Trading Between Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg
Participants
We understand that secondary market trading between Euroclear
and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg participants will occur in the
ordinary way following the applicable rules and operating
procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg. Secondary
market trading will be settled using procedures applicable to
conventional Eurobonds in registered form for debt securities, or
such other procedures as are applicable for other securities.
Trading Between a DTC Seller and a Euroclear or Clearstream,
Luxembourg Purchaser
A purchaser of securities that are held in the account of a DTC
participant must send instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream,
Luxembourg at least one business day prior to settlement. The
instructions will provide for the transfer of the securities from
the selling DTC participant’s account to the account of the
purchasing Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg participant.
Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg, as the case may be, will then
instruct the common depositary for Euroclear and Clearstream,
Luxembourg to receive the securities either against payment or free
of payment.
The interests in the securities will be credited to the relevant
clearing system. The clearing system will then credit the account
of the participant, following its usual procedures. Credit for the
securities will appear on the next day, European time. Cash debit
will be back-valued to, and the interest on the securities will
accrue from, the value date, which would be the preceding day, when
settlement occurs in New York. If the trade fails and settlement is
not completed on the intended date, the Euroclear or Clearstream,
Luxembourg cash debit will be valued as of the actual settlement
date instead.
Euroclear participants or Clearstream, Luxembourg participants will
need the funds necessary to process same-day funds settlement. The most
direct means of doing this is to pre-position funds for settlement,
either from cash or from existing lines of credit, as for any
settlement occurring within Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg.
Under this approach, participants may take on credit exposure to
Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg until the securities are
credited to their accounts one business day later.
As an alternative, if Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg has
extended a line of credit to them, participants can choose not to
pre-position funds and will
instead allow that credit line to be drawn upon to finance
settlement. Under this procedure, Euroclear participants or
Clearstream, Luxembourg participants purchasing securities would
incur overdraft charges for one business day (assuming they cleared
the overdraft as soon as the securities were credited to their
accounts). However, interest on the securities would accrue from
the value date. Therefore, in many cases, the investment income on
securities that is earned during that one business day period may
substantially reduce or offset the amount of the overdraft charges.
This result will, however, depend on each participant’s particular
cost of funds.
Because the settlement will take place during New York business
hours, DTC participants will use their usual procedures to deliver
securities to the depositary on behalf of Euroclear participants or
Clearstream, Luxembourg participants. The sale proceeds will be
available to the DTC seller on the settlement date. For the DTC
participants, then, a cross-market transaction will settle no
differently than a trade between two DTC participants.
Special Timing Considerations
You should be aware that investors will be able to make and receive
deliveries, payments and other communications involving the
securities through Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear only on
days when those systems are open for business. Those systems may
not be open for business on days when banks, brokers and other
institutions are open for business in the United States.
In addition, because of time-zone differences, there may be
problems with completing transactions involving Clearstream,
Luxembourg and Euroclear on the same business day as in the United
States. U.S. investors who wish to transfer their interests in the
securities, or to receive or make a payment or delivery of the
securities, on a particular day, may find that the transactions
will not be performed until the next business day in Luxembourg or
Brussels, depending on whether Clearstream, Luxembourg or Euroclear
is used.
-56-