The Board of Directors recommends that you vote FOR each of the five proposals described above.
The record date for the Special Meeting is , 2024 (“Record Date”). Only stockholders of record at the close of business on that date may vote on the proposals being presented at the Special Meeting or any adjournment, postponement, rescheduling, or continuation thereof. The proxies are being solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors.
You will be able to attend the Special Meeting, vote, and submit your questions during the Special Meeting via live online webcast by visiting . To attend the virtual meeting, you must have your sixteen-digit control number that is shown on your proxy card. You will not be able to attend the meeting in person.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Special Meeting of Stockholders to be Held on , 2024: The Proxy Statement is available online at .
Your vote is extremely important to us no matter how many shares of our Common Stock you own. If you have any questions or require any assistance with voting your shares, please contact Barnes & Noble Education, Inc.’s proxy solicitor:
Innisfree M&A Incorporated
501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Stockholders may call:
(877) 800-5185 (toll-free from the U.S. and Canada) or
+1 (412) 232 3651 (from other countries)
Banks & Brokers may call collect: (212) 750-5833
Sincerely,
[SIGNATURE]
Mario R. Dell’Aera, Jr.
Chairman of the Board of Directors
The Board of Directors urges you to read the Proxy Statement carefully and, whether or not you expect to attend the virtual meeting, please complete, date, sign and return the enclosed proxy, or vote over the telephone or the Internet as instructed in these materials, as promptly as possible in order to ensure your representation at the meeting. Even if you have voted by proxy, you may still vote if you attend the virtual meeting. Please note, however, that if your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to vote at the meeting, you must obtain a proxy issued in your name from that record holder.
BARNES & NOBLE EDUCATION, INC.
120 Mountain View Blvd.
Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920
PROXY STATEMENT
FOR THE SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To be held on , 2024
This Proxy Statement and enclosed proxy card are being furnished commencing on or about , 2024, in connection with the solicitation by the Board of Directors of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., a Delaware corporation, of proxies for use at its Special Meeting of stockholders to be held on , 2024, and any adjournment or postponement thereof for the purposes set forth in the accompanying Notice.
Other than as expressly stated, all share numbers presented in this Proxy Statement have not been adjusted for the proposed reverse stock split.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RELATING TO THE SPECIAL MEETING
Why am I receiving these materials? What is the purpose of the Special Meeting?
As described in more detail below, the Company is calling a Special Meeting of its stockholders to consider and vote on certain proposals related to a previously announced definitive agreement with Toro 18 Holdings LLC (“Immersion”), an affiliate of Immersion Corporation, and certain of the Company’s existing stockholders and strategic partners, on the terms of new equity and refinancing transactions. The proposed transactions will enable the Company to substantially deleverage its balance sheet and to increase operating flexibility to pursue its strategy to grow the business profitably.
The proposed transactions include the following:
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BNED will receive gross proceeds of $95 million of new equity capital through a $50 million new equity investment (the “Private Investment”) led by Immersion and a $45 million fully backstopped equity rights offering (the “Rights Offering”); |
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The Company’s existing second lien lenders will convert approximately $34 million of outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest into common stock (the “Debt Conversion”); and |
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The Company will refinance its existing asset backed loan facility, pursuant to an agreement with its first lien holders, providing the Company with access to a $325 million facility maturing in 2028. The refinanced ABL facility will meaningfully enhance the Company’s financial flexibility and reduce its annual interest expense. |
Consummation of the proposed transactions require, among other things, obtaining BNED stockholder approval at the Special Meeting of Proposals 1, 2, 3 and 4 described below.
We are providing these proxy materials to you in connection with the Special Meeting. Stockholders as of the close of business on , 2024, the Record Date, are entitled to vote at our Special Meeting, which will be held on , 2024. As a stockholder, you are invited to attend the virtual Special Meeting and are requested to vote on the proposals described in this Proxy Statement. We are required by law to distribute these proxy materials to all stockholders as of the Record Date. The Proxy Statement provides notice of the Special Meeting, describes the proposals presented for stockholder action and includes information required to be disclosed to stockholders. The accompanying proxy card enables stockholders to vote on the matters without having to attend the Special Meeting virtually.
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Even if you wish to attend the virtual Special Meeting, we urge you to cast your vote prior to the meeting using the enclosed proxy card, via the Internet or by telephone. If you choose to vote at the meeting, it will revoke any previous proxy submitted. If you hold your shares in “street name” and wish to vote during the meeting, please contact your custodian in advance of the Special Meeting to ensure access and the ability to vote.
Am I required to exercise my Subscription Rights in the Rights Offering if I vote to approve the Share Issuance Proposal or any other Proposal at the Special Meeting?
No. How you vote with respect to any proposal presented at the Special Meeting does not affect your decision about whether to exercise your Subscription Rights.
How do I exercise my Subscription Rights?
In order to participate in the Rights Offering you need to be a holder of record as of the close of business on the record date for the Rights Offering, which has not yet been set. The record date for the Rights Offering may be different than the Record Date for stockholders entitled to vote at the Special Meeting.
If you are a stockholder of record as of the record date for the Rights Offering, you will receive separately a prospectus with information about the Rights Offering and the instructions that you must follow to exercise your Subscription Rights.
Can I change my vote or revoke my proxy?
Yes. If you are the record holder of your shares, you may change your vote or revoke your proxy by: (i) submitting your vote at a later time via the Internet or telephone; (ii) submitting a properly signed proxy card with a later date that is received at or prior to the Special Meeting; (iii) attending the Special Meeting and voting online during the meeting (if you do revoke your proxy during the meeting, it will not, of course, affect any vote that has already been taken); or (iv) providing a signed letter of revocation to the Company’s Corporate Secretary, at Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, before the closing of the polls at the Special Meeting. For shares you hold beneficially in “street name,” you may change your vote by submitting new voting instructions to your custodian or, if you have obtained a legal proxy from your custodian giving you the right to vote your shares, by attending the meeting and voting virtually. In either case, the powers of the proxy holders will be suspended if you attend the meeting virtually and so request, although attendance at the meeting will not by itself revoke a previously granted proxy.
Will stockholders be asked to vote on any other matters?
To the knowledge of the Company and its management, stockholders will vote only on the matters described in this Proxy Statement.
What will happen if Proposals 1, 2, 3 and 4 are not approved at the Special Meeting?
The consummation of the Rights Offering and the transactions contemplated in the Purchase Agreement is conditioned on the approval of each of Proposals 1, 2, 3 and 4. Stockholders’ failure to approve any of such proposals will result in the cancelation of the Rights Offering and the Company abandoning the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement (the “Transactions”), except that Immersion may in its discretion waive approval of the Reverse Split Proposal as a condition to the consummation of the Transactions.
Under the terms of the Company’s asset backed senior secured credit facility, as amended (the “ABL Facility”), the failure of the Company’s stockholders to approve Proposals 1, 2, 3 and 4 at the Special Meeting (other than the Reverse Split Proposal to the extent Immersion gives consent to waive the Reverse Split Proposal as a condition to Closing) will constitute an immediate event of default under the ABL Facility. Such an event of
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PROPOSAL 1: SHARE ISSUANCE PROPOSAL
Introduction
The Company is party to: (i) a Credit Agreement, dated as of August 3, 2015 (as amended, the “ABL Facility”), among the Company, as the lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent for the lenders (the “ABL Agent”) and (ii) a Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2022 (as amended, the “Term Credit Agreement” and, together with the ABL Facility, the “Credit Agreements”), among the Company, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company party thereto as guarantors, TopLids and Vital, as lenders, and TopLids as administrative agent and collateral agent for the lenders.
Under the ABL Facility, the lenders committed to provide us with a five-year asset-backed revolving credit facility in an aggregate committed principal amount of $400 million effective from an amendment thereto dated March 1, 2019. We had the option to request an increase in commitments under the ABL Facility of up to $100 million, subject to certain restrictions. Proceeds from the ABL Facility are used for general corporate purposes, including seasonal working capital needs. The agreement included an incremental first in, last out seasonal loan facility (the “FILO Facility”) for $100 million maintaining the maximum availability under the Credit Agreement at $500 million. As of July 31, 2022, the FILO Facility was repaid and eliminated according to its terms and future commitments under the FILO Facility were reduced to $0.
The Term Credit Agreement provides for term loans in an amount equal to $30 million (the loans thereunder, the “Term Loans”). The proceeds of the Term Loans are used to finance working capital, and to pay fees and expenses related to the Term Loan facility. The Term Loan was initially required to be repaid (i) after repayment of the FILO tranche under the ABL Facility, with up to 100% of the proceeds of the sale of a non-core business line of the Company generating net proceeds in excess of $1,000,000, other than ordinary course dispositions and (ii) in full in connection with a debt or equity financing transaction generating net proceeds in excess of an amount sufficient to repay the FILO tranche under the ABL Facility.
On March 8, 2023, we amended the ABL Facility to (i) extend the maturity date of the credit facility by six months to August 29, 2024, (ii) reduce the commitments under the ABLFacility by $20 million to $380 million, (iii) increase the applicable margin with respect to the interest rate under the ABL Facility to 3.375% per annum, in the case of interest accruing based on a Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), and 2.375%, in the case of interest accruing based on an alternative base rate, in each case, without regard to a pricing grid, (iv) reduce advance rates with respect to the borrowing base (x) by 500 basis points upon the achievement of certain liquidity events, which could include a sale of equity interests or of assets (a “Specified Event”), or, if such a Specified Event had not occurred, no later than May 31, 2023 and (y) by an additional 500 basis points on September 29, 2023, (v) amend certain negative covenants and add certain additional covenants, (vi) amend the financial maintenance covenant to require Availability (as defined in the ABL Facility) to be at all times greater than the greater of 10% of the Aggregate Loan Cap (as defined in the ABL Facility) and $32.5 million and (vii) require repayment of the loans under the ABL Facility upon a Specified Event.
On March 8, 2023, we also amended the Term Credit Agreement to (i) extend the maturity date of the Term Credit Agreement by six months to December 7, 2024, (ii) permit the application of certain proceeds to the repayment of the loans under ABL Facility and (iii) amend certain negative covenants and add certain additional covenants to conform to the ABL Facility. In addition, the amendment required the achievement of a Specified Event (as described above) by no later than May 31, 2023.
On May 31, 2023, we completed the sale of assets related to our DSS segment for cash proceeds of $20 million, net of certain transaction fees, severance costs, escrow, and other considerations. The transaction qualified as a Specified Event under the Credit Agreements.
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On May 24, 2023, we amended our ABL Facility to (i) increase the applicable margin with respect to the interest rate under the ABL Facility to 3.75% per annum, in the case of interest accruing based on SOFR, and 2.75%, in the case of interest accruing based on an alternative base rate, in each case, without regard to a pricing grid, (ii) defer the reduction of advance rates used to calculate our borrowing capacity by an amount equal to 500 basis points previously required on May 31, 2023 to September 1, 2023, (iii) require cash flow reporting and variance testing commencing June 3, 2023 and (iv) defer partial prepayment of the term loan from the DSS segment sale proceeds to September 1, 2023.
On July 14, 2023, the Company disclosed that if it did not consummate a refinancing or other transaction to sufficiently enhance its liquidity before the issuance of the Company’s audited financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended April 29, 2023, and the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K, management likely would conclude that substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern would then exist. Further, while the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm had not yet completed its audit of the Company’s financial statements, the Company disclosed that inclusion of a going concern explanatory paragraph in an audit opinion delivered in connection with the Company’s audited financial statements would constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreements.
On July 28, 2023, the Company entered into amendments to each of the Credit Agreements. The amendment to the ABL Facility, among other things, (i) extended the maturity date of the ABL Facility to December 28, 2024, (ii) reduced advance rates with respect to the borrowing base by 1000 basis points on September 2, 2024 (in lieu of the reductions previously contemplated for September 2023), (iii) subject to certain conditions, added a CARES Act tax refund claim in the borrowing base, from April 1, 2024 through July 31, 2024, (iv) amended the financial maintenance covenant to require Availability (as defined in the ABL Facility) at all times greater than the greater of (x) 10% of the Aggregate Loan Cap (as defined in the ABL Facility) and (y) (A) $32.5 million minus, subject to certain conditions, (B) (a) $7,500,000 for the period of April 1, 2024 through and including April 30, 2024, (b) $2,500,000 for the period of May 1, 2024 through and including May 31, 2024 and (c) $0 at all other times, (v) added a minimum Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the ABL Facility) financial maintenance covenant, and (vi) amended certain negative and affirmative covenants and added certain additional covenants. The ABL Facility amendment also required that the Company appoint a Chief Restructuring Officer and that, by August 11, 2023, the Company (i) appoint two independent members to the board of directors of the Company from prospective candidates that had been previously disclosed to the ABL Agent and the lenders and (ii) appoint a committee of the board of directors of the Company, referred to as the “Alternative Transactions Committee,” to consist of three Board members (two of whom had to be the new independent directors). The committee’s responsibilities under the ABL Facility amendment included, among other things, to explore, consider, solicit expressions of interest or proposals for, respond to any communications, inquiries or proposals regarding, and advise as to all strategic alternatives to effect, a liquidity event, which could include a sale of Company equity interests or a disposition of assets related to one or more of the Companies’ business units and any associated intellectual property used exclusively therewith, in each case, that is made for all cash consideration and the net proceeds of which would be sufficient to cause all secured obligations under the ABL Facility to be fully satisfied (a “Specified Liquidity Event”).
The amendment to the Term Credit Agreement dated July 28, 2023, among other things, (i) extended the maturity date of the Term Credit Agreement to April 7, 2025, (ii) allowed for interest to be paid in kind until September 2, 2024, (iii) amended the 1.50% anniversary fee to recur on June 7 of each year that the Term Credit Agreement remains outstanding, with the 2024 fee deferred to the earlier of September 2, 2024 and the Termination Date (as defined in the Term Credit Agreement) and (iv) amended certain negative and affirmative covenants and added certain additional covenants.
Effective August 11, 2023, the Board appointed Messrs. Steven Panagos and Raphael Wallander to the Board pursuant to the amendment to the ABL Facility dated July 28, 2023. The Board also created the Alternative Transactions Committee consisting of three Board members: Mr. Panagos, Mr. Wallander, and Mr. Rory Wallace. The committee’s responsibilities included, among other things, to explore, consider, solicit expressions
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of interest or proposals for, respond to any communications, inquiries or proposals regarding, and advise as to all strategic alternatives to effect, a Specified Liquidity Event. Mr. Wallace recused himself from participating in meetings of the Alternative Transaction Committee beginning in November 2023 as a result of his decision to pursue or participate in potential strategic alternatives to effect a Specified Liquidity Event through his affiliate Outerbridge Capital Management.
Beginning in August 2023, and through execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Alternative Transaction Committee, with the assistance of the Company’s financial and legal advisors, solicited and received non-binding expressions of interests and proposals to effect a Specified Liquidity Event. Over 140 institutions were contacted during this period, including potential counterparties to a debt financing transaction, equity capital investment and sale transaction. The ABL Agent was generally kept informed of the progress of these discussions.
On October 10, 2023, we amended our ABL Facility to revise certain reporting requirements to the ABL Agent and lenders under the ABL Facility. The amendment introduced a Specified Liquidity Transaction Fee of $3.8 million that would become due and payable at the earlier to occur of (a) January 31, 2024, to the extent a Specified Liquidity Transaction (as defined in the ABL Facility) has not been consummated prior to such date (or such later date that is up to thirty days thereafter to the extent agreed to in writing by the ABL Agent in its sole discretion) or (b) an Event of Default under the ABL Facility.
On December 12, 2023, the Company entered into a further amendment to the ABL Facility to, among other things, (i) amend the financial maintenance covenant to require Availability (as defined in the ABL Facility) at all times to be greater than the greater of (x) 10% of the Aggregate Loan Cap (as defined in the ABL Facility) and (y) (A) $32.5 million or, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions relating to the repayment of the ABL Facility in full, (B) (a) $20 million for the period of December 8, 2023 through January 12, 2024, (b) $25 million for the period from January 26, 2024 through February 9, 2024, (c) $25 million for the period of April 1, 2024 through April 30, 2024 and (d) $30 million for the period of May 1, 2024 through May 31, 2024, and (ii) revise certain reporting requirements to the ABL Agent and lenders under the ABL Facility.
On March 12, 2024, the Company entered into a further amendment to the ABL Facility to, among other things, (i) revise certain reporting requirements under the ABL Facility and (ii) set certain milestones for liquidity and refinancing contingency plans. Pursuant to the amendment, on or before April 3, 2024 (the “Anticipated Signing Date”), the ABL Agent had to receive the following documents, each of which had to be in form and substance satisfactory to the ABL Agent in its sole discretion (provided that, the Anticipated Signing Date could be extended in writing by the ABL Agent (in its sole discretion) to April 10, 2024 (the “Extended Signing Date”)): (i) a duly executed and effective commitment letter by one or more financial institutions and the Company, which had to, among other things, provide for debt financing sufficient (when taken together with the equity commitments set forth in the Standby Purchase Agreements referred to below) to cause all secured obligations under the ABL Facility to be fully satisfied (the “Debt Financing”) and provide for an outside closing date of no later than May 1, 2024 (the “Targeted Closing Date”) (the “Debt Financing Commitment Letter”); (ii) a duly executed and effective commitment letter by TopLids, each other lender party thereto and the Company, which had to, among other things, permit the incurrence of the Debt Financing, contemplate certain amendments to the Term Credit Agreement and provide for an outside closing date of no later than the Targeted Closing Date (the “2L Commitment Letter”); and (iii) Standby Purchase Agreements between the Company and one or more existing equity holders of the Company or other persons (in each case, acceptable to the ABL Agent), which had to, among other things, provide for backstop equity commitments to purchase additional equity interests of the Company or other equity purchases (in each case, acceptable to the ABL Agent) and provide for an outside closing date of no later than the Targeted Closing Date (collectively, the “Standby Purchase Agreements”). In addition, among other things, on or prior to March 20, 2024, the Company was required to provide to the ABL Agent, in form, substance and detail reasonably satisfactory to the ABL Agent, a timeline and list of steps required to prepare for a potential bankruptcy filing on or about April 10, 2024 (an “Insolvency Proceeding”); (2) on or prior to March 25, 2024, the Company had to provide the ABL Agent with a debtor-in-possession budget for an Insolvency Proceeding; (3) on or prior to April 5, 2024, the Company, the ABL Agent and the lenders had
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to agree to a finalized term sheet for a debtor-in-possession financing in connection with an Insolvency Proceeding; (4) on or prior to April 1, 2024, the Company had to provide the ABL Agent with initial drafts of customary first day motions, including but not limited to a cash management motion and accompanying order, in connection with an Insolvency Proceeding and (5) on or prior to April 8, 2024, the Loan Parties, the ABL Agent and the lenders had to agree to a finalized debtor-in-possession financing order and debtor-in-possession financing agreement in connection with an Insolvency Proceeding.
Immersion and the Company entered into an exclusivity agreement regarding a potential transaction on or about March 22, 2024. The transaction contemplated the participation of the ABL Facility lenders in an amended and restated credit facility to be executed concurrently with the completion of a $45 million rights offering at a $0.05 subscription price backstopped by Immersion, an additional $45 million investment led by Immersion, and the equitization of the outstanding obligations under the Term Credit Agreement at $0.05 per share.
On April 10, 2024, the Company, the ABL Agent and the lenders under the ABL Facility agreed to extend the previously disclosed milestone with respect to entering into a binding commitment letter for a liquidity and refinancing transaction from April 10, 2024 to April 12, 2024, as the Company continued negotiations with Immersion and other parties to satisfy that milestone.
On April 12, 2024, the Company, the ABL Agent and the lenders under the ABL Facility agreed to extend the previously disclosed milestone with respect to entering into a binding commitment letter for a liquidity and refinancing transaction from April 12, 2024 to April 15, 2024, as the Company continued negotiations with Immersion and other parties to satisfy that milestone.
On April 15, 2024, the Company, the ABL Agent and the lenders under the ABL Facility agreed to two one-day extensions to the previously disclosed milestone with respect to entering into a binding commitment letter for a liquidity and refinancing transaction, as the Company continued negotiations with Immersion and other parties to satisfy that milestone.
On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement and other transaction documents with Immersion, Outerbridge, Selz, Vital and TopLids.
On April 16, 2024, the Company also amended its ABL Facility to, among other things, revise certain milestones related to the previously-disclosed liquidity and refinancing contingency plans to align those milestones with the Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, which milestones include (i) filing the Form S-1 described below no later than two (2) business days after the date of the amendment, (ii) obtaining receipt of support letters in support of the Transactions from persons owning not less than 20% of the outstanding voting stock of the Company by no later than May 3, 2024 (or such later date as agreed to in writing by the ABL Agent, (iii) obtaining receipt of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) approval for the effectiveness of the Form S-1 on or before May 24, 2024 (or such later date as agreed to in writing by the ABL Agent in its sole discretion) and (iv) closing the Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement on or before the date that is 25 days after the effectiveness of the Form S-1. The failure of the Company stockholders to approve Proposals 1, 2, 3 and 4 at the Special Meeting (other than the Reverse Split Proposal to the extent Immersion gives consent to waive the Reverse Split Proposal as a condition to Closing) will constitute an immediate event of default under the ABL Facility.
Concurrent with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, on April 16, 2024, the Company and the lenders under its ABL Facility also entered into the Debt Financing Commitment Letter, which sets forth the terms of an amended and restated ABL Facility (such amended and restated facility, the “A&R ABL Facility”). The A&R ABL Facility, if it becomes effective on the Targeted Closing Date provides for, among other things, (i) a new four-year asset-based credit facility in an aggregate commitment principal amount of $325 million, which will replace the existing ABL Facility, (ii) interest rate margins for borrowings of SOFR-based loans of 3.50%, and the interest rate margins for base rate loans of 2.50%, in each case, subject to one 25 basis points step-down if the
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allotted to each holder participating in the Over-Subscription Right will be prorated among those who properly exercised the Over-Subscription Right, calculated as follows: the number of shares of Common Stock allotted to each holder participating in the Over-Subscription Right will be the product obtained by multiplying (i) the number of shares such holder subscribed for under the Over-Subscription Right by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is (A) the number of remaining shares pursuant to the Rights Offering and the denominator of which is (B) the total number of shares sought to be subscribed for under the Over-Subscription Right by all holders participating in the Over-Subscription Right. Such allotted shares will be rounded to the nearest whole number. If the number of remaining shares of Common Stock allocated after the exercise of the Over-Subscription Right is less than all of the shares of Common Stock a holder subscribed for under the Over-Subscription Right, then any excess payment for shares of Common Stock not issued to the holder will be returned to such holder after the expiration of the Rights Offering.
Once a Subscription Rights holder has exercised the Rights, the exercise may not be revoked. There is no minimum subscription requirement. Subject to stockholder approval, we will consummate the Rights Offering regardless of the amount raised from the exercise of Basic and Over-Subscription Rights.
Subscription Rights not exercised by the expiration date of the Rights Offering will expire and will have no value. Although we do not presently intend to do so, we reserve the option to extend the Rights Offering and the Rights Offering period for exercising the Subscription Rights.
Subject to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Board may cancel the Rights Offering at any time before the expiration of the Rights Offering. In the event that the Rights Offering is cancelled, we will issue a press release notifying stockholders of the cancellation and all subscription payments received will be returned, without interest or penalty, as soon as practicable. The Board also reserves the right to amend the terms of the Rights Offering at any time before its expiration for any reason, including, without limitation, in order to increase participation in the Rights Offering, provided that we have obtained any prior written consent that may be required from Immersion pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Such amendments or modifications may include a change in the Subscription Price, although no such change is presently contemplated. Should we make any fundamental changes to the terms of the Rights Offering, we will offer potential purchasers who have subscribed for shares of Common Stock in the Rights Offering the opportunity to cancel such subscriptions and issue a refund of any money advanced by such stockholder. In addition, upon such event, we may extend the Rights Offering to give Rights holders ample time to make new investment decisions. The terms of the Rights Offering cannot be modified or amended after the expiration of the Rights Offering.
To the extent that our directors and officers held shares of our Common Stock as of the record date of the Rights Offering, they will receive the Subscription Rights and, while they are under no obligation to do so, will be entitled to participate in the Rights Offering. Our directors and officers have not indicated to us whether they will exercise Subscription Rights in the Rights Offering.
This Proxy Statement is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy shares of Common Stock or any other securities, including any shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Subscription Rights. Offers and sales of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Subscription Rights will only be made by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act, and applicable state securities laws, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in such prospectus. In connection with the Rights Offering, we have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-278799) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The Purchase Agreement
Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, if any Subscription Rights remain unexercised upon the expiration of the Rights Offering after accounting for all Over-Subscription Rights exercised, the Standby Purchasers will collectively purchase, at the Subscription Price, in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements under the Securities Act, and separate from the Rights Offering, up to $45 million in
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and Outerbridge arising from an alleged breach by Immersion of certain obligations under a confidentiality agreement signed in January 2024 between Immersion and Outerbridge. Such confidentiality agreement was entered into in connection with a then-potential joint investment by Immersion and Outerbridge in the Company. The $1.25 million reimbursement payment is included in the $2.45 million expense cap payable by the Company to Immersion if the Transactions are consummated.
The description of the Purchase Agreement is only a summary of such agreement and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual text of the Purchase Agreement filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024.
Stockholders are being asked at the Special Meeting to approve the issuance and sale of approximately 2,575,050,259 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Transactions. A vote in favor of the Share Issuance Proposal will not obligate any stockholder to purchase shares in the Rights Offering.
Other Transactions
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have agreed that, prior to the Closing of the Transactions, we will not (i) solicit, initiate, or knowingly encourage, knowingly facilitate or knowingly induce the making, submission or announcement of, any Alternative Transaction (as defined below), (ii) disclose to any person or entity, or discuss with any person or entity, any information relating to the Company and/or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably be expected to encourage or result in the making of any Alternative Transaction or in connection with any Alternative Transaction, (iii) enter into, participate in, maintain or continue any communications or negotiations regarding any Alternative Transaction, (iv) agree to, accept, recommend or endorse (or publicly propose or announce any intention or desire to agree to, accept, recommend or endorse), including any change of recommendation by the Board, any Alternative Transactions or (v) enter into any letter of intent, contract or other agreement relating to, or otherwise agree to or consummate or effect, any Alternative Transaction. The term “Alternative Transaction” means any agreement, offer or proposal for, any acquisition (including beneficial ownership) of (i) more than 5% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company or (ii) a substantial portion of the consolidated assets of the Company (other than in the ordinary course of business), whether by way of merger, consolidation, reorganization, liquidation, asset sale, stock purchase, joint venture, exclusive license, tender offer or other business combination, other than any offer, proposal or indication of interest made by or on behalf of Immersion or its affiliates. However, we may enter into any agreement, discussion or negotiation with, or provide information to, or solicit, encourage, facilitate or induce any inquires or proposals from, any other person with respect to an Alternative Transaction in response to an unsolicited proposal that the Board, or the Alternative Transaction Committee of the Board, determines in good faith could reasonably be expected to lead to a Superior Transaction. A “Superior Transaction” means a bona fide written Alternative Transaction that the Board and the Alternative Transaction Committee of the Board determine in good faith to be more favorable to the Company’s stockholders from a financial point of view than the Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement or otherwise in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. We will be entitled to terminate the Rights Offering to effect a Superior Transaction before the expiration of the Rights Offering.
Purchasers Covenants
Immersion, Outerbridge, Selz and the Lien Purchasers (collectively referred to as the “Purchasers”) have agreed to the following covenants in the Purchase Agreement:
Reasonable Best Efforts Covenant. Each Purchaser is required to use its reasonable best efforts to cooperate with the Company and to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement in accordance with its terms, including but not limited to taking any actions or making any public or private communications with stockholders of the Company that recommends or encourages any actions in contravention of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
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Support Agreement: Each Purchaser will cause the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by it and its controlled affiliates, if any, to continue to be held at least until and through the record date of the Special Meeting and to be voted in favor of the Proposals at the Special Meeting. Bernand Selz has agreed pursuant to a side letter signed with the Company and Immersion to abide by the foregoing voting commitments as if he were a party to the Purchase Agreement. Therefore, we have commitments from the holders of approximately % of the shares of Common Stock as of the Record Date to vote in favor of the Proposals. Such commitment does not survive if the Purchase Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, including if the Company terminates the Purchase Agreement in connection with a Superior Transaction.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding paragraph, Outerbridge and its representatives is permitted prior to 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on May 3, 2024 to enter into any agreement, discussion or negotiation with, or provide information to, or solicit, encourage, facilitate or induce any inquires or proposals from, any other person with respect to, and related only to an Alternative Transaction, and participate in any such Alternative Transaction, provided that (i) any such actions taken by Outerbridge or its representatives will not be deemed a violation of the Company’s no-shop obligations by the Company or its representatives, and (ii) unless the Purchase Agreement is terminated by the Company to enter into a Superior Transaction, Outerbridge (A) will cause its shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by it and its controlled affiliates, if any, to continue to be held at least until and through the record date of the Special Meeting and to be voted in favor of the Transaction Proposals at the Special Meeting, and (B) will not make any public announcement with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement that discourages stockholders to approve the Transaction Proposals or with respect to any Alternative Transaction.
No Acquisition of Rights or Common Stock. Each Purchaser has agreed not to acquire, and cause its affiliates not to acquire, directly or indirectly, any (i) Rights (except for those received directly from the Company pursuant to the Rights Offering); or (ii) prior to the Closing, any shares of Common Stock, or any other securities of the Company entitled to vote in the election of directors, or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock or such other securities, whether or not subject to the passage of time or other contingencies.
No Stabilization. Each Purchaser will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common Stock in violation of applicable law.
Registration Rights
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, as soon as reasonably practicable after closing of the Transactions (and in no event later than fifteen (15) business days following such closing), we are obligated to file a registration statement to register the resale of shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to the Backstop Commitment, the Private Investment and the Debt Conversion, subject to certain requirements and customary conditions.
Closing Conditions of the Purchase Agreement
The Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement will close concurrently and such Closing is subject to, among others, the consummation of the Rights Offering, the execution of the A&R ABL Facility, the expiration of any applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 and the effectiveness of the registration statement related to the Rights Offering. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Closing of the Transactions is also contingent upon our stockholders’ approval, at the Special Meeting, of Proposals 1, 2, 3 and 4, provided that Immersion may waive approval of the Reverse Split Proposal.
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Termination
We will terminate the Purchase Agreement if the Transactions are not approved by our stockholders at the Special Meeting. The Purchase Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the closing of the Transactions by mutual agreement of the Company and Immersion or by either the Company or Immersion if the closing of
the Transactions does not occur by July 31, 2024 (as such date may be extended if the term of the Debt Financing Commitment Letter from the A&R ABL Facility is extended), so long as such failure to close is not due to a failure by the party seeking termination to comply with the Purchase Agreement. Additionally, the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by the Company or Immersion following a breach of the Purchase Agreement by the other party such that the conditions to the obligations to perform of the party seeking termination cannot be satisfied by July 31, 2024. We may also terminate the Purchase Agreement to effect a Superior Transaction prior to the expiration of the Rights Offering.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify each of Immersion, Outerbridge, Vital and TopLids and each of their respective shareholders, members, partners, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person who controls such persons or their affiliates (each, a “Purchaser Party”) for all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (“Losses”) that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur arising out of or in connection with any claim, challenge, litigation, investigation or proceeding (“Proceedings”) instituted by a third party and arising out of or relating to the Transactions or the transaction documents and any related amendments thereto, and to reimburse such Purchaser Party for any reasonable legal or other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with investigating, responding to, or defending any of the foregoing, subject to certain exceptions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Purchase Agreement, (X) we will not be liable for any claim for indemnification for Losses incurred by Outerbridge and its affiliates (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act), and each of their respective shareholders, members, partners, directors, officers, employees and agents (and any other persons with a functionally equivalent role of a person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), and each person who controls (within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act) Outerbridge (collectively, the “Outerbridge Parties”), unless and until the aggregate amount of indemnified Losses which may be recovered from the Company by the Outerbridge Parties in the aggregate equals or exceeds (i) $1,250,000 or (ii) if we consummate an Alternative Transaction, $250,000 (such applicable amount, the “Deductible”), in which case we will only be liable for amounts due above such Deductible, and (Y) the maximum aggregate amount of indemnifiable Losses which may be recovered from the Company by the Outerbridge Parties shall be an amount equal to $3,000,000. The indemnifying party will not be liable for any settlement of any Proceedings effected without its written consent.
Each of Immersion, Vital, TopLids, Outerbridge and Selz severally and not jointly, has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors, officers, employees and agents, from and against any and all Losses that any such person may suffer or incur resulting from any untrue statement of material fact contained in the transaction documents, but only to the extent that such untrue statement was made in reliance or in conformity with information relating to Immersion, Vital, TopLids, Outerbridge and Selz or their affiliates furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of such persons expressly for use in the transaction documents. If the indemnification is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses, then the indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying the indemnified party, will contribute to the amount paid or payable by the indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.
Immersion Post-Closing Obligations
Following the Closing, Immersion and each other Standby Purchasers and Lien Purchasers (to the extent such other purchaser is or becomes a member of a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act)
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a severance trigger will be reimbursed by a party to the Purchase Agreement pursuant to a separate agreement entered into by such party with Immersion concurrently with the execution of the Purchase Agreement.
Mr. Huseby is eligible to earn the following bonuses in accordance with the Performance Incentive Agreement, dated September 14, 2023 by and between the Company and Mr. Huseby: (i) $220,000 upon completion of a transaction approved by the Alternative Transactions Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and (ii) $220,000 if awarded by the Board in its discretion upon a recommendation from the Alternative Transaction Committee.
Certain Effects of the Transactions
The Rights Offering and the other Transactions may result in Immersion owning over 50% of the Company’s outstanding shares, and their interests could differ from the interests of our other stockholders. As a result of the Private Investment, Immersion will own approximately 34.2% of the Company’s outstanding shares upon Closing, assuming the Rights Offering is fully subscribed. In addition, if Immersion is required to fully fund its Backstop Commitment, its aggregate ownership would increase to over 60.9% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock, after giving effect to the Transactions. Based on the foregoing, following the Transactions, Immersion will have considerable influence or veto control regarding the outcome of any transaction or action that requires stockholder approval, including the election of our Board of Directors, mergers, acquisitions, amendments to our charter and various corporate governance actions.
Following the consummation of the Transactions, our Board of Directors will be reconstituted to be composed of seven members, four of whom are executives and/or members of the Board of Directors of Immersion. Immersion has agreed to maintain at least three directors on our Board of Directors that satisfy the independence standard under NYSE rules applicable to audit committee members. However, Immersion through its stock ownership may have effective veto rights over the election of all Board members, inclusive of such independent directors.
Following the consummation of the Transactions, Vital and TopLids, who will receive shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Debt Conversion, will own approximately 12.4% and 17.2%, respectively, of our outstanding shares of Common Stock (including the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by their respective affiliates). As such, they will also have significant influence over actions that require stockholder approval.
Immersion and the Lien Purchasers may have interests different than yours. For example, they may delay or prevent a change of control of us, even if such a change of control would benefit other stockholders, or pursue strategies that are different from the wishes of other investors. The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our Common Stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
Following consummation of the Transactions, there is no guarantee that key members of our management team will be retained. The loss of one or more key members of our management team could harm our business and negatively affect our ability to successfully grow our business. We are highly dependent upon the continued service and performance of the key members of our management team and other personnel. The potential loss of any of these individuals following consummation of the Transactions could disrupt our operations and significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. We may be unable to attract and retain suitably qualified members of our management team who are capable of meeting our operational, managerial and other requirements. Our failure to attract, hire, integrate and retain qualified personnel could impair our ability to achieve our business objectives.
If the Transactions are consummated, your relative ownership interest will experience significant dilution. To the extent that you do not exercise your Subscription Rights, your proportionate voting interest will be reduced, and the percentage that your original shares represent of our expanded equity after exercise of the Subscription Rights will be diluted. Even if you exercise your Subscription Rights, your ownership will be diluted by the issuance of
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PROPOSAL 2: APPROVAL OF THE AMENDED CERTIFICATE PROPOSAL
The Board of Directors has adopted and is recommending that our stockholders approve a proposed amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The authorized capital stock of the Company currently consists of (a) 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock and (b) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), 100,000 of which shares of Preferred Stock are designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. This amendment will increase the aggregate number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 200,000,000 shares to 10,000,000,000 shares and the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital stock from 205,000,000 shares to 10,005,000,000 shares. This amendment will not amend the aggregate number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock. If approved by our stockholders, the increase in authorized shares of Common Stock (and the corresponding increase in the aggregate number of shares of capital stock) will become effective as soon as reasonably practicable after the Special Meeting by the filing of a Certificate of Amendment with the Delaware Secretary of State of Delaware. If our stockholders do not approve the Amended Certificate Proposal, the authorized number of shares of Common Stock would remain at 200,000,000 shares and we would be unable to consummate the Rights Offering and other Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement.
As of April 26, 2024, 53,156,369 shares of Common Stock were issued and outstanding (exclusive of shares held in treasury); 2,683,797 shares of Common Stock were held in treasury; an aggregate of 6,912,967 shares of Common Stock were reserved for future issuance; and no shares of Preferred Stock were outstanding. Accordingly, we currently have approximately 137,246,867 shares of Common Stock remaining available for issuance, after taking into account shares reserved for future issuance under equity incentive plans. The Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, if approved and completed, will require us to issue up to approximately 2,575,050,259 shares of Common Stock. Without an increase in the number of authorized shares of Common Stock, we will not have sufficient shares of Common Stock to complete the Transactions. Accordingly, we are seeking stockholders’ approval of the Amended Certificate Proposal to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 200,000,000 shares to 10,000,000,000 shares. The additional shares of Common Stock authorized would also be available for other issuances for any proper corporate purpose from time to time as determined by the Board of Directors.
This description of the proposed amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is only a summary of such amendment and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual text of the form of proposed amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement.
While we do not have any current plans to issue additional equity securities, other than in connection with the Purchase Agreement, grants under our present and future equity compensation plans and the Rights Agreement dated as of April 16, 2024, by and between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as rights agent, our Board of Directors is seeking approval at this time for more authorized shares of Common Stock than is needed to complete the Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement because opportunities requiring prompt action may arise in the future and the Board believes the delay and expense in seeking stockholders’ approval for additional authorized shares of Common Stock could deprive us and our stockholders of the ability to benefit effectively from opportunities.
The additional shares of Common Stock to be authorized will have rights identical to the currently outstanding Common Stock. The proposed amendment will not affect the par value of our Common Stock, which will remain at $0.01 per share. Under the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our stockholders do not have preemptive rights to subscribe to additional securities which may be issued by us. This means that current stockholders do not have a prior right to purchase any new issue of our capital stock in order to maintain their proportionate ownership of Common Stock.
If we issue additional shares of Common Stock or other securities convertible into Common Stock in the future, it could dilute the voting rights of existing holders of Common Stock and could also dilute earnings per share.
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PROPOSAL 3: APPROVAL OF REVERSE STOCK SPLIT OF COMMON STOCK
Background
On February 27, 2024, we received a letter from the NYSE notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive trading days, the bid price of our Common Stock had closed below $1.00 per share, the minimum closing bid price required by the continued listing requirements of Rule 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual. We intend to take remedial actions, such as conducting a reverse stock split, to cure such deficiency.
In addition, given the large number of shares that are required to be issued pursuant to the Rights Offering and related equity transactions, we plan to effect a reverse split in order to more effectively manage the number of shares outstanding following the Share Issuance and the closing of the other transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement. Such a reverse stock split requires our stockholders’ approval.
Our Board has approved and recommends that our stockholders approve an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, which will effect a reverse stock split (“Reverse Stock Split”) of all issued and outstanding shares of our Common Stock, at a ratio of 1-for-100 following the Closing but no later than forty-five (45) calendar days following the Closing as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The Reverse Stock Split would reduce the number of outstanding shares of our Common Stock in accordance to the reverse split ratio of 1-for-100. The text of the proposed form of Certificate of Amendment of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, is attached hereto as Appendix B.
We are seeking our stockholders’ approval of the proposed amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and authorization to our Board to determine, at its option, whether to implement the Reverse Stock Split, including its specific timing within the timeframe provided for in the Purchase Agreement. Should we receive the required stockholder approval for Proposal 3, the Board will have the sole authority to elect, at any time no earlier than one (1) business day and no later than forty-five (45) calendar days following the Closing of the Transactions, and without the need for any further action on the part of our stockholders, to effect the Reverse Stock Split. Except for adjustments that may result from the treatment of fractional shares as described below, each of our stockholders will hold the same percentage of our outstanding Common Stock immediately following the Reverse Stock Split as such stockholder holds immediately prior to the Reverse Stock Split.
Notwithstanding approval of the Reverse Split Proposal by our stockholders, following Closing the Board may, at its sole option, abandon the proposed amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and determine prior to the effectiveness of any filing of the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware not to effect the Reverse Stock Split, as permitted under Section 242(c) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
Reasons for Effecting a Reverse Stock Split
To maintain our listing on the NYSE. By potentially increasing our stock price, the Reverse Stock Split would reduce the risk that our Common Stock could be delisted from the NYSE. Our Common Stock is publicly traded and listed on the NYSE under the symbol “BNED.” On February 27, 2024, we received a letter from the NYSE notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive trading days, the bid price of our Common Stock had closed below $1.00 per share. Pursuant to Rule 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, a company will be considered to be below compliance standards if the average closing price of a security fell below $1.00 over a period of 30 consecutive trading days (the “NYSE Price Requirement”). We were automatically provided with a six-month period to regain compliance with the NYSE Price Requirement. To regain compliance, on the last trading day of any calendar month during the cure period, we must have (i) a closing share price of at least $1.00 and (ii) an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that
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month. In the event that at the expiration of the six-month cure period, both a $1.00 closing share price on the last trading day of the cure period and a $1.00 average closing share price over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of the cure period are not attained, NYSE will commence suspension and delisting procedures. However, we cannot assure you that any remedial actions we intend to take will be successful and that we will be able to cure this deficiency or comply with other NYSE continued listing standards. In the event that NYSE determines not to continue our listing and we are delisted from NYSE, our Common Stock may be delisted and trade on the OTC Bulletin Board or other small trading markets, such as the pink sheets, depending on our ability to meet the specific listing requirements of those trading markets.
The Board has considered the potential harm to us and our stockholders should NYSE delist our Common Stock. Delisting would likely reduce the visibility, liquidity, and value of our Common Stock, reduce institutional investor interest in the Company, and may increase the volatility of our Common Stock. Alternatives, such as the OTC Bulletin Board and the pink sheets, are generally considered to be less efficient markets. An investor likely would find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate quotations in seeking to buy, our Common Stock on an over-the-counter market. Many investors likely would not buy or sell our Common Stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, policies preventing them from trading in securities not listed on a national exchange, transaction costs that represent a higher percentage of total share value than would be the case if our share price were higher or for other reasons. Delisting could also cause a loss of confidence of potential industry partners, lenders, and employees, which could further harm our business and our future prospects.
The Board believes that the proposed Reverse Stock Split is a potentially effective means for us to maintain compliance with the NYSE Price Requirement following the Closing and to avoid, or at least mitigate, the likely adverse consequences of our Common Stock being delisted from NYSE by producing the immediate effect of increasing the bid price of our common stock.
To potentially improve the marketability and liquidity of our Common Stock. The Board believes that the increased market price of our Common Stock expected as a result of implementing the Reverse Stock Split could improve the marketability and liquidity of our Common Stock and encourage interest and trading in our Common Stock.
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Stock Price Requirements: We understand that many brokerage houses, institutional investors and funds have internal policies and practices that either prohibit them from investing in low-priced stocks or tend to discourage individual brokers from recommending low-priced stocks to their customers or by restricting or limiting the ability to purchase such stocks on margin. Additionally, a reverse stock split could help increase analyst and broker interest in our Common Stock as their internal policies might discourage them from following or recommending companies with low stock prices. |
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Stock Price Volatility: Because of the trading volatility often associated with low-priced stocks, many brokerage houses and institutional investors have internal policies and practices that either prohibit them from investing in low-priced stocks or tend to discourage individual brokers from recommending low-priced stocks to their customers. Some of those policies and practices may make the processing of trades in low-priced stocks economically unattractive to brokers. |
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Transaction Costs: Investors may be dissuaded from purchasing stocks below certain prices because brokers’ commissions, as a percentage of the total transaction value, can be higher for low-priced stocks. |
To facilitate the consummation of the Transactions. The consummation of the Transactions contemplated by the Purchase agreement is subject to, among other things, our stockholders’ approval of the Reverse Split Proposal. If we failed to obtain stockholders’ approval of the Reverse Split Proposal, we may terminate the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we may proceed to consummate the Transactions if the Share Issuance Proposal, the Amended Certificate Proposal and the Board Election Proposal are otherwise approved by our stockholders, and Immersion indicates in writing that Immersion is willing to proceed to complete the
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such additional authorized but unissued shares to be issued to holders who might side with the Board in opposing a takeover bid that the Board determines is not in the best interests of our Company or our stockholders. The Reverse Stock Split could therefore have the effect of discouraging unsolicited takeover attempts. By potentially discouraging initiation of any such unsolicited takeover attempts, the Reverse Stock Split could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to dispose of their shares at the higher price generally available in takeover attempts or may be available under a merger proposal. The Reverse Stock Split could have the effect of permitting our current management, including our current Board, to retain its position, and place it in a better position to resist changes that stockholders may wish to make if they are dissatisfied with the conduct of our business. However, other than as previously disclosed, the Board did not authorize the Reverse Stock Split with the intent that it be utilized as a type of anti-takeover device.
Effective Date
The proposed Reverse Stock Split would become effective at 5:01 p.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on the date of filing of a Certificate of Amendment with the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, or such later date as is chosen by the Board and set forth in the Certificate of Amendment (the “Effective Date”). Effective as of 5:01 p.m., Eastern Daylight Time, on the Effective Date, shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior thereto will be combined, automatically and without any action on the part of us or our stockholders, into a lesser number of new shares of our Common Stock in accordance with the Reverse Stock Split ratio of 1-for-100.
No Fractional Shares
No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. We will not issue fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, in the event that a holder of pre-Reverse Stock Split shares of Common Stock would have been entitled to receive fractional shares of Common Stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the Company will issue an additional share in lieu thereof to such holder.
Number of Stockholders of Record
As of , 2024, there were stockholders of record of our Common Stock. The Reverse Stock Split will not have the effect of reducing the number of stockholders of record. In addition, we do not intend for this transaction to be the first step in a series of plans or proposals of a “going private transaction” within the meaning of Rule 13e-3 of the Exchange Act.
Procedure for Effecting a Reverse Stock Split and Exchange of Stock Certificates
If this Proposal 3 is approved by our stockholders and the Board elects to implement the Reverse Stock Split, we will file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, in the form attached hereto as Appendix B, reflecting the Reverse Stock Split ratio of 1-for-100. Beginning on the Effective Date, each certificate representing shares of Common Stock will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of the number of whole shares into which the shares previously represented by the certificate were combined pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split.
If this Proposal 3 is approved by our stockholders and the Board elects to implement the Reverse Stock Split, stockholders of record holding all of their shares of our Common Stock electronically in book-entry form under the direct registration system for securities will be automatically exchanged by the exchange agent and will receive a transaction statement at their address of record indicating the number of new post-split shares of our Common Stock they hold after the Reverse Stock Split. Non-registered stockholders holding Common Stock through a bank, broker or other nominee should note that such banks, brokers or other nominees may have different procedures for processing the Reverse Stock Split than those that would be put in place by us for registered stockholders. Stockholders who hold shares of Common Stock with a bank, broker or other nominee and have questions in this regard are encouraged to contact their nominee.
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If this Proposal 3 is approved by our stockholders and the Board elects to implement the Reverse Stock Split, stockholders of record holding some or all of their shares in certificate form will receive a letter of transmittal from the Company or its exchange agent, as soon as practicable after the Effective Date of the Reverse Stock Split. Our transfer agent is expected to act as “exchange agent” for the purpose of implementing the exchange of stock certificates. Holders of pre-Reverse Stock Split shares will be asked to surrender to the exchange agent certificates representing pre-Reverse Stock Split shares in exchange for post-Reverse Stock Split shares in accordance with the procedures to be set forth in the letter of transmittal. No new post-Reverse Stock Split share certificates will be issued to a stockholder until such stockholder has surrendered such stockholder’s outstanding certificate(s) together with the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal to the exchange agent. Any old shares submitted for exchange, whether pursuant to a sale, other disposition or otherwise, will automatically be exchanged for new shares. Our Common Stock will also receive a new CUSIP number.
STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD NOT DESTROY ANY PRE-SPLIT STOCK CERTIFICATE AND SHOULD NOT SUBMIT ANY CERTIFICATES UNTIL THEY ARE REQUESTED TO DO SO.
Accounting Consequences
The par value per share of our Common Stock would remain unchanged at $0.01 per share after effecting the Reverse Stock Split. As a result, on the Effective Date, the stated capital on our balance sheet attributable to the Common Stock would be reduced proportionally, based on the Reverse Stock Split ratio of 1-for-100, from its present amount, and the additional paid-in capital account would be credited with the amount by which the stated capital would be reduced. The net income or loss per share of Common Stock would be increased because there would be fewer shares of Common Stock outstanding. The Reverse Stock Split would be reflected retroactively in certain of our consolidated financial statements.
No Appraisal Rights
Our stockholders are not entitled to dissenters’ or appraisal rights under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware with respect to the proposed amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to allow for the Reverse Stock Split.
Certain United States Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a summary of certain United States federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split. It does not address any state, local or foreign income or other tax consequences, which, depending upon the jurisdiction and the status of the stockholder/taxpayer, may vary from the United States federal income tax consequences. It applies to you only if you held pre-Reverse Stock Split shares of Common Stock as capital assets for United States federal income tax purposes. This discussion does not apply to you if you are a member of a class of our stockholders subject to special rules, such as (a) a dealer in securities or currencies, (b) a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings, (c) a bank, (d) a life insurance company, (e) a tax-exempt organization, (f) a person that owns shares of Common Stock that are a hedge, or that are hedged, against interest rate risks, (g) a person who owns shares of Common Stock as part of a straddle or conversion transaction for tax purposes, or (h) a person whose functional currency for tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar. The discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), its legislative history, existing, temporary and proposed regulations under the Internal Revenue Code, published rulings and court decisions, all as of the date hereof. These laws, regulations and other guidance are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. We have not sought and will not seek an opinion of counsel or a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service regarding the United States federal income tax consequences of the Reverse Stock Split.
PLEASE CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR CONCERNING THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT IN YOUR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE LAWS OF ANY OTHER TAXING JURISDICTION.
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PROPOSAL 4: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have agreed to take all necessary action, including causing certain incumbent directors of the Company to resign, so that effective at the Closing, the entire Board of Directors will consist of seven members, with such members of the Board to consist of Emily S. Hoffman, Sean Madnani, William C. Martin, Elias Nader, Eric Singer, Kathryn (“Kate”) Eberle Walker and Denise Warren.
We are seeking our stockholders’ approval of the election of the directors listed below, designated pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, who will take office immediately following the Closing. If our stockholders approve the election of such directors, the directors will serve until our next annual meeting of stockholders and until such directors’ successors have been elected and qualified.
Emily S. Hoffman
Emily S. Hoffman has served as a member of the board of directors of Immersion since 2023. Ms. Hoffman currently serves as Chief Marketing Officer of SmartPak, a division of Covetrus, a role she has held since January 2024. Prior to this, she held U.S. and Global marketing roles at Nestle Health Science from 2017 through 2024. Prior to 2017, Ms. Hoffman held various positions at several multinational companies, including BlackRock, Johnson & Johnson and General Mills. Ms. Hoffman has a track record of driving financial, operational and strategic results across complex B2C and B2B portfolios in highly regulated industries in the U.S. and internationally. Ms. Hoffman has a B.S. in Engineering from Cornell University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Ms. Hoffman brings to the Board years of experience delivering financial (P&L), operational, and strategic results across a diverse set of industries including Healthcare, Health & Wellness, Vitamins & Supplements, Food, Consumer, OTC, eCommerce and Financial Services. Ms. Hoffman brings significant management experience leading and expanding businesses both in the U.S. and internationally.
Sean Madnani
Sean Madnani, age 45, has served as Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Twist Capital LLC (“Twist Capital”), an investment company, since September 2019. Prior to founding Twist Capital, Mr. Madnani served as a Senior Advisor at Guggenheim Securities LLC, a registered broker-dealer and subsidiary of Guggenheim Partners LLC, from September 2019 to March 2020, and a Senior Managing Director, from 2015 to August 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Madnani served in a number of senior roles at Blackstone Inc. (NYSE: BX), an alternative investment management company, from 2005 to 2015, including most recently as Senior Managing Director, Partner, and Head of Technology M&A for the Western United States and Asia-Pacific. Earlier in his career, Mr. Madnani served as an investment banker at Lazard Ltd (NYSE: LAZ), a global financial advisory and asset management firm, from 2000 to 2005. Mr. Madnani started his career as a software developer within the cooperative education program at International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE: IBM). Mr. Madnani previously served as an Observer on the boards of directors of Blackboxstocks, Inc. (NASDAQ: BLBX), a SaaS financial analytics company, from May 2022 to June 2022 and On the Fly Inc. (d/b/a Wingtip), an e-commerce retailer for men’s clothing and apparel, from November 2014 to June 2022. Presently, Mr. Madnani serves on the board of trustees for the Hollywood Schoolhouse, and the campaign steering committee for Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego. Mr. Madnani holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, with a minor in Business Administration from the University of California at Berkeley.
William C. Martin
William C. Martin joined Immersion’s board of directors in August 2019 and has served as its Chief Strategy Officer since December 2021. Mr. Martin has extensive experience as a board member, investor, and entrepreneur. He previously ran a private investment fund for Raging Capital Management from 2006 to 2020
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that is currently being wound down. As an entrepreneur, he co-founded a number of financial information companies, including Raging Bull in 1997 and InsiderScore in 2004. Mr. Martin has served on numerous public company boards, including nine years on the board of Bankrate, Inc., a consumer finance company, which was acquired in 2009; the board of Salary.com, Inc., a compensation data and software company, which was acquired in 2010; and the board of Vitesse Semiconductor Corp., a semiconductor company, which was acquired in 2015. Mr. Martin also manages his personal family office, Raging Capital Ventures.
Mr. Martin’s extensive experience and successful track record as an investor, entrepreneur and public company director enables him to provide the Board and management with valuable perspectives on our operations, capital allocation strategies and other corporate strategies to maximize stockholder value. Mr. Martin also has a long track record of investing in publicly traded companies and actively engaging in certain investments. As a result, Mr. Martin brings the perspective of a stockholder to the Board that is critical in creating and implementing strategies that increase stockholder value.
Elias Nader
Elias Nader has served as a member of the board of directors of Immersion Corporation (“Immersion”) since 2022. Mr. Nader has served as the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Finance of QuickLogic Corporation (Nasdaq: QUIK), a publicly traded fabless semiconductor company, since February 1, 2023. Prior to that, Mr. Nader served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Pixelworks, Inc. (Nasdaq: PXLW), a publicly traded video processing semiconductor company, from September 2019 to January 2023. Prior to that, Mr. Nader served as the Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of Sigma Designs, Inc., a publicly traded semiconductor company that designed solutions for home connectivity, IPTV, HDTV and media processors, from January 2018 to September 2019, and as Sigma’s Chief Financial Officer from April 2014 to January 2023. Mr. Nader has Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting, Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics and an MBA in International Business from San Jose State University.
Mr. Nader’s extensive financial and management experience with publicly traded companies, which enables him to contribute significantly to the Board in the area of finance and accounting.
Eric Singer
Eric Singer has served as a member of the board of directors of Immersion since March 2020, as Immersion’s Executive Chairman from August 2020 to January 2023, and as Immersion’s Chairman of the board of directors since January 2023. Since December 2023, Mr. Singer has served as a director of Universal Electronics, a global leader in wireless universal control solutions for home entertainment and smart home devices. Since July 2019, Mr. Singer has served as a director of A10 Networks, Inc. (NYSE: ATEN), an application controller and firewall cloud security company, and has served as its lead independent director since September 2021. Mr. Singer was a founder and Managing Member of VIEX Capital Advisors, a securities investment firm. In addition to a long track record as a successful investor in technology companies, Mr. Singer has substantial experience serving on public boards and in assisting them in creating and expanding shareholder value. Mr. Singer previously served on the boards of directors of Quantum Corporation, a video data storage and management company, Numerex Corp., a provider of managed machine-to-machine enterprise solutions enabling the Internet of Things, RhythmOne plc and YuMe, Inc., each a provider of brand video advertising software and audience data, Support.com, Inc., a provider of tech support and support center services, Meru Networks, Inc., a Wi-Fi network solutions company, PLX Technology, Inc., a PCI Express and ethernet semiconductor company, and Sigma Designs, Inc., an integrated circuit provider for the home entertainment market, among other companies. Mr. Singer has a B.A. from Brandeis University.
Mr. Singer has specific attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of the Board, including his extensive financial and operating experience and knowledge of the technology industry gained through his service on numerous public company boards. Mr. Singer also has a long track record of investing in publicly traded companies and actively engaging with certain investments. As a result, Mr. Singer brings the perspective of a stockholder to the Board that is critical in creating and implementing strategies that increase stockholder value.
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Kathryn (“Kate”) Eberle Walker
Ms. Walker was appointed as a director in July 2022 and thereafter was elected as a director at the 2022 and 2023 annual meetings of stockholders. Since 2019, Ms. Walker has been the Chief Executive Officer and Board Chair of Presence Learning Inc., a provider of special education teletherapy solutions. From 2015 to 2017, she served as Chief Executive Officer of The Princeton Review and Tutor.com, and its Chief Financial Officer and Chief Strategy Officer from 2014 to 2015. Ms. Eberle Walker has managed strategy and investments for Kaplan, Inc. Ms. Walker began her career in investment banking at Goldman Sachs. She currently serves as a Director of Babbel, Testing Mom and Prospect Schools, and as a Trustee of the International School of Brooklyn. Ms. Walker previously served on the Board of Directors of Rosetta Stone from 2019 until the company’s acquisition by Cambium Learning Group Inc. in 2020.
Ms. Walker has over 20 years of experience leading education organizations and brings extensive board service on companies in the education industry. Ms. Walker’s experience also allows her to bring to the Board of Directors skills in diversity, equity and inclusion, management strategy, transactions, finance, leadership, change management and education technology.
Denise Warren
Ms. Warren was appointed as a director in July 2022 and thereafter was elected as a director at the 2022 and 2023 annual meetings of stockholders. Since 2016, she has also served as the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Netlyst, LLC, a consulting and advisory firm that focuses on digital business growth and scaling consumer and enterprise recurring revenue streams. Prior to founding Netlyst, Ms. Warren served as the President of Digital and Chief Executive Officer of East Coast Publishing for Tribune Publishing from 2015 to 2016. For more than 25 years, she served in numerous capacities at The New York Times Company including as Executive Vice President of Digital Products and Services; General Manager, nytimes.com; Chief Advertising Officer; Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning; and Director of Marketing. Ms. Warren currently serves as an independent Director and member of the audit committee of Taylor Morrison Home Corporation (NYSE: TMHC), and as an independent director on the board of directors of Naviga, a Vista Equity partners backed software technology company, and accelerate360, a privately backed omni-commerce sales, distribution, logistics, marketing and media company. She previously served as a Director and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc., a publicly traded provider of design assets, technology and expertise, and as a Director and member of the audit committee of Electronic Arts Inc. (NASDAQ: EA), a publicly traded digital interactive entertainment company.
Ms. Warren’s long experience in operating profitable recurring revenue businesses and driving transformative change in digital operations, consumer marketing, sales and product development at the strategic, operational and financial levels of digital marketing, business operations and corporate governance make her well qualified to serve on the Board of Directors.
The Board knows of no reason why any of the nominees will be unavailable or decline to serve as a director. There are no family relationships among any of the Company’s directors and executive officers.
If the Board Election Proposal is not approved by our stockholders, we would terminate the Purchase Agreement and abandon the Transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and we would be obligated to pay Immersion, Vital and Outerbridge their respective expense reimbursement amounts that have not previously been paid.
Required Vote
The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Special Meeting is required to approve the Board Election Proposal. Abstentions, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of Proposal 4.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR”
THE APPROVAL OF THE ELECTION OF THE SEVEN DIRECTORS AS SET FORTH IN PROPOSAL 4.
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Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Ms. Walker has over 20 years of experience leading education organizations and brings extensive board service on companies in the education industry. Ms. Walker’s experience also allows her to bring to the Board of Directors skills in diversity, equity and inclusion, management strategy, transactions, finance, leadership, change management and education technology.
David G. Golden was elected as a director in August 2015. Mr. Golden served as a director of Barnes & Noble, Inc. (“Barnes & Noble”) from October 2010 until the Company’s separation from Barnes & Noble in August 2015 (the “Spin Off”). Mr. Golden has been a Managing Partner at Revolution Ventures, an early-stage venture affiliate of Revolution LLC, since January 2013. From March 2006 until December 2011, Mr. Golden was a Partner, Executive Vice President and Strategic Advisor at Revolution LLC, a private investment company. Mr. Golden also served as Executive Chairman of Code Advisors, a private merchant bank focused on the intersections of technology and media from its founding in 2010 through 2012. Previously, Mr. Golden served in various senior positions over an 18-year period, including as Vice Chairman and Global Director of the Technology, Media and Telecom investment banking group, at JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan”), a financial services firm, and a predecessor company, Hambrecht & Quist, Inc. (“Hambrecht & Quist”). Prior to that, Mr. Golden worked as a corporate attorney at Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP. Mr. Golden has previously served as a member of the Board of Directors of Blackbaud and Everyday Health, where he also served on their respective Audit Committees. Mr. Golden also is a member of the Advisory Board for Partners for Growth LLC, a venture lending firm, and he is a director of several private companies.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Mr. Golden has over 20 years of technology and finance experience as an investment banker specializing in the technology sector at JPMorgan, Hambrecht & Quist, and more recently as a managing partner and executive of Revolution Ventures and Executive Chairman of Code Advisors LLC. Mr. Golden’s technology experience also includes his service as a director and Advisory Board of Directors member of several technology companies including Blackbaud, a global provider of software services specifically designed for nonprofit organizations. Mr. Golden’s finance experience at Hambrecht & Quist and JPMorgan included significant work with mergers, capital markets and principal investing, and he has participated as lead merger advisor, equity underwriter or investor on over 150 transactions. Given this experience, Mr. Golden brings to the Board of Directors substantial knowledge of the technology sector and meaningful insight into the financial, strategic and capital-related issues technology companies face.
Michael P. Huseby has served as Chief Executive Officer since September 2017, acting Chief Financial Officer (“Acting Chief Financial Officer”) from April 28, 2023 to September 6, 2023, and as a member of the Board of Directors since August 2015. Mr. Huseby served as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company from August 2015 to June 2022. Prior to joining the Company, he was a member of the board of directors of Barnes & Noble, Inc. from January 2014 and served as the Chief Executive Officer of Barnes & Noble until August 2, 2015. Mr. Huseby was appointed Chief Executive Officer of NOOK Media LLC and President of Barnes & Noble in July 2013, and Chief Financial Officer of Barnes & Noble in March 2012. From 2004 to 2011, Mr. Huseby served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Cablevision Systems Corporation, a leading telecommunications and media company, which was acquired by the Altice Group in June 2016. He served on the Cablevision Systems Corporation board of directors in 2000 and 2001. Prior to joining Cablevision in 2004, Mr. Huseby served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Charter Communications, Inc., a large cable operator in the United States. Mr. Huseby served on the board of directors of Charter Communications from May 2013 through May 2016. From 1999 to 2002, Mr. Huseby served as Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration, of AT&T Broadband, a provider of cable television services. In addition, Mr. Huseby spent over 20 years at Arthur Andersen, LLP and Andersen Worldwide, S.C., where he held the position of Global Equity Partner serving a myriad of clients, including a number of large publicly-traded companies. Mr. Huseby also served on the board of directors of CommerceHub, Inc., a cloud-based e-commerce fulfillment and marketing software platform company previously listed on Nasdaq, from July 2016 until May 2018 with his tenure ending upon the consummation of the sale of CommerceHub to financial sponsors. While on the board of CommerceHub, Mr. Huseby served as chair of the Audit Committee and as a member of the Compensation Committee.
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Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Mr. Huseby has more than 30 years of financial and executive experience, having served as a senior executive at Barnes & Noble, Cablevision Systems Corporation and AT&T Broadband. Mr. Huseby’s experience also includes his service as a director and audit committee member of Charter Communications and CommerceHub, Inc., and as a member of Cablevision Systems Corporation’s board of directors. During his 23-year career as a partner of Arthur Andersen, LLP, and Andersen Worldwide S.C., Mr. Huseby provided various services to public companies and their boards of directors. This experience allows Mr. Huseby to bring to the Board of Directors substantial knowledge and a wide range and depth of insights in technology, retail, financial, business and matters unique to publicly-traded companies.
Steven G. Panagos was appointed as a director in August 2023 pursuant to the Eighth Amendment (the “ABL Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 3, 2015 (as amended prior to the ABL Amendment, the “ABL Credit Agreement”), among the Company, as the lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent for the lenders. Mr. Panagos has served as an independent director of various companies since June 2018 providing advice, guidance and governance regarding corporate transformation and turnaround management. Mr. Panagos has served as a director on numerous public and private boards of directors. Mr. Panagos currently serves as an independent director on the board of directors of several companies, including iMedia Brands, Inc., Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and American Consolidated Natural Resources, Inc. In the past five years, Mr. Panagos has also served on the boards of Spirit Master Trust A, Tops Markets, Inc., PhyMed Healthcare Group, Top Golf, Inc. and Pier 1 Imports, Inc. From April 2009 to June 2019, he served as Managing Director and Vice Chairman of the Recapitalization & Restructuring Group at the investment bank Moelis & Company, where he led restructurings and reorganizations for companies and their creditors across a broad spectrum of industries. From March 1988 to March 2008, Mr. Panagos was the National Practice Leader of Kroll Zolfo Cooper’s Corporate Advisory & Restructuring Practice, where he provided restructuring advice to numerous companies and creditors.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Mr. Panagos was selected to serve as a director based on his extensive experience with restructurings and corporate transformation and his other qualifications and skills.
John R. Ryan was elected to the Board of Directors in July 2015 and served as Chairman of the Board from June 23, 2022 to October 5, 2023. Prior to his appointment to Chairman of the Board, Mr. Ryan served as the Lead Independent Director. Vice Admiral Ryan served as director of Barnes & Noble from July 2014 until the Spin-Off. Vice Admiral Ryan joined the Center for Creative Leadership’s Board of Governors in 2002 and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer from 2007 until 2022. From 2005 to 2007, he served as Chancellor of the State University of New York. Previously, Vice Admiral Ryan served as President of the State University of New York Maritime College from 2002 to 2005, Interim President of the State University of New York at Albany from 2004 to 2005 and Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland from 1998 to 2002. Vice Admiral Ryan served in the United States Navy from 1967 until his retirement in 2002, including as Commander of the Fleet Air Mediterranean from 1995 to 1998, Commander of the Patrol Wings for the United States Pacific Fleet from 1993 to 1995 and Director of Logistics for the US Pacific Command from 1991 to 1993. Vice Admiral Ryan also served as the lead director of CIT Group, Inc. from 2008 until their merger with First Citizens Bank in 2022. He then served as a director of First Citizens Bank from January 2022 to April 2023, which included the significant acquisition of Silicon Valley Bank. Vice Admiral Ryan also currently serves as a Commissioner of the Council on Higher Education as a Strategic Asset.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Vice Admiral Ryan has a total of more than 35 years in military service, more than 10 years as a leader at major universities, and over two decades of executive and Board of Directors-level experience, including his service as lead director of CIT Group. Vice Admiral Ryan has substantial experience serving on public company Board of Directors undergoing multiple strategic transactions, such as mergers and separations, including serving as a director of Cablevision during its 2010 spinoff of Madison Square Garden, L.P., its 2011 spinoff of AMC Networks, Inc., and its 2013 sales of Clearview Cinemas and Optimum West to Bow Tie Cinemas and Charter Communications, respectively. Vice Admiral Ryan has also
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gained experience through the acquisition of Cablevision Systems Corporation by the Altice Group in June 2016 and was one of two independent directors on the Special Committee of the Board of Directors involved in the acquisition of MBS Textbook Exchange, LLC. He also participated in First Citizens Bank’s acquisition of Silicon Valley Bank in March 2023. This experience allows Vice Admiral Ryan to bring to the Board of Directors leadership and expertise in managing large complex organizations, and in particular the environment in which the Company operates.
Rory Wallace was appointed as a director in July 2022, pursuant to a Cooperation Agreement between the Company and Outerbridge Capital Management, LLC and certain of its affiliates, dated June 25, 2022, and thereafter was elected as a director at the 2022 and 2023 annual meetings of stockholders. Mr. Wallace serves as the Founder and Managing Member of Outerbridge Capital Management, LLC, an investment advisor to private investment funds, for which Mr. Wallace has served as the Chief Investment Officer since December 2014. In his role at Outerbridge, Mr. Wallace conducts significant due diligence on public companies in the technology, media, retail, and education sectors, engaging constructively with both management teams and boards where appropriate. From January 2013 to December 2014, Mr. Wallace was the Founder and Chief Investment Officer of DHC Asset Management, LLC, an investment adviser that focused its investments in technology, media, and retail. Earlier in his career, Mr. Wallace served in various positions at Straus Asset Management LLC, an investment management firm, including as an analyst and then as a Portfolio Manager.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Mr. Wallace contributes extensive knowledge of finance and small-cap companies, particularly in the technology, media, retail, and education sectors, a detailed knowledge of the Company and its industry as its largest stockholder, a deep history advising public companies on managing the capital markets including from an investor relations perspective, as well as extensive experience with financial forecasting and accounting, strategic transformations, and turnarounds.
Raphael T. Wallander was appointed as a director in August 2023 pursuant to the ABL Amendment. Since April 2018, Mr. Wallander has served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Maxwell Bay Advisors, LLC, a platform created for independent director services, restructuring and consulting. Through Maxwell Bay Advisors, Mr. Wallander has served on the boards of over ten private companies and provided consulting services. Since 2007, Mr. Wallander has held various roles with Wayzata Investment Partners, LLC, including Corporate Counsel, Principal, and General Counsel. Wayzata is an SEC-registered investment adviser focused on distressed debt, special situations, and underperforming assets. Prior to joining Wayzata, Mr. Wallander worked as an attorney in private practice, with a focus on bankruptcy, restructuring and litigation.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Mr. Wallander was selected to serve as a director based on his extensive experience with restructurings and corporate transformation and his other qualifications and skills.
Denise Warren was appointed as a director in July 2022 and thereafter was elected as a director at the 2022 and 2023 annual meetings of stockholders. Since 2016, she has also served as the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Netlyst, LLC, a consulting and advisory firm that focuses on digital business growth and scaling consumer and enterprise recurring revenue streams. Prior to founding Netlyst, Ms. Warren served as the President of Digital and Chief Executive Officer of East Coast Publishing for Tribune Publishing from 2015 to 2016. For more than 25 years, she served in numerous capacities at The New York Times Company including as Executive Vice President of Digital Products and Services; General Manager, nytimes.com; Chief Advertising Officer; Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning; and Director of Marketing. Ms. Warren currently serves as an independent Director and member of the audit committee of Taylor Morrison Home Corporation (NYSE: TMHC), and as an independent director on the board of directors of Naviga, a Vista Equity partners backed software technology company, and accelerate360, a privately backed omni-commerce sales, distribution, logistics, marketing and media company. She previously served as a Director and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc., a publicly traded provider of design assets, technology and expertise, and as a Director and member of the audit committee of Electronic Arts Inc. (NASDAQ: EA), a publicly traded digital interactive entertainment company.
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Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills. Ms. Warren’s long experience in operating profitable recurring revenue businesses and driving transformative change in digital operations, consumer marketing, sales and product development at the strategic, operational and financial levels of digital marketing, business operations and corporate governance make her well qualified to serve on the Board of Directors.
Director Nominees
Elias Nader has served as a member of the board of directors of Immersion Corporation since 2022. Mr. Nader has served as the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Finance of QuickLogic Corporation (Nasdaq: QUIK), a publicly traded fabless semiconductor company, since February 1, 2023. Prior to that, Mr. Nader served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Pixelworks, Inc. (Nasdaq: PXLW), a publicly traded video processing semiconductor company, from September 2019 to January 2023. Prior to that, Mr. Nader served as the Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of Sigma Designs, Inc., a publicly traded semiconductor company that designed solutions for home connectivity, IPTV, HDTV and media processors, from January 2018 to September 2019, and as Sigma’s Chief Financial Officer from April 2014 to January 2023. Mr. Nader has Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting, Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics and an MBA in International Business from San Jose State University.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills: Mr. Nader brings to the Board extensive financial and management experience with publicly traded companies, which enables him to contribute significantly to the Board in the area of finance and accounting.
Emily S. Hoffman has served as a member of the board of directors of Immersion since 2023. Ms. Hoffman currently serves as Chief Marketing Officer of SmartPak, a division of Covetrus, a role she has held since January 2024. Prior to this, she held U.S. and Global marketing roles at Nestle Health Science from 2017 through 2024. Prior to 2017, Ms. Hoffman held various positions at several multinational companies, including BlackRock, Johnson & Johnson and General Mills. Ms. Hoffman has a track record of driving financial, operational and strategic results across complex B2C and B2B portfolios in highly regulated industries in the U.S. and internationally. Ms. Hoffman has a B.S. in Engineering from Cornell University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills: Ms. Hoffman brings to the Board years of experience delivering financial (P&L), operational, and strategic results across a diverse set of industries including Healthcare, Health & Wellness, Vitamins & Supplements, Food, Consumer, OTC, eCommerce and Financial Services. Ms. Hoffman brings significant management experience leading and expanding businesses both in the U.S. and internationally.
Eric Singer has served as a member of the board of directors of Immersion Corporation since March 2020, as Immersion Corporation’s Executive Chairman from August 2020 to January 2023, and as Immersion Corporation’s Chairman of the board of directors since January 2023. Since December 2023, Mr. Singer has served as a director of Universal Electronics, a global leader in wireless universal control solutions for home entertainment and smart home devices. Since July 2019, Mr. Singer has served as a director of A10 Networks, Inc. (NYSE: ATEN), an application controller and firewall cloud security company, and has served as its lead independent director since September 2021. Mr. Singer was a founder and Managing Member of VIEX Capital Advisors, a securities investment firm. In addition to a long track record as a successful investor in technology companies, Mr. Singer has substantial experience serving on public boards and in assisting them in creating and expanding shareholder value. Mr. Singer previously served on the boards of directors of Quantum Corporation, a video data storage and management company, Numerex Corp., a provider of managed machine-to-machine enterprise solutions enabling the Internet of Things, RhythmOne plc and YuMe, Inc., each a provider of brand video advertising software and audience data, Support.com, Inc., a provider of tech support and support center services, Meru Networks, Inc., a Wi-Fi network solutions company, PLX Technology, Inc., a PCI Express and ethernet semiconductor company, and Sigma Designs, Inc., an integrated circuit provider for the home entertainment market, among other companies. Mr. Singer has a B.A. from Brandeis University.
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Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills: Mr. Singer has specific attributes that qualify him to serve as a member of the Board, including his extensive financial and operating experience and knowledge of the technology industry gained through his service on numerous public company boards. Mr. Singer also has a long track record of investing in publicly traded companies and actively engaging with certain investments. As a result, Mr. Singer brings the perspective of a stockholder to the Board that is critical in creating and implementing strategies that increase stockholder value.
William C. Martin joined Immersion’s board of directors in August 2019 and has served as its Chief Strategy Officer since December 2021. Mr. Martin has extensive experience as a board member, investor, and entrepreneur. He previously ran a private investment fund for Raging Capital Management from 2006 to 2020 that is currently being wound down. As an entrepreneur, he co-founded a number of financial information companies, including Raging Bull in 1997 and InsiderScore in 2004. Mr. Martin has served on numerous public company boards, including nine years on the board of Bankrate, Inc., a consumer finance company, which was acquired in 2009; the board of Salary.com, Inc., a compensation data and software company, which was acquired in 2010; and the board of Vitesse Semiconductor Corp., a semiconductor company, which was acquired in 2015. Mr. Martin also manages his personal family office, Raging Capital Ventures.
Qualifications, Experience, Attributes and Skills: Mr. Martin’s extensive experience and successful track record as an investor, entrepreneur and public company director enables him to provide the Board and management with valuable perspectives on our operations, capital allocation strategies and other corporate strategies to maximize stockholder value. Mr. Martin also has a long track record of investing in publicly traded companies and actively engaging in certain investments. As a result, Mr. Martin brings the perspective of a stockholder to the Board that is critical in creating and implementing strategies that increase stockholder value.
Sean Madnani, age 45, has served as Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Twist Capital LLC (“Twist Capital”), an investment company, since September 2019. Previously and in connection with his service at Twist Capital, Mr. Madnani served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of directors of Twist Investment Corp. (intended to be listed as NYSE: TWIC.U), an unlisted blank check special purpose acquisition company, from February 2021 until its dissolution in December 2022. Prior to founding Twist Capital, Mr. Madnani served as a Senior Advisor at Guggenheim Securities LLC, a registered broker-dealer and subsidiary of Guggenheim Partners LLC, from September 2019 to March 2020, and a Senior Managing Director, from June 2015 to August 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Madnani served in a number of senior roles at Blackstone Inc. (NYSE: BX), an alternative investment management company, from July 2005 to June 2015, including most recently as Senior Managing Director, Partner, and Head of Technology M&A for the Western United States and Asia-Pacific. Earlier in his career, Mr. Madnani served as an investment banker at Lazard Inc. (NYSE: LAZ), a global financial advisory and asset management firm, from July 2000 to May 2005. Mr. Madnani started his career as a software developer within the cooperative education program at International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE: IBM). Mr. Madnani holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics, with a minor in Business Administration from the University of California at Berkeley.
Mr. Madnani has been a member of the board of trustees for the non-profit organization Hollywood Schoolhouse Inc. since October 2021, and a member of the campaign steering committee for Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego since October 2019.
Mr. Madnani previously served as an observer on the boards of directors of Blackboxstocks, Inc. (NASDAQ: BLBX), a SaaS financial analytics company, from May 2022 to June 2022 and On the Fly Inc. (d/b/a Wingtip), an e-commerce retailer for men’s clothing and apparel, from November 2014 to June 2022. In addition, Mr. Madnani previously served on the boards of directors for the Los Angeles Opera Company from April 2018 through March 2021, and The Wang Center for the Performing Arts Inc. from September 2012 through May 2016.
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reviewing and recommending to our Board of Directors amendments to our committee charters and other corporate governance guidelines; |
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reviewing and making recommendations to our Board of Directors regarding the structure of our various Board of Directors committees; |
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identifying, reviewing and recommending to our Board of Directors individuals for election to the Board of Directors; |
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adopting and reviewing policies regarding the consideration of Board of Directors candidates proposed by stockholders and other criteria for Board of Directors membership; and |
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overseeing our Board of Directors’ annual self-evaluation. |
The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting out the functions of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website at www.bned.com and is available in print to any stockholder who requests it in writing directed to the Company’s Corporate Secretary, Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.
The members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee currently are Denise Warren (Chair), Mario Dell’Aera, Jr. and Kathryn Eberle Walker.
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee consists entirely of independent directors, each of whom meets the independence requirements set forth in the listing standards of the NYSE and our Corporate Governance Guidelines. The members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee then in office met three (3) times during Fiscal 2024.
The Alternative Transactions Committee. The Alternative Transactions Committee was formed on August 11, 2023. The responsibilities of the Alternative Transactions Committee include, among other duties, exploring, considering, soliciting expressions of interest or proposals for, responding to any communications, inquiries or proposals regarding, and advising as to all strategic alternatives to effect a “Specified Liquidity Transaction” (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement).
The members of the Alternative Transactions Committee currently are Steven G. Panagos, Rory D. Wallace and Raphael T. Wallander. On August 15, 2023, Mr. Panagos was elected Chairman of the Alternative Transactions Committee. The members of the Alternative Transactions Committee then in office met forty-six (46) times during Fiscal 2024. Rory D. Wallace has been recused and removed as a member of the Alternative Transactions Committee as of April 15, 2024, considering his participation and interests in the Transactions underlying the Purchase Agreement. Accordingly, Mario Dell’Aera, Jr. was added to the Alternative Transactions Committee.
The Alternative Transactions Committee consists entirely of independent directors (except to the extent disclosed above with respect to Mr. Wallace’s participation and interests in the Transactions pursuant to the Purchase Agreement), each of whom meets the independence requirements set forth in the listing standards of the NYSE and our Corporate Governance Guidelines.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the current members of the Compensation Committee has ever been an employee of the Company, and none of them had a relationship requiring disclosure in this Proxy Statement under Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K. None of the Company’s executive officers serve, or in Fiscal 2024 served, as a member of the Board of Directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors or the Company’s Compensation Committee.
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Director Qualifications and Nominations
Minimum Qualifications
The Company does not set specific criteria for directors except to the extent required to meet applicable legal, regulatory and stock exchange requirements, including, but not limited to, the independence requirements of the NYSE listing standards and the SEC, as applicable. Nominees for director will be selected on the basis of outstanding achievement in their personal careers, board experience, wisdom, integrity, ability to make independent and analytical inquiries, understanding of the business environment, and willingness to devote adequate time to Board of Directors duties. While the selection of qualified directors is a complex and subjective process that requires consideration of many intangible factors, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee believes that each director should have a basic understanding of (a) the principal operational and financial objectives and plans and strategies of the Company, (b) the results of operations and financial condition of the Company and of any significant subsidiaries or businesses, and (c) the relative standing of the Company and its businesses in relation to its competitors.
The Company does not have a specific policy regarding the diversity of the Board of Directors. Instead, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee considers the Board of Directors’ overall composition when considering director candidates, including whether the Board of Directors has an appropriate combination of professional experience, skills, knowledge and variety of viewpoints and backgrounds in light of the Company’s current and expected future needs. In addition, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee also believes that it is desirable for new candidates to contribute to a variety of viewpoints on the Board of Directors, which may be enhanced by a mix of different professional and personal backgrounds and experiences.
Nominating Process
Although the process for identifying and evaluating candidates to fill vacancies and/or reduce or expand the Board of Directors will inevitably require a practical approach in light of the particular circumstances at such time, the Board of Directors has adopted the following process to guide the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in this respect. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is willing to consider candidates submitted by a variety of sources (including incumbent directors, stockholders (as described below), Company management and independent third-party search firms) when reviewing candidates to fill vacancies and/or expand the Board of Directors. If a vacancy arises or the Board of Directors decides to expand its membership, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee may ask each director to submit a list of potential candidates for consideration. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee then evaluates each potential candidate’s educational background, employment history, outside commitments and other relevant factors to determine whether he or she is potentially qualified to serve on the Board of Directors. At that time, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee also will consider potential nominees submitted by stockholders, if any, in accordance with the procedures described below, or by the Company’s management and, if the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee deems it necessary, retain an independent third-party search firm to provide potential candidates. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee seeks to identify and recruit the best available candidates, and it intends to evaluate qualified stockholder nominees on the same basis as those submitted by Board of Directors members, Company management, independent third-party search firms or other sources.
After completing this process, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will determine whether one or more candidates are sufficiently qualified to warrant further investigation. If the process yields one or more desirable candidate(s), the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will rank them by order of preference, depending on their respective qualifications and the Company’s needs. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Chair will then contact the preferred candidate(s) to evaluate their potential interest and to set up interviews with the full Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. All such interviews include only the candidate and one or more Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee members. Based upon interview results and appropriate background checks, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee then decides whether it will recommend the candidate’s nomination to the full Board of Directors.
-52-
When nominating a sitting director for re-election, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will consider the director’s performance on the Board of Directors and its committees and the director’s qualifications in respect of the criteria referred to above.
Consideration of Stockholder-Nominated Directors
In accordance with its charter, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will consider candidates for election to the Board of Directors at a stockholder meeting if submitted by an eligible stockholder in a timely manner. Any eligible stockholder wishing to submit a candidate for consideration for election at a stockholder meeting should send the following information to the Company’s Corporate Secretary, Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.
|
• |
|
stockholder’s name, number of shares owned, length of period held, and proof of ownership; |
|
• |
|
name, age and address of candidate; |
|
• |
|
a detailed resume describing, among other things, the candidate’s educational background, occupation, employment history for at least the previous five years, and material outside commitments (e.g., memberships on other Board of Directors and committees, charitable foundations, etc.); |
|
• |
|
a supporting statement which describes the candidate’s reasons for seeking election to the Board of Directors; |
|
• |
|
a description of any arrangements or understandings between the candidate and the Company and/or the stockholder; and |
|
• |
|
a signed statement from the candidate, confirming his/her willingness to serve on the Board of Directors. |
Eligible stockholders who do not wish to follow the foregoing procedure but who wish instead to nominate directly one or more persons for election to the Board of Directors must comply with the procedures established by our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that in order to nominate a person for election as a director at next year’s annual meeting, a notice of an intention to nominate one or more directors containing certain information required by the bylaws must be delivered to the Corporate Secretary of the Company. To be timely, whether or not a stockholder wishes to have his or her nominees included in the Company’s proxy materials, the Corporate Secretary of the Company must receive nominations for election to the Board of Directors for its 2024 annual meeting of stockholders at Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920 no earlier than June 7, 2024 and no later than July 7, 2024.
Additionally, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will consider stockholder nominated candidates if a vacancy arises or if the Board of Directors decides to expand its membership, and at such other times as the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee deems necessary or appropriate. In any such event, any stockholder wishing to submit a candidate for consideration should send the above-listed information to the Company’s Corporate Secretary, Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee recommends candidates to the full Board of Directors after receiving input from all directors. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee members, other members of the Board of Directors and senior management discuss potential candidates during this search process.
-53-
Certain Board of Directors’ Policies and Practices
Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines applicable to the members of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has also adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to the Company’s employees, directors, agents and representatives, including consultants. The Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are available on the Company’s website at www.bned.com. Copies of the Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics are available in print to any stockholder who requests them in writing to the Company’s Corporate Secretary, Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920.
Board of Directors Leadership Structure
The roles of CEO and Chairman of the Board were combined following Mr. Huseby’s appointment to the position of CEO, effective September 19, 2017, and Mr. Huseby served as Chairman of the Board until June 23, 2022, when the roles of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer were separated and Vice Admiral Ryan, who had served as Lead Independent Director, was appointed Chairman of the Board. Following the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, Mario Dell’Aera, Jr. was appointed Chairman of the Board. Because of the separation of the roles of CEO and Chairman of the board, the Board determined to discontinue the role of Lead Independent Director. We separated the roles of the CEO and the Chairman of the Board in recognition of the differences between the two roles. The CEO is responsible for setting the strategic direction for the Company and the day-to-day leadership and performance of the Company, while the Chairman of the Board provides guidance to the CEO, sets the agenda for Board meetings and presides over meetings of the full Board and executive sessions of non-management and independent directors. This separation of the roles of the Chairman of the Board and the CEO allows for greater oversight of the Company by the Board.
In accordance with the Corporate Governance Guidelines, non-management directors meet in executive sessions at every Board of Directors meeting. Independent directors also meet at least once a year in an executive session of only independent directors. Currently, all of the non-management directors are independent directors.
Risk Oversight
The Board of Directors’ primary function is one of oversight. In connection with its oversight function, the Board of Directors oversees the Company’s policies and procedures for managing risk. The Board of Directors administers its risk oversight function primarily through its Committees. Board of Directors Committees have assumed oversight of various risks that have been identified through the Company’s enterprise risk assessment. The Audit Committee reviews the Company’s risk assessment and risk management policies, and the Audit Committee reports to the Board of Directors on the Company’s enterprise risk assessment. The Compensation Committee oversees compensation risk through its review of compensation practices and assessment of the potential impact of those practices on risk-taking.
Communications between Stockholders and the Board of Directors
Stockholders and other interested persons seeking to communicate with the Board of Directors should submit any communications in writing to the Company’s Corporate Secretary, Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., 120 Mountain View Blvd., Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920. Any such communication must state the number of shares beneficially owned by the stockholder making the communication. The Company’s Corporate Secretary will forward such communication to the full Board of Directors or to any individual director or directors (including the non-management directors as a group) to whom the communication is directed.
-54-
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE
Commitment to Responsible Business
The Company’s commitment to responsible business practices is rooted in our purpose - elevating lives through education. Our purpose defines who we are and why we exist. That is why we focus on working in innovative ways to design and deliver solutions that contribute to a sustainable, more inclusive and prosperous future for all.
We are firmly committed to aligning our operations with our school partners’ policies to help them achieve their Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) goals. Over the past decade, we have implemented numerous company-wide initiatives aimed at increasing our environmental, sustainability and social efforts across our business, including environmental-friendly stores, merchandise, shipping, technology and more.
By engaging with stakeholders - including clients, consumers, students, employees and investors - we do our part to improve today’s environmental and societal challenges to better serve our community while simultaneously delivering on our company’s business goals.
Operating in a responsible and sustainable environment is important to our company. As part of our commitment to being responsible corporate citizens, we make it a priority to understand and manage our social, environmental and economic impact on the world around us.
Caring for Our People
Our business is about serving people. Our success depends on attracting, developing and retaining talented and highly qualified employees. We are continually investing in resources and creating programs to drive diversity, equity and inclusion, to provide fair and competitive pay and benefits to support our employees’ well-being, and to foster personal growth and career development opportunities.
We are always actively recruiting talented people with a passion for education for our retail stores and corporate offices, including our part-time and seasonal roles, and to be a part of our work study/internship program. To find our pool of talent, we network internally and externally via our talent acquisition team, agency partners and current employees whom we mobilize as “talent scouts” and brand ambassadors.
We are committed to diversity in the workplace as we believe our company’s talent should reflect the faculty, students and communities we serve on each of our campuses. As we aim to hire a truly diverse overall workforce, we have formed partnerships with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and are looking to continue developing relationships with veteran agencies and organizations that support individuals with disabilities to assist with the recruitment of these individuals (as we already do at the local level in Columbia, Missouri.)
In order to attract and retain talented employees, we know we must take care of them as they take care of our business. That starts with offering all employees, based on their classification and hours worked, benefits that include:
|
• |
|
Medical and Dental Coverage |
|
• |
|
Short- and Long-Term Disability Plans |
-56-
|
• |
|
401(k) Defined Contribution Plan |
|
• |
|
Employee Assistance Program that includes counseling, convenience services, childcare and eldercare resources, access to legal resources, financial planning, chronic condition support and much more |
|
• |
|
Remote/hybrid positions for non-store employees |
|
• |
|
Tuition Assistance for all corporate employees and full-time store employees in the role of Assistant Store Manager and above |
Investing in Our Employees’ Career Growth
Employee training and development opportunities are critical to our success as we believe they drive our employees’ growth and help to develop leaders within our organization and support the schools and customers we serve. We provide robust, ongoing employee training and career development programs through our Learning & Development system, where employees have access to a library of 75,000 courses for continued professional development and growth. We are currently implementing an integration between the identified development activities and our Learning Management System within our ADP platform to facilitate the identification and completion of training modules intended to help move employees forward in their career development.
Student employees have the opportunity to participate in our Aspiring Leaders Management Development Program, which is geared toward our Campus Store Team Members or Supervisors that show interest in developing their managerial skills as well as learning more about the ins and outs of running one of our unique campus bookstores. Learning and Development has created a comprehensive and interactive program for those interested in joining.
As a major employer of Millennials and Generation Z employees, Barnes & Noble College has become an “employer of choice” among students nationwide and our wholesale operations also offer employment opportunities to students.
All full-time and part-time employees are eligible for annual performance reviews, and this includes development planning.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI)
At BNED, we are committed to ensuring that all employees can feel a sense of belonging, develop professionally and advance in their careers. As an organization built around people, we believe diversity, equity and inclusion enhances all our business goals and the solutions we deliver to our school partners, students, customers and communities.
We have developed a DEI blueprint to help fulfill our company’s mission and purpose to elevate lives through education and build a stronger sense of belonging by actively engaging employees and collaborating closely with the campuses we serve. We understand that to affirm our mission and values, we must commit to a set of DEI best practices that will help us recognize changing demographics and shifting needs of the institutions, students, faculty and communities we serve in order to actively respond and adapt as needed.
Our diversity, equity and inclusion program is managed by Corporate Communications and our Chief Human Resources Officer and overseen by our Board of Directors. The following is an overview of the DEI initiatives we have undertaken:
|
• |
|
Ensuring our commitment to DEI is clear to our employees and the constituents we serve by promoting the DEI statement we developed in Fiscal 2022 |
-57-
To help our customers make environmental-friendly choices in our stores, we offer sustainable products such as reusable water bottles, CFL light bulbs, recycled notebooks, recycled, reusable tote bags, and organic foods and snacks. In addition, approximately 210 of our stores do not use plastic check out bags but instead use our paper check out bags, which are made from 100% recycled fiber, with a minimum of 95% post-consumer content. We also proactively promote reuse and recycling of our bags to consumers.
We ship over $450 million in textbooks and general merchandise purchases annually, which necessitates a large number of shipping cartons. We understand the impact this volume of shipments can have on the environment, so we have addressed the environmental impact of our order receiving and fulfillment in multiple ways. We always try to consolidate orders whether we are sending or receiving the package, we use only cartons that have 35% postconsumer recycled content for every shipment we send, we re-use the boxes, packing materials and pallets many times over, and we work to makes sure all materials including every carton is recycled properly when it can no longer be used.
Lastly, although our business is built on extending the useful life of textbooks, there are times when books can no longer be a part of our system, but we try to ensure that they do not end up in landfills. For unwanted textbooks, we work with Better World Books, an award-winning, for-profit social enterprise and a global e-retailer that collects and sells unwanted used textbooks online matching each purchase with a book donation, Book-for-Book™. For books that have reached the end of their lifetime, we work with a third-party to grind the books down to a pulp that can be beneficially used.
Safeguarding Personal Data
We take the privacy and security of personal information very seriously. Our day-to-day operations are managed by our Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and Chief Privacy Officer (CPO). The CISO reports to the SVP, Chief Information Officer (CIO); the CPO reports directly to the EVP, Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary (CLO). In addition to direct CLO and CIO interaction with the Board of Directors (BOD), our Senior Manager - Risk Management & Treasury solicits information from the CPO and others to provide compliance updates to the Audit Committee of the BOD.
As set in our Code of Business Conduct & Ethics, we expect all employees to adhere to the laws, regulations, and company policies applicable to the personal or business information that they may process in the course of their employment. Our information security policies and procedures include only using or disclosing personal or business information as needed to fulfill the specific purpose(s) for which such information was collected, not collecting more personal or business information than is necessary and taking care to safeguard the information. All employees must attest to complying with the Code annually. All employees, including part-time employees, who have access to our systems are trained on our procedures upon hire and have a refresher once a year. Some employees are required to take Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) compliance training.
We perform network penetration testing at least annually and application penetration testing at least quarterly on our corporate systems. In the event of a major system or environment change we would do additional testing. We also perform vulnerability scans monthly. All penetration testing and monthly vulnerability scans are done by a third party.
Operating Ethically
Ethical behavior is a core tenet of our Company’s values. We believe that how we operate as a company creates value for all our stakeholders - customers, clients, students, employees, investors and others - and will ultimately contribute to the Company’s long-term business growth and a better world.
We operate a robust ethics and compliance program, which includes regular employee training. If an employee has concerns, we have many avenues for them to seek guidance and/or report their concerns. They
-59-
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
|
12 Months Ended |
Apr. 27, 2024 |
Apr. 29, 2023 |
Apr. 30, 2022 |
May 01, 2021 |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table |
As required by Section 953(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between executive compensation actually paid and certain financial performance of the Company.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,787,099 |
|
|
|
|
895,431 |
|
|
|
|
985,254 |
|
|
|
|
838,305 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,890,783 |
|
|
|
|
(134,970 |
) |
|
|
|
1,045,680 |
|
|
|
|
478,125 |
|
|
|
|
194.16 |
|
|
|
|
106.29 |
|
|
|
|
(101,862 |
) |
|
|
|
(7,492 |
) |
|
|
|
|
4,666,106 |
|
|
|
|
(2,214,193 |
) |
|
|
|
1,788,493 |
|
|
|
|
(50,246 |
) |
|
|
|
361.93 |
|
|
|
|
120.41 |
|
|
|
|
(68,857 |
) |
|
|
|
(4,792 |
) |
|
|
|
|
4,234,170 |
|
|
|
|
15,069,827 |
|
|
|
|
1,615,082 |
|
|
|
|
3,375,257 |
|
|
|
|
225.17 |
|
|
|
|
97.55 |
|
|
|
|
(139,810 |
) |
|
|
|
(65,625 |
) |
(1) |
Mr. Huseby was the CEO each of Fiscal 2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021. |
(2) |
SEC rules require certain adjustments be made to the Summary Compensation Table totals to determine Compensation Actually Paid as reported in the Pay versus Performance Table. Compensation Actually Paid does not necessarily represent cash and/or equity value transferred to the applicable NEO without restriction, but rather is a value calculated under applicable SEC rules. In general, Compensation Actually Paid is calculated as Summary Compensation Table total compensation adjusted to include the fair market value of equity awards as of the end of the applicable fiscal year or, if earlier, the vesting date (rather than the grant date). NEOs do not participate in a defined benefit plan so no adjustment for pension benefits is included in the table below. Similarly, no adjustment is made for dividends as dividends are factored into the fair value of the award. |
(3) |
The non-CEO named executive officers include the following individuals in each year: | 2024: Messrs. Watson, Miller, Shar and Henderson and Ms. Paul 2023: Messrs. Donohue, Miller, Nenke, Shar and Henderson 2022: Messrs. Donohue, Miller, Nenke and Shar 2021: Messrs. Donohue, Miller, Henderson, Shar and Malhotra
(4) |
Total Stockholder Return is determined based on the value of an initial fixed investment of $100 at May 2, 2020. |
(5) |
This amount represents the Total Stockholder Return for the peer group referenced above. |
(6) |
For Fiscal 2024, due to our financial condition and the depreciated equity value of our Common Stock, the Company did not use any financial performance measures to link compensation actually paid to our NEOs to Company performance, so there is no Company-selected measure disclosed for purposes of the table for Fiscal 2024 nor are there any financial performance measures disclosed as being the most important financial measures used by the Company to link compensation actually paid for Fiscal 2024. In Fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company used Adjusted EBITDA as the Company-selected measure for purposes of the table. |
|
|
|
|
Company Selected Measure Name |
Adjusted EBITDA
|
|
|
|
Named Executive Officers, Footnote |
(3) |
The non-CEO named executive officers include the following individuals in each year: | 2024: Messrs. Watson, Miller, Shar and Henderson and Ms. Paul 2023: Messrs. Donohue, Miller, Nenke, Shar and Henderson 2022: Messrs. Donohue, Miller, Nenke and Shar 2021: Messrs. Donohue, Miller, Henderson, Shar and Malhotra
|
|
|
|
Peer Group Issuers, Footnote |
This amount represents the Total Stockholder Return for the peer group referenced above.
|
|
|
|
PEO Total Compensation Amount |
$ 1,787,099
|
$ 1,890,783
|
$ 4,666,106
|
$ 4,234,170
|
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount |
$ 895,431
|
(134,970)
|
(2,214,193)
|
15,069,827
|
Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote |
The following table outlines the adjustments made to the compensation earned by our CEO and non-CEO NEOs, as presented in the Summary Compensation Table, to derive the Compensation Actually Paid to our CEO and non-CEO NEOs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item and Value Added (Deducted) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary Compensation Table Total |
|
$ |
1,787,099 |
|
|
$ |
1,890,783 |
|
|
$ |
4,666,106 |
|
|
$ |
4,234,170 |
|
- Summary Compensation Table “Option Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(390,970 |
) |
|
|
(1,877,394 |
) |
|
|
(1,625,673 |
) |
- Summary Compensation Table “Stock Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(360,556 |
) |
|
|
(1,650,002 |
) |
|
|
(1,260,976 |
) |
+ year-end fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in the fiscal year |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
468,285 |
|
|
|
829,586 |
|
|
|
11,978,706 |
|
+/- change in fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in prior years |
|
$ |
(660,563 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,247,961 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,703,253 |
) |
|
$ |
1,588,914 |
|
+ vest date fair value of equity awards granted in the covered year |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+/- change in fair value of prior-year equity awards vested in the fiscal year |
|
|
(231,105 |
) |
|
|
(494,551 |
) |
|
|
1,520,765 |
|
|
|
154,686 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation Actually Paid |
|
$ |
895,431 |
|
|
$ |
(134,970 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,214,193 |
) |
|
$ |
15,069,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For Non-CEO NEOs (Average): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary Compensation Table Total |
|
|
985,254 |
|
|
|
1,045,680 |
|
|
|
1,788,493 |
|
|
|
1,615,082 |
|
- Summary Compensation Table “Option Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(114,923 |
) |
|
|
(625,803 |
) |
|
|
(359,126 |
) |
- Summary Compensation Table “Stock Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(105,983 |
) |
|
|
(550,007 |
) |
|
|
(340,464 |
) |
+ year-end fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in the fiscal year |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
96,692 |
|
|
|
276,531 |
|
|
|
2,253,273 |
|
+/- change in fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in prior years |
|
|
(86,179 |
) |
|
|
(173,534 |
) |
|
|
(1,181,555 |
) |
|
|
227,697 |
|
+ vest date fair value of equity awards granted in the covered year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+/- change in fair value of prior-year equity awards vested in the fiscal year |
|
|
(32,382 |
) |
|
|
(76,849 |
) |
|
|
242,095 |
|
|
|
22,768 |
|
- fair value of awards granted during prior year forfeited during year determined as of prior year end |
|
|
(28,388 |
) |
|
|
(192,960 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(43,973 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation Actually Paid |
|
$ |
838,305 |
|
|
$ |
478,125 |
|
|
$ |
(50,246 |
) |
|
$ |
3,375,257 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount |
$ 985,254
|
1,045,680
|
1,788,493
|
1,615,082
|
Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount |
$ 838,305
|
478,125
|
(50,246)
|
3,375,257
|
Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote |
The following table outlines the adjustments made to the compensation earned by our CEO and non-CEO NEOs, as presented in the Summary Compensation Table, to derive the Compensation Actually Paid to our CEO and non-CEO NEOs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item and Value Added (Deducted) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary Compensation Table Total |
|
$ |
1,787,099 |
|
|
$ |
1,890,783 |
|
|
$ |
4,666,106 |
|
|
$ |
4,234,170 |
|
- Summary Compensation Table “Option Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(390,970 |
) |
|
|
(1,877,394 |
) |
|
|
(1,625,673 |
) |
- Summary Compensation Table “Stock Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(360,556 |
) |
|
|
(1,650,002 |
) |
|
|
(1,260,976 |
) |
+ year-end fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in the fiscal year |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
468,285 |
|
|
|
829,586 |
|
|
|
11,978,706 |
|
+/- change in fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in prior years |
|
$ |
(660,563 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,247,961 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,703,253 |
) |
|
$ |
1,588,914 |
|
+ vest date fair value of equity awards granted in the covered year |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+/- change in fair value of prior-year equity awards vested in the fiscal year |
|
|
(231,105 |
) |
|
|
(494,551 |
) |
|
|
1,520,765 |
|
|
|
154,686 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation Actually Paid |
|
$ |
895,431 |
|
|
$ |
(134,970 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,214,193 |
) |
|
$ |
15,069,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For Non-CEO NEOs (Average): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary Compensation Table Total |
|
|
985,254 |
|
|
|
1,045,680 |
|
|
|
1,788,493 |
|
|
|
1,615,082 |
|
- Summary Compensation Table “Option Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(114,923 |
) |
|
|
(625,803 |
) |
|
|
(359,126 |
) |
- Summary Compensation Table “Stock Awards” column value |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(105,983 |
) |
|
|
(550,007 |
) |
|
|
(340,464 |
) |
+ year-end fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in the fiscal year |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
96,692 |
|
|
|
276,531 |
|
|
|
2,253,273 |
|
+/- change in fair value of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in prior years |
|
|
(86,179 |
) |
|
|
(173,534 |
) |
|
|
(1,181,555 |
) |
|
|
227,697 |
|
+ vest date fair value of equity awards granted in the covered year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+/- change in fair value of prior-year equity awards vested in the fiscal year |
|
|
(32,382 |
) |
|
|
(76,849 |
) |
|
|
242,095 |
|
|
|
22,768 |
|
- fair value of awards granted during prior year forfeited during year determined as of prior year end |
|
|
(28,388 |
) |
|
|
(192,960 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(43,973 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation Actually Paid |
|
$ |
838,305 |
|
|
$ |
478,125 |
|
|
$ |
(50,246 |
) |
|
$ |
3,375,257 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Shareholder Return Amount |
|
194.16
|
361.93
|
225.17
|
Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount |
|
106.29
|
120.41
|
97.55
|
Net Income (Loss) |
|
$ (101,862,000)
|
$ (68,857,000)
|
$ (139,810,000)
|
Company Selected Measure Amount |
|
(7,492,000)
|
(4,792,000)
|
(65,625,000)
|
PEO Name |
Mr. Huseby
|
|
|
|
PEO | Option Awards [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
$ 0
|
$ (390,970)
|
$ (1,877,394)
|
$ (1,625,673)
|
PEO | Stock Awards [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
0
|
(360,556)
|
(1,650,002)
|
(1,260,976)
|
PEO | Year End Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Equity Awards Granted In The Fiscal Year [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
0
|
468,285
|
829,586
|
11,978,706
|
PEO | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Equity Awards Granted In Prior Years [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
(660,563)
|
(1,247,961)
|
(5,703,253)
|
1,588,914
|
PEO | Vest Date Fair Value Of Equity Awards Granted In The Covered Year [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
0
|
|
|
|
PEO | Change In Fair Value Of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested In The Fiscal Year [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
(231,105)
|
(494,551)
|
1,520,765
|
154,686
|
Non-PEO NEO | Option Awards [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
0
|
(114,923)
|
(625,803)
|
(359,126)
|
Non-PEO NEO | Stock Awards [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
0
|
(105,983)
|
(550,007)
|
(340,464)
|
Non-PEO NEO | Year End Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Equity Awards Granted In The Fiscal Year [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
0
|
96,692
|
276,531
|
2,253,273
|
Non-PEO NEO | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Equity Awards Granted In Prior Years [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
(86,179)
|
(173,534)
|
(1,181,555)
|
227,697
|
Non-PEO NEO | Change In Fair Value Of Prior Year Equity Awards Vested In The Fiscal Year [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
(32,382)
|
(76,849)
|
242,095
|
22,768
|
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value Of Awards Granted During Prior Years Forfeited In The Fiscal Year Determined As Of Prior Year End [Member] |
|
|
|
|
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |
$ (28,388)
|
$ (192,960)
|
$ 0
|
$ (43,973)
|