ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, we may from time to time sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a maximum aggregate initial offering price of $50,000,000.
This prospectus provides you with general information regarding the securities we may offer. We will provide a prospectus supplement that contains specific information about any offering by us. The prospectus supplement also may add, update, or change information contained in the prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and the prospectus supplement related to any offering, as well as the additional information described under the headings “Information Incorporated by Reference” and “Where You Can Find More Information.”
We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus and in any accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date indicated on their respective cover pages, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or of any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement, provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date — for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement — the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.
As used in this prospectus, references to “Remark Holdings,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Remark Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, excluding the VIEs.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This summary may not contain all the information that you should consider before determining whether to invest in our securities. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the information included in the “Risk Factors” section, as well as our consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and the other information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before making an investment decision.
Business Overview
Remark Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (“Remark”, “we”, “us”, or “our”), and its consolidated variable-interest entities, are primarily technology-focused. The KanKan data intelligence platform that we and the VIEs have developed serves as the basis for our development and deployment of artificial-intelligence-based solutions for businesses in many industries and geographies. We also own and operate an e-commerce digital media property focused on a luxury beach lifestyle.
We were originally incorporated in Delaware in March 2006 as HSW International, Inc., we changed our name to Remark Media, Inc. in December 2011, and as our business continued to evolve, we changed our name to Remark Holdings, Inc. in April 2017.
Our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol MARK. Our website is www.remarkholdings.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus.
Corporate Structure
We are a holding company incorporated in Delaware and not a Chinese operating company. As a holding company, we conduct a significant part of our operations through our subsidiaries and through contractual arrangements with the VIEs based in China. We use the VIE structure to address challenges resulting from laws, policies and practices that may disfavor foreign-owned entities that operate within industries deemed sensitive by the Chinese government. We own 100% of the equity of a WFOE, which has entered into contractual arrangements with the VIEs, which are owned by members of our management team in China and/or by third parties. As a result of our use of the VIE structure, you may never directly hold equity interests in any of the VIEs. Any securities we offer pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement will be securities of Remark Holdings, Inc., the Delaware holding company, not of the VIEs.
We fund the registered capital and operating expenses of the VIEs on behalf of the shareholders of the VIEs by making advances to , or on behalf of, the VIEs. We believe that we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs because the contractual arrangements governing the relationship between the VIEs and our WFOE, which include an exclusive call option agreement, exclusive business cooperation agreement, a proxy agreement and an equity pledge agreement, enable us to (i) exercise effective control over the VIEs, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIEs, and (iii) have an exclusive call option to purchase, at any time, all or part of the equity interests in and/or assets of the VIEs to the extent permitted by Chinese laws. Because these contractual arrangements with the VIEs provide us with the power to direct the activities of the VIEs, for accounting purposes we are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and we have consolidated the financial results of the VIEs in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The agreements governing the VIE contractual arrangements have not been tested in a court of law. However, an article published in China Business Law Journal indicated that a China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (“CIETAC”) Shanghai tribunal ruled in 2010 and 2011 in two related cases involving
the contractual arrangement of an online game operating company that the contractual arrangement was void on the grounds that such arrangement violated the mandatory administrative regulations prohibiting foreign investors from investing in the online game operation business and constituted “concealing illegal intentions with a lawful form.” According to publicly available information, while the agreements entered into by the parties in the aforementioned CIETAC cases are typical VIE agreements, the PRC domestic company involved in such cases was mainly engaged in online game operation. Although the PRC foreign investment regime restricts or prohibits foreign investment in certain industries, online game operation is one of few industries where there are rules specifically prohibiting foreign investors from controlling and participating in the business indirectly through contractual or technical support arrangements. Though the agreements in the CIETAC cases are similar to our contractual arrangements with the VIEs, we and the VIEs do not operate in the online game operation industry and, to our knowledge, the business conducted by the VIEs is not prohibited from investment from foreign investors in China. We also note that the rulings in the CIETAC cases are not binding on Chinese courts or other arbitration tribunals.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our significant subsidiaries, and the relationship between our WFOE and the VIEs as of the date of this prospectus. The diagram omits certain entities which are immaterial to our results of operations and financial condition. Equity interests depicted in this diagram are 100% owned. The relationships between each of Chengdu Remark Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Shufeng Technology Co., Ltd., Remark Data Technology Co., Ltd. and Bonet (Beijing) Technology LLC, which constitute the VIEs, on the one hand, and KanKan Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., our WFOE, on the other hand, as illustrated in the following diagram are governed by contractual arrangements and do not constitute equity ownership.
Because we do not directly hold equity interests in the VIEs, we are subject to risks and uncertainties of the interpretations and applications of Chinese laws and regulations, including but not limited to, the validity and enforcement of the contractual arrangements among the WFOE, the VIEs and the shareholders of the VIEs. We are also subject to the risks and uncertainties about any future actions of the Chinese government in this regard that
could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and may cause the value of our common stock to depreciate significantly or become worthless.
The contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control and we face contractual exposure in such arrangements. For instance, the VIEs and their shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. The shareholders of the VIEs may not act in the best interests of our Company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate certain portions of our business through the contractual arrangements with the VIEs. In the event that the VIEs or their shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. In addition, even if legal actions are taken to enforce such arrangements, there is uncertainty as to whether Chinese courts would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a significant portion of our business operations. These arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control. Any failure by the VIEs or their shareholders to perform their obligations under such contractual arrangements would have a material and adverse effect on our business.”
We are subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with having a significant portion of our operations in China. Chinese laws and regulations governing our current business operations, including the enforcement of such laws and regulations, are sometimes vague and uncertain and can change quickly with little advance notice. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations and the operations of the VIEs at any time and may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities. In addition, any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significant limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Recently, the Chinese government adopted a series of regulatory actions and issued statements to regulate business operations in China, including those related to the use of variable interest entities, data security and anti-monopoly concerns. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor the VIEs have been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by any Chinese regulatory authority, nor has any of them received any inquiry, notice or sanction. As of the date of this prospectus, no relevant laws or regulations in China explicitly require us to seek approval from the CSRC for any securities listing. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor the VIEs have received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our planned overseas listing from the CSRC or any other Chinese governmental authorities relating to securities listings. However, since these statements and regulatory actions are newly published, official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued. It is highly uncertain what potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our ability to conduct our business, accept investments or list or maintain a listing on a U.S. or foreign exchange.
As of the date of this prospectus, we and the VIEs are not required to seek permissions from the CSRC, the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”), or any other entity that is required to approve of the operations of the VIEs. Nevertheless, Chinese regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implement rules that require us, our subsidiaries or the VIEs to obtain permissions from such regulatory authorities to approve the operations of the VIEs or any securities listing.
Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall
prohibit such shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the United States. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report on its determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China and in Hong Kong because of positions taken by Chinese and Hong Kong authorities in those jurisdictions. The PCAOB has made such determination as mandated under the HFCA Act. Pursuant to each annual determination by the PCAOB, the SEC will, on an annual basis, identify issuers that have used non-inspected audit firms and thus are at risk of such suspensions in the future.
Our auditor, Weinberg & Company, an independent registered public accounting firm headquartered in the United States, is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. Our auditor is currently subject to PCAOB inspections and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis. However, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the work papers of our accounting firm in the future, such lack of inspection could cause trading in our common stock to be prohibited under the HFCA Act, and as a result, an exchange may determine to delist our common stock. The delisting and the cessation of trading of our common stock, or the threat of our common stock being delisted and prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditors, and as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our securities.”
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully all of the information contained in this prospectus before making an investment in our securities. The following list summarizes some, but not all, of these risks. Please read the information in the section titled “Risk Factors” for a more thorough description of these and other risks.
Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure
•We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a significant portion of our business operations. These arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control. Any failure by the VIEs or their shareholders to perform their obligations under such contractual arrangements would have a material and adverse effect on our business.
•If the Chinese government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with Chinese regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, our common stock may decline in value or become worthless if we are unable to assert our contractual control rights over the assets of the VIEs that constitute a significant portion of our operations.
•The shareholders of the VIEs may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
•The contractual arrangements with the VIEs may be subject to scrutiny by China’s tax authorities. Any adjustment of related party transaction pricing could lead to additional taxes, and therefore substantially reduce our consolidated net income and the value of your investment.
Risks Relating to Doing Business in China
•Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions, as well as possible interventions and influences of any government policies and actions, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and the value of our common stock.
•Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could adversely affect us.
•We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and any failure to comply with Chinese laws and regulations over data security could result in materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations and the value of our common stock.
•Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditors, and as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our securities.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
•Our stock price has fluctuated considerably and is likely to remain volatile, and various factors could negatively affect the market price or market for our common stock.
•The concentration of our stock ownership may limit individual stockholder ability to influence corporate matters.
•A significant number of additional shares of our common stock may be issued under the terms of existing securities, which issuances would substantially dilute existing stockholders and may depress the market price of our common stock.
•Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of Remark more difficult, which acquisition may be beneficial to stockholders.
Transfer of Cash or Assets
Dividend Distributions
As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries or any of the consolidated VIEs have made any dividends or distributions to our Company.
We have never declared or paid dividends or distributions on our common equity. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future consolidated earnings to fund our operations and continue the development and growth of our business; therefore, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends.
Under Delaware law, a Delaware corporation’s ability to pay cash dividends on its capital stock requires the corporation to have either net profits or positive net assets (total assets less total liabilities) over its capital. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our common stock in the future, as a holding company, we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity from our WFOE for cash requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash contributions to our stockholders.
Our WFOE’s ability to distribute dividends is based upon its distributable earnings. Current Chinese regulations permit our WFOE to pay dividends to their shareholders only out of its registered capital amount, if any, as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations, and then only after meeting the statutory reserve equal to 50% of registered capital. If our WFOE incurs debt in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us. Any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to distribute dividends or other payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business. In addition, any cash dividends or distributions of assets by our WFOE to its stockholder are subject to a Chinese withholding tax of as much as 10%.
The Chinese government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of China. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any. If we are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through the current VIE contractual arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our common stock.
For us to pay dividends to our stockholders, we will rely on payments made from the VIEs to our WFOE in accordance with the VIE contractual arrangements, and the distribution of payments from the WFOE to the Delaware holding company as dividends. Certain payments from the VIEs to the WFOE pursuant to the VIE contractual arrangements are subject to Chinese taxes, including a 6% VAT and 25% enterprise income tax.
Our Company’s Ability to Settle Amounts Owed under the VIE Contractual Arrangements
Under the VIE contractual arrangements, the VIEs are obligated to make payments to our WFOE, in cash or in kind, at the WFOE’s request. We will be able to settle amounts owed under the VIE contractual arrangements through dividends paid by our WFOE to our Company. Such ability may be restricted or limited as follows:
First, any payments from the VIEs to our WFOE are subject to Chinese taxes, including a 6% VAT and 25% enterprise income tax.
Second, current Chinese regulations permit our WFOE to pay dividends to their shareholders only out of its registered capital amount, if any, as determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations, and then only after meeting the statutory reserve equal to 50% of registered capital. In addition, if our WFOE incurs debt in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other payments to the Delaware holding company.
Third, the Chinese government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of China. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from profits, if any.
Condensed Consolidating Financial Schedule s
The following tables depict the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the Delaware parent, Remark Holdings, Inc., the WFOE, the other owned operating subsidiaries, the consolidated VIEs and any eliminating adjustments separately, as of the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements are required.
We fund the registered capital and operating expenses of the VIEs on behalf of the shareholders of the VIEs by making advances to, or on behalf of, the VIEs. The contractual arrangements governing the relationship between the VIEs and our WFOE, which include an exclusive call option agreement, exclusive business cooperation agreement, a proxy agreement and an equity pledge agreement, enable us to (i) exercise effective control over the VIEs, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIEs, and (iii) have an exclusive call option to purchase, at any time, all or part of the equity interests in and/or assets of the VIEs to the extent permitted by Chinese laws. Specifically, the exclusive business cooperation agreement allows the WFOE to charge a fee to the VIEs equal to as much as 95% of their net income. Accordingly, we have determined that our interests, both directly and indirectly from these VIEs, represent rights to returns that could potentially be significant to such VIEs.
Since the exclusive business cooperation agreement gives us discretion regarding when to charge a fee to the VIEs and the VIEs have a significant accumulated deficit, we have not yet begun to charge fees to the VIEs. We, therefore, have not recorded intercompany revenue or expense related to the exclusive business cooperation agreement.
The VIEs currently use all of their cash for operations and do not currently have cash reserves equal to 50% of their registered capital. Therefore, the VIEs do not currently have the ability to pay amounts due to us or to the WFOE. The inability of the VIEs to pay amounts due to us or to the WFOE, and the uncertainty regarding the timing of when they may gain the ability to pay, any cash that we or the WFOE advance to or on behalf of the VIEs is recorded as an increase to the investment in VIEs rather than as intercompany loans or intercompany accounts receivable/accounts payable. The following tables do not, therefore, reflect any intercompany balances other than the investments themselves and the liability for VIE losses in excess of investment (as described after the tables below). Additionally, cash currently only flows from us, the WFOE or our other owned operating subsidiaries to the VIEs; it does not flow in the opposite direction.
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| REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES |
| Consolidating Balance Sheets (Unaudited) |
| As of December 31, 2021 |
| ($ in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries | | VIEs | | Eliminating Entries | | Consolidated Total |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash | $ | 13,239 | | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 682 | | | $ | 240 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,187 | |
| Trade accounts receivable | 17 | | | 2 | | | 14 | | | 10,234 | | | — | | | 10,267 | |
| Inventory, net | 1,288 | | | — | | | — | | | 58 | | | — | | | 1,346 | |
| Investment in marketable securities | 42,349 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42,349 | |
| Prepaid expense and other current assets | 1,710 | | | 111 | | | 17 | | | 4,525 | | | — | | | 6,363 | |
| Total current assets | 58,603 | | | 139 | | | 713 | | | 15,057 | | | — | | | 74,512 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 328 | | | — | | | 29 | | | — | | | — | | | 357 | |
| Operating lease assets | 113 | | | — | | | — | | | 81 | | | — | | | 194 | |
| Investment in WFOE | — | | | — | | | 3,089 | | | — | | | (3,089) | | | — | |
| Investment in other owned operating subsidiaries | 4,437 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,437) | | | — | |
| Investment in VIEs | 8,801 | | | — | | | 1,644 | | | — | | | (10,445) | | | — | |
| Other long-term assets | 416 | | | — | | | — | | | 24 | | | — | | | 440 | |
| Total Assets | $ | 72,698 | | | $ | 139 | | | $ | 5,475 | | | $ | 15,162 | | | $ | (17,971) | | | $ | 75,503 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 3,169 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 450 | | | $ | 6,475 | | | $ | — | | | 10,094 | |
| Accrued expense and other current liabilities | 2,665 | | | 127 | | | 588 | | | 2,583 | | | — | | | 5,963 | |
| Contract liability | 80 | | | 331 | | | — | | | 165 | | | — | | | 576 | |
| Notes payable, net | 27,811 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27,811 | |
| WFOE losses in excess of investment | 7,914 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (7,914) | | | — | |
| VIE losses in excess of investment | — | | | 4,506 | | | — | | | — | | | (4,506) | | | — | |
| Total current liabilities | 41,639 | | | 4,964 | | | 1,038 | | | 9,223 | | | (12,420) | | | 44,444 | |
| Operating lease liabilities - long term | 25 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 25 | |
| Total Liabilities | 41,664 | | | 4,964 | | | 1,038 | | | 9,223 | | | (12,420) | | | 44,469 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common stock | 105 | | | — | | | — | | | 163 | | | (163) | | | 105 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 364,239 | | | 19,899 | | | 42,627 | | | 28,310 | | | (90,836) | | | 364,239 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (270) | | | (318) | | | 160 | | | (1,268) | | | 1,426 | | | (270) | |
| Accumulated deficit | (333,040) | | | (24,406) | | | (38,350) | | | (21,266) | | | 84,022 | | | (333,040) | |
| Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | 31,034 | | | (4,825) | | | 4,437 | | | 5,939 | | | (5,551) | | | 31,034 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit) | $ | 72,698 | | | $ | 139 | | | $ | 5,475 | | | $ | 15,162 | | | $ | (17,971) | | | $ | 75,503 | |
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| REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES |
| Consolidating Balance Sheets (Unaudited) |
| As of December 31, 2020 |
| ($ in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries | | VIEs | | Eliminating Entries | | Consolidated Total |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash | $ | 550 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 278 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 854 | |
| Trade accounts receivable | 175 | | | 2 | | | — | | | 4,850 | | | — | | | 5,027 | |
| Inventory, net | 762 | | | — | | | — | | | 112 | | | — | | | 874 | |
| Prepaid expense and other current assets | 1,792 | | | (2) | | | 5 | | | 248 | | | — | | | 2,043 | |
| Total current assets | 3,279 | | | 17 | | | 14 | | | 5,488 | | | — | | | 8,798 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 278 | | | — | | | — | | | 43 | | | — | | | 321 | |
| Operating lease assets | 204 | | | 7 | | | — | | | 281 | | | — | | | 492 | |
| Investment in WFOE | — | | | — | | | 3,089 | | | — | | | (3,089) | | | — | |
| Investment in other owned operating subsidiaries | 4,069 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,069) | | | — | |
| Investment in VIEs | 2,814 | | | — | | | 1,654 | | | — | | | (4,468) | | | — | |
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliate | 1,030 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,030 | |
| Other long-term assets | 587 | | | — | | | 15 | | | 68 | | | — | | | 670 | |
| Total Assets | $ | 12,261 | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 4,772 | | | $ | 5,880 | | | $ | (11,626) | | | $ | 11,311 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 4,275 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 659 | | | $ | 3,655 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 8,589 | |
| Accrued expense and other current liabilities | 2,586 | | | 248 | | | 44 | | | 3,782 | | | — | | | 6,660 | |
| Contract liability | 163 | | | — | | | — | | | 147 | | | — | | | 310 | |
| Notes payable, net | 1,500 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,500 | |
| WFOE losses in excess of investment | 9,564 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (9,564) | | | — | |
| VIE losses in excess of investment | — | | | 6,251 | | | — | | | — | | | (6,251) | | | — | |
| Total current liabilities | 18,088 | | | 6,499 | | | 703 | | | 7,584 | | | (15,815) | | | 17,059 | |
| Operating lease liabilities - long term | 115 | | | — | | | — | | | 79 | | | — | | | 194 | |
| Warrant liability | 1,725 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,725 | |
| Long- term debt, net | 1,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,425 | |
| Total Liabilities | 21,353 | | | 6,499 | | | 703 | | | 7,663 | | | (15,815) | | | 20,403 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common stock | 100 | | | — | | | — | | | 163 | | | (163) | | | 100 | |
| Additional paid-in-capital | 351,546 | | | 19,137 | | | 40,497 | | | 21,586 | | | (81,220) | | | 351,546 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (226) | | | (259) | | | 159 | | | (959) | | | 1,059 | | | (226) | |
| Accumulated deficit | (360,512) | | | (25,353) | | | (36,587) | | | (22,573) | | | 84,513 | | | (360,512) | |
| Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | (9,092) | | | (6,475) | | | 4,069 | | | (1,783) | | | 4,189 | | | (9,092) | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit) | $ | 12,261 | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 4,772 | | | $ | 5,880 | | | $ | (11,626) | | | $ | 11,311 | |
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| REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES |
| Consolidating Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| ($ in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries | | VIEs | | Eliminating Entries | | Consolidated Total |
| Revenue | $ | 3,387 | | | $ | 268 | | | $ | 385 | | | $ | 11,950 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 15,990 | |
| Cost and expense | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 1,786 | | | 314 | | | 85 | | | 9,270 | | | — | | | 11,455 | |
| Sales and marketing | 264 | | | 152 | | | 274 | | | 281 | | | — | | | 971 | |
| Marketing expense (recovery) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,530) | | | — | | | (1,530) | |
| Technology and development | 1,630 | | | — | | | 1,288 | | | 1,774 | | | — | | | 4,692 | |
| General and administrative | 12,667 | | | 165 | | | 491 | | | 797 | | | — | | | 14,120 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 133 | | | — | | | 10 | | | 48 | | | — | | | 191 | |
| Total cost and expense | 16,480 | | | 631 | | | 2,148 | | | 10,640 | | | — | | | 29,899 | |
| Operating income (loss) | (13,093) | | | (363) | | | (1,763) | | | 1,310 | | | — | | | (13,909) | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense | (2,298) | | | — | | | — | | | (10) | | | — | | | (2,308) | |
| Other income (expense), net | (601) | | | 3 | | | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | (592) | |
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | 123 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 123 | |
| Gain on investment revaluation | 43,642 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 43,642 | |
| Gain on debt extinguishment | 425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 425 | |
| Other gain | 90 | | | — | | | — | | | 10 | | | — | | | 100 | |
| Share in net income of WFOE | 947 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (947) | | | — | |
| Share in net loss of other owned operating subsidiaries | (1,763) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,763 | | | — | |
| Share in net income of VIEs | — | | | 1,307 | | | — | | | — | | | (1,307) | | | — | |
| Total other income (expense), net | 40,565 | | | 1,310 | | | — | | | 6 | | | (491) | | | 41,390 | |
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | 27,472 | | | $ | 947 | | | $ | (1,763) | | | $ | 1,316 | | | $ | (491) | | | $ | 27,481 | |
| Provision for income taxes | — | | | — | | | — | | | (9) | | | — | | | (9) | |
| Net income (loss) | $ | 27,472 | | | $ | 947 | | | $ | (1,763) | | | $ | 1,307 | | | $ | (491) | | | $ | 27,472 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | | | 260 | | | 4 | | | (313) | | | 5 | | | (44) | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 27,472 | | | $ | 1,207 | | | $ | (1,759) | | | $ | 994 | | | $ | (486) | | | $ | 27,428 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES |
| Consolidating Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| ($ in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries | | VIEs | | Eliminating Entries | | Consolidated Total |
| Revenue | $ | 1,731 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 513 | | | $ | 7,876 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 10,145 | |
| Cost and expense | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cost of revenue (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 1,068 | | | — | | | 22 | | | 5,332 | | | — | | | 6,422 | |
| Sales and marketing | 327 | | | 130 | | | 1,002 | | | 1,919 | | | — | | | 3,378 | |
| Technology and development | 2,475 | | | — | | | 59 | | | 1,608 | | | — | | | 4,142 | |
| General and administrative | 8,282 | | | 245 | | | 379 | | | 462 | | | — | | | 9,368 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 80 | | | 1 | | | 82 | | | 145 | | | — | | | 308 | |
| Impairments | 100 | | | — | | | 309 | | | 363 | | | — | | | 772 | |
| Total cost and expense | 12,332 | | | 376 | | | 1,853 | | | 9,829 | | | — | | | 24,390 | |
| Operating loss | (10,601) | | | (351) | | | (1,340) | | | (1,953) | | | — | | | (14,245) | |
| Other income (expense) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense | (1,306) | | | — | | | — | | | (36) | | | — | | | (1,342) | |
| Other income (expense), net | (2) | | | 7 | | | — | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | |
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | (1,610) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,610) | |
| Gain on lease termination | 3,582 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,582 | |
| Other loss | (8) | | | (57) | | | (5) | | | — | | | — | | | (70) | |
| Share in net loss of WFOE | (2,395) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,395 | | | — | |
| Share in net loss of other owned operating subsidiaries | (1,345) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,345 | | | — | |
| Share in net loss of VIEs | — | | | (1,994) | | | — | | | — | | | 1,994 | | | — | |
| Total other income (expense), net | (3,084) | | | (2,044) | | | (5) | | | (41) | | | 5,734 | | | 560 | |
| Loss from operations | $ | (13,685) | | | $ | (2,395) | | | $ | (1,345) | | | $ | (1,994) | | | $ | 5,734 | | | $ | (13,685) | |
| Provision for income taxes | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Net loss | $ | (13,685) | | | $ | (2,395) | | | $ | (1,345) | | | $ | (1,994) | | | $ | 5,734 | | | $ | (13,685) | |
| Other comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | | | 637 | | | 5 | | | (660) | | | 19 | | | 1 | |
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (13,685) | | | $ | (1,758) | | | $ | (1,340) | | | $ | (2,654) | | | $ | 5,753 | | | $ | (13,684) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES |
| Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| ($ in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries | | VIEs | | Eliminating Entries | | Consolidated Total |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | $ | 27,472 | | | $ | 947 | | | $ | (1,763) | | | $ | 1,307 | | | $ | (491) | | | $ | 27,472 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of warrant liability | (123) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (123) | |
Depreciation, amortization and impairments | 133 | | | — | | | 10 | | | 48 | | | — | | | 191 | |
Share-based compensation | 4,060 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,060 | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount | 880 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 880 | |
Gain on investment in marketable securities | (43,642) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (43,642) | |
Gain on debt extinguishment | (425) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (425) | |
| Share in net income of WFOE | (947) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 947 | | | — | |
| Share in net loss of other owned operating subsidiaries | 1,763 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,763) | | | — | |
| Share in net income of VIEs | — | | | (1,307) | | | — | | | — | | | 1,307 | | | — | |
| Financing cost of converting note payable to common stock | 44 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 44 | |
| Provision for doubtful accounts | — | | | — | | | — | | | 297 | | | — | | | 297 | |
Other | 41 | | | 258 | | | 17 | | | (286) | | | — | | | 30 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
Accounts receivable | 156 | | | — | | | (12) | | | (5,877) | | | — | | | (5,733) | |
| Inventory | (526) | | | — | | | (1) | | | 54 | | | — | | | (473) | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 260 | | | (107) | | | (13) | | | (4,260) | | | — | | | (4,120) | |
Operating lease assets | 91 | | | 7 | | | — | | | 195 | | | — | | | 293 | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expense and other liabilities | (1,086) | | | (114) | | | 335 | | | 1,832 | | | — | | | 967 | |
Contract liability | (69) | | | 325 | | | — | | | 21 | | | — | | | 277 | |
Operating lease liabilities | (90) | | | — | | | — | | | (79) | | | — | | | (169) | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (12,008) | | | 9 | | | (1,427) | | | (6,748) | | | — | | | (20,174) | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from investment | 2,322 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,322 | |
Purchases of property, equipment and software | (183) | | | — | | | (40) | | | — | | | — | | | (223) | |
| Other cash outflows resulting from transactions with WFOE, net | (754) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 754 | | | — | |
| Other cash outflows resulting from transactions with other owned operating subsidiaries, net | (2,140) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,140 | | | — | |
| Other cash outflows resulting from transactions with VIEs, net | (5,956) | | | (754) | | | — | | | — | | | 6,710 | | | — | |
Net cash used in investing activities | (6,711) | | | (754) | | | (40) | | | — | | | 9,604 | | | 2,099 | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 5,692 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,692 | |
Proceeds from debt issuance | 32,216 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 32,216 | |
Repayments of debt | (6,500) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (6,500) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other cash inflows resulting from transactions with corporate, net | — | | | 754 | | | 2,140 | | | 5,956 | | | (8,850) | | | — | |
| Other cash inflows resulting from transactions with WFOE , net | — | | | — | | | — | | | 754 | | | (754) | | | — | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 31,408 | | | 754 | | | 2,140 | | | 6,710 | | | (9,604) | | | 31,408 | |
Net change in cash | 12,689 | | | 9 | | | 673 | | | (38) | | | — | | | 13,333 | |
Cash: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | 550 | | | 17 | | | 9 | | | 278 | | | — | | | 854 | |
End of period | $ | 13,239 | | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 682 | | | $ | 240 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,187 | |
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| REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. & SUBSIDIARIES |
| Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| ($ in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries | | VIEs | | Eliminating Entries | | Consolidated Total |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | $ | (13,685) | | | $ | (2,395) | | | $ | (1,345) | | | $ | (1,994) | | | $ | 5,734 | | | $ | (13,685) | |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of warrant liability | 1,610 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,610 | |
Depreciation, amortization and impairments | 79 | | | 1 | | | 82 | | | 146 | | | — | | | 308 | |
Share-based compensation | 797 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 797 | |
| Gain on lease termination | (3,582) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,582) | |
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets | 8 | | | 27 | | | 6 | | | 36 | | | — | | | 77 | |
Loss on impairment of intangible assets | 100 | | | — | | | 309 | | | 363 | | | — | | | 772 | |
| Share in net loss of WFOE | 2,395 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2,395) | | | — | |
| Share in net loss of other owned operating subsidiaries | 1,345 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,345) | | | — | |
| Share in net loss of VIEs | — | | | 1,994 | | | — | | | — | | | (1,994) | | | — | |
Other | 310 | | | 646 | | | (11) | | | (676) | | | — | | | 269 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | (174) | | | 66 | | | 38 | | | (2,755) | | | — | | | (2,825) | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (1,926) | | | 24 | | | 2 | | | 1,121 | | | — | | | (779) | |
Operating lease assets | (66) | | | 130 | | | 91 | | | (82) | | | — | | | 73 | |
Accounts payable | (91) | | | (55) | | | (215) | | | (559) | | | — | | | (920) | |
Contract liability | 164 | | | (120) | | | — | | | (71) | | | — | | | (27) | |
Operating lease liabilities | (76) | | | (61) | | | — | | | 2 | | | — | | | (135) | |
Net cash used in operating activities | (12,792) | | | 257 | | | (1,043) | | | (4,469) | | | — | | | (18,047) | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of property, equipment and software | (290) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (290) | |
| Other cash outflows resulting from transactions with WFOE, net | (3,605) | | | — | | | (196) | | | — | | | 3,801 | | | — | |
| Other cash outflows resulting from transactions with other owned operating subsidiaries, net | (1,102) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,102 | | | — | |
| Other cash outflows resulting from transactions with VIEs, net | (566) | | | (4,132) | | | — | | | — | | | 4,698 | | | — | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (5,563) | | | (4,132) | | | (196) | | | — | | | 9,601 | | | (290) | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 32,135 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 32,135 | |
Proceeds from debt issuance | 1,425 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,425 | |
Repayments of debt | (13,781) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (13,781) | |
| Payment of contingent consideration in business acquisitions | (860) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (860) | |
| Other cash inflows resulting from transactions with corporate, net | — | | | 3,605 | | | 1,102 | | | 566 | | | (5,273) | | | — | |
| Other cash inflows resulting from transactions with WFOE, net | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,132 | | | (4,132) | | | — | |
| Other cash inflows resulting from transactions with other operating subsidiaries, net | — | | | 196 | | | — | | | — | | | (196) | | | — | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 18,919 | | | 3,801 | | | 1,102 | | | 4,698 | | | (9,601) | | | 18,919 | |
Net change in cash | 564 | | | (74) | | | (137) | | | 229 | | | — | | | 582 | |
Cash: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | (14) | | | 91 | | | 146 | | | 49 | | | — | | | 272 | |
End of period | $ | 550 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 278 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 854 | |
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Investment in VIEs/VIE Losses in Excess of Investment
As we have been building our artificial intelligence business, the VIEs have been incurring net losses from operations in excess of the amounts we have advanced to the VIEs. Since we have committed to funding the VIEs to continue growing the business, we show as a liability the amount by which the accumulated net losses of the VIEs exceed our investment in the VIEs. The following table rolls forward the balance of VIE losses in excess of investment:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate | | WFOE | | Other Owned Operating Subsidiaries |
| Investment in VIEs/(VIE losses in excess of investment), December 31, 2020 | $ | 2,814 | | | $ | (6,251) | | | $ | 1,654 | |
| Cash provided to VIEs | 5,956 | | | 754 | | | — | |
| Share in net income of VIEs | — | | | 1,307 | | | — | |
| Share in accumulated other comprehensive income of VIEs | — | | | (313) | | | — | |
| Other | 31 | | | (3) | | | (10) | |
| Investment in VIEs/(VIE losses in excess of investment), December 31, 2021 | $ | 8,801 | | | $ | (4,506) | | | $ | 1,644 | |
Our Address
Our principal executive offices are located at 800 S. Commerce Street, Las Vegas, NV 89106, and our telephone number is (702) 701-9514.
Before you invest in any of the securities offered hereby, you should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus, including matters set forth under the heading “Risk Factors.”
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as those set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as well as the other information set forth in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of may become important factors that affect us. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results may suffer, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure
We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a significant portion of our business operations. These arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control. Any failure by the VIEs or their shareholders to perform their obligations under such contractual arrangements would have a material and adverse effect on our business.
We have relied on contractual arrangements with the VIEs to operate our business in China. The revenues contributed by the VIEs constituted a majority of our total revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over the VIEs and we face contractual exposure in such arrangements. For instance, the VIEs and their shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. If we had direct ownership of the VIEs, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIEs, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current VIE contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIEs and their shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over the VIEs. The shareholders of the VIEs may not act in the best interests of our Company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate certain portions of our business through the contractual arrangements with the VIEs.
In the event that the VIEs or their shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. For example, if the shareholders of a VIE refuse to transfer their equity interest in the VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they otherwise act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations. In addition, if any third parties claim any interest in such shareholders’ equity interests in the VIEs, our ability to exercise shareholders’ rights or foreclose the share pledge according to the contractual arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between the shareholders of the VIEs and third parties were to impair our control over the VIEs, our ability to consolidate the financial results of the VIEs would be affected, which would in turn result in a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.
If the Chinese government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with Chinese regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, our common stock may decline in value or become worthless if we are unable to assert our contractual control rights over the assets of the VIEs that constitute a significant portion of our operations.
Recently, the Chinese government adopted a series of regulatory actions and issued statements to regulate business operations in China, including those related to variable interest entities. These recent statements indicate an
intent by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. As of the date of this prospectus, there are no relevant laws or regulations in China that prohibit our Company or any of our subsidiaries from listing or offering securities in the United States. However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the Chinese government are newly published, official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued. Future action taken by the Chinese government could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our common stock to significantly depreciate or become worthless. In addition, although we believe that our corporate structure and the VIE contractual arrangements comply with current applicable Chinese laws and regulations, in the event that the Chinese government determines that the contractual arrangements constituting part of the VIE structure do not comply with Chinese regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we may be unable to assert our contractual control rights over the assets of the VIEs, and our common stock may decline in value or become worthless.
The shareholders of the VIEs may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any conflicts between the shareholders of the VIEs and us. However, the shareholders of the VIEs may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us in the future. These shareholders may refuse to sign or breach, or cause the VIEs to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and the VIEs, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control the VIEs and receive economic benefits from the VIEs. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIEs to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our Company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our Company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and these shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
The contractual arrangements with the VIEs may be subject to scrutiny by China’s tax authorities. Any adjustment of related party transaction pricing could lead to additional taxes, and therefore substantially reduce our consolidated net income and the value of your investment.
The tax regime in China is rapidly evolving and there is significant uncertainty for Chinese taxpayers as Chinese tax laws may be interpreted in significantly different ways. China’s tax authorities may assert that we or the VIEs or their shareholders are required to pay additional taxes on previous or future revenue or income. In particular, under applicable Chinese laws, rules and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties, such as the contractual arrangements with the VIEs, may be subject to audit or challenge by China’s tax authorities. If China’s tax authorities determine that any contractual arrangements were not entered into on an arm’s length basis and therefore constitute a favorable transfer pricing, the China tax liabilities of the relevant subsidiaries, VIEs or the shareholders of the VIEs could be increased, which could increase our overall tax liabilities. In addition, China’s tax authorities may impose interest on late payments. Our net income may be materially reduced if our tax liabilities increase. It is uncertain whether any new China laws, rules or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what they would provide.
If we or any of the VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future China laws, rules or regulations, or if we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant China regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with these violations or failures, including revoking the business and operating licenses of the VIEs, requiring us to discontinue or restrict our operations, restricting our right to collect revenue, blocking one or more of our websites, requiring us to restructure our operations or taking other regulatory or enforcement actions against us. The imposition of any of these measures could result in a
material adverse effect on our ability to conduct all or any portion of our business operations. In addition, it is unclear what impact Chinese government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of any of the VIEs in our consolidated financial statements, if Chinese governmental authorities were to find our legal structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of Chinese laws, rules and regulations. If the imposition of any governmental actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of any of the VIEs or otherwise separate from any of these entities, and if we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of the VIEs in our consolidated financial statements. Any of these events would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to Doing Business in China
Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions, as well as possible interventions and influences of any government policies and actions, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and the value of our common stock.
A significant portion of our operations are conducted through our WFOE and the China-based VIEs. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic, social conditions and government policies in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. COVID-19 had a severe and negative impact on Chinese and global economy in 2020. Whether this will lead to a prolonged downturn in the economy is still unknown. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and operating results.
Furthermore, our Company, our subsidiaries, the VIEs and our investors may face uncertainty about future actions by the government of China that could significantly affect the VIEs’ financial performance and operations, including the enforceability of the VIE contractual arrangements. Chinese laws and regulations, including the enforcement of such laws and regulations, can change quickly with little advance notice. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations and the operations of the VIEs at any time and may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities. As of the date of this prospectus, neither our Company nor any of the VIEs has received or was denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges or conduct U.S. securities offerings. However, there is no guarantee that our Company or the VIEs will receive or not be denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges or conduct U.S. securities offerings in the
future. China’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as interventions and influences of any government policies, laws and regulations are uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could adversely affect us.
The Chinese legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the Chinese legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and the enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.
In 1979, the Chinese government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. Since Chinese administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy. These uncertainties may affect our judgment on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our contractual rights or tort claims. In addition, the regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited or frivolous legal actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from us.
Furthermore, the Chinese legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
In addition, we are subject to risks and uncertainties of the interpretations and applications of Chinese laws and regulations, including but not limited to, the validity and enforcement of the VIE contractual arrangements. we are also subject to the risks and uncertainties about any future actions of the Chinese government in this regard that could disallow the VIE structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations, and the value of our common stock may depreciate significantly or become worthless.
We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and any failure to comply with Chinese laws and regulations over data security could result in materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations and the value of our common stock.
Our business involves collecting and retaining certain internal and external data and information including that of our customers and supplies. The integrity and protection of such information and data are crucial to us and our business. Owners of such data and information expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. We are required by applicable laws to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information.
The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained in performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC (the “Cyber Security Law”), which
became effective on June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations.
The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. Chinese regulators, including the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Public Security, have been increasingly focused on regulation in data security and data protection.
On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress of China issued the final version of the Personal Information Protection Law (the "PIPL"), which becomes effective on November 1, 2021. The PIPL imposes on China-based data processers (such as the VIEs) significant obligations with respect to, among other things, obtaining, processing and cross-border transferring personal information. The PIPL may subject a data processor to a penalty of as much as RMB50 million or 5% of the preceding year’s turnover.
The Chinese regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the CAC, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Administration for Market Regulation, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. In April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security.
In July 2021, the CAC and other related authorities released the draft amendment to the Cybersecurity Review Measures for public comments through July 25, 2021. The draft amendment proposes the following key changes:
•companies who are engaged in data processing are also subject to the regulatory scope;
•the CSRC is included as one of the regulatory authorities for purposes of jointly establishing the state cybersecurity review working mechanism;
•the operators (including both operators of critical information infrastructure and relevant parties who are engaged in data processing) holding more than one million users/users’ (which are to be further specified) individual information and seeking a listing outside China shall file for cybersecurity review with the Cybersecurity Review Office; and
•the risks of core data, material data or large amounts of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, damaged, illegally used or transmitted to overseas parties and the risks of critical information infrastructure, core data, material data or large amounts of personal information being influenced, controlled or used maliciously shall be collectively taken into consideration during the cybersecurity review process.
Currently, the draft amendment has been released for public comment only, and its implementation provisions and anticipated adoption or effective date remains substantially uncertain and may be subject to change. If the draft amendment is adopted into law in the future, we may become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review. Certain internet platforms in China have been reportedly subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny in relation to cybersecurity matters. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor any of the VIEs have been subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny with respect to cybersecurity matters, nor have we or any of the VIEs been informed
by any Chinese governmental authority of any requirement that we file for a cybersecurity review. However, if we are deemed to be a critical information infrastructure operator or a company that is engaged in data processing and holds personal information of more than one million users, we could be subject to Chinese cybersecurity review.
As there remains significant uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant Chinese cybersecurity laws and regulations, we could be subject to cybersecurity review, and if so, we may not be able to pass such review. In addition, we could become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review or investigations launched by Chinese regulators in the future. Any failure or delay in the completion of the cybersecurity review procedures or any other non-compliance with the related laws and regulations may result in fines or other penalties, including suspension of business, website closure, removal of our app from the relevant app stores, and revocation of prerequisite licenses, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us, which may have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor any of the VIEs have been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC or any other Chinese regulatory authority, nor have we or any of the VIEs received any inquiry, notice or sanction in such respect. We believe that we are in compliance with the aforementioned regulations and policies that have been issued by the CAC.
On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China (the “SCNPC”) promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which will take effect in September 2021. The PRC Data Security Law imposes data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities, and introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, and the degree of harm it will cause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked, illegally acquired or used. The PRC Data Security Law also provides for a national security review procedure for data activities that may affect national security and imposes export restrictions on certain data an information.
As of the date of this prospectus, we do not expect that the current Chinese laws on cybersecurity or data security, or that the PIPL, when effective, would have a material adverse impact on our business operations. However, as uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation and implementation of these laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that we will comply with such regulations in all respects and we may be ordered to rectify or terminate any actions that are deemed illegal by regulatory authorities. We may also become subject to fines and/or other sanctions which may have material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.
Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditors, and as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our securities.
The HFCA Act was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit such shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the United States.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. A company will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.
On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.
On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCA Act, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCA Act, whether the board of directors of a company is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.
On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report on its determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in China and in Hong Kong because of positions taken by Chinese and Hong Kong authorities in those jurisdictions. The PCAOB has made such determination as mandated under the HFCA Act. Pursuant to each annual determination by the PCAOB, the SEC will, on an annual basis, identify issuers that have used non-inspected audit firms and thus are at risk of such suspensions in the future.
Our auditor, Weinberg & Company, an independent registered public accounting firm headquartered in the United States, is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. Our auditor is currently subject to PCAOB inspections and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis. However, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the work papers of our accounting firm in the future, such lack of inspection could cause trading in our common stock to be prohibited under the HFCA Act, and as a result, an exchange may determine to delist our common stock. The delisting and the cessation of trading of our common stock, or the threat of our common stock being delisted and prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
These recent developments may result in prohibitions on the trading of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, if our auditors fail to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock
Our stock price has fluctuated considerably and is likely to remain volatile, and various factors could negatively affect the market price or market for our common stock.
The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. From January 1, 2020 through March 31, 2022 , the high and low sales prices for our common stock were $6.70 and $0.25, respectively. The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
•general market and economic conditions;
•the low trading volume and limited public market for our common stock;
•minimal third-party research regarding our company; and
•the current and anticipated future operating performance and equity valuation of Sharecare, Inc., in which we have an equity investment.
In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for Internet-related companies in particular, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies. Such broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance.
The concentration of our stock ownership may limit individual stockholder ability to influence corporate matters.
As of August 4, 2022 , our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Kai-Shing Tao, may be deemed to beneficially own 10,200,634 shares, or 9.3% of our common stock, and Lawrence Rosen may be deemed to beneficially own 6,104,893 shares, or 5.2% of our common stock. The interests of these stockholders may not always coincide with the interests of other stockholders, and they may act in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders, and might affect the prevailing market price for our securities.
If these stockholders act together, they may be able to exert significant control over our management and affairs requiring stockholder approval, including approval of significant corporate actions. Such concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
A significant number of additional shares of our common stock may be issued under the terms of existing securities, which issuances would substantially dilute existing stockholders and may depress the market price of our common stock.
As of August 4, 2022 , we had outstanding stock options allowing for the purchase of as many as approximately 15.0 million shares of common stock. Also outstanding were (i) a warrant to purchase up to 4,237,290 shares of common stock we issued to an investor in a private placement, (ii) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 127,118 shares of common stock we issued to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners and its designees in connection with such private placement, (iii) warrants we issued as part of the consideration for our acquisition of assets of China Branding Group Limited (“CBG”), providing for the right to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock at a per-share exercise prices of $10.00 (the “CBG Acquisition Warrants”), and (iv) warrants we issued pursuant to a settlement agreement that we entered into with CBG and its joint official liquidators, providing for the right to purchase 5,710,000 shares of common stock at a per share exercise price of $6.00 (the “CBG Settlement Warrants”).
The CBG Acquisition Warrants and the CBG Settlement Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis only, such that they cannot be exercised for the entire amount of shares purchasable under such warrants, and they effectively cannot be exercised to purchase shares of common stock unless the applicable market value of the common stock exceeds the applicable exercise price under the terms thereof.
The issuance of common stock pursuant to the warrants described above would substantially dilute the proportionate ownership and voting power of existing stockholders, and their issuance, or the possibility of their issuance, may depress the market price of our common stock.
Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of Remark more difficult, which acquisition may be beneficial to stockholders.
Provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, as well as provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), which may discourage, delay or prevent a merger with, acquisition of or other change in control of Remark, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders, include the following:
•only our Board of Directors (our “Board”) may call special meetings of our stockholders;
•our stockholders may take action only at a meeting of our stockholders and not by written consent;
•we have authorized, undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval.
Additionally, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. We have not opted out of the restriction under Section 203, as permitted under the DGCL.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus contains “forward-looking statements” about our plans, strategies, objectives, goals or expectations. You will find forward-looking statements principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary” and “Risk Factors”. These forward-looking statements are identifiable by words or phrases indicating that we or our management “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” or “estimates,” or that a particular occurrence or event “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” or “will likely” result, occur or be pursued or “continue” in the future, that the “outlook” or “trend” is toward a particular result or occurrence, that a development is an “opportunity,” “priority,” “strategy,” “focus,” that we are “positioned” for a particular result, or similarly stated expectations. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus, other report, release, presentation, or statement.
In addition to other risks and uncertainties described in connection with the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and other periodic reports filed with the SEC, there are many important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. Such risks and uncertainties include general business conditions, changes in overall economic conditions, our ability to integrate acquired assets, the impact of competition and other factors which are often beyond our control.
This should not be construed as a complete list of all of the economic, competitive, governmental, technological and other factors that could adversely affect our expected consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial also may impair our business, operations, liquidity, financial condition and prospects. We undertake no obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements to reflect developments that occur or information that we obtain after the date of this prospectus.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Except as may be otherwise set forth in any prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, we will use the net proceeds we receive from sales of securities offered hereby for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital, acquisitions, repayment and refinancing of debt and capital expenditures. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement our intended use for the net proceeds received from the sale of the related securities. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of such proceeds. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell securities described in this prospectus from time to time in one or more of the following ways:
•through underwriters;
•through dealers;
•through agents;
•directly to purchasers; or
•through a combination of any of these methods or any other method permitted by law.
In addition, we may issue the securities as a dividend or distribution or in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders.
We may directly solicit offers to purchase securities, or agents may be designated to solicit such offers. In the prospectus supplement relating to such offering, we will name any agent that could be viewed as an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and describe any commissions that we must pay to any such agent. Any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment or, if indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, on a firm commitment basis. This prospectus may be used in connection with any offering of our securities through any of these methods or other methods described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Each prospectus supplement will describe the method of distribution of the securities and any applicable restrictions. The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions:
•at a fixed price, or prices, which may be changed from time to time;
•at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
•at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
•at negotiated prices.
The prospectus supplement with respect to the securities of a particular series will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including the following:
•the name of the agent or any underwriters;
•the public offering or purchase price;
•any discounts and commissions to be allowed or paid to the agent or underwriters;
•all other items constituting underwriting compensation;
•any discounts and commissions to be allowed or paid to dealers; and
•any exchanges on which the securities will be listed.
If any underwriters or agents are used in the sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered, we will enter into an underwriting agreement, sales agreement or other agreement with them at the time of sale to them, and we will set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to such offering the names of the underwriters or agents and the terms of the related agreement with them.
In connection with the offering of securities, we may grant to the underwriters an option to purchase additional securities with an additional underwriting commission, as may be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement. If we grant any such option, the terms of such option will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for such securities.
If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities in respect of which the prospectus is delivered, we will sell such securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer, who may be deemed to be an “underwriter” as that term is defined in the Securities Act, may then resell such securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by such dealer at the time of resale.
If we offer securities in a subscription rights offering to our existing security holders, we may enter into a standby underwriting agreement with dealers, acting as standby underwriters. We may pay the standby underwriters a commitment fee for the securities they commit to purchase on a standby basis. If we do not enter into a standby underwriting arrangement, we may retain a dealer-manager to manage a subscription rights offering for us.
Agents, underwriters, dealers and other persons may be entitled under agreements which they may enter into with us to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities from us pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date stated in the prospectus supplement. Each contract will be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate amount of securities sold pursuant to such contracts shall not be less nor more than, the respective amounts stated in the prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom the contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and other institutions, but shall in all cases be subject to our approval. Delayed delivery contracts will not be subject to any conditions except that:
•the purchase by an institution of the securities covered under that contract shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which that institution is subject; and
•if the securities are also being sold to underwriters acting as principals for their own account, the underwriters shall have purchased such securities not sold for delayed delivery. The underwriters and other persons acting as our agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of delayed delivery contracts.
Offered securities may also be offered and sold, if so indicated in the prospectus supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their purchase, in accordance with a redemption or repayment pursuant to their terms, or otherwise, by one or more remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us. Any remarketing firm will be identified and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and its compensation will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters in connection with their remarketing of offered securities.
Certain agents, underwriters and dealers, and their associates and affiliates, may be customers of, have borrowing relationships with, engage in other transactions with, or perform services, including investment banking services, for us or one or more of our respective affiliates in the ordinary course of business.
To facilitate the offering of the securities, any underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities or any other securities the prices of which may be used to determine payments on such securities. Specifically, any underwriters may overallot in connection with the offering, creating a short position for their own accounts. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of the securities or of any such other securities, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, the securities or any such other securities in the open market. Finally, in any offering of the securities through a syndicate of underwriters, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the securities in the offering if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed securities in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities above independent market levels. Any such underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.
We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell
securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in three business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. The applicable prospectus supplement may provide that the original issue date for your securities may be more than three scheduled business days after the trade date for your securities. Accordingly, in such a case, if you wish to trade securities on any date prior to the third business day before the original issue date for your securities, you will be required, by virtue of the fact that your securities initially are expected to settle in more than three scheduled business days after the trade date for your securities, to make alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
The securities may be new issues of securities and may have no established trading market. The securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. We can make no assurance as to the liquidity of or the existence of trading markets for any of the securities.
In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, the aggregate maximum discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the proceeds from any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement
The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
The anticipated date of delivery of offered securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to each offer.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our “Charter”) authorizes us to issue up to 176,000,000 shares, including 175,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of close of business on August 4, 2022 , there were 105,157,769 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
The following descriptions are summaries of the material provisions and terms of our capital stock and are qualified by reference to our Charter and our Amended and Restated Bylaws (our “Bylaws”).
Common Stock
Each share of common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. Common stockholders are not entitled to cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors. Subject to the preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of common stock may receive ratably any dividends that our Board may declare out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and liquidation preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. The common stock has no preemptive rights, conversion rights or other subscription rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Preferred Stock
Under our Charter, our Board is authorized generally without stockholder approval to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, in connection with the creation of each such series, to fix the number of shares of such series and designate the powers, preferences and rights of such series, including dividend rights, redemption rights, liquidation preferences, sinking fund provisions, conversion rights and voting rights, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the common stock.
We will fix the powers, preferences, rights and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. This description will include, as applicable:
•the title and stated value;
•the number of shares authorized;
•the liquidation preference per share;
•the purchase price;
•the dividend rate, period and payment date, and method of calculation for dividends;
•whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;
•the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;
•the provisions for a sinking fund, if any;
•the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;
•any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;
•whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;
•whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;
•voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;
•preemptive rights, if any;
•restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;
•whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;
•a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;
•the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;
•any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and
•any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.
If we issue shares of preferred stock under this prospectus, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable and will not have, or be subject to, any preemptive or similar rights.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Provisions in our Charter and Bylaws, as well as provisions of the DGCL, may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of Remark, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to stockholders. These provisions include the following:
•only our Board may call special meetings of our stockholders;
•our stockholders may take action only at a meeting of our stockholders and not by written consent;
•we have authorized undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval.
Additionally, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. We have not opted out of the restriction under Section 203, as permitted under the DGCL.
Listing
Our common stock is currently quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MARK”.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is Computershare LLC.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the purchase of shares of our common stock, preferred stock or of debt securities. Any of these warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities offered by this prospectus and may be attached to or separate from those securities.
We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue under a separate warrant agreement. We will enter into the warrant agreement with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants, including:
•the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
•the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;
•if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;
•if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
•in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;
•in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
•the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;
•the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
•any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
•the periods during which, and places at which, the warrants are exercisable;
•the manner of exercise;
•the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
•the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;
•federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;
•the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and
•any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue the debt securities under an indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities specifying the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of the debt securities being offered.
The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities.
General
The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.
We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as “discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with “original issue discount,” or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We also may issue indexed debt securities. Payments of principal of, and premium and interest on, indexed debt securities are determined with reference to the rate of exchange between the currency or currency unit in which the debt security is denominated and any other currency or currency unit specified by us, to the relationship between two or more currencies or currency units or by other similar methods or formulas specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:
•the title of the series of debt securities;
•any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued;
•the maturity date or dates;
•the form of the debt securities of the series;
•the applicability of any guarantees;
•whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;
•whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination;
•if the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities will be issued is a price other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any such portion shall be determined;
•the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;
•our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
•if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;
•the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;
•the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
•any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series;
•whether the debt securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a global security or securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities;
•if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange;
•if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of debt securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof;
•additions to or changes in the covenants applicable to the particular debt securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant;
•additions to or changes in the events of default with respect to the securities and any change in the right of the trustee or the holders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable;
•additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;
•additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture;
•additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of the indenture both with and without the consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture;
•the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars;
•whether interest will be payable in cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders’ option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;
•the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the debt securities of the series to any holder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes;
•any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the debt securities of the series; and
•any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, any other additions or changes in the provisions of the indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.
Conversion or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate.
Events of Default
Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:
•if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;
•if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;
•if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and
stating that such is a notice of default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and
•if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.
Subject to the terms of the indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:
•the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and
•subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:
•the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
•the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred by the trustee in compliance with the request; and
•the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.
These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.
We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture.
Modification of Indenture; Waiver
We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters:
•to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series;
•to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities-Consolidation, Merger or Sale;”
•to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;
•to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture;
•to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture;
•to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect;
•to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided above under “Description of Debt Securities-General” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;
•to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or
•to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.
In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:
•extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series;
•reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or
•reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.
Discharge
Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:
•provide for payment;
•register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;
•replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;
•pay principal of and premium and interest on any debt securities of the series;
•maintain paying agencies;
•hold monies for payment in trust;
•recover excess money held by the trustee;
•compensate and indemnify the trustee; and
•appoint any successor trustee.
To exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.
Form, Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:
•issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or
•register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.
Information Concerning the Trustee
The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
Global Securities
The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Governing Law
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
We may issue units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, warrants and debt securities in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time, or at any time before a specified date.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units, including the following:
•the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;
•any provisions of the governing unit agreement;
•the price or prices at which such units will be issued;
•the applicable United States federal income tax considerations relating to the units;
•any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and
•any other terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units.
The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Warrants,” and “Description of Debt Securities,” will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, warrant or debt security included in each unit, respectively.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon by Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP, New York, New York. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
Weinberg & Company, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years then ended, contained in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. These financial statements are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in this registration statement. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on such accounting firms’ reports given upon their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information we incorporate by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, until the sale of all of the securities that are part of this offering. The documents we are incorporating by reference are as follows:
• Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022 ;
• Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022 ;
• Our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022 ; and
• Our Current Reports on Form 8-K (other than information furnished rather than filed) filed with the SEC on March 3, 2022 and July 7, 2022 .
All documents filed pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement and after the date of this prospectus but prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this registration statement and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents, provided, however, that the registrant is not incorporating any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K. These documents include periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.
Any document, and any statement contained in a document, incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, or in any other subsequently filed document that also is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such document or statement. Any such document or statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
The documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus may be obtained from us without charge and will be provided to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered. You may obtain a copy of the documents at no cost by submitting an oral or written request to:
Remark Holdings, Inc.
800 S. Commerce St.
Las Vegas, NV 89106
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
(702) 701-9514
Additional information about us is available at our web site located at www.remarkholdings.com. Information contained in our web site is not a part of this prospectus.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. In accordance with the Exchange Act, we file periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also find documents we filed on our website at www.remarkholdings.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.
Upon written or oral request, we will provide at no cost to the requester a copy of all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus. You may obtain copies of these documents from us, excluding the exhibits to such filings which we have not specifically incorporated by reference in such filings, at no cost, by requesting them in writing or by telephone at the following address:
Remark Holdings, Inc.
800 S. Commerce St.
Las Vegas, NV 89106
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
(702) 701-9514
$50,000,000
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Warrants
Debt Securities
Units
, 2022
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution 1
The following table sets forth the fees and expenses payable by the registrant in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. All of the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee:
| | | | | | | | |
| SEC registration fee | | $ | 5,455.00 | |
| Accounting fees and expenses | | 42,500.00 | |
| Legal fees and expenses | | 25,000.00 | |
| | |
| | |
| Total | | $ | 72,955.00 | |
1.Information regarding offering expenses is not currently known. The foregoing sets forth the general categories of expenses (other than underwriting compensation) that we anticipate we will incur in connection with the offering of securities under this registration statement. An estimate of our expenses in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being offered will be included in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Our Charter provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), our directors shall not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Each of our Charter and Bylaws also provide as follows:
(a)The Company shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful.
(b)The Company shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the
person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
(c)To the extent that a present or former director or officer of the Company has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in sections (a) and (b) above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.
(d)Any indemnification under sections (a) and (b) above (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Company only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because the person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in sections (a) and (b) above. Such determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a director or officer at the time of such determination, (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iv) by the stockholders of the Company.
We have obtained liability insurance covering our directors and executive officers for claims asserted against them or incurred by them in such capacity.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
During the past three years, we sold the following securities without registration under the Securities Act:
On September 13, 2019, we issued 2,300,000 shares of our common stock to an accredited investor in a private placement in exchange for $1.8 million.
On December 23, 2019, we issued 1,000,000 shares of our common stock to an accredited investor in a private placement in exchange for $0.5 million.
We made the offers and sales of securities in the above-described private placements in reliance upon an exemption from registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, based upon representations made to us by the investors in purchase agreements we entered into with the investors.
Item 16. Exhibits.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Incorporated Herein
By Reference To |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | Document | | Filed On | | Exhibit Number |
1.1(1) | | Form of Underwriting Agreement | | | | | | |
| 3.1 | | | | 8-K | | 12/30/2014 | | 3.1 |
| 3.2 | | | | 8-K | | 01/12/2016 | | 3.1 |
| 3.3 | | | | 8-K | | 06/08/2016 | | 3.1 |
| 3.4 | | | | 8-K | | 04/11/2017 | | 3.1 |
| 3.5 | | | | 8-K | | 07/09/2021 | | 3.1 |
| 3.6 | | | | 8-K | | 02/13/2015 | | 3.1 |
| 4.1 | | | | 10-K | | 03/23/2012 | | 4.1 |
| 4.2 | | | | 8-K | | 09/26/2016 | | 4.1 |
| 4.3 | | | | 8-K | | 03/04/2020 | | 4.1 |
| 4.4 | | | | 8-K | | 09/07/2021 | | 4.1 |
| 4.5 | | | | 8-K | | 09/30/2021 | | 4.1 |
| 4.6 | | | | 8-K | | 09/30/2021 | | 4.2 |
| 4.7 | | | | 10-K | | 03/31/2021 | | 4.4 |
4.8(1) | | Form of Certificate of Designation of Preferred Stock | | | | | | |
4.9(1) | | Form of Certificate for Preferred Stock | | | | | | |
4.10(1) | | Form of Warrant Agreement | | | | | | |
4.11(1) | | Form of Warrant Certificate | | | | | | |
4.12(2) | | | | | | | | |
4.13(1) | | Form of Debt Security | | | | | | |
4.14(1) | | Form of Unit Agreement | | | | | | |
4.15(1) | | Form of Unit Certificate | | | | | | |
5.1(2) | | | | | | | | |
10.1(3) | | | | 8-K | | 06/21/2010 | | 10.34 |
10.2(3) | | | | 8-K | | 01/12/2016 | | 10.1 |
10.3(3) | | | | 8-K | | 01/24/2018 | | 10.1 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Incorporated Herein
By Reference To |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | Document | | Filed On | | Exhibit Number |
| 10.4 | | | | 8-K | | 03/04/2020 | | 10.1 |
| 10.5 | | | | 8-K | | 04/14/2020 | | 10.1 |
| 10.6 | | | | 8-K | | 01/06/2021 | | 10.1 |
| 10.7 | | | | 8-K | | 08/10/2021 | | 10.1 |
| 10.8 | | | | 8-K | | 09/07/2021 | | 10.1 |
| 10.9 | | | | 8-K | | 09/30/2021 | | 10.1 |
| 10.10 | | | | 8-K | | 09/30/2021 | | 10.2 |
| 10.11 | | | | 8-K | | 09/30/2021 | | 10.3 |
| 10.12 | | | | 8-K | | 12/07/2021 | | 10.1 |
| 21.1 | | | | 10-K | | 03/31/2022 | | 21.1 |
23.1(4) | | | | | | | | |
23.2(2) | | | | | | | | |
24.1(2) | | | | | | | | |
25.1(1) | | Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee for Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 | | | | | | |
107(4) | | | | | | | | |
(1)If applicable, to be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference.
(2)Previously filed.
(3)Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.
(4)Filed herewith.
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(a)(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i)To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii)To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than twenty (20) percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
(iii)To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is part of this registration statement.
(2)That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3)To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(5)That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i)Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii)Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B of the Securities Act, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be
deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(6)That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 of the Securities Act; (ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; (iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(b)That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(h)Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(j)The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Las Vegas, State of Nevada, on August 8, 2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | REMARK HOLDINGS, INC. |
| | | | |
| | By: | | /s/ Kai-Shing Tao |
| | Name: | | Kai-Shing Tao |
| | Title: | | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Signature | | Title | | Date |
| | | | |
| /s/ Kai-Shing Tao | | | | |
| Kai-Shing Tao | | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
(principal executive, financial and accounting officer) | | August 8, 2022 |
| | | |
| | | | |
| * | | | | |
| Theodore Botts | | Director | | August 8, 2022 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| * | | | | |
| Brett Ratner | | Director | | August 8, 2022 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| * | | | | |
| Daniel Stein | | Director | | August 8, 2022 |
| | | |
| | | | |
| * | | | | |
| Elizabeth Xu | | Director | | August 8, 2022 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| * | By: | /s/ Kai-Shing Tao |
| | Kai-Shing Tao |
| | Attorney-in-Fact |
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