UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period from
to
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Commission File No.: 0-26192
MakeMusic, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Minnesota
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41-1716250
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(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
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7615 Golden Triangle Drive, Suite M, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
(Address of principal executive offices)
(952) 937-9611
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Common Stock $.01 par value
(Title of each class)
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NASDAQ Capital Market
(Name of each exchange on which registered)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act. Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes
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No
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§
229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in
Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
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Indicate by check
mark whether the
registrant is a
large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a
smaller reporting company.
See the definitions of large accelerated
filer, accelerated
filer
and smaller reporting company in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer
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Accelerated filer
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Non-accelerated filer
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting company
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes
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No
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The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June
30, 2008 was approximately $26,628,570 based upon the closing price of the Registrants Common
Stock on such date.
There were 4,635,529 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 27, 2009.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrants definitive Proxy Statement for its 2009 Annual Meeting are
incorporated by reference into Part III.
Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (check one).
Yes
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No
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Introduction
MakeMusic, Inc., a Minnesota corporation (referred to herein as we, us, the Company or
MakeMusic), is a world leader in music education technology whose mission is to enhance and
transform the experience of making, composing, teaching, and learning music. MakeMusics
predecessor corporations, which were merged to form the current entity in 1992, were incorporated
in Minnesota in 1990. We currently have approximately one hundred employees and are based in Eden
Prairie, Minnesota.
MakeMusic develops and markets two product lines that reinforce each others features and
competitiveness. The well-established Finale
®
family of music notation software products
provides a solid base business that generates cash and a large customer database. Music notation
software is a niche business with limited growth opportunity since only a small percentage of
musicians ever notate music.
Our growth potential lies with SmartMusic
®
, a subscription-based product directed
toward the very large and constantly renewing market of music students and their teachers.
SmartMusic combines a software application, a library of thousands of titles and skill-development
exercises, and a web service to provide students with a compelling experience and teachers with a
comprehensive solution.
SmartMusic
Market Need
Many students naturally desire to learn to sing or play a musical instrument and hope to be
part of the school band, orchestra, or choir. The primary obstacle for them is practicing, which is
necessary if they are to develop the skills and expertise music performance requires. There simply
is no substitute for the many hours of individual practice. Some students are reluctant to spend
hours practicing and thus do not develop the skills that allow them to have fun making music. They
likely fall behind their peers and eventually drop out of the school music program. This attrition
is a serious concern of music teachers and of the music products industry. The challenge is to find
ways to make practice time more fun so that students like to practice and also to make it more
productive so that students get better faster.
There is also an increasing demand for music teachers to document individual student
achievement, something that is easy for classroom teachers who routinely give spelling tests, math
quizzes, and science exams. It is impractical, however, for music teachers to audition every
student on a weekly basis to document their skill-development and their proficiency with the music.
Yet they must find a way to do so if music is to remain a justifiable course of study in the
schools. Put another way, what isnt measured will likely not be funded. Accountability within the
public schools has gained prominence as evidenced by recent federal legislative activity including
the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), and music teachers will not be exempt.
In addition, music teachers are very sensitive to how well their student ensembles perform.
Each concert, musical and marching band performance puts their teaching effectiveness on display
for all in the community to evaluate. Solutions that help them be more effective and inspiring so
that they can produce noticeably better performances are of keen interest to them.
The SmartMusic Solution
SmartMusic software is a comprehensive music teaching and learning solution for band,
orchestra, and choir students to use at school and, more importantly, at home. SmartMusic enhances
and transforms the hours spent practicing by putting students inside a professional band,
orchestra, or choir so that they can hear how the music is supposed to be performed and how their
part fits in. This makes practicing much more fun, causing students to practice longer and more
often. SmartMusic also offers a rich variety of effective practice tools that make practice time
more efficient and productive. The combination of making practice time more fun and productive
leads to rapid student skill-development, increased student confidence, higher student retention,
and stronger music programs.
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Teachers use SmartMusic Gradebook
, the web-based grade book that comes with each
teacher subscription, to post assignments to students, receive completed assignments from students,
assess student achievement, and manage student records. SmartMusic Gradebook was formerly known as
SmartMusic Impact
®
. This renaming of the product will more clearly define its grade book
capabilities for teachers. The grade book process works as follows:
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Teachers log in to SmartMusic Gradebook via a web browser, select a title the
students are preparing for concert, and select a pre-defined assignment for that title.
Teachers then set a due date, how many points the assignment is worth, and finally post
the assignment to all students in the band or orchestra. This process takes the teacher
about one minute.
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Students log in to SmartMusic at home and are immediately greeted by a list of
assignments that are due. When students click on an assignment, it is automatically loaded
for them and practice instructions are displayed. Students can then practice the
assignment with SmartMusics practice tools: slow down the tempo, hear how their part is
performed, set practice loops, use the tuner, etc. Students can even record their
performance so that they can listen to themselves and better detect problems they need to
correct. As students practice, they see notes and rhythms that were performed incorrectly
turn red and notes that were performed correctly turn green. In this manner SmartMusic
automatically assesses student performances, giving each student a score.
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3.
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Once a student achieves a desired score, they click the
Submit
button so that the
assignment and its final score are automatically sent to the teachers SmartMusic
Gradebook. Although the student needs an Internet connection to do this, no browser or
e-mail program is required.
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Teachers can now see in their SmartMusic Gradebook which students have submitted
assessment assignments and what grades were automatically given by SmartMusic. If the
teacher required students to submit recordings of an assignment, the recordings are also
in the Gradebook. Teachers can listen to recordings with a single click which facilitates
an efficient grading process.
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SmartMusic Assignments
With SmartMusic and SmartMusic Gradebook, teachers finally have a practical way to influence
students home practice time and measure individual student achievement. They are able to use
student records in SmartMusic Gradebook to explain a semester grade to a student as well as his or
her parents. SmartMusic Gradebook also makes it easy for a teacher to e-mail parents a recording of
their child with a note, Listen to how great your child sounds! This encourages parents to be
more actively involved in their childs musical education.
Students understand that their teachers know, because of SmartMusic assignments, whether they
practice and whether they master their concert music. At the same time SmartMusic holds students
accountable, it makes their practice time more fun and inspiring. We believe students prefer to
work on assignments at home with SmartMusic and submit them via the Gradebook instead of performing
in front of their teacher and peers.
An administrator can audit their teachers SmartMusic Gradebook to verify that student
achievement is consistently being measured and that students are developing skills. This helps them
justify the music program which is generally acknowledged as very important to the school district
but has not evidenced sufficient tests and measurements in the past.
How Does SmartMusic Develop Skills and Motivate Students?
SmartMusic provides a rich combination of features that help students focus their practice
time, master specific skills, and have fun as they practice. These features include the following:
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Assessment. SmartMusic assesses student performance. Wrong notes and rhythms turn red
while correct notes turn green. SmartMusic scores each attempt by the students, giving
practice time a video game-like appeal.
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Practice with professional accompaniment. SmartMusic puts the student into an ensemble
of professionals. The music comes alive for them as they hear how professionals create the
drama, excitement, and beauty of the music.
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Practice at slower tempos. Students need to slow music down in order to master the
technical challenges. SmartMusic allows students to set any tempo and then gradually build
up speed.
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Hear how your part is performed. SmartMusic will play each students part so that they
can hear how a professional would perform it.
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Record yourself. Students often cannot hear what they are doing wrong as they sing or
play. SmartMusic allows them to record themselves so that they can instantly hear what
needs to be corrected.
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Intelligent Accompaniment
®
. When practicing solo literature that requires
expressive interpretation, SmartMusic listens to the students as they speed up or slow
down and the accompaniment follows their tempo changes. Students are free to experiment
with phrasing, learning to project their personalities into the music and making it their
own.
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Practice performing in tune. The SmartMusic tuner is built in and helps students hear
where the pitch should be.
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Fingering charts. When students do not know how to finger a note, they just click on it
to see its fingering chart. SmartMusic knows for which instrument to provide the
fingering.
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Practice loops. Students can isolate difficult measures for concentrated practice.
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Skill-development exercises in all keys. SmartMusic includes a large library of
exercises that foster skills related to scales, intervals, arpeggios, rhythms, playing by
ear and jazz improvisation.
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Wide range of repertoire. The SmartMusic accompaniment library includes classical,
jazz, opera, worship, musical theater, pop, and other genres. The accompaniments, made by
professionals, are stylistic, authentic, and fun to practice with. Many of the jazz
accompaniments, for example, are created by Wynton Marsaliss musicians.
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Licensing, Publisher Relations and Content Development
Content is critical to SmartMusics success. No matter how exciting and useful the technology
may be, if the SmartMusic library does not have the titles teachers want to perform with their
student ensembles, they will not subscribe. Determining what titles teachers want is accomplished
by studying published lists of titles such as 1) state contest approved lists, 2) most often
performed lists, 3) best-selling lists, and 4) basic library lists. Additionally, publisher
requests, input from subscribers and information from JW Pepper, the largest sheet music retailer,
are also factors considered to determine content.
While the SmartMusic library contains many titles and exercises that are either in the public
domain or copyrighted by MakeMusic, the vast majority of SmartMusic content is licensed. Licenses
for band, orchestra, and choir titles typically cover three usages: 1) the right to include the
title in SmartMusic, 2) the right to display the music notation (and lyrics if applicable)
on-screen, and 3) the right to use an audio recording of the title.
These rights are licensed from a wide range of music publishers, including industry leaders
such as Hal Leonard Corporation, Alfred Publishing and Music Sales, Ltd. MakeMusic has been
successful at licensing titles for use within SmartMusic and believes it has good relations with
the publishing community at large. However, there is no guarantee that licensing efforts will be
successful in the future.
The content development process for SmartMusic includes the following: 1) editing Finale
notation files supplied by publishers or engraving the files with Finale, and modeling the result
on the published music, 2) synchronizing the audio recording file with the Finale notation file, 3)
marking the audio file as needed for use within SmartMusic, 4) defining assignments for the title,
and 5) testing the final file. Once this process is complete, the file is added to the library
database and posted for available download to subscribers. The development costs for each title
added into SmartMusic are capitalized and when added to the library database, amortized over a
five-year period.
Developing a typical band title that does not require engraving costs approximately $725 per
title and the typical orchestra title is approximately $350. If engraving is required, the cost is
approximately $2,300 per
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band title. The average cost per engraved title has declined from approximately $3,000 in the
prior year as we have moved some of the engraving work in-house and to lower cost providers.
Engraving is the process of taking hand written music notation and converting it into publishable
format. We expect the costs for band titles to continue to be more than choir and orchestra titles
due to their complexity and number of parts required.
During our 2008 fiscal year, we made significant investments to expand the large ensemble
titles in SmartMusic. As of December 31, 2008, SmartMusic had 1,186 titles available for band, 96
for jazz ensemble and 255 titles available for orchestra with capitalized investment costs totaling
approximately $1,700,000. During 2009, we plan to reduce our costs by significantly reducing the
engraving work performed by external contractors and having this work performed by MakeMusic
employees. By the end of 2009, we expect to have approximately 1,400 titles available for band, 150
for jazz ensemble and 500 for orchestra. These band and orchestra titles are in addition to the
thousands of titles in SmartMusic of solo literature, numerous beginning methods, and
skill-development exercises.
SmartMusic Application Development
The SmartMusic application is developed by an internal team of software programmers and
testers. Certain technologies are licensed from third parties and then adapted for use within
SmartMusic. Development priorities are set by researching how teachers and students use SmartMusic,
noting what improvements and additions are required.
The SmartMusic application coordinates a complex web of interacting technologies that include
1) playback of music, either synthesized or audio, 2) display of music notation on-screen with
Finale technology, 3) use of a microphone attachment to record a students performance, 4)
recognition of notes and rhythms and comparison of a students performance to what is notated, 5)
communication of errors and correction techniques to students, and 6) the support of a growing
selection of skill-development features that accelerate student learning. In addition, the
application has patented features such as Intelligent Accompaniment which allow students to develop
their skills of expression for solo literature.
Most importantly, the SmartMusic application communicates directly with the SmartMusic
Gradebook, making the posting and submitting of assignments automatic and problem-free. It also
manages aspects of the subscription service as well as content updates.
Licensed Technology
Certain pitch recognition software incorporated into SmartMusic for purposes of music
performance assessment is licensed from Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique
(IRCAM) which is based in Paris, France. The license agreement continues in perpetuity and is
exclusive to SmartMusic through November 24, 2009. In light of the constantly changing environment
of music technology, coupled with an increase in alternative technology sources, we do not believe
the expiration of this license exclusivity will have a material impact on SmartMusic.
SmartMusic Patents
We licensed, from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) on a worldwide basis for the life of the
patent, the use of the U.S. patent that covers the automated accompaniment developed by MakeMusic
that listens to and follows tempo changes from a live performance. Although this patent expired in
2005, we have further developed this technology and patented additional features. We have obtained
five additional patents that protect improvements to the user control of the software and that
contain certain aspects of the repertoire file which enhance the softwares algorithms,
accompaniment controls, and repertoire data file capabilities, and expand miscellaneous interface
features of the product. As a result of the additional patented features we have developed, strong
synergy with our Finale notation product and continuing development of an extensive library of
licensed repertoire, we do not believe that SmartMusic has been or will be materially affected by
the expiration in 2005 of the CMU patent.
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SmartMusic Website and Back Office Development
The SmartMusic Gradebook is the most visible aspect of the web support provided to the
SmartMusic application. We use another layer of interacting technologies, databases, and services
to support the Gradebook. This ensures that the SmartMusic solution is comprehensive and that the
SmartMusic experience is logical, efficient and enjoyable.
The website and back-office services are also developed by an internal team of programmers and
testers. Certain aspects of this development are sometimes handled by external contractors with any
development remaining the property of MakeMusic.
SmartMusic Accessories
The primary SmartMusic accessories are the instrumental microphone and the vocal microphone
headset. These microphones are inserted into the microphone input of the computer and their audio
signal is routed to the SmartMusic software for recording and assessment analysis. The instrumental
microphone has a plastic-coated tip that allows it to be clipped onto a musical instrument or the
students clothing. We outsource the microphone manufacturing to suppliers who can meet the
specifications at competitive pricing. During 2008, the suggested retail price of the SmartMusic
microphones was $19.95. Approximately 65% of new subscription purchases include a microphone. We
believe accessories revenue will continue to be consistent with this level in the future.
SmartMusic Subscription Business
SmartMusic is sold as an annual subscription. Currently, teacher subscriptions, which include
the SmartMusic Gradebook, are priced at $130. Additional subscriptions for school computers and
student home subscriptions are priced at $30.
As teachers come to rely on SmartMusic to prepare concert music and develop student skills, we
believe they will post more and more SmartMusic assignments to their students. Because teachers are
able to quickly post assignments and SmartMusic assesses and grades automatically, teachers can
easily post assignments related to scales, intervals, arpeggios, rhythms, and solo repertoire as
well as their concert music. We expect that as teachers post a greater number of SmartMusic
assignments, more students will be motivated to have SmartMusic at home and our student
subscription rates will increase.
The statistics by which investors can evaluate SmartMusic growth are the following:
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Number of SmartMusic educator accounts
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Number of SmartMusic Gradebook teachers (those having issued assignments to 50+
students)
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Total number of SmartMusic subscriptions
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SmartMusic subscriptions are sold directly to teachers, parents, and students. Marketing
communications consist primarily of presentations, clinics and exhibits at music educator state
conferences, e-mail, and direct mail. Direct sales efforts are typically aimed at the most
influential music teachers and/or music supervisors in large districts with successful music
programs. We are focusing such efforts on eighteen key music education states including Texas,
Florida, New York, Illinois, and Minnesota.
SmartMusic Site Licenses
In order to further increase the number of student subscriptions per school and per district,
MakeMusic introduced a SmartMusic site license program in September 2007. SmartMusic site licenses
are intended to encourage large deployments of SmartMusic student subscriptions. The site licenses
provide schools with coterminous subscriptions for all students and teachers and discounted pricing
is available. The special site license pricing is two-tiered: 100 or more subscriptions reduces all
prices by 15% and prepaid site licenses of 500 or more subscriptions reduces all prices by 25%. We
offer reasonably priced teacher training to support these larger installations and offer a training
workbook and DVD as well. As of December 31, 2008, there were 212 site licenses for SmartMusic. We
expect the number of site licenses to increase in the future due to our recently established direct
sales force and focused marketing initiatives.
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SmartMusic Sales and Marketing
The market for SmartMusic is large, with student use being the largest potential market. It is
estimated there are more than 100,000 school buildings in the United States, many with band,
orchestra, and/or choir programs. We believe the key to expanding the number of subscriptions for
students is producing a compelling reason for educators to make SmartMusic an integral part of
their curriculum and the basis for how they deliver and grade regular student assignments. Further,
we believe that the majority of students will prefer the convenience of completing SmartMusic
assignments at home and it is this dynamic that will drive subscription growth.
As of December 31, 2008, MakeMusic has more than 9,100 teachers with active SmartMusic
subscriptions. Since these teachers are already using SmartMusic, they will likely be the first to
adopt SmartMusic Gradebook and embrace the concept of requiring students to submit frequent
SmartMusic assignments. Therefore, this group of users represents one of our most important target
segments. We are able to track when each teacher creates a SmartMusic Gradebook account, when they
set up a class and the number of students enrolled. As a result, we have the ability to tailor our
direct marketing messages.
For the first time, the SmartMusic solution provides administrators with the ability to easily
measure individual student achievement, create and deliver district-wide curriculum, and provide
parents with secure on-line access to student assignments and grades. Based on this solution,
MakeMusic has established a direct sales organization. The field sales representatives have an
objective of calling on district decision-makers and selling a higher number of subscriptions for
each installation.
Prospecting efforts are largely based on ranking school districts in target states based on
student population, average household income, and geography. Priorities are established by
identifying current users in target districts and requesting their assistance in setting up a
meeting and presentation with district decision-makers and other music educators within the
district.
Our SmartMusic marketing efforts are exclusively focused on the U.S. market and directed
primarily at public school music administrators, music educators, and their students. In addition
to aggressive direct marketing programs, MakeMusic participates in more than 40 annual music
educator conventions and presents SmartMusic clinics in a variety of settings.
The primary distribution for SmartMusic subscriptions is via the
www.smartmusic.com
website (linked with
www.makemusic.com
and
www.finalemusic.com
). School orders are normally
processed directly through the MakeMusic customer support department.
SmartMusic Competition
SmartMusic is a revolutionary concept that created a new product category for teaching and
learning music. As such, it entered the market with no direct competitors. Imitators have since
introduced direct competing products, at least two of which are still in the marketplace. iPAS from
Pygraphics, Inc. has been in the market for several years and provides on-screen music notation and
assessment. StarPlay
formerly In the Chair
®
is a recently introduced
competitor which provides accompaniment and on-screen music notation.
At this time, no competitor has a library of content comparable to SmartMusic. Nor does any
competitor have SmartMusic Gradebook functionality, Intelligent Accompaniment
®
, or the
ability to utilize Finale files for user-created content. These features, as well as our
long-standing relationships with major industry partners and our competitive pricing strategies,
represent significant competitive barriers, but we can make no assurances that SmartMusic will not
face challenging competition in the future. We intend to maintain our competitive position by
continued expansion of our repertoire library and ongoing product enhancements.
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Finale family of notation products
We are a market leader in music notation software with our Finale family of products for use
with Macintosh
®
and Windows
®
PC operating systems. Music notation software
enables a musician to enter musical data into a computer using either the computer keyboard, a
MIDI- (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) equipped electronic music keyboard or other
MIDI-equipped instruments, and contemporaneously display the data on a computer screen as a musical
score. The dramatic improvements in speed and flexibility provided by software programs like Finale
have made such software the dominant method for composers, arrangers, publishers, and music
teachers to create printed music.
The Finale product is a powerful and comprehensive notation software product which is sold
worldwide. Finale music notation software has a suggested retail price of $600. Finale software is
differentiated from other music notation software by its breadth and depth of features, including
capabilities such as its hyperscribe feature. HyperScribe
®
allows users to freely play
music with varying tempos via a MIDI keyboard while the software interpolates the rhythms and
accurately notates the music in real time.
We also produce an Academic/Theological Edition of the Finale product that is sold exclusively
to schools, teachers, college students, and religious organizations at a suggested retail price of
$350. This edition has been a key source of revenue and registered user-base growth. In addition,
it reaches a market that is continuously replenished with new student users.
The Finale product is currently translated into German, French, Italian, and Japanese. We
believe the international market is a key growth opportunity as computer penetration increases
worldwide. All transactions with our international customers are completed in US currency.
The Finale Allegro
®
product, a value-priced version of the powerful Finale music
notation software product, was introduced in 1993. The Allegro music notation software product
currently retails for $199 and contains a subset of the notation tools contained in the Finale
product.
Finale PrintMusic
®
and Finale SongWriter
®
are entry-level music notation
software products, retailing for $99.95 and $49.95, respectively. Each contains a subset of the
notation tools contained in the Finale and Finale Allegro products. These products allow us to
offer entry-level products to the retail customer, thereby expanding the base of registered users
and increasing the potential for sales of notation software upgrades. These products are targeted
to a broad audience in the education and general consumer marketplace.
Finale NotePad
®
is sold as an introduction to the Finale notation family and
provides a quick and easy method to transform musical ideas into printed music. Finale NotePad is
available via download for $9.99. Finale Reader
was introduced in 2008 and is a free
download to view, play and print Finale files.
Finale Sales and Marketing
As of December 31, 2008, Finale notation products are sold through 52 distributors serving
countries world-wide. In the United States and Canada, the Finale family of notation products is
sold by channel-specific distributors and retailers in the musical instrument, educational and
consumer electronic channels. Our products are merchandised through a combination of websites,
catalogs, and in-store displays. We support these efforts with a modest co-op advertising program.
In early 2006 we signed a domestic distribution agreement with Hal Leonard Corporation, the largest
music publisher in the world, to provide our products to U.S. musical instrument and print music
retailers.
Upgrades and trade-ups are marketed and sold exclusively by MakeMusic in North America.
MakeMusic requires all notation products sold in North America to be registered, and we regularly
market upgrades and trade-ups to the registered user database. Each campaign is evaluated based on
the return on investment and against original projections. Finale upgrades were introduced on both
the Windows platform and Macintosh platform in each of the last several years and we intend to
continue this annual upgrade cycle. All Finale products operate on both the Windows and Macintosh
platforms.
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Internationally, Finale notation products are represented by key distributors in many overseas
territories. Finale is translated into German, French, Japanese, and Italian. International sales
have grown the last few years as a result of expanding our distribution partners and increasing the
number of localized versions. However, general economic conditions resulted in reduced
international sales in 2008.
MakeMusic markets a variety of Finale notation education offerings to schools, students, and
other qualified institutions including the Finale Academic edition, the Finale lab pack, and the
Finale site license. The Finale lab pack and Finale site license provide educational discounts for
volume purchases. Education sales have steadily increased, although the mix is shifting towards
site licenses indicating wider acceptance and use of Finale notation software. We believe that this
trend will increase based on the synergistic relationship between Finale and SmartMusic.
Customers can also utilize Finale software to create accompaniments for use with SmartMusic. A
Finale file is saved as a SmartMusic accompaniment and becomes part of the SmartMusic solution.
This interplay provides MakeMusic with cross-marketing opportunities between Finale and SmartMusic
users and products, and also provides a unique differentiator in the marketplace.
We believe that economic conditions will result in a softening of our Finale notation software
business in 2009 and potentially beyond. We anticipate holding our notation development spending
generally flat as a result and have developed company-wide contingency plans that will be
implemented if certain revenue and cash flow objectives are not met. Upon economic improvement, we
intend to steadily build on our notation business by continually expanding the installed base of
users, regularly providing them with upgrades, expanding our educational offerings, increasing the
synergy with SmartMusic, and establishing the products as a means for electronic transmission of
music.
Finale Competition
The notation market is highly competitive and includes competitors such as Steinberg Media
Technologies GmbH, Sibelius Software, NOTION Music, Inc., and Voyeur Turtle Beach, Inc. Competitive
factors in marketing Finale products include product features, quality, brand recognition, ease of
use, merchandising, access to distribution channels, retail shelf space, and price. We believe we
compete effectively through regular upgrades and marketing initiatives.
Synergies between SmartMusic and Finale products
From a technology perspective, there are considerable synergies between the SmartMusic
business and the Finale notation business because the products benefit from shared technologies.
The Finale notation technology, for example, is used within SmartMusic to display, among other
things, sheet music, exercises, and beginning band method songs. It is this technology that puts
red and green notes on the screen to show SmartMusic students what they played incorrectly and how
to correct their mistakes. Similarly, the SmartMusic pitch recognition technology is used within
Finale in its MicNotator
®
feature, which allows Finale users to enter notes by simply
playing an acoustic instrument into a microphone. Indeed, the synergistic integration between
SmartMusic and Finale notation products represents a differentiator for our notation products and
provides a barrier to entry into the marketplace. Likewise, the ability to create SmartMusic
repertoire using the Finale product is a major benefit for SmartMusic customers.
Also important are the market and customer synergies. We estimate that Finale is established
in more than 30,000 schools, all of which are potential targets for SmartMusic. The school
teachers/decision-makers know and respect Finale and are willing to consider new products from
MakeMusic.
General Information
Customer Support
As of December 31, 2008, customer support for all products is handled by 21 employees. They
are supported by knowledge-based software that allows customers to ask questions on-line at
www.finalemusic.com
and
www.smartmusic.com
and then presents them with answers. As new questions
are
9
asked by customers, the database of questions and answers is expanded. This software reduces
the number of contacts reaching customer support employees and thus enhances efficiency, reduces
cost, and provides a better experience for customers.
Principal Sources and Suppliers
Printing of user manuals, packaging, and the manufacture of related materials are performed to
our specifications by outside subcontractors. We currently use one subcontractor to perform
standard copying and assembling services, including copying software DVD and CD-ROM discs, and
assembling the product manuals, discs, and other product literature into packages. If this
subcontractor is unable to perform, there are alternative vendors that we could use for this
service. Our instrumental and vocal microphones are each currently provided by two separate vendors
that are sole source suppliers. As we look to expand our SmartMusic customer base, we are working
with these vendors so microphones will be dual sourced.
Dependence on Major Customers
As of December 31, 2008, no distributor or direct customer for either our SmartMusic or Finale
products represents more than 10% of total revenue.
Product Development
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, 54 employees were involved in product development for
SmartMusic and Finale products at MakeMusic. This staff engages in research and development of new
products, enhancements to existing products, business systems support, repertoire development, and
quality assurance testing.
MakeMusics non-capitalized expenditures for product development were $4,633,000 and
$4,278,000 in 2008 and 2007, representing 30.6% and 29.3% of gross revenues, respectively. These
expenses include the costs for our annual notation upgrades, product maintenance releases and
support for our business systems. We expect these costs to moderately increase in 2009 due to
enhancements in our technology infrastructure requirements to support our expanding customer base.
Trademarks
We own the registered trademarks in the United States for Allegro
®
,
Coda
®
, Finale Allegro
®
, Finale NotePad
®
, Finale Performance
Assessment
®
, Finale PrintMusic
®
, Finale SongWriter
®
,
Finale
®
, Finale Viewer
®
, FinaleScript
®
, FPA
®
,
HumanPlayback
®
, HyperScribe
®
, Intelligent Accompaniment
®
,
Intonation Trainer
®
, M!
®
, MakeMusic
®
, MicNotator
®
,
SmartMusic
®
, SmartMusic Impact
®
, StudioView
®
, SmartFind and
Paint
®
, and TempoTap
®
. In addition, the names Coda
®
, Finale
NotePad
®
, Finale SongWriter
®
, Finale Viewer
®
, Finale
®
,
Intelligent Accompaniment
®
, MakeMusic
®
, SmartMusic
®
, and The Art
of Music Notation
®
have been protected in some foreign countries and we have applied for
protection in foreign countries for Finale PrintMusic
®
, and SmartMusic
Impact
. We have applied for trademark registration in the United States for
SmartSheets
, and Finale Reader
. In addition to our own registered
trademarks listed above, this report also contains references to trademarks owned by third parties.
Technology Infrastructure
The MakeMusic data center is operated internally, offering extensive uptime and connectivity
to the Internet backbone via fiber-optic connections. For maximum reliability, all our servers
utilize redundant arrays of independent discs for information backup as well as redundant power. A
Storage Area Network is in place to provide simplified storage administration and allow for server
consolidation and virtualization. Websites and services are run on Microsoft IIS
®
and
Apache
®
servers. A combination of Microsoft SQL Server
®
and
Oracle
®
are used for database applications. MakeMusic utilizes a VoIP phone system that
provides unified messaging and is deeply integrated with Microsoft Active Directory and Microsoft
Exchange. Our network is monitored twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, and is scalable and
upgradeable for future growth.
In 2008, we migrated a large portion of our business-critical servers to an offsite data
center. This provides greater environmental controls in addition to helping to eliminate single
points of failure in our network infrastructure. Server consolidation, fast recovery, redundancy,
and increased scalability are just a few of the areas that we expect the migration to address.
10
MakeMusic Websites:
www.smartmusic.com
. The SmartMusic website promotes our SmartMusic subscriptions and
SmartMusic accessories.
www.smartmusic.com/impact
. The SmartMusic Impact Gradebook website is where teachers
set up their classes, post assignments to students, receive completed assignments from students,
and manage student records.
www.finalemusic.com
. The Finale website promotes notation products and e-commerce with
mail-order fulfillment, as well as downloads of Finale NotePad.
www.makemusic.com
. The MakeMusic website includes information on the Company and our
products. It also provides links to
www.smartmusic.com
and
www.finalemusic.com
for
people wanting to make purchases of our products.
Available Information
All reports filed electronically by MakeMusic with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC), including its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports
on Form 8-K, proxy and information statements, other information and amendments to those reports
filed (if applicable), are accessible at no cost by contacting the Investor Relations department at
MakeMusic. These filings are also accessible on the SECs website at
www.sec.gov
. The
public may read and copy any materials filed by MakeMusic with the SEC at the SECs Public
Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may also obtain information
from the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Cautionary Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Reform Act) provides a safe harbor
for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. We have made, and may continue to make,
various written or verbal forward-looking statements with respect to business and financial
matters, including statements contained in this document, other filings with the SEC and reports to
shareholders. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations or forecasts of future events
and can be identified by the use of terminology such as believe, estimate, expect, intend,
may, could, will and similar words or expressions. Forward-looking statements speak only as
of the date on which they are made.
Our forward-looking statements generally relate to the following: our relations with the
publishing community and strength of our licensing efforts; expectations relating to development,
production and marketing and other expenses; intentions relating to product development, market
introduction, sales and marketing efforts and pricing strategies; beliefs about the impact of
intellectual property rights; expectations relating to our business model and strategy; beliefs
about the international market for our product; our intended growth strategy (particularly related
to SmartMusic); expectations relating to results of operations, subscription rates, site licenses,
cash flows and financial results; intentions relating to our business activity during the economic
downturn; beliefs about our ability to compete in the music software industry; expectations and
beliefs relating to our vendors, contractors and suppliers; perceived benefits from changes to our
technology infrastructure and our intent to report subscription renewals on a quarterly basis.
Forward-looking statements cannot be guaranteed and actual results may vary materially due to the
uncertainties and risks, known and unknown, associated with such statements. We undertake no
obligation to update any forward-looking statements. We wish to caution investors that the
following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could
affect our actual results of operations and cause such results to differ materially from those
anticipated in forward-looking statements made in this document and elsewhere by us or on our
behalf. It is not possible to foresee or identify all factors that could cause actual results to
differ from expected or historic results. As such, investors should not consider any list of such
factors to be an exhaustive statement of all risks, uncertainties, or potentially inaccurate
assumptions.
11
While we currently believe that we have sufficient capital, we may have other capital needs.
We again achieved positive operating cash flow in 2008 and expect it to continue to be positive in
the future, provided we continue to increase revenue and manage expenses. We believe our cash
reserves are sufficient to execute our strategies. If we do not maintain positive cash flow, we may
need additional capital in the form of debt or equity financing to continue to operate the
business. Additional capital may be needed if there is a significant change in our business plan or
operating results. There is no assurance that additional debt or equity financing will be available
to us on favorable terms or at all.
We are dependent upon our new product development efforts.
Additional development work is
required to increase the breadth of and provide periodic upgrades to our SmartMusic and Finale
products and expand the accompaniment repertoire for SmartMusic. There can be no assurance that our
timetable for any of our development plans will be achieved, that sufficient development resources
will be available, or that development efforts will be successful.
We are dependent upon the Internet in our business.
We are dependent on the Internet to
activate our SmartMusic subscriptions and secure our licensed content. We also utilize the Internet
as one of our order-processing channels. Critical issues concerning the commercial use of the
Internet, including security, cost, ease of use and access, intellectual property ownership, and
other legal liability issues, remain unresolved and could materially and adversely affect both the
growth of Internet usage generally and our business in particular. If we experience problems
developing and maintaining our Internet operations, our sales, operating results, and financial
condition could be adversely affected.
We are dependent upon obtaining and maintaining license agreements with music publishers, of
which there are a limited number.
The world market for music license rights is highly concentrated
among a limited number of publishers. We have entered into license agreements with leading music
publishers that provide access to certain musical titles for accompaniment development. Many of our
contracts with major publishers are not exclusive, which means that similar agreements may be made
with competitors or that the publishers themselves may sell the same titles. While we believe that
our relationships with these publishers are good, there can be no assurance that we will be able to
maintain or expand these relationships. The lack of a sufficient number and variety of musical
arrangements would greatly limit the ability to market our products and services.
Certain of our products have limited and fluctuating sales.
Sales of our SmartMusic
subscription products have not achieved, and may not achieve, significant levels. Further, Internet
sales have fluctuated, as have sales of Finale products, which are historically higher following
the release of product upgrades. We believe that results of operations may fluctuate as a result
of, among other things, the purchasing cycle of the education market and the timing of releases of
new products and product upgrades. Certain states have had significant budget deficits and
education funding cuts, which could negatively impact sales of products to the education market.
The continued decline in worldwide economic conditions may divert consumer spending from our
products.
The spending habits of our target group of students and their families are often impacted
by general economic conditions. If economic conditions do not improve in the United States or
internationally, our target customers discretionary income and purchasing decisions may change.
This could negatively impact Notation sales, SmartMusic subscription rates and accessory sales.
We have incurred operating losses in the past and may incur losses in the future.
We have
incurred losses from operations in the past and may incur such losses in the future. In order to
continue to develop our business and planned product and service offerings, we will be required to
continue to devote capital to development and marketing efforts, among other things. There can be
no assurance that we will operate profitably or provide an economic return to investors.
We face intense competition.
While competition for SmartMusic is relatively limited, there can
be no assurance, in spite of significant barriers to entry, that others, such as large electronic
and musical instrument manufacturers, will not enter this market. Competition for our notation
products could potentially adversely impact future sales levels. Our ability to continue to compete
effectively will be substantially
12
dependent upon our ability to continue to improve our product offerings and Internet
resources. If such improvements and development efforts do not materialize as intended, we may lose
our ability to differentiate our products from those of our competitors. In addition, increasing
competition in the music software market could cause prices to fall and the volume of transactions
to decline, either of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial
condition.
Rapid technological changes and obsolescence may adversely affect our business.
We operate in
an industry greatly affected by technological changes. While we are not currently aware of any
significant technological changes that may affect our current technology base, continued
advancements in computer software, hardware, and network designs and formats may impact our ability
to effectively maintain our Internet-based sales efforts in a workable and user-friendly format.
The proprietary technology we use to protect access to our licensed files may be effective for only
a limited period by reason of technological change. We must, therefore, devote new resources to
improve or modify this security system, which is a critical aspect of our ability to establish and
maintain relationships with music publishers. While we currently believe that we have sufficient
resources to address technological changes that may affect our business, there can be no assurance
that any such technological changes will not prove too much for us to overcome in a cost-effective
manner.
The success of our web-based products and services is dependent upon our ability to protect
user information and comply with data protection laws and regulations.
In connection with the use
of our web-based products, users provide us with certain personal information. The collection, use,
disclosure or security of personal information or other privacy-related matters are regulated by
applicable data protection laws. While we strive to comply with all applicable data protection laws
and regulations, as well as our own posted privacy policies, any failure or perceived failure to
comply may result in proceedings or actions against us by government entities, individuals or
others, which could potentially have an adverse effect on our business. Further, federal, state,
and international regulations regarding privacy and data protection may become more stringent in
the future, which could increase our cost of compliance,
In addition, as our SmartMusic Gradebook product is web based, the amount of data we store for
our users on our servers (including personal information) has been increasing. Any systems failure
or compromise of our security that results in the release of our users data could seriously limit
the adoption of our products as well as harm our reputation and brand and, therefore, our business.
We may also need to expend significant resources to protect against system failure or security
breaches. The risk that these types of events could seriously harm our business is likely to
increase as we expand the number of subscribers to our products.
We are dependent upon certain key personnel.
We are highly dependent on a limited number of
key management, including our executive management team as well as key technical personnel. The
loss of key personnel, or our inability to hire and retain qualified personnel, could have an
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are dependent upon proprietary technology and cannot assure protection of such technology.
There can be no assurance that our proprietary technology will provide us with significant
competitive advantages, that other companies will not develop substantially equivalent technology,
or that we will be able to protect our technologies. We could incur substantial costs in seeking
enforcement of our patents or in defending ourselves against patent infringement claims by others.
Further, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain patent protection in
the markets in which we intend to offer products.
International development plans are subject to numerous risks.
There can be no guarantee that
our international expansion efforts will be successful or that we will be able to offset the cost
of the resources allocated to such efforts. Moreover, we could be faced with the risks inherent in
any international development, such as unpredictable changes in export restrictions, barriers, and
customs rates; currency risks; the difficulty of managing foreign operations; the differences in
technological standards, payment terms and labor laws and practices among countries; collection
problems; political instabilities; seasonal reductions in business; and unforeseen taxes. Such risk
factors could harm our international operations and, therefore, our business, operating results,
and financial condition.
13
The market price of our stock may experience volatility.
We cannot speculate as to the future
market price of our common stock. Our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience,
significant price volatility due to a number of factors, including fluctuations in operating
results, changes in market perspectives for our products, developments in our industry, and general
market conditions that may be unrelated to our performance.
We will be exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and
public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related regulations implemented by the SEC,
are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and
making some activities more time consuming. We will continue to evaluate our internal controls
systems to allow management to report on, and our independent auditors to attest to, our internal
controls. While we have performed the system and process evaluation and testing (and any necessary
remediation) required to comply with the management certification requirements of Section 404 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, auditor attestation will be required in 2009. While we anticipate being
able to fully comply with the requirements relating to internal controls and all other aspects of
Section 404, we cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of the auditors attestation or the
impact of the same on our operations. If we are not able to maintain the requirements of Section
404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may be subject to sanctions or investigation
by regulatory authorities, including the SEC. This type of action could adversely affect our
financial results or investors confidence in our Company and our ability to access capital markets
and could cause our stock price to decline. In addition, the controls and procedures that we will
implement may not comply with all of the relevant rules and regulations of the SEC. If we fail to
develop and maintain effective controls and procedures, we may be unable to provide the required
financial information in a timely and reliable manner. Further, if we acquire any business in the
future, we may incur substantial additional costs to bring the acquired business systems into
compliance with Section 404.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our corporate facility is leased under an operating lease arrangement and consists of
approximately 22,000 square feet of office and warehouse space at 7615 Golden Triangle Drive, Suite
M, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, 55344. Rent and maintenance over the remaining lease term are
approximately $250,000 on an annual basis and the lease expires March 31, 2011. We believe this
space is adequate through 2009 and future requirements will be dependent upon the rate of growth we
experience.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In the ordinary course of business, we may be party to legal actions, proceedings, or claims.
Corresponding costs are accrued when it is more likely than not that loss will be incurred and the
amount can be precisely or reasonably estimated. We are not aware of any actual or threatened
litigation that would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of
operations.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
14
PART II
|
|
|
ITEM 5.
|
|
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF
EQUITY SECURITIES
|
Market Information
Our common stock trades on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol MMUS. The following
table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock for the periods set forth:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$
|
10.39
|
|
|
$
|
8.53
|
|
|
$
|
6.83
|
|
|
$
|
5.63
|
|
Common
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
9.50
|
|
|
|
7.34
|
|
|
|
6.94
|
|
|
|
5.85
|
|
Stock
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
8.00
|
|
|
|
6.10
|
|
|
|
7.33
|
|
|
|
5.76
|
|
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
6.95
|
|
|
|
2.02
|
|
|
|
10.80
|
|
|
|
6.98
|
|
As of December 31, 2008, there were approximately 115 registered shareholders.
Dividends
We have never paid cash dividends on any of our securities. We currently intend to retain any
earnings for use in operations and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable
future.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities
There were no sales of unregistered securities during the quarter or year ended December 31,
2008 that have not been previously reported.
Pursuant to the exercise of warrants by certain warrant holders during 2008, we issued 29,476
shares of common stock at $0.50 per share to two investors and 81,250 shares of common stock at
$3.20 per share to three investors. We issued 6,000 shares of common stock at $3.75 and 1,000
shares of common stock at $2.35 to two individuals pursuant to stock option exercises. For all
issuances, we relied upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, since the issuances did not involve a public offering the
recipients took the securities for investment and not for resale, and we took appropriate measures
to restrict transfer.
For information on our equity compensation plans, refer to Item 12, Security Ownership of
Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
ITEM
6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
A smaller reporting company is not required to provide the information required
by this Item.
15
|
|
|
ITEM 7.
|
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
|
Executive Overview
MakeMusics mission is to develop and market solutions that transform how music is composed,
taught, learned and performed. This is accomplished by:
|
|
|
Providing integrated technology, content and web services to enhance and expand how
music is taught, learned and prepared for performance.
|
|
|
|
|
Providing music education content developers with a technology-enriched publishing
platform that leverages their copyrighted assets while simultaneously increasing the
content and value of the SmartMusic library.
|
|
|
|
|
Offering software solutions for engraving and electronically distributing sheet
music.
|
MakeMusic develops and markets two product lines, SmartMusic
®
learning software for
band, jazz ensemble, orchestra and choir and Finale
®
music notation software. We believe
these innovative products that reinforce each others features and competitiveness, will allow us
to continue to achieve positive operating results. The well-established Finale family of music
notation software products provides a solid base business that generates cash and a large customer
database. Music notation software is a niche business with limited growth since only a small
percentage of musicians ever notate music.
Our fiscal year 2008 resulted in continued sales growth for MakeMusic and overall, a 4%
increase over 2007 net revenue was achieved. SmartMusic revenue grew 40% due to our subscription
growth from 86,901 on December 31, 2007 to 106,584 on December 31, 2008 and a price increase
implemented in July 2008. Notation revenue declined 6% overall, which we attribute to worldwide
economic conditions. Gross margin percentages decreased slightly in 2008 to 84% from 85% in 2007.
Operating expenses increased in 2008, primarily due to development expenses as we expanded our
systems infrastructure to support our customer base and provide redundancy. Additionally, sales and
marketing expenses increased as we expanded our direct sales force. We also recorded $265,000 in
costs relating to the departure of our founder and co-Chief Executive Officer in November, 2008. As
a result of the factors mentioned, we reported net income of approximately $491,000 in 2008
compared to net income of $650,000 in 2007.
We believe our greatest growth potential lies with SmartMusic, a subscription-based product
directed toward the very large and constantly renewing market of music students and their teachers.
SmartMusic combines a software application, a library of thousands of titles and skill-development
exercises, and a web service to provide students with a compelling experience and teachers with a
comprehensive solution.
SmartMusic software enhances and transforms the hours spent practicing by putting students
inside a professional band, orchestra, or choir so that they can hear how the music is supposed to
be performed and how their part fits in. This makes practicing much more fun, causing students to
practice longer and more often. SmartMusic also offers a rich variety of effective practice tools
that make practice time more efficient and productive. The combination of making practice time more
fun and productive leads to rapid student skill-development, increased student confidence, higher
student retention, and stronger music programs.
In April 2007, we introduced SmartMusic Impact
®
, a web-based grade book that is
included with each teacher subscription. We are in the process of renaming this product to
SmartMusic Gradebook
to more clearly define the capability of the product. SmartMusic
Gradebook is designed to manage student assignments, grades, and recordings while documenting the
progress of each student and assessing student achievement. This provides music educators (and
students) with exciting new possibilities to assist in developing strong music programs and
complying with accountability requirements. SmartMusic provides access to an ever increasing
library of band, jazz ensemble and orchestra literature. Each title includes individual part
assignments authored by respected educators, thereby providing music teachers with a time-saving
solution for preparing selections for the next public performance. SmartMusic Gradebook enables
teachers to easily send assignments to each of their students. Students complete the assignment on
their home computer provided that they have a SmartMusic subscription, or on a school computer
equipped with
16
SmartMusic. Submitted assignments are automatically graded and posted in the teachers
SmartMusic Gradebook thereby providing teachers with the visible means for measuring student
achievement.
During the third quarter of 2007, we implemented a direct sales initiative for SmartMusic. We
hired salespeople to focus on school district sales activities and introduced site licenses
offering discounts for volume purchases. As of December 31, 2008 we had executed 212 site licenses
and as of December 31, 2007 we had executed 32 site licenses.
With the release of SmartMusic Gradebook in 2007, in addition to the total number of
subscriptions, we began tracking teachers who use SmartMusic as well as the number of those
teachers who are using the Gradebook to deliver and manage student assignments to fifty students or
more (formerly known as Impact teachers, now Gradebook teachers). As of December 31, 2008, we
reported 601 Gradebook teachers compared to 357 Gradebook teachers as of December 31, 2007.
The following table illustrates our quarterly SmartMusic metrics:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec-07
|
|
Mar-08
|
|
Jun-08
|
|
Sep-08
|
|
Dec-08
|
Total Subscriptions
|
|
|
86,901
|
|
|
|
92,776
|
|
|
|
95,632
|
|
|
|
98,119
|
|
|
|
106,584
|
|
Educator Accounts
|
|
|
7,641
|
|
|
|
8,161
|
|
|
|
8,165
|
|
|
|
9,165
|
|
|
|
9,185
|
|
Educators who have issued assignments
*
|
|
|
862
|
|
|
|
1,159
|
|
|
|
1,282
|
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
|
1,436
|
|
Gradebook Teachers
*
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
538
|
|
|
|
247
|
|
|
|
601
|
|
Site Licenses
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
189
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
*
|
Annual statistics that restart on July 1 of each year reflecting the start of the
school-year cycle
|
The 20% growth rate in educator accounts experienced in 2008 has the potential for sizable
growth in student subscriptions. However, this growth depends upon teachers increasing their
utilization of SmartMusic Gradebook as the means to set up their classes, enroll students and issue
frequent SmartMusic assignments. To date, there are not enough teachers that have actively utilized
SmartMusic Gradebook to reflect a significant growth rate in subscriptions which has contributed to
student subscriptions lagging behind our expectations.
The SmartMusic target business model is based on music educators integrating SmartMusic into
their teaching and using the SmartMusic Gradebook to issue frequent assignments which results in an
increase in student subscriptions. As stated above, 1,436, or 16%, of the teachers who have
purchased SmartMusic have utilized SmartMusic Gradebook and those teachers have 76,711 students
receiving SmartMusic assignments. The total student subscriptions associated with these Gradebook
accounts are 40,684.
To accelerate the adoption of this target business model and address the lower than expected
subscription rates in 2008, we intend to increase the focus of our direct sales force on existing
SmartMusic teachers that have not yet utilized Impact in their curriculum, and have developed a
training program to assist teachers in getting started with SmartMusic and SmartMusic Gradebook. In
addition, our development efforts will be focused on improving and simplifying the SmartMusic
purchase processes, Gradebook class set-up, student enrollment and SmartMusic assignments. The
overall objective is to make these processes easy and intuitive for both teachers and students.
In the third quarter of 2008, we began tracking new versus renewed SmartMusic subscriptions.
The following table illustrates the net new SmartMusic subscription data for the quarters ended
September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly
|
|
|
Beginning
|
|
New
|
|
Renewed
|
|
Subscriptions
|
|
Quarter End
|
|
Net New
|
|
|
Subscriptions
|
|
Subscriptions
|
|
Subscriptions
|
|
Ended
|
|
Subscriptions
|
|
Subscriptions
|
3rd Quarter
|
|
|
95,632
|
|
|
|
20,347
|
|
|
|
20,017
|
|
|
|
37,877
|
|
|
|
98,119
|
|
|
|
2,487
|
|
4th Quarter
|
|
|
98,119
|
|
|
|
17,907
|
|
|
|
17,942
|
|
|
|
27,384
|
|
|
|
106,584
|
|
|
|
8,465
|
|
17
We define renewed subscriptions as those subscriptions that customers purchase within the two
month period after their prior subscription ended. Because of changes to the start of school from
year to year as well as fluctuations in the date that music teachers implement their curriculum, we
commonly see subscribers that have a delay of up to two months in renewing their subscription. As a
result, we believe that using the above definition of a renewal more accurately reflects the
renewal rate for SmartMusic subscriptions. We intend to report SmartMusic subscription renewals on
a quarterly basis
.
We have achieved positive cash flow from operations for the last five years, including the
current year ended December 31, 2008. With increased revenues and, in particular, the growth in
SmartMusic subscriptions, plus improvements in operational efficiency over the last few years, we
feel that we can continue to achieve positive operating cash flow on an annual basis in the future.
Due to current economic conditions and concerns over school budgets, we are cautious regarding our
ability to continue annual profitability. However, we have established contingency plans that will
be implemented if certain revenue and cash flow objectives are not met which we believe will be
adequate to maintain positive cash flow.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make significant
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods
presented. We believe that the following are some of the more critical judgment areas in the
application of our accounting policies that currently affect our financial position and results of
operations.
Allowance for doubtful accounts.
Our distribution in domestic and international markets
through independent dealers and distributors concentrates relatively large amounts of receivables
in relatively few customer accounts; however, none are greater than 10% of the total revenue. Some
international customers pay for the product prior to shipment; domestic dealers and distributors
who do not prepay are granted payment terms and credit limits based on credit checks and account
history. We have successfully done business with most of our dealers and distributors for many
years. During fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, we had one distributor that ceased operations
and closed its business resulting in a write-off of their uncollectible accounts receivable of
$16,300. There were no significant uncollectible accounts in 2007. However, two customer accounts
that had ceased operations and were reserved for in 2006 were written off during the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2007causing a decrease in the allowance for doubtful accounts that year.
Any sales directly to home users are prepaid and schools submit purchase orders for purchases.
MakeMusic records a monthly accrual for potential non-payments, which has historically been
sufficient to cover uncollected accounts. Financial conditions in international markets and
economic conditions can change quickly and our allowance for doubtful accounts cannot anticipate
all potential changes.
Sales returns and allowance reserves.
SmartMusic teacher subscriptions automatically renew at
the end of their subscription period. Notices of renewal are sent to the teacher in advance and an
invoice is sent upon the renewal date. A reserve is booked for those subscriptions that
automatically renew and are subsequently cancelled due to teacher relocation, teacher cancellation,
or non-payment of accounts. The reserve represents the revenue recognized on unpaid invoices for
SmartMusic subscriptions which are more than 120 days overdue and which have had no activity in the
preceding three months. The reserve is then evaluated quarterly to determine if any adjustments are
necessary.
When a new version of Finale is released, dealers and distributors retain the right to return
any unsold versions of the prior release (normally 10% of total prior year sales) in exchange for
an equal number of units of the updated version of the product that is returned. The history of
these returns is tracked and revenue is deferred based on the expected return rate until the new
product is released, at which time the product may be returned for credit provided the customer
places an equivalent (number of units) order for the new version.
Inventory valuation.
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being
determined on a weighted average cost method. We record a provision to adjust slow-moving and
obsolete
18
inventories to the lower of cost or market based on historical experience and current
product demand. The carrying value of inventory is evaluated at least quarterly and adjusted as
needed. Inventory is reviewed for obsolescence when the inventory is no longer used in products in
their most current released version.
Stock based compensation.
SFAS 123R requires us to measure and recognize in our Statements of
Income the expense associated with all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors
based on estimated fair values. We utilize the Black-Scholes option valuation model to measure the
amount of compensation expense we recognize for each option award. There are several assumptions
that we must make when using the Black-Scholes model such as the expected term of each option, the
expected volatility of the stock price during the expected term of the option, the expected
dividends payable and the risk free interest rate expected during the option term. Of these
assumptions, the expected term of the options and expected volatility of our common stock are the
most difficult to estimate since they are based on the exercise behavior of employees and the
expected future performance of our stock. An increase in the volatility of our stock price or an
increase in the average period before exercise will increase the amount of compensation expense
related to awards granted after December 31, 2008.
Capitalized software costs.
Costs incurred in the development of software products are
capitalized in accordance with the FASB Statement 86 (FAS 86),
Accounting for the Costs of
Computer Software to Be Sold
,
Leased, or Otherwise Marketed
, which requires the capitalization of
certain software development costs incurred after technological feasibility is established.
Technological feasibility is established when the detailed program design and all planning and
testing activities are completed. Capitalization of computer software costs shall cease when a
product is available for general release to customers. We capitalize the costs of producing any new
software product, which in 2008 included individual song titles to be included as repertoire with
the SmartMusic product. The estimated economic life of SmartMusic Gradebook, whose capitalization
and market introduction was completed in 2007, has been established as five years. This five-year
amortization period is consistent with the initial licensing term for the large ensemble titles
available in SmartMusic that have pre-authored assignments for use by teachers within SmartMusic
Impact. Similarly, upon release of a large ensemble song title into SmartMusic, we amortize the
related capitalized software costs over the estimated life of the song, not to exceed the five-year
licensing period. A reserve is recorded for an estimate of song titles that will not be released.
Annual development of notation products consists of maintenance costs that are expensed as
incurred. We will continue to review our amortization period for capitalized software costs as
considered necessary based upon any new information and information gained in our review of the net
realizable value of unamortized costs.
Post contract support.
We account for software maintenance in accordance with AICPA SOP 97-2,
Software Revenue Recognition
which states that revenue for post-contract support (PCS) may be
recognized upon the initial sale when PCS is included with the initial license and the cost of
providing PCS during the arrangement is insignificant. However, the estimated related costs are
accrued in the same period that the sales price is recognized. We provide unlimited, free
telephone, e-mail, and on-line technical support to our customers and, therefore, accrue an
estimated cost of future support for our notation products in the period of sale.
Impairment of goodwill.
We review goodwill for potential impairment at least annually or when
events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. We
utilize an analysis of the public market value of our stock as a starting point in assessing
whether the carrying value of goodwill is fully recoverable. The assessment of potential impairment
requires certain judgments and estimates by us, including the determination of an event indicating
impairment, the future cash flows to be generated by
assets of the Company, the risks associated with those cash flows, and the discount rate to be
utilized. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions, we may be required to record a
goodwill impairment charge.
Deferred tax assets.
We have U.S. net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $19.1
million, and tax credits of approximately $1,054,000. The losses and tax credits are carried
forward for federal and state corporate income taxes and may be used to reduce future taxes. At
December 31, 2008, we had net deferred tax assets totaling approximately $8.5 million. However,
since we currently could not conclude that this net asset is more likely than not to be realized we
have recorded a valuation allowance for its full amount.
19
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes key operating information for the years ended December 31, 2008
and 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(Decrease)
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
(In $ thousands)
|
|
|
(In $ thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
Notation revenue
|
|
$
|
10,289
|
|
|
$
|
10,980
|
|
|
($
|
691
|
)
|
|
|
-6
|
%
|
SmartMusic revenue
|
|
|
4,070
|
|
|
|
2,900
|
|
|
|
1,170
|
|
|
|
40
|
%
|
Other revenue
|
|
|
797
|
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
14
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
|
15,156
|
|
|
|
14,580
|
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
Cost of revenues
|
|
|
2,380
|
|
|
|
2,228
|
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
12,776
|
|
|
|
12,352
|
|
|
|
424
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
Percentage of net sales
|
|
|
84
|
%
|
|
|
85
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development
|
|
|
4,633
|
|
|
|
4,278
|
|
|
|
355
|
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
Selling and marketing
|
|
|
4,318
|
|
|
|
4,045
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
General administrative
|
|
|
3,385
|
|
|
|
3,504
|
|
|
|
(119
|
)
|
|
|
-3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
12,336
|
|
|
|
11,827
|
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
|
(85
|
)
|
|
|
-16
|
%
|
Other income
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
|
(68
|
)
|
|
|
-54
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income before taxes
|
|
$
|
499
|
|
|
$
|
652
|
|
|
($
|
153
|
)
|
|
|
-23
|
%
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
300
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
491
|
|
|
$
|
650
|
|
|
($
|
159
|
)
|
|
|
-24
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the year ended December 31, 2007
Net revenue.
Net revenue increased 4% from $14,580,000 in 2007 to $15,156,000 in 2008.
Notation revenue decreased $691,000 from $10,980,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007 to
$10,289,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008. Notation revenue decreases are due to the decline
in our channel sales due to economic conditions and the release cycle of our products. Notation
revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 included the release of Allegro 2007 as well as higher
sales from the release of
Finale Songwriter which was released late in 2006. New versions of Allegro and Songwriter have
historically been released biannually.
SmartMusic revenue increased by $1,170,000 from $2,900,000 for the year ended December 31,
2007 to $4,070,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008. The increase in SmartMusic revenue
reflects the continued growth of the SmartMusic product that was originally launched in 2001 and
the SmartMusic Gradebook product that was released in 2007. We also introduced SmartMusic site
licenses in September 2007 with the intent of encouraging school district deployments of SmartMusic
student subscriptions. Additionally, in 2007, we established a direct sales force focused on
district level sales. As of December 31, 2008, there were 212 site licenses for SmartMusic with
average subscriptions per license of 116 and average potential total of 225 subscriptions per
license.
20
SmartMusic is sold to schools, students and music organization members on a subscription
basis. Revenue for these subscriptions is recognized over the life of the subscription which is
typically 12 months. Total earned SmartMusic subscription revenue for the year ended December 31,
2008 was $3,104,000, an increase of $979,000, or 46%, over the year ended December 31, 2008. This
increase is due to the increase in the total number of subscriptions as well as a price increase in
July 2008 where teacher subscriptions increased from $100 to $130 and student subscriptions
increased from $25 to $30. Total unearned SmartMusic subscription revenue (deferred revenue) was
$2,230,000 as of December 31, 2008, an increase of $601,000, or 37%, over the balance at December
31, 2007. Deferred SmartMusic revenue represents the future revenue to be recorded on current
subscriptions.
SmartMusic has shown sustained growth since its launch. As of December 31, 2008, 9,185 schools
have purchased SmartMusic, an increase of 20% over the 7,641 schools that had purchased it as of
December 31, 2007. Total SmartMusic subscriptions as of December 31, 2008 number 106,584,
representing a net gain of 19,683, or 23%, over the December 31, 2007 subscription count of 86,901.
In April 2007, we launched SmartMusic Gradebook, a web-based service that is designed to
manage student assignments, recordings and grades while documenting the progress of each student
and assessing student achievement. With the release of SmartMusic Gradebook, we began tracking
teachers that use SmartMusic as well as the number of those teachers who are using SmartMusic
Gradebook to deliver and manage student assignments to 50 or more students (formerly Impact
teachers). As of December 31, 2008, we had 601 SmartMusic Gradebook teachers with an average of 28
student subscriptions per teacher. This is an annual statistic, counting only teachers who have
issued assignments to 50 or more students during a school fiscal year. Therefore, this is a gain of
601 SmartMusic Gradebook teachers during the second half of the year as the number of Gradebook
teachers restarts at zero on July 1 of each year to correspond with the start of the school year.
At December 31, 2007 we reported 357 Gradebook teachers with an average of 42 student subscriptions
per teacher. We believe that not enough teachers have actively utilized SmartMusic Gradebook to
reflect a significant growth rate in subscriptions as of December 31, 2008 and we continue to focus
specific marketing activities on SmartMusic and SmartMusic Gradebook, including development and
market introduction of training materials to facilitate teachers and students getting started with
our products. Additionally we intend to increase the focus of our direct sales force on existing
SmartMusic teachers that have not yet utilized the SmartMusic Gradebook in their curriculum and
anticipate continued growth in the number of new subscriptions in the future.
Many SmartMusic customers, especially new customers, also purchase accessories (primarily
microphones and foot pedals) that are used with the software. Revenue for the sales of accessories,
included in the SmartMusic revenue category, for the year ended December 31, 2008, was $955,000,
which was $183,000, or 24%, greater than revenue of $772,000 for SmartMusic accessories in the year
ended December 31, 2007. Accessory revenue represented 6% of total gross revenue and 23% of
SmartMusic revenue in 2008. The increase in accessory revenue in 2008 is due to the increase in
SmartMusic subscribers. Additionally, we increased the standard price of microphones from $15.00 to
$19.95 in January 2008. Because we expect continuing growth in the number of new SmartMusic
subscriptions, we also anticipate increases in the amount of revenue we receive from the sales of
accessories.
Gross profit.
Gross profit increased by $424,000 from $12,352,000 for the year ended December
31, 2007, to $12,776,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008, due to the increase in revenue.
Gross margin percentages decreased 1% primarily due to increased repertoire development
amortization costs as a result of our increased number of large ensemble titles and amortization on
SmartMusic Gradebook development costs which began in April 2007. Cost of revenue includes product
costs, royalties paid to publishers, amortization of capitalized notation, repertoire and
SmartMusic Gradebook software development costs, shipping, and credit card fees. Gross margin as a
percentage of revenue was approximately 84% and 85% for the periods ended December 31, 2008 and
2007, respectively.
Development expense.
Development expenses increased $355,000 from $4,278,000 in 2007 to
$4,633,000 in 2008. Development expenses consist primarily of internal payroll, payments to
independent contractors, and related expenses for the development of our Finale notation,
SmartMusic, and SmartMusic Gradebook products, as well as SmartMusic repertoire development,
business systems, and quality assurance.
21
Personnel and contract labor costs increased from the
prior year due to staff increases in order to achieve numerous product development goals related to
simplification of the SmartMusic enrollment and purchase processes. Additionally, our business
systems expenses increased due to the June 2008 completion of our server co-location project and
expansion of our systems infrastructure to support our anticipated SmartMusic subscription growth
and provide redundancy in our server infrastructure. We released 929 new SmartMusic large ensemble
band, jazz ensemble, and orchestra titles with pre-authored assignments in 2008 and anticipate
releasing additional titles in 2009. Net content development expenditures of $1,660,000 in 2008 and
$604,000 in 2007 related to this additional SmartMusic repertoire have been capitalized and are
being amortized over their estimated useful life of 5 years. In addition, during 2007, $108,000 of
development expenditures was capitalized that related to costs for the development of the
SmartMusic Gradebook application. There were no costs capitalized in 2008 for SmartMusic Gradebook.
We expect development expenses to slightly increase in 2009 due to the annualized impact of the
2008 headcount and server co-location expenses.
Selling and marketing expense.
Selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of marketing,
advertising and promotion expenses, business development and customer service activities, and
payroll. Selling and marketing expenses increased from $4,045,000 in 2007 to $4,318,000 in 2008.
This increase of $273,000, or 7%, is primarily related to costs associated with establishing a
direct sales force, promotional activities including SmartMusic marketing videos, development of
SmartMusic training materials and increased customer support costs as a result of our expanded
customer base. Some of these expenses were one-time expenses incurred in 2008. Although we will
continue to incur additional costs associated with our increased focus on existing SmartMusic
educators that have not yet utilized SmartMusic Gradebook in their curriculum and the ramp up of
promotional and public relations activities, we anticipate overall selling and marketing expenses
to stabilize in 2009.
General and administrative expense.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of
payroll and related expenses for executive and administrative personnel, professional services,
facility costs, bad debt, and other general corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses
decreased by $119,000, or 3%, from $3,504,000 in 2007 to $3,385,000 in 2008. General and
administrative costs decreased primarily as a result of a decrease to consulting expenses and by
decreases to payroll and benefits related expenses. Consulting expenses were higher in 2007 due to
Sarbanes Oxley 404 implementation and the adoption of FIN 48 which occurred in the first quarter of
2007. Partially offsetting these decreases were expenses recorded in the 4
th
quarter of
2008 of approximately $265,000 relating to severance and related costs due to the departure of our
founder and former co-Chief Executive Officer. We anticipate general and administrative expenses
will decline slightly in 2009 due to this staffing reduction.
Interest income and expense, net.
Net interest income was $96,000 for the year ended December
31, 2008, compared to $133,000 in net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2007. The
decrease in net interest income was due to lower interest rates during the year.
Income tax.
Due to operating losses, we recorded only the minimum taxes due for the years
ended December 31, 2008 and 2007. Because the Company could not currently determine that it is more
likely than not that the operating loss carry-forwards will be realized, there is no tax benefit
for loss carry-forwards from prior years reflected in the financial statements.
Liquidity and capital resources.
Cash flow from operating activities was $2,351,000 in the
year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $2,149,000 in the year ended December 31, 2007, an
increase of $202,000. The improvements in cash provided by operating activities are primarily a
result of the increase in SmartMusic subscriptions which increased deferred revenue and changes in
accrued liabilities. Actual cash used in operations is typically highest in the first and second
quarter, with the third and fourth quarters normally producing positive operating cash flow. These
quarterly fluctuations are created by the notation product release cycle and the cyclical impact of
sales to schools related to the school year fiscal calendar. Management expects to achieve positive
annual cash flow in the foreseeable future but not, necessarily, in each quarter. If we do not meet
our anticipated revenue levels due to economic conditions, a significantly later-than-anticipated
product release or a decrease in demand for our products, management has identified contingency
plans and is committed to expense reductions as necessary to ensure adequate cash levels remain to
continue funding operations. If further expense reductions do not offset this decrease in revenue,
we may have to seek
22
additional financing. There can be no assurances, however, that such financing will be
available under attractive terms or at all.
Our primary liquidity and capital requirements have been for investment in product
development. Cash used in investing activities was $2,043,000 in the year ended December 31, 2008,
compared to $926,000 in the year ended December 31, 2007. Current year expenditures were $359,000
for purchases of property and equipment and $1,684,000 for capitalization of software development,
primarily for Repertoire Development and SmartMusic Gradebook.
Cash provided by financing activities was $243,000 in the year ended December 31, 2008,
compared to $1,688,000 in the year ended December 31, 2007. This change is primarily due to stock
option and warrant activity. During 2008, $300,000 was received for the exercise of stock options
and warrants, versus $1,727,000 received in 2007. The majority of our outstanding warrants expired
on February 28, 2008. We do not expect any significant cash to be provided by the exercise of stock
options or warrants in 2009 due to our current stock price.
As of December 31, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6,592,000 and as of December 31,
2007, the balance was $6,041,000.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
As of December 31, 2008, our contractual cash obligations consist of future minimum lease
payments due under non-cancelable capital and operating leases as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Operating
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease
|
|
|
Lease
|
|
|
Total Lease
|
|
|
|
Obligations
|
|
|
Obligations
|
|
|
Obligations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
66
|
|
|
$
|
191
|
|
|
$
|
257
|
|
2010
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
2011
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
146
|
|
|
$
|
431
|
|
|
$
|
577
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From time to time we enter into purchase commitments with our suppliers under customary
purchase order terms. Any significant losses implicit in these contracts would be recognized in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. At December 31, 2008 no such losses
existed.
New accounting pronouncements.
Refer to Note 3 in our financial statements.
23
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
MakeMusic, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of MakeMusic, Inc. as of December 31, 2008,
and 2007 and the related statements of income, shareholders equity and cash flows for the years
then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of MakeMusic, Inc. as of December 31, 2008, and 2007 and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles.
We were not engaged to examine managements assertion about the effectiveness of MakeMusic,
Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 included in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K under the caption Managements Report on Internal Controls over Financial
Reporting and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion thereon.
/s/ McGladrey & Pullen LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
March 5, 2009
24
MakeMusic, Inc.
Balance Sheets
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
6,592
|
|
|
$
|
6,041
|
|
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $47 and $38 in
2008 and 2007, respectively)
|
|
|
1,397
|
|
|
|
1,491
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
465
|
|
|
|
332
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
293
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
8,747
|
|
|
|
8,075
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
|
730
|
|
Capitalized software products, net
|
|
|
2,631
|
|
|
|
1,418
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
3,630
|
|
|
|
3,630
|
|
Other non-current assets
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
15,691
|
|
|
|
13,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current portion of capital lease obligations
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
427
|
|
Accrued compensation
|
|
|
1,170
|
|
|
|
1,131
|
|
Other accrued liabilities
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
Post contract support
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
Reserve for product returns
|
|
|
382
|
|
|
|
365
|
|
Current portion of deferred rent
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
2,336
|
|
|
|
1,702
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
4,765
|
|
|
|
4,061
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
Deferred rent, net of current portion
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized shares 10,000,000
Issued and outstanding shares 4,635,529 and 4,517,803
in 2008 and 2007, respectively
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
65,716
|
|
|
|
65,017
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(54,951
|
)
|
|
|
(55,442
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
10,811
|
|
|
|
9,620
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders equity
|
|
$
|
15,691
|
|
|
$
|
13,882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
25
MakeMusic, Inc.
Statements of Income
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
|
|
|
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Notation revenue
|
|
$
|
10,289
|
|
|
$
|
10,980
|
|
SmartMusic revenue
|
|
|
4,070
|
|
|
|
2,900
|
|
Other revenue, primarily freight
|
|
|
797
|
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET REVENUE
|
|
|
15,156
|
|
|
|
14,580
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST OF REVENUES
|
|
|
2,380
|
|
|
|
2,228
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GROSS PROFIT
|
|
|
12,776
|
|
|
|
12,352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development expenses
|
|
|
4,633
|
|
|
|
4,278
|
|
Selling and marketing expenses
|
|
|
4,318
|
|
|
|
4,045
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
3,385
|
|
|
|
3,504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
12,336
|
|
|
|
11,827
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
|
652
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
491
|
|
|
$
|
650
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.11
|
|
|
$
|
0.16
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
0.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
4,620,651
|
|
|
|
4,164,544
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
4,779,235
|
|
|
|
4,464,585
|
|
See accompanying notes.
26
MakeMusic, Inc.
Statement of Shareholders Equity
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except shares)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
Paid-In
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
Shareholders
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Amount
|
|
Capital
|
|
Deficit
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2006
|
|
|
3,971,229
|
|
|
$
|
40
|
|
|
$
|
62,896
|
|
|
$
|
(56,092
|
)
|
|
$
|
6,844
|
|
|
Exercise of stock options and warrants
|
|
|
546,574
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
1,722
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,727
|
|
|
Compensation under FAS123(R)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
399
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
|
4,517,803
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
65,017
|
|
|
|
(55,442
|
)
|
|
|
9,620
|
|
|
Exercise of stock options and warrants
|
|
|
117,726
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
Compensation under FAS123(R)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
|
491
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
|
4,635,529
|
|
|
$
|
46
|
|
|
$
|
65,716
|
|
|
$
|
(54,951
|
)
|
|
$
|
10,811
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes.
27
MakeMusic, Inc.
Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
491
|
|
|
$
|
650
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
|
599
|
|
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
Noncash stock based compensation
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
|
399
|
|
Net changes in current assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(133
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
(80
|
)
|
Accrued liabilities and product returns
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
(107
|
)
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
634
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
2,351
|
|
|
|
2,149
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of property and equipment
|
|
|
(359
|
)
|
|
|
(214
|
)
|
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Capitalized development and other intangibles
|
|
|
(1,684
|
)
|
|
|
(713
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(2,043
|
)
|
|
|
(926
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from stock options and warrants exercised
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
1,727
|
|
Payments on capital leases
|
|
|
(57
|
)
|
|
|
(39
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
243
|
|
|
|
1,688
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
|
2,911
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
|
|
|
6,041
|
|
|
|
3,130
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
|
|
$
|
6,592
|
|
|
$
|
6,041
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
Income taxes paid
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Other non-cash investment and financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equipment acquired under capital lease
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
See accompanying notes.
28
Notes to Financial Statements
1. Description of Business
MakeMusic develops and markets proprietary music technology solutions under the
Finale
®
and SmartMusic
®
brands that enhance music learning and composition,
increase productivity and make practicing and performing music fun. Our innovative products provide
easy-to-use, efficient alternatives to traditional practice, education, and composition techniques.
Software product sales are made through traditional distribution channels and MakeMusics websites.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
Revenue for notation products is recognized when goods are shipped or delivered. SmartMusic
subscription revenue is recognized over the lives of the subscriptions. Software revenue is
primarily derived from the sale of off the shelf products, easily installed and used by the
customer. Software revenue is recognized in accordance with the AICPA SOP 97-2,
Software Revenue
Recognition
, when all of the following conditions are met: there is evidence of an agreement with
the customer (normally a purchase order), delivery has occurred, the total sales price is fixed and
determinable, collection is probable, and any uncertainties with regard to customer acceptance are
insignificant. For our bundled products, we recognize revenue based on the fair value of the
individual components.
Customers are entitled to a free upgrade if we launch a new version of a software product
within a specified period after a customer originally purchased their software. In this event, we
defer a portion of the sale price applicable to the upgrade for products sold within the upgrade
replacement window until such time that the upgrade is shipped.
When a new version of Finale is released, dealers retain the right to return any unsold
versions of the prior release (normally 10% of total prior year sales) in exchange for an equal
number of units of the updated version of the product that is returned. The history of these
returns is tracked and revenue is deferred based on the expected return rate until the new product
is released, at which time the product may be returned for credit provided the customer places an
equivalent (number of units) order for the new version.
Shipping and handling charges are accounted for in accordance with EITF No. 00-10,
Accounting
for Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs
, with all charges to customers for shipping and handling
included in revenues and all costs in cost of revenues. Net revenue for the years ended December
31, 2008, and 2007 includes $746,000 and $639,000 of shipping and handling revenue, respectively.
Cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 includes $470,000 and $436,000 of
shipping expense, respectively.
We record revenue net of any sales tax, use tax and value added tax.
Net Income Per Common Share
For years ended December 31, 2008, and 2007 diluted net income per common share was computed
by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year,
including potentially dilutive shares such as options and warrants to purchase shares of common
stock at various amounts per share (Note 5). The dilutive effect of the additional shares for the
years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was to increase the weighted average common shares
outstanding by 158,584 and 300,041 respectively.
29
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Segment Reporting
MakeMusic operates in one industry segment; the design, development, support, and marketing of
application software solutions to music educators, music-makers, and the music publishing industry.
Product distribution is carried out via the Internet as well as through a variety of strategic
partnerships and distribution networks in the United States and many foreign countries. See Note 10
for geographic data.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
At December 31, 2008, and 2007 the carrying values of current financial instruments such as
cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and capital lease obligations
approximated their market values based on the short-term maturities of these instruments. As of
December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had no short-term or long-term investments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of money market instruments with original maturities of 90 days or
less. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded for all credit sales at the time the products are shipped to
the customers. Credit terms for dealers and distributors are generally net 30 days and are granted
on the basis of credit references and payment history. Certain large volume dealers and
distributors are granted payment terms of 60 days. Schools submit purchase orders for shipments
with payment due in 30 days. Sales to individuals are paid prior to shipment with a credit card or
prepayment with the order. Payments not received within the agreed-upon terms are considered past
due.
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on bad debt history and
analysis of specific past due accounts. Analysis of the customers ability to pay includes contact
through statements, e-mail, and telephone as well as consideration of the customers payment
history. If the analysis indicates any customers are unlikely to pay, the accounts are written off
against the allowance for doubtful accounts, and if significant, sent to collections.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of weighted average cost or market, using the first-in
first-out (FIFO) method, and consist of finished products and components, net of a reserve for
obsolescence. An analysis of obsolescence reserves is conducted quarterly.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at their acquisition costs net of accumulated depreciation.
Depreciation is computed by using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the
purchased software (three years), computer equipment (three years), and furniture (five years).
Property and equipment held under capital leases are capitalized and depreciated over the
useful lives of the assets, in case of a contractual option to buy, or over the residual lives of
the lease contracts.
Capitalized Software Products
Capitalized software products consist of expenditures to develop software products for sale,
including repertoire software.
30
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Product development
Costs incurred in the development of software products are capitalized in accordance SFAS 86,
Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed
. The
Company periodically evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the
remaining balance of capitalized software development costs may not be recoverable.
Costs capitalized in accordance with SFAS 86 for the development of SmartMusic Gradebook
application as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, net of amortization and reserves were $332,000 and
$434,000 respectively. The capitalized amount represents costs of developing the SmartMusic
Gradebook interface to the SmartMusic application as technological feasibility had been established
through the successful selling of the core SmartMusic application. We periodically evaluate whether
events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining balance of capitalized software
development costs may not be recoverable.
As of December 31, 2008, and 2007, costs capitalized for the development of repertoire
software, net of amortization and reserves, were $2,299,000 and $972,000, respectively. The
capitalized amount represents costs of producing product masters for new songs as technological
feasibility had been established by the inclusion of solo repertoire in earlier SmartMusic
versions. When a large ensemble title is available for release, expenditures related to that title
are no longer capitalized and the capitalized cost of the title is amortized over a five-year
period using the straight-line method. We periodically evaluate whether events and circumstances
have occurred that indicate the remaining balance of capitalized repertoire development costs may
not be recoverable. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, amortization was $328,000 and
$180,000, respectively.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the cost in excess of fair value of the tangible and identified intangible
assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with SFAS 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
,
goodwill is not amortized but rather is reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of
MakeMusics fiscal year, or more often if indicators of impairment exist (see Note 4).
Patents and Trademarks
Costs associated with obtaining patents, trademarks and Internet domain names are capitalized
and are included in other non-current assets on the balance sheet. These costs are being amortized
from three to ten years depending on their estimated useful lives. Costs of maintaining patents and
trademarks after acquisition are expensed as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present
and the estimated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the
carrying value of the assets may require a reduction to their estimated fair value as measured by
the discounted cash flows or appraised values.
31
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Income Taxes
Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized
for deductible temporary differences and operating loss or tax credit carry-forwards and deferred
tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the
differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities recorded for income tax and financial
reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when management
determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will
not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax
laws and tax rates on the date of enactment.
Our provision for income taxes in 2008 and 2007 has been offset by a reduction in the deferred
tax valuation allowance. The only income tax expenses recorded during these periods were minimum
state income tax payments. Due to the uncertainty regarding the realization of our deferred income
tax assets and specifically net operating loss carry-forwards, we have recorded a valuation
allowance against our deferred income tax assets at both December 31, 2008 and 2007. The potential
decrease or increase of the valuation allowance in the near term is dependent on our future ability
to realize the deferred tax assets that are affected by the future profitability of MakeMusic.
On January 1, 2007, we implemented FASB Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for the Uncertainty
in Income Taxes an Interpretation of FASB Statement 109 (FIN 48),
which clarifies the
accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. This Interpretation provides that the tax effects from
an uncertain tax position can be recognized in our financial statements only if the position is
more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position.
The provisions of FIN 48 were effective as of the beginning of fiscal 2007, with the cumulative
effect of the change in accounting principle, if any, recorded as an adjustment to opening retained
earnings. We completed our review of uncertain tax positions during the quarter ended March 31,
2007, and recorded a FIN 48 reserve of $2,962,000, all of which related to deferred tax assets that
are fully reserved for financial reporting purposes. Due to the reduction in our deferred tax asset
valuation allowance offsetting the FIN 48 reserve, the adoption of FIN 48 did not result in an
adjustment to opening retained earnings. During 2007 our FIN 48 reserve was increased by $171,000
to $3,133,000 as a result of tax positions taken in the current year.
The following table illustrates the change in our FIN 48 during the year ended December 31,
2008 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2008
|
|
$
|
3,133
|
|
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
|
|
|
93
|
|
Additions for tax positions of prior years
|
|
|
7
|
|
Reductions for tax provisions of prior years
|
|
|
(91
|
)
|
Settlements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
3,142
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and penalties related to any uncertain tax positions would be accounted for as a
long-term liability with the corresponding expense being charged to current period non-operating
expenses. As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we have recognized no liability related to
interest and penalties. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would
affect our effective tax rate is zero based on the fact that we currently have a full reserve
against our unrecognized tax benefits.
As of December 31, 2008, there are no open positions for which the unrecognized tax benefits
will significantly increase or decrease during the next twelve months. Additionally, tax years
still open for examination by federal and state agencies as of December 31, 2008, are 2004 to 2008.
32
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Stock-Based Compensation
A stock-based compensation plan is currently offered to MakeMusic employees, board members,
and consultants. This plan is administered by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors,
which recommends to the Board persons eligible to receive awards and the number of shares and/or
options subject to each award, the terms, conditions, performance measures, and other provisions of
the award. Readers should refer to Note 5 for additional information related to our stock-based
compensation plans.
The Company accounts for share based payments in accordance with SFAS 123(R) which applies to
awards granted in 2006 and thereafter and to awards that were outstanding on January 1, 2006, that
are subsequently modified, repurchased, or cancelled. Compensation cost recognized in 2008 and 2007
includes compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of
January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original
provisions of SFAS 123, and compensation cost for all share-based payments granted subsequent to
January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS 123(R).
Stock compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, was $400,000 and
$399,000 respectively.
During 2008 and 2007 we used the Black-Scholes option pricing models to estimate the fair
value of stock-based awards with the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
0.74
|
%
|
|
|
4.5
|
%
|
Expected life, in years
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
3.5
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
79.57
|
%
|
|
|
83.23
|
%
|
Dividend yield
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
|
|
0.00
|
%
|
Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our share price for the period
prior to option grant equivalent to the expected life of the options. The expected term is based on
managements estimate of when the option will be exercised which is generally consistent with the
vesting period. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option
is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
33
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Advertising and Promotion
Product costs for promotional samples are classified in the statement of income as sales and
marketing expense. Costs associated with the purchase of tradeshow booths and equipment are
included in capitalized property and equipment and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
All other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Sales and marketing expenses include
advertising expense of $1,169,000 and $1,039,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Deferred Rent
Rent expense is recognized on a straight line basis over the terms of the leases. The
difference between rent expense recognized on the straight line basis and rent actually paid under
the terms of the lease agreements is recorded as a deferred rent liability in the accompanying
balance sheet.
Use of Estimates
Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related revenues and expenses. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
3. New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, FASB issued SFAS 157,
Fair Value Measurements
. This statement defines fair
value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting
principles (GAAP). More precisely, this statement sets forth a standard definition of fair value as
it applies to assets or liabilities, the principal market (or most advantageous market) for
determining fair value (price), the market participants, inputs and the application of the derived
fair value to those assets and liabilities. We adopted FASB Statement 157 during the first quarter
of 2008. There has been no impact on our financial statements as a result of adoption.
In February 2007, FASB issued SFAS 159,
The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities
. This statement allows all entities to choose, at specified election dates,
to measure eligible items at fair value. Under this option, an entity will report unrealized gains
and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings. We adopted FASB
Statement 159 during the first quarter of 2008 and have not elected the permitted fair value
measurement provisions of this statement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R),
Business Combinations
, which replaces FASB
Statement No. 141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes
and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed,
any non- controlling interest in an acquiree and the goodwill acquired. The Statement also
establishes disclosure requirements that will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial
effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2009.
We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 141R on our financial statements.
34
3. New Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51. SFAS 160 introduces significant changes in the
accounting and reporting for business acquisitions and noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary.
SFAS 160 also changes the accounting and reporting for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. We are
required to adopt this standard for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2009, and the adoption
of this standard will have no impact on our financial statements.
4. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information
Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Components
|
|
$
|
391
|
|
|
$
|
347
|
|
Finished goods
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
Reserve for obsolescence
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
|
|
(80
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
465
|
|
|
$
|
332
|
|
|
|
|
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consists of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Computer equipment and software
|
|
$
|
2,458
|
|
|
$
|
2,804
|
|
Office furniture and other
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
619
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,115
|
|
|
|
3,423
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(2,442
|
)
|
|
|
(2,693
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
673
|
|
|
$
|
730
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expense for years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $416,000 and $344,000
respectively.
Certain equipment has been financed through capital lease contracts. Leased property and
equipment includes $232,000 of gross assets held as capital leases during 2008 and 2007 which had
accumulated depreciation of $62,000 and $40,000 as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
35
4. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Continued)
Capitalized Software Products
Capitalized software products are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Repertoire development
|
|
$
|
3,467
|
|
|
$
|
1,813
|
|
Software translation
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
|
125
|
|
SmartMusic website
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
SmartMusic Impact development
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
|
511
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,564
|
|
|
|
2,922
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(1,933
|
)
|
|
|
(1,504
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,631
|
|
|
$
|
1,418
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization expense related to the capitalized software was $471,000 and $249,000 for the
years ended December 31, 2008, and 2007, respectively. Of the $2,631,000 in capitalized software as
of December 31, 2008, $674,000 is for repertoire development in progress that has not yet been
released into a current product. When the content that is currently in development is released into
current product from time to time, these additional amounts will also be amortized over five years
on a straight-line basis. The estimated future amortization expense for existing capitalized
software is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
613
|
|
2010
|
|
|
613
|
|
2011
|
|
|
613
|
|
2012
|
|
|
495
|
|
2013
|
|
|
297
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,631
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill
Goodwill of $3,630,000 resulted from a reverse merger in 2000. On an annual basis, we analyze
the value of goodwill by comparing our market value to book equity as an indication of whether any
impairment may have occurred. Our impairment analyses for years ended December 31, 2008, and 2007
indicated no impairment had occurred in either year.
Other Non-current Assets
Other non-current assets, net, consist of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Patents and trademarks
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
Prepaid royalties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
36
4. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Continued)
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue is composed of the unearned portion of SmartMusic subscriptions lasting more
than one month, deferrals of Finale notation revenue for free upgrades granted to customers
purchasing Finale immediately prior to release of a new version, Finale maintenance agreements,
deposits for commission on sheet music revenue sold by partners that received referrals from the
MakeMusic websites, and deposits for royalties earned from partners incorporating MakeMusic
products into their sales items.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Deferred SmartMusic subscription revenue
|
|
$
|
2,235
|
|
|
$
|
1,630
|
|
Deferred notation revenue
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
Deposits
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,336
|
|
|
$
|
1,702
|
|
|
|
|
Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities are composed of accrued royalties and other miscellaneous accrued
expenses as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Accrued royalties
|
|
$
|
56
|
|
|
$
|
40
|
|
Accrued general expenses
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
272
|
|
|
$
|
184
|
|
|
|
|
5. Shareholders Equity
Stock Options and Warrants
The Company has a Stock Option Plan (the 2003 Plan) pursuant to which options for up to
1,500,000 shares of its common stock may be issued to its key employees and directors. Under the
2003 Plan, the options generally may not exceed 10 years and are granted at prices that must be
equal to or more than the stocks fair market value at the grant date. The Companys previous stock
option plan (the 1992 Plan) expired September 28, 2002, which allowed up to 267,500 shares of its
common stock to be issued to key employees and directors. Under the 1992 Plan, all options vest
over periods of up to six years and were granted at prices that must be at least equal to the
stocks fair market value at the grant date. There were 659,055 options outstanding under the 2003
plan and 800 options outstanding under the 1992 plan as of December 31, 2008.
37
5. Shareholders Equity (Continued)
The following table represents stock option activity for the twelve months ended December 31,
2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Reserved for
|
|
|
Plan
|
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
|
Grant
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Contract Life
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
55,160
|
|
|
|
712,768
|
|
|
$
|
4.34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized
|
|
|
550,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
(274,500
|
)
|
|
|
274,500
|
|
|
$
|
3.98
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired
|
|
|
29,000
|
|
|
|
(44,410
|
)
|
|
$
|
5.33
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
276,003
|
|
|
|
(276,003
|
)
|
|
$
|
3.46
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,000
|
)
|
|
$
|
3.55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
635,663
|
|
|
|
659,855
|
|
|
$
|
4.50
|
|
|
2.3 Years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
497,390
|
|
|
$
|
4.09
|
|
|
1.9 Years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2008 and 2007 (computed using the
Black-Scholes method) was $1.36 and $3.57, respectively.
The following summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Range of Exercise Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Exercisable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Contractual Life
|
|
Exercise
|
|
Number
|
|
Exercise
|
From
|
|
to
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
(in Years)
|
|
Price
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Price
|
|
$ 0.00
|
|
to
|
|
$
|
2.27
|
|
|
|
265,000
|
|
|
|
1.31
|
|
|
$
|
2.27
|
|
|
|
240,160
|
|
|
$
|
2.27
|
|
$ 2.27
|
|
to
|
|
$
|
3.50
|
|
|
|
41,729
|
|
|
|
1.69
|
|
|
$
|
2.35
|
|
|
|
41,729
|
|
|
$
|
2.35
|
|
$ 3.51
|
|
to
|
|
$
|
6.00
|
|
|
|
232,295
|
|
|
|
2.36
|
|
|
$
|
5.66
|
|
|
|
149,795
|
|
|
$
|
5.58
|
|
$ 6.01
|
|
to
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
84,833
|
|
|
|
4.68
|
|
|
$
|
6.96
|
|
|
|
44,708
|
|
|
$
|
7.56
|
|
$10.01
|
|
to
|
|
$
|
11.00
|
|
|
|
35,998
|
|
|
|
4.64
|
|
|
$
|
10.21
|
|
|
|
20,998
|
|
|
$
|
10.25
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
659,855
|
|
|
|
2.32
|
|
|
$
|
4.50
|
|
|
|
497,390
|
|
|
$
|
4.09
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2008, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding was $70,000 and the
aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was $64,000. Total intrinsic value of options
exercised during 2008 was $38,000. At December 31, 2008, there was $447,000 of unrecognized
compensation cost related to nonvested share-based payments which is expected to be recognized over
a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
There were no new warrants issued during 2008 or 2007. Total warrants of 30,083 at a weighted
average exercise price of $3.34 are outstanding at December 31, 2008, all of which are exercisable.
The warrants expire as follows:
2010 15,083
2011 15,000
38
5. Shareholders Equity (Continued)
During fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, a total of 110,726 warrants were exercised at an
average exercise price of $2.48. During fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, warrants totaling
46,432 expired. There were no warrants that expired during fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
6. Commitments
Capital Lease Obligations
Future minimum lease payments under capital lease obligations due for the years ending
December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
66
|
|
2010
|
|
|
60
|
|
2011
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
|
|
146
|
|
Less amount representing interest
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present value of net minimum lease payments
|
|
|
132
|
|
Less current portion
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term portion
|
|
$
|
76
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Leases
The Company leases office and warehouse space and certain equipment under operating leases.
Total future minimum lease payments, excluding common area charges, under these leases as of
December 31, 2008, are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
191
|
|
2010
|
|
|
192
|
|
2011
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
431
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rent expense, including common area maintenance expense for the years ended December 31, 2008,
and 2007 was $258,000 and $232,000, respectively.
7. 401(k) Savings Plan
The Company has a 401(k) savings plan for the benefit of qualified employees. Under the plan,
qualified employees may elect to defer up to 80% of their compensation, subject to a limit
determined by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company, at the discretion of the Board of
Directors, may elect to make additional discretionary contributions. The Company made no
contributions to the plan in 2008 or 2007.
39
8. Income Taxes
The tax effects of temporary differences for 2008 and 2007 at an assumed effective annual rate
of 36% (combined federal rate and state tax rate) for both years are shown in the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss carry-forwards
|
|
$
|
6,810
|
|
|
$
|
7,027
|
|
Research and development credits
|
|
|
1,055
|
|
|
|
1,033
|
|
Inventory
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
823
|
|
|
|
590
|
|
Software development and prepaid royalties
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
|
386
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
AMT credit carryforward
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
|
|
|
(8,467
|
)
|
|
|
(8,791
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
$
|
949
|
|
|
|
547
|
|
Deferred tax liability:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Software development costs
|
|
|
949
|
|
|
|
547
|
|
Net deferred taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient future
taxable income. Management has determined that sufficient uncertainty exists regarding
realizability of the net deferred tax assets and has provided a valuation allowance against all of
the net deferred tax assets.
A reconciliation of the income tax expense computed using the U.S. statutory rate (34%) to the
effective income tax expense included in the statements of income is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
Income tax expense computed at the statutory rate
|
|
$
|
169
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
State tax expense, net of calculated federal income tax effects
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
Change in deferred tax rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
True up of NOL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
R&D Credits
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(171
|
)
|
Change in Valuation Allowance
|
|
|
(324
|
)
|
|
|
(275
|
)
|
Permanent differences
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
Other
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40
8. Income Taxes (Continued)
Net Operating Losses
At December 31, 2008, we had net operating loss carry-forwards (NOLs) and research and
development credit carry-forwards which may be used to offset otherwise future taxable income with
the following expiration dates (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and
|
|
|
Net Operating Loss
|
|
Development Credits
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
90
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2,072
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2,192
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
2012
|
|
|
1,736
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
2018
|
|
|
770
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
2019
|
|
|
1,472
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
2020
|
|
|
4,414
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021
|
|
|
3,037
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
2022
|
|
|
1,375
|
|
|
|
116
|
|
2023
|
|
|
2,056
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
2024
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
2026
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
2027
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
2028
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
19,124
|
|
|
$
|
1,054
|
|
|
|
|
Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code restricts the annual utilization of NOLs incurred
prior to a change in ownership. Such a change in ownership occurred in connection with the Coda
reverse merger, thereby potentially restricting the NOLs available. We have yet to determine
whether any limitation on these NOLs exists at December 31, 2008.
9. Litigation
In the ordinary course of business, we may be party to legal actions, proceedings, or claims.
Corresponding costs are accrued when it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount can
be precisely or reasonably estimated. We are currently not aware of any threatened or actual
litigation that would have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
10. Segment and Geographic Data
We operate in one industry segment: the design, development, support, and marketing of
application solutions to music educators, music-makers, and the music publishing industry. We
provide the technologies, products, and services to optimize the entire music-maker supply chain.
41
10. Segment and Geographic Data (Continued)
All of our long-lived assets are located in North America. The geographic distribution of our
revenues is summarized in the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
Net sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America
|
|
$
|
12,775
|
|
|
$
|
11,928
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
1,334
|
|
|
|
1,468
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
|
723
|
|
Other foreign countries
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
15,156
|
|
|
$
|
14,580
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11. Liquidity
Net cash provided by operating activities was $2,403,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008,
compared to $2,149,000 provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2007. We
expect to continue to generate positive operating cash flow in the foreseeable future, but not
necessarily every quarter. If we do not meet our anticipated revenue levels due to economic
conditions, a significantly later-than-anticipated notation product release or a decrease in demand
for our products, management is committed to expense reductions in sales, marketing, and other
areas as necessary to ensure adequate cash levels remain to continue funding operations. If further
expense reductions do not offset such a decrease in revenue, we may have to seek additional
financing. However, there can be no assurances that such financing will be available on attractive
terms or at all.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
ITEM 9A(T). CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and
reported within the timelines specified in the Securities and Exchange Commissions rules and
forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures,
management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated,
can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching
a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in
evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) as of the
end of the period covering this report. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to
provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are
filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within
the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commissions rules and forms and that our
disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed
in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our
management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
42
Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal control over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the
supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and effected by our Board
of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies
and procedures that:
(1) Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
(2) Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with
authorization of our management and directors; and
(3) Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting cannot provide
absolute assurance of preventing and detecting misstatements on a timely basis. Internal control
over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject
to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial
reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. In addition,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that
controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
policies or procedures may deteriorate. However, these inherent limitations are known features of
the financial reporting process. It is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce,
though not eliminate, the risk that misstatements are not prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial
reporting for the Company.
Management has used the framework set forth in the report entitled Internal Control-Integrated
Framework published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, known
as COSO, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on
this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over
financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation and presentation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public
accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Managements report was not
subject to attestation by the Companys independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to
temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only
managements report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Controls
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most
recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect,
our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
All information required to be reported in a report on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of
the year covered by this report has been reported.
43
On January 28, 2009, pursuant to a recommendation by the Compensation Committee, the Board of
Directors further amended the cash director fees under our existing Board Compensation Plan, which
was adopted February 15, 2007 and amended January 31, 2008. During 2009, each non-employee director
who is not otherwise being compensated by MakeMusic shall be paid a cash fee of $5,000 per calendar
quarter for board membership. In addition, a director serving as a chairperson of the board of
directors or one or more committees of the board of directors shall be paid an additional $2,500
per calendar quarter. The full text of the Board Compensation Plan is attached as Exhibit 10.6 to
this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference herein.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The names and ages of the executive officers of MakeMusic and their positions and offices
presently held are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Position
|
Ronald B. Raup
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
Chief Executive Officer
|
Karen L. VanDerBosch
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|
Ronald B. Raup,
is the Companys Chief Executive Officer, serving in that position since November
24, 2008. From December 6, 2007 to November 24, 2008, he served as co-Chief Executive Officer and
has served as President, Chief Operating Officer and director since October 2006. Prior to that,
Mr. Raup served as Chief Marketing Officer from September 2005 until October 2006, and as a member
of our Board of Directors from September 2004 until September 2005. Mr. Raup has more than thirty
years of experience in the music product industry. From 2003 through 2005, Mr. Raup served as Vice
President-Piano Division of Brook Mays Music Company, the largest full-line music product retailer
in the United States. In addition to his three-year term as Vice President, Mr. Raup also served as
Chief Operating Officer for Brook Mays from 1999 through 2002. From 1995 to 1999, he was employed
at MakeMusic as our President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Raup has also served as Senior Vice
President of Marketing and Sales at Yamaha Corporation of America, the largest music products
company in the world. He also served on Yamahas Board of Directors. Mr. Raup has served on
various industry boards including NAMM, the International Music Products Association, and the World
Economic Summit.
Karen L. VanDerBosch,
joined MakeMusic as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in December
2006. Ms. VanDerBosch was most recently the CFO of Sagebrush Corporation, a privately held
developer of library automation software, and services, analytical software and book re-binder for
the K-12 education market. Ms. VanDerBosch previously served as CFO for KB Gear Interactive, a
privately held developer and marketer of interactive digital devices and applications serving
retail markets. Her extensive background in manufacturing and technology industries also included
CFO positions at EMPAK Inc. and the publicly traded Fieldworks Inc.
Additional information required by Item 10 relating to directors, compliance with Section
16(a) of the Exchange Act, and code of ethics is incorporated herein by reference to the sections
labeled Election of Directors, Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance, and
Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, that appear in the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2009
Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
44
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item 11 is contained in the section entitled Executive
Compensation in the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Such
information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
The information required by this Item 12 regarding security ownership of certain holders is
contained in the section entitled Principal Shareholders and Management Shareholdings that
appears in the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Such
information is incorporated herein by reference.
The following table provides information concerning our equity compensation plans as of
December 31, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of securities remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
available for future issuance
|
|
|
Number of securities to be
|
|
Weighted average
|
|
under equity compensation
|
|
|
issued upon exercise of
|
|
exercise price of
|
|
plans (excluding securities
|
|
|
outstanding options.
|
|
outstanding options.
|
|
reflected in column (a))
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
(b)
|
|
(c)
|
Equity compensation
plans approved by
security holders
|
|
|
659,855
|
|
|
$
|
4.50
|
|
|
|
330,660
|
|
Totals
|
|
|
659,855
|
|
|
$
|
4.50
|
|
|
|
330,660
|
|
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item 13 is contained in the sections entitled Election of
Directors and Certain Transactions and Business Relationships that appear in the definitive
Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Such information is incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item 14 is contained in the section entitled Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm, Audit Fees that appears in the definitive Proxy Statement for
our 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
45
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
|
|
Documents filed as part of this report.
|
|
(1)
|
|
Financial Statements. The following financial statements are included in Part II,
Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
|
|
|
|
|
Report of McGladrey & Pullen LLP on Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for
the periods ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity for the periods ended December 31, 2008 and
2007
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
Financial Statement Schedules. The following consolidated financial statement
schedules are included in Item 8: Not applicable.
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
Exhibits. See Exhibit Index to Form 10-K immediately following the signature page
of this Form 10-K for a description of the documents that are filed as Exhibits to this
report or incorporated by reference herein.
|
46
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has caused this
Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
MakeMusic, Inc.
|
|
Dated: March 6, 2009
|
By:
|
/s/ Ronald B. Raup
|
|
|
|
Ronald B. Raup, Chief Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this Report has been signed by the following persons on
behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
(Power of Attorney)
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Ronald B. Raup and Karen L.
VanDerBosch as true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, with full power of
substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all
capacities, to sign any or all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same,
with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power
and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in
and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person,
hereby ratifying and confirming all said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, or his
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.
|
|
|
Signature and Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
/s/ Ronald B. Raup
|
|
|
Ronald B. Raup, Chief Executive Officer and Director
|
|
March 6,
2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Karen L. VanDerBosch
|
|
|
Karen L. VanDerBosch, Chief Financial Officer
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Jeffrey A. Koch
|
|
|
Jeffrey A. Koch, Chairman of the Board, Director
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Michael E. Cahr
|
|
|
Michael E. Cahr, Director
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Keith A. Fenhaus
|
|
|
Keith A. Fenhaus, Director
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Robert Morrison
|
|
|
Robert Morrison, Director
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Graham Richmond
|
|
|
Graham Richmond, Director
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
|
|
|
/s/ Michael R. Skinner
|
|
|
Michael R. Skinner, Director
|
|
March 6, 2009
|
47
MAKEMUSIC, INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX FOR
FORM 10-K FOR 2008 FISCAL YEAR
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
Restated Articles of Incorporation as amended incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the
Registrants Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2006
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
Bylaws as amended incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Form 8-K dated
December 6, 2007
|
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of specimen certificate representing common stock of MakeMusic, Inc. incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrants Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
10.1*
|
|
MakeMusic 2003 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through November 24, 2008 filed herewith
|
|
|
|
10.2*
|
|
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the MakeMusic 2003 Equity Incentive Plan -
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrants Form 10-KSB for the year ended
December 31, 2004
|
|
|
|
10.3*
|
|
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the MakeMusic 2003 Equity Incentive Plan -
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Registrants Form 10-KSB for the year ended
December 31, 2004
|
|
|
|
10.4*
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the MakeMusic 2003 Equity Incentive Plan filed herewith
|
|
|
|
10.5*
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the MakeMusic 2003 Equity Incentive Plan filed
herewith
|
|
|
|
10.6*
|
|
Board Compensation Plan effective February 15, 2007, as amended January 31, 2008 and as further
amended January 28, 2009 filed herewith
|
|
|
|
10.7*
|
|
Employment Agreement dated February 26, 2007 between the Registrant and Ronald B. Raup -
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Form 8-K dated February 26, 2007
|
|
|
|
10.8*
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement between the Registrant and John W. Paulson incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
2008
|
|
|
|
10.9*
|
|
Separation Agreement effective December 31, 2008 between the Registrant and John W. Paulson -
filed herewith
|
|
|
|
10.10*
|
|
2008 Executive Compensation Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
23.1
|
|
Consent of McGladrey & Pullen LLP, independent registered public accounting firm filed herewith
|
|
|
|
24.1
|
|
Power of Attorney (included on the Signatures page of this Form 10-K)
|
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 filed herewith
|
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 filed herewith
|
|
|
|
32.1
|
|
Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 filed herewith
|
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 filed herewith
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an
exhibit to this Form 10-K.
|
48
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