ODFL Old Dominion Freight Line Inc

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF PLAN

The following description of the Old Dominion 401(k) Retirement Plan (the “Plan”) provides only general information. Participants should refer to the Plan document for a more complete description of the Plan’s provisions.

General

The Plan is a defined contribution plan covering all eligible employees of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. (the “Company”) who have completed one month of service and are age 18 or older. The Old Dominion Retirement Committee manages the operation and administration of the Plan. Great-West Trust Company, LLC serves as the trustee of the Plan, and Great-West Financial Retirement Plan Services, LLC (d/b/a Empower Financial) serves as the recordkeeper of the Plan. The Plan is subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”).

Contributions

Each year, participants may contribute from 1% to 60% of pre-tax annual compensation, as defined in the Plan document, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”). Participants who have attained age 50 before the end of the Plan year and have contributed the maximum allowable pre-tax contribution are also eligible to make catch-up contributions up to a maximum of $6,000 for 2018. Participants may also contribute amounts representing distributions from individual retirement accounts or other qualified defined benefit or defined contribution plans.

The Company contributes 30% of the first 6% of compensation that a participant contributes to the Plan. Additional employer contributions may be made at the Company's discretion. Eligible Plan participants who (i) have completed 1,000 hours of service and (ii) were actively employed or were deceased, retired or permanently disabled on the last day of the Plan year are eligible to share in any Company discretionary contributions for the year. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company awarded an additional $43,647,025 as an aggregate discretionary contribution.

Investment Options

Participants may direct the investment of their contributions into various investment options offered by the Plan. The Plan currently offers various mutual funds, an insurance contract, and Company common stock as investment options for participants. In addition, participants generally have the option of utilizing a self-directed brokerage account, through which participants are able to invest in a variety of securities, including mutual funds, equities, the Company's common stock or certain fixed-income securities, in accordance with the Plan document.

Participant Accounts

Each participant’s account is credited with the participant’s contributions and allocations of (a) the Company’s contributions and (b) Plan earnings (losses). In addition, each participant’s account may be charged with benefit payments, transaction fees and allocations of administrative expenses. Allocations are based on participants’ compensation or account balances, as defined in the Plan document. The benefit to which a participant is entitled is the benefit that can be provided from the participant’s vested account.

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Notes Receivable from Participants

Participants may borrow from their vested fund accounts a minimum of $500 up to a maximum equal to the lesser of $50,000 or 50% of their vested account balance. The loans are secured by the balance in the participant’s account and bear interest at the rate of prime, as published by the Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month immediately preceding the month in which the loan is issued, plus 2%, which is commensurate with local prevailing rates as determined by the Plan administrator. Principal and interest are paid ratably through payroll deductions.

Payment of Benefits

On termination of service due to death, disability or retirement at age 65, a participant may elect to receive an amount equal to the vested value of his or her account in installment payments or a lump sum. For termination of service for other reasons, a participant may receive the vested value of his or her account as a lump-sum distribution or may elect, subject to minimum balances as defined by the Plan document, to leave the vested portion of the account with the Plan. In addition, amounts contributed may be withdrawn upon demonstration of financial hardship or after a participant reaches the age of 59.5 years.

Forfeited Accounts

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, forfeited non-vested accounts totaled $871,531 and $794,053, respectively. These accounts may be used to pay Plan expenses or reduce future Company contributions. Forfeitures for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $1,013,918. Forfeitures used to reduce Company contributions during the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $936,440.

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Accounting

The financial statements of the Plan are prepared using the accrual method of accounting in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Plan's management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets, liabilities and changes therein, and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Investment Valuation and Income Recognition

The Plan’s investments are stated at fair value, except for fully benefit-responsive investment contracts, which are reported at contract value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Plan's management utilizes information provided by the trustee to determine the valuation of the Plan's investments. See the “Fair Value Measurements” disclosure in Note 3 for a discussion of fair value measurements.

The Plan's insurance contract investment is a fully benefit-responsive investment contract which is reported at contract value. Because contract value is the amount participants normally would receive if they were to initiate permitted transactions under the terms of the Plan, it is the relevant measure for the portion of the net assets available for benefits of a defined contribution plan attributable to fully benefit-responsive investment contracts.

Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Net appreciation (depreciation) includes the Plan’s gains and losses on investments bought and sold, as well as held during the year.

Notes Receivable from Participants

Notes receivable from participants are measured at their unpaid principal balance plus any accrued but unpaid interest. Delinquent participant loans are reclassified as distributions based upon the terms of the Plan.

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Payment of Benefits

Benefits paid to participants are recorded upon distribution.

Administrative Expenses

Administrative expenses of the Plan are paid by either the Plan or the Company, as provided in the Plan document. Certain administrative functions are performed by the employees of the Company. No such employee receives compensation from the Plan. Expenses relating to specific participant transactions, such as participant loans and distributions, are charged directly to the participant’s account.

NOTE 3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

GAAP defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of inputs are described as follows:

If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

The asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques that are used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Plan’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value for December 31, 2018 and 2017 is presented below.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are public investment vehicles valued using the net asset value ("NAV") provided by the administrator of the fund. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities, and then divided by the number of shares outstanding. The NAV is a quoted price in an active market and classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. Common Stock

Common stock is valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual security is traded and is classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

Self-directed Brokerage Accounts

Self-directed brokerage accounts may include mutual funds, equities, the Company's common stock or certain fixed-income securities. These investments are valued by the administrator of the fund based on quoted market prices and are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

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There were no changes made in the valuation methodologies used to determine the fair value of financial assets during the year ended December 31, 2018 . Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are listed be low and are categorized by level of the fair value hierarchy:

The preceding methods described may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future values. Furthermore, although the Plan believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

NOTE 4. INVESTMENT IN INSURANCE FUND

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Plan held a fully benefit-responsive group annuity contract with Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company. The Great-West Select Guaranteed Fund is a group annuity contract and is a general account product of Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company. The methodology for calculating the interest crediting rate is based on the earnings of the underlying assets in the entire medium-long term new portfolio compared to the minimum interest crediting rate, and prevailing market conditions. The interest crediting rate is reset quarterly. As described in Note 2, contract value is the relevant measurement attribute for this fund.

Certain events limit the ability of the Plan to transact at contract value with Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company. Such events include premature termination of the contracts by the Plan, layoffs, plan termination, bankruptcy, mergers and early retirement incentives. The Plan does not believe that any events which would limit the Plan's ability to transact at contract value with participants are probable. There are no reserves against contract value for credit risk of Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company or otherwise.

The average yield earned by the Plan of 2.15% is derived by averaging the quarterly gross interest rates for the fund over the year. The actual average yield earned by the Plan of 2.15% is derived by averaging the Plan’s quarterly interest rates.

NOTE 5. EXEMPT PARTY-IN-INTEREST TRANSACTIONS

Plan investments include shares of the Company's common stock. Transactions in the Company's common stock qualify as exempt party-in-interest transactions. The Company's common stock reported on the Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits was $193,993,215 and $207,214,579 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which represented 1,570,922 and 1,575,177 shares, respectively.

The Plan’s recordkeeper, trustee and their subsidiaries, as well as the Company and Plan participants, are each a “party-in-interest” to the Plan as defined by ERISA. Fees charged to the Plan for investment management services are reflected as a reduction of the return on each fund or included in administrative fees. Participants are also charged for certain transactions, such as the processing of a loan or a distribution. Each of these transactions qualify as exempt party-in-interest transactions under ERISA.

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NOTE 6. FEDERAL INCOME TAX STATUS

The Plan is a prototype non-standardized profit sharing plan with a cash or deferred arrangement. The Plan has not obtained a determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), as it relies on the IRS approval of the prototype plan being utilized. The IRS has determined and informed the prototype plan sponsor by an opinion letter dated March 31, 2014 that the prototype plan was designed in accordance with applicable sections of the IRC. The Plan administrator believes the Plan is currently designed and being operated in compliance with the applicable requirements of the IRC. Therefore, the Plan administrator believes the Plan was qualified and the related trust was tax-exempt as of December 31, 2018.

GAAP requires the Plan's management to evaluate tax positions taken by the Plan and recognize a tax liability (or asset) if the Plan has taken an uncertain position that more likely than not would not be sustained upon examination by the IRS. The Plan administrator has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Plan, and has concluded that as of December 31, 2018, there are no uncertain positions taken or expected to be taken that would require recognition of a liability, asset or disclosure in the financial statements. The Plan is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions; however, there are currently no audits for any tax periods in progress.

NOTE 7. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Plan invests in various investment securities. Investment securities, in general, are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate, market and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in the values of investment securities will occur in the near term and that such changes could materially affect participants’ account balances and the amounts reported in the Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits.

NOTE 8. PLAN TERMINATION

Although it has not expressed any intent to do so, the Company has the right under the Plan to discontinue its contributions at any time and to terminate the Plan subject to the provisions of ERISA. In the event of Plan termination, participants would be 100% vested in Company contributions.

The following is a reconciliation of the increase in net assets per the financial statements to the Form 5500 for the year ended December 31, 2018:

NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Plan administrator has evaluated all events subsequent to December 31, 2018, through the date the Plan’s financial statements were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Plan administrator has determined none of these events were required to be recognized or disclosed based on this evaluation.

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