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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

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For the transition period from            to           .

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Commission file number: 001-35347

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Clovis Oncology, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

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(303) 625-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ⌧    No  ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of April 29, 2022 was 143,879,140.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

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FORM 10-Q

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except for share amounts)

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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(Unaudited)

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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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1. Nature of Business

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Clovis Oncology, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”, “Clovis”, “we”, “our”, “us”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, Europe and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use. We have and intend to continue to license or acquire rights to oncology compounds in all stages of development. In exchange for the right to develop and commercialize these compounds, we generally expect to provide the licensor with a combination of upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties on future sales. In addition, we generally expect to assume the responsibility for future drug development and commercialization costs. We currently operate in two segments. Since inception, our operations have consisted primarily of developing in-licensed compounds, evaluating new product acquisition candidates and general corporate activities and since 2016 we have also marketed and sold products.

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Our marketed product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for two indications specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and also an indication specific to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”). The initial indication received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in December 2016 and covers the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. Rubraca received a second approval from the FDA in April 2018 for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication.

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In May 2020, the FDA approved Rubraca for the treatment of adult patients with mCRPC associated with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) who have been treated previously with androgen receptor-directed therapy and a taxane-based chemotherapy and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. The FDA approved this indication under accelerated approval based on objective response rate and duration of response data from the TRITON2 clinical trial. As an accelerated approval, continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. The TRITON3 clinical trial is expected to serve as the confirmatory study for Rubraca’s approval in mCRPC as well as the basis for us to seek a potential second-line label expansion. We anticipate the initial data readout from TRITON3 in the third quarter of 2022.

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In Europe, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization in May 2018 for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in Europe for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Following successful reimbursement negotiations, Rubraca is marketed in each of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Switzerland.

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Beyond our labeled indications, we have a clinical development program underway to further evaluate Rubraca in a variety of solid tumor types, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, including the ATHENA Phase 3 study as part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb Company (“Bristol Myers Squibb”) to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca.

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On March 31, 2022, we announced positive top-line data from the monotherapy portion of the ATHENA (GOG 3020/ENGOT-ov45) trial (ATHENA-MONO) demonstrating that Rubraca as maintenance treatment successfully achieved the primary endpoint of significantly improved investigator-assessed progression-free survival (“PFS”) compared with placebo. Benefit was observed in both primary efficacy analyses of newly-diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer following successful treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: those who had homologous recombination deficiency (HRD-positive), including deleterious BRCA mutations, as well as all patients randomized in the trial (overall intent-to-treat population (“ITT”)). Benefit in PFS was also seen in the exploratory subgroups of patients with BRCA mutant (BRCAm) tumors, BRCA wild type HRD-negative and BRCA wild type HRD-positive and in patients with unknown biomarker status. The safety of Rubraca observed in the ATHENA-MONO study was consistent with both the US and European labels.

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The timing for Phase 3 data readouts from each of TRITON3 and ATHENA-COMBO is contingent upon the occurrence of the protocol-specified PFS events, and timing estimates are based on event-based projections.

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We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca.

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FAP-2286 is our initial product candidate to emerge from our targeted radionuclide collaboration with 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH (“3BP”). FAP-2286 is a peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (“PTRT”) and imaging agent targeting fibroblast activation protein (“FAP”). PTRT uses cancer cell-targeting peptides to deliver radiation-emitting radionuclides specifically to tumors. Following the clearance by the FDA of two INDs submitted in December 2020 to support the use of FAP-2286 as an imaging and treatment agent, we initiated the phase 1 portion of the LuMIERE clinical study in June 2021. LuMIERE is a phase 1/2 study of FAP-2286 labeled with lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu-FAP-2286) evaluating the compound in patients with advanced solid tumors to determine the dose, schedule, and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. We are currently enrolling patients in the third dose cohort, and we plan to initiate phase 2 expansion cohorts during the fourth quarter of 2022. FAP-2286 labeled with gallium-68 (⁶⁸Ga-FAP-2286) is being utilized to identify tumors that contain FAP for treatment in this study.

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We plan to present phase 1 clinical data from LuMIERE in an oral presentation at the Society of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging (“SNMMI”) Annual Meeting in June 2022. During 2022, we also anticipate additional presentations of non-clinical data for FAP-2286 and the launch of our combination study program to explore FAP-2286 in combination with other oncology compounds, and in 2023, a potential IND filing of FAP-2286 linked to a FAP-targeted alpha-emitter PTRT.

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We hold U.S. and global rights to FAP-2286, excluding Europe (defined to include Russia, Turkey and Israel), where 3BP retains rights. We are also collaborating with 3BP on a discovery program directed to up to three additional, undisclosed targets for targeted radionuclide therapy, to which we would have global rights for any resulting product candidates.

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Lucitanib, our product candidate currently in clinical development, is an investigational, oral, potent angiogenesis inhibitor which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). Lucitanib inhibits the same three pathways as Lenvima® (lenvatinib), which has received an FDA approval for use in certain populations of patients with endometrial cancer in combination with Keytruda® (pembrolizumab), a PD-1 inhibitor. This, together with preclinical data for lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor that demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to that of single agents, represent a scientific rationale for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, and in February 2019, lucitanib was added to our clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb. The phase 1b/2 LIO-1 study evaluated the combination of lucitanib and Opdivo in gynecologic cancers. Interim data from the non-clear cell ovarian cancer expansion cohort were presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (“ASCO”) 2021 and the initial efficacy data do not support further development in non-clear cell ovarian cancer. The remaining three cohorts, which include non-clear cell endometrial, cervical and clear-cell ovarian and endometrial cancers, showed sufficient responses in stage one of each of the cohorts to advance to stage 2. The data from the cervical cohort was presented at the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (“SGO”) 2022 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer in March 2022 and represent encouraging data in this subset of gynecological cancers. Phase 2 LIO-1 efficacy and safety data results across the different types of gynecologic cancers will also be presented at the ASCO 2022 Annual Meeting in June. However, given the competing priorities, including development of FAP-2286, we have determined that we will not pursue further development of lucitanib in gynecological cancers at this time.

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We hold the global (excluding China) development and commercialization rights for lucitanib.

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Going Concern and Management Plans

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We have incurred significant net losses since inception and have relied on our ability to fund our operations through debt and equity financings. We expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future even with Rubraca now generating revenues. Rubraca revenues have not been consistent in prior quarters, mainly as a result of the impact of COVID-19 and competition from other products on the market, including the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer, which has made forecasting revenues difficult. In addition to factors described, future Rubraca revenues will depend, in part, on the timing and extent of any recovery from the impacts of COVID-19, with any such recovery of revenues expected to take several quarters to have a meaningful impact on our financial results. We do not expect to generate a sufficient amount of Rubraca revenues to finance our cash requirements in the foreseeable future, and which we may never be able to do in sufficient amounts. We require significant cash resources to execute our business plans and we will need to raise additional cash to continue to fund our operating plan. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all, especially given that we will need our stockholders to approve an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to increase the number of shares of common stock that we are authorized to issue. The aforementioned factors, which are largely outside of our control, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of filing of this quarterly report.

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In the near term, we believe there is some flexibility within our operating plan, particularly with managing certain discretionary expenses, to adjust to variations in our expected Rubraca revenues and the availability and timing of potential sources of financings to meet our working capital requirements. However, based on our current cash, cash equivalents and liquidity available under our ATHENA clinical financing agreement, together with current estimates for revenues generated by sales of Rubraca, we will need to raise additional capital in the near term in order to fund our operating plan for the next 12 months and to continue as a going concern. Our ability to obtain additional financing (including through collaborating and licensing arrangements) will depend on a number of factors, including, among others, our ability to generate positive data from our clinical studies and to obtain label expansions through regulatory approvals, the condition of the capital markets and the other risks described under Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (“2021 Form 10-K”). We expect to finance our operating plan through a combination of public or private equity or debt offerings, collaborations, strategic alliances and other similar licensing arrangements in both the short term and the long term.

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We currently have capacity to issue approximately $16.5 million of additional shares of common stock under our previously established ATM Program, assuming the remaining authorized but unissued shares of our common stock are sold at an offering price of $2.03 per share, the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on May 2, 2022. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any shares of our common stock under the ATM Program or regarding the price at which we will be able to sell any such shares, and any sales of shares of our common stock under the ATM Program may be at prices that result in additional dilution to existing stockholders of the Company.

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We will not be able to raise sufficient additional capital through public or private equity offerings (or offerings of securities convertible into our equity securities) until our stockholders approve a proposed reverse stock split of our common stock at our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which, when implemented by our board of directors, will have the effect of increasing the number of authorized but unissued and unreserved shares of our common stock that are available to be issued. We cannot be certain that our stockholders will approve such a proposal. In the event our stockholders do not approve such a proposal, our ability to raise capital to fund our operations beyond the next 12 months will be significantly limited.

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In light of the uncertainty about our ability to raise sufficient capital through potential equity offerings (or offerings of securities convertible into equity securities), we are considering other sources of funding, potentially through incurring further indebtedness or entering into strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements for one or more of our products or product candidates in which we may have to give up certain of our future commercialization or other rights to obtain interim funding. We are exploring various partnership and licensing arrangements for our products and product candidates outside the U.S., but those will largely depend on our ability to generate positive data from our

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clinical studies and to obtain label expansions through regulatory approvals. We cannot be certain that such other sources of funding will be available to us or on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts to meet our requirements.

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In the event that we are unable to raise sufficient additional capital, which is dependent on factors outside of our control, we will need to cut expenses further, including potentially delaying, scaling back or eliminating certain of our pipeline development programs, and undertake a more significant restructuring of our operations, in order to continue as a going concern and fund our committed obligations and working capital requirements. There can be no assurances that we will be able to achieve such a restructuring or that such a restructuring will be successful over the long term to allow us to fund our requirements and our plan to invest sufficient amounts to fund the development of FAP-2286 to its potential.

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Basis of Presentation

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All financial information presented includes the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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The unaudited financial statements of Clovis Oncology, Inc. included herein reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented herein. Interim results may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in audited financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in our 2021 Form 10-K for a broader discussion of our business and the opportunities and risks inherent in such business.

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Use of Estimates

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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including estimates related to revenue deductions, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

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In August 2020, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies an issuer’s accounting for debt and equity instruments. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2022 and there was no material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Revenue Recognition

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We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the United States and Europe markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts. 

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Product Revenue

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Revenue from product sales are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when customers obtain control of our product at a point in time, typically upon delivery. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a

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contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is one year or less.

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Reserves for Variable Consideration

Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (“transaction price”), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from price concessions that include rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance, estimated product returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between us and our customers, health care providers, payors and other indirect customers relating to the sales of our product. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable or a current liability. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we adjust these estimates, which would affect product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

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Government Rebates. Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Medicare coverage gap program, the Tricare health program and various European National Health Service, Sick Fund and Clawback programs. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of products to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public-sector benefit providers. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our rebate estimates are based upon a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for the estimated payor mix. The accrual for rebates is based on the expected utilization from historical data we have accumulated since the Rubraca product launch.

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GPO and Payor Rebates. We contract with various private payor organizations and group purchasing organizations (“GPO”), primarily insurance companies, pharmacy benefit managers and hospitals, for the payment of rebates with respect to utilization of our products. We estimate these rebates and record such estimates in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability.

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Chargebacks. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of GPOs, Public Health Service (“PHS”) organizations and federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, purchase directly from our specialty distributors at a discounted price. The specialty distributor, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the specialty distributor and the discounted price paid to the specialty distributor by the healthcare provider. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and accounts receivable. The accrual for specialty distributor chargebacks is estimated based on known chargeback rates and known sales to specialty distributors adjusted for the estimated utilization by healthcare providers.

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Discounts and Fees. Our payment terms generally range from 30 to 60 days. Specialty distributors and specialty pharmacies are offered various forms of consideration, including service fees and prompt pay discounts for payment within a specified period. We expect these customers will earn prompt pay discounts and therefore, we deduct the full amount of these discounts and service fees from product sales when revenue is recognized.

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Co-pay assistance. Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient’s out of pocket costs. Liabilities for co-pay assistance are based on actual program participation provided by third-party administrators at month end.

Returns. Consistent with industry practice, we generally offer customers a right of return limited only to product that is considered short dated or product that is six months beyond the expiration date. To date, we have had minimal

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product returns and we currently do not have an accrual for product returns. We will continue to assess our estimate for product returns based on additional historical experience.

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Cost of Sales – Product

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Product cost of sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs as well as freight and royalties owed to our licensing partners for Rubraca sales.

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Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization

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Cost of sales for intangible asset amortization consists of the amortization of capitalized milestone payments made to our licensing partners upon FDA approval of Rubraca. Milestone payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca.

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Accounts Receivable

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We provide an allowance for credit losses based on experience and specifically identified risks. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance when we determine that recovery is unlikely and we cease collection efforts.

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Inventory

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Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventories include active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), contract manufacturing costs and overhead allocations. We begin capitalizing incurred inventory related costs upon regulatory approval. Prior to regulatory approval, incurred costs for the manufacture of the drugs that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of our products are recognized as research and development expense.

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We regularly analyze our inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration), considering factors such as historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. Rubraca finished goods have a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture. We expect to sell the finished goods prior to expiration. The API currently has a shelf-life of five years from the date of manufacture but can be retested at an immaterial cost with no expected reduction in potency, thereby extending its shelf-life as needed. We expect to consume substantially all of the API over a period of approximately seven years based on our long-range sales projections of Rubraca.

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We write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and/or inventory in excess of expected sales requirements. Expired inventory would be disposed of and the related costs would be written off as cost of product revenue. Inventories that are not expected to be consumed within 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term inventories. Long-term inventories primarily consist of API.

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API is currently produced by Lonza. As the API has undergone significant manufacturing specific to its intended purpose at the point it is purchased by us, we classify the API as work-in-process inventory. In addition, we currently manufacture Rubraca finished goods with a single third-party manufacturer. The disruption or termination of the supply of API or the disruption or termination of the manufacturing of our commercial products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. API that is written off due to damage and certain costs related to our production train at Lonza are included in Other Operating Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

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Inventory used in clinical trials is expensed as research and development expense when it has been identified for such use.

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Segment Information

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We have two operating and reportable segments, U.S. and ex-U.S., based on product revenue by geographic areas. We designated our reporting segments based on the internal reporting used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker

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(“CODM”), which is our Chief Executive Officer, for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reportable segments. The CODM allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment based on product revenue by geographic areas. Accordingly, we view our business as two reportable operating segments to evaluate performance, allocate resources, set operational targets and forecast our future period financial results.

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We manage our assets on a company basis, not by segments, as many of our assets are shared or commingled. Our CODM does not regularly review asset information by reportable segment. The majority of long-lived assets for both segments are located in the United States.

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Research and Development Expense

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Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include, but are not limited to, salary and benefits, share-based compensation, clinical trial activities, drug development and manufacturing, companion diagnostic development and third-party service fees, including contract research organizations and investigative sites.

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Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors on their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred and are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as prepaid or accrued research and development expenses.

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Our other significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Form 10-K.

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3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

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Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (at exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:

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The following table identifies our assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

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There were no liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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Financial instruments not recorded at fair value include our convertible senior notes. At March 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the 2024 Notes (2019 Issuance) was $84.5 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $57.5 million. At March 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the 2024 Notes (2020 Issuance) was $56.9 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $44.0 million. At March 31, 2022, the carrying amount of the 2025 Notes was $295.9 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $205.1 million. The fair value was determined using Level 2 inputs based on the indicative pricing published by certain investment banks or trading levels of the convertible senior notes, which are not listed on any securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer automated quotation system. See Note 9, Debt for discussion of the convertible senior notes. The carrying amounts of accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.

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4. Inventories

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The following table presents inventories as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

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5. Other Current Assets

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Other current assets were comprised of the following (in thousands):

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6. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

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Intangible assets related to capitalized milestones under license agreements consisted of the following (in thousands):

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The estimated useful lives of these intangible assets are based on the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca and extend through 2031 in Europe and 2035 in the U.S.

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We recorded amortization expense of $1.3 million related to capitalized milestone payments during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021. Amortization expense is included in cost of sales – intangible asset amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

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Estimated future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be as follows (in thousands):

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7. Other Accrued Expenses

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Other accrued expenses were comprised of the following (in thousands):

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8. Leases

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At the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. We elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of one year or less. Lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, we utilize the appropriate incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term at an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.

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The components of a lease should be split into three categories: lease components (e.g. land, building, etc.), non-lease components (e.g. common area maintenance, maintenance, consumables, etc.) and non-components (e.g. property taxes, insurance, etc.). Then the fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any related to non-components) must be allocated based on fair values assigned to the lease components and non-lease components.

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Our facilities operating leases have lease components, non-lease components and non-components, which we have separated because the non-lease components and non-components have variable lease payments and are excluded from the measurement of the lease liabilities. The lease component results in a right-of-use asset being recorded on the balance sheet and amortized as lease expense on a straight-line basis to the statements of operations.

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We lease all of our office facilities in the U.S. and Europe. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

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Prior to June 30, 2021, we had a finance lease and operating lease for certain equipment at the production train at Lonza, our non-exclusive manufacturer of the Rubraca API. Pursuant to the terms of Amendment 2 discussed in Note

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14, Commitments and Contingencies, we derecognized the lease components recognized under the original agreement with Lonza. This includes the operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, finance lease liabilities and ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets and liability.

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The components of lease expense and related cash flows were as follows (in thousands):

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The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate were as follows:

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Future minimum commitments due under these lease agreements as of March 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

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9. Debt

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The following is a summary of our convertible senior notes at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (principal amount in thousands):