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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________________________
FORM 10-K
_________________________________________________________
(Mark One)
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Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
or
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Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from to
to
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Commission file number 001-34626
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Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Maryland
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58-2328421
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
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5565 Glenridge Connector Ste. 450, Atlanta, Georgia
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30342
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
(Zip Code) |
(770) 418-8800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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Title of each class |
Trading
Symbol
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Name of exchange on which registered |
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
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PDM
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New York Stock Exchange
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
(Title of Class)
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned
issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file
reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted
electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Large accelerated filer ☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company
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Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange
Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on
and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the
registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit
report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act,
indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the
registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an
error to previously issued financial statements.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are
restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based
compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers
during the relevant recovery period pursuant to
§240.10D-1(b).
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate market value of the common
stock of Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc., held by non-affiliates
was $1,600,619,445 based on the closing price as reported on the
New York Stock Exchange. As of February 22, 2023, 123,642,953
shares of common stock were outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
Registrant incorporates by reference portions of the Piedmont
Office Realty Trust, Inc. Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023
Annual Meeting of Stockholders (Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of
Part III) to be filed no later than May 1, 2023.
Index to Financial Statements
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FORM 10-K |
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PIEDMONT OFFICE REALTY TRUST, INC. |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS |
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PART I. |
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Page No. |
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Item 1. |
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Item 1A. |
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Item 1B. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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PART II. |
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Item 5. |
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Item 6. |
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Item 7. |
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Item 7A. |
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Item 8. |
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Item 9. |
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Item 9A. |
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Item 9B. |
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Item 9C. |
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PART III. |
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Item 10. |
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Item 11. |
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Item 12. |
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Item 13. |
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Item 14. |
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PART IV. |
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Item 15. |
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Index to Financial Statements
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this Form 10-K may constitute
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal
securities laws. In addition, Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc.
("Piedmont," "we," "our," or "us"), or its executive officers on
Piedmont’s behalf, may from time to time make forward-looking
statements in reports and other documents Piedmont files with the
Securities and Exchange Commission or in connection with other
written or oral statements made to the press, potential investors,
or others. Statements regarding future events and developments and
Piedmont’s future performance, as well as management’s
expectations, beliefs, plans, estimates, or projections relating to
the future, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking
statements include statements preceded by, followed by, or that
include the words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,”
“estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” or other similar words. Examples
of such statements in this report include descriptions of our real
estate, financings, and operating objectives; discussions regarding
future dividends and share repurchases; and discussions regarding
the potential impact of economic conditions on our real estate and
lease portfolio, among others.
These statements are based on beliefs and assumptions of Piedmont’s
management, which in turn are based on information available at the
time the statements are made. Important assumptions relating to the
forward-looking statements include, among others, assumptions
regarding the demand for office space in the markets in which
Piedmont operates, competitive conditions, and general economic
conditions. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. The
forward-looking statements also involve risks and uncertainties,
which could cause actual results to differ materially from those
contained in any forward-looking statement. Many of these factors
are beyond Piedmont’s ability to control or predict. Such factors
include, but are not limited to, the following:
•Economic,
regulatory, socio-economic (including work from home),
technological (e.g. Metaverse, Zoom, etc), and other changes that
impact the real estate market generally, the office sector or the
patterns of use of commercial office space in general, or the
markets where we primarily operate or have high concentrations of
Annualized Lease Revenue (“ALR”) (see definition in
Item
1. Business
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K);
•The
impact of competition on our efforts to renew existing leases or
re-let space on terms similar to existing leases;
•Lease
terminations, lease defaults, lease contractions, or changes in the
financial condition of our tenants, particularly by one of our
large lead tenants;
•Impairment
charges on our long-lived assets or goodwill resulting
therefrom;
•The
success of our real estate strategies and investment objectives,
including our ability to implement successful redevelopment and
development strategies or identify and consummate suitable
acquisitions and divestitures;
•The
illiquidity of real estate investments, including economic changes,
such as rising interest rates, which could impact the number of
buyers/sellers of our target properties, and regulatory
restrictions to which real estate investment trusts ("REITs") are
subject and the resulting impediment on our ability to quickly
respond to adverse changes in the performance of our
properties;
•The
risks and uncertainties associated with our acquisition and
disposition of properties, many of which risks and uncertainties
may not be known at the time of acquisition or
disposition;
•Development
and construction delays, including the potential of supply chain
disruptions, and resultant increased costs and risks;
•Future
acts of terrorism, civil unrest, or armed hostilities in any of the
major metropolitan areas in which we own properties, or future
cybersecurity attacks against any of our properties or our
tenants;
•Risks
related to the occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in
our cybersecurity, which could negatively impact our business by
causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption
of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business
relationships;
•Costs
of complying with governmental laws and regulations, including
environmental standards imposed on office building
owners;
•Uninsured
losses or losses in excess of our insurance coverage, and our
inability to obtain adequate insurance coverage at a reasonable
cost;
•Additional
risks and costs associated with directly managing properties
occupied by government tenants, such as potential changes in the
political environment, a reduction in federal or state funding of
our governmental tenants, or an increased risk of default by
government tenants during periods in which state or federal
governments are shut down or on furlough;
•Significant
price and volume fluctuations in the public markets, including on
the exchange which we listed our common stock;
•Changes
in the method pursuant to which the London Interbank Offered Rate
("LIBOR") and the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) rates
are determined and the planned phasing out of United States dollar
("USD") LIBOR after June 2023;
Index to Financial Statements
•Changing
capital reserve requirements on our lenders and rapidly rising
interest rates in the public bond markets could impact our ability
to finance properties or refinance existing debt or significantly
increase operating/financing costs;
•The
effect of future offerings of debt or equity securities on the
value of our common stock;
•Additional
risks and costs associated with inflation and continuing increases
in the rate of inflation, including the possibility of a recession
that could negatively impact our operations and the operations of
our tenants and their ability to pay rent;
•Uncertainties
associated with environmental and regulatory matters;
•Changes
in the financial condition of our tenants directly or indirectly
resulting from geopolitical developments that could negatively
affect important supply chains and international trade, the
termination or threatened termination of existing international
trade agreements, or the implementation of tariffs or retaliatory
tariffs on imported or exported goods;
•The
effect of any litigation to which we are, or may become,
subject;
•Additional
risks and costs associated with owning properties occupied by
tenants in particular industries, such as oil and gas, hospitality,
travel, co-working, etc., including risks of default during
start-up and during economic downturns;
•Changes
in tax laws impacting REITs and real estate in general, as well as
our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or other tax law
changes which may adversely affect our stockholders;
•The
future effectiveness of our internal controls and
procedures;
•Actual
or threatened public health epidemics or outbreaks, such as the
COVID-19 pandemic, as well as governmental and private measures
taken to combat such health crises, could have a material adverse
effect on our business operations and financial
results;
•The
adequacy of our general reserve related to tenant lease-related
assets or the establishment of any other reserve in the future;
and
•Other
factors, including the risk factors described in
Item
1A.
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Management believes these forward-looking statements are
reasonable; however, undue reliance should not be placed on any
forward-looking statements, which are based on current
expectations. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of
the date they are made, and management undertakes no obligation to
update publicly any of them in light of new information or future
events.
Index to Financial Statements
Summary of Risk Factors
Material risks that may affect our business, operating results and
financial condition include, but are not limited to, the
following:
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
•economic,
regulatory, socio-economic or technology changes that impact the
real estate market generally, or that could affect patterns of use
of commercial office space, such as work-from-home practices and
utilization of open workspaces or “co-working” space;
•competition
in the leasing market;
•conditions
of the office market in general, and of the specific markets in
which we operate;
•lease
termination or tenant defaults, particularly by one of our
significant lead tenants;
•ability
of tenants to exercise early termination rights within
leases;
•managing
properties occupied by governmental tenants;
•adverse
market and economic conditions;
•difficulty
in identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions that meet our
investment criteria;
•future
acquisitions of properties may not yield anticipated returns, may
disrupt our business, and may strain our resources;
•acquired
properties may be located in new, unfamiliar markets;
•illiquidity
of real estate investments;
•inability
to dispose of properties in a timely or efficient
manner;
•development
and construction delays;
•our
redevelopment and development strategies may not be
successful;
•actual
or threatened public health epidemics or outbreaks, such as the
COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of variant strains, and
governmental and private measures taken to combat such health
crises;
•future
terrorist attacks;
•cybersecurity
incidents and security;
•uninsured
losses or losses in excess of our insurance coverage;
•insolvency
of our insurance carriers;
•lack
of sole decision-making authority for our joint venture
investments;
•costs
of complying with governmental laws and regulations;
•liability
for environmental contamination or adverse environmental conditions
in our buildings;
•failure
to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or similar
regulations;
•effects
of climate change and actions taken by the government and
corporations to transition to a lower-carbon economy;
•loss
of key personnel;
•litigation;
•ineffective
disclosure controls or internal controls;
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
•provisions
of our organizational documents may have an anti-takeover effect
and discourage third parties from seeking change of control
transactions;
•limitations
in our charter on the number of shares a person may own which may
discourage a takeover;
•certain
significant actions by our board of directors may be taken without
stockholder approval;
•stock
issuances may be approved by our board of directors with terms that
may subordinate the rights of our common stockholders which may
discourage a takeover;
•certain
elections by our board of directors could subject us to certain
Maryland law limitations on changes in control that could prevent
transactions;
•our
rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against
our board of directors and officers are limited;
Index to Financial Statements
Risks Related to Tax Matters
•failure
to qualify as a REIT;
•changes
in tax laws;
•incurring
certain tax liabilities;
•differences
between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of
cash;
•our
distributions do not qualify for certain reduced tax
rates;
•a
re-characterization of transactions may result in lost tax benefits
or prohibited transactions;
•adverse
changes in state and local tax laws;
•property
taxes affecting returns on real estate;
Risks Associated with Debt Financing
•continuing
to incur mortgage or other debt;
•rising
interest rates;
•restrictive
debt covenants;
•increases
in variable-rate debt payments;
•changes
in interest rates that impact our interest rate derivative
contracts;
•replacement
of USD LIBOR with SOFR;
•a
downgrade in our credit rating;
General Risks
•changes
in our dividend policy;
•price
and volume fluctuations in the public market, including on the New
York Stock Exchange;
•future
offering of debt securities;
•market
interest rates changes and resulting effect on the value of our
common stock; and
•securities
analysts' coverage of our common stock.
Index to Financial Statements
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. (“Piedmont," "we," "our," or
"us") (NYSE: PDM) is a Maryland corporation that operates in a
manner so as to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”)
for federal income tax purposes and engages in the ownership,
management, development, redevelopment, and operation of
high-quality, Class A office properties located primarily in major
U.S. Sunbelt markets. Piedmont was incorporated in 1997 and
commenced operations in 1998. Piedmont conducts business through
its wholly-owned subsidiary, Piedmont Operating Partnership, L.P.
(“Piedmont OP”), a Delaware limited partnership. Piedmont OP owns
properties directly, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, and through
various joint ventures which it controls. References to Piedmont
herein shall include Piedmont and all of its subsidiaries,
including Piedmont OP and its subsidiaries and joint
ventures.
Operating Objectives and Strategy
As of December 31, 2022, we owned and operated 51 in-service
office properties comprised of approximately 16.7 million square
feet of primarily Class A office space which were 86.7% leased.
Additionally, we have one redevelopment asset comprising 127,000
square feet in Orlando, Florida. Collectively, over two-thirds of
our ALR is generated from our properties located in our Sunbelt
markets. We lease space to a mixture of corporate tenants from
multiple industries, and our average lease size is approximately
15,000 square feet with an average lease term remaining of
approximately six years. Our diversified tenant base is primarily
comprised of investment grade or nationally recognized corporations
or governmental agencies, with the majority of our ALR derived from
such tenants. No tenant accounts for more than 5% of our
ALR.
Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with local management offices in
each of our markets, Piedmont values operational excellence and is
a leading participant among REITs based on the number of buildings
owned and managed with Building Owners and Managers Association
("BOMA") 360 designations. BOMA 360 is a program that evaluates a
building's operations and management and benchmarks its performance
against industry standards. As of December 31, 2022, properties
representing approximately 95% of our portfolio (based on square
footage) had achieved such a designation, recognizing excellence in
building operations and management. Our focus on operational
excellence, fostering long-term relationships with our high-credit
quality, diverse tenant base, and maintaining our portfolio of
modern, amenity-rich properties, has resulted in an approximate 67%
tenant retention rate over the past ten years.
In addition to operational excellence, we also focus on
environmental sustainability initiatives at our properties as
further detailed below. During 2022, we were named an Energy Star
Partner of the Year for the second year in a row, as well as being
selected as a 2022 Green Lease Leader by the Institute for Market
Transformation and the U.S. Department of Energy's Better Buildings
Alliance. Approximately half of our portfolio (based on square
footage) has achieved and maintains Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design ("LEED") certification and the entire
portfolio has been awarded the WELL Health-Safety Rating through
the International WELL Building Institute ("IWBI").
Our primary operating objectives are to maximize the risk-adjusted
return to our stockholders by increasing cash flow from operations,
by achieving sustainable growth in funds from operations, and by
growing net asset value as a result of long-term capital
appreciation. The strategies we employ to achieve these objectives
include:
Recycling Capital Efficiently
We use our proven, disciplined capital recycling capabilities to
maximize total return to our stockholders by selectively disposing
of non-core assets and assets for which we believe full value
potential during our ownership has been achieved, and redeploying
the proceeds from those dispositions into new investment
opportunities with higher overall return prospects. Our investment
strategy focuses on attractively priced, high quality, Class A
office properties located in Sunbelt markets that we have
identified based on their positive economic and demographic growth
trends, strong amenity base, desired location for large corporate
users, above-average job and rental rate growth, proximity to
robust housing options, market-leading transportation access and
infrastructure, and where we can build a significant market
presence. We generally look to acquire properties that complement
our existing portfolio in such a manner that efficiencies can be
gained and our market expertise can be maximized. Further, from
time to time we may also selectively enter into strategic joint
ventures with third parties to acquire, develop, redevelop or
dispose of properties, thereby potentially reducing the amount of
our capital required to make investments, diversifying our sources
of capital, enabling us to creatively acquire and control targeted
properties, or allowing us to reduce our investment concentration
in certain properties and/or markets without disrupting our
operating performance or local operating capabilities.
Index to Financial Statements
Proactive Asset and Property Management, Leasing Capabilities, and
Management of Portfolio Risk
Our proactive approach to asset and property management encompasses
a number of strategies designed to maximize occupancy and rental
rates while following leading environmentally-conscious business
practices and also meeting or exceeding the needs of today's
discerning tenants. Such strategies include:
•maintaining
local management offices in markets where we have a significant
presence;
•offering,
or being located near, superior amenities that help our tenants
attract and retain their employees;
•maintaining
our high quality properties in an environmentally-friendly
manner;
•renovating
our buildings to maintain their modern appearance and superior
operating condition;
•building
and cultivating our relationships with commercial real estate
executives;
•using
creative leasing approaches such as early extensions, lease
wrap-arounds and restructurings; and
•utilizing
a national buying platform for property management support services
to ensure optimal pricing, as well as to consistently implement
best practices and achieve sustainability standards.
We manage portfolio risk by:
•owning
Class A office properties which are among the most desirable in
their respective office sub-markets;
•focusing
our portfolio primarily in high growth Sunbelt
markets;
•ensuring
that our tenants are credit-worthy and represent a broad spectrum
of industry types with lease expirations that are laddered over
many years;
•maintaining
a low leverage structure, utilizing primarily unsecured financing
facilities with laddered maturities;
•structuring
lease expirations to avoid having multiple leases expire in the
same market in a relatively short period of time;
•using
our experience to meet the specialized requirements of federal,
state and local government agency tenants; and
•utilizing
our purchasing power and market knowledge to reduce property
operating costs.
Financing Strategy
We employ a conservative leverage strategy by maintaining a
targeted debt-to-gross assets ratio of between 30% to 40%, and a
targeted debt to EBITDA of low 6x or below. To effectively manage
our long-term leverage strategy, we continue to analyze various
sources of debt capital to prudently ladder debt maturities and to
determine which sources will be the most beneficial to our
investment strategy at any particular time.
Redevelopment and Repositioning of Properties
As circumstances warrant, we may redevelop or reposition properties
within our portfolio, including the creation of additional
amenities for our tenants to increase tenant satisfaction,
occupancy, and rental rates and thereby improve returns on our
invested capital, as well as to maintain and enhance the
competitive positioning of our properties in their respective
marketplaces.
Operating our Properties in an Environmentally Responsible
Manner
We strive to own and manage workplaces that are environmentally
conscious, productive, and healthy for our tenants, employees, and
local communities by:
•empowering
our property teams with the data and tools they need to sustainably
manage their buildings
•leveraging
industry partnerships with BOMA, Energy Star, the U.S. Green
Building Council, and GRESB, to verify and advance the
environmental performance of our assets;
•implementing
programs that continually improve our environmental performance and
manage our climate change risk;
•setting
performance targets that demonstrate our commitment to sustainable
practices; and
•renovating
our properties to reduce operating costs, meet recognized
sustainable development standards, and reduce our environmental
impact.
To combat the increasing cost of electricity, natural gas, off-site
energy sources, water rates, and insurance rates at our properties
and to mitigate the transitional and physical risks associated with
climate change (See
Item
1A. Risk Factors
which follow), we have set goals to reduce property energy and
water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and improve landfill
diversion rates. To reduce the risk that increasing stringent
building and energy codes could increase construction, capital, and
maintenance costs, we continue to update our buildings with energy
efficient equipment to stay ahead of anticipated future
code
Index to Financial Statements
changes in both landlord and tenant-controlled spaces. We also
closely engage with our tenants regarding our environmental
initiatives and encourage them to partner with us to reduce energy
use within their leased spaces. Additionally, we periodically
incorporate the issuance of green bonds to acquire, develop,
redevelop, and renovate buildings to reduce operating costs, meet
recognized sustainable development standards, and reduce our
environmental impact. As our environmental programs have been
ongoing for several years under the coordinated supervision of our
National Vice President of Sustainability, we currently do not
anticipate incurring any unusually large or material capital
expenditures within any given year in order to meet these
goals.
Further details concerning Piedmont's environmental and climate
risk management strategy and programs can be found in our annual
ESG report located on our website, www.piedmontreit.com under the
"ESG" section. The information contained on our website is not
incorporated herein by reference.
Human Capital and Social Involvement
As of December 31, 2022, we had 149 employees, with
approximately one-third of our employees working in our corporate
office located in Atlanta, Georgia. Our remaining employees work in
local management offices located in each of the office markets we
serve. These employees are involved in acquiring, developing,
redeveloping, leasing, and managing our portfolio of properties. We
outsource various functions where cost efficiencies can be
achieved, such as certain areas of information technology,
construction, building engineering, and leasing. Approximately
two-thirds of our workforce are salaried, with the remainder
compensated on an hourly basis.
We are committed to hiring and supporting a diverse workforce that
fosters skilled and motivated people working together to deliver
results in support of our core business values. We encourage all
employees, tenants, and vendors to mutually respect one another's
diversity in order to maintain a cohesive work environment that
values fairness and equal treatment. During 2022, we continued our
training programs for our employees, managers, and contractors
including professional training on workplace harassment and
cybersecurity.
In addition, employees
and managers
received diversity, communication, ethics, and safety training.
Select managers also received individual management
development.
We intend to provide an environment that is equitable, unbiased,
pleasant, diverse, healthy, comfortable, and free from
intimidation, hostilities, or other offenses that might interfere
with work performance. We apply this policy to all of our
employees, suppliers, and vendors, regardless of their geographic
location.
The Piedmont Wayne Woody ("PWW") Foundation, which was established
in memory of our first independent Chairman of the Board, W. Wayne
Woody, distributes charitable contributions to nonprofit
organizations that fit our charitable giving criteria, demonstrate
fiscal and administrative stability, and are not discriminatory or
political. The PWW Foundation, in partnership with two Historically
Black Colleges and Universities, also provides funding for the
Piedmont Office Realty Trust Scholarship Program which provides
renewable, need-based, scholastic support to selected students
interested in pursuing a career related to the real estate
industry.
In addition to financial contributions through the PWW Foundation,
we recognize the value and benefit of employee volunteerism and
fully appreciate its positive impact on the community, our
employees, and ultimately, our company culture by promoting team
building, collaboration, and unity. Our employees have partnered
together to donate thousands of dollars and hours annually to
numerous organizations.
Further details concerning our workforce and social and community
involvement initiatives can be found in our annual ESG report
located on our website, www.piedmontreit.com under the "ESG"
section. The information contained on our website is not
incorporated herein by reference.
Cyber Risk Oversight
The Audit Committee of the board of directors, comprised of three
independent members, all of whom have information security
experience, oversees our management of cyber risk and is briefed
quarterly on information technology and information security
matters. Any significant issues identified would be reported to the
board on a quarterly basis as well. Certain members of the board of
directors also have significant cyber security experience. Although
we have never experienced an information security breach or
incurred any expenses related to an information security breach, we
take a proactive approach to managing information security risk.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we engaged an external
accounting firm to update our Information Technology Cybersecurity
Risk Assessment. The results of the assessment were reported to the
Audit Committee and the board of directors. Additionally, an annual
audit focusing on entity-level, application and information
technology general computer controls is performed by an external
audit firm. Vulnerability and penetration tests are also performed
annually by a third party. We have an information security training
and compliance program, in which all employees are
Index to Financial Statements
required to participate on a formal basis at least annually, with
cybersecurity updates, notices, reminders, and simulated
cyber-attacks emailed to all employees bi-weekly. Piedmont carries
an information security risk insurance policy.
Competition
We compete for tenants for our high-quality assets by fostering
strong tenant relationships and by providing quality customer
service including: leasing, asset management, property management,
and construction management services. In each market where we
operate, we also face significant competition for attractive
investment opportunities from a large number of other real estate
investors, including investors with significant capital resources
such as domestic and foreign corporations and financial
institutions, other publicly traded and privately held REITs,
private institutional investment funds, investment banking firms,
life insurance companies and pension funds. We do not face,
however, the same competitors in every market. This competition,
along with market-specific vacancy rates and the condition of
available, leasable square footage, affects the rental rates and
concessions that we negotiate with our tenants. Our competitors,
along with these other market factors, also influence the price we
pay to acquire properties, and the proceeds we receive when we
dispose of a building.
Government Regulations
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are
subject to various federal, state, and local laws and regulations.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) for example,
places of public accommodation must meet certain federal
requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. We may
incur substantial costs to comply with the ADA or any other
legislation. Noncompliance with ADA could result in the imposition
of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to
private litigants.
Furthermore, under various federal, state, and local environmental
laws, ordinances, and regulations, we may be liable for the cost to
remove or remediate hazardous or toxic substances, wastes, or
petroleum products on, under, from, or in such property. These
costs, and the costs of compliance with these laws, ordinances and
regulations, could be substantial and liability under these laws
may attach whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was
responsible for, the presence of such contamination. Some of these
laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on
tenants, owners, or operators for the costs to investigate or
remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether
the acts causing the contamination were legal. The presence of
hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate these
substances, may hinder our ability to sell, rent, or pledge such
property as collateral for future borrowings.
While we believe that we are currently in material compliance with
these laws and regulatory requirements, compliance with new laws or
regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws by agencies
or the courts may require us to incur material expenditures or may
impose additional liabilities on us, including environmental
liabilities. In addition, there are various local, state, and
federal fire, health, life-safety, and similar regulations with
which we may be required to comply, and which may subject us to
liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance. If we
were required to make significant expenditures under applicable
regulations, our financial condition, results of operations, cash
flows and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to
pay distributions could be adversely affected. See
Item
1A. Risk Factors
for further discussion of the risks associated with compliance with
regulations and environmental concerns.
Segment Information
As of December 31, 2022, our reportable segments were
determined geographically based on the markets in which we have
significant investments. We consider geographic location when
evaluating our portfolio composition and in assessing the ongoing
operations and performance of our properties. See
Note
16,
Segment Information, to the accompanying consolidated financial
statements.
Concentration of Credit Risk
We are dependent upon the ability of our current tenants to pay
their contractual rent amounts as the rents become due. The
inability of a tenant to pay future rental amounts would have a
negative impact on our results of operations. As of
December 31, 2022, our tenants come from broadly diversified
industry sectors and no individual tenant represented more than 5%
of our ALR.
Other Matters
We have contracts with various governmental agencies, exclusively
in the form of operating leases in buildings we own. See
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
which follow for further discussion of the risks associated with
these contracts.
Index to Financial Statements
Information Regarding Disclosures Presented
ALR is calculated by multiplying (i) current rental payments
(defined as base rent plus operating expense reimbursements, if
payable by the tenant on a monthly basis under the terms of a lease
that has been executed, but excluding (a) rental abatements and (b)
rental payments related to executed but not commenced leases for
space that was covered by an existing lease), by (ii) 12. In
instances in which contractual rents or operating expense
reimbursements are collected on an annual, semi-annual, or
quarterly basis, such amounts are multiplied by a factor of 1, 2,
or 4, respectively, to calculate the annualized figure. For leases
that have been executed but not commenced relating to unleased
space, ALR is calculated by multiplying (i) the monthly base rental
payment (excluding abatements) plus any operating expense
reimbursements for the initial month of the lease term, by (ii) 12.
Unless stated otherwise, this measure excludes revenues associated
with development properties and properties taken out of service for
redevelopment, if any.
Website Address
Access to copies of each of our annual reports on Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy
statements, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC"), including any amendments to such filings,
may be obtained free of charge from the following website,
www.piedmontreit.com, or directly from the SEC’s website at
www.sec.gov. These filings are available promptly after we file
them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Information contained on
our website or that can be accessed through our website is not
incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
Index to Financial Statements
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks detailed below are not the only risks facing us. Please
be aware that additional risks and uncertainties not currently
known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial could
also materially harm our business, operating results, cash flows or
financial condition, impair our future prospects, negatively affect
our ability to make distributions to our stockholders or cause the
price of our common stock to decline. You should also refer to the
other information contained in our periodic reports, including the
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements, our
consolidated financial statements and the related notes, and
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations for a further discussion of the risks,
uncertainties, and assumptions relating to our
business.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
Economic, regulatory, socio-economic or technology changes that
impact the real estate market generally, or that could affect
patterns of use of commercial office space, may cause our operating
results to suffer and decrease the value of our real estate
properties.
The investment returns available from equity investments in real
estate depend on the amount of income earned and capital
appreciation generated by the properties, as well as the expenses
incurred in connection with the properties. If our properties do
not generate income sufficient to meet operating expenses,
including debt service and capital expenditures, then our ability
to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely
affected. In addition, there are significant expenditures
associated with an investment in real estate (such as debt
payments, real estate taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs) that
generally do not decline when circumstances reduce the income from
the property. The following factors, among others, may adversely
affect the operating performance and long- or short-term value of
our properties:
•changes
in the national, regional, or local economic climate, particularly
in markets in which we have a concentration of
properties;
•local
office market conditions such as employment rates and changes in
the supply of, or demand for, space in properties similar to those
that we own within a particular area;
•changes
in the patterns of office or parking garage use due to
work-from-home arrangements, or remote work technology (e.g.
Metaverse, Zoom, etc) becoming more prevalent or other changes that
reduce the demand for office workers or parking spaces
generally;
•increased
demand for "co-working", open workspaces, or sharing of office
space with other companies;
•increased
supply of office space due to the conversion of other asset classes
such as shopping malls and other retail establishments to office
space;
•the
attractiveness of our properties to potential tenants and
competition from other available properties;
•changes
in interest rates and availability of permanent financing sources
that may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive or
otherwise reduce returns to stockholders;
•changes
in market rental rates and related concessions granted to tenants,
including free rent and tenant improvement allowances;
•the
financial stability of our tenants or groups of tenants in specific
industry sectors (such as the oil and gas, hospitality, travel,
retail, and co-working sectors), including bankruptcies, financial
difficulties, or lease defaults by our tenants;
•the
inability to finance property development or acquisitions on
favorable terms;
•changes
in operating costs and expenses, including costs for maintenance,
insurance, and real estate taxes, and our inability to timely
adjust rents in light of such changes;
•the
need to periodically fund the costs to repair, renovate, and re-let
space;
•earthquakes,
tornadoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters, civil unrest,
terrorist acts or acts of war, any of which may result in uninsured
or under-insured losses;
•health
crises such as the spread of communicable diseases and governmental
or private measures taken to combat such health
crises;
•changes
in, or increased costs of compliance with, governmental
regulations, including those governing usage, zoning, the
environment, and taxes; and
•significant
changes in accounting standards and tax laws.
In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising
interest rates, or declining demand for real estate could result in
a general decrease in rents or an increased occurrence of defaults
under existing leases, which would adversely affect our financial
condition and results of operations. Any of the above factors may
prevent us from generating sufficient cash flow to operate our
business, make distributions to our stockholders, or maintain the
value of our real estate properties.
Index to Financial Statements
We face considerable competition in the leasing market and may be
unable to renew existing leases or re-let space on terms similar to
the existing leases, or we may expend significant capital in our
efforts to re-let space.
Every year, we compete with a number of other developers, owners,
and operators of office and office-oriented, mixed-use properties
to renew leases with our existing tenants and to attract new
tenants. The competition for credit worthy corporate tenants is
intense, and we may have difficulty competing, especially with
competitors who have purchased properties at discounted prices
allowing them to offer space at reduced rental rates, or those that
have the ability to offer superior amenities or more flexible
leasing terms. If our competitors offer office accommodations at
rental rates below current market rates or below the rental rates
we currently charge our tenants, we may lose potential tenants, and
we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we
currently charge in order to retain tenants upon expiration of
their existing leases. Even if our tenants renew their leases or we
are able to re-let the space to new tenants, the terms and other
costs of renewal or re-letting, including the cost of required
renovations or additional amenities, increased tenant improvement
allowances, leasing commissions, declining rental rates, and other
potential concessions, may be less favorable than the terms of our
current leases or require significant capital outlays. If we are
unable to renew leases or re-let space in a reasonable time, or if
rental rates decline or tenant improvements, leasing commissions,
or other costs increase, our financial condition, operating
results, or cash flows could be adversely affected.
Our rental revenues will be significantly influenced by the
conditions of the office market in general and of the specific
markets in which we operate.
Because our portfolio consists exclusively of office properties, we
are subject to risks inherent in investments in a single property
type. This concentration exposes us to the risk of economic
downturns in the office sector to a greater extent than if our
portfolio also included other sectors of the real estate industry.
Collectively, over two-thirds of our ALR is generated from our
properties located in our Sunbelt markets as of December 31, 2022.
As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse market
conditions in these markets, including any reduction in demand for
office properties, industry slowdowns, civil unrest, natural
disasters, governmental cut backs, relocation of businesses,
business layoffs or downsizing, and changing demographics. Our
operations may also be affected if competing properties are built
in any of these markets. Adverse economic or real estate
developments in these markets, or in any of the other markets in
which we operate, or any decrease in demand for office space
resulting from the local or national government and business
climates or changing office market trends, could adversely affect
our rental revenues and operating results, and the value of our
properties.
We may be adversely affected by trends in the office real estate
industry.
Businesses have increasingly implemented remote work and flexible
work arrangements. There has also been a trend of businesses
utilizing open workspaces and “co-working” spaces. These practices
enable businesses to reduce their space requirements. These trends,
some of which could accelerate as a result of changes in work
practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, could erode demand for
commercial office space and, in turn, place downward pressure on
occupancy, rental rates and property valuations.
We depend on tenants for our revenue, and accordingly, lease
terminations or tenant defaults, particularly by one of our
significant lead tenants, could adversely affect the income
produced by our properties.
The success of our investments materially depends on the financial
stability of our tenants, any of whom may experience a change in
their business at any time. If any of our tenants, or groups of
tenants in specific industry sectors, experience or anticipate an
adverse change in their respective businesses for any reason, they
may delay lease commencements, decline to extend or renew their
leases upon expiration, fail to make rental payments when due, or
declare bankruptcy. Any of these actions could result in the
termination of the tenants’ leases, or expiration of existing
leases without renewal, and the loss of rental income attributable
to the terminated or expired leases. In the event of a tenant
default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our
rights as a landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting
our investment and re-letting our property. If any leases are
terminated or defaulted upon, we may also be unable to re-lease the
property for the rent previously received or to sell the property
without incurring a loss. In addition, significant expenditures
related to debt payments, real estate taxes, insurance, and
maintenance costs are generally fixed or may not decrease
immediately when revenues at the related property
decrease.
The occurrence of any of the situations described above,
particularly if it involves one of our significant lead tenants,
could seriously harm our operating performance. As of
December 31, 2022, our two largest tenants were: US Bancorp
(5.0% of ALR) and State of New York (4.6% of ALR). The revenues
generated by the properties that any of our lead tenants occupy are
substantially dependent upon the financial condition of these
tenants and, accordingly, any event of bankruptcy, insolvency,
or
Index to Financial Statements
a general downturn in the business of any of these tenants may
result in the failure or delay of such tenant’s rental payments,
which may have a substantial adverse effect on our operating
performance.
Some of our leases provide tenants with the right to terminate
their leases early.
Certain of our leases permit our tenants to terminate their leases
of all or a portion of the leased premises prior to their stated
lease expiration dates under certain circumstances, such as
providing notice by a certain date and, in many cases, paying a
termination fee. In certain cases, such early terminations can be
effectuated by our tenants with little or no termination fee being
paid to us. To the extent that our tenants exercise early
termination rights, our cash flow and earnings will be adversely
affected, and we can provide no assurances that we will be able to
generate an equivalent amount of net rental income by leasing the
vacated space to new tenants.
We may face additional risks and costs associated with directly
managing properties occupied by government tenants.
We currently own six
properties in which at least one of the tenants is a federal
government agency. Lease agreements with these federal government
agencies contain certain provisions required by federal law, which
require, among other things, that the lessor or the owner of the
property complies with certain rules and regulations, rules and
regulations related to anti-kickback procedures, examination of
records, audits and records, equal opportunity provisions,
prohibitions against segregated facilities, certain executive
orders, subcontractor costs or pricing data, and certain provisions
intended to assist small businesses. Through one of our
wholly-owned subsidiaries, we directly manage properties with
federal government agency tenants and, therefore, we are subject to
additional risks associated with compliance with all such federal
rules and regulations. We face additional risks and costs
associated with directly managing properties occupied by government
tenants, including an increased risk of default by such tenants
during periods in which state or federal governments are shut down
or on furlough. There are certain additional requirements relating
to the potential application of the Employment Standards
Administration’s Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs and
the related requirement to prepare written affirmative action plans
applicable to government contractors and subcontractors. Some of
the factors used to determine whether such requirements apply to a
company that is affiliated with the actual government contractor
(the legal entity that is the lessor under a lease with a federal
government agency) include whether such company and the government
contractor are under common ownership, have common management, and
are under common control. One of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is
considered a government contractor, increasing the risk that
requirements of these equal opportunity provisions, including the
requirement to prepare affirmative action plans, may be determined
to be applicable to the entire operations of our
company.
Adverse market and economic conditions may cause us to recognize
impairment charges on tangible real estate and related lease
intangible assets or otherwise impact our performance.
We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that
could indicate that the carrying value of the real estate and
related lease intangible assets in which we have an ownership
interest, either directly or through investments in joint ventures,
may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are
present which indicate that the carrying value of real estate and
related lease intangible assets may not be recoverable, we assess
the recoverability of these assets by determining whether the
carrying value will be recovered through the undiscounted future
operating cash flows expected from the use of the asset and its
eventual disposition. In the event that such expected undiscounted
future cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, we adjust the
real estate and related lease intangible assets to their estimated
fair value and recognize an impairment loss.
Projections of expected future cash flows require management to
make assumptions to estimate future market rental income amounts
subsequent to the expiration of current lease agreements, property
operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the
property, and the number of years the property is held for
investment, among other factors. The subjectivity of assumptions
used in the future cash flow analysis, including discount rates,
could result in an incorrect assessment of the property’s estimated
fair value and, therefore, could result in the misstatement of the
carrying value of our real estate and related lease intangible
assets and our net income. In addition, adverse economic conditions
could also cause us to recognize additional asset impairment
charges in the future, which could materially and adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Index to Financial Statements
Adverse market and economic conditions could cause us to recognize
impairment charges on our goodwill.
We review the value of our goodwill on an annual basis and when
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value
of goodwill may exceed the estimated fair value of such assets.
Such interim events could be adverse changes in legal matters or in
the business climate, adverse action or assessment by a regulator,
the loss of key personnel, or persistent declines in our stock
price below our carrying value. Volatility in the overall market
could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate and cause
the carrying value of our company to exceed the estimated fair
value. If that occurs, our goodwill could potentially be impaired.
Impairment charges recognized in order to reduce our goodwill could
materially and adversely affect our results of operations. In
conjunction with the performance of our goodwill impairment
assessment during the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized
an impairment charge related to our goodwill of approximately $16.0
million. See
Note
2
to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for more
information.
Our earnings growth will partially depend upon future acquisitions
of properties, and we may not be successful in identifying and
consummating suitable acquisitions that meet our investment
criteria.
Our business strategy primarily involves the acquisition of
high-quality office properties in selected markets. This strategy
requires us to identify suitable acquisition candidates or
investment opportunities that meet our criteria and are compatible
with our growth strategy. We may not be successful in identifying
suitable properties or other assets that meet our acquisition
criteria or in consummating acquisitions on satisfactory terms, if
at all. Failure to identify or consummate acquisitions could slow
our growth. Likewise, we may incur costs pursuing acquisitions that
we are ultimately unsuccessful in completing.
We also face significant competition for attractive investment
opportunities from a large number of other real estate investors,
including investors with significant capital resources such as
domestic and foreign corporations and financial institutions, other
publicly traded and privately held REITs, private institutional
investment funds, investment banking firms, life insurance
companies and pension funds. As a result of competition, we may be
unable to acquire additional properties, the purchase price may be
significantly elevated, or we may have to accept lease-up risk for
a property with lower occupancy, any of which could adversely
affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash
flows.
Future acquisitions of properties may not yield anticipated
returns, may disrupt our business, and may strain management
resources.
We intend to continue acquiring high-quality office properties,
subject to: the availability of attractive properties, our ability
to arrange financing, and our ability to consummate acquisitions on
satisfactory terms. In deciding whether to acquire a particular
property, we make certain assumptions regarding the expected future
performance of that property. However, newly acquired properties
may fail to perform as expected for a variety of reasons. For
example, costs necessary to bring acquired properties up to
standards established for their intended market position may exceed
our expectations, which may result in the properties’ failure to
achieve projected returns. To the extent that we engage in
acquisition activities, they will pose the following risks, among
others:
•we
may acquire properties or other real estate-related investments
that are not initially accretive to our results upon acquisition or
accept lower cash flows in anticipation of longer-term
appreciation, and we may not successfully manage and lease those
properties to meet our expectations;
•we
may not achieve expected cost savings and operating
efficiencies;
•we
may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new
acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of
properties, into our existing operations;
•management
attention may be diverted to the integration of acquired
properties, which in some cases may turn out to be less compatible
with our operating strategy than originally
anticipated;
•we
may not be able to support the acquired property through one of our
existing property management offices and may not successfully open
new satellite offices to serve additional markets;
•the
acquired properties may not perform as well as we anticipate due to
various factors, including changes in macro-economic conditions and
the demand for office space; and
•we
may acquire properties without any recourse, or with only limited
recourse, for liabilities, whether known or unknown, such as
clean-up of environmental contamination, unknown/undisclosed latent
structural issues or maintenance problems, claims by tenants,
vendors or others against the former owners of the properties, and
claims for indemnification by general partners, directors,
officers, and others indemnified by the former owners of the
properties.
We may acquire properties in new markets, where we may face risks
associated with investing in an unfamiliar market.
We may acquire properties located in markets in which we do not
have an established presence. We may face risks
associated
Index to Financial Statements
with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local
economy, acquiring additional properties in the new market and
achieving economies of scale, forging new business relationships in
the area and unfamiliarity with local government and permitting
procedures. As a result, the operating performance of properties
acquired in new markets may be less than we anticipate, and we may
have difficulty integrating such properties into our existing
portfolio. In addition, the time and resources that may be required
to obtain market knowledge or integrate such properties into our
existing portfolio could divert our management’s attention from our
existing business or other attractive opportunities.
The illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly
impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance
of our properties.
Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid and
large-scale office properties such as those in our portfolio are
particularly illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more
properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic,
financial, investment and other conditions is limited. The real
estate market is affected by many forces, such as general economic
conditions, availability of financing, interest rates, and other
factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control.
We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for
the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other
terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us.
We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing
purchaser and to close the sale of a property. We may be required
to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a
property can be sold. We cannot provide any assurances that we will
have funds available to correct such defects or to make such
improvements. Our inability to dispose of assets at opportune times
or on favorable terms could adversely affect our cash flows and
results of operations.
We may not be able to dispose of properties that no longer meet our
strategic plans or to timely and efficiently apply the proceeds
from any disposition of properties.
We may seek to dispose of properties that no longer meet our
strategic plans with the intent to use the proceeds generated from
such potential disposition to acquire additional properties better
aligned with our investment criteria and growth strategy, to reduce
debt, or to fund other operational needs. We may not be able to
dispose of these properties for the proceeds we expect, or at all,
and we may incur costs and divert management attention from our
ongoing operations as part of efforts to dispose of these
properties, regardless of whether such efforts are ultimately
successful. In addition, if we are able to dispose of those
properties, we may not be able to re-deploy the proceeds in a
timely or more efficient manner, if at all. As such, we may not be
able to adequately time any decrease in revenues from the sale of
properties with a corresponding increase in revenues associated
with the acquisition of new properties. The failure to dispose of
properties, or to timely and efficiently apply the proceeds from
any disposition of properties, could have an adverse effect on our
cash flows and results of operations.
Our real estate redevelopment and development strategies may not be
successful.
From time to time, we engage in various development and
re-development activities to the extent attractive projects become
available. When we engage in development activities, we are subject
to risks associated with those activities that could adversely
affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows, including:
•uncertainties
associated with zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other
governmental permits and authorizations, as well as, environmental
concerns of governmental entities or community groups;
•our
builders’ ability to build in conformity with plans,
specifications, budgeted costs and timetables;
•delays
in completing construction could give tenants the right to
terminate pre-construction leases;
•risks
associated with making progress payments or other advances to
builders before they complete construction;
•unanticipated
additional costs related to disputes with existing tenants during
redevelopment projects;
•normal
lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects;
•projects
with long lead times may increase leasing risk due to changes in
market conditions;
•development
projects in which we have invested may be abandoned and the related
investment will be impaired;
•we
may not be able to obtain land on which to develop;
•we
may not be able to obtain financing for development projects on
favorable terms (if at all);
•construction
costs of a project may exceed the original estimates or
construction may not be concluded on schedule, making the project
less profitable than originally estimated or not profitable at all
(including the possibility of errors or omissions in the project's
design, contract default, contractor or subcontractor default,
performance bond surety default, the effects of local weather
conditions, the possibility of local or national strikes and the
possibility of shortages in materials, building supplies or energy
and fuel for equipment);
•tenants
which pre-lease space or contract with us for a build-to-suit
project may default prior to occupying the project;
•upon
completion of construction, we may not be able to obtain, or obtain
on advantageous terms, permanent financing for activities that we
financed through construction loans;
Index to Financial Statements
•we
may not achieve sufficient occupancy levels and/or obtain
sufficient rents to make a completed project profitable;
and
•substantial
renovation and development activities may require a significant
amount of management’s time and attention, diverting their
attention from our other operations.
Actual or threatened public health epidemics or outbreaks such as
the recent COVID-19 pandemic, as well as governmental and private
measures taken to combat such health crises, could have a material
adverse effect on our business operations and financial
results.
Actual or threatened public health epidemics or outbreaks, and the
actions taken to combat such epidemics or outbreaks, may adversely
impact the global economy or the economic and other conditions in
the markets in which we operate. In particular, the recent COVID-19
pandemic and its associated variants adversely impacted the global
economy and the regional U.S. economies in which we operate, and
negatively impacted some of our tenants’ ability to pay their rent.
The recent COVID-19 pandemic also accelerated some company’s
adoption of remote work platforms and may result in a longer-term
decrease in the need for office space among some companies. While
some effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have begun to subside, the
rise of additional viral variants could cause a resurgence of the
pandemic and its adverse impacts in the future.
Among other effects, any restrictions put in place to combat public
health epidemics or outbreaks could cause some of our tenants to
close or operate at reduced capacity for an extended period of
time, in some cases causing such tenants to default on their
leases, or could result in technological and social changes that
reduce the long-term necessity for office space among companies
generally. Our tenants' inability to pay rent under our leases and
any declines in demand for office space could adversely affect our
own liquidity and operating results.
Future terrorist attacks, armed hostilities, or civil unrest in the
major metropolitan areas in which we own properties could
significantly impact the demand for, and value of, our
properties.
Our portfolio of properties is primarily located in the following
major metropolitan areas: Atlanta, Dallas, Washington,
D.C./Northern Virginia, Boston, Orlando, Minneapolis, and New York,
any of which could be, and some of which have been, the target of
terrorist attacks, armed hostilities, or civil unrest. Future
terrorist attacks and other acts of hostility, civil unrest, or war
could severely impact the demand for, and value of, our properties.
Terrorist attacks, other armed hostilities, or civil unrest in and
around any of the major metropolitan areas in which we own
properties also could directly impact the value of our properties
through damage, destruction, loss, or increased security costs, and
could thereafter materially impact the availability or cost of
insurance to protect against such acts. Attacks, armed conflicts,
or civil unrest could result in increased operating costs including
building security, property and casualty insurance, and property
maintenance. As a result of terrorist activities, other armed
hostilities or civil unrest, the cost of insurance coverage for our
properties could also increase. In addition, our insurance policies
may not recover all our property replacement costs and lost revenue
resulting from an attack. A decrease in demand could also make it
difficult to renew or re-lease our properties at lease rates equal
to or above historical rates. To the extent that any future
terrorist attacks, armed hostilities, or civil unrest otherwise
disrupt our tenants’ businesses, it may impair our tenants’ ability
to make timely payments under their existing leases with us, which
would harm our operating results.
We face risks related to the occurrence of cyber incidents, or a
deficiency in our cybersecurity, which could negatively impact our
business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or
corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our
business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our
financial results.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that
threatens the confidentiality, integrity, functionality, or
availability of our information resources and systems. More
specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an
unintentional event that can include gaining unauthorized access to
systems to disrupt building or corporate operations, corrupt data,
or steal confidential information. While we have not experienced
any material cyber incidents in the past, the risk of a security
breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attacks or cyber
intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and
cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity
and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around
the world have increased. As our reliance on technology has
increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal
and those we have outsourced. Risks that could directly result from
the occurrence of a cyber incident include physical harm to
occupants of our buildings, physical damage to our buildings,
actual cash loss, operational interruption, damage to our
relationship and reputation with our tenants, potential errors from
misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed
reporting deadlines, and private data exposure, among others. Any
or all of the preceding risks could have a material adverse effect
on our results of operations, financial condition and cash
flows.
Insider or employee cyber and security threats are increasingly a
concern for all companies, including ours. In addition, social
engineering and phishing are a particular concern for companies
with employees. We are continuously working to install
new
Index to Financial Statements
networks and to upgrade our existing networks, building operating
and information technology systems, and to train employees against
phishing, malware and other cyber risks to ensure that we are
protected, to the greatest extent possible, against cyber risks and
security breaches. However, such upgrades, new technology and
training may not be sufficient to protect us from all
risks.
We are continuously developing and enhancing our controls,
processes, and practices designed to protect our systems,
computers, software, data, and networks from attack, damage, or
unauthorized access. This continued development and enhancement
will require us to expend additional resources, including to
investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities
that may be detected. Although we make efforts to maintain the
security and integrity of these types of information technology
networks and related systems, and despite various measures we have
implemented to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption,
there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures
will be effective or that attempted security breaches or
disruptions would not be successful or damaging. Even the most well
protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain
potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such
attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized
until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to
not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these
techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other
preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely
mitigate this risk.
Further, one or more of our tenants could experience a cyber
incident which could impact their operations and ability to perform
under the terms of their lease with us.
Uninsured losses or losses in excess of our insurance coverage
could adversely affect our financial condition and our cash flow,
and there can be no assurance as to future costs and the scope of
coverage that may be available under insurance
policies.
We carry comprehensive general liability, fire, rental loss,
environmental, cybersecurity, and umbrella liability coverage on
all of our properties and earthquake, wind, and flood coverage on
properties in areas where such coverage is warranted. We believe
the policy specifications and insured limits of these policies are
adequate and appropriate given the relative risk of loss, the cost
of the coverage, and industry practice. However, we may be subject
to certain types of losses, those that are generally catastrophic
in nature, such as losses due to wars, conventional or cyber
terrorism, armed hostilities, chemical, biological, nuclear and
radiation (“CBNR”) acts of terrorism and, in some cases,
earthquakes, hurricanes, and flooding, either because such coverage
is not available or is not available at commercially reasonable
rates. If we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds
policy limits, we could lose a significant portion of the capital
we have invested in the damaged property, as well as the
anticipated future revenue from the property. Inflation, changes in
building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and
other factors also might make it impractical or undesirable to use
insurance proceeds to replace a property after it has been damaged
or destroyed. In addition, if the damaged properties are subject to
recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable for the
indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably damaged.
Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance
coverage at reasonable costs in the future, as the costs associated
with property and casualty renewals may be higher than
anticipated.
In addition, insurance risks associated with potential terrorist
acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage
against property and casualty claims. Under the Terrorism Risk
Insurance Act, which is currently effective through December 31,
2027, United States insurers cannot exclude conventional (non-CBNR)
terrorism losses and must make terrorism insurance available under
their property and casualty insurance policies. However, this
legislation does not regulate the pricing of such insurance. In
some cases, lenders may insist that commercial property owners
purchase coverage against terrorism as a condition of providing
financing. Such insurance policies may not be available at a
reasonable cost, which could inhibit our ability to finance or
refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to
provide other financial support, either through financial
assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not
have adequate coverage for such losses.
Should one of our insurance carriers become insolvent, we would be
adversely affected.
We carry several different lines of insurance, placed with several
large insurance carriers. If any one of these large insurance
carriers were to become insolvent, we would be forced to replace
the existing insurance coverage with another suitable carrier, and
any outstanding claims would be at risk for collection. In such an
event, we cannot be certain that we would be able to replace the
coverage at similar or otherwise favorable terms. Replacing
insurance coverage at unfavorable rates and the potential of
uncollectible claims due to carrier insolvency could adversely
impact our results of operations and cash flows.
Index to Financial Statements
Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by a lack
of sole decision-making authority and our reliance on joint venture
partners’ financial condition.
From time to time we may enter into strategic joint ventures with
institutional investors to acquire, develop, or improve properties,
thereby reducing the amount of capital required by us to make
investments and diversifying our capital sources for growth. Such
joint venture investments involve risks not otherwise present in a
wholly-owned property, development, or redevelopment project,
including the following:
•in
these investments, we may not have exclusive control over the
development, financing, leasing, management, and other aspects of
the project, which may prevent us from taking actions that are
opposed by our joint venture partners;
•joint
venture agreements often restrict the transfer of a co-venturer’s
interest or may otherwise restrict our ability to sell the interest
when we desire or on advantageous terms;
•we
may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority
regarding the property or joint venture, which could create the
potential risk of creating impasses on decisions, such as
acquisitions or sales;
•such
co-venturer may, at any time, have economic or business interests
or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our
business interests or goals;
•such
co-venturer may be in a position to take action contrary to our
instructions, requests, policies or objectives, including our
current policy with respect to maintaining our qualification as a
REIT;
•the
possibility that our co-venturer in an investment might become
bankrupt, which would mean that we and any other remaining
co-venturers would generally remain liable for the joint venture’s
liabilities;
•our
relationships with our co-venturers are contractual in nature and
may be terminated or dissolved under the terms of the applicable
joint venture agreements and, in such event, we may not continue to
own or operate the interests or assets underlying such relationship
or may need to purchase such interests or assets at a premium to
the market price to continue ownership;
•disputes
between us and our co-venturers may result in litigation or
arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our
officers and board of directors from focusing their time and
efforts on our business and could result in subjecting the
properties owned by the applicable joint venture to additional
risk; or
•we
may, in certain circumstances, be liable for the actions of our
co-venturers, and the activities of a joint venture could adversely
affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, even though we do not
control the joint venture.
Any of the above might subject a property to liabilities in excess
of those contemplated and thus reduce the returns to our
investors.
Costs of complying with governmental laws and regulations may
reduce our net income.
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are
subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating
to environmental protection and human health and safety. In
addition, under the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"), places
of public accommodation must meet certain federal requirements
related to access and use by disabled persons. Tenants’ ability to
operate and to generate income to pay their lease obligations may
be affected by permitting and compliance obligations arising under
such laws and regulations. Some of these laws and regulations may
impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners, or operators
for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties,
regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination
were legal. Noncompliance with ADA could result in the imposition
of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to
private litigants. In addition, the presence of hazardous
substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances,
may hinder our ability to sell, rent, or pledge such property as
collateral for future borrowings.
Compliance with new laws or regulations or stricter interpretation
of existing laws by agencies or the courts may require us to incur
material expenditures or may impose additional liabilities on us,
including environmental liabilities. In addition, there are various
local, state, and federal fire, health, life-safety, and similar
regulations with which we may be required to comply, and which may
subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for
noncompliance. Although we believe that our properties are
currently in material compliance with these regulatory
requirements, we have not conducted an audit or investigation of
all of our properties to determine our compliance, and we cannot
predict the ultimate cost of compliance. Any material expenditures,
liabilities, fines, or damages we must pay will reduce our net
income and cash flows.
Index to Financial Statements
As the present or former owner or operator of real property, we
could become subject to liability for environmental contamination,
regardless of whether we caused such contamination.
Under various federal, state, and local environmental laws,
ordinances, and regulations, a current or former owner or operator
of real property may be liable for the cost to remove or remediate
hazardous or toxic substances, wastes, or petroleum products on,
under, from, or in such property. These costs could be substantial
and liability under these laws may attach whether or not the owner
or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such
contamination. As a result, our tenants’ operations, the existing
condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our
properties such as the presence of underground storage tanks or
activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties.
Even if more than one party may have been responsible for the
contamination, each liable party may be held entirely responsible
for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties
may sue the owner or operator of a property for damages based on
personal injury, natural resources, or property damage and/or for
other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting
from the environmental contamination. The presence of contamination
on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a
contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the
government for costs it may incur to address the contamination, or
otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the
property or borrow using the property as collateral. In addition,
if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental
laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be
used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may
require substantial expenditures or prevent us from entering into
leases with prospective tenants.
Some of our properties are adjacent to or near other properties
that have contained or currently contain underground storage tanks
used to store petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic
substances. In addition, certain of our properties are on, adjacent
to, or near sites upon which others, including former owners or
tenants of our properties, have engaged, or may in the future
engage, in activities that have released or may have released
petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic
substances.
The cost of defending against claims of liability, of remediating
any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims
could reduce our net income and cash flows.
We could become subject to liability for adverse environmental
conditions in the buildings on our property.
Some of our properties have building materials that contain
asbestos. Environmental laws require that owners or operators of
buildings containing asbestos properly manage and maintain the
asbestos, adequately inform or train those who may come into
contact with asbestos, and undertake special precautions, including
removal or other abatement, in the event that asbestos is disturbed
during building renovation or demolition. These laws may impose
fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to
comply with these requirements. In addition, environmental laws and
the common law may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners
or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to
asbestos.
Our properties also may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer
from other air quality issues. Any of these materials or conditions
could result in liability for personal injury and costs of
remediating adverse conditions, which could have an adverse effect
on our results of operations or cash flows.
As the owner of real property, we could become subject to liability
for a tenant’s failure to comply with environmental requirements
regarding the handling and disposal of regulated substances and
wastes or for non-compliance with health and safety requirements,
which requirements are subject to change.
Some of our tenants may handle regulated substances and wastes as
part of their operations at our properties. Environmental laws
regulate the handling, use, and disposal of these materials and
subject our tenants, and potentially us, to liability resulting
from non-compliance with these requirements. The properties in our
portfolio also are subject to various federal, state, and local
health and safety requirements, such as state and local fire
requirements. If we or our tenants fail to comply with these
various requirements, we might incur governmental fines or private
damage awards. Moreover, we do not know whether or the extent to
which existing requirements or their enforcement will change or
whether future requirements will require us to make significant
unanticipated expenditures, either of which could materially and
adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations or
cash flows. If our tenants become subject to liability for
noncompliance, it could affect their ability to make rental
payments to us.
We face risks associated with the physical effects of climate
change.
The physical effects of climate change could have a material
adverse effect on our properties, operations, and business. The
majority of our portfolio of properties is located along the
Eastern coast of the United States. Our markets could experience
increases in rainfall, storm intensity, larger flood zones, water
shortages, hurricanes, changing temperature averages or extremes,
or rising sea-levels as a result of global climate change. Over
time, these conditions could result in physical damage
Index to Financial Statements
to our buildings or a decline in demand for office space in our
buildings. Climate change could also indirectly negatively impact
our business by causing increased costs associated with energy,
storm cleanup, or property and casualty or flood insurance
premiums, deductibles, claims or liabilities, or a decrease in or
unavailability of coverage, for properties in areas subject to
severe weather.
We may face risks associated with the transition to a lower-carbon
economy.
Transitioning to a lower-carbon economy may entail extensive
policy, legal, technological, and market changes to address
mitigation and adaption requirements related to climate change.
Depending on the nature, speed, and focus of these changes,
transition risks may pose varying levels of financial and
reputational risk to us or our tenants. Policy action around
climate change such as implementing carbon-pricing mechanisms to
reduce green house gas emission, shifting energy use toward lower
emission sources, adopting energy-efficiency solutions, encouraging
greater water efficiency measures, and promoting more sustainable
land-use practices can result in financial impacts to both us and
our tenants, including additional costs of auditing and reporting
such data. Alterations to third-party certifications/ratings may
impact investor or tenant demand and consequential valuation for
buildings with lower scoring. Climate related litigation claims can
result in financial and reputational damage. Technology
improvements or innovations that support the transition to a
lower-carbon, energy efficient economic system and shifts in supply
and demand for certain commodities, products, and services as
climate-related risks and opportunities are increasingly taken into
account may affect the strength and competitiveness of our tenants'
business, and ultimately their ability to meet their rental
obligations to us. Climate change has also been identified as a
potential source of reputational risk tied to changing customer or
community perceptions of an organization's contribution to or
detraction from the transition to a lower-carbon
economy.
We depend on key personnel, each of whom would be difficult to
replace.
Our continued success depends to a significant degree upon the
continued contributions of certain key personnel, each of whom
would be difficult to replace. Our ability to retain our management
team, or to attract suitable replacements should any member of the
management team leave, is dependent on the competitive nature of
the employment market. The loss of services of one or more key
members of our management team could adversely affect our results
of operations and slow our future growth. While we have planned for
the succession of each of the key members of our management team,
our succession plans may not effectively prevent any adverse
effects from the loss of any member of our management team. We have
not obtained and do not expect to obtain “key person” life
insurance on any of our key personnel.
We may be subject to litigation, which could have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition.
From time to time, we may be subject to legal action arising in the
ordinary course of our business or otherwise. Such action could
distract key personnel from management of the company and result in
additional expenses which, if uninsured, could adversely impact our
earnings and cash flows, thereby impacting our ability to service
our debt and make distributions to our stockholders. There can be
no assurance that our insurance policies will fully cover any
payments or legal costs associated with any potential legal action.
Further, the ultimate resolution of such action could impact the
availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could
adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows, expose
us to increased risks that would be uninsured, or adversely impact
our ability to attract officers and candidates for our board of
directors.
If our disclosure controls or internal controls over financial
reporting are not effective, investors could lose confidence in our
reported financial information.
The design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and
procedures and our internal control over financial reporting may
not prevent all errors, misstatements, or misrepresentations.
Although management will continue to review the effectiveness of
our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control
over financial reporting, there can be no guarantee that these
processes will be effective in accomplishing all control objectives
all of the time. Deficiencies, including any material weakness, in
our internal control over financial reporting which may occur in
the future could result in misstatements of our results of
operations, restatements of our financial statements, a decline in
the trading price of our common stock, or otherwise materially
adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations,
financial condition, or liquidity.
Index to Financial Statements
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Our organizational documents contain provisions that may have an
anti-takeover effect, which may discourage third parties from
conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control
transactions that could involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise benefit our stockholders.
Our charter and bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect
of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of our
company (including an extraordinary transaction such as a merger,
tender offer, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets)
that might provide a premium price for our common stock or
otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. These
provisions include, among other things, restrictions on the
ownership and transfer of our stock, advance notice requirements
for stockholder nominations for our board of directors and other
business proposals, and our board of directors’ power to classify
or reclassify unissued shares of common or preferred stock and
issue additional shares of common or preferred stock.
In order to preserve our REIT status, our charter limits the number
of shares a person may own, which may discourage a takeover that
could result in a premium price for our common stock or otherwise
benefit our stockholders.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of
directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to
preserve our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may
actually or constructively own more than 9.8% (by value or number
of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares
of our common stock or the outstanding shares of any class or
series of our preferred stock, which may inhibit large investors
from desiring to purchase our stock. This restriction may have the
effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control,
including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender
offer, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that
might provide a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be
in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our board of directors can take many actions without stockholder
approval.
Our board of directors has overall authority to oversee our
operations and determine our major corporate policies. This
authority includes significant flexibility. For example, our board
of directors can do the following:
•within
the limits provided in our charter, prevent the ownership,
transfer, or accumulation of stock in order to protect our status
as a REIT or for any other reason deemed to be in our best interest
and the interest of our stockholders;
•issue
additional shares of stock without obtaining stockholder approval,
which could dilute the ownership of our then-current
stockholders;
•amend
our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares
of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series
that we have authority to issue, without obtaining stockholder
approval;
•classify
or reclassify any unissued shares of our common or preferred stock
and set the preferences, rights and other terms of such classified
or reclassified shares, without obtaining stockholder
approval;
•employ
and compensate affiliates;
•direct
our resources toward investments, which ultimately may not
appreciate over time;
•change
creditworthiness standards with respect to our
tenants;
•change
our investment or borrowing policies; and
•determine
that it is no longer in our best interest to attempt to qualify, or
to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Any of these actions could increase our operating expenses, impact
our ability to make distributions, or reduce the value of our
assets without giving our stockholders the right to
vote.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue stock with
terms that may subordinate the rights of our common stockholders,
which may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner
that could result in a premium price for our common stock or
otherwise benefit our stockholders.
Our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue
authorized but unissued shares of our common or preferred stock and
amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of
shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or
series that we have authority to issue. In addition, our board of
directors may, without stockholder approval, classify or reclassify
any unissued shares of our common or preferred stock and set the
preferences, rights and other terms of such classified or
reclassified shares. Thus, our board of directors could authorize
the issuance of preferred stock with terms and conditions that
could have priority with respect to distributions and amounts
payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our
common stock. Such preferred stock also could have the effect of
delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control, including
an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer, or
sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide
a premium price for our common stock, or otherwise be in the best
interest of our stockholders.
Index to Financial Statements
Our board of directors could elect for us to be subject to certain
Maryland law limitations on changes in control that could have the
effect of preventing transactions in the best interest of our
stockholders.
Certain provisions of Maryland law may have the effect of
inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us, or
these certain provisions may also impede a change of control under
certain circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of
shares of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a
premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares,
including:
•“business
combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit
certain business combinations between us and an “interested
stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns
10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock or
any affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the
two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial
owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding
stock) or an affiliate thereof for five years after the most recent
date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder and
thereafter impose supermajority voting requirements on these
combinations; and
•“control
share” provisions that provide that “control shares” of our company
(defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares
controlled by the stockholder, except solely by virtue of a
revocable proxy, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three
increasing ranges of voting power in electing candidates for the
board of directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition”
(defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or
control of “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the
extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter, excluding all interested shares.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting any acquisition by any
person of shares of our stock from the control share acquisition
statute, and our board of directors has adopted a resolution
exempting any business combination with any person from the
business combination statute. As a result, these provisions
currently will not apply to a business combination or control share
acquisition involving our company. However, our board of directors
still has the ability to opt into the business combination
provisions and the control share provisions of Maryland law in the
future.
Our charter, our bylaws, the limited partnership agreement of our
operating partnership, and Maryland law also contain other
provisions that may delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a
change of control that might involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. In
addition, the employment agreements with certain of our executive
officers contain, and grants under our incentive plan also may
contain, change-in-control provisions that might similarly have an
anti-takeover effect, inhibit a change of our management, or
inhibit in certain circumstances tender offers for our common stock
or proxy contests to change our board.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims
against our board of directors and officers are limited, which
could reduce our recovery and our stockholders’ recovery against
them if they negligently cause us to incur losses.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability
in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good
faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best
interest and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a
like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter
eliminates our board of directors’ and officers’ liability to us
and our stockholders for money damages except for liability
resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in
money, property, or services or active and deliberate dishonesty
established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause
of action. Our charter and bylaws require us to indemnify our board
of directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by
Maryland law for any claim or liability to which they may become
subject or which they may incur by reason of their service as
members of the board of directors or officers, except to the extent
that the act or omission of the director or officer was material to
the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad
faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, the
director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit
in money, property, or services, or, in the case of any criminal
proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe
that the act or omission was unlawful. As a result, we and our
stockholders may have more limited rights against our board of
directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law,
which could reduce our and our stockholders’ recovery from these
persons if they act in a negligent manner. In addition, we may be
obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our board of
directors and officers (as well as by our employees and agents) in
some cases.
Index to Financial Statements
Risks Related to Tax Matters
Our failure to qualify as a REIT could adversely affect our
operations and our ability to make distributions.
We are owned and operated in a manner intended to qualify us as a
REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; however, we do not have
a ruling from the IRS as to our REIT status. In addition, we own
all of the common stock of a subsidiary that has elected to be
treated as a REIT, and if our subsidiary REIT were to fail to
qualify as a REIT, it is possible that we also would fail to
qualify as a REIT unless we (or the subsidiary REIT) could qualify
for certain relief provisions. Our qualification and the
qualification of our subsidiary REIT as a REIT will depend on
satisfaction, on an annual or quarterly basis, of numerous
requirements set forth in highly technical and complex provisions
of the Code for which there are only limited judicial or
administrative interpretations. A determination as to whether such
requirements are satisfied involves various factual matters and
circumstances not entirely within our control. The fact that we
hold substantially all of our assets through our operating
partnership and its subsidiaries further complicates the
application of the REIT requirements for us. No assurance can be
given that we, or our subsidiary REIT, will qualify as a REIT for
any particular year.
If we, or our subsidiary REIT, were to fail to qualify as a REIT in
any taxable year for which a REIT election has been made, the
non-qualifying REIT would not be allowed a deduction for dividends
paid to its stockholders in computing its taxable income and would
be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at
corporate rates. Moreover, unless the non-qualifying REIT were to
obtain relief under certain statutory provisions, the
non-qualifying REIT also would be disqualified from treatment as a
REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which
qualification is lost. This treatment would reduce our net earnings
available for investment or distribution to our stockholders
because of the additional tax liability to us for the years
involved. As a result of such additional tax liability, we might
need to borrow funds or liquidate certain investments on terms that
may be disadvantageous to us in order to pay the applicable
tax.
Failure of our operating partnership to be treated as a disregarded
entity or a partnership would have serious adverse consequences to
our stockholders.
If the IRS were to successfully challenge the tax status of the
operating partnership or any of its subsidiary partnerships or real
estate ventures for federal income tax purposes, the operating
partnership or the affected partnership or real estate venture
would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, we would cease to
qualify as a REIT and the imposition of a corporate tax on the
operating partnership, subsidiary partnership, or real estate
venture would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution
from the operating partnership to us and ultimately to our
stockholders.
Changes in tax laws may eliminate the benefits of REIT status,
prevent us from maintaining our qualification as a REIT, or
otherwise adversely affect our stockholders.
New legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or
court decisions could change the tax laws or interpretations of the
tax laws regarding qualification as a REIT, or the federal income
tax consequences of that qualification, in a manner that is
materially adverse to our stockholders. In particular, the Tax Cuts
and Jobs Act ("H.R. 1"), which was effective for us for tax year
2018, made many significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax
laws. A number of the changes that affected noncorporate taxpayers
will expire at the end of 2025 unless Congress acts to extend them.
These changes impacted us, our stockholders, and our tenants in
various ways and the IRS continues to issue clarifying guidance
with respect to certain of the provisions of H.R. 1, any of which
may be adverse or potentially adverse compared to prior law.
Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue to occur in
the future. Accordingly, there is no assurance that we can continue
to operate with the current benefits of our REIT status or that a
change to the tax laws will not adversely affect the taxation of
our stockholders. If there is a change in the tax laws that
prevents us from qualifying as a REIT, that eliminates REIT status
generally, or that requires REITs generally to pay corporate level
income taxes, our results of operations may be adversely affected
and we may not be able to make the same level of distributions to
our stockholders, and changes to the taxation of our stockholders
could have an adverse effect on an investment in our common stock.
Investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisor with
respect to the impact of recent legislation on ownership of shares
and the status of legislative, regulatory, or administrative
developments and proposals, and their potential effect on ownership
of shares.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may incur certain tax liabilities
that would reduce our cash flow and impair our ability to make
distributions.
Even if we maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S.
federal income taxes or state taxes, which would reduce our cash
available for distribution to our stockholders. For example, we
will be subject to federal income tax on any undistributed REIT
taxable income. Further, if we fail to distribute during each
calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary
income for such year, (b) 95% of our net capital gain income
for such year, and (c) any undistributed taxable
income
Index to Financial Statements
from prior periods, we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the
excess of the required distribution over the sum of (i) the
amounts actually distributed by us, plus (ii) retained amounts
on which we pay income tax at the corporate level. If we realize
net income from foreclosure properties that we hold primarily for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, we must pay
tax thereon at the highest corporate income tax rate, and if we
sell a property, other than foreclosure property, that we are
determined to have held for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business, any gain realized would be subject to a 100%
“prohibited transaction” tax. The term “prohibited transaction”
generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other
than foreclosing property) that is held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. The
determination as to whether or not a particular sale is a
prohibited transaction depends on the facts and circumstances
related to that sale. We cannot guarantee that sales of our
properties would not be prohibited transactions unless we comply
with certain safe-harbor provisions. The need to avoid prohibited
transactions could cause us to forgo or defer sales of properties
that might otherwise be in our best interest to sell. In addition,
we own interests in certain taxable REIT subsidiaries that are
subject to federal income taxation and we and our subsidiaries may
be subject to state and local taxes on our income or
property.
Differences between the recognition of taxable income and the
actual receipt of cash could require us to sell assets or borrow
funds on a short-term or long-term basis to meet the distribution
requirements of the Code.
We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with
the requirements of the Code for REITs and to minimize or eliminate
our corporate tax obligations; however, differences between the
recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could
require us to sell assets or borrow funds on a short-term or
long-term basis to meet the distribution requirements of the Code.
Certain types of assets generate substantial disparity between
taxable income and available cash, such as real estate that has
been financed through financing structures which require some or
all of available cash flows to be used to service borrowings. In
addition, changes made by H.R. 1 will require us to accrue certain
income for U.S. federal income tax purposes no later than when such
income is taken into account as revenue on our financial statement
(subject to an exception for certain income that is already subject
to a special method of accounting under the Code). This could cause
us to recognize taxable income prior to the receipt of the
associated cash. H.R. 1 also includes limitations on the
deductibility of certain compensation paid to our executives,
certain interest payments, and certain net operating loss
carryforwards, each of which could potentially increase our taxable
income and our required distributions. Under H.R. 1, federal net
operating losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December
31, 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely. Net operating losses
of a REIT may not be carried back to any taxable year, regardless
of whether the taxpayer qualified as a REIT in such taxable year.
In addition, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017,
H.R. 1 limits the deduction of net operating losses to 80% of
current year taxable income (determined without regard to the
deduction for dividends paid). Additionally, Section 163(j) of the
Code, as amended by H.R. 1, limits the deductibility of net
interest expense paid or accrued on debt properly allocable to a
trade or business to 30% of “adjusted taxable income,” subject to
certain exceptions, plus the taxpayer’s business interest income
for the tax year. As a result, the requirement to distribute a
substantial portion of our taxable income could cause us to:
(1) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (2) borrow
on unfavorable terms, or (3) distribute amounts that would
otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures,
or repayment of debt, in order to comply with REIT requirements.
Any such actions could increase our costs and reduce the value of
our common stock. Further, we may be required to make distributions
to our stockholders when it would be more advantageous to reinvest
cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available
for distribution. Compliance with REIT qualification requirements
may, therefore, hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis
of maximizing profits.
Distributions made by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax
rates that apply to certain other corporate
distributions.
The maximum federal income tax rate for certain dividends paid by
domestic corporations to individuals, trusts and estates is
generally 20%. Dividends paid by REITs, however, (other than
distributions we properly designate as capital gain dividends or as
qualified dividend income) are taxed at the normal income tax rate
applicable to the individual recipient (currently a maximum rate of
37%) rather than the 20% preferential rate, subject to a deduction
equal to 20% of the amount of certain “qualified REIT dividends”
(generally, dividends received by a REIT stockholder that are not
designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income)
that is available to noncorporate taxpayers through 2025, which has
the effect of reducing the maximum effective income tax rate on
qualified REIT dividends to 29.6%. The more favorable rates
applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who
are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively
less attractive than investments in non-REIT corporations that make
distributions, particularly after the scheduled expiration of the
20% deduction applicable to qualified REIT dividends on December
31, 2025.
Index to Financial Statements
A recharacterization of transactions undertaken by our operating
partnership may result in lost tax benefits or prohibited
transactions, which would diminish cash distributions to our
stockholders, or even cause us to lose REIT status.
The IRS could recharacterize transactions consummated by our
operating partnership, which could result in the income realized on
certain transactions being treated as gain realized from the sale
of property that is held as inventory or otherwise held primarily
for the sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. In
such event, the gain would constitute income from a prohibited
transaction and would be subject to a 100% tax. If this were to
occur, our ability to make cash distributions to our stockholders
would be adversely affected. Moreover, our operating partnership
may purchase properties and lease them back to the sellers of such
properties. While we will use our best efforts to structure any
such sale-leaseback transaction such that the lease will be
characterized as a “true lease,” thereby allowing us to be treated
as the owner of the property for federal income tax purposes, we
can give stockholders no assurance that the IRS will not attempt to
challenge such characterization. In the event that any such
sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and recharacterized as a
financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such
property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were
so recharacterized, the amount of our adjusted REIT taxable income
could be recalculated, which might cause us to fail to meet the
distribution requirement for a taxable year. We also might fail to
satisfy the REIT qualification asset tests or income tests and,
consequently, lose our REIT status. Even if we maintain our status
as a REIT, an increase in our adjusted REIT taxable income could
cause us to be subject to additional federal and state income and
excise taxes. Any federal or state taxes we pay will reduce our
cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We face possible adverse changes in state and local tax laws
regarding the treatment of REITs and their stockholders, which may
result in an increase in our tax liability.
From time to time, changes in state and local tax laws or
regulations are enacted, including changes to a state’s treatment
of REITs and their stockholders, which may result in an increase in
our tax liability. Any shortfall in tax revenues for states and
municipalities may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of
such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay
additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs
could adversely affect our financial condition and results of
operations and the amount of cash available for distributions to
our stockholders.
Property taxes may decrease returns on real estate.
Real property owned by us will be subject to real property taxes
and, in some instances, personal property taxes or franchise taxes.
Such real and personal property taxes and franchise taxes may
increase as property tax or franchise tax rates change and as the
properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. An
increase in property taxes on or franchise taxes related to our
real property could affect adversely our financial condition,
results of operations, cash flow and ability to make distributions
to stockholders and could decrease the value of that real
property.
Risks Associated with Debt Financing
We have incurred and are likely to continue to incur mortgage and
other indebtedness, which may increase our business
risks.
As of December 31, 2022, we had total outstanding indebtedness
of approximately $2.0 billion, including $197.0 million of mortgage
debt. Although the instruments governing our indebtedness limit our
ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are
subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions and, under
certain circumstances, debt incurred in compliance with these
restrictions could be substantial. We may incur additional
indebtedness to acquire properties or other real estate-related
investments, to fund property improvements, and other capital
expenditures or for other corporate purposes, such as to repurchase
shares of our common stock through repurchase programs that our
board of directors have authorized or to fund future distributions
to our stockholders.
Significant borrowings by us increase the risks of investors'
willingness to make an investment in us. Our ability to make
payments on our indebtedness and to fund our operations, working
capital and capital expenditures, depends on our ability to
generate cash in the future. Our cash flow is subject to general
economic, industry, financial, competitive, operating, legislative,
regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Our failure to pay amounts due with respect to any of our
indebtedness may constitute an event of default under the
instrument governing that indebtedness, which could permit the
holders of that indebtedness to require the immediate repayment of
that indebtedness in full. Moreover, any acceleration of, or
default, with respect to any of our indebtedness could, in turn,
constitute an event of default under other debt instruments or
agreements, thereby resulting in the acceleration and required
repayment of that other indebtedness.
Periodically, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our
indebtedness on or before maturity. Our ability to refinance our
indebtedness or obtain additional financing will depend on, among
other things our financial condition, results of operations and
market conditions at the time; and restrictions in the agreements
governing our indebtedness. As a result, we may not be
Index to Financial Statements
able to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable
terms, or at all. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from
operations, and additional borrowings or refinancings or proceeds
of assets sales or other sources of cash are not available to us,
we may not have sufficient cash to enable us to meet all of our
obligations. Accordingly, if we cannot service our indebtedness, we
may have to take actions such as seeking additional equity
financing, delaying capital expenditures or strategic acquisitions
and alliances. Any of these events or circumstances could have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of
operations, cash flows, the trading price of our securities and our
ability to satisfy our debt service obligations.
Rising interest rates may make it difficult for us to finance or
refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties
we can acquire, our net income, and the amount of cash
distributions we can make.
If debt financing is unavailable at reasonable rates, we may not be
able to finance the purchase of properties. If we place mortgage
debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance
the properties when the loans become due, or of being unable to
refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when we
refinance our properties, our income could be reduced. If any of
these events occur, our cash flow could be reduced. This, in turn,
could reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders
and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing more
stock or by borrowing more money.
Agreements governing our existing indebtedness contain, and future
financing arrangements will likely contain, restrictive covenants
relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
We are subject to certain restrictions pursuant to the restrictive
covenants of our outstanding indebtedness, which may affect our
distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur
additional debt. Loan documents evidencing our existing
indebtedness contain, and loan documents entered into in the future
will likely contain, certain operating covenants that limit our
ability to mortgage a property or discontinue insurance coverage.
In addition, the agreements governing our existing indebtedness
contain financial covenants, including certain coverage ratios and
limitations on our ability to incur secured and unsecured debt,
make dividend payments, sell all or substantially all of our
assets, and engage in mergers and consolidations and certain
acquisitions. Covenants under our existing indebtedness do, and
under any future indebtedness likely will, restrict our ability to
pursue certain business initiatives or certain acquisition
transactions. In addition, failure to meet any of these covenants,
including the financial coverage ratios, could cause an event of
default under or accelerate some or all of our indebtedness, which
would have a material adverse effect on us.
Increases in interest rates would cause the amount of our
variable-rate debt payments to also increase and could limit our
ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Currently, any outstanding draws on our $600 Million Unsecured 2022
Line of Credit and our variable-rate debt instruments which are not
subject to hedging under interest rate swap agreements represent
our exposure to interest rate changes. In addition, any outstanding
draws under the $600 Million Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit are
subject to Adjusted SOFR locks of various length. However,
increases in interest rates could increase our interest costs
associated with this variable rate debt to the extent our current
locks expire and new balances are drawn under the facility. Such
increases would reduce our cash flows and could impact our ability
to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, if we are
required to repay existing debt during periods of higher interest
rates, we may need to sell one or more of our investments in order
to repay the debt, which might not permit realization of the
maximum return on such investments.
Changes in interest rates could have adverse effects on our cash
flows as a result of our interest rate derivative
contracts.
We have entered into various interest rate derivative agreements to
effectively fix our exposure to interest rates under certain of our
existing debt facilities. To the extent interest rates are higher
than the fixed rate in the respective contract, we would realize
cash savings as compared to other market participants. However, to
the extent interest rates are below the fixed rate in the
respective contract, we would make higher cash payments than other
similar market participants, which would have an adverse effect on
our cash flows as compared to other market
participants.
Additionally, there is counterparty risk associated with entering
into interest rate derivative contracts. Should market conditions
lead to insolvency or make a merger necessary for one or more of
our counterparties, or potential future counterparties, it is
possible that the terms of our interest rate derivative contracts
will not be honored in their current form with a replacement
counterparty. The potential termination or renegotiation of the
terms of the interest rate derivative contracts as a result of
changing counterparties through insolvency or merger could result
in an adverse impact on our results of operations and cash
flows.
Index to Financial Statements
The replacement of LIBOR with SOFR may adversely affect our results
of operations.
The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates
LIBOR, has publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or
compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates and will cease publication
of USD LIBOR as of June 30, 2023. The Federal Reserve Board
("FRB"), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), and Office
of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") have issued supervisory
guidance encouraging banks to cease entering into new contracts
that use USD LIBOR as a reference rate. The Alternative Reference
Rates Committee, which was convened by the Federal Reserve Board
and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, has identified SOFR as
its preferred alternative for USD LIBOR.
As of December 31, 2022, our $250 Million Unsecured 2018 Term Loan
had interest rate payments determined based on LIBOR. In addition,
we currently have interest rate swaps with a notional value of $100
million that also use LIBOR as a reference rate.
Even if our financial instruments are successfully transitioned to
SOFR, the interest rate payments determined using SOFR may differ
from what such interest rate payments would have been using LIBOR,
and the interest expense associated with our $250 Million Unsecured
2018 Term Loan may increase relative to what such interest expense
would have been had LIBOR continued to have been used as the
reference rate.
Additionally, SOFR may not align with our assets, liabilities, and
hedging instruments, which could reduce the effectiveness of
certain of our interest rate hedges, and could cause increased
volatility in our earnings. We may also incur expenses to amend and
adjust our indebtedness and swaps to eliminate any differences
caused by the replacement of LIBOR with SOFR. Any of these
occurrences could materially and adversely affect our borrowing
costs, business and results of operations.
A downgrade in our credit rating could materially adversely affect
our business and financial condition.
The credit ratings assigned to our unsecured debt securities could
change based upon, among other things, our results of operations
and financial condition. If any of the credit rating agencies that
have rated our unsecured debt securities downgrades or lowers its
credit rating, or if any credit rating agency indicates that it has
placed any such rating on a so-called “watch list” for a possible
downgrading or lowering or otherwise indicates that its outlook for
that rating is negative, it could have a material adverse effect on
our costs and availability of capital, which could in turn have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of
operations, cash flows and our ability to satisfy our debt service
obligations.
General Risks
Any change in our dividend policy could have a material adverse
effect on the market price of our common stock.
Distributions are authorized and determined by our board of
directors in its sole discretion and depend upon a number of
factors, including:
•cash
available for distribution;
•our
results of operations and anticipated future results of
operations;
•our
financial condition, especially in relation to our anticipated
future capital needs of our properties;
•the
level of reserves we establish for future capital
expenditures;
•the
distribution requirements for REITs under the Code;
•the
level of distributions paid by comparable listed
REITs;
•our
operating expenses; and
•other
factors our board of directors deems relevant.
We expect to continue to pay quarterly distributions to our
stockholders; however, we bear all expenses incurred by our
operations, and our funds generated by operations, after deducting
these expenses, may not be sufficient to cover desired levels of
distributions to our stockholders. Any change in our dividend
policy could have a material adverse effect on the market price of
our common stock.
There are significant price and volume fluctuations in the public
markets, including on the exchange which we listed our common
stock.
The U.S. stock markets, including the NYSE on which our common
stock is listed, have historically experienced significant price
and volume fluctuations. The market price of our common stock may
be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations and
investors in our common stock may experience a decrease in the
value of their shares, including decreases unrelated to our
operating performance or prospects. If the market price of our
common stock declines significantly,
Index to Financial Statements
stockholders may be unable to resell their shares at or above their
purchase price. We cannot assure stockholders that the market price
of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in
the future. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our
stock price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading
volume of our common stock include, but are not limited to, the
following:
•changes
in the perceived demand for office space;
•actual
or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating
results;
•changes
in our earnings estimates or publication of research reports about
us or the real estate industry, although no assurance can be given
that any research reports about us will be published or the
accuracy of such reports;
•changes
in our dividend policy;
•future
sales of substantial amounts of our common stock by our existing or
future stockholders;
•increases
in market interest rates, which may lead purchasers of our stock to
demand a higher yield;
•changes
in market valuations of similar companies;
•adverse
market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur in the
future;
•additions
or departures of key personnel;
•actions
by institutional stockholders;
•material,
adverse litigation judgments;
•speculation
in the press or investment community;
•general
market and economic conditions; and
•the
realization of any of the other risk factors described in this
report.
Future offerings of debt securities, which would be senior to our
common stock upon liquidation, or equity securities, which would
dilute our existing stockholders and may be senior to our common
stock for the purposes of distributions, may adversely affect the
market price of our common stock.
We may attempt to increase our capital resources by making
additional offerings of debt or equity securities, including medium
term notes, senior or subordinated notes and classes of preferred
or common stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities
and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other
borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets
prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity
offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or
reduce the market price of our common stock or both. Because our
decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on
market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot
predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future
offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future
offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and
diluting their proportionate ownership.
Market interest rates may have an effect on the value of our common
stock.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether
to buy or sell our common stock is our dividend distribution rate
as a percentage of our share price, relative to market interest
rates. If market interest rates continue to increase, prospective
investors may desire a higher yield on our common stock or seek
securities paying higher dividends or yields. It is likely that the
public valuation of our common stock will be based primarily on our
earnings and cash flows and not from the underlying appraised value
of the properties themselves. As a result, interest rate
fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market
value of our common stock. For instance, if interest rates continue
to rise, it is possible that the market price of our common stock
will decrease, because potential investors may require a higher
dividend yield on our common stock as market rates on
interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise.
If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our
business or if they downgrade our common stock or our sector, the
price of our common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the
research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish
about us or our business. We do not control these analysts.
Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us
downgrades our shares or our industry, or the stock of any of our
competitors, the price of our shares could decline. If one or more
of these analysts ceases coverage of our company, we could lose
attention in the market, which in turn could cause the price of our
common stock to decline.
Index to Financial Statements
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF
COMMENTS
There were no unresolved SEC staff comments as of December 31,
2022.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Overview
As of December 31, 2022, we owned interests in 51 in-service
office properties, with over two-thirds of our ALR
generated from our properties located primarily in major U.S.
Sunbelt markets.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our in-service portfolio was
86.7% and 85.5% leased, respectively, with an average lease term
remaining as of each period end of approximately
six years
and an average lease
size of 15,000 square feet. No tenant accounts for more than 5% of
our ALR.
ALR related to our in-service portfolio was $555.3 million, or
$38.46 per leased square foot, as of December 31, 2022 as
compared with $536.8 million, or $36.81 per leased square foot, as
of December 31, 2021. These rental rates are presented before
consideration of the fact that several of our largest tenants
self-perform various aspects of their building management;
therefore, we do not count those expenses in our gross rent
calculations. If the costs of these functions are added to these
leases, our average gross rent for our in-service portfolio as of
December 31, 2022, increases to approximately $38.86 per
leased square foot.
Property Statistics
The following table shows the geographic diversification of our
in-service portfolio as of December 31, 2022:
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Location |
|
Annualized
Lease Revenue
(in thousands) |
|
Rentable Square
Feet
(in thousands) |
|
|
Percentage of
Annualized
Lease Revenue (%) |
|
Percent Leased (%) |
Atlanta |
|
$ |
150,082 |
|
|
4,717 |
|
|
|
27.0 |
|
|
85.4 |
|
Dallas |
|
105,775 |
|
|
3,524 |
|
|
|
19.1 |
|
|
82.0 |
|
Washington, D.C./Northern Virginia |
|
67,353 |
|
|
1,620 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
|
79.4 |
|
Minneapolis |
|
66,378 |
|
|
2,104 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
92.1 |
|
Orlando |
|
57,756 |
|
|
1,764 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
|
95.3 |
|
New York |
|
47,132 |
|
|
1,045 |
|
|
|
8.5 |
|
|
86.4 |
|
Boston |
|
41,684 |
|
|
1,270 |
|
|
|
7.5 |
|
|
90.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
(1)
|
|
19,132 |
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
91.2 |
|
|
|
$ |
555,292 |
|
|
16,658 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
86.7 |
|
(1)Includes
1430 Enclave Parkway and Enclave Place in Houston,
Texas.
Index to Financial Statements
The following table shows lease expirations of our in-service
office portfolio as of December 31, 2022 during each of the
next twelve years and thereafter, assuming no exercise of renewal
options or termination rights:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year of Lease Expiration |
|
Annualized
Lease Revenue
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
Percentage of
Annualized
Lease Revenue (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023 |
|
40,507 |
|
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
2024 |
|
70,434 |
|
|
|
|
12.7 |
|
2025 |
|
66,082 |
|
|
|
|
11.9 |
|
2026 |
|
59,821 |
|
|
|
|
10.8 |
|
2027 |
|
54,486 |
|
|
|
|
9.8 |
|
2028 |
|
66,743 |
|
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
2029 |
|
39,186 |
|
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
2030 |
|
24,224 |
|
|
|
|
4.4 |
|
2031 |
|
23,070 |
|
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
2032 |
|
22,391 |
|
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
2033 |
|
10,347 |
|
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
2034 |
|
15,581 |
|
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
Thereafter |
|
62,420 |
|
|
|
|
11.2 |
|
|
|
$ |
555,292 |
|
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
Certain Restrictions Related to our Properties
As of December 31, 2022, only 1180 Peachtree Street in
Atlanta, Georgia was held as collateral for debt, and there were no
properties subject to underlying ground leases. Refer to
Schedule
III
listed in the index of Item 15(a) of this report, for further
details regarding our properties as of December 31,
2022.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Piedmont is not subject to any material pending legal proceedings.
However, we are subject to routine litigation arising in the
ordinary course of owning and operating real estate assets. Our
management expects that these ordinary routine legal proceedings
will be covered by insurance and does not expect these legal
proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition, results of operations, or liquidity. Additionally,
management is not aware of any legal proceedings contemplated by
governmental authorities.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY
DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Index to Financial Statements
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON
EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
Market Information and Holders
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol “PDM.” As of February 22, 2023, there were 7,771 common
stockholders of record of our common stock.
Distributions
We intend to make distributions each taxable year equal to at least
90% of our REIT taxable income (not including a return of capital
for federal income tax purposes). One of our primary goals is to
pay regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. The amount
of distributions paid and the taxable portion thereof in prior
periods are not necessarily indicative of amounts anticipated in
future periods.
The amount of distributions to common stockholders is determined by
our board of directors and is dependent upon a number of factors,
including funds deemed available for distribution, based
principally on our current and future projected operating cash
flows reduced by capital requirements necessary to maintain our
existing portfolio, our future capital needs, our future sources of
liquidity, and the annual distribution requirements necessary to
maintain our status as a REIT under the Code. Our board of
directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.21 per common share
for each of the four quarters in the year ended December 31,
2022.
Index to Financial Statements
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return of
Piedmont’s common stock with the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index,
the FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index, and the S&P 500 Index for
the period beginning on December 31, 2017 through
December 31, 2022. The graph assumes a $100 investment in each
of Piedmont and the three indices, and the reinvestment of any
dividends.
Comparison of Cumulative Total Return of One or More Companies,
Peer Groups, Industry Indices, and/or Broad Markets
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|
As of the year ended December 31, |
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. |
$ |
100.00 |
|
$ |
90.90 |
|
$ |
123.55 |
|
$ |
94.55 |
|
$ |
112.15 |
|
$ |
59.72 |
|
FTSE NAREIT Equity Office |
$ |
100.00 |
|
$ |
85.50 |
|
$ |
112.36 |
|
$ |
91.65 |
|
$ |
111.81 |
|
$ |
69.75 |
|
FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs |
$ |
100.00 |
|
$ |
95.38 |
|
$ |
120.17 |
|
$ |
110.56 |
|
$ |
158.36 |
|
$ |
119.78 |
|
S&P 500 |
$ |
100.00 |
|
$ |
95.62 |
|
$ |
125.72 |
|
$ |
148.85 |
|
$ |
191.58 |
|
$ |
156.89 |
|
The performance graph above is being furnished as part of this
Annual Report solely in accordance with the requirement under Rule
14a-3(b)(9) to furnish Piedmont’s stockholders with such
information and, therefore, is not deemed to be filed with the SEC
or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and should
not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our prior
or subsequent filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
Index to Financial Statements
Purchases of Equity Securities By the Issuer and Affiliated
Purchasers
(a) There were no unregistered sales of
equity securities during the fourth quarter of 2022.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) There were no repurchases of shares of
our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2022. As of
December 31, 2022 approximately
$150.5 million remains available under our board-authorized stock
repurchase program to make share repurchases through February 2024,
at the discretion of management.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
Index to Financial Statements
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction
with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes
thereto as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and for the years
ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, included elsewhere in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also “Cautionary
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”
preceding Part I of this report and “Risk
Factors"
set forth in Item 1A. of this report.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We intend to use cash on hand, cash flows generated from the
operation of our properties, net proceeds from the disposition of
select properties, and borrowings under our $600 Million Unsecured
2022 Line of Credit as our primary sources of immediate liquidity.
In addition, on January 31, 2023, we entered into a new $215
million, floating-rate, unsecured term loan facility, the proceeds
from which we intend to use to repay the majority of our $350
Million Unsecured Senior Notes that mature on June 1, 2023. The
remaining balance of the $350 Million Unsecured Senior Notes due
2023 will be repaid from a combination of cash on hand, proceeds
from select property dispositions and/or borrowings under our $600
Million Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit. When necessary, we may seek
other new secured or unsecured borrowings from third party lenders
or issue other debt or equity securities as additional sources of
capital. The nature and timing of these additional sources of
capital will be highly dependent on market conditions. As of
December 31, 2022, we had the full $600 million of capacity
available under our $600 Million Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit, and
we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our
obligations for the foreseeable future.
Our most consistent use of capital has historically been, and we
believe will continue to be, to fund capital expenditures for our
existing portfolio of properties. During the years ended
December 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred the following types of
capital expenditures (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2022 |
|
December 31, 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures for redevelopment/renovations |
$ |
57,788 |
|
|
$ |
53,790 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other capital expenditures, including building and tenant
improvements |
63,571 |
|
|
68,836 |
|
Total capital expenditures
(1)
|
$ |
121,359 |
|
|
$ |
122,626 |
|
(1)Of
the total amounts paid, approximately $7.2 million and $6.3 million
related to soft costs such as capitalized interest, payroll, and
other general and administrative expenses for the year ended
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
"Capital expenditures for redevelopment/renovations" during the
years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 primarily related to
building upgrades, primarily to the lobbies and the addition of
tenant amenities at our 60 Broad Street building in New York City;
our Galleria Tower buildings in Dallas, Texas; as well as our
Galleria buildings and 999 Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia,
among others.
"Other capital expenditures, including building and tenant
improvements" include all other capital expenditures during the
respective period and are typically comprised of tenant and
building improvements necessary to lease, maintain, or provide
enhancements, including energy efficient equipment to our existing
portfolio of office properties. We currently do not anticipate
incurring any unusually large or material capital expenditures
within any given year in order to meet recognized sustainable
development standards, and achieve our environmental impact
goals.
Given that our operating model frequently results in leases for
multiple blocks of space to credit-worthy tenants, our leasing
success can result in capital outlays which vary from one reporting
period to another based upon the specific leases executed. For
example, for leases executed during the year ended
December 31, 2022, we committed to spend approximately $5.34
per square foot per year of lease term for tenant improvement
allowances and lease commissions (net of expired lease commitments)
as compared to $4.25 (net of expired lease commitments) for the
year ended December 31, 2021. Commitments per square foot per
year of lease term for tenant improvement allowances and lease
commissions for the year ended December 31, 2021 were unusually low
as they reflected the 330,000 square foot, five-year extension of
the New York City lease at our 60 Broad Street asset, which did not
include a tenant improvement allowance.
In addition to the amounts that we have already committed to as a
part of executed leases, we also anticipate continuing to incur
similar market-based tenant improvement allowances and leasing
commissions in conjunction with procuring future leases for our
existing portfolio of properties. Both the timing and magnitude of
expenditures related to future leasing activity can
vary
Index to Financial Statements
due to a number of factors and are highly dependent on the size of
the leased square footage and the competitive market conditions of
the particular office market at the time a lease is being
negotiated.
There are other uses of capital that may arise as part of our
typical operations. Subject to the identification and availability
of attractive investment opportunities and our ability to
consummate such acquisitions on satisfactory terms, acquiring new
assets consistent with our investment strategy could also be a
significant use of capital. We may also use capital resources to
repurchase additional shares of our common stock under our stock
repurchase program when we believe such purposes would be a prudent
use of capital. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately
$150.5 million of board-authorized share repurchase capacity under
the program which may be used for share repurchases through
February 2024. Finally, other than our $350 Million Unsecured
Senior Notes due 2023 discussed above, we have no other debt
maturing until 2024; however, we may use capital to repay debt
obligations when we deem it prudent to refinance various
obligations.
We may also use capital resources to pay dividends to our
stockholders. The amount and form of payment (cash or stock
issuance) of future dividends to be paid to our stockholders will
continue to be largely dependent upon (i) the amount of cash
generated from our operating activities; (ii) our expectations of
future cash flows; (iii) our determination of near-term cash needs
for debt repayments, development projects, and selective
acquisitions of new properties; (iv) the timing of significant
expenditures for tenant improvements, leasing commissions, building
redevelopment projects, and general property capital improvements;
(v) long-term dividend payout ratios for comparable companies; (vi)
our ability to continue to access additional sources of capital,
including potential sales of our properties; and (vii) the amount
required to be distributed to maintain our status as a REIT. With
the fluctuating nature of cash flows and expenditures, we may
periodically borrow funds on a short-term basis to cover timing
differences in cash receipts and cash disbursements.
Index to Financial Statements
Results of Operations (2022 vs. 2021)
Overview
Piedmont recognized net income applicable to common stockholders
for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $146.8 million, or
$1.19 per diluted share, as compared with net loss applicable to
common stockholders of $1.2 million, or $0.01 per diluted share,
for the year ended December 31, 2021. The year ended
December 31, 2022 included approximately $151.7 million of
gain on the sales of real estate assets as well as increased
revenues due to rental rate increases across the portfolio, offset
by $26.0 million in non-cash impairment charges related to
reductions in our carrying value of goodwill and one real estate
asset. The year ended December 31, 2021 included a $41.0 million
non-cash impairment charge related to the subsequent sale of our
last remaining Chicago asset (see
Note
7
to our accompanying consolidated financial
statements).
Comparison of the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 vs. the year
ended December 31, 2021.
The following table sets forth selected data from our consolidated
statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022
and 2021, respectively, as well as each balance as a percentage of
total revenues for the years presented (dollars in
millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2022 |
|
% of Revenues |
|
December 31, 2021 |
|
% of Revenues |
|
Variance |
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental and tenant reimbursement revenue |
$ |
545.7 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
514.6 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
31.1 |
|
Property management fee revenue |
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
(0.8) |
|
Other property related income |
16.4 |
|
|
|
|
11.6 |
|
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
Total revenues |
563.8 |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
528.7 |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
35.1 |
|
Expense: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property operating costs |
226.1 |
|
|
40 |
% |
|
210.9 |
|
|
40 |
% |
|
15.2 |
|
Depreciation |
133.6 |
|
|
24 |
% |
|
120.6 |
|
|
23 |
% |
|
13.0 |
|
Amortization |
90.9 |
|
|
16 |
% |
|
86.0 |
|
|
16 |
% |
|
4.9 |
|
Impairment losses |
26.0 |
|
|
4 |
% |
|
41.0 |
|
|
8 |
% |
|
(15.0) |
|
General and administrative |
29.1 |
|
|
5 |
% |
|
30.3 |
|
|
5 |
% |
|
(1.2) |
|
|
505.7 |
|
|
|
|
488.8 |
|
|
|
|
16.9 |
|
Other income (expense): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense |
(65.7) |
|
|
12 |
% |
|
(51.3) |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
(14.4) |
|
Other income |
2.7 |
|
|
— |
% |
|
10.2 |
|
|
2 |
% |
|
(7.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on sale of real estate assets |
151.7 |
|
|
27 |
% |
|
— |
|
|
— |
% |
|
151.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) |
$ |
146.8 |
|
|
26 |
% |
|
$ |
(1.2) |
|
|
— |
% |
|
$ |
148.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
Rental and tenant reimbursement revenue increased approximately
$31.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared
to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to capital
recycling activity subsequent to January 1, 2021, rental rate
increases associated with recent leasing activity across the
portfolio, and higher tenant reimbursements as a result of higher
recoverable operating expenses as compared to the prior
year.
Property management fee revenue decreased approximately $0.8
million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to
the prior year. Such fees fluctuate from period to period due to
the variability of construction activity as well as the
commencement or termination of property management agreements we
may enter into with unrelated third-party owners. During the year
ended December 31, 2022, one multi-year property management
agreement with a third-party terminated in Chicago,
Illinois.
Other property related income increased approximately $4.8 million
for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior
year primarily due to higher transient parking at our buildings
during the current year, as compared to the prior year, and
additional parking revenue associated with properties acquired
subsequent to January 1, 2021.
Index to Financial Statements
Expense
Property operating costs increased approximately $15.2 million for
the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior
year. The variance was primarily due to higher recoverable
operating expenses such as janitorial, security, and utilities
resulting from higher tenant utilization during the current period,
and capital recycling activity subsequent to January 1,
2021.
Depreciation expense increased approximately $13.0 million for the
year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year. The
increase was primarily due to additional building and tenant
improvements acquired and/or placed in service subsequent to
January 1, 2021.
Amortization expense increased approximately $4.9 million for the
year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year. The
increase was primarily due to additional amortization associated
with property acquisitions subsequent to January 1, 2021, partially
offset by certain lease intangible assets at our existing
properties becoming fully amortized during the same
period.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized a
non-cash impairment loss on real estate assets of
approximately $10.0 million related to a change in hold period
assumptions for one of our Minneapolis properties. See
Note
7
to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for
additional details. Also, during the year ended December 31,
2022, due to the decline of the stock market and our stock price,
we recognized a non-cash impairment loss related to goodwill of
approximately $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
See
Note
2
to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further
details. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized a
non-cash impairment loss on real estate assets of approximately
$41.0 million related to a change in hold period assumptions for
our last remaining Chicago asset, which was subsequently sold
during the year ended December 31, 2022.
General and administrative expenses decreased approximately $1.2
million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to
the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily reflecting decreased
accruals for potential performance-based compensation, partially
offset by approximately $2.2 million in severance costs related to
a reorganization of management during the fourth quarter of
2022.
Other Income (Expense)
Interest expense increased approximately $14.4 million for the year
ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year
primarily driven by a higher average debt balance outstanding
during the current year as a result of the purchase of the 1180
Peachtree Street building, as well as increased interest rates on
our variable rate debt. This increase was partially offset by a
$0.5 million increase in capitalized interest associated with
various redevelopment projects in progress during the year ended
December 31, 2022.
Other income decreased approximately $7.5 million for the year
ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year due to
the payoff of notes receivable due from the purchaser of our New
Jersey Portfolio in March of 2022.
Gain on sale of real estate assets during the year ended
December 31, 2022 includes $49.2 million of gain recognized on
the sale of the 225 & 235 Presidential Way buildings, which
closed in January of 2022, as well as $102.6 million of gain
recognized on the sale of the 1414 Massachusetts Avenue building
and the One Brattle Square building in December of
2022.
Results of Operations (2021 vs. 2020)
Please refer to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of
Operations (2021 vs. 2020)" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February
17, 2022, for a discussion of the results of operations for the
year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December
31, 2020.
.
Index to Financial Statements
Issuer and Guarantor Financial Information
Piedmont, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Piedmont OP (the
"Issuer"), has issued senior unsecured notes payable of $350
million that mature in 2023, $400 million that mature in 2024, and
two separate issuances of $300 million, that mature in 2030 and
2032 respectively, (collectively, the "Notes").
The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of Piedmont OP, rank
equally in right of payment with all of Piedmont OP's other
existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness, and would be
effectively subordinated in right of payment to any of Piedmont
OP’s future mortgage or other secured indebtedness (to the extent
of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness) and to
all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of
Piedmont OP’s subsidiaries, whether secured or
unsecured.
The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Piedmont
Office Realty Trust, Inc. (the "Guarantor"), the parent entity that
consolidates Piedmont OP and all other subsidiaries. In particular,
the Guarantor guarantees to each holder of the Notes that the
principal and interest on the Notes will be paid in full when due,
whether at the maturity dates of the respective loans, or upon
acceleration, upon redemption, or otherwise; interest on overdue
principal and interest on any overdue interest, if any, on the
Notes will also be paid in full when due; and all other obligations
of the Issuer to the holders of the Notes will be promptly paid in
full. The Guarantor's guarantee of the Notes is its senior
unsecured obligation and ranks equally in right of payment with all
of the Guarantor's other existing and future senior unsecured
indebtedness and guarantees. The Guarantor’s guarantee of the Notes
is effectively subordinated in right of payment to any future
mortgage or other secured indebtedness or secured guarantees of the
Guarantor (to the extent of the value of the collateral securing
such indebtedness and guarantees); and all existing and future
indebtedness and other liabilities, whether secured or unsecured,
of the Guarantor’s subsidiaries.
In the event of the bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or
other winding up of Piedmont OP or the Guarantor, assets that
secure any of their respective secured indebtedness and other
secured obligations will be available to pay their respective
obligations under the Notes or the guarantee, as applicable, and
their other respective unsecured indebtedness and other unsecured
obligations only after all of their respective indebtedness and
other obligations secured by those assets have been repaid in
full.
All non-Guarantor subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal
entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay
any amounts due pursuant to the Notes, or to make any funds
available therefore, whether by dividends, loans, distributions or
other payments.
Pursuant to Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X,
Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being
Registered,
the following tables present summarized financial information for
Piedmont OP as Issuer and Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. as
Guarantor on a combined basis after elimination of (i) intercompany
transactions and balances among the Issuer and the Guarantor and
(ii) equity in earnings from and investments in any subsidiary that
is a non-Guarantor (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Combined Balances of Piedmont OP and Piedmont Office Realty Trust,
Inc. as Issuer and Guarantor, respectively |
As of
December 31, 2022
|
|
As of
December 31, 2021
|
|
|
|
|
Due from non-guarantor subsidiary |
$ |
900 |
|
|
$ |
900 |
|
Total assets |
$ |
325,884 |
|
|
$ |
352,788 |
|
Total liabilities |
$ |
1,845,551 |
|
|
$ |
1,945,846 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
|
Total revenues |
|
|
$ |
52,800 |
|
Net loss |
|
|
$ |
(16,149) |
|
Net Operating Income by Geographic Segment
Our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), who is our President
and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates our portfolio and assesses
the ongoing operations and performance of our properties utilizing
the following geographic segments: Atlanta, Dallas, Washington,
D.C./Northern Virginia, Boston, Orlando, Minneapolis, and New York.
These operating segments are also Piedmont’s reportable segments.
Additionally, as of December 31, 2022, Piedmont owned two
properties in Houston that did not meet the definition of an
operating or reportable segment as the CODM does not regularly
review these properties for purposes of allocating resources or
assessing performance, and Piedmont does not maintain a significant
presence or anticipate
Index to Financial Statements
further investment in these markets. These two properties are
included in "Other" below. See
Note
16
to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for
additional information and a reconciliation of Net income/(loss)
applicable to Piedmont to Net Operating Income
("NOI").
The following table presents accrual-basis NOI by geographic
segment (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31, |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Atlanta |
$ |
82,878 |
|
|
$ |
62,772 |
|
Dallas |
62,444 |
|
|
66,155 |
|
Washington, D.C./Northern Virginia |
39,994 |
|
|
36,914 |
|
Boston |
39,101 |
|
|
45,587 |
|
Orlando |
35,327 |
|
|
33,449 |
|
Minneapolis |
31,886 |
|
|
32,538 |
|
New York |
31,252 |
|
|
30,049 |
|
Total reportable segments |
322,882 |
|
|
307,464 |
|
Other |
14,685 |
|
|
10,163 |
|
Total NOI |
$ |
337,567 |
|
|
$ |
317,627 |
|
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Versus the Year
Ended December 31, 2021
Atlanta
NOI increased primarily due to the acquisition of 999 Peachtree
Street during the fourth quarter of 2021 and 1180 Peachtree Street
during the third quarter of 2022.
Dallas
NOI decreased primarily due to a contraction by a tenant at 750
West John Carpenter Freeway, as well as an expiration of a lease at
One Galleria Tower during 2021.
Washington, D.C./Northern Virginia
NOI increased due to the commencement of certain leases, primarily
at 400 Virginia Avenue and 3100 Clarendon Boulevard.
Boston
NOI decreased primarily due to the disposition of 225 and 235
Presidential Way in January 2022.
Other
NOI increased primarily due to the expiration of rental and
operating expense abatements associated with the Transocean lease
at our Enclave Place building in Houston, Texas during the second
quarter of 2021.
Index to Financial Statements
Funds From Operations ("FFO"), Core Funds From Operations ("Core
FFO"), and Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”)
Net income/(loss) calculated in accordance with GAAP is the
starting point for calculating FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO. These
metrics are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be viewed as
an alternative measurement of our operating performance to net
income/(loss). Management believes that accounting for real estate
assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of
real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real
estate values have historically risen or fallen with market
conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered
the presentation of operating results for real estate companies
that use historical cost accounting alone to be insufficient. As a
result, we believe that the additive use of FFO, Core FFO, and
AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentation, provides a more
complete understanding of our performance relative to our
competitors and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to
make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing
activities.
We calculate FFO in accordance with the current National
Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT") definition.
NAREIT currently defines FFO as Net income/(loss) (calculated in
accordance with GAAP), excluding depreciation and amortization
related to real estate, gains and losses from the sale of certain
real estate assets, gains and losses from change in control, and
impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investment
in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to
decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the
entity, along with appropriate adjustments to those reconciling
items for joint ventures, if any. Other REITs may not define FFO in
accordance with the NAREIT definition, or may interpret the current
NAREIT definition differently than we do; therefore, our
computation of FFO may not be comparable to the computation made by
other REITs.
We calculate Core FFO by starting with FFO, as defined by NAREIT,
and adjusting for gains or losses on the extinguishment of swaps
and/or debt and any significant non-recurring or infrequent items.
Core FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be viewed
as an alternative to net income/(loss) calculated in accordance
with GAAP as a measurement of our operating performance. We believe
that Core FFO is helpful to investors as a supplemental performance
measure because it excludes the effects of certain infrequent or
non-recurring items which can create significant earnings
volatility, but which do not directly relate to our core recurring
business operations. As a result, we believe that Core FFO can help
facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and
provides a more meaningful predictor of future earnings potential.
Other REITs may not define Core FFO in the same manner as us;
therefore, our computation of Core FFO may not be comparable to the
computation made by other REITs.
We calculate AFFO by starting with Core FFO and adjusting for
non-incremental capital expenditures and then adding back non-cash
items including: non-real estate depreciation, straight-lined rents
and fair value lease adjustments, non-cash components of interest
expense and compensation expense, and by making similar adjustments
for joint ventures, if any. AFFO is a non-GAAP financial measure
and should not be viewed as an alternative to net income/(loss)
calculated in accordance with GAAP as a measurement of our
operating performance. We believe that AFFO is helpful to investors
as a meaningful supplemental comparative performance measure of our
ability to make incremental capital investments in new properties
or enhancements to existing properties that improve revenue growth
potential. Other REITs may not define AFFO in the same manner as
us; therefore, our computation of AFFO may not be comparable to the
computation of other REITs.
Index to Financial Statements
Reconciliations of net income/(loss) to FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO for
the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020,
respectively, are presented below (in thousands except per share
amounts):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
Per
Share
(1)
|
|
2021 |
|
Per
Share(1)
|
|
2020 |
|
Per
Share(1)
|
GAAP net income/(loss) applicable to common stock |
$ |
146,830 |
|
|
$ |
1.19 |
|
|
$ |
(1,153) |
|
|
$ |
(0.01) |
|
|
$ |
232,688 |
|
|
$ |
1.85 |
|
Depreciation of real assets
|
132,849 |
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
119,629 |
|
|
0.96 |
|
|
109,326 |
|
|
0.86 |
|
Amortization of lease-related costs
|
90,891 |
|
|
0.74 |
|
|
85,946 |
|
|
0.69 |
|
|
93,242 |
|
|
0.74 |
|
Impairment losses
|
25,981 |
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
41,000 |
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on sale of real estate assets
|
(151,729) |
|
|
(1.23) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(205,666) |
|
|
(1.63) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAREIT Funds From Operations applicable to common
stock
|
$ |
244,822 |
|
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
|
$ |
245,422 |
|
|
$ |
1.97 |
|
|
$ |
229,590 |
|
|
$ |
1.82 |
|
Adjustments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance costs associated with fourth quarter 2022 management
reorganization |
2,248 |
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on extinguishment of debt
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,336 |
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Funds From Operations applicable to common stock
|
$ |
247,070 |
|
|
$ |
2.00 |
|
|
$ |
245,422 |
|
|
$ |
1.97 |
|
|
$ |
238,926 |
|
|
$ |
1.89 |
|
Adjustments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of debt issuance costs, fair market adjustments on
notes payable, and discounts on debt
|
3,389 |
|
|
|
|
2,857 |
|
|
|
|
2,833 |
|
|
|
Depreciation of non real estate assets
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
949 |
|
|
|
|
1,216 |
|
|
|
Straight-line effects of lease revenue
|
(11,230) |
|
|
|
|
(10,566) |
|
|
|
|
(22,601) |
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation adjustments
|
4,833 |
|
|
|
|
7,924 |
|
|
|
|
7,014 |
|
|
|
Amortization of lease-related intangibles
|
(13,426) |
|
|
|
|
(11,290) |
|
|
|
|
(12,284) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-incremental capital expenditures (2)
|
(53,324) |
|
|
|
|
(75,162) |
|
|
|
|
(77,682) |
|
|
|
Adjusted Funds From Operations applicable to common
stock
|
$ |
178,040 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
160,134 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
137,422 |
|
|
|
Weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted |
123,524 |
|
|
|
|
124,455 |
|
|
(3)
|
|
126,104 |
|
|
|
(1)Based
on weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted.
(2)We
define non-incremental capital expenditures as capital expenditures
of a recurring nature related to tenant improvements, leasing
commissions, and building capital that do not incrementally enhance
the underlying assets' income generating capacity. Tenant
improvements, leasing commissions, building capital and deferred
lease incentives incurred to lease space that was vacant at
acquisition, leasing costs for spaces vacant for greater than one
year, leasing costs for spaces at newly acquired properties for
which in-place leases expire shortly after acquisition,
improvements associated with the expansion of a building, and
renovations that either enhance the rental rates of a building or
change the property's underlying classification, such as from a
Class B to a Class A property, are excluded from this
measure.
(3)Includes
potential dilution under the treasury stock method that would occur
if our remaining unvested and potential stock awards vested and
resulted in additional common shares outstanding. Such shares are
not included when calculating net loss per diluted share applicable
to Piedmont for the year ended December 31, 2021 as they would
reduce the loss per share presented.
Index to Financial Statements
Property and Same Store Net Operating Income
Property Net Operating Income ("Property NOI") is a non-GAAP
measure which we use to assess our operating results. We calculate
Property NOI beginning with Net income/(loss) (calculated in
accordance with GAAP) before adjusting for interest, depreciation
and amortization and removing any impairments and gains or losses
from sales of property and other significant infrequent items that
create volatility within our earnings and make it difficult to
determine the earnings generated by our core ongoing business.
Furthermore, we remove general and administrative expenses, income
associated with property management performed by us for other
organizations, and other income or expense items, such as interest
income from loan investments. For Property NOI (cash basis), the
effects of non-cash general reserve for uncollectible accounts,
straight-lined rents and fair value lease revenue are also
eliminated; while such effects are not adjusted in calculating
Property NOI (accrual basis). Property NOI is a non-GAAP financial
measure and should not be viewed as an alternative to net
income/(loss) calculated in accordance with GAAP as a measurement
of our operating performance. We believe that Property NOI, on
either a cash or accrual basis, is helpful to investors as a
supplemental comparative performance measure of income generated by
our properties alone without our administrative overhead. Other
REITs may not define Property NOI in the same manner as we do;
therefore, our computation of Property NOI may not be comparable to
that of other REITs.
We calculate Same Store Net Operating Income ("Same Store NOI") as
Property NOI attributable to the properties (excluding undeveloped
land parcels) that were (i) owned by us during the entire span of
the current and prior year reporting periods; (ii) that were not
being developed or redeveloped during those periods; and (iii) for
which no operating expenses were capitalized during those periods.
Same Store NOI, on either a cash or accrual basis, is a non-GAAP
financial measure and should not be viewed as an alternative to net
income/(loss) calculated in accordance with GAAP as a measurement
of our operating performance. We believe that Same Store NOI is
helpful to investors as a supplemental comparative performance
measure of the income generated from the same group of properties
from one period to the next. Other REITs may not define Same Store
NOI in the same manner as we do; therefore, our computation of Same
Store NOI may not be comparable to that of other
REITs.
Index to Financial Statements
The following table sets forth a reconciliation from net
income/(loss) calculated in accordance with GAAP to EBITDAre, Core
EBITDA, Property NOI, and Same Store NOI on both a cash and accrual
basis, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021,
respectively (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Basis |
|
Accrual Basis |
|
December 31,
2022 |
|
December 31,
2021 |
|
December 31,
2022 |
|
December 31,
2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) applicable to Piedmont (GAAP basis) |
$ |
146,830 |
|
|
$ |
(1,153) |
|
|
$ |
146,830 |
|
|
$ |
(1,153) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss applicable to noncontrolling interest
|
— |
|
|
(14) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(14) |
|
Interest expense
|
65,656 |
|
|
51,292 |
|
|
65,656 |
|
|
51,292 |
|
Depreciation
|
133,577 |
|
|
120,578 |
|
|
133,577 |
|
|
120,578 |
|
Amortization
|
90,891 |
|
|
85,946 |
|
|
90,891 |
|
|
85,946 |
|
Depreciation and amortization attributable to noncontrolling
interests |
85 |
|
|
84 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment losses
|
25,981 |
|
|
41,000 |
|
|
25,981 |
|
|
41,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on sale of real estate assets
|
(151,729) |
|
|
— |
|
|
(151,729) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDAre(1)
|
311,291 |
|
|
297,733 |
|
|
311,291 |
|
|
297,733 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance costs associated with fourth quarter 2022 management
reorganization |
2,248 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,248 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core EBITDA(2)
|
313,539 |
|
|
297,733 |
|
|
313,539 |
|
|
297,733 |
|
General & administrative expenses
|
26,879 |
|
|
30,252 |
|
|
26,879 |
|
|
30,252 |
|
Management fee revenue(3)
|
(1,004) |
|
|
(1,269) |
|
|
(1,004) |
|
|
(1,269) |
|
Other income
|
(1,847) |
|
|
(9,089) |
|
|
(1,847) |
|
|
(9,089) |
|
Non-cash general reserve/(reversal) for uncollectible
accounts |
(3,000) |
|
|
(553) |
|
|
|
|
|
Straight-line rent effects of lease revenue
|
(11,230) |
|
|
(10,566) |
|
|
|
|
|
Straight-line effects of lease revenue attributable to
noncontrolling interests |
(10) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of lease-related intangibles
|
(13,426) |
|
|
(11,290) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property NOI |
309,901 |
|
|
295,221 |
|
|
337,567 |
|
|
317,627 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating (income)/loss from:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions(4)
|
(18,720) |
|
|
(2,460) |
|
|
(27,055) |
|
|
(3,273) |
|
Dispositions(5)
|
(10,714) |
|
|
(17,572) |
|
|
(10,826) |
|
|
(18,400) |
|
Other investments(6)
|
763 |
|
|
841 |
|
|
651 |
|
|
1,067 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Same Store NOI |
$ |
281,230 |
|
|
$ |
276,030 |
|
|
$ |
300,337 |
|
|
$ |
297,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change period over period in Same Store NOI |
1.9 |
% |
|
N/A |
|
1.1 |
% |
|
N/A |
(1)We
calculate Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and
Amortization- Real Estate ("EBITDAre") in accordance with the
current NAREIT definition. NAREIT currently defines EBITDAre as net
income (computed in accordance with GAAP) adjusted for gains or
losses from sales of property, impairment losses, depreciation on
real estate assets, amortization on real estate assets, interest
expense and taxes, along with the same adjustments for joint
ventures. Some of the adjustments mentioned can vary among owners
of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost
accounting and useful-life estimates. EBITDAre is a non-GAAP
financial measure and should not be viewed as an alternative to net
income calculated in accordance with GAAP as a measurement of our
operating performance. We believe that EBITDAre is helpful to
investors as a supplemental performance measure because it provides
a metric for understanding our results from ongoing operations
without taking into account the effects of non-cash expenses (such
as depreciation and amortization) and capitalization and capital
structure expenses (such as interest
Index to Financial Statements
expense and taxes). We also believe that EBITDAre can help
facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and
with other REITs. However, other REITs may not define EBITDAre in
accordance with the NAREIT definition, or may interpret the current
NAREIT definition differently than us; therefore, our computation
of EBITDAre may not be comparable to that of such other
REITs.
(2)We
calculate Core Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and
Amortization ("Core EBITDA") as net income (computed in accordance
with GAAP) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
and removing any impairment losses, gains or losses from sales of
property and other significant infrequent items that create
volatility within our earnings and make it difficult to determine
the earnings generated by our core ongoing business. Core EBITDA is
a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be viewed as an
alternative to net income calculated in accordance with GAAP as a
measurement of our operating performance. We believe that Core
EBITDA is helpful to investors as a supplemental performance
measure because it provides a metric for understanding the
performance of our results from ongoing operations without taking
into account the effects of non-cash expenses (such as depreciation
and amortization), as well as items that are not part of normal
day-to-day operations of our business. Other REITs may not define
Core EBITDA in the same manner as us; therefore, our computation of
Core EBITDA may not be comparable to that of other
REITs.
(3)Presented
net of related operating expenses incurred to earn such management
fee revenue.
(4)Acquisitions
include 999 Peachtree Street, purchased during the fourth quarter
of 2021, and 1180 Peachtree Street, purchased during the third
quarter of 2022, both located in Atlanta, Georgia.
(5)Dispositions
include Two Pierce Place in Itasca, Illinois and 225 and 235
Presidential Way in Woburn, Massachusetts, all sold during the
first quarter of 2022, and One Brattle Square and 1414
Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge, Massachusetts, sold in the
fourth quarter of 2022.
(6)Other
investments consist of active redevelopment and development
projects, land, and recently completed redevelopment and
development projects for which some portion of operating expenses
were capitalized during the current and/or prior year reporting
periods. The operating results from 222 South Orange Avenue in
Florida are included in this line item.
Overview
Our portfolio consists of office properties located within
identified growth submarkets in large metropolitan cities
concentrated primarily in the Sunbelt. We typically lease space to
creditworthy corporate or governmental tenants on a long-term
basis. As of December 31, 2022, our average lease was
approximately 15,000 square feet with approximately six years of
lease term remaining. Consequently, leased percentage, as well as
rent roll ups and roll downs, which we experience as a result of
re-leasing, can fluctuate widely between buildings and between
tenants, depending on when a particular lease is scheduled to
commence or expire.
Leased Percentage
Our portfolio was 86.7% leased as of December 31, 2022, as
compared to 85.5% leased as of December 31, 2021, and scheduled
lease expirations for the portfolio as a whole for 2023 represent
approximately 7% of our ALR, some portion of which may renew. To
the extent the square footage from new leases for currently vacant
space exceed or fall short of the square footage associated with
non-renewing expirations, such leases would increase or decrease
our overall leased percentage, respectively.
Impact of Downtime, Abatement Periods, and Rental Rate
Changes
Commencement of a lease associated with a new tenant in the
property typically occurs 6-18 months after the lease execution
date, after refurbishment of the space is completed. The downtime
between a lease expiration and the new lease's commencement can
negatively impact Property NOI and Same Store NOI comparisons (both
accrual and cash basis). In addition, office leases, both to new
tenants and those renewing, often contain upfront rental and/or
operating expense abatement periods which delay the cash flow
benefits of the lease even after the new lease or renewal has
commenced and negatively impact Property NOI and Same Store NOI on
a cash basis until such abatements expire. As of December 31,
2022, we had approximately 1.14 million square feet of
executed leases for vacant space yet to commence or under rental
abatement, representing approximately $33 million of additional
annual cash revenue.
If we are unable to replace expiring leases with new or renewal
leases at rental rates equal to or greater than the expiring rates,
rental rate roll downs could occur and negatively impact Property
NOI and Same Store NOI comparisons. As mentioned above, our diverse
portfolio and the magnitude of some of our tenants' leased spaces
can result in rent roll ups and roll downs that can fluctuate
widely on a building-by-building and a quarter-to-quarter basis.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we experienced a 9.7%
and 17.2% roll up in cash and accrual rents, respectively, on
executed leases related to space vacant one year or less. Both
increases for the year were impacted by a lease renewal and
extension executed with a large tenant with an average lease term
of three years at our Three Galleria Tower building in Dallas,
Texas.
Index to Financial Statements
Same Store NOI increased by 1.9% and 1.1% on a cash and accrual
basis, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022 as
compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The primary drivers
of the increases in both metrics were increased rental rates and
the expiration of abatements at certain properties. Property NOI
and Same Store NOI comparisons for any given period fluctuate as a
result of the mix of net leasing activity in individual properties
during the respective period.
Election as a REIT
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code and have
operated as such beginning with our taxable year ended
December 31, 1998. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain
organizational and operational requirements, including a
requirement to distribute at least 90% of our adjusted REIT taxable
income, computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and
by excluding net capital gains attributable to our stockholders, as
defined by the Code. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to
federal income tax on income that we distribute to our
stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year,
we may be subject to federal income taxes on our taxable income for
that year and for the four years following the year during which
qualification is lost and/or penalties, unless the IRS grants us
relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could
materially adversely affect our net income/(loss) and net cash
available for distribution to our stockholders. However, we believe
that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify
for treatment as a REIT and intend to continue to operate in the
foreseeable future in such a manner that we will remain qualified
as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We have elected to treat
one of our wholly owned subsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiary
("TRS"). Our TRS performs non-customary services for tenants of
buildings that we own, including real estate and non-real estate
related-services. Any earnings related to such services performed
by our TRS are subject to federal and state income taxes. In
addition, for us to continue to qualify as a REIT, our investments
in TRS cannot exceed 20% of the value of our total
assets.
Inflation
We are exposed to inflation risk, as income from long-term leases
is the primary source of our cash flows from operations. There are
provisions in the majority of our tenant leases that are intended
to protect us from, and mitigate the risk of, the impact of
inflation. These provisions include rent steps, reimbursement
billings for operating expense pass-through charges, real estate
tax, and insurance on a per square-foot basis, or in some cases,
annual reimbursement of operating expenses above certain per
square-foot allowances. However, due to the long-term nature of the
leases, the leases may not readjust their reimbursement rates
frequently enough to fully cover inflation.
Application of Critical Accounting Estimates
Our accounting policies have been established to conform with GAAP.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires management to use judgment in the application of
accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions.
These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If our judgment
or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to
various transactions had been different, it is possible that
different accounting policies would have been applied, thus,
resulting in a different presentation of the financial statements.
Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that
may impact comparability of our results of operations to those of
companies in similar businesses. The critical accounting policies
outlined below have been discussed with members of the Audit
Committee of the board of directors.
Valuation of Real Estate Assets
We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that
could indicate that the carrying amounts of the real estate and
intangible assets of operating properties in which we have an
ownership interest, either directly or through investments in joint
ventures, may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential
impairment are present, we assess whether the respective carrying
values will be recovered from the undiscounted future operating
cash flows expected from the use of the asset and its eventual
disposition for assets held for use, or from the estimated fair
value, less costs to sell, for assets held for sale. In the event
that the expected undiscounted future cash flows for assets held
for use or the estimated fair value, less costs to sell, for assets
held for sale do not exceed the respective asset carrying value, we
adjust such assets to the respective estimated fair values and
recognize an impairment loss.
Projections of expected future cash flows require that we estimate
future market rental income amounts subsequent to the expiration of
current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number
of months it takes to re-lease the property, and the number of
years the property is held for investment, among other factors. The
changing of these assumptions and the subjectivity of assumptions
used in the future cash flow analysis, including capitalization and
discount rates, could result in a changed assessment or an
incorrect assessment of the property’s estimated fair value and,
therefore, could result in the
Index to Financial Statements
misstatement of the carrying value of our real estate and related
intangible assets and our reported net income/(loss) attributable
to Piedmont.
Valuation of Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the
amounts specifically assigned to assets acquired and liabilities
assumed in purchase accounting for business combinations, and is
allocated to each of our reporting units. We test the carrying
value of the goodwill assigned to each of our reporting units for
impairment on an annual basis, or on an interim basis if an event
occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more
likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit may be less
than its carrying value. Such interim circumstances may include,
but are not limited to, significant adverse changes in legal
factors or in the general business climate, adverse action or
assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, the loss of
key personnel, or persistent declines in an entity’s stock price
below the carrying value of the entity.
In performing our goodwill impairment assessment, we compare the
estimated fair value of each of our reporting units to the
reporting unit's carrying value. If we conclude the fair value of a
reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then we would
recognize a goodwill impairment loss equal to the excess of the
reporting unit's carrying amount over its estimated fair value (not
to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit).
Estimation of the fair value of each reporting unit involves
projections of discounted future cash flows, which are derived
using certain assumptions that are subjective in nature. We also
make estimates about future market rental income amounts subsequent
to the expiration of current lease agreements, property operating
expenses, and the number of months it takes to re-lease the
property, among other factors. The changing of these assumptions
and the subjectivity of the market based assumptions used in the
discounted future cash flow analysis, particularly the
capitalization rates and discount rates, could result in a changed
assessment or an incorrect assessment of the reporting unit’s
estimated fair value and, therefore, could result in the
misstatement of the carrying value of our reporting units and
related goodwill and our reported net income/(loss) attributable to
Piedmont. In addition, adverse economic conditions could also cause
us to recognize additional asset impairment charges in the future,
which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Rental Revenue Recognition
Rental income for office properties is our principal source of
revenue. The timing of rental revenue recognition is largely
dependent on our conclusion as to whether we, or our tenant, are
the owner of tenant improvements at the leased property. The
determination of whether we, or our tenant, are the owner of tenant
improvements for accounting purposes is subject to significant
judgment. In making that determination, we consider numerous
factors and perform an evaluation of each individual lease. No one
factor is determinative in reaching a conclusion. The factors we
evaluate include but are not limited to the following:
•whether
the tenant is obligated by the terms of the lease agreement to
construct or install the leasehold improvements as a condition of
the lease;
•whether
the landlord can require the lessee to make specified improvements
or otherwise enforce its economic rights to those
assets;
•whether
the tenant is required to provide the landlord with documentation
supporting the cost of tenant improvements prior to reimbursement
by the landlord;
•whether
the landlord is obligated to fund cost overruns for the
construction of leasehold improvements;
•whether
the leasehold improvements are unique to the tenant or could
reasonably be used by other parties; and
•whether
the estimated economic life of the leasehold improvements is long
enough to allow for a significant residual value that could benefit
the landlord at the end of the lease term.
When we conclude that we are the owner of tenant improvements, we
record the cost to construct the tenant improvements as an asset
and commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes
possession of or controls the finished space, which is typically
when the improvements being recorded as our asset are substantially
complete, and our landlord obligation has been materially
satisfied. When we conclude that our tenant is the owner of certain
tenant improvements, we record our contribution towards those
improvements as a lease incentive, which is amortized as a
reduction to rental and tenant reimbursement revenue on a
straight-line basis over the term of the related lease, and the
recognition of rental revenue begins when the tenant takes
possession of or controls the space.
In addition, we also record the cost of certain tenant improvements
paid for or reimbursed by tenants when we conclude that we are the
owner of such tenant improvements using the factors discussed
above. For these tenant-funded tenant improvements, we record the
amount funded or reimbursed by tenants as an asset and deferred
revenue. The asset is depreciated and the deferred revenue is
amortized and recognized as rental revenue over the term of the
related lease beginning upon substantial completion
Index to Financial Statements
of the leased premises. Consequently, our determination as to
whether we, or our tenant, are the owner of tenant improvements for
accounting purposes has a significant impact on both the amount and
timing of rental revenue that we record related to tenant-funded
tenant improvements.
Related-Party Transactions and Agreements
There were no related-party transactions during the three years
ended December 31, 2022, other than a consulting agreement
with our former Chief Investment Officer, who retired effective
June 30, 2017, and remained a consultant for us until June 30,
2020, earning $18,500 per month. During the years ended
December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020,
Piedmont recognized approximately $0, $0, and $0.1 million,
respectively, of expense related to this consulting
agreement.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our future income, cash flows, and estimated fair values of our
financial instruments depend in part upon prevailing market
interest rates. Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from
changes in interest rates, foreign currency, exchange rates,
commodity prices, and equity prices. As of December 31, 2022, our
potential for exposure to market risk includes interest rate
fluctuations in connection with borrowings under our $600 Million
Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit and the $200 Million Unsecured 2022
Term Loan Facility. As a result, the primary market risk to which
we believe we are exposed is interest rate risk. Many factors,
including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and
international economic and political considerations, and other
factors that are beyond our control contribute to interest rate
risk, including changes in the method pursuant to which LIBOR rates
and SOFR rates are determined. Furthermore, the United Kingdom
Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, has announced
that USD LIBOR will no longer by published after June 30, 2023.
Piedmont has completed an evaluation of its credit agreements which
reference LIBOR and determined that each of these agreements
already contain "fallback" language allowing for the establishment
of an alternate rate of interest that gives due consideration to
the then prevailing market convention for determining a rate of
interest for syndicated loans in the U.S. at that time by Piedmont
and the respective agent, as defined in the respective agreements.
In addition, all new unsecured debt agreements entered into during
the year ended December 31, 2022 utilize SOFR as the reference
rate.
Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the
impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flow primarily
through a low-to-moderate level of overall borrowings, as well as
managing the variability in rate fluctuations on our outstanding
debt. As such, all of our debt as of December 31, 2022, other
than the $600 Million Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit and our $200
Million Unsecured Term Loan Facility, is currently based on fixed
or effectively-fixed interest rates to hedge against volatility in
the credit markets. We do not enter into derivative or interest
rate transactions for speculative purposes, as such all of our debt
and derivative instruments were entered into for purposes other
than trading purposes.
Our financial instruments consist of both fixed and variable-rate
debt. As of December 31, 2022, our consolidated principal
outstanding for aggregate debt maturities consisted of the
following (in thousands):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023 |
|
2024 |
|
2025 |
|
2026 |
|
2027 |
|
Thereafter |
|
Total |
Maturing debt: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate repayments |
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
200,000 |
|
(2)
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
200,000 |
|
Variable rate average interest rate
(1)
|
— |
% |
|
5.42 |
% |
|
— |
% |
|
— |
% |
|
— |
% |
|
— |
% |
|
5.42 |
% |
Fixed rate repayments |
$ |
350,000 |
|
|
$ |
400,000 |
|
|
$ |
250,000 |
|
(3)
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
797,000 |
|
|
$ |
1,797,000 |
|
Fixed rate average interest rate
(1)
|
3.40 |
% |
|
4.45 |
% |
|
4.54 |
% |
|
— |
% |
|
— |
% |
|
3.23 |
% |
|
3.72 |
% |
(1)See
Note
4
to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further
details on our debt structure.
(2)We
may extend the term for six additional months to a final extended
maturity date of June 18, 2025, provided we are not then in default
and all representations and warranties are true and correct in all
material respects and upon payment of extension fees.
(3)Includes
the $250 Million Unsecured 2018 Term Loan. The facility has a
stated variable rate; however, Piedmont's interest rate swap
agreements as of December 31, 2022 effectively fix, exclusive of
changes to Piedmont's credit rating, the full principal balance to
4.54% through the maturity date of the loan.
Index to Financial Statements
The estimated fair value of our debt above as of December 31,
2022 and 2021 was approximately $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion,
respectively. Our interest rate swap agreements in place as of
December 31, 2022 carried a notional amount of $250 million
and a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 4.54%, whereas the
interest rate swap agreements in place as of December 31, 2021
carried a notional amount totaling $100 million and a
weighted-average fixed interest rate of 3.56%.
As of December 31, 2022, our total outstanding debt subject to
fixed, or effectively fixed, interest rates totaling approximately
$1.8 billion has an average effective interest rate of
approximately 3.72% per annum with expirations ranging from 2023 to
2032. A change in the market interest rate impacts the net
financial instrument position of our fixed-rate debt portfolio but
has no impact on interest incurred or cash flows for that
portfolio.
As of December 31, 2022, we had no outstanding balance on our
$600 Million Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit. Our $600 Million
Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit currently has a stated rate of
Adjusted SOFR plus 0.85% per annum (based on our current corporate
credit rating). Our $200 Million Unsecured Term Loan Facility has a
stated rate of Adjusted SOFR plus 1.00% per annum (based on our
current corporate credit rating), resulting in a total interest
rate of 5.42%. To the extent that we borrow funds in the future
under the $600 Million Unsecured 2022 Line of Credit or potential
future variable-rate lines of credit, we would have exposure to
increases in interest rates, which would potentially increase our
cost of debt. Additionally, a 1.0% increase in variable interest
rates on our existing outstanding borrowings as of December 31,
2022 would increase interest expense approximately $2.0 million on
a per annum basis.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements and supplementary data filed as part of
this report are set forth beginning on page
F-1
of this report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS
WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE
There were no disagreements with our independent registered public
accountants during the years ended December 31, 2022 or
2021.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND
PROCEDURES
Management’s Conclusions Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the
participation of management, including our Principal Executive
Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of
the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures
pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the
end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that
evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial
Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were
effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report
in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information we
are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under
the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported
within the time periods in SEC rules and forms, including providing
a reasonable level of assurance that information required to be
disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to
our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and our
Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure.
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial
Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining
effective internal control over financial reporting, as defined in
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, as a process
designed by, or under the supervision of, the principal executive
and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar
functions, and effected by the board of directors, management and
other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and
includes those policies and procedures that:
•pertain
to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of our
assets;
•provide
reasonable assurance that the transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management
and/or members of the board of directors; and
Index to Financial Statements
•provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that
could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over
financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and
the circumvention or overriding of controls, material misstatements
may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In addition,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods
are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance
with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Accordingly, even
internal controls determined to be effective can provide only
reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed
in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized, and represented within the time periods
required.
Our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting at December 31, 2022. To make
this assessment, we used the criteria for effective internal
control over financial reporting described in the 2013
Internal Control—Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, our management
believes that, as of December 31, 2022, our system of internal
control over financial reporting was effective.
Piedmont’s independent registered public accounting firm has issued
an attestation report on the effectiveness of Piedmont’s internal
control over financial reporting, which appears in this Annual
Report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no significant changes in our internal control over
financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2022
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.
Index to Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Piedmont Office
Realty Trust, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of
Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in
Internal Control —Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established
in
Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended
December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated February 23,
2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial
statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective
internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of
the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting,
included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal
control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal
control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a
material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and
operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed
risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides
a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial
Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process
designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of
the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the
company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could
have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over
financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods
are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the
policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 23, 2023
Index to Financial Statements
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN
JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
None.
Index to Financial Statements
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Pursuant to Paragraph G(3) of the General Instructions to Form
10-K, the information required by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13,
and 14) is being incorporated by reference herein from our
definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days
of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 in
connection with our 2023 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders.
We have adopted a Code of Ethics, which is available on Piedmont’s
website at www.piedmontreit.com under the “Investor Relations”
section. Any amendments to, or waivers of, the Code of Ethics will
be disclosed on our website promptly following the date of such
amendment or waiver. The information contained on our website is
not incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 will be set forth in our
definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days
of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 will be set forth in our
definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days
of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND
RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 will be set forth in our
definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days
of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND
SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 will be set forth in our
definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days
of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
Index to Financial Statements
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL
STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) 1. The
financial statements begin on page
F-4
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following financial
statements of the Registrant, together with the applicable report
of independent registered public accounting firm, are filed as part
of this report:
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Financial Statements |
Page |
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|
(a) 2. Schedule III—Real
Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation.
Information with respect to this item begins on page
S-1
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other schedules are
omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are
required or because the required information is given in the
financial statements or notes thereto.
(b) The Exhibits filed in response to
Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed on the Exhibit
Index listed below.
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Exhibit Number |
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Description of Document |
|
3.1 |
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3.2 |
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3.3 |
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3.4 |
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3.5 |
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3.6 |
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4.1 |
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4.2 |
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4.3 |
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4.4 |
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Index to Financial Statements
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4.5 |
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4.6 |
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4.7 |
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4.8 |
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4.9 |
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4.10 |
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10.1 |
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10.2 |
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10.3 |
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10.4 |
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10.5* |
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10.6* |
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10.7* |
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10.8* |
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10.9* |
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10.10* |
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10.11* |
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10.12* |
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10.13* |
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Index to Financial Statements
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10.14 |
|
Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement Dated as Of September 28,
2018 by and among Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower,
Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc., as Parent, JPMorgan Chase Bank,
N.A., and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., as Co-Lead Arrangers
and Book Managers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative
Agent, SunTrust Bank as Syndication Agent, and the other financial
institutions initially signatory thereto and their assignees
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2018)
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10.15* |
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10.16* |
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10.17* |
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10.18 |
|
Term Loan Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2018, by and among
Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower, Piedmont Office
Realty Trust, Inc., as Parent, U.S. Bank National Association, PNC
Capital Markets LLC, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., as Joint
Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Runners, U.S. Bank National
Association, as Administrative Agent, PNC Bank, National
Association and SunTrust Bank as Syndication Agents, and the other
banks signatory thereto as Lenders (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed
April 3, 2018)
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10.19 |
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10.20 |
|
Amendment No. 2, dated as of March 3, 2020, to the Term Loan
Agreement dated March 29, 2018, between Piedmont Operating
Partnership, LP, as Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly
period ended March 31, 2020, filed on April 29,
2020)
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10.21 |
|
Revolving Credit Agreement Dated as of September 28, 2018 by and
among Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower, Piedmont
Office Realty Trust, Inc., as Parent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.,
SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., U.S. Bank National Association
and PNC Capital Markets LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint
Bookrunners, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent,
SunTrust Bank, U.S. Bank National Association and PNC Bank,
National Association, as Syndication Agents, Bank Of America, N.A.,
BMO Harris Bank, N.A., Branch Banking and Trust Company, Morgan
Stanley Senior Funding, Inc., TD Bank, N.A., The Bank Of Nova
Scotia and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as Documentation Agents, and the
other financial institutions initially signatory thereto and their
assignees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 2,
2018)
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10.22* |
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10.23* |
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10.24 |
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10.25 |
|
Term Loan Agreement, dated February 10, 2020, by and among Piedmont
Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower, Piedmont Office Realty
Trust, Inc. as Parent, Suntrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., as Lead
Arranger and Book Manager, Truist Bank, as Administrative Agent,
and the other financial institutions initially signatory hereto and
their assignees as Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February
12, 2020)
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Index to Financial Statements
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10.26 |
|
Amendment No. 1 to Term Loan Agreement, dated March 24, 2020, by
and among Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower, Truist
Bank, as administrative agent and lender, and JPMorgan Chase Bank,
N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association, as new Lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2020)
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10.27* |
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10.28* |
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10.29* |
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10.30* |
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10.31* |
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10.32* |
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10.33* |
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10.34 |
|
Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of June
14, 2022, by and among Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as
Borrower, Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc., as Parent, JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A., Truist Securities, Inc., U.S. Bank National
Association, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Wells Fargo Securities,
LLC., as Joint Lead Arrangers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, Truist Bank, U.S. Bank National Association,
PNC Bank, National Association, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as
Syndication Agents, and the other financial institutions initially
signatory thereto and their assignees (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June
15, 2022)
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10.35 |
|
Term Loan Agreement dated as of July 22, 2022, by and among
Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower, Piedmont Office
Realty Trust, Inc., as Parent, Truist Securities, Inc., as Lead
Arranger and Book Manager, Truist Bank, as Administrative Agent,
and the other financial institutions initially signatory thereto
and their assignees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 27,
2022)
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10.36 |
|
Amendment No. 1 to Term Loan Agreement dated as of December 14,
2022, by and among Piedmont Operating Partnership, LP, as Borrower,
Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc., as Parent, Truist Securities,
Inc., as Lead Arranger and Book Manager, Truist Bank, as
Administrative Agent, and the other financial institutions
initially signatory thereto and their assignees (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed December 14, 2022)
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10.37 |
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10.38 |
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10.39* |
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10.40* |
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Index to Financial Statements
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10.41* |
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10.42* |
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21.1 |
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22.1 |
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23.1 |
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31.1** |
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31.2** |
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32.1*** |
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32.2*** |
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101.INS |
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XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in
the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within
the Inline XBRL document |
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101.SCH |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
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101.CAL |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
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101.DEF |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
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101.LAB |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
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101.PRE |
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104.1 |
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Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and
contained in Exhibit 101) |
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* Identifies each management contract or
compensatory plan required to be filed.
** Filed herewith.
*** Furnished herewith.
Index to Financial Statements
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized this 23rd
day of February, 2023.
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Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. |
(Registrant) |
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By: |
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/s/ C. BRENT
SMITH
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C. Brent Smith |
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|
Chief Executive Officer, Principal Executive Officer, and
Director |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on
behalf of the registrant and in the capacity as and on the date
indicated.
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Signature |
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Title |
Date |
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/s/ FRANK
C. MCDOWELL
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Chairman, and Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Frank C. McDowell |
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/s/ DALE
H. TAYSOM
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Vice-Chairman, and Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Dale H. Taysom |
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/s/ KELLY
H. BARRETT
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Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Kelly H. Barrett |
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/s/ GLENN
G.
COHEN
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Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Glenn G. Cohen |
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/s/ VENKATESH
S. DURVASULA
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Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Venkatesh S. Durvasula |
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/s/ MARY
M.
HAGER
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Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Mary M. Hager |
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/s/ BARBARA
B.
LANG
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Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Barbara B. Lang |
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/s/ JEFFREY
L. SWOPE
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Director |
February 23, 2023 |
Jeffrey L. Swope |
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/s/ C. BRENT
SMITH
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|
Chief Executive Officer and Director |
February 23, 2023 |
C. Brent Smith |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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/s/ ROBERT
E. BOWERS
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|
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice-President |
February 23, 2023 |
Robert E. Bowers |
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(Principal Financial Officer) |
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/s/ LAURA
P. MOON
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Chief Accounting Officer |
February 23, 2023 |
Laura P. Moon |
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(Principal Accounting Officer) |
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Index to Financial Statements
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Financial Statements |
Page |
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Financial Statement Schedule |
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Index to Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Piedmont Office
Realty Trust, Inc.:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
Piedmont Office Realty Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company")
as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated
statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’
equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule
listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the
"financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of
its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in
Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission and our report dated February 23, 2023, expressed an
unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over
financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the
Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public
accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S.
federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error
or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the
risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis,
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising
from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee
and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material
to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially
challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of
critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the
financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by
communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or
disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of Goodwill – Refer to Note 2 to the financial
statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company assesses its goodwill for impairment on an annual
basis, or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances
change that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair
value of a reporting unit may be less than its carrying value. If
the Company concludes that the fair value of a reporting unit is
less than its carrying value, then the Company recognizes an
impairment loss equal to the excess of the reporting unit’s
carrying amount over its estimated fair value (not to exceed the
total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). The Company’s
estimation of the fair value of each reporting unit involves
projections of discounted future cash flows, which are derived
using certain assumptions that are subjective in nature. Total
goodwill as of December 31, 2022, was approximately $83 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a
goodwill impairment loss of approximately $16 million.
Index to Financial Statements
Auditing the goodwill impairment assessment required a high degree
of auditor judgment and increased extent of effort due to the
significant estimation uncertainty in certain assumptions used to
determine the fair value of each reporting unit. Specifically, the
capitalization rate and discount rate assumptions selected by the
Company to determine the fair value of each reporting unit are
inherently subjective, and changes in these assumptions could have
a significant impact on a reporting unit’s estimated fair
value.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the
Audit
Our audit procedures related to the capitalization rate and
discount rate assumptions used in determining the fair value of
each of the Company’s reporting units included the following, among
others:
•We
tested the effectiveness of internal controls related to
management’s goodwill impairment evaluation, including those
related to the selection of the capitalization rates and discount
rates used in the valuation of each reporting unit.
•We
evaluated the reasonableness of the capitalization rates and
discount rates used by management to estimate the fair value of its
reporting units based on independent market data, focusing on
geographic location and other property
characteristics.
•We
developed independent estimates of capitalization rates and
discount rates and compared those to the rates used by
management.
•We
evaluated whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence
obtained in other areas of the audit.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 23, 2023
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.
Index to Financial Statements
PIEDMONT OFFICE REALTY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per-share amounts)
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December 31, 2022 |
|
December 31, 2021 |
Assets: |
|
|
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Real estate assets, at cost: |
|
|
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Land |
$ |
567,244 |
|
|
$ |
529,941 |
|
Buildings and improvements, less accumulated depreciation of
$915,010 and $861,206 as of December 31, 2022 and
December 31, 2021, respectively
|
2,766,990 |
|
|
2,513,697 |
|
Intangible lease assets, less accumulated amortization of $90,694
and $83,777 as of December 31, 2022 and December 31,
2021, respectively
|
114,380 |
|
|
94,380 |
|
Construction in progress |
52,010 |
|
|
43,406 |
|
Real estate assets held for sale, net |
— |
|
|
63,887 |
|
Total real estate assets |
3,500,624 |
|
|
3,245,311 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
16,536 |
|
|
7,419 |
|
Tenant receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
$1,000 and $4,000 as of December 31, 2022 and
December 31, 2021, respectively
|
4,762 |
|
|
2,995 |
|
Straight-line rent receivables |
172,019 |
|
|
162,632 |
|
Notes receivable |
— |
|
|
118,500 |
|
Restricted cash and escrows |
3,064 |
|
|
1,441 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
17,152 |
|
|
20,485 |
|
Goodwill |
82,937 |
|
|
98,918 |
|
Interest rate swaps
|
4,183 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred lease costs, less accumulated amortization of $221,731 and
$205,100 as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021,
respectively
|
284,248 |
|
|
264,571 |
|
Other assets held for sale, net |
— |
|
|
8,393 |
|
Total assets |
$ |
4,085,525 |
|
|
$ |
3,930,665 |
|
Liabilities: |
|
|
|
Unsecured debt, net of discount and unamortized debt issuance costs
of $13,319 and $12,210 as of December 31, 2022 and
December 31, 2021, respectively
|
$ |
1,786,681 |
|
|
$ |
1,877,790 |
|
Secured debt
|
197,000 |
|
|
— |
|
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and accrued capital
expenditures |
110,306 |
|
|
114,453 |
|
Dividends payable |
25,357 |
|
|
26,048 |
|
Deferred income |
59,977 |
|
|
80,686 |
|
Intangible lease liabilities, less accumulated amortization of
$36,423 and $35,880 as of December 31, 2022 and
December 31, 2021, respectively
|
56,949 |
|
|
39,341 |
|
Interest rate swaps |
— |
|
|
4,924 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
2,236,270 |
|
|
2,143,242 |
|
Commitments and Contingencies (Note
8)
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Stockholders’ Equity: |
|
|
|
Shares-in-trust, 150,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding as
of December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Preferred stock, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none
outstanding as of December 31, 2022 or December 31,
2021
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 750,000,000 shares authorized,
123,439,558 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31,
2022; and 123,076,695 shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2021
|
1,234 |
|
|
1,231 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
3,711,005 |
|