The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not
complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is
not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
Subject to completion dated February 3, 2023
February , 2023 |
Registration Statement Nos. 333-236659
and 333-236659-01; Rule 424(b)(2) |

JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index® due February 27, 2025
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan
Chase & Co.
|
· |
The notes are designed for investors who seek a fixed return of
at least 12.50% at maturity if the Final Value of the least
performing of the S&P 500® Index, the Russell
2000® Index and the NASDAQ-100 Index®, which
we refer to as the Indices, is greater than or equal to its Initial
Value or is less than its Initial Value by up to 20.00%. |
|
· |
Investors should be willing to forgo interest and dividend
payments and be willing to lose up to 80.00% of their principal
amount at maturity. |
|
· |
The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to as JPMorgan
Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally
guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any payment on the notes
is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of
the notes, and the credit risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as
guarantor of the notes. |
|
· |
Payments on the notes are not linked to a basket composed of
the Indices. Payments on the notes are linked to the performance of
each of the Indices individually, as described below. |
|
· |
Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples
thereof |
|
· |
The notes are expected to price on or about February 23, 2023
and are expected to settle on or about February 28, 2023. |
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Risk
Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying prospectus
supplement, “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-12 of the
accompanying product supplement, “Risk Factors” beginning on page
US-3 of the accompanying underlying supplement and “Selected Risk
Considerations” beginning on page PS-4 of this pricing
supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any
state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the
notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing
supplement or the accompanying product supplement, underlying
supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
|
Price to Public (1) |
Fees and Commissions (2) |
Proceeds to Issuer |
Per note |
$1,000 |
$ |
$ |
Total |
$ |
$ |
$ |
(1) See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement
for information about the components of the price to public of the
notes.
(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting
as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling
commissions it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated
dealers. In no event will these selling commissions exceed $25.00
per $1,000 principal amount note. See “Plan of Distribution
(Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product
supplement.
|
If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would
be approximately $943.50 per $1,000 principal amount note. The
estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set,
will be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less
than $900.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “The Estimated
Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional
information.
The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and
are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 4-II dated November 4,
2020, underlying supplement no. 1-II dated November 4, 2020
and the prospectus and prospectus supplement, each dated April 8,
2020
Key Terms
Issuer:
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company
LLC, an indirect, wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase
& Co.
Guarantor:
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Indices:
The S&P 500® Index
(Bloomberg ticker: SPX), the Russell 2000® Index
(Bloomberg ticker: RTY) and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
(Bloomberg ticker: NDX)
Contingent
Digital Return: At least
12.50% (to be provided in the pricing supplement)
Buffer Amount:
20.00%
Pricing
Date: On or about February 23, 2023
Original
Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about February 28, 2023
Observation
Date*: February 24, 2025
Maturity
Date*: February 27, 2025
* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption event
and as described under “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a
Determination Date — Notes Linked to Multiple Underlyings” and
“General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Payment Date” in the
accompanying product supplement
|
Payment at Maturity:
If the Final Value of each Index is greater than or equal to its
Initial Value or is less than its Initial Value by up to the Buffer
Amount, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note
will be calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Contingent Digital Return)
If the Final Value of any Index is less than its Initial Value by
more than the Buffer Amount, your payment at maturity per $1,000
principal amount note will be calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (Least Performing Index Return + Buffer
Amount)]
If the Final Value of any Index is less than its Initial Value
by more than the Buffer Amount, you will lose some or most of your
principal amount at maturity.
Least Performing Index: The Index with the Least
Performing Index Return
Least Performing Index Return: The lowest of the Index
Returns of the Indices
Index Return:
With respect to each Index,
(Final Value – Initial Value)
Initial Value
Initial
Value: With respect to
each Index, the closing
level of that Index on the Pricing Date
Final
Value: With respect to
each Index, the closing level of that Index on the Observation
Date
|
PS-1
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
Hypothetical Payout Profile
The following table and graph illustrate the hypothetical total
return and payment at maturity on the notes linked to three
hypothetical Indices. The “total return” as used in this pricing
supplement is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results
from comparing the payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount
note to $1,000. The hypothetical total returns and payments set
forth below assume the following:
|
· |
an Initial Value for the Least Performing Index of 100.00; |
|
· |
a Contingent Digital Return of 12.50%; and |
|
· |
a Buffer Amount of 20.00%. |
The hypothetical Initial Value of the Least Performing Index of
100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and may not
represent a likely actual Initial Value of any Index. The actual
Initial Value of each Index will be the closing level of that Index
on the Pricing Date and will be provided in the pricing supplement.
For historical data regarding the actual closing levels of each
Index, please see the historical information set forth under “The
Indices” in this pricing supplement.
Each hypothetical total return or hypothetical payment at maturity
set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be
the actual total return or payment at maturity applicable to a
purchaser of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following
table and graph have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Final Value of the
Least Performing
Index |
Least Performing Index
Return |
Total Return on the Notes |
Payment at Maturity |
180.00 |
80.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
165.00 |
65.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
150.00 |
50.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
140.00 |
40.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
130.00 |
30.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
120.00 |
20.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
112.50 |
12.50% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
110.00 |
10.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
105.00 |
5.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
101.00 |
1.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
100.00 |
0.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
95.00 |
-5.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
90.00 |
-10.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
80.00 |
-20.00% |
12.50% |
$1,125.00 |
70.00 |
-30.00% |
-10.00% |
$900.00 |
60.00 |
-40.00% |
-20.00% |
$800.00 |
50.00 |
-50.00% |
-30.00% |
$700.00 |
40.00 |
-60.00% |
-40.00% |
$600.00 |
30.00 |
-70.00% |
-50.00% |
$500.00 |
20.00 |
-80.00% |
-60.00% |
$400.00 |
10.00 |
-90.00% |
-70.00% |
$300.00 |
0.00 |
-100.00% |
-80.00% |
$200.00 |
PS-2
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
The following graph demonstrates the hypothetical payments at
maturity on the notes for a sub-set of Least Performing Index
Returns detailed in the table above (-50% to 50%). There can be no
assurance that the performance of the Least Performing Index will
result in the return of any of your principal amount in excess of
$200.00 per $1,000 principal amount note, subject to the credit
risks of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan Chase & Co.

How the Notes Work
Upside Scenario:
If the Final Value of each Index is greater than or equal to its
Initial Value or is less than its Initial Value by up to the Buffer
Amount of 20.00%, investors will receive at maturity the $1,000
principal amount plus a fixed return equal to the Contingent
Digital Return of at least 12.50%, which reflects the maximum
return at maturity.
|
· |
Assuming a hypothetical Contingent Digital Return of 12.50%, if
the closing level of the Least Performing Index increases 5.00%,
investors will receive at maturity a 12.50% return, or $1,125.00
per $1,000 principal amount note. |
|
· |
Assuming a hypothetical Contingent Digital Return of 12.50%, if
the closing level of the Least Performing Index increases 50.00%,
investors will receive at maturity a 12.50% return, or $1,125.00
per $1,000 principal amount note. |
|
· |
Assuming a hypothetical Contingent Digital Return of 12.50%, if
the closing level of the Least Performing Index decreases 10.00%,
investors will receive at maturity a 12.50% return, or $1,125.00
per $1,000 principal amount note. |
Downside Scenario:
If the Final Value of any Index is less than its Initial Value by
more than the Buffer Amount of 20.00%, investors will lose 1% of
the principal amount of their notes for every 1% that the Final
Value of the Least Performing Index is less than its Initial Value
by more than the Buffer Amount.
|
· |
For example, if the closing level of the Least Performing Index
declines 60.00%, investors will lose 40.00% of their principal
amount and receive only $600.00 per $1,000 principal amount note at
maturity, calculated as follows: |
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-60.00% + 20.00%)] = $600.00
The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes
shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire
term. These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses
that would be associated with any sale in the secondary market. If
these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and
hypothetical payments shown above would likely be lower.
PS-3
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks
are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the
accompanying prospectus supplement, product supplement and
underlying supplement.
Risks Relating to the Notes Generally
|
· |
YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS — |
The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the Final
Value of any Index is less than its Initial Value by more than
20.00%, you will lose 1% of the principal amount of your notes for
every 1% that the Final Value of the Least Performing Index is less
than its Initial Value by more than 20.00%. Accordingly, under
these circumstances, you will lose up to 80.00% of your principal
amount at maturity.
|
· |
YOUR MAXIMUM GAIN ON THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO THE CONTINGENT
DIGITAL RETURN, |
regardless of any appreciation of any Index, which may be
significant.
|
· |
YOUR ABILITY TO RECEIVE THE CONTINGENT DIGITAL RETURN MAY
TERMINATE ON THE OBSERVATION DATE — |
If the Final Value of any Index is less than its Initial Value by
more than the Buffer Amount, you will not be entitled to receive
the Contingent Digital Return at maturity. Under these
circumstances, you will lose up to 80.00% of your principal amount
at maturity.
|
· |
CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE &
CO. — |
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s
ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or
potential change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s
creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for
taking that credit risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of
the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on
our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to
you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
|
· |
AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO
INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS — |
As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no
independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of
our securities. Aside from the initial capital contribution from
JPMorgan Chase & Co., substantially all of our assets relate to
obligations of our affiliates to make payments under loans made by
us or other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent
upon payments from our affiliates to meet our obligations under the
notes. If these affiliates do not make payments to us and we fail
to make payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under
the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that
guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and
unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
|
· |
YOU ARE EXPOSED TO THE RISK OF DECLINE IN THE LEVEL OF EACH
INDEX — |
Payments on the notes are not linked to a basket composed of the
Indices and are contingent upon the performance of each individual
Index. Poor performance by any of the Indices over the term of the
notes may negatively affect your payment at maturity and will not
be offset or mitigated by positive performance by any other
Index.
|
· |
YOUR PAYMENT AT MATURITY WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE LEAST
PERFORMING INDEX. |
|
· |
THE NOTES DO NOT PAY INTEREST. |
|
· |
YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE DIVIDENDS ON THE SECURITIES INCLUDED IN
ANY INDEX OR HAVE ANY RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THOSE
SECURITIES. |
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.
Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes
is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing
to buy the notes. You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes
are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly,
you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.
|
· |
THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED
IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT — |
You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on
the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the
Contingent Digital Return.
PS-4
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest
We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with
the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase &
Co.’s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests
as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading
activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes
could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while
the value of the notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors —
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying
product supplement.
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market
Prices of the Notes
|
· |
THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE
ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF THE NOTES — |
The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by
reference to several factors. The original issue price of the notes
will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs
associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are
included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs
include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any,
that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent
in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost
of hedging our obligations under the notes. See “The Estimated
Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
|
· |
THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE
VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER FROM OTHERS’ ESTIMATES
— |
See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing
supplement.
|
· |
THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO
AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE — |
The internal funding rate used in the determination of the
estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar
maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any
difference may be based on, among other things, our and our
affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the
higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs
of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional
fixed income instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal
funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions,
which may prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the
prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use
of an internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate
may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any
secondary market prices of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of
the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
|
· |
THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY
BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE
THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD
— |
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original
issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in
connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount
that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. See
“Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement
for additional information relating to this initial period.
Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial
period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by
JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account
statements).
|
· |
SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER
THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE NOTES — |
Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than
the original issue price of the notes because, among other things,
secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary
market funding rates for structured debt issuances and, also,
because secondary market prices may exclude selling commissions,
projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging costs that
are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result,
the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy the notes
from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to
be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to
the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.
|
· |
SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY
MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS — |
The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be
impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which may
either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling
commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging
costs and the levels of the Indices. Additionally, independent
pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a
price for the notes, which may also be reflected on customer
account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower)
than the price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing
to purchase your notes in the secondary market. See “Risk Factors
—
PS-5
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices
of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be
impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying
product supplement.
Risks Relating to the Indices
|
· |
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. IS CURRENTLY ONE OF THE COMPANIES
THAT MAKE UP THE S&P 500® INDEX, |
but JPMorgan Chase & Co. will not have any obligation to
consider your interests in taking any corporate action that might
affect the level of the S&P 500® Index.
|
· |
AN INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES IS SUBJECT TO RISKS ASSOCIATED
WITH SMALL CAPITALIZATION STOCKS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSELL
2000® INDEX — |
Small capitalization companies may be less able to withstand
adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative
to larger companies. Small capitalization companies are less likely
to pay dividends on their stocks, and the presence of a dividend
payment could be a factor that limits downward stock price pressure
under adverse market conditions.
|
· |
NON-U.S. SECURITIES RISK WITH RESPECT TO THE NASDAQ-100
INDEX® — |
Some of the equity securities included in the NASDAQ-100
Index® have been issued by non-U.S. companies.
Investments in securities linked to the value of such non-U.S.
equity securities involve risks associated with the home countries
of the issuers of those non-U.S. equity securities.
PS-6
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
The Indices
The S&P 500® Index consists of stocks of 500
companies selected to provide a performance benchmark for the U.S.
equity markets. For additional information about the S&P
500® Index, see “Equity Index Descriptions — The S&P
U.S. Indices” in the accompanying underlying supplement.
The Russell 2000® Index consists of the middle 2,000
companies included in the Russell 3000E™ Index and, as a result of
the index calculation methodology, consists of the smallest 2,000
companies included in the Russell 3000® Index. The
Russell 2000® Index is designed to track the performance
of the small capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market. For
additional information about the Russell 2000® Index,
see “Equity Index Descriptions — The Russell Indices” in the
accompanying underlying supplement.
The NASDAQ-100 Index®
is a modified market capitalization-weighted index of 100 of the
largest non-financial securities listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market
based on market capitalization. For additional information about
the NASDAQ-100 Index®, see “Equity Index Descriptions —
The NASDAQ-100 Index®” in the accompanying underlying
supplement.
Historical Information
The following graphs set forth the historical performance of each
Index based on the weekly historical closing levels from January 5,
2018 through January 27, 2023. The closing level of the S&P
500® Index on February 2, 2023 was 4,179.76. The closing
level of the Russell 2000® Index on February 2, 2023 was
2,001.221. The closing level of the NASDAQ-100
Index® on February 2, 2023 was 12,803.14. We
obtained the closing levels above and below from the Bloomberg
Professional® service (“Bloomberg”), without independent
verification.
The historical closing levels of each Index should not be taken as
an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given
as to the closing level of any Index on the Pricing Date or the
Observation Date. There can be no assurance that the performance of
the Indices will result in the return of any of your principal
amount in excess of $200.00 per $1,000 principal amount note,
subject to the credit risks of JPMorgan Financial and JPMorgan
Chase & Co.

PS-7
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |


Tax Treatment
You should review carefully
the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences” in the accompanying product supplement no. 4-II. The
following discussion, when read in combination with that section,
constitutes the full opinion of our special tax counsel, Davis Polk
& Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax
consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Based on current market
conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counsel it is
reasonable to treat the notes as “open transactions” that are not
debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as more
fully described in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences —
Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open
Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments” in the accompanying
product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, the gain
or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term capital gain
or loss if you hold your notes for more than a year, whether or not
you are an initial purchaser of notes at the issue price. However,
the IRS or a court may not respect this treatment, in which case
the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes could
be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury
and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S.
federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and
similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to
require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the
term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of
related topics, including the character of income or loss with
respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the
nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are
linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated
accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to
withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be
subject to the “constructive ownership” regime, which very
generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital
gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest charge.
While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules
and effective dates,
PS-8
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after
consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect
the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with
retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding
the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the
notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues
presented by this notice.
Section 871(m) of the Code
and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”)
generally impose a 30% withholding tax (unless an income tax treaty
applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S.
Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to
U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section
871(m) provides certain exceptions to this withholding regime,
including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices
that meet requirements set forth in the applicable Treasury
regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from
the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January 1,
2025 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying
securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on
certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m)
will not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders.
Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may
disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex
and its application may depend on your particular circumstances,
including whether you enter into other transactions with respect to
an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information
regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) will be
provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You should
consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of
Section 871(m) to the notes.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this
pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the
following hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt
component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the
internal funding rate described below, and (2) the derivative or
derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The
estimated value of the notes does not represent a minimum price at
which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary
market (if any exists) at any time. The internal funding rate used
in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ
from the market-implied funding rate for vanilla fixed income
instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase &
Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may be based on, among other
things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the
notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing
liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those
costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of JPMorgan
Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain
market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect, and
is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement
funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and
any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on
the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the
notes. For additional information, see “Selected Risk
Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the
Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this
pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic
terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded
market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various
other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can
include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other
factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or
environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is
determined when the terms of the notes are set based on market
conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at
that time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values
of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different
pricing models and assumptions could provide valuations for the
notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the
notes. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in
the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be
incorrect. On future dates, the value of the notes could change
significantly based on, among other things, changes in market
conditions, our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness,
interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may
impact the price, if any, at which JPMS would be willing to buy
notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original
issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling,
structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original
issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling
commissions paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated
dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect
to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations
under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations
under the notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and
may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging
may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it
may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in
hedging our obligations under the notes may be allowed to other
affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our
affiliates will retain any remaining hedging profits. See “Selected
Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the
Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public)
of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
PS-9
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
For information about factors that will impact any secondary market
prices of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the
Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes —
Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many
economic and market factors” in the accompanying product
supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs
included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially
paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes
by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial
predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions,
projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances,
estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding
rates for structured debt issuances. This initial predetermined
time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and
one-half of the stated term of the notes. The length of any such
initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our
affiliates expect to earn a profit in connection with our hedging
activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these
costs are incurred, as determined by our affiliates. See “Selected
Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Value of the Notes as
Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account
Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of
the Notes for a Limited Time Period” in this pricing
supplement.
Supplemental Use of Proceeds
The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that
reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the
notes. See “Hypothetical Payout Profile” and “How the Notes Work”
in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return
profile of the notes and “The Indices” in this pricing supplement
for a description of the market exposure provided by the notes.
The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated
value of the notes plus the selling commissions paid to JPMS and
other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the
projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize
for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the
notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the
notes.
Supplemental Plan of Distribution
We expect that delivery of the notes will be made against payment
for the notes on or about the Original Issue Date set forth on the
front cover of this pricing supplement, which will be the third
business day following the Pricing Date of the notes (this
settlement cycle being referred to as “T+3”). Under Rule 15c6-1 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, trades in the
secondary market generally are required to settle in two business
days, unless the parties to that trade expressly agree otherwise.
Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade notes on any date prior
to two business days before delivery will be required to specify an
alternate settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent
a failed settlement and should consult their own advisors.
Supplemental Information About the Form of the Notes
The notes will initially be represented by a type of global
security that we refer to as a master note. A master note
represents multiple securities that may be issued at different
times and that may have different terms. The trustee and/or
paying agent will, in accordance with instructions from us, make
appropriate entries or notations in its records relating to the
master note representing the notes to indicate that the master note
evidences the notes.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior
to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the
applicable agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or
reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In
the event of any changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify
you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with
your purchase. You may also choose to reject such changes, in which
case we may reject your offer to purchase.
You should read this pricing supplement together with the
accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying
prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of
which these notes are a part, and the more detailed information
contained in the accompanying product supplement and the
accompanying underlying supplement. This pricing supplement,
together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the
notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral
statements as well as any other written materials including
preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade
ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact
sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You
should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set
forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying prospectus
supplement, the accompanying product supplement and the
accompanying underlying supplement, as the notes involve risks not
associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to
consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers
before you invest in the notes.
PS-10
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as
follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings
for the relevant date on the SEC website):
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and
JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing
supplement, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Financial.
PS-11
| Structured Investments
Buffered Digital Notes Linked to the Least Performing of the
S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index
and the NASDAQ-100 Index®
|
 |
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