UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 40-F/A

(Amendment No. 1)

 

¨REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(a) OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

 

Commission file number: 001-35617

 

 

Sandstorm Gold Ltd.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

British Columbia, Canada   1041   Not Applicable
(Province or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification
Code Number)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

Suite 1400, 400 Burrard Street
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3A6
(604) 689-0234

 

(Address and Telephone Number of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

 

C T Corporation System
111 Eighth Avenue
New York, New York 10011
(212) 590-9070

 

(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code) of
agent for service in the United States)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class:   Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered:
Common Shares, no par value   NYSE MKT LLC; Toronto Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: Common Share Purchase Warrants, expiring November 3, 2020.

 

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this form:

 

x  Annual Information Form   x  Audited Annual Financial Statements

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 128,880,314 (as of December 31, 2015)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  x Yes  ¨ No

  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).  ¨ Yes  ¨ No

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE 

 

Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (the “Company” or the “Registrant”) is a Canadian issuer eligible to file its annual report pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), on Form 40-F pursuant to the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system of the Exchange Act.  The Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act.  Equity securities of the Company are accordingly exempt from Sections 14(a), 14(b), 14(c), 14(f) and 16 of the Exchange Act pursuant to Rule 3a12-3.

 

The Company is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 40-F/A (“Amendment No. 1”) to its Annual Report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2015 originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2016 (the “Original Form 40-F”) in order to:

 

1. Revise the discussion under the heading “Controls and Procedures” in the Original Form 40-F regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015.

 

2. Revise the discussion under the headings “Disclosure Controls and Procedures” and “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 (the “MD&A”) regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. The MD&A was originally filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Original Form 40-F and formed part of the Annual Report for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 (the “Annual Report”). Because Exhibit 99.2 also included the Company’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 in the Annual Report filed with the Original Form 40-F, such financial statements are again included in the revised Exhibit 99.2 to this Amendment No. 1. Such financial statements are identical to those filed as part of Exhibit 99.2 in the Original Form 40-F.

 

This Amendment No. 1 includes the revised Form 40-F, the revised Exhibit 99.2, new certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and a new consent from Deloitte LLP in respect of the independent auditor’s March 30, 2016 reports.

 

Except as set forth above, this Amendment No. 1 does not modify or update any other disclosures in the Original Form 40-F. The disclosures in this Amendment No. 1 do not reflect events occurring after the date of the Original Form 40-F. Accordingly, this Amendment No. 1 should be read in conjunction with the Registrant’s other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission subsequent to the filing of the Original Form 40-F, as information in such filings may update or supersede certain information contained in those filings as well as in this Amendment No. 1.

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This annual report on Form 40-F and the exhibits attached hereto and incorporated herein may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Exchange Act, the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”) or in releases made by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), all as may be amended from time to time.  Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company or industry results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

 

Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “might,” “seeks,” “budget”, “scheduled to” or other similar words, or the negative of these terms or other variations of these terms or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws. The Company cautions investors that any forward-looking statements made by the Company are not guarantees or indicative of future performance. Important assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements with respect to the Company include, without limitation: the impact of general business and economic conditions; the absence of control over mining operations from which Sandstorm Gold will purchase gold and other metals or from which it will receive royalty payments and risks related to those mining operations, including risks related to international operations, government and environmental regulation, delays in mine construction and operations, actual results of mining and current exploration activities, conclusions of economic evaluations and changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; problems inherent to the marketability of gold and other precious and non-precious metals; industry conditions, including fluctuations in the price of the primary commodities mined at such operations, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and fluctuations in interest rates; government entities interpreting existing tax legislation or enacting new tax legislation in a way which adversely affects Sandstorm Gold; stock market volatility; competition; as well as those factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “AIF”) attached as Exhibit 99.1  to this annual report on Form 40-F and incorporated by reference herein.

 

Forward-looking information in this annual report on Form 40-F and the exhibits attached hereto include, among other things, disclosure regarding: Sandstorm Gold’s existing 132 Gold Streams plus its royalties, of which 19 of the underlying mines are producing, as well as its future outlook and the mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates for the Santa Elena Mine, Chapada Mine and the Diavik Mine (each, as defined in Exhibit 99.1). Forward-looking information is based on assumptions management believes to be reasonable, including but not limited to the continued operation of the mining operations from which Sandstorm Gold will purchase gold and other precious metals, no material adverse change in the market price of commodities, that the mining operations will operate in accordance with their public statements and achieve their stated production outcomes, and such other assumptions and factors as set out therein.

 

Although the Company believes that its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from a projection or assumption in any of its forward-looking statements. The Company’s future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and inherent risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. The forward-looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 40-F are made only as of the date hereof.  The forward-looking statements contained in the exhibits incorporated by reference into this annual report on Form 40-F are made only as of the respective dates set forth in such exhibits.  The Company does not have, or undertake, any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law.

 

1 

 

 

NOTE TO UNITED STATES READERS -
DIFFERENCES IN UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN REPORTING PRACTICES

 

The Company is permitted, under a multi-jurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States, to prepare this annual report on Form 40-F in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements, which are different from those of the United States.  The Company is also subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards.

 

The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, including the report of the independent registered public accounting firm with respect thereto.  Consequently, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to those prepared by U.S. companies.  The Company’s audited financial statements (“Audited Financial Statements”) and the Company’s management’s discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “MD&A”) are included in the Annual Report of the Company (the “Annual Report”) which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F.

 

CURRENCY

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts in this annual report on Form 40-F are in United States dollars.  The exchange rate of United States dollars into Canadian dollars, on December 31, 2015 based upon the noon rate as published by the Bank of Canada, was U.S. $1.00=CDN$ 1.3840.  The exchange rate of United States dollars into Canadian dollars, on March 29, 2016 based upon the noon rate as published by the Bank of Canada, was U.S. $1.00=CDN$1.3154.

 

RESOURCE AND RESERVE ESTIMATES

 

The Company’s AIF, attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form 40-F, and the Annual Report, attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the securities laws in effect in Canada, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws.  Unless otherwise indicated, all resource and reserve estimates included in the AIF and the Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (“CIM”) - Definition Standards adopted by CIM Council (the “CIM Definition Standards”) which were incorporated by reference in the Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”) which is a rule developed by Canadian Securities Administrators that established standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects.  The terms “mineral reserve”, “proven mineral reserve” and “probable mineral reserve” are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with NI 43-101 and the CIM standards.  These definitions differ from the definitions in SEC Industry Guide 7 (“SEC Industry Guide 7”) under the Securities Act. 

 

In addition, the terms “mineral resource”, “measured mineral resource”, “indicated mineral resource” and “inferred mineral resource” are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101 and the CIM standards; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves.  “Inferred mineral resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility.  It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.  Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or legally mineable.  Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.

 

Accordingly, information contained in this annual report on Form 40-F and the portions of documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of the Company’s mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

2 

 

 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

At the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 40-F, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 40-F, as a result of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that: (i) information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the SEC under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and (ii) material information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act was accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate, to allow for accurate and timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in National Instrument 52-109 in Canada and in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

The Company’s management, including its CEO and CFO, does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.

 

Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 

With the participation of the CEO and CFO, management conducted an evaluation of the design and operation of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, following the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). This evaluation included review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design effectiveness of controls, testing of the operating effectiveness of controls and a conclusion on this evaluation. In connection with the assessment, management identified a material weakness relating to the review control over the impairment of long-lived assets and because of this material weakness management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness could have resulted in a material misstatement related to the understatement of impairment expense and overstatement of mineral interests in the annual consolidated financial statement as at and for the year ended December 31, 2015. These misstatements were corrected prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements and therefore, there were no misstatements in the Company’s current or prior period consolidated financial statements. The Company has certified the above in its annual filings with both the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 40-F as required by the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act and with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. In response to the identified material weakness, management is taking specific actions to address the material weakness. The enhancements included the following: (i) the Company had hired an additional resource to assist in its evaluation of the Company’s financial reporting; and (ii) the Company has engaged an external search firm to assist in the hiring of a further additional resource to assist in the documentation and review of its internal controls. Remediation will require that changed or new controls operate for a sufficient period of time such that effectiveness of those changes is demonstrated with an appropriate amount of consistency. As the Company implements these plans, management may determine that additional steps may be necessary.

 

3 

 

 

Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting (the “Report”) is included with the Audited Financial Statements which are included in the Annual Report attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F.

 

Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 included with the Audited Financial Statements which are included in the Annual Report attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Other than as disclosed above, during the period covered by this annual report on Form 40-F, no changes occurred in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

REGULATION BTR

 

The Company was not required by Rule 104 of Regulation BTR to send any notice to its directors and executive officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 concerning any equity security subject to a blackout period under Rule 101 of Regulation BTR.

 

AUDIT COMMITTEE

 

Identification

 

The Company has a separately-designated standing Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act.  The Audit Committee is comprised of three individuals: David E. De Witt (Chair), John P.A. Budreski, and Andrew T. Swarthout.  In the opinion of the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”), each of the members of the Audit Committee is financially sophisticated and independent, as such terms are defined by the NYSE MKT listing standards applicable to the Company and as determined under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

 

Audit Committee Financial Experts

 

The Board has determined that each of John P.A. Budreski, David E. De Witt and Andrew T. Swarthout is an audit committee financial expert under the applicable criteria prescribed by the NYSE MKT and the SEC in the general instructions of Form 40-F.

 

The SEC has indicated that the designation of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not make such person an “expert” for any purpose, impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than those imposed on such person as a member of the Audit Committee and Board in the absence of such designation, or affect the duties, obligations or liability of any other member of the Audit Committee or Board.

 

Audit Committee Charter

 

The Company’s audit committee charter is attached as an exhibit to the AIF, available for review on the Company’s website at www.sandstormgold.com and in print without charge to any shareholder that provides the Company with a written request addressed to the Company’s Corporate Secretary.

 

4 

 

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Company’s Board has adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company.  The Code addresses the items required to be included in a “code of ethics” as set forth in paragraph 9(b) of General Instruction B of Form 40-F, as well as various other topics.

 

The Code is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, on the SEC website at www.sec.gov, and on the Company’s website at www.sandstormgold.com.   The Company will provide a copy of the Code in print without charge to any shareholder that provides the Company with a written request addressed to the Company’s Corporate Secretary.

 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

Deloitte LLP acted as the Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.  For a description of the total amount billed to the Company by Deloitte LLP for services performed in the last two financial years by category of service (audit fees, audit related fees, tax fees and all other fees), see “Audit Committee - External Auditor Service Fees” on page 83 of the AIF, which is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form 40-F and incorporated by reference herein.

 

For a description of the Company’s pre-approval policies and procedures related to the provision of non-audit services, see “Audit Committee - Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” on page 83 of the AIF, which is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form 40-F and incorporated by reference herein.

 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

 

TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

 

The following table lists as of December 31, 2015 information with respect to the Company’s known contractual obligations:

 

Contractual Obligations  Total   Less than 1
Year
   1 to 3
Years
   3 to 5
Years
   More than 5
Years
 
Long-Term Debt Obligations  $83,500,000              83,500,000      
Interest Payments1  $16,463,125    4,703,750    9,407,500    2,351,875      
Operating Lease Obligations  $3,319,108    635,152    1,177,021    1,155,369    351,567 
Purchase Obligations  $                     
Other Long-Term Liabilities  $                     
Total  $103,282,233    5,338,902    10,584,521    87,007,244    351,567 

1 As the applicable interest rates are floating in nature, the interest charges are estimated based on market-based forward interest rate curves at the end of the reporting period.

 

The Company is a resource-based Company that acquires gold streams from companies that have advanced stage development projects or operating mines.  Gold streams are acquired by entering into gold streaming agreements which provide that in return for making a one-time up-front payment, the Company receives the right to purchase, at a fixed price per unit, a percentage of a mine’s production for the life of the mine.  Accordingly, the Company’s purchase commitments with respect to each gold stream are not based on time periods, such as less than 1 year or 1 to 3 years, but rather continue for the life of the mine.  Furthermore, in connection with the Company’s various gold streams, certain payments are advanced to companies as their mining projects are advanced. These payments are subject to certain funding conditions and are not based on time periods. For a description of the purchase commitments of the Company, see “Contractual Obligations” and “Note 15 - Contractual Obligations” on pages 26 and 74, respectively, of the Annual Report attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F and incorporated by reference herein.

 

5 

 

 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

 

Not applicable.

 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

As a Canadian corporation listed on NYSE MKT, the Company is not required to comply with most of the NYSE MKT corporate governance standards, so long as it complies with Canadian corporate governance practices. However, pursuant to NYSE MKT rules, the Company must disclose the significant differences between its corporate governance practices and those required to be followed by U.S. domestic issuers under NYSE MKT’s corporate governance standards.

 

NYSE MKT’S quorum requirement provides that a quorum for a shareholder meeting of a NYSE MKT-listed company must be at least 33-1/3% of the issued and outstanding common shares of the company.  The Company instead follows applicable Canadian laws with respect to quorum requirements. The Company’s articles provide that the quorum requirement for a shareholder meeting shall be one person present or represented by proxy.

 

The Company reviews its governance practices and monitors developments in Canada and the United States on an ongoing basis to ensure it is in compliance with applicable rules and standards.  The board is committed to sound corporate governance practices which are both in the interest of its shareholders and contribute to effective and efficient decision making.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Additional information relating to the Company, including the Audited Financial Statements, and MD&A and the AIF, can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, on the SEC website at www.sec.gov or on the Company’s website at www.sandstormgold.com. Shareholders may also contact the Company’s Corporate Secretary by phone at (604) 689-0234 or by e-mail at info@sandstormLTD.com to request copies of these documents and this annual report on Form 40-F for no charge.

 

UNDERTAKING

 

The Company undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the SEC staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the SEC staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form 40-F; the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.

 

CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS

 

The Company has previously filed with the SEC a written consent to service of process and power of attorney on Form F-X.  Any change to the name or address of the Company’s agent for service shall be communicated promptly to the SEC by amendment to the Form F-X referencing the file number of the Company.

 

6 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Company certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

 

  SANDSTORM GOLD LTD.
   
     
  By: /s/ Nolan Watson
  Name: Nolan Watson
Date: December 7, 2016 Title: President & Chief Executive Officer

 

7 

 

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit   Description
     
**99.1   Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2015
99.2   Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2015, which includes Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 and Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015  
99.2   Printer Friendly Copy
99.3   Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
99.4   Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.5   Consent of Deloitte LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
**99.6   Consent of Ramon Mendoza Reyes
**99.7   Consent of William Wulftange
**99.8   Consent of Keith Laskowski
*99.9   Code of Conduct and Ethics(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.6 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 and filed with the SEC on March 11, 2014)

 

*Not filed herewith, but incorporated herein by reference.

**Previously filed with the Original Form 40-F on March 30, 2016.

 

8 

 



 

 

Exhibit 99.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

WHO WE ARE

 

 

At Sandstorm we are a forward thinking team that is focused, diligent and nimble, providing innovative financing alternatives to mining companies with high quality assets in order to deliver strong risk adjusted returns to shareholders. Risk analysis (including technical, financial, social and environmental) and opportunity identification (including exploration and operational upside) are the foundational building blocks of our business model. We focus on long-term growth, not short term success and although our team is small, we think big. At our core, we value integrity, trust, innovation, creativity and hard work. We are continually adapting and improving to ensure we become the resource sector’s best risk-adjusted cash flow investment vehicle.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

   
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 

Company Profile

 

A Message to our Shareholders

Board of Directors

Management Team

Facts & Figures

Global Assets Map

 

Management's Discussion & Analysis

 

Company Highlights

Overview and Outlook

Key Producing Assets

Other Producing Assets

Development Assets

Summary of Annual Results

Summary of Quarterly Results

Quarterly Commentary

 

Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Financial Position

(Loss) Income

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Cash Flows

Changes in Equity

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

   
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
Section 01  
Company Profile 05 —

 

  

CORPORATE & SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

 

 

STOCK EXCHANGE LISTINGS

 

Toronto Stock Exchange

TSX: SSL

 

New York Stock Exchange

NYSE.MKT: SAND

 

 

 

TRANSFER AGENT

 

Computershare Investor Services

2nd Floor, 510 Burrard Street

Vancouver, British Columbia

V6C 3B9

T 604 661 9400

 

 

 

AUDITORS

 

Deloitte LLP

Suite 2800, 4 Bentall Centre

1055 Dunsmuir Street

Vancouver, British Columbia

V7X 1P4

 

T 604 669 4466

F 604 685 0395

 

 

 

CORPORATE SECRETARY

 

Christine Gregory

 

CORPORATE OFFICES

 

Vancouver Head Office

Suite 1400, 400 Burrard St.

Vancouver, British Columbia

V6C 3A6

 

T    604 689 0234

F    604 689 7317

 

info@sandstormltd.com

www.sandstormgold.com

 

Toronto Office

Suite 1110, 8 King St. East

Toronto, Ontario

M5C 1B5

T 416 238 1152

 

Barbados Office

2nd Floor, Lime Lifestyle Centre

Holetown, St. James

BB24016

West Indies, Barbados

 

 

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

Nolan Watson

David Awram

David De Witt

Andrew T. Swarthout

John P.A. Budreski

Mary L. Little

 

 

 

 

 

 
Section 01
— 06 Company Profile

 

 

TO OUR

SHAREHOLDERS,

 

 

  The inherent cyclicality of the mining industry is such that investor interest can swing from hysteria to apathy, and back to hysteria in relatively quick succession. Amid this volatility, it is those companies who position themselves as buyers in periods of depressed asset valuations (like what we saw during 2015) that can create long-term wealth for their shareholders.
     
     
 

When the resource market began to turn negative a few years ago, we were excited about the potential for Sandstorm to acquire attractive assets at depressed valuations. We knew that if we managed our balance sheet and were patient, there would be opportunities for foundational growth and for company defining acquisitions. We expected there to be some pain along the way, as comes with every bear market, but at the outset of 2015, it felt like the challenges that we had faced were mostly behind us and that we were entering a year where our focus would be forward. As it turned out, we witnessed one of the busiest years on record for stream and royalty finance and saw asset valuations reach levels far below what many market experts thought was probable.

 

With our available cash, credit facility and incoming cash flow, we were able to aggressively pursue transactions and I’m pleased that the result was the allocation of over US$200 million and the acquisition of 30 new streams

and royalties (an additional 55 royalties were added subsequent to year-end). The new assets have added stable cash flow, contributed meaningful asset diversification and provided a significant upgrade in terms of the strength and stability of our mining company counterparties. In 2016, over 80% of our cash flow will be generated by precious metals and diamonds and by 2019 that percentage will surpass 85%. In addition, over 80% of our annual cash flow is expected to come from operations run by major and mid-tier mining companies. Altogether, we believe that we have made a number of acquisitions on strong assets, with significant exploration upside and with quality countrparties, resulting in 2015 being transformative for the company and our shareholders.

 

Our acquisition activity was matched by exploration success in the portfolio. An internal study completed by our technical team determined that brownfields and greenfields exploration on ground covered by our stream and royalty

 

 

 

 

 

 

interests, generated more value than the ounces that were produced during the 2015 year. Even in down markets and with reduced exploration budgets, we continue to be the beneficiaries of exploration upside, without having to make additional capital contributions to those efforts. I am also encouraged that our royalty portfolio has grown to include 90 exploration stage assets. Although little to no value is being attributed to these projects by the market at present, these assets represent seeds of upside that we believe, in some cases, will take root and grow into meaningful value contributors.

 

To fund our 2015 acquisitions, we deployed the bulk of our cash and fully drew down on our revolving credit facility. With the help of a modest equity raise we reduced the debt position to US$83.5 million by year-end and because of our belief in the importance of a strong balance-sheet, our goals have shifted for 2016. We intend to exercise financial discipline and use the majority of our free cash flow to

pay down debt. At the same time, we want to continue growing our diversified portfolio of gold streams and royalties and we are therefore looking to raise cash by monetizing non-core assets.

 

Going into 2016, I am encouraged as Sandstorm’s asset base and cash flow have never been more diversified, our counterparty risk has never been lower, our portfolio has never before had so much precious metals optionality and I believe that there is significant growth ahead for the company and our shareholders.

  NOLAN WATSON
  PRESIDENT, CEO AND FOUNDER

 

 

 

 

 
Section 01
— 08 Company Profile

 

 

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

 

1   Mary L. Little

Founder and Director of Mirasol Resources. Ms. Little led Mirasol’s growth as a successful prospect generator, and spearheaded corporate development activities, including the negotiation of joint ventures and the sale of a principal asset.
3   David Awram

Cofounder of Sandstorm and former Director, Investor Relations for Silver Wheaton Corp. Mr. Awram has overseen the company’s corporate development, evaluating hundreds of projects and completing on-site due diligence on dozens of mining projects across the globe.
   
   
2   Andrew T. Swarthout

CEO and Director of multi-asset silver company, Bear Creek Mining. Mr. Swarthout has participated in several discoveries and reserve expansions on projects in North and South America that are in production or will be in production in the future.
4   Nolan Watson

Cofounder of Sandstorm and former CFO of Silver Wheaton. Mr. Watson has been involved in over $2 billion in streaming and royalty transactions and has won numerous awards for his professional and charitable achievements.

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
Section 01  
Company Profile 09 —

 

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT TEAM


     
     

5 John P. A. Budreski

 

President and CEO of bulk commodities royalty company, Morien Resources. Prior to Morien, Mr. Budreski was the Vice Chairman of Cormark Securities and has over 25 years of experience in the resource and resource financing industries.

 

 

6 David E. De Witt

 

Founder and Chairman of venture capital firm, Pathway Capital. Mr. De Witt practiced corporate and securities law prior to Pathway and has held directorships in many public companies involved in the natural resource field.

 

Nolan Watson

FCPA, FCA, CFA

 

President, CEO

and Founder

 

 

 

Erfan Kazemi

CPA, CA, CFA

 

Chief Financial

Officer

 

 

 

Tom Bruington

P. Eng., M.Sc.

 

Executive VP,

Project Evaluation

 

David Awram

B.Sc, Geologist

 

Sr. Executive VP

and Founder

 

 

 

Adam Spencer

CFA

 

VP, Corporate

Development

 

 

 

Keith Laskowski

P. Geo, M.Sc.

 

VP, Technical

Services

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Global Asset Growth Asset Summary by operating stage Production Development Adv. Exploration Exploration 19 23 68 22 Production Development Exploration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

68% NORTH AMERICA 17% SOUTH AMERICA 11% EUROPE/ASIA 4% AFRICA CANADA 61 USA 23 MEXICO 03 HONDURAS 02 BRAZIL 09 PERU 04 CHILE 05 ARGENTINA 04 FRENCH GUIANA 01 TURKEY 10 SWEDEN 03 MONGOLIA 02 SOUTH AFRICA 02 BURKINA FASO 02 GHANA 01 Section 2015 Asset Summary by location Subsequent to year-end, Sandstorm acquired an additional 55 royalties on properties located in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. The preceding figures include these royalties

 

 

 

 

SANDSTORM GOLD LTD.

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

 

Annual 2015

 

For The Year Ended December 31, 2015

 

This management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) for Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and its subsidiary entities (“Sandstorm”, “Sandstorm Gold” or the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Sandstorm for the year ended December 31, 2015 and related notes thereto which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The information contained within this MD&A is current to March 30, 2016 and all figures are stated in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.

 

company HIGHLIGHTS

 

Operating Results

 

·Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold, for the three months and year ended December 31, 2015 were 8,951 ounces and 45,146 ounces, respectively, compared with 10,424 ounces and 44,821 ounces for the comparable periods in 2014. Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold for the most recently completed year represented a record for the Company.
·Revenue for the three months and year ended December 31, 2015 was $9.9 million and $52.7 million, respectively, compared with $12.5 million and $56.5 million for the comparable periods in 2014.
·Operating cash flows for the three months and year ended December 31, 2015 were $5.0 million and $30.8 million, respectively, compared with $8.9 million and $35.2 million for the comparable periods in 2014.
·Average cash costs for the three months and year ended December 31, 2015 of $258 1 and $300 1 per Attributable Gold Equivalent ounce, respectively, compared with $308 1 and $321 1 per Attributable Gold Equivalent ounce for the comparable periods in 2014.

 

1)Refer to section on non-IFRS measures of this MD&A.

 

Significant Acquisitions

 

·On January 27, 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into 10 royalty agreements on properties located in Africa and the USA, which include a 0.45% NSR on Orezone Gold Corp.’s Bomboré gold project located in Burkina Faso.
·On March 23, 2015, the Company announced that it had acquired a 1% gross proceeds royalty over property in Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories, Canada, including property constituting the Diavik Diamond Mine operated by Rio Tinto plc.

 

 

 

 

·

On April 28, 2015, the Company closed its previously announced agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding common shares of Gold Royalties Corp., which had over $1 million in cash and a portfolio of royalties on 12 mining projects located in Canada, including one royalty that is generating cash flow from gold production.

·On October 27, 2015, the Company entered into three agreements with Yamana Gold Inc. that included commodity streams from up to five of Yamana's mining projects. For consideration of $152 million in cash and 15 million warrants of the Company, Sandstorm received a multi-asset silver stream that includes production from Chapada, Minera Florida and Cerro Moro, a copper stream on Chapada, and an early deposit gold stream on Agua Rica. The transaction provides:
oImminent Cash Flow: New silver and copper streams are expected to contribute $8 million to $10 million of cash flow annually starting in 2016, increasing to $20 million annually by 2019 representing a 55% increase in the Company’s 2019 forecasted cash flow;
oAsset Diversification: Multi-asset silver stream that includes production from Chapada, Minera Florida and Cerro Moro, a copper stream on Chapada, and an Early deposit gold stream on Agua Rica;
oDownside Protection: 24-month silver stream backstop from the El Peñon mine if Cerro Moro does not reach production by 2019 and an additional backstop from the Chapada mine under certain conditions;
oAsset Quality: The projects underlying the transaction are low cost, economically robust assets with significant exploration upside;
oImproved Counterparty Profile: Approximately 90% of Sandstorm’s cash flow to come from majors, mid-tiers and debt-free junior mining companies by 2019; and
oPrecious Metal Focus: Precious metals and diamonds to contribute over 80% of the Company’s cash flow by 2019.
·

On January 19, 2016, the Company announced that it had agreed to acquire 55 royalties from Teck Resources Limited and its affiliates for total consideration of up to $22 million, payable in $1.4 million cash and $20.6 million in common shares of the Company. The transaction provides asset diversification; immediate cash flow and significant cash flow growth potential with estimated cash flow in 2016 of $1.5 million to $2.0 million, growing to $10 million to over $15 million in cash flow per year; and strong counterparties including Barrick Gold Corporation, Glencore plc, KGHM Polska Miedz SA, Newmont Mining Corporation, Kinross Gold Corporation, New Gold Inc. and Imperial Metals Corporation.

 

Other

 

·On June 30, 2015, the Company closed its previously announced restructuring of its Aurizona Gold Stream and its outstanding loan. Under the terms of the restructuring, the Gold Stream was terminated and replaced by two net smelter return royalties and a convertible debenture. Additionally, the maturity date of the existing loan was extended from June 30, 2017 to June 30, 2021. As part of the restructuring, Luna completed a $30 million financing with Pacific Road Resources Funds. Management believes the restructuring puts Luna Gold on a development path to move the Aurizona mine toward sustainable, long-term production.
·

On October 26, 2015, the Company amended its revolving credit agreement, to allow the Company to borrow up to $110 million for acquisition purposes. As part of the Yamana transaction, the Company fully drew on the $110 million in available credit.

·On November 3, 2015, the Company completed an equity financing for aggregate gross proceeds of $28.8 million. Upon closing of the equity financing, the majority of the net proceeds were used to reduce the balance of the Company’s revolving credit facility.

 

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Overview

 

Sandstorm is a growth-focused company that seeks to acquire gold and other precious metal purchase agreements (“Gold Streams” or “Silver Streams”) and royalties from companies that have advanced stage development projects or operating mines. In return for making upfront payments to acquire a Gold Stream, Sandstorm receives the right to purchase, at a fixed price per ounce, a percentage of a mine’s gold, silver, or other commodity ("Gold Equivalent") production for the life of the mine. Sandstorm helps other companies in the resource industry grow their businesses, while acquiring attractive assets in the process. The Company is focused on acquiring Gold Streams and royalties from mines with low production costs, significant exploration potential and strong management teams. The Company currently has 132 Gold Streams and net smelter returns royalties (“NSR”s), of which 19 of the underlying mines are producing.

 

Outlook

 

Based on the Company’s existing Gold Streams and NSRs, attributable Gold Equivalent production (individually and collectively referred to as “Attributable Gold Equivalent”) for 2016 is forecasted to be between 40,000 – 50,000 Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces. The Company is forecasting Attributable Gold Equivalent production of approximately 65,000 ounces per annum by 2020.

 

Key Producing Assets

 

Yamana Silver Stream

 

Yamana Gold Inc.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company acquired a Silver Stream on Yamana Gold Inc.’s (“Yamana”) gold-silver Cerro Moro project, located in Santa Cruz, Argentina (the “Cerro Morro Project” or “Cerro Moro”) and interim silver deliveries during years 2016 to 2018 from a number of Yamana’s currently operating mines.

 

In acquiring the Yamana Silver Stream, the Chapada copper stream (refer to Chapada copper stream section) and a potential gold stream on the Agua Rica project, the Company agreed to upfront consideration consisting of a cash payment of $152 million, of which $4 million is payable in April 2016, and 15 million Sandstorm warrants. The warrants have a 5 year term, a strike price of $3.50 per Sandstorm common share and are exercisable upon achievement of specific milestones with respect to the construction of the Cerro Moro mine.

 

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Silver deliveries

 

Under the terms of the Yamana Silver Stream, Sandstorm has agreed to purchase, for on-going per ounce cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of silver, an amount of silver from Cerro Moro equal to 20% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 1.2 million ounces of silver), until Yamana has delivered to Sandstorm 7.0 million ounces of silver; then 9.0% of the silver produced thereafter.

 

As part of the Yamana Silver Stream, during the year 2016 through 2018, Sandstorm has also agreed to purchase, for on-going per ounce cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of silver, an amount of silver from:

 

(i)the Minera Florida mine in Chile equal to 38% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 200,000 ounces of silver); and
(ii)the Chapada mine in Brazil equal to 52% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 100,000 ounces of silver).

 

Downside protection

 

If by January 1, 2019, the Cerro Moro processing facility has not averaged 80% of its daily nameplate production capacity over a 30-day period (the "Commencement of Production"), then Yamana´s producing El Peñon mine in Chile will provide a 24 month backstop until the Commencement of Production has begun. During the 24 month backstop, if applicable, Sandstorm will purchase, for on-going per ounce cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of silver, an amount of silver equal to 16% of El Peñon´s silver production up to a maximum of 1.2 million ounces per annum.

 

About Cerro Moro

 

The Cerro Moro project is located approximately 70 kilometres southwest of the coastal port city of Puerto Deseado in the Santa Cruz province of Argentina. Cerro Moro contains a number of high grade epithermal gold and silver deposits, some of which will be mined via open pit and some via underground mining methods. In February 2015, Yamana announced that it would proceed with the construction of the Cerro Moro mine. The current plan indicates average annual production in the first three years of 135,000 ounces of gold and 6.7 million ounces of silver, with the life of mine annual production averaging approximately 102,000 ounces of gold and 5 million ounces of silver at a throughput of 1,000 tonnes per day.

 

The procurement of long lead items is underway and Yamana anticipates that construction on Cerro Moro will begin in 2016.

 

Chapada Copper Stream

 

Yamana Gold Inc.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company acquired a copper Stream on Yamana’s open pit gold-copper Chapada mine located 270 kilometres northwest of Brasília in Goiás state, Brazil (“Chapada” or the “Chapada Mine”). Under the terms of the Yamana copper stream, Sandstorm has agreed to purchase, for on-going per pound cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of copper, an amount of copper from the Chapada Mine equal to:

 

i)4.2% of the copper produced (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper) until Yamana has delivered 39 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm (the “First Chapada Delivery Threshold”); then

 

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ii)3.0% of the copper produced until, on a cumulative basis, Yamana has delivered 50 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm (the “Second Chapada Delivery Threshold”); then

 

iii)1.5% of the copper produced thereafter, for the life of the mine.

 

Downside protection

 

If Cerro Moro has not achieved the Commencement of Production and Sandstorm has not received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million from the Yamana Silver Stream, then the First Chapada Delivery Threshold and the Second Chapada Delivery Threshold will cease to be in effect and Sandstorm will continue to purchase 4.2% of Chapada’s payable copper production (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper), until such time as Sandstorm has received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million, or Cerro Moro has achieved the Commencement of Production.

 

About Chapada

 

Chapada has been in production since 2007 and is a relatively low-cost operation. The ore is treated through a flotation plant with capacity of 22 million tonnes per annum. Yamana has benefitted from significant discoveries at Chapada in the past and expects to complete 10,000 metres of exploration drilling and 12,000 metres of infill drilling over the course of 2015.

 

Diavik Royalty

 

Rio Tinto PLC

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company acquired a 1% gross proceeds royalty based on the production from the Diavik mine located in Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, Canada (“Diavik” or the “Diavik Mine”) which is operated by Rio Tinto PLC (“Rio Tinto”).

 

For consideration the Company paid $52.5 million in cash and 3 million warrants of Sandstorm to IAMGOLD Corporation (the previous owner of the 1% royalty). The warrants have a strike price of $4.50 per Sandstorm common share, an expiration date of March 23, 2020 and will only be exercisable following initial production from the Diavik Mine’s A21 pipe.

 

The Diavik Mine is Canada’s largest diamond mine. The mine began producing diamonds in January 2003, and has since produced more than 90 million carats from three kimberlite pipes (A154 South, A154 North, and A418). Rio Tinto recently approved the development of open pit mining from a fourth pipe (A21) which is targeted for production in 2018. Recent public announcements have indicated that the development of A-21 pipe continues to progress according to plan.

 

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Black Fox Gold Stream

 

Primero Mining Corp.

 

The Company has a Gold Stream to purchase 8% of the life of mine gold produced from Primero Mining Corp.’s (“Primero”) open pit and underground Black Fox mine, located in Ontario, Canada (the “Black Fox Mine”), and 6.3% of the life of mine gold produced from Primero’s Black Fox Extension, which includes a portion of Primero’s Pike River concessions, for a per ounce cash payment equal to the lesser of $524 and the then prevailing market price of gold.

 

The Black Fox Mine began operating as an open pit mine in 2009 (depleted in 2015) and transitioned to underground operations in 2011.Current activities at the Black Fox Mine include:

 

·Recent drilling by Primero has discovered the Froome zone, which is located approximately 1 kilometer east of the current Black Fox open pit. The zone continues to be a priority for surface exploration through the 2016. Furthermore, Primero anticipates $8.9 million in 2016 exploration expenditures at the Black Fox complex.

 

Santa Elena Gold Stream

 

First Majestic Silver Corp.

 

The Company has a Gold Stream to purchase 20% of the life of mine gold produced from First Majestic Silver Corp.’s (“First Majestic”) open-pit and underground Santa Elena mine, located in Mexico (the “Santa Elena Mine”), for a per ounce cash payment equal to the lesser of $357 and the then prevailing market price of gold until 50,000 ounces of gold have been delivered to Sandstorm, at which time the on-going per ounce payments will increase to the lesser of $450 and the then prevailing market price of gold.

 

The Santa Elena Mine was successfully transitioned from an open pit heap leach operation to an underground mining and milling operation and commercial production for the 3,000 tonne per day processing plant was declared in 2014.

 

Current activities at the Santa Elena Mine include:

 

·First Majestic recently closed its previously announced transaction whereby it acquired SilverCrest Mines Inc.

 

Bachelor Lake Gold Stream

 

Metanor Resources Inc.

 

The Company has a Gold Stream to purchase 20% of the life of mine gold produced from Metanor Resources Inc.’s (“Metanor”) Bachelor Lake gold mine located in Quebec, Canada (the “Bachelor Lake Mine”), for a per ounce cash payment equal to the lesser of $500 and the then prevailing market price of gold.

 

The Bachelor Lake Mine is a long hole mining operation with an operating mill and surface infrastructure, which began production in early 2013.

 

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Current activities at the Bachelor Lake Mine include:

 

·Metanor recently released positive drill results from its exploration activities at the Bachelor Lake Mine and the newly discovered south zone. For more information refer to www.metanor.ca.

 

Bracemac-McLeod Royalty

 

Glencore PLC

 

Sandstorm has a 3% NSR based on 100% of the production from the Bracemac-McLeod property located in Matagami, Quebec, Canada (“Bracemac-McLeod” or the “Bracemac-McLeod Mine”) which is owned and operated by a subsidiary of Glencore Xstrata plc (“Glencore”).

 

The Bracemac-McLeod Mine is a high grade volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit. Continuous mining and milling operations have been active in the Matagami district for almost fifty years with ten previously operating mines and one other currently producing mine. The Bracemac-McLeod Mine began initial production in the second half of 2013.

 

Ming Gold Stream

 

Rambler Metals & Mining PLC

 

The Company has a Gold Stream to purchase approximately 25% of the first 175,000 ounces of gold produced and 12% of the life of mine gold produced thereafter, from Rambler Metals & Mining PLC’s (“Rambler”) Ming Copper-Gold mine, located in Newfoundland, Canada (the “Ming Mine”). There are no ongoing per ounce payments required by Sandstorm in respect of the Ming Mine Gold Stream. In the event that the metallurgical recoveries of gold at the Ming Mine are below 85%, the percentage of gold that Sandstorm shall be entitled to purchase shall be increased proportionally. Based on 2014 metallurgical recoveries, Sandstorm’s 2015 gold purchase entitlement was adjusted to 31%.

 

Current activities at the Ming Mine include:

 

·Rambler released a favorable prefeasibility study (“PFS”) that identifies the potential for an expansion of the Ming Mine into the Lower Footwall Zone. The PFS defines a staged, low capital strategy to optimize existing infrastructure to be able to operate at approximately 1,250 metric tonnes per day by 2018. The PFS outlines a plan to have Lower Footwall Zone material with current massive sulphide reserves. See www.ramblermines.com for more information.

 

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Other Producing Assets

 

Emigrant Springs Royalty

 

Newmont Mining Corp.

 

The Company has a 1.5% NSR on the Emigrant Springs mine (the “Emigrant Springs Mine”) which is located in the Carlin Trend in Nevada, U.S.A. and is owned and operated by Newmont Mining Corp. (“Newmont”). The Emigrant Springs Mine is an open pit, heap leach operation. In the third quarter of 2012, construction of the mine was completed and commercial production commenced.

 

Mine Waste Solutions Royalty

 

Anglogold Ashanti Ltd.

 

The Company has a 1% NSR on the gold produced from Mine Waste Solutions tailings recovery operation (“MWS”) which is located near Stilfontein, South Africa, and is owned and operated by AngloGold Ashanti Ltd. (“AngloGold”). MWS is a gold and uranium tailings recovery operation. The operation processes multiple tailings dumps in the area through three production modules, the last of which was commissioned in 2011.

 

Gualcamayo Royalty

 

Yamana Gold Inc.

 

The Company has a 1% NSR on the Gualcamayo gold mine (the “Gualcamayo Mine”) which is located in San Juan province, Argentina and owned and operated by Yamana. The Gualcamayo Mine is an open pit, heap leach operation encompassing three substantial zones of gold mineralization. An expansion of the operation is expected to increase sustainable production.

 

San Andres Royalty

 

Aura Minerals Inc.

 

The Company has a 1.5% NSR on the San Andres mine (the “San Andres Mine”) which is located in La Únion, Honduras and owned and operated by Aura Minerals Inc. (“Aura Minerals”). The San Andres Mine is an open pit, heap leach operation. The mine has been in production since 1983 and has well-developed infrastructure, which includes power and water supply, warehouses, maintenance facilities, assay laboratory and on-site camp facilities.

 

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Development Assets

 

Karma Gold Stream

 

True Gold Mining Inc.

 

The Company has a Gold Stream which entitles it to purchase 25,000 ounces of gold over a five year period and thereafter 1.625% of the gold produced from True Gold Mining Inc.’s (“True Gold”) open-pit heap leach Karma gold mine located in Burkina Faso, West Africa (“Karma” or the “Karma Project”) for on-going per ounce cash payment equal to 20% of the spot price of the gold.

 

The Gold Stream, which on a gross basis requires True Gold to deliver 100,000 ounces of gold over a five year period starting March 31, 2016 and thereafter 6.5% of the equivalent gold production at the Karma Project, is being syndicated between Franco-Nevada Corp. (“Franco-Nevada”) and Sandstorm (together the “Stream Syndicate”). Franco-Nevada will be providing 75% of the funding and Sandstorm will be providing the remaining 25% of the funding. In consideration for acquiring the Gold Stream, the Stream Syndicate agreed to make payments totaling $100 million. As of the date of the MD&A, Sandstorm had fully funded the initial $25 million of its commitment in the following manner: (i) $14.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2014; (ii) $6.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2015; and (iii) $3.9 million in 2016. In addition, the Stream Syndicate has provided True Gold with an 18 month option to increase funding by up to $20 million (the “Increase Option”) in exchange for eight quarterly deliveries totaling 30,000 ounces of gold, or the pro-rata portion of the amount drawn thereunder, starting 18 months from when the first tranche under the Increase Option is drawn down. Subsequent to year end, Sandstorm remitted $1.25 million of its $5 million commitment under the Increase Option.

 

The Karma Project has five defined mineral deposits that make up the Karma Project with probable mineral reserves of 949,000 ounces of gold. The mine is expected to produce an average of 97,000 ounces of gold per year over 8.5 years. The mining operation is planned to employ conventional truck and shovel methods. True Gold recently reported that construction at the Karma Mine is approximately 94% complete with commissioning activities underway and it remains on track for gold production by the first half of 2016. Endeavour Mining Corp. recently announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement with True Gold pursuant to which Endeavour Mining Corp. would acquire True Gold.

 

Aurizona Gold Royalty

 

Luna Gold Corp.

 

The Company has a 3% – 5% sliding scale NSR on the production from Luna Gold Corp.’s (“Luna”) open-pit Aurizona mine, located in Brazil (the “Aurizona Mine”). At gold prices less than or equal to $1,500 per ounce, the royalty is a 3% NSR. In addition, Sandstorm holds a 2% NSR on Luna’s 190,073 hectares of greenfields exploration ground. At any time prior to the commencement of commercial production, Luna has the ability to purchase one-half of the greenfields NSR for a cash payment of $10 million.

 

Luna has initiated a pre-feasibility study for the restart of the Aurizona Mine and Sandstorm holds a right of first refusal on any future streams or royalties on the Aurizona project and greenfields.

 

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Restructuring

 

On June 30, 2015, the Company restructured its previously existing Gold Stream and loan agreement with Luna (the “Restructuring”). Under the terms of the Restructuring, the Gold Stream was terminated and replaced by two NSRs (described above) and a convertible debenture.

 

The convertible debenture is a $30 million instrument bearing interest at a rate of 5% per annum (the “Debenture”). The Debenture is payable in three equal annual tranches of $10 million plus accrued interest beginning June 30, 2018. Luna will have the right to convert the principal and interest owing under the Debenture into common shares of Luna, so long as Sandstorm does not own more than 20% of the outstanding common shares of Luna. The quantum of shares upon conversion will be dependent on a 20 day volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) and if the VWAP is less than C$0.10 per share, the shares will be deemed to have been issued at C$0.10 per share.

 

Under the loan amendment, the maturity date of the existing $20 million Luna loan was extended from June 30, 2017 to June 30, 2021, and the interest rate was revised to 5% per annum, payable in cash on the maturity date. In the event that Luna is in default, the applicable rate of interest will increase to 10% per annum.

 

Under the terms of the Restructuring and until September 30, 2015, Sandstorm continued to purchase 17% of the gold that results from the processing of the remaining stockpile from the Aurizona Mine for a per ounce cash payment equal to the lesser of $408 and the then prevailing market price of gold.

 

The Company recognized a gain of $4.3 million arising from the difference between the fair value of the Debenture and two NSRs and the carrying value of the Aurizona mineral interest.

 

Hugo North Extension & Heruga Gold Stream

 

Entrée Gold Inc.

 

Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015, Sandstorm amended its Gold Stream with Entrée Gold Inc. (“Entrée”) such that the Company will now purchase an amount equal to 5.62% and 4.26% of the gold and silver by-products produced from the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits located in Mongolia, (the “Hugo North Extension” and “Heruga”, respectively) for per ounce cash payments equal to the lesser of $220 per ounce of gold and $5 per ounce of silver and the then prevailing market price of gold and silver, respectively. Additionally, Sandstorm amended its copper stream such that the Company will now purchase an amount equal to 0.42% share of the copper produced from Hugo North Extension and Heruga for per pound cash payments equal to the lesser of $0.50 per pound of copper and the then prevailing market price of copper. In consideration for the amendment and subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015, Sandstorm received consideration of $6.8 million (of which $5.5 million was paid in cash and $1.3 million was received by way of Entrée common shares).

 

The Company is not required to contribute any further capital, exploration, or operating expenditures to Entrée.

 

The Hugo North Extension is a rich copper-gold porphyry deposit and Heruga is a copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposit. Both projects are located in the South Gobi desert of Mongolia, approximately 570 kilometers south of the capital city of Ulaanbaatar and 80 kilometers north of the border with China. The Hugo North Extension and Heruga are part of the Oyu Tolgoi mining complex and are managed by Oyu Tolgoi LLC, a subsidiary of Turquoise Hill Resources and the Government of Mongolia, and its project manager Rio Tinto PLC. Entrée retains a 20% interest in the resource deposits of the Hugo North Extension and Heruga.

 

  10

 

 

Entrée recently announced that an Oyu Tolgoi underground mine development and financing plan had been signed by the Government of Mongolia, Entrée's joint venture partner, Oyu Tolgoi LLC, Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd. and Rio Tinto. The plan provides a path forward to the eventual restart of underground development, including Lift 1 of the Hugo North Extension. Recently, Entrée’s joint venture partner, announced that it had signed a $4.4 billion finance facility for underground mine development at the Oyu Tolgoi project. The facility is being provided by a syndicate of international financial institutions and export credit agencies representing the governments of Canada, the United States and Australia, along with 15 commercial banks.

 

Hot Maden Royalty

 

Mariana Resources Ltd.

 

On January 19, 2016, the Company acquired a 2% NSR on the Hot Maden gold-copper project which is located in the Artvin Province, northeastern Turkey (the “Hot Maden Project”). The project is co-owned by Mariana Resources Ltd. and its Turkish partner, Lidya Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S., which is currently earning into a 70% interest in the project.

 

A 2015 drill campaign led to the release of a maiden mineral resource estimate for the Hot Maden Project with an indicated resource of 2.0 million gold equivalent ounces and also included an inferred resource of 1.0 million gold equivalent ounces.

 

Hackett River Royalty

 

Glencore PLC

 

On January 19, 2016, the Company acquired a 2% NSR on the Hackett River property located in Nunavut, Canada (the “Hackett River Project” or “Hackett River”) which is owned by a subsidiary of Glencore.

 

Hackett River is a silver-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide project and is one of the largest undeveloped projects of its kind. The property is made up of four massive sulphide deposits that occur over a 6.6 kilometre strike distance. A preliminary economic assessment updated in 2010 evaluated a possible large-scale open pit and underground operation, processing up to 17,000 tonnes per day. The most recent technical report, completed in 2013, reported 25.0 million tonnes of indicated resources containing 4.2% zinc and 130.0 grams per tonne silver plus 57.0 million tonnes of inferred resources with 3.0% zinc and 100.0 grams per tonne silver.

 

Lobo-Marte Royalty

 

Kinross Gold Corp.

 

On January 19, 2016, the Company acquired a 1.05% NSR on production from the Lobo-Marte project located in the Maricungha gold district of Chile (the “Lobo-Marte Project” or “Lobo-Marte”) which is owned by Kinross Gold Corp. (“Kinross”).

 

Kinross completed a prefeasibility study at Lobo-Marte that contemplated a heap-leach operation. As a result of changes in the plan of operations and other factors, Kinross withdrew its previously submitted permit application. Future development and operations at Lobo-Marte will require the re-initiation of the permitting process.

 

  11

 

 

Agi Dagi & Kirazli

 

Alamos Gold Inc.

 

On January 19, 2016, the Company acquired a $10/ounce royalty based on the production from the Agi Dagi and the Kirazli gold development projects located in the Çanakkale Province of northwestern Turkey (“Agi Dagi” and “Kirazli”, respectively) which are both owned by Alamos Gold Inc. (“Alamos Gold”). The royalty is payable by Newmont and is subject to a maximum of 600,000 ounces from Agi Dagi and a maximum of 250,000 ounces from Kirazli.

 

A 2012 pre-feasibility study on Agi Dagi and Kirazli contemplated both projects as stand-alone open-pit, heap-leach operations. Under the study, Agi Dagi is expected to produce an average of 143,000 ounces of gold per year over a 7 year mine life while Kirazli is expected to produce an average of 99,000 ounces of gold per year over a 5 year mine life.

 

Bomboré Royalty

 

Orezone Gold Corp.

 

On January 27, 2015, the Company acquired a 0.45% NSR on the Bomboré gold project (“Bomboré” or “Bomboré Project”) located in Burkina Faso, West Africa and owned by Orezone Gold Corp. (“Orezone”) for consideration of $3.0 million (the “Upfront Royalty”). In addition, Sandstorm has committed to providing up to an additional $5.0 million in royalty financing (remittable in cash and/or shares, subject to certain conditions) to Orezone on a drawdown basis until January 27, 2017 (the “Standby Royalty”). The Standby Royalty, if fully exercised, would result in the granting of an additional 0.75% NSR. Orezone has granted Sandstorm a right of first refusal on any future stream or royalty financings related to the Bomboré Project until 36 months following the achievement of commercial production at the mine. Orezone has the option to repurchase the Upfront Royalty from Sandstorm for a period of 36 months, at a premium of 10% per year. The Standby Royalty can also be repurchased at a premium of 10% per year if Orezone completes a gold stream financing and Sandstorm participates for no less than $30 million.

 

Orezone's 168 km2 Bomboré project is the largest undeveloped oxide gold deposit in Burkina Faso, containing 4.6 million ounces of measured and indicated gold resources.

 

Prairie Creek Royalty

 

Canadian Zinc Corp.

 

The Company has a 1.2% NSR on the Prairie Creek project (“the “Prairie Creek Project”) located in the Northwest Territories, Canada and owned by Canadian Zinc Corporation (“Canadian Zinc”). The Prairie Creek Project is a zinc, silver and lead project that is 100%-owned by Canadian Zinc and currently reports a proven and probable mineral reserve of 5.2 million tonnes grading 9.4% zinc, 151 grams per tonne silver and 9.5% lead. Canadian Zinc recently entered into sale agreements with both Boliden and Korea Zinc for the sale of the zinc and lead concentrates produced at the Prairie Creek mine. This represents a significant step forward in the development of the mine.

 

Canadian Zinc has provided Sandstorm with a right of first refusal on any future royalty or commodity stream financing for the Prairie Creek Project.

 

  12

 

 

Mt. Hamilton Royalty

 

Waterton Precious Metals Fund II Cayman, LP

 

The Company has a 2.4% NSR on the Mt. Hamilton gold project (the "Mt. Hamilton Project"). The Mt. Hamilton Project is located in White Pine County, Nevada, U.S.A. and is owned by Waterton Precious Metals Fund II Cayman, LP (“Waterton”).

 

Sandstorm holds a right of first refusal on any future royalty or gold stream financing for the Mt. Hamilton Project.

 

Acquisition

 

Gold Royalties Corp.

 

On April 28, 2015, the Company closed its previously announced plan of arrangement pursuant to which Sandstorm Gold acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares (the “Gold Royalties Shares”) of Gold Royalties Corporation (“Gold Royalties”). The transaction was implemented by way of a statutory plan of arrangement (the “Arrangement”). Upon completion of the Arrangement, Sandstorm Gold issued to each holder of a Gold Royalties Share 0.045 of a common share of Sandstorm Gold.

 

As a result of acquiring Gold Royalties, Sandstorm has added a number of Canadian royalty assets to its portfolio along with over $1.0 million in cash.

 

In accordance with IFRS 3 – Business Combinations, the total consideration of $4.8 million, consisting of (i) $4.3 million representing the value of the Sandstorm Gold common shares issued (based on the April 28, 2015 closing price) and (ii) $0.5 million of Gold Royalties Shares previously owned by Sandstorm Gold, was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows:

 

Consideration:  In 000s 
Sandstorm Shares issued (1,161,720 common shares)  $4,281 
Gold Royalties Shares owned by Sandstorm Gold   472 
   $4,753 

 

Allocation of acquisition costs:    
Cash and cash equivalents  $1,288 
Trade receivables and other   107 
Mineral interests and royalties   1,852 
Deferred income tax assets   1,592 
Trade and other payables   (86)
   $4,753 

 

  13

 

 

Sandstorm Gold has estimated the fair value of the assets acquired to be equal to their carrying value except for the mineral interests and royalties which were estimated to have a fair value of $1.9 million and deferred tax assets of $1.6 million, respectively. An income approach (being the net present value of expected future cash flows) was used to determine the fair values of the mineral interests and royalties. Estimates of future cash flows are based on estimated future revenues and expected conversions of resources to reserves at each of the mineral properties.

 

Revolving credit facility

 

On October 26, 2015, the Company amended its revolving credit agreement, allowing the Company to borrow up to $110 million (the “Revolving Loan”) from a syndicate of banks including the Bank of Nova Scotia, Bank of Montreal, National Bank of Canada, and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The amounts drawn on the Revolving Loan remain subject to interest at LIBOR plus 3.00% – 4.25% per annum, and the undrawn portion of the Revolving Loan remains subject to a standby fee of 0.75% – 1.05% per annum, dependent on the Company’s leverage ratio. On October 26, 2015 and as part of the Yamana transaction, the Company fully drew on its credit facility.

 

equity financing

 

On November 3, 2015 the Company completed a public offering of 10,087,800 units at a price of $2.85 per unit, for gross proceeds of $28.8 million. Each unit was comprised of one common share of the Company and one-half of one listed warrant. In connection with the offering, the Company paid agent fees of $1.4 million, representing 5% of the gross proceeds. The amount attributable to common shares was $27.1 million, with the remainder allocated to the warrants. As previously announced, the net proceeds from the public offering were primarily used to reduce the balance of the Company’s Revolving Loan.

 

NORMAL COURSE ISSUER BID

 

On December 15, 2014, the Company announced that it intended to proceed with a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”). Under the NCIB, the Company was able until December 16, 2015, to purchase up to 5,882,879 common shares, representing 5% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common as at December 11, 2014. The NCIB provided the Company with the option to purchase its common shares from time to time when the Company’s management believed that the Common Shares were undervalued by the market. Subsequent to December 31, 2015, the Company reinitiated its NCIB, allowing it to purchase up to 6,896,539 common shares until April 2017.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015 and pursuant to the NCIB, the Company purchased and cancelled an aggregate of 518,123 common shares.

 

  14

 

 

Other

 

Tax

 

As a result of an ongoing assessment of the Company’s assets held in foreign subsidiaries, during the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a reduction of $8.1 million in its deferred income tax asset relating to taxable income previously attributed to its Barbadian subsidiary. The assessment is complex in nature and the reduction represents management estimates. The Company’s international transactions have not been reviewed by the Canada Revenue Agency, and should such transactions be reviewed no assurances can be given that the tax authority will concur with management’s estimates.

 

Gold Stream Settlement

 

As contemplated in the Deflector gold purchase agreement, the Company provided notice to Doray Minerals Ltd. that it was requesting back the $6.0 million Sandstorm had advanced under the purchase agreement. As part of a settlement agreement, the Company received $7.0 million in June 2015. The difference between the $7.0 million received and the carrying value of the Deflector mineral interest of $6.3 million was recognized in other income. As a result of the settlement, both parties’ obligations were extinguished under the Deflector gold purchase agreement.

 

Impairments

 

The lack of progress with respect to Santa Fe Gold Corp. (“Santa Fe”) raising additional capital to satisfy the terms and conditions of the negotiated restructuring of its senior secured indebtedness, prompted the Company to evaluate its investment in the Summit mine Gold Stream. As a result of its review, the Company, during the year ended December 31, 2015, recorded an impairment charge of $3.3 million for the full balance of the mineral interest.

 

While assessing whether any indications of impairment exist for mineral properties, consideration is given to both external and internal sources of information. Given the decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company performed an impairment analysis of the Company’s mineral interests. As part of this assessment, the Company recorded impairment charges related to its interests in the Serra Pelada project, the Emigrant Springs Mine, and MWS in the amounts of $13.1 million, $5.8 million and $2.4 million.

 

Subsequent Events

 

Teck Royalty Package

 

On January 19, 2016, the Company announced that it had agreed to acquire 55 royalties from Teck Resources Limited (“Teck”) and its affiliates for total consideration of up to $22 million, payable in $1.4 million cash and $20.6 million in common shares of the Company.  Since that time, 36 of the royalties have been transferred to the Company with the remaining royalties expected to close by May 2016. The transaction provides:

 

·

Asset Diversification: the royalty package consists of assets in North America (33), Asia (10), South America (9) and Europe (3) and includes producing assets (4), development-stage projects (8), advanced exploration-stage projects (8) and exploration-stage properties (35);

·Immediate Cash Flow and Significant Cash Flow Growth Potential: the Company has estimated cash flow in 2016 of $1.5 million to $2.0 million, growing to $10 million to over $15 million in cash flow per year;

 

  15

 

 

·Strong Counterparties: royalty counterparties include Barrick Gold Corporation, Glencore plc, KGHM Polska Miedz SA, Newmont Mining Corporation, Kinross Gold Corporation, New Gold Inc. and Imperial Metals Corporation; and

·Long-Term Optionality: over two dozen royalties on exploration-stage properties, several of which are undergoing active exploration programs.

 

  16

 

 

SUMMARY OF ANNUAL RESULTS

 

Year Ended

 

In $000s   December 31, 2015     December 31, 2014     December 31, 2013  
Total revenue   $ 52,663     $ 56,494     $ 59,836  
Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold 1     45,146       44,821       42,709  
Gold sales   $ 38,585     $ 43,690     $ 50,644  
Royalty revenue     14,078       12,804       9,192  
Average realized gold price per ounce 1     1,167       1,260       1,401  
Average cash cost per ounce 1     300       321       356  
Cash flow from operations     30,819       35,224       32,217  
Cash flow from operations per share (basic) 1     0.26       0.31       0.34  
Cash flow from operations per share (diluted) 1     0.26       0.29       0.31  
Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders of Sandstorm     (43,056)       11,515       (73,752)  
Net (loss) income     (43,056)       11,515       (74,629)  
Basic(loss) income  per share     (0.36)       0.10       (0.78)  
Diluted(loss) income  per share     (0.36)       0.09       (0.78)  
Total assets     496,873       431,070       379,703  
Total long-term liabilities   $ 86,779     $ 5,892     $ 6,134  

 

1)See non-IFRS measures section below.

 

  17

 

 

The Company’s operating segments for the year ended
December 31, 2015 are summarized in the table below:

 

In $000s  Attributable
ounces sold
   Sales and
royalty
revenues
   Cost of sales
(excluding
depletion)
   Depletion   Impairment
of mineral
interests
   Income (loss)
before taxes
   Cash flow
from
operations
 
Aurizona   9,061   $10,773   $3,690   $1,072    -   $6,011   $7,083 
Bachelor Lake   7,101    8,285    3,550    4,220    -    515    4,735 
Black Fox   5,891    6,856    3,041    4,281    -    (466)    3,815 
Diavik Mine   4,863    5,656    -    6,273    -    (617)    4,480 
Ming   1,651    1,855    -    1,994    -    (139)    1,855 
Santa Elena   9,171    10,640    3,266    6,115    -    1,259    7,374 
Royalties   7,242    8,422    -    11,292    (18,322)    (21,192)    8,679 
Other   166    176    19    65    (3,323)   (3,227)    161 
Corporate   -    -    -    -    -    (16,088)    (7,363)
Consolidated   45,146   $52,663   $13,566   $35,312    (21,645)  $(33,944)   $30,819 

 

The Company’s operating segments for the year ended
December 31, 2014 are summarized in the table below:

 

In $000s  Attributable
ounces sold
   Sales and
royalty
revenues
   Cost of sales
(excluding
depletion)
   Depletion   Impairment
of mineral
interest
   Income (loss)
before taxes
   Cash flow
from
operations
 
Aurizona   12,361   $15,527   $4,986   $1,463   $-   $9,078   $10,541 
Bachelor Lake   9,324    11,899    4,662    5,541    -    1,696    7,237 
Black Fox   5,487    6,889    2,790    3,920    -    179    4,099 
Ming   1,964    2,459    -    1,611    -    848    2,459 
Santa Elena   5,516    6,916    1,945    3,359    -    1,612    4,971 
Royalties   10,169    12,804    -    12,019    (1,215)   (430)    13,674 
Corporate   -    -    -    -    -    (3,717)    (7,757)
Consolidated   44,821   $56,494   $14,383   $27,913   $(1,215)  $9,266   $35,224 

 

  18

 

 

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

 

(in accordance with IFRS)

 

Quarters Ended

 

In $000s  Dec. 31, 2015   Sep. 30, 2015   June. 30, 2015   Mar. 31, 2015 
Total revenue  $9,863   $12,086   $15,429   $15,285 
Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold 1   8,951    10,834    12,901    12,460 
Gold sales  $6,604   $9,055   $11,360   $11,566 
Royalty revenue   3,259    3,031    4,069    3,719 
Average realized gold price per attributable ounce  1   1,102    1,116    1,196    1,227 
Average cash cost per attributable ounce 1   258    307    304    323 
Cash flow from operations   4,987    8,234    9,479    8,119 
Cash flow from operations per share (basic) 1   0.04    0.07    0.08    0.07 
Cash flow from operations per share (diluted) 1   0.04    0.07    0.08    0.07 
Net (loss) income   (24,960)    (5,470)    (13,451)    825 
Basic (loss) income per share   (0.20)    (0.05)    (0.11)    0.01 
Diluted (loss) income per share   (0.20)    (0.05)    (0.11)    0.01 
Total assets   496.873    408.170    415.944    425,154 
Total long-term liabilities  $86,779   $4,768   $5,316   $5,341 

 

In $000s  Dec. 31, 2014   Sep. 30, 2014   Jun. 30, 2014   Mar. 31, 2014 
Total revenue  $12,488   $15,559   $13,153   $15,295 
Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold 1   10,424    12,282    10,149    11,966 
Gold sales  $9,463   $11,571   $9,724   $12,932 
Royalty revenue   3,025    3,988    3,429    2,363 
Average realized gold price per ounce 1   1,198    1,267    1,296    1,278 
Average cash cost per ounce 1   308    308    310    355 
Cash flow from operations   8,854    9,962    9,383    7,025 
Cash flow from operations per share (basic) 1   0.08    0.08    0.08    0.07 
Cash flow from operations per share (diluted) 1   0.07    0.08    0.08    0.06 
Net income (loss) attributable to
shareholders of Sandstorm
   2,608    2,076    3,039    3,792 
Net income (loss)   2,608    2,076    3,039    3,792 
Basic income (loss) per share   0.02    0.02    0.03    0.04 
Diluted income (loss) per share   0.02    0.02    0.03    0.03 
Total assets   431,070    445,368    456,050    400,299 
Total long-term liabilities  $5,892   $6,161   $5,922   $5,837 

 

1)See non-IFRS measures section below.

 

  19

 

 

Changes in sales, net income and cash flow from operations from quarter to quarter are affected primarily by fluctuations in production at the mines, the timing of shipments, changes in the price of gold, as well as acquisitions of Gold Stream and royalty agreements and the commencement of operations of mines under construction. For more information refer to the quarterly commentary discussed below.

 

The Company’s operating segments for the three months ended
December 31, 2015 are summarized in the table below:

 

In $000s  Attributable
ounces sold
   Sales and
royalty
revenues
   Cost of sales
(excluding
depletion)
   Depletion    Impairment
of mineral
interests
  Income (loss)
before taxes
   Cash flow
from operations
 
Aurizona   501   $579   $204   $59    -  $316   $375 
Bachelor Lake   1,383    1,523    692    822    -   9    831 
Black Fox   1,274    1,409    660    908    -   (159)   749 
Diavik Mine   1,067    1,176    -    1,808    -   (632)   1,016 
Ming   608    645    -    749    -   (104)   645 
Santa Elena   2,062    2,270    736    1,314    -   220    1,534 
Royalties   1,890    2,083    -    2,512    (18,322)   (18,751)   1,899 
Other   166    178    17    65    -   96    161 
Corporate   -    -    -    -    -   (9,801)   (2,223)
Consolidated   8,951   $9,863   $2,309   $8,237    (18,322)  $(28,806)  $4,987 

 

THREE MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2015
COMPARED TO THE THREE MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2014

 

For the three months ended December 31, 2015, net loss and cash flow from operations were $25.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, compared with net income and cash flow from operations of $2.6 million and $8.9 million for the comparable period in 2014. The change is attributable to a combination of factors including:

 

·A $6.5 million non-cash loss on the revaluation of the Company’s investments recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2015;

 

·An $18.3 million non-cash impairment charge relating to the Company’s mineral interests with respect to the Serra Pelada project, the Emigrant Springs Mine and MWS;

 

·A $1.0 million increase in administration expenses, during the three months ended December 31, 2015, resulting from increased corporate activity and the granting of employee annual bonuses due to the Company’s performance and the allocation of over $200 million of capital for the 2015 calendar year, resulting in the acquisition of over 25 Gold Streams and royalties; and

 

·A $0.4 million increase in interest expense as the Company fully drew on its Revolving Loan in October 2015.

 

For the three months ended December 31, 2015, revenue was $9.9 million compared with $12.5 million for the comparable period in 2014. The decrease is largely attributed to a number of factors including:

 

  20

 

 

·8% decrease in the average realized selling price of gold; and
·14% decrease in the number of Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold, due to:
i.84% decrease in gold ounces sold from the Aurizona Mine as Luna finished processing ore from the stockpile and ceased mining operations;
ii.18% decrease in gold ounces sold from the Bachelor Lake Mine primarily related to the mine experiencing lower feed grade largely driven by higher than expected dilution from some stopes; partially offset by
iii.31% increase in gold ounces sold from the Santa Elena Mine primarily attributed to solid production from the property and an improvement in the mining of underground stopes.

 

Year ENDED December 31, 2015
COMPARED TO THE Year ENDED December, 2014

 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, net loss and cash flow from operations were $43.1 million and $30.8 million, respectively, compared with net income and cash flow from operations of $11.5 million and $35.2 million for the comparable period in 2014. The change is attributable to a combination of factors including:

 

·An $8.1 million non-cash income tax expense related to a reduction of the Company’s deferred income tax asset relating to taxable income previously attributed to its Barbadian subsidiary;
 ·

A $21.6 million non-cash impairment charge relating to the Company’s mineral interests with respect to the Serra Pelada project, the Emigrant Springs Mine, MWS and the Santa Fe Gold Stream;

·A $7.4 million non-cash increase in depletion expense driven by a number of reasons including an increase in Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold;
·A $12.5 million non-cash loss on the revaluation of the Company’s investments;
·A $1.2 million increase in administration expenses largely driven by the vesting of previously granted stock based compensation and increased corporate activity;
·A number of non-recurring items recorded during the year ended December 31, 2014, including a one-time gain of $2.6 million recognized on the acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy which was partially offset by a non-cash impairment charge of $1.2 million relating the Company’s Bracemac-McLeod royalty; partially offset by
·A $5.0 million gain on the settlement of mineral interests largely driven by the Luna Gold Stream and loan restructuring; and
·A foreign exchange gain of $1.5 million largely driven by the consolidation of subsidiary entities with a different functional currency than the parent entity.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, revenue was $52.7 million compared with $56.5 million for the comparable period in 2014. The decrease is primarily related to a 7% decrease in the average realized selling price of gold. While total Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold were fairly consistent when comparing the two periods, there were some notable fluctuations in the year ended December 31, 2015, including:

 

i.A 66% increase in gold ounces sold from the Santa Elena Mine primarily attributed to solid production from the property and an improvement in the mining of underground stopes;

 

  21

 

 

ii.An additional 4,863 Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces arising from the Company’s recently acquired Diavik royalty;
iii.A 7% increase in gold ounces sold from the Black Fox Mine primarily driven from greater investments in underground development in an effort to improve mining and processing targets going forward; partially offset by
iv.A 27% decrease in gold ounces sold from the Aurizona Mine as Luna finished processing ore from the stockpile and ceased mining operations in 2015; and
v.A 24% decrease in gold ounces sold from the Bachelor Lake Mine primarily related to the mine experiencing lower feed grade largely driven by higher than expected dilution from some stopes.

 

three MONTHS ENDED December 31, 2015
COMPARED TO THE REMAINING QUARTERS

 

When comparing net loss of $25.0 million and cash flow from operations of $5.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2015 with net income/loss and operating cash flow for the remaining quarters, the following items impact comparability of analysis:

 

·An $8.1 million non-cash income tax expense related to a reduction of the Company’s deferred income tax asset relating to taxable income previously attributed to its Barbadian subsidiary which was recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2015;
 ·An $18.3 million non-cash impairment charge relating to the Company’s mineral interests with respect to the Serra Pelada project, the Emigrant Springs Mine and MWS which was recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2015;
·A $4.3 million gain on the settlement of the Luna Gold Stream and loan which was recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2015;
·A $3.3 million non-cash impairment relating to the Santa Fe Gold Stream recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2015;
·A one-time gain of $2.6 million recognized on the acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy which was recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2014;
·A non-cash impairment charge of $1.2 million relating the Company’s Bracemac-McLeod royalty recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2014;
·A general decrease in administration expenses when compared to previous quarters primarily driven by (i) the implementation of cost reduction programs when the Company acquired 100% of the common shares of Premier Royalty and (ii) the elimination of duplicated costs that were previously being consolidated;
·Overall, Gold Attributable Equivalent ounces sold have increased over the course of the last three years as result of various assets producing including: (i) the Aurizona Mine and the Santa Elena Mine began initial production late in 2010; (ii) the Company acquired the Diavik royalty during the three months ended March 31, 2015; and (iii) the Company began purchasing gold from the Black Fox Mine in 2011.

 

  22

 

 

Change in Total Assets

 

Total assets increased by $88.7 million from September 30, 2015 to December 31, 2015 primarily resulting from the acquisition of the Yamana Silver Stream and copper stream which were largely funded by utilizing the Company’s Revolving Loan; the increase was partially offset by depletion expense and a non-cash impairment charge on certain mineral interests. Total assets decreased by $7.8 million from June 30, 2015 to September 30, 2015 primarily resulting from depletion expense, which was partially offset by operating cash flows. Total assets decreased by $9.2 million from March 31, 2015 to June 30, 2015 primarily resulting from (i) the reduction of the Company’s deferred tax assets; and (ii) depletion expense; partially offset by operating cash flows. Total assets decreased by $5.9 million from December 31, 2014 to March 31, 2015 primarily resulting from (i) depletion expense; and (ii) a decline in the fair value of investments; partially offset by operating cash flows. Total assets increased by $51.4 million from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2014 primarily resulting from (i) the assets acquired from the Sandstorm Metals & Energy business combination; (ii) operating cash flows and (iii) the exercise of warrants; which were partially offset by (i) depletion expense; (ii) a decline in the fair value of investments; and (iii) by a non-cash impairment charge on the Bracemac-McLeod royalty.

 

Non-IFRS Measures

 

The Company has included, throughout this document, certain non-IFRS performance measures, including (i) average cash cost per attributable ounce; (ii) cash flow from operations per share (basic and diluted); and (iii) average realized gold price per attributable ounce.

 

i.Average cash cost per ounce is calculated by dividing the Company’s cost of sales (excluding depletion) by the number of Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold. The Company presents average cash cost per ounce as it believes that certain investors use this information to evaluate the Company’s performance in comparison to other companies in the precious metals mining industry who present results on a similar basis. Figure 1.1 provides a reconciliation of average cash cost of gold on a per ounce basis.

 

Figure 1.1

 

  3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Cost of Sales (excluding depletion) $ 2,309 $ 3,212 $ 13,566 $ 14,383
                 
Cash cost of sales is comprised of:                
Total cash cost of gold sold   2,309 $ 3,212   13,566 $ 14,383
Divided by:                
Total Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold 1   8,951   10,424   45,146   44,821
Equals:                
Average cash cost of gold
(per attributable ounce)
$ 258 $ 308 $ 300 $ 321

 

1)The Company’s royalty income is converted to an Attributable Gold Equivalent ounce basis by dividing the royalty income for that period by the average realized gold price per ounce from the Company’s Gold Streams for the same respective period. These Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces when combined with the gold ounces sold from the Company’s Gold Streams equal total Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold.

 

 

  23

 

 

 

ii.Cash flows from operations per share (basic and diluted) is calculated by dividing cash generated by operating activities by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (basic and diluted). The Company presents operating cash flows per share as it believes that certain investors use this information to evaluate the Company’s performance in comparison to other companies in the precious metals mining industry that present results on a similar basis. Figure 1.2 provides a reconciliation of cash flow from operations per share (basic and diluted).

 

Figure 1.2

 

  3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Cash generated by operating activities $ 4,989 $ 8,854 $ 30,819 $ 35,224
                 
Divided by:                
Basic weighted average number of shares outstanding   124,719,241   117,833,349   119,622,450   112,852,945
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding 1   124,733,004   118,469,499   119,687,423   121,398,498
Equals:                
Operating cash flow per share - basic $ 0.04 $ 0.08 $ 0.26 $ 0.31
Operating cash flow per share - diluted $ 0.04 $ 0.07 $ 0.26 $ 0.29

 

1)The diluted weighted average number of shares includes stock options and share purchase warrants that would have been dilutive if the Company had positive net income for the period.

 

iii.Average realized gold price per ounce is calculated by dividing the Company’s sales by the number of Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold. The Company presents average realized gold price per attributable ounce as it believes that certain investors use this information to evaluate the Company’s performance in comparison to other companies in the precious metals mining industry that present results on a similar basis. Figure 1.3 provides a reconciliation of average realized gold price per ounce.

 

Figure 1.3

 

  3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Year Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Total revenue $ 9,863 $ 12,488 $ 52,663 $ 56,494
                 
Divided by:                
Total Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold   8,951   10,424   45,146   44,821
Equals:                
Average realized gold price per ounce $ 1,102 $ 1,198 $ 1,167 $ 1,260

 

The Company has also used the non-IFRS measure of operating cash flows excluding changes in non-cash working capital. This measure is calculated by adding back the decrease in changes in non-cash working capital to cash generated by operating activities. These non-IFRS measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS, and other companies may calculate these measures differently.

 

The presentation of these non-IFRS measures is intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS.

 

  24

 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5.3 million (December 31, 2014 – $90.2 million) and working capital of $1.8 million (December 31, 2014 – $89.3 million).

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company generated operating cash flows of $30.8 million compared with $35.2 million during the comparable period in 2014, with the decrease being primarily attributable to a decrease in the average realized selling price of gold; which was partially offset by an increase in Attributable Gold Equivalent ounces sold.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company had cash outflows from investing activities of $221.4 million, which were primarily the result of: (i) the payment of $148 million to Yamana in connection with the Yamana commodity streams; (ii) the payment of $52.5 million to IAMGOLD Corporation in connection with the Diavik royalty and $3.0 million to Orezone in connection with the Bomboré royalty; (iii) a $6.7 million upfront payment related to the Karma Gold Stream; (iv) a loan of $2.0 million and (v) the acquisition of investments and other assets; partially offset by (i) the receipt of $7 million as a result of the Doray Minerals Ltd Gold Stream settlement agreement and (ii) the proceeds from the sale of other investments. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company had cash outflows from investing activities of $74.6 million, which were primarily the result of (i) Sandstorm exercising the Santa Elena underground mine option by making an upfront payment of $10.0 million; (ii) the acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy; (iii) a $10.0 million loan to Luna; (iv) the $14.4 million upfront payment related to the Karma Gold Stream; (v) the acquisition of investments totaling $27.5 million; and (vi) providing a $2.9 million loan.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company had net cash inflows from financing activities of $107.5 million largely related to: (i) drawing $110 million under the Company’s Revolving Loan to finance the Yamana commodity streams; and (ii) $28.8 million raised in gross proceeds from the Company’s November 2015 equity financing; which were partially offset by (i) the repayment of $26.5 million under the Company’s Revolving Loan; (ii) share issuance and deferred financing costs of $3.1 million; and (iii) $1.7 million in the redemption of the Company’s common shares under the NCIB. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company had net cash inflows from financing activities of $32.1 million, which were primarily comprised of the proceeds from the exercise of warrants partially offset by deferred financing costs and the redemption of the Company’s common shares under the NCIB.

 

  25

 

 

Contractual Obligations

 

In connection with its commodity streams, the Company has committed to purchase the following:

 

Stream % of Life of Mine Gold
or Relevant Commodity 5,6,7,8,9
Per Ounce Cash Payment:
lesser of amount below and the then
prevailing market price of the gold
(unless otherwise noted) 1, 2, 3, 4
Bachelor Lake 20% $500
Black Fox 8% $518
Chapada 4.2% 30% of copper spot price
Entrée Gold 5.62% on Hugo North Extension and 4.26% on Heruga $220
Karma 25,000 ounces over 5 years and 1.625% thereafter 20% of gold spot price
Ming 25% of the first 175,000 ounces of gold produced, and 12% thereafter $nil
Santa Elena 20% $357
Yamana Silver Stream Varies 30% of silver spot price

 

1)Subject to an annual inflationary adjustment except for Ming.
2)For the Entrée Gold Stream, after approximately 8.6 million ounces of gold have been produced from the joint venture property, the price increases to $500 per gold ounce.
3)For the Entrée Silver Stream, percentage of life of mine is 5.62% on Hugo North Extension and 4.26% on Heruga which the Company can purchase for the lesser of the prevailing market price and $5 per ounce of silver until 40.3 million ounces of silver have been produced from the entire joint venture property. Thereafter, the purchase price will increase to the lesser of the prevailing market price and $10 per ounce of silver.
4)For the Santa Elena Gold Stream, the Company can purchase for a per ounce cash payment equal to (i) the lesser of $357 and the then prevailing market price of gold for the open-pit mine and (ii) the lesser of $357 and the then prevailing market price of gold until 50,000 ounces of gold have been delivered to Sandstorm (inclusive of ounces already received from open-pit production), at which time the on-going per ounce payments will increase to the lesser of $450 and the then prevailing market price of gold for the underground mine.
5)For the Entrée Gold and Silver Stream, percentage of life of mine is 5.62% on Hugo North Extension and 4.26% on Heruga if the minerals produced are contained below 560 metres in depth.
6)For the Entrée Gold and Silver Stream, percentage of life of mine is 8.43% on Hugo North Extension and 6.39% on Heruga if the minerals produced are contained above 560 metres in depth.
7)For the Entrée copper stream, the Company has committed to purchase an amount equal to 0.42% of the copper produced from the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits. If the minerals produced are contained above 560 metres in depth, then the commitment increases to 0.62% for both the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits. Sandstorm will make ongoing per pound cash payments equal to the lesser of $0.50 and the then prevailing market price of copper, until 9.1 billion pounds of copper have been produced from the entire joint venture property. Thereafter, the on-going per pound payments will increase to the lesser of $1.10 and the then prevailing market price of copper.
8)For the Chapada copper stream, the Company has committed to purchase an amount equal to 4.2% of the copper produced (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper) until Yamana has delivered 39 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm; then 3.0% of the copper produced until, on a cumulative basis, Yamana has delivered 50 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm; then 1.5% of the copper produced thereafter, for the life of the mine. If Cerro Moro has not achieved the Commencement of Production and Sandstorm has not received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million from the Yamana Silver Stream, then the First Chapada Delivery Threshold and the Second Chapada Delivery Threshold will cease to be in effect and Sandstorm will continue to purchase 4.2% of Chapada’s payable copper production (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper), until such time as Sandstorm has received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million, or Cerro Moro has achieved the Commencement of Production.
9)Under the terms of the Yamana Silver Stream, Sandstorm has agreed to purchase an amount of silver from Cerro Moro equal to 20% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 1.2 million ounces of silver), until Yamana has delivered to Sandstorm 7.0 million ounces of silver; then 9.0% of the silver produced thereafter. As part of the Yamana Silver Stream, during the year 2016 through 2018, Sandstorm has also agreed to purchase an amount of silver from: (i) the Minera Florida mine in Chile equal to 38% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 200,000 ounces of silver); and (ii) the Chapada mine in Brazil equal to 52% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 100,000 ounces of silver).

 

  26

 

 

In connection with the Karma Gold Stream, the Stream Syndicate has provided True Gold with an 18 month option to increase funding by up to $20 million whereby Sandstorm’s commitment would be up to $5 million of the increase. As of the date of the MD&A, the Company had remitted $1.25 million of that commitment.

 

In connection with the Bomboré royalty, Sandstorm has committed to providing up to an additional $5.0 million in royalty financing (remittable in cash and/or shares, subject to certain conditions) to Orezone on a draw down basis until January 27, 2017.

 

As part of the Yamana transaction, the Company drew on its Revolving Loan. The Company will, from time to time, repay balances outstanding on its Revolving Loan with operating cash flow and cash flow from other sources. The amounts drawn on the Revolving Loan remain subject to interest at LIBOR plus 3.00% – 4.25% per annum, and the undrawn portion of the Revolving Loan remains subject to a standby fee of 0.75% – 1.05% per annum, dependent on the Company’s leverage ratio. The Revolving Loan matures in July 2019.

 

Share Capital

 

As of March 30, 2016, the Company had 137,930,795 common shares outstanding. As disclosed previously, the funds from the issuance of share capital have been used to finance the acquisition of Gold Streams and royalties (recent acquisitions are described earlier in greater detail), with the net proceeds of the 2015 equity financing used to reduce the balance of the Company’s Revolving Loan.

 

A summary of the Company’s share purchase options as of March 30, 2016 are as follows:

 

Number
outstanding
Vested Exercise Price
per Share (C$)
Expiry Date
66,000 66,000 $6.30 August 25, 2016
1,129,000 1,129,000 $6.35 November 25, 2016
27,000 27,000 $18.33 August 22, 2017
5,850 5,850 $18.33 October 4, 2017
402,133 402,133 $16.35 December 11, 2017
150,000 150,000 $11.78 December 21, 2017
10,875 10,875 $11.31 February 19, 2018
3,625 3,625 $10.62 March 1, 2018
12,375 12,375 $8.89 December 13, 2018
25,000 8,334 $6.03 May 16, 2019
3,737,474 1,245,834 $2.93 November 13, 2019
1,084,000 - $3.60 December 9, 2020
200,000 - $3.64 December 22, 2020
2,250 2,250 $15.00 March 30, 2022
6,855,582 3,063,276 $6.70  

 

  27

 

 

A summary of the Company’s warrants as of March 30, 2016 are as follows:

 

Number
outstanding
Exercise Price
per Share
Expiry Date
32,400 C$11.11 May 1, 2016
1,155,873 C$13.79 Dec. 4, 2016
5,002,500 $14.00 Sep. 7, 2017
3,000,000 $4.50 Mar. 23, 2020
15,000,000 $3.50 Oct. 26, 2020
5,043,900 $4.00 Nov. 3, 2020
29,234,673    

 

The Company has 1,395,517 Restricted Share Rights (“RSRs”) outstanding as at March 30, 2016.

 

Key Management Personnel Compensation

 

The remuneration of directors and those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling activities of the Company are as follows:

 

  Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Short-term employee salaries and benefits $ 2,345 $ 1,921
Share-based payments   1,837   1,736
Total key management compensation expense $ 4,182 $ 3,657

 

Financial Instruments

 

The fair value of the Company's other financial instruments which include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, loans receivable, receivables and other, trade and other payables and bank debt. All financial instruments are initially recorded at fair value.

 

Credit Risk

 

The Company’s credit risk is limited to cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, loans receivable, and receivables and other in the ordinary course of business. The Company sells gold exclusively to third parties with a history in commodities. The Company’s trade receivables and other is subject to the credit risk of the counterparties who own and operate the mines underlying Sandstorm’s royalty portfolio. The Company’s loan receivable and convertible debenture due from Luna is subject to Luna’s credit risk and the Company’s ability to realize on its security.

 

  28

 

 

Currency Risk

 

Financial instruments that impact the Company’s net (loss) income or other comprehensive (loss) income due to currency fluctuations include: cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, investments and trade and other payables denominated in Canadian dollars. Based on the Company's Canadian dollar denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at December 31, 2015, a 10% increase (decrease) of the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the United States dollar would (decrease) increase net loss by $0.4 million and other comprehensive loss by $1.5 million, respectively.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its outstanding borrowings. Presently, all of the Company’s outstanding borrowings are at floating rates. The Company monitors its exposure to interest rates and has not entered into any derivative contracts to manage risk. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the weighted average effective interest rate paid by the Company on the amount drawn on its outstanding borrowings was 3.4% (2014- Revolving Loan facility was undrawn). A fluctuation in interest rates of 100 basis points (1 percent) would have affected finance expense by approximately $0.2 million.

 

Other Risks

 

Sandstorm holds common shares, convertible debentures, and warrants of other companies with a combined market value as at December 31, 2015, of $26.6 million (December 31, 2014 – $24.0 million). The daily exchange traded volume of these shares, including the shares underlying the warrants, may not be sufficient for the Company to liquidate its position in a short period of time without potentially affecting the market value of the shares. The Company is subject to default risk with respect to any debt instruments. Aside from the outstanding balance on the Company’s revolving credit facility, the Company is not subject to other price risks. Except for the Company’s exposure to liquidity risk with respect to the Luna Debenture and the revolving credit facility, the Company’s exposure to these risks has not changed significantly from the prior year.

 

  29

 

 

Risks to Sandstorm

 

The primary risk factors affecting the Company are set forth below. For additional discussion of risk factors, please refer to the Company’s annual information form dated March 30, 2016, which is available on www.sedar.com.

 

Risks Relating To Mineral Projects

 

To the extent that they relate to the production of gold from, or the operation of, the Chapada Mine, the Cerro Moro Project, the Diavik Mine, the Aurizona Mine, the Santa Elena Mine, the Karma Project, the Ming Mine, the Black Fox Mine, the Bachelor Lake Mine, the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits, the Mt. Hamilton Project, the Gualcamayo Mine, the Emigrant Springs Mine, MWS, the San Andres Mine, the Bomboré Project, the Prairie Creek Project, the Bracemac-McLeod Mine, the Serra Pelada Mine, the Hot Maden Project, the Hackett River Project, the Lobo-Marte Project, Agi Dagi and Kirazli or other royalties in Sandstorm’s portfolio (the “Mines”), the Company will be subject to the risk factors applicable to the operators of such Mines. Whether the Mines will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, including cash costs associated with extraction and processing, the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, as well as metal prices which are highly cyclical and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection. The Mines are also subject to other risks that could lead to their shutdown and closure including flooding and weather related events, the failure to receive permits or having existing permits revoked, collapse of mining infrastructure including tailings pond, as well as community or social related issues. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in the Mines becoming uneconomic resulting in their shutdown and closure. The Company is not entitled to purchase gold if no gold is produced from the Mines.

 

No Control Over Mining Operations

 

The Company has no contractual rights relating to the operation or development of the Mines. Except for any payments which may be payable in accordance with applicable completion guarantees or cash flow guarantees, the Company will not be entitled to any material compensation if these mining operations do not meet their forecasted gold or other production targets in any specified period or if the Mines shut down or discontinue their operations on a temporary or permanent basis. The Mines may not commence commercial production within the time frames anticipated, if at all, and there can be no assurance that the gold or other production from such properties will ultimately meet forecasts or targets. At any time, any of the operators of the Mines or their successors may decide to suspend or discontinue operations. The Company is subject to the risk that the Mines shut down on a temporary or permanent basis due to issues including, but not limited to economics, lack of financial capital, floods, fire, mechanical malfunctions, social unrest, expropriation and other risks. There are no guarantees the Mines will achieve commercial production, ramp-up targets or complete expansion plans. These issues are common in the mining industry and can occur frequently.

 

Government Regulations

 

The Mines are subject to various foreign laws and regulations governing prospecting, exploration, development, production, exports, taxes, labour standards, waste disposal, protection and remediation of the environment, reclamation, historic and cultural resources preservation, mine safety and occupation health, handling, storage and transportation of hazardous substances and other matters. It is possible that the risks of expropriation, cancellation or dispute of licenses could result in substantial costs, losses and liabilities in the future. The costs of discovering, evaluating, planning, designing, developing, constructing, operating and closing the Mines in compliance with such laws and regulations are significant. It is possible that the costs and delays associated with compliance of such laws and regulations could become such that the owners or operators of the Mines would not proceed with the development of or continue to operate the Mines. Moreover, it is possible that future regulatory developments, such as increasingly strict environmental protection laws, regulations and enforcement policies thereunder, and claims for damages to property and persons resulting from the Mines could result in substantial costs and liabilities in the future.

 

  30

 

  

International Operations

 

The Chapada Mine and the Aurizona Mine are located in Brazil, the Santa Elena Mine is located in Mexico, the Emigrant Springs Mine and the Mt. Hamilton Project are located in the United States of America, the Gualcamayo Mine and the Cerro Moro Project is located in Argentina, MWS is located in South Africa, the Hugo North Extension and Heruga projects are located in Mongolia, the Karma Project and Bomboré Project are located in Burkina Faso, the San Andres Mine is located in Honduras, the Hot Maden Project, Agi Dagi and Kirazli are located in Turkey, the Lobo-Marte Project is located in Chile, and each of the Diavik Mine, the Ming Mine, the Black Fox Mine, Bachelor Lake Mine, Prairie Creek Project, the Hackett River Project and the Bracemac-McLeod Mine are located in Canada and as such, the Mines are exposed to various levels of political, economic and other risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, terrorism, hostage taking, military repression, crime, political instability, currency controls, extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates, high rates of inflation, labour unrest, the risks of war or civil unrest, expropriation and nationalization, renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits, approvals and contracts, illegal mining, changes in taxation policies, restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation, and changing political conditions, and governmental regulations. Changes, if any, in mining or investment policies or shifts in political attitude in Mexico, Brazil, Mongolia, the United States of America, Burkina Faso, Argentina, Honduras, French Guiana, Chile, Turkey or Canada may adversely affect the operations or profitability of the Mines in these countries. Operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use, mine safety and the rewarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. Any changes or unfavorable assessments with respect to (i) the validity, ownership or existence of the Entrée concessions; as well as (ii) the validity or enforceability of Entrée’s joint venture agreement with Oyu Tolgoi LLC may adversely affect the Company’s profitability or profits realized under the Entrée Gold Stream. The Serra Pelada royalty cash flow or profitability may be adversely impacted if the Cooperative de Mineracao dos Garimpeiros de Serra Pelada, which hold a 25% interest in the Serra Pelada Mine, continue to take unfavorable actions. In addition, Colossus’ Brazilian subsidiary has payables in excess of $30 million and accordingly, there is a risk that they may be unable to repay their debts, resulting in insolvency and loss any rights to the Serra Pelada Mine. Moreover, there is no certainty that the Karma Project will achieve its intended production and/or construction timeline, if ever. A failure to comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral right applications and tenure, could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners with carried or other interests. The occurrence of these various factors and uncertainties cannot be accurately predicted and could have an adverse effect on the Mines.

 

  31

 

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company has a subsidiary in Barbados, Sandstorm Gold Bank Limited, which entered into Gold Streams in connection with the Aurizona, Karma, and Santa Elena transactions. No assurance can be given that new taxation rules will not be enacted or that existing rules will not be applied in a manner which could result in the Company’s past and future profits being subject to increased levels of income tax (refer to discussion earlier). The Company’s international transactions have not yet been reviewed by the Canada Revenue Agency, and should such transactions be reviewed no assurances can be given that the tax matters will be resolved favorably. The Company’s Gold Streams and royalties in connection with Chapada, Cerro Moro, Diavik, Black Fox, Ming, Hugo North Extension and Heruga, MWS, Bachelor Lake, Mt. Hamilton, Prairie Creek, San Andres, Hot Maden Project, Hackett River Project, Lobo-Marte Project, Agi Dagi, Kirazli and Bracemac-McLeod transactions have been entered into directly by Canadian based subsidiaries and will therefore, be subject to Canadian, and/or U.S./international taxation, as the case may be. The Gualcamayo NSR was entered into through an Argentinian subsidiary and therefore, may be subject to Canadian, and/or Argentinian taxation, as the case may be. The Emigrant Springs NSR was entered into through a US subsidiary and therefore, may be subject to Canadian, and/or US taxation, as the case may be.

 

Gold and Silver Prices

 

The price of the common shares, warrants, and the Company’s financial results may be significantly adversely affected by a decline in the price of gold and silver. The price of gold and silver fluctuates widely, especially in recent years, and is affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control, including but not limited to, the sale or purchase of gold and silver by various central banks and financial institutions, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional supply and demand, and the political and economic conditions of major gold and silver producing countries throughout the world. In the event that the prevailing market price of gold is less than $518 per ounce in the case of the Black Fox Gold Stream, $500 per ounce in the case of the Bachelor Lake Gold Stream, $357 or $450 per ounce in the case of the Santa Elena Gold Stream, and $220 per ounce in the case of the Hugo North Extension and Heruga Gold Stream, the purchase price will be the then prevailing market price per ounce of gold and the Company will not generate positive cash flow or earnings on those Gold Streams. Furthermore, if the gold or silver price drops below the cost of producing gold or silver at the Mines, then the Mines may not produce any gold or silver. As a result, the Company will not be entitled to purchase any gold or silver.

 

Diamond Prices and Demand for Diamonds

 

The price of the common shares, warrants, and the Company’s financial results may be significantly adversely affected by a decline in the price and demand for diamonds. Diamond prices fluctuate and are affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including worldwide economic trends, worldwide levels of diamond discovery and production, and the level of demand for, and discretionary spending on, luxury goods such as diamonds. Low or negative growth in the worldwide economy, renewed or additional credit market disruptions, natural disasters or the occurrence of terrorist attacks or similar activities creating disruptions in economic growth could result in decreased demand for luxury goods such as diamonds, thereby negatively affecting the price of diamonds. Similarly, a substantial increase in the worldwide level of diamond production or the release of stocks held back during recent periods of lower demand could also negatively affect the price of diamonds. In each case, such developments could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

 

  32

 

 

Copper Prices

 

The price of the common shares, warrants, and the Company’s financial results may be significantly adversely affected by a decline in the price of copper. Copper prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control, including global supply and demand, expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, the exchange rates of the U.S. dollar to other currencies, interest rates, forward selling by producers, central bank sales and purchases, production and cost levels in major producing regions, global or regional political, economic or financial situations and a number of other factors. Furthermore, if the copper price drops below the cost of producing copper at the Mines, then the Mines may not produce any copper. As a result, the Company will not be entitled to purchase any copper.

 

Solvency Risk

 

The price of the common shares and the Company’s financial results may be significantly affected by the Mines operators’ ability to continue as a going concern and have access to capital. The lack of access to capital could result in these companies entering bankruptcy proceedings and as a result, Sandstorm may not be able to realize any value from its respective streams or royalties.

 

Other

 

Critical Accounting Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenditures during the periods presented. Notes 2 and 4 of the Company’s 2015 annual consolidated financial statements describes all of the significant accounting policies as well as the significant judgments and estimates.

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that all relevant information is gathered and reported to senior management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, on a timely basis so that appropriate decisions can be made regarding public disclosure. The Company’s system of disclosure controls and procedures includes, but is not limited to, the Disclosure Policy, the Code of Conduct, the Stock Trading Policy, Corporate Governance, the effective functioning of the Audit Committee and procedures in place to systematically identify matters warranting consideration of disclosure by the Audit Committee.

 

  33

 

 

As at the end of the period covered by this Management’s Discussion and Analysis, management of the Company, with the participation of Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as required by National Instrument 52-109 in Canada (“NI 52-109”) and under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in the United States. The evaluation included documentation review, enquiries and other procedures considered by management to be appropriate in the circumstances. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, as a result of a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13(a) – 15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s annual filings and interim filings and other reports filed or submitted under applicable securities laws, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within time periods specified by those laws and that material information is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in the rules of the National Instrument 52-109 in Canada (“NI 52-109”) and under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in the United States. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

 

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes:

 

·maintaining records, that in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

·providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB;

·providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are made in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and

·providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements because of inherent limitations. Additionally, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with the Company’s policies and procedures. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In connection with the assessment, management identified a material weakness relating to the review control over the impairment of long-lived assets and because of this material weakness management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. The material weakness could have resulted in a material misstatement related to the understatement of impairment expense and overstatement of mineral interests in the annual consolidated financial statement as at and for the year ended December 31, 2015.  These misstatements were corrected prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements and therefore, there were no misstatements in the Company’s current or prior period consolidated financial statements. In response to the identified material weakness, management is taking specific actions to address the material weakness. The enhancements include the following: (i) the Company had hired an additional resource to assist in its evaluation of the Company’s financial reporting; and (ii) the Company has engaged an external search firm to assist in the hiring of a further additional resource to assist in the documentation and review of its internal controls. Remediation will require that changed or new controls operate for a sufficient period of time such that effectiveness of those changes is demonstrated with an appropriate amount of consistency. As the Company implements these plans, management may determine that additional steps may be necessary.

 

  34

 

 

Deloitte LLP, the Company's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, have audited the annual consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2015, and have also issued a report on the internal controls over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

Changes in Internal Controls

 

Other than the material weakness described above, during the year ended December 31, 2015, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Limitations of Controls and Procedures 

 

The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, they cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been prevented or detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by unauthorized override of the control. The design of any systems of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in a cost effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 

Future Changes in Accounting Policies

 

The IASB has issued the following new standard but it is not yet effective. Pronouncements that are not applicable to the Company have been excluded from this note.

 

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers— The final standard on revenue from contracts with customers was issued on May 28, 2014 and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 for public entities with early application permitted. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt the guidance. The Company is assessing the impact of this Standard.

 

  35

 

 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This MD&A and any exhibits attached hereto and incorporated herein, if any, contain “forward-looking statements”, within the meaning of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the U.S. Securities exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and applicable Canadian and other securities legislation, concerning the business, operations and financial performance and condition of Sandstorm. Forward-looking information is provided as of the date of this MD&A and Sandstorm does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update this forward-looking information, except as required by law.

 

Generally, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “plans”, “expects” or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “budget”, “scheduled”, “estimates”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “anticipates” or “does not anticipate”, or “believes”, or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might” or “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved”. Forward-looking information is based on reasonable assumptions that have been made by Sandstorm as at the date of such information and is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of Sandstorm to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including but not limited to: the impact of general business and economic conditions; the Chapada Mine, the Cerro Moro Project, the Ming Mine, the Gualcamayo Mine, the Karma Project, the Emigrant Springs Mine, MWS, the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits, the mines underlying the Sandstorm portfolio of royalties, the Bachelor Lake Mine, the Diavik Mine, the Mt. Hamilton mine, the Prairie Creek Project, the San Andres Mine, the Bomboré Project, the Hot Maden Project, the Hackett River Project, the Lobo-Marte Project, Agi Dagi and Kirazli or the Bracemac-McLeod Mine; the absence of control over mining operations from which Sandstorm will purchase gold and risks related to those mining operations, including risks related to international operations, government and environmental regulation, actual results of current exploration activities, conclusions of economic evaluations and changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; problems inherent to the marketability of minerals; industry conditions, including fluctuations in the price of metals, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and fluctuations in interest rates; government entities interpreting existing tax legislation or enacting new tax legislation in a way which adversely affects Sandstorm; stock market volatility; competition; as well as those factors discussed in the section entitled “Risks to Sandstorm” herein and those risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” contained in Sandstorm’s most recent Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2015 available at www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov and incorporated by reference herein.

 

Forward-looking information in this MD&A includes, among other things, disclosure regarding: Sandstorm’s existing Gold Streams and royalties as well as its future outlook, the mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates for each of the Chapada Mine, the Cerro Moro Project, the Diavik Mine, the Aurizona Mine, the Gualcamayo Mine, the Emigrant Springs Mine, MWS, the Santa Elena Mine, the Ming Mine, the Black Fox Mine, the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits, the Karma Project, the mines underlying the Sandstorm portfolio of royalties, the Bachelor Lake Mine, the Mt. Hamilton Mine, the Prairie Creek Project, the San Andres Mine, the Bomboré Project, the Hot Maden Project, the Hackett River Project, the Lobo-Marte Project, Agi Dagi and Kirazli and the Bracemac-McLeod Mine. Forward-looking information is based on assumptions management believes to be reasonable, including but not limited to the continued operation of the mining operations from which Sandstorm will purchase gold, no material adverse change in the market price of commodities, that the mining operations will operate in accordance with their public statements and achieve their stated production outcomes, and such other assumptions and factors as set out therein.

 

Although Sandstorm has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such information. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information.

 

  36

 

  

MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and all the information in this annual report are the responsibility of management and have been approved by the Board of Directors.

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management on a going concern basis in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). When alternative accounting methods exist, management has chosen those it deems most appropriate in the circumstances. Financial statements are not exact since they include certain amounts based on estimates and judgments. Management has determined such amounts on a reasonable basis in order to ensure that the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects. Management has prepared the financial information presented elsewhere in the annual report and has ensured that it is consistent with that in the financial statements.

 

Sandstorm Gold Ltd. maintains systems of internal accounting and administrative controls in order to provide, on a reasonable basis, assurance that the financial information is relevant, reliable and accurate and that the Company's assets are appropriately accounted for and adequately safeguarded.

 

The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfills its responsibilities for financial reporting and is ultimately responsible for reviewing and approving the financial statements. The Board carries out this responsibility principally through its Audit Committee.

 

The Audit Committee is appointed by the Board, and all of its members are independent directors. The Committee meets at least four times a year with management, as well as the external auditors, to discuss internal controls over the financial reporting process, auditing matters and financial reporting issues, to satisfy itself that each party is properly discharging its responsibilities, and to review the quarterly and the annual reports, the financial statements and the external auditors' report. The Committee reports its findings to the Board for consideration when approving the financial statements for issuance to the shareholders. The Committee also considers, for review by the Board and approval by the shareholders, the engagement or reappointment of the external auditors. The consolidated financial statements have been audited by Deloitte LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) on behalf of the shareholders. Deloitte LLP have full and free access to the Audit Committee.

 

“Nolan Watson” “Erfan Kazemi”
President & Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
   
March 30, 2016  

 

  37

 

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Sandstorm Gold Ltd.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December, 31 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the consolidated statement of (loss) income, consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income, consolidated statements of changes in equity, and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

 

Management's Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

Auditor's Responsibility

 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.

 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

Opinion

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and subsidiaries as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and their financial performance and their cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

Other Matter

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 30, 2016 expressed an adverse opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/S/ Deloitte LLP

 

Chartered Professional Accountants
March 30, 2016
Vancouver, Canada

 

  38

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Sandstorm Gold Ltd.

 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management's assessment: management identified a material weakness relating to the review control over the impairment of long-lived assets. The material weakness could have resulted in a material misstatement related to the understatement of impairment expense and overstatement of mineral interests in the consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2015. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015, of the Company and this report does not affect our report on such consolidated financial statements dated March 30, 2016, which expressed an unmodified/unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

 

In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness identified above on the achievement of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 of the Company and our report dated March 30, 2016 expressed an unmodified/unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

 

/S/ Deloitte LLP

 

Chartered Professional Accountants
March 30, 2016
Vancouver, Canada

 

  39

 

 

SANDSTORM GOLD LTD.

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Annual 2015

  

  40

 

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION Expressed in U.S. dollars ($000s)

 

ASSETS Note December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014
Current          
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 5,346 $ 90,224
Trade receivables and other     3,876   2,746
    $ 9,222 $ 92,970
Non-current          
Mineral interests and royalties 7 $ 414,363 $ 261,882
Investments 8   26,580   23,989
Deferred financing costs 9   2,220   2,138
Loan receivable 7   23,821   21,155
Deferred income tax assets 11   19,650   27,600
Receivables and other     1,017   1,336
Total assets   $ 496,873 $ 431,070
           
LIABILITIES          
Current          
Trade and other payables   $ 7,443 $ 3,631
Non-current          
Bank debt 9   83,500   -
Deferred income tax liabilities 11   3,279   5,892
      86,779   5,892
    $ 94,222 $ 9,523
           
EQUITY          
Share capital 10 $ 491,769 $ 456,670
Reserves 10   23,368   21,132
Deficit     (60,926)   (17,870)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss     (51,560)   (38,385)
    $ 402,651 $ 421,547
Total liabilities and equity   $ 496,873 $ 431,070

 

Contractual obligations (Note 15)

Subsequent events (Note 17)

 

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

 

“Nolan Watson”, Director “David DeWitt”, Director

 

- The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements –

 

  41

 

 

Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income Expressed in U.S. dollars ($000s)

 

  Note Year Ended
December 31, 2015

Year Ended
December 31, 2014

(note 2 b)

Sales 16 $ 38,585 $ 43,690
Royalty revenue 16   14,078   12,804
    $ 52,663 $ 56,494
           
Cost of sales, excluding depletion   $ 13,566 $ 14,383
Depletion     35,312   27,913
Total cost of sales   $ 48,878 $ 42,296
           
Gross Profit   $ 3,785 $ 14,198
           
Expenses and other (income)          
·  Administration expenses 1 12 $ 5,690 $ 4,535
·  Project evaluation1     4,346   3,137
·  Foreign exchange gain     (1,532)   (2,091)
·  Loss on revaluation of investments 8   12,463   951
·  Finance income     (1,610)   (1,596)
·  Finance expenses and other     1,693   1,346
·  Gain on restructuring of mineral interest, bargain purchase and other 6 (b), 7 (b)   (4,966)   (2,565)
·  Mineral interest impairments 7 (c)  

21,645

  1,215
(Loss) income before taxes   $ (33,944) $ 9,266
           
Current income tax expense 11 $ 871 $ 1,062
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) 11   8,241   (3,311)
      9,112   (2,249)
Net (loss) income for the year   $ (43,056) $ 11,515
           
Basic (loss) earnings per share   $ (0.36) $ 0.10
Diluted (loss) earnings per share   $ (0.36) $ 0.09
           
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding          
·  Basic 10 (e)   119,622,450   112,852,945
·  Diluted 10 (e)   119,622,450   121,398,498
1 Equity settled stock based compensation (a non-cash item)
   is included in administration expenses and project evaluation
  $ 2,706 $ 2,096

 

- The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements –

 

  42

 

 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income Expressed in U.S. dollars ($000s)

 

  Note Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Net (loss) income for the year   $ (43,056) $ 11,515
           
Other comprehensive loss for the year          
Items that may subsequently be re-classified to net income (loss):        
·  Currency translation differences   $ (5,668) $ (6,727)
Items that will not subsequently be re-classified to net income (loss):        
·  Unrealized loss on investments 8   (7,507)   (19,909)
Total other comprehensive loss for the year   $ (13,175) $ (26,636)
Total comprehensive loss for the year   $ (56,231) $ (15,121)

 

- The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements –

 

  43

 

 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Expressed in U.S. dollars ($000s)

 

Cash flow from (used in): Note Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Operating activities          
·  Net (loss) income for the year   $

(43,056)

$ 11,515
·  Items not affecting cash:          
·  Mineral interest impairments 7 (c)   21,645   1,215
·  Depletion and depreciation and financing amortization     35,998   28,579
·  Deferred income tax expense (recovery) 11   8,116   (3,321)
·  Share-based payment     2,706   2,096
·  Loss on revaluation of investments     12,463   951
·  Unrealized foreign exchange gain     (1,687)   (2,231)
·  Interest on loan receivable and other     (674)   (853)
·  Gain on restructuring of mineral interest, bargain purchase and other 6 (b), 7(b)   (4,966)   (2,565)
·  Changes in non-cash working capital 13   274   (162)
    $ 30,819 $ 35,224
Investing activities          
·  Acquisition of mineral interests and royalties 7 $ (217,345) $ (27,907)
·  Acquisition of investments and other assets 7,8   (14,398)   (27,508)
·  Proceeds from disposition of investments and other assets     11,039   -
·  Acquisition of Gold Royalties Corp., net of cash acquired of $1.3M 6 (a)   1,288   -
·  Acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd., net of cash acquired of $4.1M 6 (b)   -   (6,242)
·  Loan issuance     (1,993)   (12,893)
    $ (221,409) $ (74,550)
Financing activities          
·  Bank debt drawn 9 $ 110,000 $ -
·  Bank debt repaid 9 (26,500) -
·  Proceeds on equity financing and exercise of warrants and options 10 28,789 34,937
·  Redemption of common share purchase warrants – Premier Royalty     -   (1,164)
·  Share issue and deferred financing costs 9, 10   (3,128)   (985)
·  Redemption of common shares (normal course issuer bid) 10   (1,708)   (682)
    $ 107,453 $ 32,106
           
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents   $ (1,741) $ (1,492)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents     (84,878)   (8,712)
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of the year     90,224   98,936
Cash and cash equivalents – end of the year   $ 5,346 $ 90,224
           
Cash and cash equivalents, at the end of the year          
Cash at bank   $ 5,346 $ 20,647
Short-term deposit   $ - $ 69,577

 

Supplemental cash flow information (note 13)

 

- The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements –

 

  44

 

 

 

Consolidated Statements of CHANGES IN EQUITY Expressed in U.S. dollars ($000s)

 

    Share Capital Reserves      
  Note Number Amount Share
Options
Share
Purchase
Warrants
Retained Earnings
(Deficit)
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Total
At January 1, 2014   100,028,138 $ 383,082 $ 8,083 $ 20,105 $ (29,385) $ (11,749) $ 370,136
Shares issued on exercise of warrants 10 (a) 11,041,020   41,013   -   (7,796)   -   -   33,217
Options exercised 10 (b) 862,000   2,291   (570)   -   -   -   1,721
Share issue costs   -   (27)   -   -   -   -   (27)
Expiration of unexercised warrants   -   192   -   (192)   -   -   -
Shares issued on acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd. 6 (b) 5,698,216   30,078   -   -   -   -   30,078
Issuance of replacement equity awards 6 (b) -   -   129   -   -   -   129
Vesting of restricted stock rights   70,898   723   (723)   -   -   -   -
Redemption of common shares (normal course issuer bid)   (222,090)   (682)   -   -   -   -   (682)
Share based payment   -   -   2,096   -   -   -   2,096
Net income for the year   -   -   -   -   11,515   -   11,515
Other comprehensive loss   -   -   -   -   -   (26,636)   (26,636)
At December 31, 2014   117,478,182 $ 456,670 $ 9,015 $ 12,117 $ (17,870) $ (38,385) $ 421,547
Shares issued   10,087,800   27,136   -   1,614   -   -   28,750
Options exercised 10 (b) 155,000   684   (170)   -   -   -   514
Vesting of restricted stock rights   77,138   725   (725)   -   -   -   -
Expiration of unexercised warrants   -   4,388   -   (4,388)   -   -   -
Redemption of common shares (normal course issuer bid) and other 10 (a) (518,123)   (1,708)   (475)   -   -   -   (2,183)
Issuance of warrants 7 (b) -   -   -   3,674   -   -   3,674
Share issuance costs (net of tax of $1.0 million)   -   (1,561)   -   -   -   -   (1,561)
Shares issued on acquisition of Gold Royalties Corporation and other 6 (a) 1,600,317   5,435   -   -   -   -   5,435
Share based payment   -   -   2,706   -   -   -   2,706
Net loss for the year   -   -   -   -   (43,056)   -   (43,056)
Other comprehensive loss   -   -   -   -   -   (13,175)   (13,175)
At December 31, 2015   128,880,314 $ 491,769 $ 10,351 $ 13,017 $ (60,926) $ (51,560) $ 402,651

 

- The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements –

 

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Notes to the Consolidated

Financial Statements

 December 31, 2015

 

Expressed in U.S. dollars

 

1.Nature Of Operations

 

Sandstorm Gold Ltd. was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act of British Columbia on March 23, 2007. Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and its subsidiary entities ("Sandstorm", “Sandstorm Gold” or the "Company") is a resource-based company that seeks to acquire gold and other precious metal purchase agreements (“Gold Streams” or “Silver Streams”) and royalties from companies that have advanced stage development projects or operating mines. In return for making an upfront payment to acquire a Gold Stream, Sandstorm receives the right to purchase, at a fixed price per unit, a percentage of a mine’s production for the life of the mine. 

 

The head office, principal address and registered office of the Company are located at Suite 1400, 400 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 3A6.

 

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors of the Company on March 30, 2016. 

 

2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

A.Statement of Compliance

 

These consolidated financial statements, including comparatives, have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

 

B.Basis of Presentation

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair value.

 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars, and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand except as otherwise indicated.

 

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The Company has allocated certain salary and related costs and stock based compensation to project evaluation in the Consolidated Statement of (Loss) Income during the year ended December 31, 2015. The comparative figures have been adjusted to reflect the reallocation of these costs from administration expense to project evaluation. The adjustment resulted in a decrease of administration expenses and an increase in project evaluation by $2.4 million, respectively.

 

C.Principles of Consolidation

 

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries Sandstorm Gold Bank Limited, Sandstorm Gold (Canada) Holdings Ltd., Bridgeport Gold Inc., Inversiones Mineras Australes Holdings (BVI) Inc., Inversiones Mineras Australes S.A., Premier Royalty U.S.A. Inc., Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd., Sandstorm Metals & Energy (Canada) Holdings Ltd, Sandstorm Metals & Energy (Canada) Ltd. and Sandstorm Metals & Energy (US) Inc. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date the Company obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that control ceases. Control is achieved when the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

 

All intercompany balances, transactions, revenues and expenses have been eliminated on consolidation.

 

D.Business Combinations

 

On the acquisition of a business, the acquisition method of accounting is used, whereby the purchase consideration is allocated to the identifiable assets and liabilities on the basis of fair value at the date of acquisition. Provisional fair values allocated at a reporting date are finalized as soon as the relevant information is available, within a period not to exceed twelve months from the acquisition date with retrospective restatement of the impact of adjustments to those provisional fair values effective as at the acquisition date. Incremental costs related to acquisitions are expensed as incurred.

 

When the amount of purchase consideration is contingent on future events, the initial cost of the acquisition recorded includes an estimate of the fair value of the contingent amounts expected to be payable in the future. When the fair value of contingent consideration as at the date of acquisition is finalized before the purchase price allocation is finalized, the adjustment is allocated to the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired. Subsequent changes to the estimated fair value of contingent consideration are recorded in the consolidated statement of (loss) income.

 

When the cost of the acquisition exceeds the fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired, the difference is recorded as goodwill. If the fair value attributable to the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets exceeds the cost of acquisition, the difference is recognized as a gain in the consolidated statement of (loss) income.

 

Non-controlling interests represent the fair value of net assets in subsidiaries, as at the date of acquisition, which are not held by the Company and are presented in the equity section of the consolidated statement of financial position.

 

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E.Goodwill

 

The Company allocates goodwill arising from business combinations to each cash-generating unit or group of cash-generating units that are expected to receive the benefits from the business combination. Irrespective of any indication of impairment, the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit or group of cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated is tested annually for impairment and when there is an indication that the goodwill may be impaired. Any impairment is recognized as an expense immediately. Any impairment of goodwill is not subsequently reversed.

 

F.Mineral Interest and Royalties

 

Agreements for which settlements are called for in gold or other commodities the amount of which is based on production at the mines and capitalized on a property by property basis, are recorded at cost less accumulated depletion and impairment loss, if any. Project evaluation costs that are not related to a specific agreement are expensed in the period incurred.

 

Producing mineral interests are depleted using the units-of-production method over the life of the property to which the interest relates, which is estimated using available information of proven and probable reserves and the portion of resources expected to be classified as mineral reserves at the mine corresponding to the specific agreement. For those mineral interests that have commenced production, all costs associated with mineral interests are depleted and no amounts would remain classified as non-depletable.

 

The acquisition costs of acquired resources and exploration potential is recorded as an asset (non-depletable interest) on the acquisition date. The value of the exploration potential is classified as non-depletable and accounted for in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration and Evaluation of Mineral Resources until such time as the technical feasibility and commercial viability have been established at which point the value of the exploration potential is classified as either depletable or non-depletable in accordance with IAS16, Property, Plant and Equipment.

 

G.Impairment of Mineral Interests

 

Evaluation of the carrying values of each mineral property is undertaken when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. If any indication of impairment exists, the recoverable amount is estimated to determine the extent of any impairment loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Estimated values in use are calculated using estimated production, sales prices, and a discount rate. Estimated production is determined using current reserves and the portion of resources expected to be classified as mineral reserves. Estimated sales prices are determined using an average of long-term metal price forecasts by analysts and management’s expectations. The discount rate is estimated using the average discount rate used by analysts to value precious metal royalty companies. If it is determined that the recoverable amount is less than the carrying value then an impairment is recorded with a charge to net income (loss).

 

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An assessment is made at each reporting period if there is any indication that a previous impairment loss may no longer exist or has decreased. If indications are present, the carrying amount of the mineral interest is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount net of depletion that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the mineral interest in previous periods.

 

H.Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue from the sale of precious metals is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk passes to the buyer, collection is reasonably assured and the price is reasonably determinable. Selling prices are determined at the point revenue is recognized by reference to active and freely traded commodity markets, for example the London Bullion Market for commodities, in an identical form to the product sold. Revenue from the sale of gold may be subject to adjustment upon final settlement of estimated metal prices, weights, and assays. Provisionally-priced revenues are initially recognized based on forward prices. Adjustments to revenue from metal prices are recorded at each reporting period and other adjustments are recorded on final settlement and are offset against revenue when incurred.

 

Royalty revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably). Royalty arrangements are based on production, sales and/or other measures and are recognised by reference to the underlying arrangement.

 

I.Foreign Currency Translation

 

The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the principal currency of the economic environment in which they operate. For the Company and its subsidiaries Sandstorm Gold Bank Limited, Sandstorm Gold (Canada) Ltd., Bridgeport Gold Inc., Inversiones Mineras Australes Holdings (BVI) Inc., Premier Royalty U.S.A. Inc., Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd., Sandstorm Metals & Energy (Canada) Holdings Ltd, Sandstorm Metals & Energy (Canada) Ltd. and Sandstorm Metals & Energy (US) Inc. the functional currency is the U.S. dollar.

 

For Inversiones Mineras Australes S.A., the functional currency of this subsidiary is the Argentine Peso. To translate Inversiones Mineras Australes S.A. to the presentation currency of the U.S. dollar, all assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate as of the reporting date and all income and expenses are translated using the exchange rate at the dates of transactions. All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

 

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the entity’s functional currency as the rate on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the closing rate as at the reporting date.

 

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J.Financial Instruments

 

The Company has adopted IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, effective January 1, 2010. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, investments, loans receivable, trade and other payables, and bank debt. All financial instruments are initially recorded at fair value and designated as follows:

 

Investments in common shares held are classified as fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”), as these are held for long-term strategic purposes and provide a more meaningful presentation based on management’s intention, rather than reflecting changes in fair value in net income. Cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, and loans receivable are classified as financial assets at amortized cost and trade and other payables and bank debt are classified as other financial liabilities and these are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

 

Investments in warrants and convertible debt instruments are classified as fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”). These warrants and convertible debt instruments are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized as a component of net income (loss) under the classification of loss on revaluation of investments.

 

Transaction costs on initial recognition of financial instruments classified as FVTPL are expensed as incurred. Transaction costs incurred on initial recognition of financial instruments classified as loans and receivables and other financial liabilities are recognized at their fair value amount and offset against the related loans and receivables or capitalized when appropriate.

 

Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire. Financial liabilities are derecognized only when the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire. All gains and losses as a result of changes in fair value for FVTPL financial instruments are included in net income (loss) in the period they occur.

 

Common share purchase warrants, which provide the holder the right to settle in cash, are considered derivative instruments. As such, they are classified as financial liabilities measured at FVTPL and are re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period with all changes being recognized as a component net income (loss) under the classification of loss on revaluation of investments.

 

K.Impairment of Financial Assets

 

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Financial assets are considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that a change in the market, economic or legal environment in which the Company invested has had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset. An impairment loss for a financial asset measured at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rates. Impairment losses are recognized in profit and loss. For financial assets measured at amortized cost, any reversal of impairment is recognized in profit and loss.

 

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L.Inventory

 

Inventory is valued at the lower of specifically identifiable cost and net realizable value. Costs included are the agreed upon purchase price under the Gold Stream and depletion of the applicable mineral interest.

 

M.Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on account, demand deposits and money market investments with maturities from the date of acquisition of three months or less, which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant changes in value.

 

N.Income Taxes

 

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used are those that are substantively enacted at the reporting date.

 

Deferred income taxes are provided using the liability method on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for accounting. The change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability is included in income except for deferred income tax relating to equity items which is recognized directly in equity. The income tax effects of differences in the periods when revenue and expenses are recognized in accordance with Company accounting practices, and the periods they are recognized for income tax purposes are reflected as deferred income tax assets or liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the substantively enacted statutory income tax rates which are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the assets are realized or the liabilities settled. A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available for utilization.

 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset only if a legally enforceable right exists to offset current tax assets against liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on the same taxable entity and are intended to be settled on a net basis.

 

The determination of current and deferred taxes requires interpretations of tax legislation, estimates of expected timing of reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and estimates of future earnings.

 

O.Share Capital and Share Purchase Warrants

 

The proceeds from the issue of units are allocated between common shares and share purchase warrants (with an exercise price denominated in U.S. dollars) on a pro-rata basis based on relative fair values at the date of issuance. The fair value of common shares is based on the market closing price on the date the units are issued and the fair value of share purchase warrants is determined using the quoted market price or if the warrants are not traded, using the Black-Scholes Model (“BSM”) as of the date of issuance. Equity instruments issued to agents as financing costs are measured at their fair value at the date the services were provided.

 

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P.Earnings Per Share

 

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated assuming that outstanding share options and share purchase warrants, with an average market price that exceeds the average exercise prices of the options and warrants for the year, are exercised and the proceeds are used to repurchase shares of the Company at the average market price of the common shares for the year.

 

Q.Share Based Payments

 

The Company recognizes share based compensation expense for all share purchase options and restricted share rights (“RSR’s”) awarded to employees, officers and directors based on the fair values of the share purchase options and RSRs at the date of grant. The fair values of share purchase options and RSRs at the date of grant are expensed over the vesting periods of the share purchase options and RSRs, respectively, with a corresponding increase to equity. The fair value of share purchase options is determined using the BSM with market related inputs as of the date of grant. Share purchase options with graded vesting schedules are accounted for as separate grants with different vesting periods and fair values. The fair value of RSRs is the market value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-assesses its estimates of the number of awards that are expected to vest and recognizes the impact of any revisions to this estimate in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

 

The BSM requires management to estimate the expected volatility and term of the equity instrument, the risk-free rate of return over the term, expected dividends, and the number of equity instruments expected to ultimately vest. Volatility is estimated using the historical stock price of the Company, the expected term is estimated using historical exercise data, and the expected number of equity instruments expected to vest is estimated using historical forfeiture data.

 

R.Related Party Transactions

 

Parties are considered related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered related if they are subject to common control or significant influence. A transaction is considered a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties.

 

S.Segment Reporting

 

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses. All operating segments’ results are reviewed regularly by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.

 

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3.FUTURE CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

The IASB has issued the following new standard but it is not yet effective. Pronouncements that are not applicable to the Company have been excluded from this note:

 

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers— The final standard on revenue from contracts with customers was issued on May 28, 2014 and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 for public entities with early application permitted. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt the guidance. The Company is assessing the impact of this Standard.

 

4.Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty and Critical Accounting Judgments

 

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual outcomes can differ from these estimates.

 

Information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and judgments made by management in preparing the consolidated financial statements are described below.

 

A.Accounting For Mineral Interests

 

The Company’s business is the acquisition of Gold Streams and royalties. Management accounts for these agreements as mineral interests as they consider the associated mining risks when evaluating the assets to be acquired and assessing the mineral interests over the life of the related mine.

 

B.Investments

 

In the normal course of operations, the Company invests in equity interests of other entities. In such circumstances, management considers whether the facts and circumstances pertaining to each such investment result in the Company obtaining control, joint control or significant influence over the investee entity. In some cases, the determination of whether or not the Company controls, jointly controls or significantly influences the investee entities requires the application of significant management judgment to consider individually and collectively such factors as:

 

·The purpose and design of the investee entity.
·The ability to exercise power, through substantive rights, over the activities of the investee entity that significantly affect its returns.
·The size of the company’s equity ownership and voting rights, including potential voting rights.

·The size and dispersion of other voting interests, including the existence of voting blocks.
·Other investments in or relationships with the investee entity including, but not limited to, current or possible board representation, royalty and/or stream investments, loans and other types of financial support, material transactions with the investee entity, interchange of managerial personnel or consulting positions.
·Other relevant and pertinent factors.

 

 

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If the Company determines that it controls an investee entity, it consolidates the investee entity’s financial statements as further described in note 2. If the Company determines that it jointly controls (a joint venture) or has significant influence (an associate) over an investee entity, then it uses the equity method of accounting to account for its investment in that investee entity.

 

Under the equity method of accounting, the Company’s investment is initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the Company’s share of the investee entity’s net assets. The Company’s profit or loss and other comprehensive (loss) income includes its share of the investee entity’s profit or loss and other comprehensive (loss) income. If the Company’s share of the investee entity’s losses equals or exceeds its interest in the joint venture or associate, and the corresponding investment balance is reduced to zero, the Company stops recognizing its share of further losses, unless the Company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint venture or associate, in which case a liability is recognized.

 

If, after careful consideration, it is determined that the Company neither has control, joint control or significant influence over an investee entity, the Company accounts for the corresponding investment in equity interest at fair value through other comprehensive income as further described in note 2.

 

C.Attributable Reserve and Resource Estimates

 

Mineral interests and royalties are a significant asset of the Company, with a carrying value of $414.4 million at December 31, 2015 (2014: $261.9 million). This amount represents the capitalized expenditures related to the acquisition of the gold interests net of accumulated depletion and any impairments. The Company estimates the reserves and resources relating to each agreement. Reserves are estimates of the amount of gold that can be economically and legally extracted from the mining properties at which the Company has precious metal purchase agreements, adjusted where applicable to reflect the Company’s percentage entitlement to gold produced from such mines. The Company estimates its reserves and resources based on information compiled by appropriately qualified persons relating to the geological data on the size, depth and shape of the ore body, and requires complex geological judgments to interpret the data. The estimation of recoverable reserves is based upon factors such as estimates of foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, future capital requirements, and production costs along with geological assumptions and judgments made in estimating the size and grade of the ore body. Changes in the reserve or resource estimates may impact upon the carrying value of the Company’s gold interests and depletion charges.

 

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D.Depletion

 

The Company’s mineral and royalty interests are depleted on a units-of-production basis, with estimated recoverable reserves and resources being used to determine the depletion rate for each of the Company’s mineral and royalty interests. These calculations require the use of estimates and assumptions, including the amount of recoverable reserves. Changes in the estimated recoverable reserves, resources or exploration potential will directly impact the depletion rate used. Changes to depletion rates are accounted for prospectively.

 

E.Income Taxes

 

The interpretation of existing tax laws or regulations in Canada, Barbados, the United States of America, Australia, Argentina, Chile or any of the countries in which the mining operations are located or to which shipments of gold are made requires the use of judgment. Differing interpretation of these laws or regulations could result in an increase in the Company’s taxes, or other governmental charges, duties or impositions. In addition, the recoverability of deferred income tax assets, including expected periods of reversal of temporary differences and expectations of future taxable income, are assessed by management at the end of each reporting period and adjusted, as necessary, on a prospective basis.

 

F.Impairment of Assets

 

Management considers each mineral and royalty interest to be a separate cash generating unit, which is the lowest level for which cash inflows are largely independent of those of other assets. At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of each mineral and royalty interest to determine whether there is any indication that those mineral and royalty interests have suffered an impairment loss. If such an indication exists, the recoverable amount of the mineral and royalty interest is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment (if any). The recoverable amount of each mineral and royalty interest is the higher of fair value less costs to sell (“Fair Value approach”) and value in use.

 

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Under the Fair Value approach, the net present value (“NPV”) methodology is used. NPV is estimated by using a discount rate to calculate the present value of expected future cash flows. The discount rate is based on the Company’s weighted average cost of capital, adjusted for various risks. The expected future cash flows are management’s best estimates of expected future revenues and costs. Under each method, expected future revenues reflect the estimated future production for each mine at which the Company has a Gold Stream or royalty based on detailed life of mine plans received from each of the partners. Included in these forecasts is the production of mineral resources that do not currently qualify for inclusion in proven and probable ore reserves where there is a high degree of confidence in its economic extraction. This is consistent with the methodology that is used to measure value beyond proven and probable reserves when allocating the purchase price to acquired mineral and royalty interests. Expected future revenues also reflect management’s estimated long term metal prices, which are determined based on current prices, forward pricing curves and forecasts of expected long-term metal prices prepared by analysts. These estimates often differ from current price levels, but are consistent with how a market participant would assess future long-term metal prices. Estimated future cash costs are fixed based on the terms of each Gold Stream or royalty, as disclosed in note 15 to the financial statements.

 

If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and an impairment charge is reflected as a component of net income (loss) so as to reduce the carrying amount to its recoverable value. A previously recognized impairment charge is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment charge was recognized. If this is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount. The increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depletion, had no impairment charge been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is reflected as a component of net income (loss).

 

At December 31, 2015, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $21.6 million ($1.2 million- year ended December 31, 2014).

 

5.Financial Instruments

 

A.Capital Risk Management

 

The Company manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while maximizing the return to stakeholders through the optimization of the debt and equity balance. The capital structure of the Company consists of $402.7 million ($421.6 million – December 31, 2014) of equity attributable to common shareholders, comprising of issued capital (note 10), accumulated reserves (note 10) and deficit. The Company was not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements with the exception of complying with certain covenants under the credit agreement governing bank debt (note 9). The Company is in compliance with the debt covenants described in note 9 as at December 31, 2015.

 

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B.Fair Value Estimation

 

The fair value hierarchy establishes three levels to classify the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

 

Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Investments in common shares and warrants held that have direct listings on an exchange are classified as Level 1.

 

Level 2 | Quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liabilities. Investments in warrants and convertible debt instruments held that are not listed on an exchange are classified as Level 2.

 

Level 3 | Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

 

The following table sets forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2015. As required by IFRS 13, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

 

In $000s  Total   Quoted prices in
active markets for
identical assets
(Level1)
   Significant other
observable inputs
(Level 2)
   Unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
Long-term investments – common shares held  $14,990   $14,990   $-   $    - 
Long-term investments  – convertible debt   11,590    -    11,590    - 
   $26,580   $14,990   $11,590   $- 

 

The fair value of the Company's other financial instruments which include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, loans receivable, receivables and other, trade and other payables and bank debt approximate their carrying values at December 31, 2015.

 

C.Credit Risk

 

The Company’s credit risk is limited to cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, loans receivable, and receivables and other in the ordinary course of business. The Company sells gold exclusively to third parties with a history in commodities. The Company’s trade receivables and other is subject to the credit risk of the counterparties who own and operate the mines underlying Sandstorm’s royalty portfolio. The Company’s loan receivable and convertible debenture due from Luna are subject to Luna’s credit risk and the Company’s ability to realize on its security.

 

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D.Currency Risk

 

Financial instruments that impact the Company’s net (loss) income or other comprehensive (loss) income due to currency fluctuations include: cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and other, investments and trade and other payables denominated in Canadian dollars. Based on the Company's Canadian dollar denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at December 31, 2015, a 10% increase (decrease) of the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the United States dollar would (decrease) increase net loss by $0.4 million and other comprehensive loss by $1.5 million, respectively.

 

E.Interest Rate Risk

 

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its outstanding borrowings. Presently, all of the Company’s outstanding borrowings are at floating rates. The Company monitors its exposure to interest rates and has not entered into any derivative contracts to manage risk. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the weighted average effective interest rate paid by the Company on the amount drawn on its outstanding borrowings was 3.4% (2014- revolving loan facility was undrawn). A fluctuation in interest rates of 100 basis points (1 percent) would have affected finance expense by approximately $0.2 million.

 

F.Liquidity Risk

 

In managing liquidity risk, the Company takes into account its loan facility, anticipated cash flows from operations and its holding of cash and cash equivalents. As at December 31, 2015, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5.3 million (2014: $90.2 million) and working capital of $1.8 million (2014: $89.3 million). The Company has a revolving loan facility which matures in July 2019 (note 9). Additionally, Sandstorm holds common shares, convertible debentures, and warrants of other companies with a combined market value as at December 31, 2015, of $26.6 million (December 31, 2014 – $24.0 million). The daily exchange traded volume of these shares, including the shares underlying the warrants, may not be sufficient for the Company to liquidate its position in a short period of time without potentially affecting the market value of the shares.

 

6.Business Combination

 

A.Acquisition of Gold Royalties Corporation

 

On April 28, 2015, the Company closed its previously announced plan of arrangement pursuant to which Sandstorm Gold acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares (the “Gold Royalties Shares”) of Gold Royalties Corporation (“Gold Royalties”). The transaction was implemented by way of a statutory plan of arrangement (the “Arrangement”). Upon completion of the Arrangement, Sandstorm Gold issued to each holder of a Gold Royalties Share 0.045 of a common share of Sandstorm Gold.

 

As a result of acquiring Gold Royalties, Sandstorm has added a number of Canadian royalty assets to its portfolio along with over $1.0 million in cash.

 

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In accordance with IFRS 3 – Business Combinations, the total consideration of $4.8 million, consisting of (i) $4.3 million representing the value of the Sandstorm Gold common shares issued (based on the April 28, 2015 closing price) and (ii) $0.5 million of Gold Royalties Shares previously owned by Sandstorm Gold, was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows:

 

Consideration:  In 000s 
Sandstorm Shares issued (1,161,720 common shares)  $4,281 
Gold Royalties Shares owned by Sandstorm Gold   472 
   $4,753 

 

Allocation of acquisition costs:    
Cash and cash equivalents  $1,288 
Trade receivables and other   107 
Mineral interests and royalties   1,852 
Deferred income tax assets   1,592 
Trade and other payables   (86)
   $4,753 

 

Sandstorm Gold has estimated the fair value of the assets acquired to be equal to their carrying value except for the mineral interests and royalties which were estimated to have a fair value of $1.9 million and deferred tax assets of $1.6 million, respectively. An income approach (being the net present value of expected future cash flows) was used to determine the fair values of the mineral interests and royalties. Estimates of future cash flows are based on estimated future revenues and expected conversions of resources to reserves at each of the mineral properties.

 

Had the acquisition of Gold Royalties been effected on January 1, 2015, the consolidated revenue and net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 would have been $52.7 million and $43.0 million, respectively (these amounts are unaudited). The Company considers these “pro-forma” numbers to represent an approximate measure of the performance of the combined group up to the period end date and to provide a reference point for comparison to future periods.

 

B.Acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd.

 

On May 29, 2014, the Company closed its previously announced plan of arrangement (“Arrangement Agreement”) pursuant to which it acquired 100% of the outstanding common shares of Sandstorm Metals & Energy Ltd. (“Sandstorm Metals & Energy”).

 

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As contemplated in the Arrangement Agreement, the shareholders of Sandstorm Metals & Energy, other than Sandstorm Gold, received common shares of Sandstorm Gold (the “Sandstorm Gold Shares”) on the basis of 0.178 of a Sandstorm Gold Share plus C$0.35 of cash for each Sandstorm Metals & Energy common share held.

 

In accordance with IFRS 3 – Business Combinations, the total consideration of $43.8 million, consisting of: (i) $10.3 million cash; (ii) $30.1 million representing the value of the Sandstorm Gold common shares issued (based on the May 29, 2014 closing price); and (iii) $3.4 million of Sandstorm Metals & Energy common shares previously owned by the Company and other consideration was allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows:

 

Acquisition  price:    
Sandstorm Gold common shares issued  $30,078 
Sandstorm Metals & Energy common shares owned by Sandstorm Gold   3,310 
Cash paid   10,310 
Conversion of previously issued Sandstorm Metals & Energy RSUs   129 
   $43,827 

 

Allocation of acquisition costs:    
Cash and cash equivalents  $4,068 
Trade receivables and other   909 
Mineral interests and royalties   29,817 
Investments   5,259 
Deferred income tax assets   9,616 
Other   108 
Trade and other payables   (1,185)
Promissory note   (2,200)
Gain on bargain purchase   (2,565)
   $43,827 

 

Sandstorm Gold has estimated the fair value of the assets acquired to be equal to their carrying value except for certain trade receivables and other balances and the mineral interest and royalties which were estimated to have a fair value of $0.9 million and $29.8 million respectively. An income approach (being the net present value of expected future cash flows) was used to determine the fair values of the royalty interests in mineral properties. Estimates of future cash flows are based on estimated future revenues and expected conversions of resources to reserves at each of the mineral properties. The excess of the total fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed over the total consideration has been recorded as a gain on bargain purchase of $2.6 million.

 

Included in total revenue and net income for the year ended December 31, 2014 is $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively, attributable to the results of Sandstorm Metals & Energy from the date of acquisition. Had the acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy been effected on January 1, 2014, the consolidated revenue and net income for the year ended December 31, 2014 would have been $58.0 million and $7.9 million, respectively. The Company considers these “pro-forma” numbers to represent an approximate measure of the performance of the combined group on an annualized basis and to provide a reference point for comparison to future periods.

 

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The acquisition allows management to focus all of its future time and attention on acquiring Gold Streams and royalties. The acquisition of Sandstorm Metals & Energy also provides Sandstorm Gold shareholders with annual royalty revenue from operating mines as well as royalties on advanced exploration and development assets including Canadian Zinc’s Prairie Creek Project and Entrée’s Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits. The acquisition resulted in a gain on bargain purchase as the Company has recognized the benefit of Sandstorm Metals & Energy’s non-capital loss carry forwards available for tax purposes.

 

7.Mineral Interests and Royalties

 

A.Carrying Amount

 

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2015:

 

  Cost Accumulated Depletion  
In $000s Opening Additions
(disposals)
Foreign
exchange
translation
Ending Opening Depletion Impairment Disposals Ending Carrying
Amount
Aurizona, BrazilB 27,358 (16,358) - 11,000 5,756 1,072 - (6,518) 310 10,690
Bachelor Lake, Canada 22,671 - - 22,671 10,458 4,220 - - 14,678 7,993
Black Fox, Canada 37,758 - - 37,758 17,836 4,281 - - 22,117 15,641
Chapada, Brazil - 69,520   69,520 - - - - - 69,520
Diavik Mine, Canada - 53,111 - 53,111 - 6,273 - - 6,273 46,838
Hugo North Extension and Heruga, Mongolia 42,493 - - 42,493 - - - - - 42,493
Karma Gold Project, Burkina Faso 14,456 6,718 - 21,174 - - - - - 21,174
Ming, Canada 20,068 - - 20,068 5,628 1,994 - - 7,622 12,446
Santa Elena, Mexico 23,342 - - 23,342 11,087 6,115 - - 17,202 6,140
Yamana Silver Stream, Argentina - 74,229   74,229 - - - - - 74,229
Royalties 1 189,970 19,348 (2,594) 206,724 76,907 11,164 18,322 - 106,393 100,331
Other 2 12,393 (1,054) - 11,339 955 193 3,323 - 4,471 6,868
Total 3 390,509 205,514 (2,594) 593,429 128,627 35,312 21,645 (6,518) 179,066 414,363

 

1)Includes Bracemac-McLeod, Coringa, Mt. Hamilton, Paul Isnard, Prairie Creek, Ann Mason, Serra Pelada, Gualcamayo, Emigrant Springs, Mine Waste Solutions, San Andres, Sao Francisco, Thunder Creek, Bomboré, the Gold Royalties royalty portfolio and the Early Gold Deposit.

 

2)Includes Summit and other.

 

3)Total mineral interest and royalties includes $111.3 million of assets located in Canada, $88.1 million in Brazil, $98.1 million in Argentina, $42.5 million in Mongolia, $21.8 million in the United States, $24.3 million in Burkina Faso, $6.1 million in Mexico, $6.9 million in South Africa, $5.1 million in French Guiana, $3.1 million in Honduras, $1.0 million in Ghana, and $6.1 million in other South American countries.

 

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As of and for the year ended December 31, 2014:

 

  Cost Accumulated Depletion  
In $000s Opening Additions Foreign
exchange
translation
Ending Opening Depletion Impairment Inventory
Depletion
Adjustment
Ending Carrying
Amount
Aurizona, Brazil 25,820 1,538 - 27,358 4,293 1,463 - - 5,756 21,602
Bachelor Lake, Canada 22,671 - - 22,671 4,917 5,541 - - 10,458 12,213
Black Fox, Canada 37,758 - - 37,758 13,916 3,920 - - 17,836 19,922
Hugo North Extension and Heruga, Mongolia 37,580 4,913 - 42,493 - - - - - 42,493
Karma Gold Project, Burkina Faso - 14,456 - 14,456 - - - - - 14,456
Ming, Canada 20,068 - - 20,068 4,017 1,611 - - 5,628 14,440
Santa Elena, Mexico 13,342 10,000 - 23,342 7,731 3,356 - - 11,087 12,255
Royalties 1 169,855 23,505 (3,390) 189,970 63,885 11,807 1,215 - 76,907 113,063
Other 2 10,345 2,048 - 12,393 740 215 - - 955 11,438
Total 3 337,439 56,460 (3,390) 390,509 99,499 27,913 1,215 - 128,627 261,882

 

1)Includes Bracemac-McLeod, Coringa, Mt. Hamilton, Paul Isnard, Prairie Creek, Ann Mason, Serra Pelada, Gualcamayo, Emigrant Springs, Mine Waste Solutions, San Andres, San Francisco, Sao Vicente, Thunder Creek, and Bomboré.

 

2)Includes Deflector, Summit and other.

 

3)Total mineral interest and royalties includes $77.4 million of assets located in Canada, $42.5 million in Mongolia, $39.6 million in Brazil, $33.3 million in the United States, $14.5 million in Burkina Faso, $12.3 million in Mexico, $10.4 million in South Africa, $6.3 million in Australia, $5.1 million in French Guiana, $4.3 million in Honduras, $0.4 million in Ghana, and $15.8 million in other South American countries.

 

B.Acquisitions and Updates

 

ACQUISITION | Yamana Streams

 

Silver Stream

 

On October 27, 2015, the Company acquired a Silver Stream on Yamana Gold Inc.’s (“Yamana”) gold-silver Cerro Moro project, located in Santa Cruz, Argentina (the “Cerro Morro Project” or “Cerro Moro”) and interim silver deliveries during years 2016 to 2018 from a number of Yamana’s currently operating mines.

 

In acquiring the Yamana Silver Stream, the Chapada copper stream (refer to Chapada copper stream section) and a potential gold stream on the Agua Rica project, the Company agreed to upfront consideration consisting of a cash payment of $152 million, of which $4 million is payable in April 2016, and 15 million Sandstorm warrants. The warrants have a 5 year term, a strike price of $3.50 per Sandstorm common share and are exercisable upon achievement of specific milestones with respect to the construction of the Cerro Moro mine.

 

Under the terms of the Yamana Silver Stream, Sandstorm has agreed to purchase, for on-going per ounce cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of silver, an amount of silver from Cerro Moro equal to 20% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 1.2 million ounces of silver), until Yamana has delivered to Sandstorm 7.0 million ounces of silver; then 9.0% of the silver produced thereafter.

 

As part of the Yamana Silver Stream, during the year 2016 through 2018, Sandstorm has also agreed to purchase, for on-going per ounce cash payment equal to 30% of the spot price of silver, an amount of silver from:

 

(i)the Minera Florida mine in Chile equal to 38% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 200,000 ounces of silver); and
(ii)the Chapada mine in Brazil equal to 52% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 100,000 ounces of silver).

 

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If by January 1, 2019, the Cerro Moro processing facility has not averaged 80% of its daily nameplate production capacity over a 30-day period (the "Commencement of Production"), then Yamana´s producing El Peñon mine in Chile will provide a 24 month backstop until the Commencement of Production has begun. During the 24 month backstop, if applicable, Sandstorm will purchase, for on-going per ounce cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of silver, an amount of silver equal to 16% of El Peñon´s silver production up to a maximum of 1.2 million ounces per annum.

 

Copper Stream

 

On October 27, 2015, the Company acquired a copper stream on Yamana’s open pit gold-copper Chapada mine located 270 kilometres northwest of Brasília in Goiás state, Brazil (“Chapada” or the “Chapada Mine”). Under the terms of the Yamana copper stream, Sandstorm has agreed to purchase, for on-going per pound cash payments equal to 30% of the spot price of copper, an amount of copper from the Chapada Mine equal to:

 

i)4.2% of the copper produced (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper) until Yamana has delivered 39 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm (the “First Chapada Delivery Threshold”); then

 

ii)3.0% of the copper produced until, on a cumulative basis, Yamana has delivered 50 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm (the “Second Chapada Delivery Threshold”); then

 

iii)1.5% of the copper produced thereafter, for the life of the mine.

 

If Cerro Moro has not achieved the Commencement of Production and Sandstorm has not received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million from the Yamana Silver Stream, then the First Chapada Delivery Threshold and the Second Chapada Delivery Threshold will cease to be in effect and Sandstorm will continue to purchase 4.2% of Chapada’s payable copper production (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper), until the earlier of Sandstorm having received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million, or Cerro Moro having achieved the Commencement of Production.

 

In assessing the fair value of the Yamana Silver, Copper and Early Gold Deposit, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow analysis using discount rates from 3.5% to 5.0% and analyst price projections. The excess of the fair value of the Yamana Silver, Copper and Early Gold Deposit of $155.1 million and the total cash consideration of $152.0 million of $3.1 million was ascribed to the 15 million warrants issued to Yamana as consideration for the transaction.

 

ACQUISITION | Diavik Royalty

 

In March 2015, the Company acquired a 1% gross proceeds royalty based on the production from the Diavik mine located in Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, Canada (“Diavik” or the “Diavik Mine”) which is operated by Rio Tinto PLC (“Rio Tinto”).

 

For consideration, the Company paid $52.5 million in cash and 3 million warrants of Sandstorm to IAMGOLD Corporation (the owner of the 1% royalty). The warrants have a strike price of $4.50 per Sandstorm common share, an expiration date of March 23, 2020 and will only be exercisable following initial production from the Diavik Mine’s A21 pipe.

 

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In assessing the fair value of the Diavik royalty, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow analysis using a 7% discount rate and analyst price projections. The excess of the fair value of the Diavik royalty of $53.1 million and the total cash consideration of $52.5 million being $0.6 million was ascribed to the 3 million warrants issued to IAMGOLD Corporation as consideration for the transaction.

 

ACQUISITION | Bomboré Royalty

 

On January 27, 2015, the Company acquired a 0.45% NSR on the Bomboré gold project (“Bomboré” or “Bomboré Project”) located in Burkina Faso, West Africa and owned by Orezone Gold Corp. (“Orezone”) for consideration of $3.0 million (“Upfront Royalty”). In addition, Sandstorm has committed to providing up to an additional $5.0 million in royalty financing (remittable in cash and/or shares, subject to certain conditions) to Orezone on a drawdown basis until January 27, 2017 (the “Standby Royalty”). The Standby Royalty, if fully exercised, would result in the granting of an additional 0.75% NSR. Orezone has granted Sandstorm a right of first refusal on any future stream or royalty financings related to the Bomboré Project until 36 months following the achievement of commercial production at the mine. Orezone has the option to repurchase the Upfront Royalty from Sandstorm for a period of 36 months, at a premium of 10% per year. The Standby Royalty can also be repurchased at a premium of 10% per year if Orezone completes a gold stream financing and Sandstorm participates for no less than $30 million.

 

UPDATE | Aurizona Mine

 

The Company has a 3% – 5% sliding scale NSR on the production from Luna Gold Corp.’s (“Luna”) open-pit Aurizona mine, located in Brazil (the “Aurizona Mine”). At gold prices less than or equal to $1,500 per ounce, the royalty is a 3% NSR. In addition, Sandstorm holds a 2% NSR on Luna’s 190,073 hectares of greenfields exploration ground. At any time prior to the commencement of commercial production, Luna has the ability to purchase one-half of the greenfields NSR for a cash payment of $10 million.

 

On June 30, 2015, the Company restructured its previously existing Gold Stream and loan agreement with Luna (the “Restructuring”). Under the terms of the Restructuring, the Gold Stream was terminated and replaced by two net smelter return royalties (“NSR”) and a convertible debenture.

 

The convertible debenture is a $30 million instrument bearing interest at a rate of 5% per annum (the “Debenture”). The Debenture is payable in three equal annual tranches of $10 million plus accrued interest beginning June 30, 2018. Luna will have the right to convert principal and interest owing under the Debenture into common shares of Luna, so long as Sandstorm does not own more than 20% of the outstanding common shares of Luna. The quantum of shares upon conversion will be dependent on a 20 day volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) and if the VWAP is less than C$0.10 per share, the shares will be deemed to have been issued at C$0.10 per share. The Debenture is included in investments (note 8).

 

Under the loan amendment, the maturity date of the existing $20 million Luna loan was extended from June 30, 2017 to June 30, 2021 and the interest rate was revised to 5% per annum, payable in cash on the maturity date. In the event that Luna is in default, the applicable rate of interest will increase to 10% per annum. The fair value of the loan was determined by utilizing a cash flow model incorporating the contractual cash flows and a 7% discount rate.

 

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Under the terms of the Restructuring, Sandstorm continued to purchase 17% of the gold that resulted from the processing of the remaining stockpile from the Aurizona Mine for a per ounce cash payment equal to the lesser of $408 and the then prevailing market price of gold.

 

The fair value of the two NSRs was determined using a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value less costs to sell. Key assumptions incorporated into the cash flow model included the estimated long-term price of gold of $1,150, annual production volumes at the Aurizona Mine of up to 80,000 ounces of gold for an estimated 7 to 10 year mine life and a 7% discount rate. The fair value of the Debenture was determined using a discounted cash flow model incorporating the contractual cash flows of the Debenture, a 9% discount rate and an option pricing model to value the prepayment and convertibility feature embedded in the Debenture. Key assumptions in the option pricing model included an exercise price of $0.10 per share, a volatility rate of 45%, a term of 5 years and an interest free rate of 1.3%. The resulting fair value of the Debenture and two NSRs was $13 million and $11 million, respectively.

 

The Company recognized a gain of $4.3 million arising from the difference between the fair value of the Debenture and the two NSRs and the carrying value of the Aurizona mineral interest.

 

UPDATE |  Deflector Mine

 

As contemplated in the Deflector gold purchase agreement, the Company provided notice to Doray Minerals Ltd. that it was requesting back the $6.0 million Sandstorm had advanced under the purchase agreement. As part of a settlement agreement, the Company received $7.0 million in June 2015. The difference between the $7.0 million received and the carrying value of the Deflector mineral interest of $6.3 million was recognized in other income. As a result of the settlement, both parties’ obligations were extinguished under the gold purchase agreement.

 

C.Impairments

 

As a result of a decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company performed an impairment analysis of the Company’s mineral interests. As part of this and other assessments, the Company recognized the following impairments:

 

Serra Pelada

 

As a result of the lack of progress at the Serra Pelada project, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $13.1 million in its interest in the mineral interest and convertible debenture resulting in a $nil balance as at December 31, 2015. The recoverable amount of the asset was determined for impairment purposes using management’s best estimate in value of the underlying assets and Sandstorm’s ability to realize on those assets during an insolvency proceeding.

 

Emigrant Springs

 

As a result of the impairment assessment, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $5.8 million with respect to its mineral interest in the Emigrant Springs mine. The recoverable amount of $5.3 million was determined using a discounted cash flow calculation to estimate the fair value less costs to sell. Key assumptions used in the cash flow forecast to determine the fair value included a long term gold price of $1,200 and an estimated 4 year mine life and a 5% discount rate.

 

Mine Waste Solutions

 

As a result of the impairment assessment, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $2.4 million with respect to its mineral interest in the Mine Waste Solutions project. The recoverable amount of $6.9 million was determined using a discounted cash flow calculation to estimate the fair value less costs to sell. Key assumptions used in the cash flow forecast to determine the fair value included a long term gold price of $1,200 and an estimated 8 year mine life and a 5% discount rate.

 

Summit

 

The lack of progress with respect to Santa Fe Gold Corp. raising additional capital to satisfy the terms and conditions of the negotiated restructuring of its senior secured indebtedness prompted the Company to evaluate its investment in the Summit mine Gold Stream. The recoverable amount of the asset, for impairment assessment purposes, was determined using a liquidation scenario to estimate the fair value less costs to sell. Key assumptions used in the analysis to determine fair value included management’s best estimates of the value of the underlying assets and Sandstorm’s ability to realize on these assets during an insolvency proceeding. As a result of its review, the Company, during the year ended December 31, 2015, recorded an impairment charge of $3.3 million for the full balance of the mineral interest.

 

8.Investments

 

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2015:

 

In $000s Fair Value
January 1, 2015
Net Additions
(Disposals)
December 31, 2015
Fair Value
Adjustment
December 31, 2015
Fair Value
December 31, 2015
Common shares $ 14,254 $ 8,243 $ (7,507) $ 14,990
Convertible debt instruments   9,735  

14,318

 

(12,463)

  11,590
Total $ 23,989 $

22,561

$

(19,970)

$ 26,580

 

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During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company acquired common shares of AuRico Metals Inc. for total consideration of $8.6 million and recognized a loss in other comprehensive income of $0.3 million on these shares during the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

The lack of progress with respect to advancing the Serra Pelada project (note 7 (c)) resulted in the Company recognizing a loss on revaluation of its investments on its convertible debentures in the amount of $3.0 million.

 

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2014:

 

In $000s Fair Value
January 1, 2014
Net Additions
(Disposals)
December 31, 2014
Fair Value
Adjustment
December 31, 2014
Fair Value
December 31, 2014
Common shares $ 8,804 $ 25,359 $ (19,909) $ 14,254
Convertible debt instruments   4,185   6,501   (951)   9,735
Total $ 12,989 $ 31,860 $ (20,860) $ 23,989

 

9.REvolving loan and deferred financing costs

 

On October 26, 2015, the Company amended its revolving credit agreement, allowing the Company to borrow up to $110 million (“Revolving Loan”) for acquisition purposes from a syndicate of banks including the Bank of Nova Scotia, Bank of Montreal, National Bank of Canada and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The amounts drawn on the Revolving Loan remain subject to interest at LIBOR plus 3.00% – 4.25% per annum, and the undrawn portion of the Revolving Loan remains subject to a standby fee of 0.75% – 1.05% per annum, dependent on the Company’s leverage ratio. The Revolving Loan matures in July 2019.

 

Under the credit agreement, the Company is required to maintain an interest coverage ratio greater than or equal to 4.00:1, a leverage ratio (defined as net debt divided by EBITDA) less than or equal to 4.00:1, 3.50:1, and 2.75 for calendar 2016, calendar 2017 and the remainder of the life of the Revolving Loan, respectively. The Company is further required to maintain a tangible net worth greater than the aggregate of $109.7 million and 50% of positive net income for each fiscal quarter after September 30, 2012. The Revolving Loan is secured against the Company’s assets, including the Company’s mineral interests and royalties and investments.

 

As of December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with the covenants and had drawn $83.5 million under the facility.

 

Deferred financing costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the debt instrument as presented below:

 

As of December 31, 2015:

 

In $000s Cost Additions Accumulated Amortization Carrying Amount
Debt issuance costs $ 3,377 $ 556 $ (1,713) $ 2,220

 

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As of December 31, 2014:

 

In $000s Cost Additions Accumulated Amortization Carrying Amount
Debt issuance costs $ 2,392 $ 985 $ (1,239) $ 2,138

 

10.Share Capital and Reserves

 

A.Shares Issued

 

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company completed a public offering of 10,087,800 units at a price of $2.85 per unit, for gross proceeds of $28,750,230. Each unit was comprised of one common share of the Company and one-half of one common share purchase warrant. Each warrant is exercisable into a common share at an exercise price of $4.00 per share until November 3, 2020. In connection with the offering, the Company paid agent fees of $1.4 million, representing 5% of the gross proceeds. The amount attributable to common shares was $27.1 million, with the remainder allocated to warrants.

 

On December 15, 2014, the Company announced that it intended to proceed with a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”). Under the NCIB, the Company was able, until December 16, 2015, to purchase up to 5,882,879 common shares, representing 5% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares of 117,657,587 as of December 11, 2014. The NCIB provided the Company with the option to purchase its common shares from time to time when the Company’s management believed that the Common Shares were undervalued by the market. Subsequent to December 31, 2015, the Company reinitiated its NCIB, allowing it to purchase up to 6,896,539 common shares until April 2017.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015 and pursuant to the NCIB, the Company purchased and cancelled an aggregate of 518,123 common shares.

 

B.Stock Options of the Company

 

The Company has an incentive stock option plan (the “Option Plan”) whereby the Company may grant share options to eligible employees, officers, directors and consultants at an exercise price, expiry date, and vesting conditions to be determined by the Board of Directors. The maximum expiry date is five years from the grant date. All options are equity settled. The Option Plan permits the issuance of options which, together with the Company's other share compensation arrangements, may not exceed 10% of the Company’s issued common shares as at the date of the grant.

 

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A summary of the Company’s options and the changes for the period are as follows:

 

  Number of Options Weighted Average
Exercise Price (C$)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2013 3,987,133 5.70
Granted 3,762,474 2.95
Exercised (862,000) 2.25
Forfeited (35,000) (6.31)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2014 6,852,607 4.69
Granted 1,284,000 3.61
Addition of outstanding Gold Royalties’ Options (note 6 (a)) 47,475 15.71
Exercised (155,000) (3.39)
Forfeited (1,173,500) (3.40)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2015 6,855,582 5.45

 

The weighted-average share price at the date of exercise for the year ended December 31, 2015 was C$3.78 (C$7.06 – year ended December 31, 2014). The weighted average remaining contractual life of the options for the year ended December 31, 2015 was 3.38 years (3.43 years – year ended December 31, 2014).

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued 1,284,000 options with a weighted average exercise price of C$3.61 and a fair value of $2.4 million or $0.85 per option. The fair value of the options granted was determined using a Black-Scholes model using the following weighted average assumptions: grant date share price and exercise price of C$3.60, expected volatility of 48%, risk-free interest rate of 0.48% and expected life of 3 years. Expected volatility is determined by considering the trailing 3 year historic average share price volatility of the Company and similar companies in the same industry.

 

A summary of the Company’s share purchase options as of December 31, 2015 is as follows:

 

Number outstanding Exercisable Exercise Price per Share (C$) Expiry Date
66,000 66,000 $6.30 August 25, 2016
1,129,000 1,129,000 6.35 November 25, 2016
27,000 27,000 18.33 August 22, 2017
5,850 5,850 18.33 October 4, 2017
402,133 402,133 16.35 December 11, 2017
150,000 150,000 11.78 December 21, 2017
10,875 10,875 11.31 February 19, 2018
3,625 3,625 10.62 March 1, 2018
12,375 12,375 8.89 December 13, 2018
25,000 8,334 6.03 May 16, 2019
3,737,474 1,245,834 2.93 November 13, 2019
1,084,000 - 3.60 December 9, 2020
200,000 - 3.64 December 22, 2020
2,250 2,250 15.00 March 30, 2022
6,855,582 3,063,276 $6.70  

 

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C.Share Purchase Warrants

 

A summary of the Company’s warrants and the changes
for the period are as follows:

 

  Number of Warrants Shares to be Issued Upon Exercise of the Warrants
Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2013 83,305,390 22,490,095
Exercised (55,205,100) (11,041,020)
Expired unexercised (2,331,018) (1,223,522)
Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2014 25,769,272 10,225,553
Addition of Gold Royalties’ Warrants (note 6 (a)) 368,038 368,038
Issued (note 7 (b) and 10(a)) 23,043,900 23,043,900
Expired unexercised (19,874,037) (4,330,318)
Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2015 29,307,173 29,307,173

 

A summary of the Company’s warrants as of
December 31, 2015 are as follows:

 

Number outstanding Exercise Price
per Share
Expiry Date
72,500 C$17.24 Feb. 28, 2016
32,400 C$11.11 May 1, 2016
1,155,873 C$13.79 Dec. 4, 2016
5,002,500 $14.00 Sep. 7, 2017
3,000,000 $4.50 Mar. 23, 2020
15,000,000 $3.50 Oct. 26, 2020
5,043,900 $4.00 Nov. 3, 2020
29,307,173    

 

D.Restricted Share Rights

 

The Company has a restricted share plan (the “Restricted Share Plan”) whereby the Company may grant restricted share rights to eligible employees, officers, directors and consultants at an expiry date to be determined by the Board of Directors. Each restricted share right entitles the holder to receive a common share of the Company without any further consideration. The Restricted Share Plan permits the issuance of up to a maximum of 2,800,000 RSRs.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company granted 895,480 RSRs with a fair value of $2.4 million, a three year vesting term, and a weighted average grant date fair value of C$3.63 per unit. As at December 31, 2015, the Company had 1,396,676 RSRs outstanding.

 

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E.Diluted Earnings Per Share

 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the following:

 

In $000s Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Net (loss) income $ (43,056) $ 11,515
         
Basic weighted average number of shares   119,622,450   112,852,945
Effect of dilutive securities        
·  Stock options   -   2,878,297
·  Warrants   -   5,553,482
·  Restricted share rights   -   113,774
Diluted weighted average number of common shares   119,622,450   121,398,498

 

The Company has a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015; however, the following lists the stock options and share purchase warrants that would have been included in the computation of diluted weighted average number of common shares if the Company had net earnings as they would have been dilutive. For the comparative year ending December 31, 2014, the following table lists the number of stock options, warrants and RSRs excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices exceeded the average market value of the common shares of C$5.61.

 

  Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Stock Options - 1,796,633
Warrants - 7,286,270
RSRs 64,973 434,853

 

11.Income Taxes

 

The income tax expense (recovery) differs from the amount that would result from applying the federal and provincial income tax rate to the net income before income taxes.

 

These differences result from the following items:

 

In $000s Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
(Loss) income before income taxes $ (33,944) $ 9,266
Canadian federal and provincial income tax rates   26.0%   26.0%
Income tax (recovery) expense based on the above rates $ (8,825) $ 2,409
Increase (decrease) due to:        
·  Non-deductible expenses   621   548
·  Permanent difference for gain on bargain purchase   -   (667)
·  Change in deductible temporary differences   6,073   -
·  Change in unrecognized temporary differences   3,632   -
·  Change in deferred taxes related to attributing taxable income from Barbadian subsidiary   8,060   -
·  Difference between statutory and foreign tax rates   (2,172)   (1,822)
·  Recognition of previously unrecognized and unused tax losses now recognized as deferred income tax assets   -   (1,516)
·  Other   1,723   (1,201)
Income tax  expense (recovery) $ 9,112 $ (2,249)

 

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As a result of an ongoing assessment of the Company’s assets held in foreign subsidiaries, during the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a reduction of its deferred income tax assets relating to taxable income previously attributed to its Barbadian subsidiary. A corresponding non-cash income tax expense of $8.1 million was accordingly recognized. The assessment is complex in nature, and the reduction and corresponding expense represent management estimates. The Company’s international transactions have not been reviewed by the Canada Revenue Agency, and should such transactions be reviewed no assurances can be given that the tax authority will concur with management’s estimates.

 

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are shown below:

 

In $000s As at December 31, 2015 As at December 31, 2014
Deferred Income Tax Assets        
    »  Non-capital losses   31,701   37,705
    »  Share issue costs   1,253   1,323
  »  Mineral interests and royalties   (13,304)   (11,428)
Total deferred income tax assets   19,650   27,600
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities        
    »  Mineral interest and royalties   3,279   5,892
Total deferred income tax liabilities   3,279   5,892
Total deferred income tax asset, net $ 16,371 $ 21,708

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset where they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company has the legal right and intent to offset. Non-capital losses have been recognized as a deferred income tax asset to the extent there will be future taxable income against which the Company can utilize the benefit prior to their expiration. The Company recognized deferred tax assets in respect of tax losses as at December 31, 2015 of $122.4 million (2014: $144.1 million) as it is probable that there will be future taxable profits to recover the deferred tax assets.

 

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Movement in net deferred income taxes:

 

In $000s Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Year Ended
December 31, 2013
Balance, beginning of the year $ 21,708 $ 8,280
Recognized in net (loss) income for the year   (8,240)   3,311
Recognized in equity   1,010   -
Recognition and movement of purchase price allocation (note 6)   1,592   9,616
Currency translation differences   301   501
Balance, end of year   16,371   21,708

 

The Company has deductible unused tax losses expiring as follows:

 

In $000s Location   Amount Expiration
Non-capital loss carry-forwards Canada $ 122,436 2028-2036
         

 

The aggregate amount of deductible temporary differences associated with capital losses and other items, for which deferred income tax assets have not been recognized as at December 31, 2015 are $48.7 million (2014: $39.5 million). No deferred tax asset is recognized in respect of these items because it is not probable that future taxable capital gains or taxable income will be available against which the Company can utilize the benefit.

 

12.Administration Expenses

 

The administration expenses for the Company are as follows:

 

In $000s Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Corporate administration $ 1,471 $ 1,327
Employee benefits and salaries   1,695   1,179
Professional fees   798   715
Depreciation   212   189
Administration expenses before share based compensation $ 4,176 $ 3,410
         
Equity settled share based compensation
(a non-cash expense)
  1,514   1,125
Total administration expenses $ 5,690 $ 4,535

 

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13.Supplemental Cash Flow Information

 

In $000s Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Change in non-cash working capital:        
·  Trade receivables and other $ (540) $ (65)
·  Trade and other payables   814   (97)
Net increase (decrease) in cash $ 274 $ (162)
Significant non-cash transactions:        
·  Restructuring of mineral interest and loan receivable $ 24,000   -
·  Exchange of mineral interest and corresponding reduction of promissory note   -   1,550
·  Issuance of common shares for Gold Royalties acquisition and other (note 4)   5,435   -
·  Issuance of warrants for mineral interest acquisitions (note 7 (b)) $ 3,674 $ -

 

14.Key Management Compensation

 

The remuneration of directors and those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling activities of the Company are as follows:

 

In $000s Year Ended
December 31, 2015
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
Short-term employee salaries and benefits $ 2,345 $ 1,921
Share-based payments   1,837   1,736
Total key management compensation expense $ 4,182 $ 3,657

 

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15.Contractual Obligations

 

A.Gold Streams

 

In connection with its Gold Streams, the Company has committed to purchase the following:

 

Gold Stream % of Life of Mine Gold  5,6,7,8,9 Per Ounce Cash Payment:
lesser of amount below and the then
prevailing market price of gold 1, 2, 3, 4
Bachelor Lake 20% $500
Black Fox 8% $518
Chapada 4.2% 30% of copper spot price
Entrée Gold 6.76% on Hugo North Extension
and 5.14% on Heruga
$220
Karma 25,000 ounces over 5 years
and 1.625% thereafter
20% of gold spot price
Ming 25% of the first 175,000 ounces of gold produced, and 12% thereafter $nil
Santa Elena 20% $357
Yamana Silver Stream Varies 30% of silver spot price

 

1)Subject to an annual inflationary adjustment except for Ming.
2)For the Entrée Gold Stream, after approximately 8.6 million ounces of gold have been produced from the joint venture property, the price increases to $500 per gold ounce.
3)For the Entrée Silver Stream, percentage of life of mine is 6.76% on Hugo North Extension and 5.14% on Heruga which the Company can purchase for the lesser of the prevailing market price and $5 per ounce of silver until 40.3 million ounces of silver have been produced from the entire joint venture property. Thereafter, the purchase price will increase to the lesser of the prevailing market price and $10 per ounce of silver.
4)For the Santa Elena Gold Stream, the Company can purchase for a per ounce cash payment equal to (i) the lesser of $357 and the then prevailing market price of gold for the open-pit mine and (ii) the lesser of $357 and the then prevailing market price of gold until 50,000 ounces of gold have been delivered to Sandstorm (inclusive of ounces already received from open-pit production), at which time the on-going per ounce payments will increase to the lesser of $450 and the then prevailing market price of gold for the underground mine.
5)For the Entrée Gold and Silver Stream, percentage of life of mine is 6.76% on Hugo North Extension and 5.14% on Heruga if the minerals produced are contained below 560 metres in depth.
6)For the Entrée Gold and Silver Stream, percentage of life of mine is 10.15% on Hugo North Extension and 7.7% on Heruga if the minerals produced are contained above 560 metres in depth.
7)For the Entrée copper stream, the Company has committed to purchase an amount equal to 0.5% of the copper produced from the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits. If the minerals produced are contained above 560 metres in depth, then the commitment increases to 0.75% for both the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits. Sandstorm will make ongoing per pound cash payments equal to the lesser of $0.50 and the then prevailing market price of copper, until 9.1 billion pounds of copper have been produced from the entire joint venture property. Thereafter, the on-going per pound payments will increase to the lesser of $1.10 and the then prevailing market price of copper.
8)For the Chapada copper stream, the Company has committed to purchase an amount equal to 4.2% of the copper produced (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper) until Yamana has delivered 39 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm; then 3.0% of the copper produced until, on a cumulative basis, Yamana has delivered 50 million pounds of copper to Sandstorm; then 1.5% of the copper produced thereafter, for the life of the mine. If Cerro Moro has not achieved the Commencement of Production and Sandstorm has not received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million from the Yamana Silver Stream, then the First Chapada Delivery Threshold and the Second Chapada Delivery Threshold will cease to be in effect and Sandstorm will continue to purchase 4.2% of Chapada’s payable copper production (up to an annual maximum of 3.9 million pounds of copper), until such time as Sandstorm has received cumulative pre-tax cash flow equal to $70 million, or Cerro Moro has achieved the Commencement of Production.
9)Under the terms of the Yamana Silver Stream, Sandstorm has agreed to purchase an amount of silver from Cerro Moro equal to 20% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 1.2 million ounces of silver), until Yamana has delivered to Sandstorm 7.0 million ounces of silver; then 9.0% of the silver produced thereafter. As part of the Yamana Silver Stream, during the year 2016 through 2018, Sandstorm has also agreed to purchase an amount of silver from: (i) the Minera Florida mine in Chile equal to 38% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 200,000 ounces of silver); and (ii) the Chapada mine in Brazil equal to 52% of the silver produced (up to an annual maximum of 100,000 ounces of silver).

 

In connection with the Karma Gold Stream, the Company has agreed, subject to certain financing conditions, to provide remaining upfront payments totaling $3.9 million (which were remitted subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015). In addition, the Stream Syndicate has provided True Gold with an 18 month option to increase funding by up to $20.0 million whereby Sandstorm’s commitment would be up to $5 million of the increase. In 2016, the Company remitted $1.25 million of that commitment.

 

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In connection with the Bomboré royalty, Sandstorm has committed to providing up to an additional $5.0 million in royalty financing (remittable in cash and/or shares, subject to certain conditions) to Orezone on a draw down basis until January 27, 2017.

 

As part of the Yamana transaction, the Company drew on its Revolving Loan. The Company will, from time to time, repay balances outstanding on its Revolving Loan with operating cash flow and cash flow from other sources. The amounts drawn on the Revolving Loan remain subject to interest at LIBOR plus 3.00% – 4.25% per annum, and the undrawn portion of the Revolving Loan remains subject to a standby fee of 0.75% – 1.05% per annum, dependent on the Company’s leverage ratio. The Revolving Loan matures in July 2019.

 

16.Segmented Information

 

The Company’s reportable operating segments, which are components of the Company’s business where separate financial information is available and which are evaluated on a regular basis by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker, for the purpose of assessing performance, are summarized in the tables below:

 

For the year ended December 31, 2015

 

In $000s Sales Royalty
revenue
Cost of sales
(excluding depletion)
Depletion Impairment
of mineral
interests
Income (loss)
before taxes
Cash from
operations
Aurizona, Brazil $ 10,773 $ - $ 3,690 $ 1,072 $ - $ 6,011 $ 7,083
Bachelor Lake, Canada   8,285   -   3,550   4,220   -   515   4,735
Black Fox, Canada   6,856   -   3,041   4,281   -   (466)   3,815
Diavik Mine, Canada       5,656   -   6,273   -   (617)   4,480
Ming, Canada   1,855   -   -   1,994   -   (139)   1,855
Santa Elena, Mexico   10,640   -   3,266   6,115   -   1,259   7,374
Royalties 1   -   8,422   -   11,292   (18,322)   (21,192)   8,679
Other   176   -   19   65   (3,323)   (3,227)   161
Corporate   -   -   -   -   -   (16,088)   (7,363)
Consolidated $ 38,585 $ 14,078 $ 13,566 $ 35,312 $ (21,645) $ (33,944) $ 30,819

 

1)Includes royalty revenue from Bracemac-McLeod, Gualcamayo, Emigrant Springs, Mine Waste Solutions, San Andres, and Thunder Creek. Includes royalty revenue from royalty interests located in Canada of $3.5 million, in the United States of $1.9 million, and other of $3.0 million.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2014

 

In $000s Sales Royalty
revenue
Cost of sales
(excluding depletion)
Depletion Impairment
of mineral
interests
Income (loss)
before taxes
Cash from
operations
Aurizona, Brazil $ 15,527 $ - $ 4,986 $ 1,463 $ - $ 9,078 $ 10,541
Bachelor Lake, Canada   11,899   -   4,662   5,541   -   1,696   7,237
Black Fox, Canada   6,889   -   2,790   3,920   -   179   4,099
Ming, Canada   2,459   -   -   1,611   -   848   2,459
Santa Elena, Mexico   6,916   -   1,945   3,359   -   1,612   4,971
Royalties 1   -   12,804   -   12,019   (1,215)   (430)   13,674
Corporate   -   -   -   -   -   (3,717)   (7,757)
Consolidated $ 43,690 $ 12,804 $ 14,383 $ 27,913 $ (1,215) $ 9,266 $ 35,224

 

1)Includes Bracemac-McLeod, Gualcamayo, Emigrant Springs, Mine Waste Solutions, San Andres, Sao Francisco, Sao Vicente, and Thunder Creek. Includes royalty revenue from royalty interests located in Canada of $1.8 million, in the United States of $0.6 million, and other of $1.6 million.

 

 

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Total assets as of:

 

In $000s December 31, 20151 December 31, 20141
Aurizona $ 10,690 $ 21,602
Bachelor Lake   7,993   12,213
Black Fox   15,641   19,922
Chapada  

69,520

  -
Diavik Mine   48,013   -
Entrée   42,493   42,493
Karma   21,174   14,456
Ming   12,446   14,440
Santa Elena   6,140   12,255
Yamana Silver Stream  

74,229

  -
Royalties 2   103,634   150,120
Other 3  

6,868

  11,438
Corporate  

78,032

  132,131
Consolidated $ 496,873 $ 431,070

 

1)Includes related accounts receivables and payables in relation to the respective properties.
2)Includes Bracemac-McLeod, Coringa, Mt. Hamilton, Paul Isnard, Prairie Creek, Ann Mason, Serra Pelada, Gualcamayo, Emigrant Springs, Mine Waste Solutions, San Andres, Sao Francisco, Sao Vicente, Thunder Creek, Bomboré, and the Gold Royalties royalty portfolio.
3)Includes Summit and other.

 

17.Subsequent events

 

Teck Royalty Package

 

On January 19, 2016, the Company announced that it had agreed to acquire 55 royalties from Teck Resources Limited (“Teck”) and its affiliates for total consideration of up to $22 million, payable in $1.4 million cash and $20.6 million in common shares of the Company.

 

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Entrée Stream

 

Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015, Sandstorm amended its Gold Stream with Entrée Gold Inc. (“Entrée”) such that the Company will now purchase an amount equal to 5.62% and 4.26% of the gold and silver by-products produced from the Hugo North Extension and Heruga deposits located in Mongolia, (the “Hugo North Extension” and “Heruga”, respectively) for per ounce cash payments equal to the lesser of $220 per ounce of gold and $5 per ounce of silver and the then prevailing market price of gold and silver, respectively. Additionally, Sandstorm amended its copper stream such that the Company will now purchase an amount equal to 0.42% share of the copper produced from Hugo North Extension and Heruga for per pound cash payments equal to the lesser of $0.50 per pound of copper and the then prevailing market price of copper. In consideration for the amendment and subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2015, Sandstorm received consideration of $6.8 million (of which $5.5 million was paid in cash and $1.3 million was received by way of Entrée common shares).

 

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Exhibit 99.3

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Nolan Watson, certify that:

 

1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of Sandstorm Gold Ltd.;
     
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
     
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
     
4.   The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:
         
    (a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
         
    (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
         
    (c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
         
    (d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and
         
5.   The issuer’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
         
    (a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
         
    (b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  December 7, 2016 /s/ Nolan Watson
  Nolan Watson
  Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Erfan Kazemi, certify that:

 

1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of Sandstorm Gold Ltd.;
     
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
     
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
     
4.   The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:
         
    (a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
         
    (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
         
    (c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
         
    (d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and
         
5.   The issuer’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
         
    (a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
         
    (b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

  

Date:  December 7, 2016  
   
   
 

/s/ Erfan Kazemi

  Erfan Kazemi
  Chief Financial Officer

 

 



 

Exhibit 99.4

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. §1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with this Amendment No. 1 to the annual report of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 40-F for the period ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Nolan Watson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: December 7, 2016  
   
   
  /s/ Nolan Watson
  Nolan Watson
  Chief Executive Officer

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and will be retained by Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

This certification accompanies the annual report pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Registrant for purposes of §18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

 

 

 

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. §1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with this Amendment No. 1 to the annual report of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 40-F for the period ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Erfan Kazemi, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: December 7, 2016  
   
   
  /s/ Erfan Kazemi
  Erfan Kazemi
  Chief Financial Officer

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and will be retained by Sandstorm Gold Ltd. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

This certification accompanies the annual report pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Registrant for purposes of §18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

 



 

Exhibit 99.5

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement No. 333-206476 on Form F-10 and to the use of our reports dated March 30, 2016 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (“Sandstorm”) and the effectiveness of Sandstorm’s internal control over financial reporting (which report expresses an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of Sandstorm’s internal control over financial reporting because of a material weakness) appearing in this Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 40-F of Sandstorm for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

  /s/ Deloitte LLP
  Chartered Professional Accountants
  Vancouver, Canada
 

December 7, 2016

 

 



This regulatory filing also includes additional resources:
v454533_ex99-2.pdf
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