UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
6-K
REPORT
OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT
TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
UNDER
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For
the month of September 2024
Commission
File Number: 001-41981
LOBO
EV TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
(Registrant’s
Name)
Gemini
Mansion B 901, i Park, No. 18-17 Zhenze Rd
Xinwu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu
People’s Republic of China, 214111
(Address
of Principal Executive Offices)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form
20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐
Information
Contained in this Form 6-K Report
Lobo
EV Technologies Ltd., a British Virgin Islands exempted company (the “Company”) is furnishing this Form 6-K to provide
six-month interim financial statements.
Financial
Statements and Exhibits.
Exhibits:
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
Lobo
EV Technologies Ltd. |
|
|
|
Date:
September 30, 2024 |
By: |
/s/
Huajian Xu |
|
Name: |
Huajian
Xu |
|
Title: |
Chief
Executive Officer |
false
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Exhibit
99.1
LOBO
EV TECHNOLOGIES LTD
UNAUDITED
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In
U.S. dollars except for number of shares)
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30, | | |
December 31, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Assets | |
| | | |
| | |
Current assets: | |
| | | |
| | |
Cash and cash equivalents | |
$ | 1,115,181 | | |
$ | 470,335 | |
Accounts receivable, net | |
| 2,339,830 | | |
| 2,532,551 | |
Inventories, net | |
| 8,886,337 | | |
| 5,737,781 | |
Short-term investments | |
| 184,231 | | |
| 56,768 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |
| 7,828,258 | | |
| 7,307,478 | |
Total current assets | |
| 20,353,837 | | |
| 16,104,913 | |
Property and equipment, net | |
| 986,122 | | |
| 1,080,747 | |
Intangible assets, net | |
| 1,996,823 | | |
| 1,916,362 | |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | |
| 1,122,664 | | |
| 569,462 | |
Total Assets | |
| 24,459,446 | | |
| 19,671,484 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | |
| | | |
| | |
Current liabilities: | |
| | | |
| | |
Accounts payable | |
$ | 1,281,014 | | |
$ | 929,816 | |
Advances from customers | |
| 2,613,072 | | |
| 1,555,424 | |
Other current payables | |
| 393,297 | | |
| 370,913 | |
VAT payable | |
| 6,450,933 | | |
| 6,078,846 | |
Taxes payable | |
| 2,669,546 | | |
| 2,372,646 | |
Amounts due to related parties | |
| 1,486,145 | | |
| 1,671,371 | |
Operating lease liabilities, current | |
| 701,446 | | |
| 362,720 | |
Total current liabilities | |
| 15,595,453 | | |
| 13,341,736 | |
Long-term Loan | |
| 137,605 | | |
| 140,847 | |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current | |
| 633,389 | | |
| 298,961 | |
Other payables | |
| - | | |
| 11,320 | |
Total liabilities | |
| 16,366,447 | | |
| 13,792,864 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Commitments and contingencies | |
| - | | |
| - | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Equity: | |
| | | |
| | |
Common stock (par value of $0.001
per share, 50,000,000 shares
authorized, 7,780,000 and 6,400,000
issued and outstanding, as of June 30, 2024 and December
31, 2023, respectively) | |
| 7,780 | | |
| 6,400 | |
Additional paid-in capital | |
| 5,708,280 | | |
| 3,013,333 | |
Retained earnings | |
| 2,102,211 | | |
| 2,490,044 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | |
| (529,893 | ) | |
| (377,790 | ) |
Statutory reserve | |
| 606,881 | | |
| 521,566 | |
Total LOBO EV Technologies LTD’s shareholders’ equity | |
| 7,895,259 | | |
| 5,653,553 | |
Non-controlling interest | |
| 197,740 | | |
| 225,067 | |
Total Equity | |
| 8,092,999 | | |
| 5,878,620 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Total Liabilities and Equity | |
$ | 24,459,446 | | |
$ | 19,671,484 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
LOBO
EV TECHNOLOGIES LTD
UNAUDITED
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In
U.S. dollars except for number of shares)
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| |
Six Months Ended | |
| |
June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Revenues | |
$ | 12,132,668 | | |
$ | 8,137,820 | |
Cost of revenues | |
| 10,768,717 | | |
| 6,954,364 | |
Gross Profit | |
| 1,363,951 | | |
| 1,183,456 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Operating expenses | |
| | | |
| | |
Selling and marketing expenses | |
| 329,471 | | |
| 325,800 | |
General and administrative expenses | |
| 878,547 | | |
| 284,134 | |
Research and development expenses | |
| 245,642 | | |
| 132,174 | |
Total operating expenses | |
| 1,453,660 | | |
| 742,108 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Operating (loss)/income | |
| (89,709 | ) | |
| 441,348 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Other expenses (income) | |
| | | |
| | |
Interest expense (income) | |
| (19,964 | ) | |
| 4,656 | |
Other (income) | |
| (45,537 | ) | |
| (484,545 | ) |
Total other income, net | |
| (65,501 | ) | |
| (479,889 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Income tax expense | |
| 289,039 | | |
| 249,200 | |
Net (loss)/Income | |
| (313,247 | ) | |
| 672,037 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Net (loss)/Income | |
| (313,247 | ) | |
| 672,037 | |
Less: Net (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interest | |
| (10,729 | ) | |
| 14,263 | |
Net (loss)/income attributable to LOBO EV Technologies LTD | |
| (302,518 | ) | |
| 657,774 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Net (loss)/Income | |
| (313,247 | ) | |
| 672,037 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | |
| (168,701 | ) | |
| (346,119 | ) |
Total comprehensive (loss) income | |
| (481,948 | ) | |
| 325,918 | |
Less: Total comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests | |
| (27,327 | ) | |
| 5,889 | |
Total comprehensive (loss) income attributable to LOBO
EV Technologies LTD | |
$ | (454,621 | ) | |
$ | 320,029 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Net (loss)/income per share, basic and diluted | |
$ | (0.04 | ) | |
$ | 0.11 | |
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted | |
| 7,143,077 | | |
| 6,400,000 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements
UNAUDITED
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In
U.S. dollars except for number of shares)
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Additional | | |
| | |
| | |
Accumulated Other | | |
Total | | |
Non- | | |
| |
| |
Common Stock | | |
Subscription | | |
Paid In | | |
Statutory | | |
Retained | | |
Comprehensive | | |
Shareholders’ | | |
controlling | | |
Total | |
| |
Shares | | |
Amount | | |
Receivable | | |
Capital | | |
Reserve | | |
Earnings | | |
(Loss)/Income | | |
Equity | | |
Interest | | |
Equity | |
Balance at, December 31, 2022 | |
| 6,400,000 | | |
| 6,400 | | |
| - | | |
| 3,013,333 | | |
| 422,330 | | |
| 1,619,682 | | |
| (194,900 | ) | |
| 4,866,845 | | |
| 212,763 | | |
| 5,079,608 | |
Net income | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 657,774 | | |
| - | | |
| 657,774 | | |
| 14,263 | | |
| 672,037 | |
Appropriation of statutory reserve | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 72,034 | | |
| (72,034 | ) | |
| | | |
| - | | |
| | | |
| - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| (337,745 | ) | |
| (337,745 | ) | |
| (8,374 | ) | |
| (346,119 | ) |
Balance at, June 30, 2023 | |
| 6,400,000 | | |
$ | 6,400 | | |
$ | - | | |
$ | 3,013,333 | | |
$ | 494,364 | | |
$ | 2,205,422 | | |
$ | (532,645 | ) | |
$ | 5,186,874 | | |
$ | 218,652 | | |
$ | 5,405,526 | |
| |
Share | | |
Amount | | |
| |
capital | | |
reserves | | |
earnings | | |
loss | | |
equity | | |
Interest | | |
equity | |
| |
Ordinary Shares | | |
Shareholders | | |
Additional paid-in | | |
Statuory | | |
(Accumulated deficit) Retained | | |
Accumulated other comprehensive | | |
Total shareholders’ | | |
Non-controlling | | |
Total | |
| |
Share | | |
Amount | | |
subscription | | |
capital | | |
reserves | | |
earnings | | |
loss | | |
equity | | |
Interest | | |
equity | |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | |
| 6,400,000 | | |
| 6,400 | | |
| - | | |
| 3,013,333 | | |
| 521,566 | | |
| 2,490,044 | | |
| (377,790 | ) | |
| 5,653,553 | | |
| 225,067 | | |
| 5,878,620 | |
Balance | |
| 6,400,000 | | |
| 6,400 | | |
| - | | |
| 3,013,333 | | |
| 521,566 | | |
| 2,490,044 | | |
| (377,790 | ) | |
| 5,653,553 | | |
| 225,067 | | |
| 5,878,620 | |
Share issuance upon initial public offering, net of issuance costs | |
| 1,380,000 | | |
| 1,380 | | |
| | | |
| 2,694,947 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 2,696,327 | | |
| | | |
| 2,696,327 | |
Net income | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (302,518 | ) | |
| - | | |
| (302,518 | ) | |
| (10,729 | ) | |
| (313,247 | ) |
Appropriation to statutory reserves | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 85,315 | | |
| (85,315 | ) | |
| | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| (152,103 | ) | |
| (152,103 | ) | |
| (16,598 | ) | |
| (168,701 | ) |
Balance as of June 30, 2024 | |
| 7,780,000 | | |
| 7,780 | | |
| - | | |
| 5,708,280 | | |
| 606,881 | | |
| 2,102,211 | | |
| (529,893 | ) | |
| 7,895,259 | | |
| 197,740 | | |
| 8,092,999 | |
Balance | |
| 7,780,000 | | |
| 7,780 | | |
| - | | |
| 5,708,280 | | |
| 606,881 | | |
| 2,102,211 | | |
| (529,893 | ) | |
| 7,895,259 | | |
| 197,740 | | |
| 8,092,999 | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
LOBO
EV TECHNOLOGIES LTD
UNAUDITED
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In
U.S. dollars except for number of shares)
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| |
For the six months ended
June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |
| | | |
| | |
Net (loss)/income | |
| (313,247 | ) | |
| 672,037 | |
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | |
| | | |
| | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 503,769 | | |
| 321,339 | |
Loss on sale of long-term investments | |
| 55,461 | | |
| - | |
Amortization of operating lease Right-of-use assets, nets | |
| 113,909 | | |
| 89,743 | |
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities | |
| | | |
| | |
Accounts receivable | |
| 135,391 | | |
| 220,260 | |
Inventories | |
| (3,304,383 | ) | |
| (1,216,371 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |
| (679,115 | ) | |
| (1,858,070 | ) |
Accounts payable | |
| 375,299 | | |
| (989,725 | ) |
Advance from customers | |
| 1,114,290 | | |
| 1,395,028 | |
Other current payables | |
| 7,085 | | |
| 71,499 | |
VAT payable | |
| 1,009,699 | | |
| 584,518 | |
Taxes payable | |
| (139,901 | ) | |
| 642,125 | |
Operating lease Liabilities | |
| 9,048 | | |
| (70,648 | ) |
Net cash used in operating activities | |
| (1,112,695 | ) | |
| (138,265 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |
| | | |
| | |
Interest-free loan to related parties | |
| (7,123,895 | ) | |
| (11,319,657 | ) |
Interest-free loan repaid by related parties | |
| 7,102,415 | | |
| 12,913,860 | |
Purchase of short-term investment | |
| (185,564 | ) | |
| - | |
Purchase of property and equipment | |
| (54,716 | ) | |
| (10,796 | ) |
Purchase of intangible assets | |
| (503,617 | ) | |
| (324,647 | ) |
Additional consideration paid for Reorganization | |
| - | | |
| (1,437,646 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | |
| (765,377 | ) | |
| (178,886 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |
| | | |
| | |
Proceeds of interest-free loan from related parties | |
| 248,842 | | |
| 784,512 | |
Repayments of interest-free loan to related parties | |
| (428,618 | ) | |
| (60,752 | ) |
Repayments of short-term loan | |
| - | | |
| (202,070 | ) |
Proceeds from IPO | |
| 2,696,327 | | |
| - | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | |
| 2,516,551 | | |
| 521,690 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | |
| 6,367 | | |
| (17,197 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | |
| 644,846 | | |
| 187,342 | |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | |
| 470,335 | | |
| 182,829 | |
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | |
| 1,115,181 | | |
| 370,171 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION | |
| | | |
| | |
Cash paid during the period for: | |
| | | |
| | |
Income taxes | |
| (656 | ) | |
| (71 | ) |
Interest | |
| (4,986 | ) | |
| (4,660 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS | |
| | | |
| | |
Addition of Right-of-use assets, nets | |
| 688,137 | | |
| - | |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
LOBO
EV TECHNOLOGIES LTD
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Lobo
EV Technologies Ltd. (“LOBO”) was incorporated as an exempted holding company under the laws of the British Virgin Islands
on October 25, 2021. LOBO does not conduct any substantive operations on its own, but instead conducts its business operations through
its wholly-owned subsidiary in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) and the subsidiary of such entity. LOBO and
its subsidiaries are hereinafter collectively referred to as “the Company”. LOBO is an innovative electric vehicles manufacturer
and seller. LOBO designs, develops, manufactures and sells e-bicycles, e-mopeds, e-tricycles, and electric four-wheeled shuttles, through
its indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries, Jiangsu LOBO, Beijing LOBO, Guangzhou LOBO, Tianjin LOBO, Tianjin Bibosch and Wuxi Jinbang .
LOBO also provides software solutions for automotive electronics, such as interactive multimedia software systems, multifunctional rear-view
mirrors, and dash cams. As described below, LOBO, through a series of transactions which is accounted for as a reorganization of entities
under common control (the “Reorganization”), became the ultimate parent entity of its subsidiaries. Accordingly, these consolidated
financial statements reflect the historical operations of the Company as if the current organization structure had been in existence
throughout the periods presented.
Reorganization
The
Reorganization of the Company’s legal structure was completed on March 14, 2022. The Reorganization involved (i) the incorporation
of LOBO in the British Virgin Islands as a holding company; (ii) the incorporation of LOBO Holdings Limited in Hong Kong (“LOBO
HK”), as a wholly-owned subsidiary of LOBO; (iii) the share transfer of Jiangsu LOBO from Jiangsu LOBO’s shareholders to
LOBO HK, resulting in Jiangsu LOBO becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of LOBO HK in the PRC.
LOBO
is a holding company and had not commenced operations until the Reorganization was complete.
During
the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, the control of the entities has never changed (always under the control
of the PRC Shareholders). Accordingly, the combination has been treated as a corporate restructuring (reorganization) of entities under
common control and thus the current capital structure has been retroactively presented in prior periods as if such structure existed
at that time and in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5, the entities under common control are presented on a combined basis for all periods
to which such entities were under common control. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at historical
cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
In
March 2023, LOBO HK entered into a supplemental agreement with Jiangsu LOBO’s former shareholders, and agreed the consideration
for the share transfer of Jiangsu LOBO to LOBO HK shall be $1,437,646 (RMB 10,000,000), the registered capital amount of Jiangsu LOBO
since its incorporation in November 2021. The pro-rata amount to each shareholder of Jiangsu LOBO was documented in the initial share
transfer agreement entered in March 2022, when LOBO HK and former Jiangsu LOBO shareholders’ decided the consideration to be zero
at the time.
In
March 2023, when LOBO HK and former Jiangsu LOBO Shareholders entered into the supplemental agreement, the nature of the share transfer
transaction did not change, which is still an acquisition under common control. The supplemental agreement is part of the Reorganization
process.
Jiangsu
LOBO former shareholders include related parties who are also officers of LOBO under current structure, hence the acquisition was accounted
for as common control acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5. Under the guidance, the current capital structure has been retroactively
presented in prior periods as if such structure existed at that time.
The
reorganization has been treated as a corporate restructuring (reorganization) of entities under common control and thus the current capital
structure has been retroactively presented in prior periods as if such structure existed at that time, and therefore, the consideration
amount of $1,437,646 is retrospectively adjusted as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements (Retrospective Adjustment -1).
On
March 1, 2023, the Company effected a one thousand-for-one subdivision of shares to shareholders, which increased the total number of
authorized and issued ordinary shares of 50,000 to 50,000,000, and decreased the par value of ordinary shares from $1 to $0.001. Then
the shareholders surrendered a pro-rata number of ordinary shares of 44,300,000 to the Company for no consideration and thereafter cancelled.
The surrendered shares have been retrospectively adjusted as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements.
On
September 15, 2023, the Company issued 700,000 shares on a pro-rata basis to the existing shareholders as stock dividend. The fair value
of the stock dividend is determined to be $2,212,000 at $3.16 per ordinary share. As of October 15, 2023, the Company has 50,000,000
ordinary shares authorized, with 6,400,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding. The stock dividend, all share and per share data are
retroactively adjusted as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The
consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of LOBO and each of the following entities:
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES OF LOBO AND EACH SUBSIDIARIES
| |
| |
| |
Percentage | | |
|
| |
Date of | |
Place of | |
of effective | | |
|
Name | |
Incorporation | |
incorporation | |
ownership | | |
Principal Activities |
Wholly owned subsidiaries | |
| |
| |
| | | |
|
LOBO AI Technologies Ltd (LOBO BVI ) | |
October, 2021 | |
British Virgin Islands (the “BVI”) | |
| 100 | % | |
Holding company |
LOBO Holdings Ltd (LOBO HK) | |
November, 2021 | |
Hong Kong Administratrive Region of the People’s Republic of China (“HK”) | |
| 100 | % | |
Investment holding company |
Jiangsu LOBO Electric Vehicle Co. Ltd (Jiangsu LOBO) | |
November, 2021 | |
People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) | |
| 100 | % | |
Wholly foreign owned entity, a holding company |
Beijing LOBO Intelligent Machine Co., Ltd (Beijing LOBO) | |
August, 2014 | |
PRC | |
| 100 | % | |
Domestic sales and outsourcing special models of e-bicycle and UVT |
Tianjin LOBO Intelligent Robot Co., Ltd (Tianjin LOBO) | |
October, 2021 | |
PRC | |
| 100 | % | |
Production of electric bicycles, urban tricycles and elderly scooters |
Guangzhou LOBO Intelligent Technologies Co. Ltd (Guangzhou LOBO) | |
May, 2019 | |
PRC | |
| 100 | % | |
Software development for automotive electronics |
Wuxi Jinbang Electric Vehicle Manufacture Co., Ltd (Wuxi Jinbang) | |
October, 2002 | |
PRC | |
| 85 | % | |
Production of electric bicycles and electric moped |
Tianjin Bibosch Intelligent Technologies Co., Ltd (Tianjin Bibosch) | |
March, 2022 | |
PRC | |
| 100 | % | |
Foreign sales of e-bicycle and UVT |
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a)
Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of LOBO, and its
subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. In the opinion of the management,
the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary
for a fair statement of financial results for the interim periods presented. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to
make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been
prepared using the same accounting policies as used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the
years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative
of the results for the full year. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.
Reclassification
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifcations
had no impact on net earnings and financial position.
(b)
Use of estimates
The
preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and accompanying
notes, including credit loss, the useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of short-term investments, long-term investments
and long-lived assets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and uncertain tax opinions. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
(c)
Foreign Currency Translation
The
reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar (“USD” or “$”). The functional currency of subsidiaries
located in China is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”), the functional currency of subsidiaries located in Hong Kong is the Hong
Kong dollars (“HK$”). For the entities whose functional currency is the RMB and HK$, results of operations and cash flows
are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the
end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported
on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation
adjustments are reported as foreign currency translation adjustment and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive loss
in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Transactions
denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates.
Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing
at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated
in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
The
Consolidated Balance Sheets
amounts, with the exception of equity, on June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were translated at RMB7.2672 to $1.00 and RMB7.0999
to $1.00, respectively. Equity accounts were stated at their historical rates. The average translation rates applied to Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were RMB7.2150 to $1.00
and RMB6.9283 to $1.00, respectively.
(d)
Fair Value Measurement
The
Company applies Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures which defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands financial statement disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.
ASC
Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price)
on the measurement date in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset
or liability.
ASC
Topic 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques, which is based on whether the inputs into the valuation technique are observable
or unobservable. The hierarchy is as follows:
Level
1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level
2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or in inactive
markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of
the financial instruments.
Level
3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
The
carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature. The Company’s
financial instruments include cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties, other current assets,
amounts due to related parties, accounts payable and other current payables. Short-term investments are recorded at fair value, based
on Level 1 inputs as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
(e)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash
and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, bank deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to
known amounts of cash and have insignificant risk of changes in value related to changes in interest rates and have original maturities
of three months or less when purchased.
(f)
Accounts receivable
Accounts
receivable are stated at the original amount less credit losses, if any, based on a review of all outstanding amounts at period end.
The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” on January 1, 2023. The Company analyzes
the aging of the customer accounts, coverage of credit insurance, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, historical and
current economic trends, supportable and reasonable future forecast, and changes in its customer payment patterns, and concluded
that the adoption has no material impact on the consolidated financial statements and the allowance for credit losses assessed to
be immaterial as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
(g)
Inventories
Inventories,
primarily consisting of the raw materials purchased by the Company for battery packs assembling and e-bicycles production, and
finished goods including battery packs and e-bicycles, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventory is
determined using weighted-average method. Where there is evidence that the utility of inventories, in their disposal in the ordinary
course of business, will be less than cost, whether due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other
causes, the inventories are written down to net realizable value. There were no
write-downs recognized for the inventories for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
(h)
Short-term investments
Short-term
investments include wealth management products. Short-term investments are classified as available for sale, and reported at fair value
with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023,
the Company did not record any impairment on the short-term investment.
(i)
Deferred IPO costs
Deferred
IPO costs represent the incremental costs incurred for the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO”). These costs
were deferred and deducted from the proceeds of the IPO upon the completion of the IPO. Deferred IPO costs primary include professional
fees related to the IPO. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the deferred IPO costs were $0, and $1,282,570, respectively. Deferred
IPO costs are included in the Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(j)
Property and equipment, net
Property
and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any, and depreciated on a straight-line basis over
the estimated useful lives of the assets. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset
into its intended use. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized.
When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains
or losses are included in income/loss in the year of disposition. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
SCHEDULE
OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIFE
Production line for e-bicycles | |
5-10 Years |
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment | |
3-5 Years |
Vehicles | |
4-10 Years |
(k)
Intangible Assets
We
purchase software from third parties and recorded the cost in intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
We
amortize the purchased software on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is typically 3
years. Amortization expense of Beijing LOBO is
included in General and administrative expense, and amortization expense of Guangzhou LOBO is included in cost of revenue on the statements
of operations and totaled $359,345 and $173,196
for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and
2023, respectively. We evaluate the purchased software for impairment and did not record impairment losses for the six months ended June
30, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 9 – Intangible Assets for additional information regarding our purchased software.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
(l)
Capitalized Software Development Costs
In
accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software, the Company capitalizes certain computer software and software development costs incurred
in connection with developing or obtaining computer software for internal use when both the preliminary project stage is completed, and
it is probable that the software will be used as intended, until the software is available for general release. Capitalized software
costs primarily include external direct costs of materials and services utilized in developing or obtaining computer software.
In
2023, the capitalized software for internal use was completed, the capitalized costs is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated
useful live of three years. The Company reviews the carrying value for impairment whenever facts and circumstances exist that would suggest
that assets might be impaired or that the useful lives should be modified. Refer to Note 9 - Intangible Assets for additional information
regarding our capitalized software development costs.
(m)
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
In
accordance with ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. The Company recognizes an impairment
loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment
is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its carrying amount. The Company did not record any
impairment charge for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
(n)
Value Added Tax
LOBO’s
China subsidiaries are subject to value-added tax (“VAT”) for providing services and sales of products.
Revenue
from providing services and sales of products is generally subject to VAT at applicable tax rates, and subsequently paid to PRC tax authorities
after netting input VAT on purchases. The excess of output VAT over input VAT is reflected in accrued expenses and other payables. The
Company reports revenue net of PRC’s VAT for all the periods presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
Income.
(o)
Revenue Recognition
The
Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”) from January 1, 2019 and used the modified
retrospective method for the revenue from sales of self-manufactured e-bicycles and software development and design services.
The
core principle of ASC Topic 606 is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers
in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The
following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:
Step
1: Identify the contract with the customer
Step
2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Step
3: Determine the transaction price
Step
4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
Step
5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation
Revenue
recognition policies are discussed as follows:
Revenue
from sales of electric vehicles and accessories
The
Company sells electric vehicles and accessories products to end customers. The transaction price in the contract is fixed and reflected
in the sales invoice. The performance obligation is to transfer promised products to a customer upon acceptance by customers, and the
Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to deliver the products to the customers. There is only one performance obligation
in the contract and there is no need for allocation. The Company presents the revenue generated from its sales of products on a gross
basis as the Company is a principal. The revenue is recognized at a point in time when the Company satisfies the performance obligation.
The
Company offers customer warranties generally from three months to one year. To estimate reserve for warranties and returns the Company
relies on historical sales returns and warranty repair costs. Based on assessment the Company assessed no cost for warranties and returns
for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 for the electric vehicles and accessories segment.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
Revenue
from sale of software development and design services
The
Company provides automobile information and entertainment software development and design services to customers. The software development
and design service contracts with customers includes two components: 1) software development, and 2) royalty agreements, and the contracts
specify the transaction price for each component. The Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promises in both components
of the contract, and thus the Company is the principal in both components of the contract.
The
Company provides the services to the customer and is the principal for this performance obligation. Software development services includes
customized product consulting and planning, technology and function development, verification and certification, prototype, and implementation.
A prototype installed with the customized software is built with proprietary technology that is specific to the customer, and thus the
prototype has no alternative use and is not a separate performance obligation. All activities, including the prototype, are highly interdependent
and highly interrelated. Thus, in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-19, we determined the services are not separately identifiable within
the context of the contract, and therefore do not constitute a separate performance obligation on its own. The contract only has one
performance obligation, which is to deliver the software to the customer to use in mass production.
The
Company transfers control of the software development service over time. The software that the Company developed and designed for its
customer is fully customized, and thus the software does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Company. The Company has
an enforceable right to payment for performance completed according to the terms of the contract. In accordance with ASC 606-10-25-27,
the Company satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time using the output method, based on the development milestones
confirmed by customers periodically.
A
separate revenue stream than sale of software above is when software is delivered and the third-party arranges the production and sales,
the Company, as principal, charges a royalty fee per unit sold based on the sales volume generated by its third-party customers from
their use of the software. The Company reconciles the royalty fees with its customers on a monthly basis, and recognizes royalty revenues
at a point in time at month end.
Timing
of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable represent revenue recognized for the
amounts invoiced when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation and has unconditional right to the payment. The Company has
no contract assets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Contract
liabilities primarily consist of advances from customers. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recognized advances
from customers amounted to $2,613,072
and $1,555,424,
respectively. The amount of revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the period were $1,055,869
and $65,612 for
the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The
Company’s standard warranty on the software development and design services varies from one year to three years or up to
100,000 kilometers of the vehicles that equipped with the software. This warranty primarily includes basic after-sales service, such
as software bug fixes. The Company considers the standard warranty is not providing incremental service to customers rather an
assurance to the quality of the software development and design services and therefore, is not a separate performance obligation.
The Company analyzed historical warranty claims, and incurred warranty cost of zero and $64,485 for the six months
ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(p)
Research and Development Expenses
Research
and development (“R&D”) expenses are expensed as incurred. R&D costs are related to certain software research and
development for internal use.
R&D
expenses primarily consist of employee salary and benefit costs. R&D expenses were $245,642 and $132,174 for the six months ended
June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(q)
Income Taxes
The
Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC 740 Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax
assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities
using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a
valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some
portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized
as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
The
provisions of ASC 740-10-25, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” prescribe a more-likely-than-not threshold for
consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken (or expected to be taken) in a tax return. This
interpretation also provides guidance on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and related disclosures. The
Company’s operating subsidiaries in PRC are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities. According to the PRC Tax Administration
and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the
taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment
of taxes is more than RMB100,000 ($14,498). In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is
no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified
as income tax expense in the period incurred.
(r)
Non-controlling Interest
A
non-controlling interest in a subsidiary of the Company represents the portion of the equity (net assets) in the subsidiary not directly
or indirectly attributable to the Company. Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the Consolidated
Balance Sheets, consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and net income and other comprehensive income attributable
to non-controlling shareholders are presented as a separate component on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
Income.
(s)
Segment Reporting
The
Company has organized its operations into two operating segments. The segments reflect the way the Company evaluates its business performance
and manages its operations by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for making decisions, allocating
resources and assessing performance. The Company’s CODM has been identified as the chief executive officer, who reviews consolidated
results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company.
The
Company has determined that it operates in two operating segments: (1) electric vehicles and accessories sales segment, and (2) software
royalties and development and design services segment. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer
different products and services. They are managed separately because each business unit requires different technology and marketing strategies.
As
the Company’s long-lived assets are substantially all located in the PRC and all of the Company’s revenues and expenses are
derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.
(t)
Net Income Per Share
Basic
income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary
shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders
as adjusted for the effect of dilutive ordinary equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary
equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.
(u)
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive
income is comprised of the Company’s net income and other comprehensive income (loss). The components of other comprehensive loss
consist solely of foreign currency translation adjustments.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES – continued
(v)
Commitments and Contingencies
Liabilities
for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable
that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable
but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate
of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies
are expensed as incurred.
(w)
Recent Accounting Standards
The
Company is an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012
(the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, an EGC can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to
the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies.
In
December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to
Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require that public business entities on an annual basis 1) disclose specific categories
in the rate reconciliation, and 2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The amendments
require disclosure about income taxes paid by federal, state and foreign taxes, and by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes
paid is equal or greater than 5 percent of total income taxes paid. The amendment also require entities to disclose income or loss from
continuing operations before income tax expense disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense or benefit from continuing
operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. For all public business entities, ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this guidance and believe the adoption will
not significantly impact the presentation of our financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.
In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments
in this ASU improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.
The amendments in this update require that a public entity disclose on an annual and interim basis, 1) significant segment expenses that
are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment
profit or loss, 2) an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items
category is the difference between segment revenue less the segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each
reported measure of segment profit or loss, and 3) disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses
the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. For all public
business entities, ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption
is permitted. We are currently evaluating this guidance and believe the adoption will not significantly impact the presentation of our
financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.
Other
accounting standards that have been issued by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material
impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent standards that are not anticipated
to have an impact on or are unrelated to its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
3.
REVENUES AND COST OF REVENUES
The
following table identifies the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
SCHEDULE
OF DISAGGREGATION REVENUE
| |
June
30, 2024 | | |
June
30, 2023 | |
Revenues | |
| | | |
| | |
Electric vehicles and accessories sales | |
$ | 12,076,334 | | |
$ | 7,496,861 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Software royalties | |
| 343 | | |
| 232,462 | |
Software development and design services | |
| 55,991 | | |
| 408,497 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Software royalties and development and design subtotal | |
| 56,334 | | |
| 640,959 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Total revenues accounted for under ASC Topic 606 | |
$ | 12,132,668 | | |
$ | 8,137,820 | |
The
Company applied a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization
period would have been one year or less. The Company has no material incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers that the
Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year.
Cost
of electric vehicles and accessories revenues consist primarily of cost of products, labor cost, and other overhead expenses. Cost of
Software development and design revenues consist primarily of raw material cost, outsourced development cost, and amortization cost of
the intangible assets. The following table identifies the disaggregation of the Company’s cost of revenues for the six months ended
June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:
SCHEDULE
OF COST OF REVENUES
| |
June 30, 2024 | | |
June 30, 2023 | |
Cost of revenues | |
| | | |
| | |
Electric vehicles and accessories | |
$ | 10,374,282 | | |
$ | 6,561,276 | |
Software development and design services | |
| 394,435 | | |
| 393,088 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Total cost of revenues | |
$ | 10,768,717 | | |
$ | 6,954,364 | |
4.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE, NET
Accounts
receivable consisted of the following, and the Company determined that based on the aging of the customer accounts, coverage of credit
insurance, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, historical and current economic trends, supportable and reasonable forecast
and changes in its customer payment patterns, the allowance for credit losses assessed to be immaterial.
SCHEDULE
OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
| |
| | |
| |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30,
2024 | | |
December 31,
2023 | |
Accounts receivable | |
$ | 2,339,830 | | |
$ | 2,532,551 | |
5.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
As
of June 30, 2024, short-term investments consisted of the wealth management products totaled $184,231. Wealth management products are
deposits in a financial institution with variable interest rates and not-guaranteed principal, and thus classified as available for sale.
The wealth management products were respectively purchased in January, 2024. Wealth management products had duration of 30 years, during
which the Company could redeem the wealth management product at its discretion. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 the weighted average
interest rates of the short-term investments are 2.5%, and the Company concluded that the gain or loss from the changes in fair values
is immaterial to be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.
6.
INVENTORIES, NET
Inventories
consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE
OF INVENTORY
| |
June 30,
2024 | | |
December 31,2023 | |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30,
2024 | | |
December 31,2023 | |
Finished goods(1) | |
$ | 2,888,022 | | |
$ | 3,287,637 | |
Raw materials(2) | |
| 5,979,814 | | |
| 2,426,168 | |
WIP(3) | |
| 18,501 | | |
| 23,976 | |
Total Inventory | |
$ | 8,886,337 | | |
$ | 5,737,781 | |
Based
on historical observations, the write-downs were immaterial to be recognized for the inventories for the six months ended June 30, 2024
and 2023.
7.
PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE OF PREPAID EXPENSES
| |
June 30, 2024 | | |
December 31, 2023 | |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30, 2024 | | |
December 31, 2023 | |
Prepayment to vendors | |
$ | 7,398,181 | | |
$ | 5,784,530 | |
Deferred IPO Costs(1) | |
| - | | |
| 1,282,570 | |
Advances to employees(2) | |
| 53,393 | | |
| 29,380 | |
Others(3) | |
| 376,684 | | |
| 210,998 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |
$ | 7,828,258 | | |
$ | 7,307,478 | |
(1) |
|
|
|
(2) |
|
|
|
(3) |
227,031
and $54,734
as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023,
respectively. |
8.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property
and equipment, net consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND
EQUIPMENT
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30, | | |
December 31, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Production line for e-bicycles | |
$ | 1,728,322 | | |
$ | 1,719,776 | |
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment | |
| 182,813 | | |
| 181,360 | |
Vehicles | |
| 77,886 | | |
| 78,475 | |
Property
and equipment, Gross | |
| 1,989,021 | | |
| 1,979,611 | |
Less: accumulated depreciation | |
| (1,002,899 | ) | |
| (898,864 | ) |
Property and equipment, net | |
$ | 986,122 | | |
$ | 1,080,747 | |
For
the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation expense amounted to $125,631and
$128,368 , respectively.
9.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Intangibles,
net consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE
OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30, | | |
December 31, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Purchased software | |
$ | 1,072,018 | | |
$ | 1,097,279 | |
Capitalized software development costs | |
| 1,941,718 | | |
| 1,475,691 | |
Intangible assets, gross | |
| 3,013,736 | | |
| 2,572,970 | |
Less: accumulated amortization | |
| (1,016,913 | ) | |
| (656,608 | ) |
Intangible assets, net | |
$ | 1,996,823 | | |
$ | 1,916,362 | |
In
the software development process, once the preliminary project stage was completed and management committed to funding the software through
completion and the software will be used to perform the function intended, the application development stage started. In accordance with
ASC 350-40-25, the software development costs incurred in the application development stage were capitalized, and the costs incurred
in the preliminary project stage were expensed.
In
2023, the capitalized software for internal use was completed, the capitalized costs is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated
useful live of three years.
For
the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense amounted to $378,138 and $192,971 . The Company did not
recognize impairment loss for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
The
following summarizes total future amortization expenses of the purchased software at June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE
OF FUTURE AMORTIZATION EXPENSE
Year ending December 31, | |
| |
2024 (remaining 6 months) | |
| 368,395 | |
2025 | |
| 616,980 | |
2026 | |
| 331,395 | |
2027 | |
| 37,315 | |
2028 and after | |
| 142,738 | |
Total future amortization expense | |
$ | 1,496,823 | |
10.
ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS
Advances
from customers are contract liabilities that represent the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services to customers for
which the Company has received prepayments from the customers. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded advances
from customers that amounted to $2,613,072
and 1,555,424,
respectively. The amount of revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the period were $1,055,869
and $65,612
for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
11.
TAXES PAYABLE
Taxes
payable consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE
OF TAXES PAYABLE
| |
| | |
| |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30, | | |
December 31, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Income tax payable | |
$ | 1,934,270 | | |
$ | 1,686,790 | |
Other tax payable | |
| 735,276 | | |
| 685,856 | |
Total tax payable | |
$ | 2,669,546 | | |
$ | 2,372,646 | |
12.
OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES AND RIGHT OF USE ASSETS
Operating
Leases
During
the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company entered into multiple operating leases for new offices and facility spaces in
China. The Company measured and recorded right of use assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities at the lease commencement
dates. The discount rate utilized in such present value calculation was 4.75% based on an estimate of the Company’s incremental
borrowing rate.
The
Company has made operating lease payments in the amount of $9,337 and $77,759 during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. Rent
expense charged to operations, which differs from rent paid due to rent credits and to increasing amounts of base rent, is calculated
by allocating total rental payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023,
the Company incurred operating lease expense amounted to $132,362 and $96,913, respectively.
Operating
lease liabilities consist of:
SCHEDULE
OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES
| |
| | |
| |
| |
As of | |
| |
June 30, | | |
December 31, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Current portion | |
$ | 701,446 | | |
$ | 362,720 | |
Long term portion | |
| 633,389 | | |
| 298,961 | |
Total operating lease liabilities | |
$ | 1,334,835 | | |
$ | 661,681 | |
The
following summarizes total future minimum operating lease payments at June 30, 2024:
SCHEDULE
OF FUTURE OPERATING LEASE PAYMENTS
| |
| | |
The periods ending December 31, | |
| |
2024 (remaining 6 months) | |
| 548,243 | |
2025 | |
| 378,249 | |
2026 | |
| 362,001 | |
2027 | |
| 119,439 | |
Total minimum lease payments | |
| 1,407,932 | |
Less: present value discount | |
| (73,097 | ) |
Present value of minimum lease payments | |
$ | 1,334,835 | |
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the weighted average discount rate for these leases is 4.75%
and 4.75%,
and the weighted average remaining term is 43 months and 37 months, respectively.
13.
BANK LOAN
On
April 21, 2021, the Company’s subsidiary, Wuxi Jinbang entered into a line of credit agreement of $219,691 (RMB1,400,000) with
Jiangsu Changjiang Commercial Bank with an annual interest rate of 8.40%. The Company pays interest monthly, the principal balance is
due no more than 72 months, and the credit agreement expires on April 20, 2027. In April 2023, the Company paid off the entire balance
of the line of credit.
On
September 26, 2023, Wuxi Jinbang drew RMB1,000,000
($140,847)
from the above credit agreement pursuit to the same term above. The Company recorded the amount in long-term loan, the balance was $137,605
and $140,847
as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
For
the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded interest expenses of $5,168 and $4,656, respectively.
14.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
The
following is a list of related parties which the Company had transactions with during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
SCHEDULE
OF LIST OF RELATED PARTIES
|
Name |
|
Relationship |
(a) |
Jiancong
Cai |
|
Deputy
General Manager/10% shareholder of the Company |
(b) |
Huiyan
Xie |
|
10%
shareholder of the Company |
(c) |
Huajian
Xu |
|
CEO
of the Company |
(d) |
Xing
Xia |
|
Deputy
General Manager/15% shareholder of Wuxi Jinbang |
Amounts
due from related parties
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, amounts due from related parties, consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE
OF AMOUNTS DUE FROM RELATED PARTIES
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Exchange | | |
| |
| |
December 31, | | |
| | |
Received | | |
Rate | | |
June 30, | |
| |
2023 | | |
Provided | | |
Repayment | | |
Translation | | |
2024 | |
Amounts due from related parties | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
(b) Huiyan Xie | |
| - | | |
| 6,889,039 | | |
| (6,887,088 | ) | |
| (1,951 | ) | |
| - | |
(d) Xing Xia | |
| - | | |
| 234,856 | | |
| (215,327 | ) | |
| (19,529 | ) | |
| - | |
Total amounts due from related parties | |
$ | - | | |
$ | 7,123,895 | | |
$ | (7,102,415 | ) | |
$ | (21,480 | ) | |
$ | - | |
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, amounts due to related parties consisted of the following:
SCHEDULE
OF AMOUNTS DUE TO RELATED PARTIES
| |
December 31, | | |
| | |
| | |
Exchange
Rate | | |
June 30, | |
| |
2023 | | |
Borrowed | | |
Repaid | | |
Translation | | |
2024 | |
Amounts due to related parties | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
(a) Jiancong Cai | |
$ | 153,976 | | |
| 215,091 | | |
$ | (168,506 | ) | |
| (3,881 | ) | |
$ | 196,680 | |
(b) Huiyan Xie | |
| 374,475 | | |
| - | | |
| (96,464 | ) | |
| - | | |
| 278,011 | |
(c) Huajian Xu | |
| 856,068 | | |
| 8,580 | | |
| (163,648 | ) | |
| (1,569 | ) | |
| 699,431 | |
(d) Xing Xia | |
| 286,852 | | |
| 25,171 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 312,023 | |
Total amounts due to related parties | |
$ | 1,671,371 | | |
$ | 248,842 | | |
$ | (428,618 | ) | |
$ | (5,450 | ) | |
$ | 1,486,145 | |
The balances represented interest-free loans payable to shareholders.
Related
party transactions
Other
than the interest free loans due to and due from shareholders, for which the balances are disclosed above, for the six months ended June
30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had the following material related party transactions:
SCHEDULE
OF MATERIAL RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
|
Related Parties | |
Nature | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
|
| |
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, | |
|
Related Parties | |
Nature | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
(d) |
Xing Xia | |
sale of products | |
$ | 95,714 | | |
$ | - | |
Related Parties |
Xing Xia | |
sale of products | |
$ | 95,714 | | |
$ | - | |
15.
INCOME TAXES
BVI
The
Company is incorporated in the BVI. Under the current laws of the BVI, the Company is not subject to income or capital gains taxes. In
addition, dividend payments are not subject to withholdings tax in the BVI.
Hong
Kong
On
March 21, 2018, the Hong Kong Legislative Council passed The Inland Revenue (Amendment) (No. 7) Bill 2017 (the “Bill”) which
introduces the two-tiered profits tax rates regime. The Bill was signed into law on March 28, 2018 and was announced on the following
day. Under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, the first 2 million Hong Kong Dollar (“HKD”) of profits of the qualifying
group entity will be taxed at 8.25%, and profits above HKD 2 million will be taxed at 16.5%. The Company’s Hong Kong subsidiaries
did not have assessable profits that were derived in Hong Kong . Therefore, no Hong Kong profit tax has been provided for the six months
ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
PRC
The
Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (“EIT Law”) and are taxed at the statutory
income tax rate of 25%, unless otherwise specified.
The
components of the income tax provision are:
SCHEDULE
OF INCOME TAX PROVISION
| |
June 30, 2024 | | |
June 30, 2023 | |
| |
For the six months ended June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Current | |
$ | 289,039 | | |
$ | 249,200 | |
Deferred | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Total income tax provision | |
$ | 289,039 | | |
$ | 249,200 | |
The reconciliations of the statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective income tax rate are as follows:
SCHEDULE
OF STATUTORY INCOME TAX RATE AND EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATE
| |
June 30, 2024 | | |
June 30, 2023 | |
| |
For the six months ended June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
PRC statutory tax rate | |
| 25 | % | |
| 25 | % |
Income tax at statutory tax rate | |
| (6,052 | ) | |
| 230,309 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Changes in valuation allowance | |
| 167,204 | | |
| 13,405 | |
Effect of income tax rate differences in jurisdictions other than mainland China | |
| 120,809 | | |
| 291 | |
Tax effect of non-deductible items | |
| 7,078 | | |
| 5,195 | |
Income tax expense | |
$ | 289,039 | | |
$ | 249,200 | |
Effective tax rates | |
| (1194 | )% | |
| 27 | % |
The
current PRC EIT Law imposes a 10% withholding income tax for dividends distributed by foreign invested enterprises to their immediate
holding companies outside the PRC. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between the PRC
and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Distributions to holding companies in Hong Kong that satisfy certain requirements
specified by the PRC tax authorities, for example, will be subject to a 5% withholding tax rate.
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not recorded any withholding tax on the retained earnings of its foreign
invested enterprises in the PRC, since the Company intends to reinvest its earnings to further expand its business in mainland China,
and its foreign invested enterprises do not intend to declare dividends to their immediate foreign holding companies.
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no tax effect of temporary difference under ASC Topic 740 “Accounting
for Income Taxes” that gives rise to deferred tax asset and liability.
As
of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has net operating loss carried forward of $243,357 and $95,433.
Accounting
for uncertainty tax position
The
Company did not identify significant unrecognized tax benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company did not incur
any interest or penalties related to potential underpaid income tax expenses. In general, the PRC tax authority has up to five years
to conduct examinations of the Company’s tax filings. Accordingly, the tax years from 2019 to 2023 of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries
remain open to examination by the taxing jurisdictions. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding unrecognized tax positions
will materially change over the next 12 months.
16.
EQUITY
(a)
Common stock and Additional Paid In Capital
The
Company was established under the laws of the British Virgin Islands on October 25, 2021. The authorized number of Ordinary Shares was
50,000,000 with par value of $0.001 per share. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s shareholders have not funded the capital
of the Ordinary Shares in British Virgin Islands and recorded subscription receivable as of December 31, 2021. The Company’s shareholders
have funded the $50,000 capital in British Virgin Islands in October and November, 2022.
Upon
the Reorganization event described in Note 1, on March 14, 2022, the Company issued the 5,700,000 Ordinary Shares of common stock with
par value of $0.001 in exchange for all outstanding common stock of Jiangsu Lobo. The Reorganization has been accounted for at historical
cost and prepared on the basis as if the Reorganization had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the
accompanying financial statements of the Company.
On
March 1, 2023, the Company effected a one thousand-for-one subdivision of shares to shareholders, which increased the total number of
authorized and issued ordinary shares of 50,000 to 50,000,000, and decreased the par value of ordinary shares from $1 to $0.001. Then
the shareholders surrendered a pro-rata number of ordinary shares of 44,300,000 to the Company for no consideration and thereafter cancelled.
Following the surrender, the issued and outstanding ordinary shares were 5,700,000 of par value of $0.001 per share. All share and per
share data as of December 31, 2022, and for the year ended December 31, 2022 are presented on a retroactive basis.
On
September 15, 2023, the Company issued 700,000 shares on a pro-rata basis to the existing shareholders as stock dividend. The fair value
of the stock dividend is determined to be $2,212,000 at $3.16 per ordinary share. As of October 15, 2023, the Company has 50,000,000
ordinary shares authorized, with 6,400,000 ordinary shares issued and outstanding. The stock dividend, all share and per share data as
of December 31, 2022, and for the year ended December 31, 2022 are retroactively adjusted.
During
the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 1,380,000 shares of common stock at $4.00 per share for a total of $5,520,000
gross processed in its Initial Public Offering (IPO). Net proceeds from the IPO was $2,696,327, net of expenses primarily including legal
fees and audit fees.
(b)
Statutory Reserve
The
Company is required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus
reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC
GAAP”). Net income after taxation can be made up for the cumulative prior years’ losses, if any before allocated to the “Statutory
reserve”. Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined
in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Appropriations to the discretionary
surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the board of directors of the Company. As of June 30, 2024, statutory reserve provided
were $606,881.
(d)
Non-controlling interest
As
of June 30, 2024, the Company’s non-controlling interest represented 15% equity interest of Wuxi Jinbang, which was established
in October 2002.
17.
SEGMENT REPORTING
The
Company has determined that it operates in two operating segments: (1) electric vehicles and accessories sales, and (2) software royalties
and development and design services.
The
Company’s CODM, chief executive officer, measures the performance of each segment based on metrics of revenue and profit before
taxes from operations and uses these results to evaluate the performance of, and to allocate resources to each of the segments. As most
of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the PRC and most of the Company’s revenues are derived from the PRC, no
geographical information is presented. The Company does not allocate assets to its segments as the CODM does not evaluate the performance
of segments using asset information.
The
following tables present the summary of each reportable segment’s assets, revenue and income, which is considered as a segment
operating performance measure, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
SCHEDULE
OF REPORTABLE SEGMENTS, REVENUE AND INCOME
| |
Segment | | |
Segment | | |
Consolidated | |
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | |
| |
Electric vehicles and accessories sales | | |
Software royalties and development and design services | | |
| |
| |
Segment | | |
Segment | | |
Consolidated | |
Current assets | |
$ | 20,164,937 | | |
$ | 188,900 | | |
$ | 20,353,837 | |
Non-current assets | |
| 2,757,808 | | |
| 1,347,801 | | |
| 4,105,609 | |
Revenues | |
| 12,076,334 | | |
| 56,334 | | |
| 12,132,668 | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 89,791 | | |
| 413,978 | | |
| 503,769 | |
Segment gross profit margin | |
| 14 | % | |
| -600 | % | |
| 11 | % |
Net income (loss) | |
$ | 163,440 | | |
| (476,687 | ) | |
| (313,247 | ) |
| |
Segment | | |
Segment | | |
Consolidated | |
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 | |
| |
Electric vehicles and accessories sales | | |
Software royalties and development and design services | | |
| |
| |
Segment | | |
Segment | | |
Consolidated | |
Current assets | |
$ | 13,617,876 | | |
$ | 741,548 | | |
$ | 14,359,424 | |
Non-current assets | |
| 1,648,698 | | |
| 1,422,157 | | |
| 3,070,855 | |
Revenues | |
| 7,496,861 | | |
| 640,959 | | |
| 8,137,820 | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 91,200 | | |
| 230,139 | | |
| 321,339 | |
Segment gross profit margin | |
| 12 | % | |
| 39 | % | |
| 15 | % |
Net income | |
$ | 590,072 | | |
$ | 81,965 | | |
$ | 672,037 | |
Net income (loss) | |
$ | 590,072 | | |
$ | 81,965 | | |
$ | 672,037 | |
18.
CONCENTRATIONS
Concentrations
of Credit Risk
As
of June 30, 2024, cash and cash equivalents balances in the PRC are $1,115,181, which were primarily deposited in financial institutions
located in Mainland China. Each bank account is insured by The People’s Bank of China (the central bank of China) with the maximum
limit of RMB500,000 (equivalent to $70,692). To limit exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily places cash
and cash equivalent deposits with large financial institutions in China which management believes are of high credit quality and management
also continually monitors the financial institutions’ credit worthiness.
Concentrations
of Customers
The
following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of total accounts receivable as of June 30,
2024 and December 31, 2023:
SCHEDULE
OF CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
| |
As of | | |
As of | |
| |
June 30, 2024 | | |
December 31, 2023 | |
| |
| | |
% of | | |
| | |
% of | |
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
A | |
$ | 727,855 | | |
| 31.10 | % | |
$ | -* | | |
| -* | % |
B | |
| 454,360 | | |
| 19.42 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
C | |
| 412,364 | | |
| 17.62 | % | |
| -* | | |
| - | % |
D | |
| 302,919 | | |
| 12.95 | % | |
| 479,511 | | |
| 18.93 | % |
E | |
| 255,423 | | |
| 10.92 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
F | |
| -* | | |
| -* | | |
| 997,506 | | |
| 39.39 | % |
G | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % | |
| 553,800 | | |
| 21.87 | % |
Total | |
$ | 2,152,921 | | |
| 92.01 | % | |
$ | 2,030,817 | | |
| 80.19 | % |
Accounts receivable | |
$ | 2,152,921 | | |
| 92.01 | % | |
$ | 2,030,817 | | |
| 80.19 | % |
The
following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the six months ended June
30, 2024 and 2023.
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Customer | |
| | |
% of | | |
| | |
% of | |
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
I | |
$ | 3,022,476 | | |
| 24.91 | % | |
$ | -* | | |
| -* | % |
A | |
| 2,050,295 | | |
| 16.90 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
B | |
| 1,298,049 | | |
| 10.70 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
H | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % | |
| 1,421,213 | | |
| 17.46 | % |
F | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % | |
| 1,145,778 | | |
| 14.08 | % |
Total | |
$ | 6,370,820 | | |
| 52.51 | % | |
$ | 2,566,991 | | |
| 31.54 | % |
Revenues | |
$ | 6,370,820 | | |
| 52.51 | % | |
$ | 2,566,991 | | |
| 31.54 | % |
The
following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of total accounts payable as of June 30, 2024
and December 31, 2023.
Suppliers | |
| | |
% of | | |
| | |
% of | |
| |
As of | | |
As of | |
| |
June 30, | | |
December 31, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Suppliers | |
| | |
% of | | |
| | |
% of | |
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
A | |
$ | 810,711 | | |
| 63.29 | % | |
$ | 829,815 | | |
| 89.25 | % |
B | |
| 211,509 | | |
| 16.51 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
Total | |
$ | 1,022,220 | | |
| 79.80 | % | |
| 829,815 | | |
| 89.25 | % |
Accounts payable | |
$ | 1,022,220 | | |
| 79.80 | % | |
| 829,815 | | |
| 89.25 | % |
There
following table sets forth information as to each supplier that accounted for 10% or more of total purchase during the six month ended
June 30, 2024 and 2023.
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Suppliers | |
| | |
% of | | |
| | |
% of | |
| |
Amount | | |
Total | | |
Amount | | |
Total | |
C | |
$ | 2,301,768 | | |
| 17.54 | % | |
$ | -* | | |
| -* | % |
D | |
| 1,811,820 | | |
| 13.80 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
E | |
| 1,438,856 | | |
| 10.96 | % | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % |
F | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % | |
| 1,831,395 | | |
| 26.35 | % |
G | |
| -* | | |
| -* | % | |
| 759,940 | | |
| 10.93 | % |
Total | |
$ | 5,552,444 | | |
| 42.3 | % | |
| 2,591,335 | | |
| 37.28 | % |
Cost of goods and services sold | |
$ | 5,552,444 | | |
| 42.3 | % | |
| 2,591,335 | | |
| 37.28 | % |
19.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The
Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through September 27, 2024, which was the date of the issuance
of the consolidated financial statements, and determined that no events would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated
financial statements other than that discussed above.
Exhibit
99.2
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The
information in this report contains forward-looking statements. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Disclosure
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with these statements.
Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of
many factors, including those set forth elsewhere in this report.
Overview
Our
vision is to provide people good and affordable products for daily commuting, powered by design and intelligent technologies. Our mission
is to become a leading innovative electric vehicle manufacturer provider in China. Leveraging our next generation technologies in connectivity,
multimedia interactive software systems and artificial intelligence, we are re-defining our products in order to provide users with convenient,
affordable and innovative driving experiences.
Currently,
we design, develop, manufacture and sell e-bicycles, e-mopeds, urban tricycles, and e-carts, such as elderly scooters, golf carts as
well as the automobile information and entertainment software development and design services to customers. We do not provide in-vehicle
entertainment services to end-users independently.
Key
Factors that Affect Operating Results
We
believe the following key factors may affect our financial condition and results of operations:
|
● |
our
ability to increase our sales volume; |
|
|
|
|
● |
our
ability to enhance our operational efficiency; and |
|
|
|
|
● |
our
ability to expand into international markets. |
Results
of Operations
Six
Months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
The
following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the six months ended June
30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related
notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of operations in any period are not necessarily indicative of our future trends.
| |
Six Months Ended | |
| |
June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Revenues | |
$ | 12,132,668 | | |
$ | 8,137,820 | |
Cost of revenues | |
| 10,768,717 | | |
| 6,954,364 | |
Gross Profit | |
| 1,363,951 | | |
| 1,183,456 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Operating expenses | |
| | | |
| | |
Selling and marketing expenses | |
| 329,471 | | |
| 325,800 | |
General and administrative expenses | |
| 878,547 | | |
| 284,134 | |
Research and development expenses | |
| 245,642 | | |
| 132,174 | |
Total operating expenses | |
| 1,453,660 | | |
| 742,108 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Operating (loss)/income | |
| (89,709 | ) | |
| 441,348 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Other expenses (income) | |
| | | |
| | |
Interest expense (income) | |
| (19,964 | ) | |
| 4,656 | |
Other (income) | |
| (45,537 | ) | |
| (484,545 | ) |
Total other income, net | |
| (65,501 | ) | |
| (479,889 | ) |
| |
| | | |
| | |
(loss)/Income before income tax expense | |
| (24,208 | ) | |
| 921,237 | |
Income tax expense | |
| 289,039 | | |
| 249,200 | |
Net (loss)/Income | |
| (313,247 | ) | |
| 672,037 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Net (loss)/Income | |
| (313,247 | ) | |
| 672,037 | |
Less: Net (loss)/income attributable to non-controlling interest | |
| 10,729 | | |
| (14,263 | ) |
Net (loss)/income attributable to LOBO EV Technologies LTD | |
| (302,518 | ) | |
| 657,774 | |
Segment
Information
The
Company has determined that it operates in two operating segments for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023: (1) electric vehicles
and accessories sales, and (2) software royalties and development and design services.
The
following tables present the summary of each reportable segment’s revenue and income, which are considered as segment operating
performance measures, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | |
| |
Electric vehicles and accessories sales | | |
Software royalties and development and design services | | |
| |
| |
Segment | | |
Segment | | |
Consolidated | |
Current assets | |
$ | 20,164,937 | | |
$ | 188,900 | | |
$ | 20,353,837 | |
Non-current assets | |
| 2,757,808 | | |
| 1,347,801 | | |
| 4,105,609 | |
Revenues | |
| 12,076,334 | | |
| 56,334 | | |
| 12,132,668 | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 89,791 | | |
| 413,978 | | |
| 503,769 | |
Segment income (loss) before tax | |
| 452,479 | | |
| (476,687 | ) | |
| (24,208 | ) |
Segment gross profit margin | |
| 14 | % | |
| -600 | % | |
| 11 | % |
Net income (loss) | |
$ | 163,440 | | |
| (476,687 | ) | |
| (313,247 | ) |
| |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 | |
| |
Electric vehicles and accessories sales | | |
Software royalties and development and design services | | |
| |
| |
Segment | | |
Segment | | |
Consolidated | |
Current assets | |
$ | 13,617,876 | | |
$ | 741,548 | | |
$ | 14,359,424 | |
Non-current assets | |
| 1,648,698 | | |
| 1,422,157 | | |
| 3,070,855 | |
Revenues | |
| 7,496,861 | | |
| 640,959 | | |
| 8,137,820 | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
| 91,200 | | |
| 230,139 | | |
| 321,339 | |
Segment income before tax | |
| 811,842 | | |
| 109,395 | | |
| 921,237 | |
Segment gross profit margin | |
| 12 | % | |
| 39 | % | |
| 15 | % |
Net income | |
$ | 590,072 | | |
$ | 81,965 | | |
$ | 672,037 | |
Depreciation
and amortization
The
increase of depreciation and amortization was primarily due to the increases in amortization of the intangibles in the software royalties
and development and design services segment.
Segment
income before tax
The
income before tax in the vehicles and accessories sales segment decreased by $359,363 to $452,479 for the six months ended June
30, 2024, from income before tax of $811,842 for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
The
income before tax in the software royalties and development and design services segment decreased by $586,082 to loss of $476,687
for the six months ended June 30, 2024, from income before tax of $109,395 for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Components
of Results of Operations
Revenues
Our
revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were $12,132,668 and $8,137,820, respectively. The 49% increase in revenues
was mainly driven by the increase in electric vehicles and accessories sales rebound from COVID-19.
The
revenues of the electric vehicles and accessories sales segment increased by $4,579,473 to $12,076,334 for the six months ended
June 30, 2024, from $7,496,861 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, representing an increase of approximately 61%, driven by increase
in sales of three-wheeled electric vehicles, parts and accessories.
A
detailed breakdown of sales revenues and units sold in the electric vehicles and accessories sales segment for the six months ended June
30, 2024 and 2023 is set forth below:
| |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, | | |
Variance | |
Electric vehicles and accessories sales revenues | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
Amount | | |
% | |
Two-wheeled E-bicycles | |
$ | 5,937,223 | | |
$ | 5,438,031 | | |
$ | 499,192 | | |
| 9.18 | % |
Two-wheeled E-Mopeds | |
| 93,775 | | |
| 738,615 | | |
| (644,840 | ) | |
| (87.30 | )% |
Three-wheeled Electric Vehicles | |
| 2,406,992 | | |
| 843,047 | | |
| 1,563,945 | | |
| 185.51 | % |
Three-wheeled Solar Electric Vehicles | |
| 7,690 | | |
| 0 | | |
| 7,690 | | |
| 100.00 | % |
Four-Wheeled Solar Electric off-highway Shuttles | |
| 1,095 | | |
| 0 | | |
| 1,095 | | |
| 100.00 | % |
Four-Wheeled Electric off-highway Shuttles | |
| 238,573 | | |
| 118,882 | | |
| 119,691 | | |
| 100.68 | % |
Batteries | |
| 2,579,825 | | |
| 199,822 | | |
| 2,380,003 | | |
| 1,191.06 | % |
Parts and Accessories | |
| 811,161 | | |
| 158,464 | | |
| 652,697 | | |
| 411.89 | % |
Total | |
$ | 12,076,334 | | |
$ | 7,496,861 | | |
$ | 4,579,473 | | |
| 61.09 | % |
| |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, | | |
Variance | |
Electric vehicles and accessories units sold | |
2024 | | |
2023 | | |
Amount | | |
% | |
Two-wheeled E-bicycles | |
| 25,147 | | |
| 26,988 | | |
| (1,841 | ) | |
| (6.82 | )% |
Two-wheeled E-Mopeds | |
| 554 | | |
| 2278 | | |
| (1,724 | ) | |
| (75.68 | )% |
Three-wheeled Electric Vehicles | |
| 7,765 | | |
| 2,789 | | |
| 4,976 | | |
| 178.42 | % |
Three-wheeled Solar Electric Vehicles | |
| 15 | | |
| 0 | | |
| 15 | | |
| 100.00 | % |
Four-Wheeled Solar Electric off-highway Shuttles | |
| 1 | | |
| 0 | | |
| 1 | | |
| 100.00 | % |
Four-Wheeled Electric off-highway Shuttles | |
| 322 | | |
| 133 | | |
| 189 | | |
| 142.11 | % |
Batteries | |
| 4,707 | | |
| 4,045 | | |
| 662 | | |
| 16.37 | % |
Parts and Accessories | |
| 119,335 | | |
| 27,088 | | |
| 92,247 | | |
| 340.55 | % |
Total | |
| 157,846 | | |
| 63,321 | | |
| 94,525 | | |
| 149.28 | % |
The
software royalties and development and design services segment provides software solutions development for automotive electronics, like
multimedia interactive system, multifunctional rear-view mirrors, and dash-cam, and household solar electronic system. We developed this
segment primarily through collaborating with and subcontracting from tier-one automobile suppliers.
The
revenues of the software royalties and development and design services segment decreased by $584,625 to $56,334 for the six months ended
June 30, 2024, from $640,959 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, representing a decrease of approximately 91%.
Cost
of revenues
Cost
of revenues consists primarily of manufacturing and purchase cost of raw materials, battery packs, depreciation, maintenance, and other
overhead expenses. Our cost of revenues increased by $3,814,353, or 55%, to $10,768,717 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $6,954,364
for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The percentage increase in cost of revenue was consistent with the 49% increase
in revenues.
Gross
profit
Gross
profits for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were $1,363,951 and $1,183,456, representing 11% and 15% of
revenues, respectively.
Selling
and marketing expenses
Our
selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits, office expense, and freight expense. Our selling and marketing
expenses were $329,471 and $325,800 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The selling and marketing expenses
increased primarily due to hiring more salesforce to capture the momentum of the revenue increase and more salary expenses were incurred.
General
and administrative expenses
Our
general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and welfare expenses, rent expenses, and depreciation. Our general
and administrative expenses were $878,547 and $284,134 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the increase is primarily
due to the increase in professional fees in the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Research
and development expenses
Research
and development expenses are related to certain software research and development for internal use. Research and development expenses
primarily consist of employee salaries and benefit costs. Research and development expenses were $245,642 and $132,174 for the six months
ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Income
tax expense
The
PRC enterprise income tax (“EIT”) is calculated based on the taxable income determined under the applicable EIT Law and its
implementation rules, which became effective on January 1, 2008. The EIT Law applies a uniform 25% income tax rate for all resident enterprises
in China. Income tax expenses amounted to $289,039 and $249,200 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change
resulted from the change in our subsidiaries’ taxable income .
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing, our net loss/incomes for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were $(313,247) and $672,037, respectively.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
As
of June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,115,181, and a total working capital of $4,758,384.
We
believe that we will generate sufficient cash flows to fund our operations and to meet our obligations on a timely basis for the next
12 months assuming the successful implementation of our business plans.
To
utilize the proceeds from the IPO, we may make additional loans or capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries. PRC laws and regulations
allow an offshore holding company to provide funding to our PRC subsidiaries only through loans or capital contributions, subject to
the filing or approval of government authorities and limits on the amount of capital contributions and loans. Subject to satisfaction
of applicable government registration and approval requirements, we may extend inter-company loans to our PRC subsidiaries or make additional
capital contributions to fund their capital expenditures or working capital. For an increase of registered capital, our PRC subsidiaries
need to file such change of registered capital with the State Administration for Market Regulation (the “SAMR”) or its local
counterparts through the enterprise registration system and the national enterprise credit information publicity system, and the SAMR
or its local counterparts will then submit such information to the China’s Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts.
If the holding company provides funding to our PRC subsidiaries through loans, (a) in the event that the foreign debt management mechanism
as provided in the Measures for Foreign Debts Registration and Administration and other relevant rules applies, the balance of such loans
cannot exceed the difference between the total investment and the registered capital of the subsidiaries and we will need to register
such loans with the SAFE or its local branches, or (b) in the event that the mechanism as provided in the Notice of the People’s
Bank of China on Matters concerning the Macro-Prudential Management of Full-Covered Cross-Border Financing, or PBOC Notice No. 9, applies,
the balance of such loans will be subject to the risk-weighted approach and the net asset limits and we will need to file the loans with
the SAFE in its information system pursuant to applicable requirements and guidelines issued by the SAFE or its local branches.
Cash
Flows
The
following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
Net cash used in operating activities | |
$ | (1,112,695 | ) | |
$ | (138,265 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | |
| (765,377 | ) | |
| (178,886 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | |
| 2,516,551 | | |
| 521,690 | |
Effect of exchange rate changes | |
| 6,367 | | |
| (17,197 | ) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | |
$ | 644,846 | | |
$ | 187,342 | |
Operating
Activities
Net
cash used in operating activities was $1,112,695 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily derived from (a) an increase
of inventories of $3,304,383; (b) an increase of prepaid expenses of $679,115, offset by (a) an increase of advance from customers of
$1,114,290, and (b) an increase of VAT payable of $1,009,699. The increase in VAT payable was primarily due to the increase of revenues.
The increase in prepaid expenses was primarily due to the prepayment to vendors.
Net
cash used in operating activities was $138,265 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily derived from (a) an increase of inventories
of $1,216,371; (b) an increase of prepaid expenses of $1,858,070, (c) a decrease of accounts payable of $989,725, offset by (a) an increase
of advance from customers of $1,395,028, and (b) an increase of VAT payable of $584,518. The increase in accounts payable and VAT payable
was primarily due to the increase of revenues. The increase in prepaid expenses was primarily due to the prepayment to vendors.
Investing
Activities
For
the six months ended June 30, 2024 , net cash used in investing activities was $765,377, which was primarily due to purchase
of intangible assets of $503,617, interest-free loan to related parties of $7,123,895, offset by interest-free loans repaid by related
parties of $7,102,415.
For
the six months ended June 30, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $178,886, which was primarily due to reorganization consideration
paid of $1,437,646, and interest-free loan to related parties of $11,319,657, offset by interest-free loans repaid by related parties
of $12,913,860.
Financing
Activities
For
the six months ended June 30, 2024 , net cash provided by financing activities was $2,516,551, primarily due to $2,696,327 net proceeds
from IPO.
For
the six months ended June 30, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $521,690, primarily due to $784,512 proceeds from interest-free
loan from related parties.
Trend
Information
We
are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our
net revenues, net income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily
to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
We
did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships
with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose
entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited
purposes.
Tabular
Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
Commitments
and Contingencies
From
time to time, we may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although
the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, we do not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material
adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Operating
Lease
Our
operating lease contractual obligations as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:
The periods ending December 31, | |
| |
2024 (remaining 6 months) | |
| 548,243 | |
2025 | |
| 378,249 | |
2026 | |
| 362,001 | |
2027 | |
| 119,439 | |
Total minimum lease payments | |
| 1,407,932 | |
Less: present value discount | |
| (73,097 | ) |
Present value of minimum lease payments | |
$ | 1,334,835 | |
Other
than those shown above, we did not have any significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations, or guarantees as of June
30, 2024.
v3.24.3
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v3.24.3
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)
|
Jun. 30, 2024 |
Dec. 31, 2023 |
Current assets: |
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ 1,115,181
|
$ 470,335
|
Accounts receivable, net |
2,339,830
|
2,532,551
|
Inventories, net |
8,886,337
|
5,737,781
|
Short-term investments |
184,231
|
56,768
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
7,828,258
|
7,307,478
|
Total current assets |
20,353,837
|
16,104,913
|
Property and equipment, net |
986,122
|
1,080,747
|
Intangible assets, net |
1,996,823
|
1,916,362
|
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net |
1,122,664
|
569,462
|
Total Assets |
24,459,446
|
19,671,484
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
Accounts payable |
1,281,014
|
929,816
|
Advances from customers |
2,613,072
|
1,555,424
|
Other current payables |
393,297
|
370,913
|
VAT payable |
6,450,933
|
6,078,846
|
Taxes payable |
2,669,546
|
2,372,646
|
Operating lease liabilities, current |
701,446
|
362,720
|
Total current liabilities |
15,595,453
|
13,341,736
|
Long-term Loan |
137,605
|
140,847
|
Operating lease liabilities, non-current |
633,389
|
298,961
|
Other payables |
|
11,320
|
Total liabilities |
16,366,447
|
13,792,864
|
Commitments and contingencies |
|
|
Equity: |
|
|
Common stock (par value of $0.001 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 7,780,000 and 6,400,000 issued and outstanding, as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively) |
7,780
|
6,400
|
Additional paid-in capital |
5,708,280
|
3,013,333
|
Retained earnings |
2,102,211
|
2,490,044
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
(529,893)
|
(377,790)
|
Statutory reserve |
606,881
|
521,566
|
Total LOBO EV Technologies LTD’s shareholders’ equity |
7,895,259
|
5,653,553
|
Non-controlling interest |
197,740
|
225,067
|
Total Equity |
8,092,999
|
5,878,620
|
Total Liabilities and Equity |
24,459,446
|
19,671,484
|
Related Party [Member] |
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
Amounts due to related parties |
$ 1,486,145
|
$ 1,671,371
|
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