
CCC amount
|
|
$
|
78,599
|
|
$
|
89,888
|
|
$
|
183,048
|
|
$
|
661,687
|
|
$
|
279,786
|
|
CCC percentage of portfolio
|
|
7.5
|
%
|
9.2
|
%
|
18.2
|
%
|
19.1
|
%
|
18.2
|
%
|
CCC threshold percentage
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
7.5
|
%
|
7.5
|
%
|
7.5
|
%
|
7.5
|
%
|
Senior OC Test minimum
|
|
119.4
|
%
|
123.0
|
%
|
143.1
|
%
|
159.1
|
%
|
119.7
|
%
|
Actual senior OC Test
|
|
124.3
|
%
|
127.5
|
%
|
140.4
|
%
|
146.1
|
%
|
119.8
|
%
|
Cushion / (Excess)
|
|
$
|
37,954
|
|
$
|
33,211
|
|
$
|
(16,218
|
)
|
$
|
(251,069
|
)
|
$
|
1,621
|
|
Subordinated OC Test minimum
|
|
106.2
|
%
|
106.9
|
%
|
114.0
|
%
|
120.1
|
%
|
109.9
|
%
|
Actual OC Test
|
|
104.9
|
%
|
105.1
|
%
|
104.8
|
%
|
103.4
|
%
|
103.7
|
%
|
Cushion / (Excess)
|
|
$
|
(11,816
|
)
|
$
|
(16,038
|
)
|
$
|
(75,015
|
)
|
$
|
(458,072
|
)
|
$
|
(81,805
|
)
|
As reflected in the table above, each of our cash flow CLO transactions
is in compliance with its respective IC ratio tests based on the June 2009 monthly
reports for the respective CLOs. Based on the June 2009 monthly reports,
CLO 2005-1, CLO 2005-2 and CLO 2007-A are in compliance with their respective
senior OC Tests and none of the CLOs are in compliance with their respective
subordinated OC Tests.
The indenture governing CLO 2009-1 does not contain the portfolio and
coverage tests that apply to the Cash Flow CLOs. This is due to CLO 2009-1
having a turbo amortization feature whereby all principal and interest cash
flows are paid to the senior note holders prior to the subordinated note holders
receiving any cash payments.
49
Senior
Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility
On August 5, 2009, we entered into an agreement with our lenders to
amend the terms of our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility.
Among other things, the amendment provides that: (i) the size of the facility
be reduced to $200.0 million from $300.0 million, (ii) the lending commitments
of the lenders to this facility be modified to provide for quarterly
amortization of $12.5 million per quarter until the size of the facility has
been reduced to $150 million on June 30, 2010, (iii) the interest rate
applicable to borrowings under the facility be increased from LIBOR plus 300
basis points to LIBOR plus 400 basis points, (iv) the adjusted tangible net
worth covenant be reduced to $700.0 million from $1.0 billion, (v) the maturity
date of the borrowings under the facility be extended to November 10, 2011, and
(vi) certain events of default under the Credit Agreement be added. The
amendment also provides that the we can (i) pay a yearly distribution to our
shareholders in an amount equal to no greater than 50% of our taxable income
for such year and (ii) use up to $50 million of our unrestricted cash to
repurchase our convertible notes due July 2012 and/or our outstanding trust
preferred securities. In conjunction with this amendment, we paid the lenders
to our credit facility fees totaling $4.5 million.
As of June 30, 2009 we had borrowings outstanding under the
Facility totaling $256.6 million.
In conjunction with the amendment to this facility on
August 5, 2009, we paid down the outstanding balance of borrowings under this
facility to $200.0 million.
Standby
Revolving Credit Facility
On November 10, 2008, the Borrowers entered into an agreement for
a two-year $100.0 million standby unsecured revolving credit agreement
(the Standby Agreement) with our Manager and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
(Fixed Income) LLC, the parent of our Manager. The borrowing facility
matures in December 2010 and bears interest at a rate equal to LIBOR for
an interest period of 1, 2 or 3 months (at our option) plus 15.00% per
annum. Under the terms of the agreement, we can elect to capitalize a portion
of accrued interest on any loan under the agreement by adding up to 80% of the
interest due and payable at a particular time in respect of such loan to the
outstanding principal amount of the loan. The Borrowers have the right to
prepay loans under the Standby Agreement in whole or in part at any time. The
Standby Agreement includes covenants, representations, warranties, indemnities
and events of default that are customary for facilities of this type.
No borrowings were outstanding under the Standby Agreement as of June 30,
2009.
Convertible
Debt
During June 2009, we
completed two transactions to exchange a total of $15.7 million par value of
convertible notes for 7.2 million of the Companys common shares. As a result
of these transactions, we recorded a gain of $6.9 million, or approximately
$0.05 per diluted common share, which was partially offset by a write-off of
$0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs and $0.4 million of other
associated costs.
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments
As of June 30, 2009, we had committed to purchase corporate loans
with aggregate commitments totaling $51.0 million. This amount reflects
unsettled trades as of June 30, 2009.
We participate in certain financing arrangements, including revolvers
and delayed draw facilities, whereby we are committed to provide funding at the
discretion of the borrower up to a specific predetermined amount. As of June 30,
2009, we had unfunded financing commitments totaling $47.2 million.
50
Partnership
Tax Matters
Non-Cash Phantom Taxable Income
We intend to continue to operate so that we qualify, for United States
federal income tax purposes, as a partnership and not as an association or a
publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation. Holders of our shares are
subject to United States federal income taxation and, in some cases, state,
local and foreign income taxation, on their allocable share of our taxable
income, regardless of whether or when they receive cash distributions. In
addition, certain of our investments, including investments in foreign
corporate subsidiaries, CLO issuers, including those treated as partnerships or
disregarded entities for United States federal income tax purposes, and debt
securities, may produce taxable income without corresponding distributions of
cash to us or may produce taxable income prior to or following the receipt of
cash relating to such income. Consequently, in some taxable years, holders of
our shares may recognize taxable income in excess of our cash distributions.
Furthermore, if we did not pay cash distributions with respect to a taxable
year, holders of our shares may still have a tax liability attributable to
their allocation of taxable income from us during such year.
Qualifying Income Exception
We intend to continue to operate so that we qualify as a partnership,
and not as an association or a publicly traded partnership taxable as a
corporation, for United States federal income tax purposes. In general, if a
partnership is publicly traded (as defined in the Code), it will be treated
as a corporation for United States federal income purposes. A publicly traded
partnership will, however, be taxed as a partnership, and not as a corporation,
for United States federal income tax purposes, so long as it is not required to
register under the Investment Company Act and at least 90% of its gross income
for each taxable year constitutes qualifying income within the meaning of Section 7704(d) of
the Code. We refer to this exception as the qualifying income exception.
Qualifying income generally includes rents, dividends, interest (to the extent
such interest is neither derived from the conduct of a financial or insurance
business nor based, directly or indirectly, upon income or profits of any
person), and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks, bonds
and real property. Qualifying income also includes other income derived from
the business of investing in, among other things, stocks and securities.
If
we fail to satisfy the qualifying income exception described above, items of
income, gain, loss, deduction and credit would not pass through to holders of
our shares and such holders would be treated for United States federal (and
certain state and local) income tax purposes as shareholders in a corporation.
In such case, we would be required to pay income tax at regular corporate rates
on all of our income. In addition, we would likely be liable for state and
local income and/or franchise taxes on all of our income. Distributions to
holders of our shares would constitute ordinary dividend income taxable to such
holders to the extent of our earnings and profits, and these distributions
would not be deductible by us. If we were taxable as a corporation, it could
result in a material reduction in cash flow and after-tax return for holders of
our shares and thus could result in a substantial reduction in the value of our
shares and any other securities we may issue.
Our 1940 Act Status
We are organized as a holding company that conducts its operations
primarily through majority-owned subsidiaries and we intend to continue to
conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment
company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Section 3(a)(1)(C) of
the 1940 Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or
proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding
or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities
(within the meaning of the 1940 Act) having a value exceeding 40% of the value
of the issuers total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash
items) on an unconsolidated basis (the 40% test). Excluded from the term investment
securities are, among others, securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries
unless the subsidiary is an investment company or relies on the exceptions from
the definition of an investment company provided by Section 3(c)(1) or
Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act (a fund). The 1940 Act defines a majority-owned
subsidiary of a person as any company 50% or more of the outstanding voting
securities (
i.e.
, those
securities presently entitling the holder thereof to vote for the election of
directors of the company) of which are owned by that person, or by another
company that is, itself, a majority-owned subsidiary of that person. We are
responsible for determining whether any of our subsidiaries is majority-owned.
We treat subsidiaries in which we own at least 50% of the outstanding voting
securities, including those that issue collateralized loan obligations or CLOs,
as majority-owned for purposes of the 40% test.
51
We monitor our holdings regularly to confirm our continued compliance
with the 40% test. Some of our subsidiaries may rely solely on Section 3(c)(1) or
Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act. In order for us to satisfy the 40%
test, securities issued to us by those subsidiaries or any of our subsidiaries
that are not majority-owned, together with any other investment securities
that we may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of
our total assets on an unconsolidated basis and exclusive of U.S. government
securities and cash items. However, most of our subsidiaries rely on exceptions
provided by provisions of, and rules and regulations promulgated under,
the 1940 Act (other than Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of
the 1940 Act) to avoid being defined and regulated as an investment company. In
order to conform to these exceptions, our subsidiaries may be limited with
respect to the assets in which each of them can invest and/or the types of
securities each of them may issue. We must, therefore, monitor each subsidiarys
compliance with its applicable exception and our freedom of action, and that of
our subsidiaries, may be limited as a result. For example, our subsidiaries
that issue CLOs generally rely on Rule 3a-7 under the 1940 Act, while KKR
Financial Holdings II, LLC, or KFH II, our subsidiary that is taxed as a real
estate investment trust or REIT, for United States federal income tax
purposes, generally relies on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act.
Each of these exceptions requires, among other things that the subsidiary (i) not
issue redeemable securities and (ii) engage in the business of holding
certain types of assets, consistent with the terms of the exception. We do not
treat our interests in majority-owned subsidiaries that rely on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of,
or Rule 3a-7 under, the 1940 Act as investment securities when calculating
our 40% test.
We sometimes refer to our subsidiaries that rely on Rule 3a-7
under the 1940 Act as CLO subsidiaries. Rule 3a-7 under the 1940 Act is
available to certain structured financing vehicles that are engaged in the
business of holding financial assets that, by their terms, convert into cash
within a finite time period and that issue fixed income securities entitling
holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flows from these
assets, provided that, among other things, the structured finance vehicle does
not engage in certain portfolio management practices resembling those employed
by mutual funds. Accordingly, each of these CLO subsidiaries is subject to an
indenture (or similar transaction documents) that contains specific guidelines
and restrictions limiting the discretion of the CLO subsidiary and its
collateral manager. In particular, these guidelines and restrictions prohibit
the CLO subsidiary from acquiring and disposing of assets primarily for the
purpose of recognizing gains or decreasing losses resulting from market value
changes. Thus, a CLO subsidiary cannot acquire or dispose of assets primarily
to enhance returns to the owner of the equity in the CLO subsidiary; however,
subject to this limitation, sales and purchases of assets may be made so long
as doing so does not violate guidelines contained in the CLO subsidiarys
relevant transaction documents. A CLO subsidiary generally can, for example,
sell an asset if the collateral manager believes that its credit quality has
declined since its acquisition or that the credit profile of the obligor will
deteriorate and the proceeds of permitted dispositions may be reinvested in
additional collateral, subject to fulfilling the requirements set forth in Rule 3a-7
under the 1940 Act and the CLO subsidiarys relevant transaction documents. As
a result of these restrictions, our CLO subsidiaries may suffer losses on their
assets and we may suffer losses on our investments in those CLO subsidiaries.
We sometimes refer to KFH II, our subsidiary that relies on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of
the 1940 Act, as our REIT subsidiary. Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the
1940 Act is available to companies that are primarily engaged in the business
of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests
in real estate. While the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not
promulgated rules to address precisely what is required for a company to
be considered to be primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or
otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate,
the SECs Division of Investment Management, or the Division, has taken the
position, through a series of no-action and interpretive letters, that a company
may rely on Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act if, among other
things, at least 55% of the companys assets consist of mortgage loans and
other assets that are considered the functional equivalent of mortgage loans
(collectively, qualifying real estate assets), and at least 25% of the
companys assets consist of real estate-related assets (reduced by the excess
of the companys qualifying real estate assets over the required 55%), leaving
no more than 20% of the companys assets to be invested in miscellaneous
assets. The Division has also provided guidance as to the types of assets that
can be considered qualifying real estate assets. Because the Divisions
interpretive letters are not binding except as they relate to the companies to
whom they are addressed, if the Division were to change its position as to,
among other things, what assets might constitute qualifying real estate assets
our REIT subsidiary might be required to change its investment strategy to
comply with the changed position. We cannot predict whether such a change would
be adverse.
Based on current guidance, our REIT subsidiary classifies investments
in mortgage loans as qualifying real estate assets, as long as the loans are fully
secured by an interest in real estate on which we retain the right to
foreclose. That is, if the loan-to-value ratio of the loan is equal to or less
than 100%, then the mortgage loan is considered to be a qualifying real estate
asset. Mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 100% are considered
to be only real estate-related assets. Our REIT subsidiary considers agency
whole pool certificates to be qualifying real estate assets. Examples of
agencies that issue whole pool certificates are the Federal National Mortgage
Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Government
National Mortgage Association. An agency whole pool certificate is a
certificate issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S.
government or by a federally chartered entity, that represents the entire
beneficial interest in the underlying pool of mortgage loans. By contrast, an
agency certificate that represents less than the entire beneficial interest in
the underlying mortgage loans is not considered to be a qualifying real estate
asset, but is considered to be a real estate-related asset.
52
Most non-agency mortgage-backed securities do not constitute qualifying
real estate assets, because they represent less than the entire beneficial interest
in the related pool of mortgage loans; however, based on Division guidance
where our REIT subsidiarys investment in non-agency mortgage- backed
securities is the functional equivalent of owning the underlying mortgage
loans, our REIT subsidiary may treat those securities as qualifying real estate
assets. Moreover, investments in mortgage-backed securities that do not
constitute qualifying real estate assets will be classified as real estate-
related assets. Therefore, based upon the specific terms and circumstances
related to each non-agency mortgage-backed security that our REIT subsidiary
owns, our REIT subsidiary will make a determination of whether that security
should be classified as a qualifying real estate asset or as a real estate-
related asset; and there may be instances where a security is recharacterized
from being a qualifying real estate asset to a real estate-related asset, or
conversely, from being a real estate-related asset to being a qualifying real
estate asset based upon the acquisition or disposition or redemption of related
classes of securities from the same securitization trust. If our REIT
subsidiary acquires securities that, collectively, receive all of the principal
and interest paid on the related pool of underlying mortgage loans (less fees,
such as servicing and trustee fees, and expenses of the securitization), and
that subsidiary has foreclosure rights with respect to those mortgage loans,
then our REIT subsidiary will consider those securities, collectively, to be qualifying
real estate assets. If another entity acquires any of the securities that are
expected to receive cash flow from the underlying mortgage loans, then our REIT
subsidiary will consider whether it has appropriate foreclosure rights with
respect to the underlying loans and whether its investment is a first loss
position in deciding whether these securities should be classified as
qualifying real estate assets. If our REIT subsidiary owns more than one
subordinate class, then, to determine the classification of subordinate classes
other than the first loss class, our REIT subsidiary will consider whether such
classes are contiguous with the first loss class (with no other classes
absorbing losses after the first loss class and before any other subordinate
classes that our REIT subsidiary owns), whether our REIT subsidiary owns the
entire amount of each such class and whether our REIT subsidiary would continue
to have appropriate foreclosure rights in connection with each such class if
the more subordinate classes were no longer outstanding. If the answers to any
of these questions is no, then our REIT subsidiary would expect not to classify
that particular class, or classes senior to that class, as qualifying real
estate assets.
As noted above, if the combined values of the investment securities
issued by our subsidiaries that must rely on Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of
the 1940 Act, together with any other investment securities we may own, exceeds
40% of the value of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities
and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, we may be deemed to be an
investment company. If we fail to maintain an exception, exemption or other
exclusion from the 1940 Act, we could, among other things, be required either (i) to
change substantially the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid
being subject to the 1940 Act or (ii) to register as an investment
company. Either of these would likely have a material adverse effect on us, our
ability to service our indebtedness and to make distributions on our shares,
and on the market price of our shares and any other securities we may issue. If
we were required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act, we
would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital
structure (including our ability to use leverage), management, operations,
transactions with certain affiliated persons (within the meaning of the 1940
Act), portfolio composition (including restrictions with respect to
diversification and industry concentration) and other matters. Additionally,
our Manager would have the right to terminate our management agreement.
Moreover, if we were required to register as an investment company, we would no
longer be eligible to be treated as a partnership for United States federal
income tax purposes. Instead, we would be classified as a corporation for tax
purposes and would be able to avoid corporate taxation only to the extent that
we were able to elect and qualify as a regulated investment company (RIC)
under applicable tax rules. Because our eligibility for RIC status would depend
on our investments and sources of income at the time that we were required to
register as an investment company, there can be no assurance that we would be
able to qualify as a RIC. If we were to lose partnership status and fail to
qualify as a RIC, we would be taxed as a regular corporation. See Partnership
Tax Matters
Qualifying Income Exception
.
We have not requested approval or guidance from the SEC or its staff
with respect to our 1940 Act determinations, including, in particular: our
treatment of any subsidiary as majority-owned; the compliance of any subsidiary
with Section 3(c)(5)(C) of, or Rule 3a-7 under, the 1940 Act,
including any subsidiarys determinations with respect to the consistency of
its assets or operations with the requirements thereof; or whether our
investments in one or more subsidiaries constitute investment securities for
purposes of the 40% test. If the SEC were to disagree with our treatment of one
or more subsidiaries as being excepted from the 1940 Act pursuant to Rule 3a-7
or Section 3(c)(5)(C), or with our determination that one or more of our
other investments do not constitute investment securities for purposes of the
40% test, we and/or one or more of our subsidiaries would need to adjust our
investment strategies or investments in order for us to continue to pass the
40% test or register as an investment company, which could have a material
adverse effect on us. Moreover, we may be required to adjust our investment
strategy and investments if the SEC or its staff provides more specific or
different guidance regarding the application of relevant provisions of, and rules under,
the 1940 Act. Such guidance could provide additional flexibility, or it could
further inhibit our ability, or the ability of a subsidiary, to pursue a chosen
investment strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
53
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk
Currency
Risks
From time to time, we may make investments that are denominated in a
foreign currency through which we may be subject to foreign currency exchange
risk.
Liquidity
Risk
Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that we will be unable to fulfill
our obligations on a timely basis, continuously borrow funds in the market on a
cost-effective basis to fund actual or proposed commitments, or liquidate
assets when needed at a reasonable price.
A material event that impacts capital markets participants may impair
our ability to access additional liquidity. If our cash resources are at any
time insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may have to sell
assets or issue debt or additional equity securities.
Our ability to meet our long-term liquidity and capital resource
requirements may be subject to our ability to obtain additional debt financing
and equity capital. We may increase our capital resources through offerings of
equity securities (possibly including common shares and one or more classes of
preferred shares), securitization transactions structured as secured
financings, and senior or subordinated notes. If we are unable to renew,
replace or expand our sources of financing on acceptable terms, it may have an
adverse effect on our business and results of operations and our ability to
make distributions to shareholders. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt
securities and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive, and any
holders of preferred shares that we may issue in the future may receive, a
distribution of our available assets prior to holders of our common shares. The
decisions by investors and lenders to enter into equity, and financing
transactions with us will depend upon a number of factors, including our
historical and projected financial performance, compliance with the terms of
our current credit arrangements, industry and market trends, the availability
of capital and our investors and lenders policies and rates applicable thereto,
and the relative attractiveness of alternative investment or lending
opportunities.
We have established a formal liquidity contingency plan which provides
guidelines for liquidity management. We determine our current liquidity
position and forecast liquidity based on anticipated changes in the balance
sheet. We also stress test our liquidity position under several different
stress scenarios. A stress test aims at capturing the impact of extreme (but
rare) market rate changes on the market value of equity and net interest
income. This scenario is applied on a daily basis to our balance sheet and the
resulting loss in cash is evaluated. Besides providing a measure of the
potential loss under the extreme scenario, this technique enables us to
identify the nature of the changes in market risk factors to which it is the
most sensitive, allowing us to take appropriate action to address those risk
factors. A decrease in the fair value of our investments held through total
rate of return swaps would result in us posting additional collateral.
Conversely, an increase in the fair value of these swaps would result in us
receiving a portion of the previously posted collateral.
The table below summarizes the potential impact on our liquidity
position under different stress scenarios as applied to our investments held
through total rate of return swap agreements (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Impact on liquidity due to (decrease) increase in fair value of investments
|
|
|
|
-10.0%
|
|
-7.5%
|
|
-5.0%
|
|
-2.5%
|
|
0.0%
|
|
2.5%
|
|
5.0%
|
|
7.5%
|
|
10.0%
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
$
|
(7,189
|
)
|
$
|
(5,392
|
)
|
$
|
(3,594
|
)
|
$
|
(1,797
|
)
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
1,797
|
|
$
|
3,594
|
|
$
|
5,392
|
|
$
|
7,189
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As discussed above in Liquidity and Capital Resources, current market
conditions have had a material adverse impact on our cash flows from CLOs as a
result of our CLOs being out of compliance with their OC Tests. However, based
on our current liquidity and access to liquidity, we believe that we are able
to meet our obligations for at least the next 12 months. As of June 30,
2009, we had unencumbered cash and cash equivalents totaling
$114.4 million.
Credit
Spread Exposure
Our investments are subject to spread risk. Our investments in floating
rate loans and securities are valued based on a market credit spread over LIBOR
and for which the value is affected by changes in the market credit spreads
over LIBOR. Our investments in fixed rate loans and securities are valued based
on a market credit spread over the rate payable on fixed rate United States
Treasuries of like maturity. Increased credit spreads, or credit spread
widening, will have an adverse impact on the value of our investments while
decreased credit spreads, or credit spread tightening, will have a positive
impact on the value of our investments.
54
Derivative
Risk
Derivative transactions, including engaging in swaps and foreign
currency transactions, are subject to certain risks. There is no guarantee that
a company can eliminate its exposure under an outstanding swap agreement by
entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same or another party.
Also, there is a possibility of default of the other party to the transaction
or illiquidity of the derivative instrument. Furthermore, the ability to
successfully use derivative transactions depends on the ability to predict
market movements which cannot be guaranteed. As such, participation in
derivative instruments may result in greater losses as we would have to sell or
purchase an investment at inopportune times for prices other than current
market prices or may force us to hold an asset we might otherwise have sold. In
addition, as certain derivative instruments are unregulated, they are difficult
to value and are therefore susceptible to liquidity and credit risks.
Collateral posting requirements are individually negotiated between
counterparties and there is no regulatory requirement concerning the amount of
collateral that a counterparty must post to secure its obligations under
certain derivative instruments. Because they are unregulated, there is no
requirement that parties to a contract be informed in advance when a credit
default swap is sold. As a result, investors may have difficulty identifying
the party responsible for payment of their claims. If a counterpartys credit
becomes significantly impaired, multiple requests for collateral posting in a
short period of time could increase the risk that we may not receive adequate
collateral. Amounts paid by us as premiums and cash or other assets held in
margin accounts with respect to derivative instruments are not available for
investment purposes.
Counterparty
Risk
We have credit risks that are generally related to the counterparties
with which we do business. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt, or otherwise
fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial
difficulties, we may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery
under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization
proceeding. These risks of non-performance may differ from risks associated
with exchange-traded transactions which are typically backed by guarantees and
have daily marks-to-market and settlement positions. Transactions entered into
directly between parties do not benefit from such protections and thus, are
subject to counterparty default. It may be the case where any cash or
collateral we pledged to the counterparty may be unrecoverable and we may be
forced to unwind our derivative agreements at a loss. We may obtain only a
limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances, thereby
reducing liquidity and earnings.
Interest
Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is defined as the sensitivity of our current and
future earnings to interest rate volatility, variability of spread relationships,
the difference in repricing intervals between our assets and liabilities and
the effect that interest rates may have on our cash flows and the prepayment
rates experienced on our investments that have embedded borrower optionality.
The objective of interest rate risk management is to achieve earnings, preserve
capital and achieve liquidity by minimizing the negative impacts of changing
interest rates, asset and liability mix, and prepayment activity.
We are exposed to basis risk between our investments and our
borrowings. Interest rates on our floating rate investments and our variable
rate borrowings do not reset on the same day or with the same frequency and, as
a result, we are exposed to basis risk with respect to index reset frequency.
Our floating rate investments may reprice on indices that are different than
the indices that are used to price our variable rate borrowings and, as a
result, we are exposed to basis risk with respect to repricing index. The basis
risks noted above, in addition to other forms of basis risk that exist between
our investments and borrowings, may be material and could negatively impact
future net interest margins.
Interest rate risk impacts our interest income, interest expense,
prepayments, and the fair value of our investments, interest rate derivatives,
and liabilities. We manage our interest rate risk using various techniques
ranging from the purchase of floating rate investments to the use of interest
rate derivatives. We generally fund our variable rate investments with variable
rate borrowings with similar interest rate reset frequencies.
55
The following table summarizes the estimated net fair value of our
derivative instruments held at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008
(amounts in thousands):
Derivative Fair Value
|
|
As of
June 30, 2009
|
|
As of
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Notional
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Cash Flow Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
383,333
|
|
$
|
(46,313
|
)
|
$
|
383,333
|
|
$
|
(77,668
|
)
|
Fair Value Hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
32,000
|
|
(2,654
|
)
|
32,000
|
|
(2,915
|
)
|
Free-Standing Derivatives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
115,434
|
|
1,072
|
|
106,074
|
|
274
|
|
Credit default swapslong
|
|
51,000
|
|
(4,292
|
)
|
53,500
|
|
(9,782
|
)
|
Credit default swapsshort
|
|
|
|
|
|
222,650
|
|
69,972
|
|
Total rate of return swaps
|
|
136,132
|
|
5,015
|
|
207,524
|
|
(77,224
|
)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
717,899
|
|
$
|
(47,172
|
)
|
$
|
1,005,081
|
|
$
|
(97,343
|
)
|
Item 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See
discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk in Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk section of Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Item 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The
Companys management evaluated, with the participation of the Companys
principal executive and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the
Companys disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange
Act)) as of June 30, 2009. Based on their evaluation, the Companys
principal executive and principal financial officer concluded that the Companys
disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2009 were designed and
were functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the
information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the
Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within
the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated
and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal
financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding
disclosure.
There
has been no change in the Companys internal control over financial reporting
(as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange
Act) that occurred during the three and six months ending June 30, 2009,
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Companys internal control over financial reporting.
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal
Proceedings
We have been named as a party in various legal actions which include
the matters described below. We have denied, or believe we have a meritorious
defense and will deny liability in the significant cases pending against us
discussed below. Based on current discussion and consultation with counsel, we
believe that the resolution of these matters will not have a material impact on
our financial condition or cash flow.
On August 7, 2008,
the members of our board of directors and certain of our current and
former executive officers and we were named in a putative class action
complaint filed by Charter Township of Clinton Police and Fire Retirement
System in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New
York (the Charter Litigation). On March 13, 2009, the lead
plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint, which deleted as defendants the members
of our board of directors and named as individual defendants only our former
chief executive officer Saturnino S. Fanlo, our former chief operating officer
David A. Netjes, and our current chief financial officer Jeffrey B. Van Horn
(the Individual Defendants, and, together with the Company, Defendants). The Amended
Complaint alleges that our April 2, 2007 registration statement and
prospectus and the financial statements incorporated therein contained
material omissions in violation of Section 11 of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), regarding the risks and
potential losses associated with our real estate-related assets, our
ability to finance our real estate-related assets, and the adequacy of our
loss reserves for our real estate-related assets (the alleged Section 11
violation). The Amended Complaint further alleges that, pursuant to Section 15
of the 1933 Act, the Individual Defendants have legal responsibility
for the alleged Section 11 violation. On April 27, 2009,
Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint for failure to state
a claim under the 1933 Act.
56
On August 15, 2008, the
members of our board of directors and our executive officers (the Kostecka
Individual Defendants) were named in a shareholder derivative action brought
by Raymond W. Kostecka, a purported shareholder, in the Superior Court of California,
County of San Francisco (the California Derivative Action). We are named as a
nominal defendant. The complaint in the California Derivative Action asserts
claims against the Kostecka Individual Defendants for breaches of fiduciary
duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and
unjust enrichment in connection with the conduct at issue in the Charter
Litigation, including the filing of the April 2, 2007 Registration Statement
with alleged material misstatements and omissions. By order dated January 8,
2009, the Court approved the parties stipulation to stay the proceedings in
the California Derivative Action until the Charter Litigation is dismissed on
the pleadings or we file an answer to the Charter Litigation.
On March 23, 2009, the members of our board of directors and certain of
our executive officers (the Haley Individual Defendants) were named in a
shareholder derivative action brought by Paul B. Haley, a purported
shareholder, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York (the New York Derivative Action). We are named as a nominal
defendant. The complaint in the New York Derivative Action asserts claims
against the Haley Individual Defendants for breaches of fiduciary duty, breaches
of the duty of full disclosure, and for contribution in connection with the
conduct at issue in the Charter Litigation, including the filing of the April 2,
2007 registration statement with alleged material misstatements and omissions. By
order dated June 18, 2009, the Court approved the parties stipulation to stay
the proceedings in the New York Derivative Action until the Charter Litigation
is dismissed on the pleadings or we file an answer to the Charter Litigation.
Item 1A. Risk
Factors
There
have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Item 2
.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and
Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults
Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Our 2009 annual meeting of shareholders was held on May
7, 2009. A total of 134,135,023 of our shares were present or voted by proxy at
the meeting. This represented more than 88% of the total number of voting
rights outstanding and entitled to vote at the annual meeting. The following
matters were voted upon and received the votes as set forth below:
1. Shareholders elected twelve directors to one-year
terms that will expire at the annual meeting of the shareholders in 2010.
The
vote tabulation for individual directors was:
DIRECTOR
|
|
FOR
|
|
WITHHELD
|
|
William F. Aldinger
|
|
128,642,565
|
|
5,492,456
|
|
Tracy L. Collins
|
|
128,809,681
|
|
5,325,340
|
|
V. Paul Finigan
|
|
128,827,695
|
|
5,307,326
|
|
Paul M. Hazen
|
|
128,477,286
|
|
5,657,735
|
|
R. Glenn Hubbard
|
|
128,735,409
|
|
5,399,612
|
|
Ross J. Kari
|
|
128,661,288
|
|
5,473,733
|
|
Ely L. Licht
|
|
127,996,036
|
|
6,138,985
|
|
Deborah H. McAneny
|
|
128,790,222
|
|
5,344,799
|
|
Scott C. Nuttall
|
|
128,736,361
|
|
5,398,660
|
|
Scott A. Ryles
|
|
128,730,904
|
|
5,404,117
|
|
William C. Sonneborn
|
|
128,788,286
|
|
5,346,735
|
|
Willy R. Strothotte
|
|
114,585,564
|
|
19,549,457
|
|
2. The election of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our
independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31,
2009 was ratified with 132,035,199 shares voting for, 1,624,535 shares voting
against, 475,286 shares abstaining and no broker nonvotes.
3. The amendment of our Amended and Restated Operating
Agreement to increase the total number of common shares authorized for issuance
to 500,000,000 was ratified with 116,035,371 shares voting for, 17,555,500
shares voting against, 544,146 shares abstaining and no broker nonvotes.
57
Item 5. Other
Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
Amended and Restated
Operating Agreement of the Registrant, dated May 3, 2007, as amended May 7,
2009
|
10.1
|
|
Amendment No. 1, dated
August 5, 2009, to the $300 million Credit Agreement dated November 10, 2008 among
the Registrant, KKR TRS Holdings, Ltd., KKR Financial Holdings II, LLC, KKR
Financial Holdings III, LLC, KKR Financial Holdings, Inc. and KKR Financial
Holdings, Ltd., as Borrowers, Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent
and a Lender and Citicorp North America, Inc., as a Lender
|
31.1
|
|
Chief Executive Officer
Certification
|
31.2
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
Certification
|
32
|
|
Certification Pursuant
to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
|
58
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, KKR Financial
Holdings LLC has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
KKR Financial Holdings LLC
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ WILLIAM C.
SONNEBORN
|
|
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
William
C. Sonneborn
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ JEFFREY B. VAN HORN
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
Jeffrey
B. Van Horn
|
|
|
Date:
August 6, 2009
59
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