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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 20, 2021

Securities Act File No. 333-260208

 

 

 

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-2

 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

		THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933		☒

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1

Post-Effective Amendment No.

 

 

LOGAN RIDGE FINANCE CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in charter)

 

 

650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor

New York, New York 10022

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including Area Code: (212) 891-2880

Edward Goldthorpe

Chief Executive Officer and President

Logan Ridge Finance Corporation

650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor

New York, New York 10022

(Name and address of agent for service)

 

 

COPIES TO:

Rajib Chanda, Esq.

Christopher P. Healey, Esq.

Steven Grigoriou, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

900 G Street NW

Washington, DC 20001

(202) 636-500

 

 

Approximate date of proposed public offering: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box  ☐.

If any of the securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto, check the following box  ☒.

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box  ☐.

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box  ☐.

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

 

☐

when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c)

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

☐

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed registration statement.

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☐

This form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is                 .

☐

This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is                 .

☐

This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is                 .

Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:

 

☐

Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)).

☒

Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act).

☐

Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).

☒

A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).

☐

Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

☐

Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”).

☐

If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.

☐

New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

Title of Securities Being Registered		Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)		Amount of Registration Fee(1)
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share(3)(4)
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share(3)
Subscription Rights(3)
Warrants(5)
Debt Securities(6)
Total(7)		$500,000,000		$54,550(2)

(1)

Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee. The proposed maximum offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale by the Registrant of the securities registered under this Registration Statement.

(2)

Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the Registrant is carrying forward to this Registration Statement $500,000,000 in aggregate offering price of unsold securities that the Registrant previously registered on its registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-230336) initially filed on April 19, 2019 (the ‘‘Prior Registration Statement’’). Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the filing fee previously paid with respect to such unsold securities will continue to be applied to such unsold securities. The amount of the registration fee in the ‘‘Calculation of Registration Fee Under the Securities Act of 1933’’ table reflects that no additional securities are being registered hereunder. As a result, no additional filing fee is being paid herewith. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the offering of unsold securities under the Prior Registration Statement will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this Registration Statement.

(3)	Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, or subscription rights to purchase shares of common stock as may be sold, from time to time.

(4)	Includes such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may, from time to time, be issued upon conversion or exchange of other securities registered hereunder, to the extent any such securities are, by their terms, convertible or exchangeable for common stock.

(5)	Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of warrants as may be sold, from time to time, representing rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities of the Registrant.

(6)

Subject to Note 7 below, there is being registered hereunder an indeterminate number of debt securities as may be sold, from time to time. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate price to investors not to exceed $500,000,000.

(7)	In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to this registration statement exceed $500,000,000.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 20, 2021

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Logan Ridge Finance Corporation

$500,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Subscription Rights

Warrants

Debt Securities

 

 

We are an externally managed non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation through debt and equity investments.

We are externally managed by our investment adviser, Mount Logan Management, LLC, an investment adviser that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. BC Partners Management LLC provides certain administrative services necessary for us to operate.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “LRFC”. On December 10, 2021, the last reported sales price on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for our common stock was $23.52 per share. Our 6.0% notes due 2022 are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CPTAL”. On December 10, 2021, the last reported sales price on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for our 6.0% notes due 2022 was $25.26. Our 5.75% convertible notes due 2022 are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CPTAG”. On December 10, 2021, the last reported sales price on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for our 5.75% convertible notes due 2022 was $25.56.

 

 

An investment in our common stock is subject to risks and involves a heightened risk of total loss of investment. In addition, the companies in which we invest are subject to special risks. For example, we invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “high yield” or “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 21 of this prospectus, and in, or incorporated by reference into, the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we may authorize for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, to read about factors you should consider, including the risk of leverage (see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure”), before investing in our securities.

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings or series, our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights to purchase shares of our securities or a combination of our securities, and warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our securities or a combination of the foregoing, which we refer to, collectively, as the “securities.” The preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights and warrants offered hereby may be convertible or exchangeable into shares of our common stock. The securities may be offered at prices and on terms to be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. In the event we offer common stock, the offering price per share of our common stock less any underwriting commissions or discounts will generally not be less than the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time we make the offering. However, we may issue shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus at a price per share that is less than our net asset value per share (a) in connection with a rights offering to our existing stockholders, (b) with the prior approval of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of (1) the outstanding shares of our common stock and (2) the outstanding shares of the our common stock held by persons that are not affiliated persons of the Company or (c) under such circumstances as the SEC may permit.

This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to an offering of our securities. We will provide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, and any related free writing prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the securities being offered. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the SEC. This information is available free of charge by contacting us by mail at 650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor, New York, New York 10022, by telephone at (212) 891-2880 or on our website at http://www.loganridgefinance.com. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains such information. Information contained on our website or on the SEC’s website about us is not incorporated into this prospectus or any supplement hereto and you should not consider information contained on our website or on the SEC’s website to be part of this prospectus or any supplement hereto.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

The date of this prospectus is                    , 2021.

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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized any dealer, salesman or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained in this prospectus, any such prospectus supplements or any free writing prospectuses as if we had authorized it. This prospectus, any such prospectus supplements or any free writing prospectuses do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy any security other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do they constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. The information contained in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus, any such prospectus supplements or any free writing prospectuses is accurate as of the dates on their covers. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since then.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE			1
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS			2
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY			3
THE OFFERING			13
FEES AND EXPENSES			18
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS			20
RISK FACTORS			21
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND PROJECTIONS			22
USE OF PROCEEDS			24
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTIONS			25
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS			26
SENIOR SECURITIES			27
BUSINESS			28
PORTFOLIO COMPANIES			35
MANAGEMENT			39
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS			42
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS			43
REGULATION AS A BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY			45
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE			50
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN			53
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS			54
SALES OF COMMON STOCK BELOW NET ASSET VALUE			70
DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK			74
DESCRIPTION OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK			81

 

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS			82
DESCRIPTION OF OUR WARRANTS			84
DESCRIPTION OF OUR DEBT SECURITIES			86
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION			102
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR			104
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES			104
LEGAL MATTERS			104
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM			104
AVAILABLE INFORMATION			104

 

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INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to comprise a part of this prospectus from the date we file any such document. Any reports filed by us with the SEC subsequent to the date of this prospectus and before the date that any offering of any securities by means of this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is terminated will automatically update and, where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

We incorporate by reference into this prospectus our filings listed below, all filings filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and any future filings that we may file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, subsequent to the date of this prospectus until all of the securities offered by this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement have been sold or we otherwise terminate the offering of those securities; provided, however, that information “furnished” under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K or other information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed filed is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement. Information that we file with the SEC subsequent to the date of this prospectus will automatically update and may supersede information in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and other information previously filed with the SEC.

The prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that have been previously filed with the SEC:

 

•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on March 8, 2021;

 

•

our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on May 3, 2021, and for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021 filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021 and for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021 filed with the SEC on November 10, 2021;

 

•

the Financial Highlights included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018;

 

•

our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2021, April 21, 2021, May  3, 2021, May 28, 2021, July  1, 2021 and August 20, 2021 (other than any information furnished rather than filed);

 

•

our definitive Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on May 4, 2021 and July 23, 2021 (to the extent explicitly incorporated by reference into our Annual Report Form 10-K); and

 

•

the description of our common stock referenced in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (No. 001-36090), as filed with the SEC on September 24, 2013, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description prior to the termination of the offering of the common stock registered hereby.

To obtain copies of these filings, see “Available Information.” We will also provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, a copy of any and all of the documents that have been or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should direct requests for documents by writing to:

Logan Ridge Finance Corporation

650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor

New York, New York 10022

Phone number: (212) 891-2880

 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to an offering of our securities. We will provide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, and any related free writing prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the securities being offered. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the SEC. This information is available free of charge by contacting us by mail at 650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor, New York, New York 10022, by telephone at (212) 891-2880 or on our website at http://www.loganridgefinance.com. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains such information. Information contained on our website or on the SEC’s website about us is not incorporated into this prospectus or any supplement hereto and you should not consider information contained on our website or on the SEC’s website to be part of this prospectus or any supplement hereto.

We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. In a prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, we may also add, update, or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, will include all material information relating to the applicable offering. Before buying any of the securities being offered, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with any exhibits and the additional information described in the sections titled “Available Information,” “Incorporation By Reference,” “Prospectus Summary” and “Risk Factors.”

This prospectus includes summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described in this prospectus, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed, or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described in the section titled “Available Information.”

 

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FEES AND EXPENSES

The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that you will bear directly or indirectly. We caution you that some of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “you”, “Logan Ridge”, or “us” or that “we” or “Logan Ridge” will pay fees or expenses, Logan Ridge will pay such fees and expenses out of our net assets and, consequently, you will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as an investor in Logan Ridge. However, you will not be required to deliver any money or otherwise bear personal liability or responsibility for such fees or expenses.

 

Stockholder transaction expenses:
Sales load (as a percentage of offering price)			N/A	(1)
Offering expenses borne by us (as a percentage of offering price)			N/A	(2)
Dividend reinvestment plan fees (per sales transaction fee)		$	15.00	(3)
Total stockholder transaction expenses (as a percentage of offering price)			—	%
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common stock):
Base management fee			4.48	%(4)
Incentive fees payable from Net Investment Income			—	%(5)
Incentive fee payable from Capital Gains			—	%(5)
Interest payments on borrowed funds			6.54	%(6)
Other expenses			4.45	(7)
Total annual expenses			15.48	%(8)

 

(1)	In the event that the shares to which this prospectus relates are sold to or through underwriters, a corresponding prospectus supplement will disclose the applicable sales load.

(2)	The prospectus supplement corresponding to each offering will disclose the applicable estimated amount of offering expenses of the offering and the offering expenses borne by us as a percentage of the offering price.

(3)

If a participant elects by written notice to the plan administrator to have the plan administrator sell part or all of the shares held by the plan administrator in the participant’s account and remit the proceeds to the participant, the plan administrator is authorized to deduct a transaction fee of $15.00 plus a $.10 per share brokerage commission from the proceeds. The expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan are included in “other expenses.” The plan administrator’s fees will be paid by us. There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to stockholders who participate in the plan. For additional information, see “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

(4)

Reflects our gross base management fee as a percentage of net assets. Our base management fee under the Investment Advisory Agreement is calculated at an annual rate of 1.75% of our gross assets, which is our total assets as reflected on our balance sheet and includes any borrowings for investment purposes. The gross base management fee reflected in the table above is based on the period ended September 30, 2021, annualized. See “Investment Advisory Agreement.”

(5)

Assumes that annual incentive fees earned by Mount Logan remain consistent with the incentive fees earned by Capitala during the period ended September 30, 2021 and includes accrued capital gains incentive fee, as applicable. As we cannot predict whether we will meet the thresholds for incentive fees under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the incentive fees paid in subsequent periods, if any, may be substantially different than the fees incurred during the period ended September 30, 2021.

(6)

In addition to the 2022 Notes and 2022 Convertible Notes, we may borrow funds from time to time to make investments to the extent we determine that additional capital would allow us to take advantage of additional investment opportunities or if the economic situation is otherwise conducive to doing so. The costs associated with any borrowings are indirectly borne by our stockholders. As of September 30, 2021, we had approximately $0 drawn on our KeyBank Credit Facility, $72.8 million of 2022 Notes outstanding, and $52.1 million of Convertible Notes outstanding. For purposes of this calculation, we have assumed that the September 30, 2021 amounts outstanding on the KeyBank Credit Faciltiy, 2022 Notes and 2022 Convertible

 

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Notes remain outstanding, and have computed interest expense using an assumed interest rate of 4.25% for the KeyBank credit facility, 6.0% for the 2022 Notes, and 5.75% for the 2022 Convertible Notes which were the rates payable as of September 30, 2021. We have computed interest expense using an assumed interest rate of 5.9%. See “Senior Securities” in this prospectus.

(7)

“Other expenses” include our overhead expenses, including payments by us under the Administration Agreement based on the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations to us under the Administration Agreement, and expenses relating to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, for the period ended September 30, 2021.

(8)	The holders of shares of our common stock indirectly bear the cost associated with our annual expenses.

Example

The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that our borrowings and annual operating expenses would remain at the levels set forth in the table above. In the event that shares to which this prospectus relates are sold to or through underwriters, a corresponding prospectus supplement will restate this example to reflect the applicable sales load and offering expenses. See Note 6 above for additional information regarding certain assumptions regarding our level of leverage.

 

		1 Year				3 Years				5 Years				10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return		$	155			$	417			$	628			$	989

The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown.

While the example assumes, as required by the applicable rules of the SEC, a 5.0% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5.0%. The incentive fee under the Investment Advisory Agreement, which, assuming a 5.0% annual return, would either not be payable or would have an insignificant impact on the expense amounts shown above, is not included in the above example. The above illustration assumes that we will not realize any capital gains (computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation) in any of the indicated time periods. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments, including through the realization of capital gains, to trigger an incentive fee of a material amount, our expenses and returns to our investors would be higher. For example, if we assumed that we received our 5.0% annual return completely in the form of net realized capital gains on our investments, computed net of all cumulative unrealized depreciation on our investments, the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses set forth in the above illustration would be as follows:

 

		1 Year				3 Years				5 Years				10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return		$	165			$	440			$	655			$	1,011

The example assumes no sales load. However, in the event that the securities to which this prospectus relates are sold with a sales load, a corresponding prospectus supplement will provide a revised expense example that will include the effect of the sales load. In addition, while the examples assume reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan will receive a number of shares of our common stock, generally determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to a participant by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of trading on the dividend payment date, which may be at, above or below net asset value. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan” for additional information regarding the dividend reinvestment plan.

 

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The information in “Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data” of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our 2017 annual report on Form 10-K, “Part I — Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities” of our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q and “Part I — Consolidated Statements of Operations” of our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference herein.

 

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RISK FACTORS

Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware of various risks, including the principal risk factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and in our other filings with the SEC, pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c) or 14 of the Exchange Act. You should carefully consider these principal risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, and any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus accompanying this prospectus, before you decide whether to make an investment in our securities. The risks incorporated by reference are not the only risks we face, but they are the principal risks associated with an investment in us, which include the special risks of investing in a business development company, including the risks associated with investing in a portfolio of small and developing or financially troubled businesses. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, our net asset value and the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, together with those set forth in any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus accompanying this prospectus, are the principal risk factors associated with an investment in our securities, as well as those factors generally associated with an investment company with investment objectives, investment policies, capital structure or trading markets similar to ours.

Debt securities may be issued with original issue discount (“OID”) for United States federal income tax purposes.

If the stated principal amount of issued debt securities exceeds their issue price by more than a de minimis amount, such debt securities will be issued with OID for United States federal income tax purposes. In such event, in addition to the stated interest on the debt securities, a holder subject to United States federal income taxation will be required to include the OID in gross income (as ordinary income) as it accrues (on a constant yield to maturity basis) in advance of the receipt of the cash payment thereof and regardless of such holder’s regular method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

If the debt securities are issued with OID and a bankruptcy petition were filed by or against us, holders of the debt securities may receive a lesser amount for their claims than they would have been entitled to receive under the indenture governing the debt securities.

If the debt securities are issued with OID and a bankruptcy petition were filed by or against us under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code after the issuance of the debt securities, the claim by any holder of the debt securities for the principal amount of such debt securities may be limited to an amount equal to the sum of:

 

•

the original issue price for the debt securities; and

 

•

that portion of the OID that does not constitute “unmatured interest” for purposes of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

Any OID that was not amortized as of the date of the bankruptcy filing would constitute unmatured interest. Accordingly, holders of debt securities under these circumstances may receive a lesser amount than they would be entitled to under the terms of the indenture governing the debt securities, even if sufficient funds are available.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND PROJECTIONS

This prospectus contains and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, including the documents we incorporate by reference, may contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about Logan Ridge, our current and prospective portfolio investments, our industry, our beliefs, and our assumptions. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “may,” “continue,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “targets,” “projects,” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, including the documents we incorporate by reference, involve risks and uncertainties, including statements as to:

 

•

our future operating results;

 

•

our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;

 

•

the impact of investments that we expect to make;

 

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our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;

 

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the dependence of our future success on the general economy and its impact on the industries in which we invest;

 

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the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;

 

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our expected financings and investments;

 

•

the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital; and

 

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the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies.

These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements, including without limitation:

 

•

an economic downturn could impair our portfolio companies’ ability to continue to operate or repay their borrowings, which could lead to the loss of some or all of our investments in such portfolio companies;

 

•

a contraction of available credit and/or an inability to access the equity markets could impair our lending and investment activities;

 

•

interest rate volatility could adversely affect our results, particularly if we use leverage as part of our investment strategy; and

 

•

the risks, uncertainties and other factors we identify in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, including the documents we incorporate by reference.

Although we believe that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could be inaccurate. Important assumptions include our ability to originate new loans and investments, certain margins and levels of profitability and the availability of additional capital. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a projection or forward-looking statement in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, including the documents we incorporate by reference, should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be

 

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achieved. These risks and uncertainties include those described or identified in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are based on information available to us as of the applicable date of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, including any documents incorporated by reference, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We plan to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities pursuant to this prospectus for new investments in portfolio companies in accordance with our investment objective and strategies described in this prospectus and for general working capital purposes. We will also pay operating expenses, including advisory and administrative fees and expenses, and may pay other expenses such as due diligence expenses of potential new investments, from the net proceeds from the sale of our securities pursuant to this prospectus. We are continuously identifying, reviewing and, to the extent consistent with its investment objective, funding new investments. As a result, we typically raise capital as we deem appropriate to fund such new investments. The applicable prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use relating to an offering will more fully identify the use of the proceeds from such offering.

We anticipate that substantially all of the net proceeds from any offering of our securities will be used as described above within twelve months, but in no event longer than two years, depending on the availability of attractive opportunities and market conditions. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve this goal.

Pending such investments, we will invest the net proceeds primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality temporary investments that mature in one year or less from the date of investment. These securities may have lower yields than the types of investments we would typically make in accordance with our investment objective and, accordingly, may result in lower distributions, if any, during such period.

 

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PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DISTRIBUTIONS

The information in “Price Range of Common Stock and Distributions” in Part II, Item 5 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The information in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2021 and in Part 1, Item 2 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 16, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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SENIOR SECURITIES

The information in “Senior Securities” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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BUSINESS

We are an externally managed, non-diversified closed-end investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. Mount Logan is an affiliate of BC Partners Advisors L.P. (“BC Partners”) for U.S. regulatory purposes. Subject to the overall supervision of the Board, the Investment Adviser is responsible for managing our business and activities, including sourcing investment opportunities, conducting research, performing diligence on potential investments, structuring our investments, and monitoring our portfolio companies on an ongoing basis through a team of investment professionals.

The Investment Adviser seeks to invest on our behalf in performing, well-established middle market businesses that operate across a wide range of industries (i.e., no concentration in any one industry). The Investment Adviser employs fundamental credit analysis, targeting investments in businesses with relatively low levels of cyclicality and operating risk. The holding size of each position will generally be dependent upon a number of factors including total facility size, pricing and structure, and the number of other lenders in the facility. The Investment Adviser has experience managing levered vehicles, both public and private, and seeks to enhance our returns through the use of leverage with a prudent approach that prioritizes capital preservation. The Investment Adviser believes this strategy and approach offers attractive risk/return with lower volatility given the potential for fewer defaults and greater resilience through market cycles.

We originate, structure, and invest in secured term loans, bonds or notes and mezzanine debt primarily in privately-held middle market companies but may also invest in other investments such as loans to publicly-traded companies, high-yield bonds, and distressed debt securities (collectively the “Debt Securities Portfolio”). In addition, from time to time we may invest in the equity securities of lower middle-market and traditional middle-market companies and may also receive warrants or options to purchase common stock in connection with our debt investments.

In our Debt Securities Portfolio, our investment objective is to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation from the investments in senior secured term loans, mezzanine debt and selected equity investments in privately-held middle market companies. We define the middle market as comprising companies with earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) of $5 million to $50 million. We primarily invest in first and second lien term loans which, because of their priority in a company’s capital structure, we expect will have lower default rates and higher rates of recovery of principal if there is a default and which we expect will create a stable stream of interest income. The investments in our Debt Securities Portfolio are all or predominantly below investment grade, and have speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal.

Subject to market conditions, we intend to grow our portfolio of assets by raising additional capital, including through the prudent use of leverage available to us. As a BDC, we are limited in the amount of leverage we can incur under the 1940 Act. Effective March 29, 2019, we are allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% after such borrowing. Because we also recognize the need to have funds available for operating our business and to make investments, we seek to have adequate liquidity at all times to cover normal cyclical swings in funding availability and to allow us to meet abnormal and unexpected funding requirements. As a result, we may hold varying amounts of cash and other short-term investments from time-to-time for liquidity purposes.

We have elected to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and intend to operate in a manner to maintain our RIC status. See “ — Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company” below.

Investment Portfolio

We will target debt investments that yield meaningful current income and, in many cases, provide the opportunity for capital appreciation through equity securities. In each case, the following criteria and guidelines

 

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are applied to the review of a potential investment; however, not all criteria are met in every single investment in our portfolio, nor do we guarantee that all criteria will be met in the investments we will make in the future.

 

•

Established Companies With Positive Cash Flow.    We seek to invest in established companies with a history of generating revenues and positive cash flows. We intend to focus on companies with a history of profitability and minimum trailing twelve-month EBITDA of between $5 million and $50 million. We do not intend to invest in start-up companies, distressed or “turn-around” situations or companies with business plans that we do not understand.

 

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Experienced Management Teams with Meaningful Investment.    We seek to invest in companies in which senior or key managers have significant company or industry-level experience and have significant equity ownership. It has been our experience that these management teams are more committed to the company’s success and more likely to manage the company in a manner that protects our debt and equity investments.

 

•

Significant Invested Capital.    We believe that the existence of an appropriate amount of equity beneath our debt capital provides valuable support for our investment. In addition, the degree to which the particular investment is a meaningful one for the portfolio company’s financial sponsor, and the financial sponsor’s ability and willingness to invest additional equity capital as and to the extent necessary, are also important considerations.

 

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Appropriate Capital Structures.    We seek to invest in companies that are appropriately capitalized. First, we examine the amount of equity that is being invested by the company’s private equity sponsor to determine whether there is a sufficient capital cushion beneath our invested capital. We also analyze the amount of leverage and the characteristics of senior debt with lien priority over our investment.

 

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Strong Competitive Position.    We intend to invest in companies that have developed strong, defensible product or service offerings within their respective market segments. These companies should be well positioned to capitalize on organic and strategic growth opportunities, and should compete in industries with strong fundamentals and meaningful barriers to entry. We further analyze prospective portfolio investments in order to identify competitive advantages within their respective industries, which may result in superior operating margins or industry-leading growth.

 

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Customer and Supplier Diversification.    We expect to invest in companies with sufficiently diverse customer and supplier bases. We believe these companies will be better able to endure industry consolidation, economic contraction and increased competition than those that are not sufficiently diversified. However, we also recognize that from time to time, an attractive investment opportunity with some concentration among its customer base or supply chain will present itself. We believe that concentration issues can be evaluated and, in some instances (whether due to supplier or customer product or platform diversification, the existence and quality of long-term agreements with such customers or suppliers or other select factors), mitigated, thus presenting a superior risk-adjusted pricing scenario.

Debt Investments

Our investment team tailors the terms of each debt investment to the facts and circumstances of the transaction, the needs of the prospective portfolio company and, as applicable, its financial sponsor, negotiating a structure that seeks to protect our rights and manage our risk while creating incentives for the portfolio company to achieve its business plan. We expect our primary source of return to be the cash interest we will collect on our debt investments. We also typically seek board observation rights with each portfolio company and we offer (and have historically provided) managerial and strategic assistance to these companies. We seek to further protect invested principal by negotiating appropriate affirmative, negative and financial covenants in our debt documents that are conservative enough to represent a prudent cushion at closing or to budgeted projections, but that are flexible enough to afford our portfolio companies and their financial sponsors sufficient latitude to allow them to grow their businesses. Typical covenants include default triggers and remedies (including penalties), lien

 

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protection, leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios, change of control provisions and put rights. Most of our debt investments feature call protection to enhance our total return on debt investments that are repaid prior to maturity.

Most of our debt investments are structured as first lien loans, and as of June 30, 2021, 75% of the fair value of our debt investments consisted of such investments. First lien loans may contain some minimum amount of principal amortization, excess cash flow sweep feature, prepayment penalties, or any combination of the foregoing. First lien loans are secured by a first priority lien in existing and future assets of the borrower and may take the form of term loans, delayed draw facilities, or revolving credit facilities. In some cases, first lien loans may be subordinated, solely with respect to the payment of cash interest, to an asset based revolving credit facility. Unitranche debt, a form of first lien loan, typically involves issuing one debt security that blends the risk and return profiles of both senior secured and subordinated debt in one debt security, bifurcating the loan into a first-out tranche and last-out tranche. As of June 30, 2021, 16.3% of the fair value of our first lien loans consisted of last-out loans. We believe that unitranche debt can be attractive for many lower middle-market and traditional middle-market businesses, given the reduced structural complexity, single lender interface and elimination of intercreditor or potential agency conflicts among lenders.

We may also invest in debt instruments structured as second lien loans. Second lien loans are loans which have a second priority security interest in all or substantially all of the borrower’s assets, and in some cases, may be subject to the interruption of cash interest payments upon certain events of default, at the discretion of the first lien lender. On a fair market value basis, 25% of our debt investments consisted of second lien loans as of June 30, 2021.

Some of our debt investments have PIK interest, which is a form of interest that is not paid currently in cash, but is accrued and added to the loan balance until paid at the end of the term. While we generally seek to minimize the percentage of our fixed return that is in the form of PIK interest, we sometimes receive PIK interest due to prevailing market conditions that do not support the overall blended interest yield on our debt investments being paid in all-cash interest. As of June 30, 2021, the weighted average annualized yield on our debt portfolio was 9.9%. In addition to yield in the form of current cash and PIK interest, some of our debt investments include an equity component, such as a warrant to purchase a common equity interest in the borrower for a nominal price.

The weighted annualized yield is calculated based on the effective interest rate as of period end, divided by the fair value of our debt investments. The weighted average annualized yield of our debt investments is not the same as a return on investment for our stockholders but, rather, relates to a portion of our investment portfolio and is calculated before the payment of all of our fees and expenses. There can be no assurance that the weighted average yield will remain at its current level.

Equity Investments

As of June 30, 2021, 32% of our total portfolio consisted of equity investments. When we make a debt investment, we may be granted equity participation in the form of detachable warrants to purchase common equity in the company in the same class of security that the owners or equity sponsors receive upon funding. In addition, we may make non-control equity co-investments in conjunction with a loan transaction with a borrower. The Investment Adviser’s investment team generally seeks to structure our equity investments, such as direct equity co-investments, to provide us with minority rights provisions and, to the extent available, event-driven put rights. They also seek to obtain limited registration rights in connection with these investments, which may include “piggyback” registration rights. In addition to warrants and equity co-investments, our debt investments in the future may contain a synthetic equity position.

Process

We are managed by Mount Logan, whose investment team members have significant and diverse experience. We review potential investment opportunities and conduct due diligence that typically includes a

 

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review of historical and prospective financial information, participation in a presentation held by the prospective portfolio company’s management and/or the transaction sponsor, a review of the prospective portfolio company’s product or service, an analysis and understanding of the drivers of the particular industry in which the prospective portfolio company operates, and an assessment of the debt service capabilities of the prospective portfolio company under a variety of assumed forecast scenarios.

Due to our ability to source transactions through multiple channels, we expect to continue to maintain a pipeline of opportunities to allow comparative risk return analysis and selectivity. By focusing on the drivers of revenue and cash flow, we develop our own underwriting cases, and multiple stress and event specific case scenarios for each company analyzed.

We focus on lending and investing opportunities in:

 

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companies with EBITDA of $5 to $50 million;

 

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companies with a history in generating consistent cash flows and stable financial performance

 

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companies identifiable and defensible market positions in industries with favorable dynamics; and

 

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companies with management teams with demonstrated track records and aligned incentives.

We source investment opportunities from:

 

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private equity sponsors;

 

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regional investment banks for non-sponsored companies;

 

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financial advisers and other market intermediaries; and

 

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other middle market lenders with whom we can participate in loans.

In our experience, good credit judgment is based on a thorough understanding of both the qualitative and quantitative factors that determine a company’s performance. Our analysis begins with an understanding of the fundamentals of the industry in which a company operates, including the current economic environment and the outlook for the industry. We also focus on the company’s relative position within the industry and our historical ability to weather economic cycles. Other key qualitative factors include the experience and depth of the management team and the financial sponsor, if any.

Only after we have a comprehensive understanding of the qualitative factors do we focus on quantitative metrics. We believe that with the context provided by the qualitative analysis, we can gain a better understanding of a company’s financial performance. We analyze a potential portfolio company’s sales growth and margins in the context of our competition as well as our ability to manage our working capital requirements and our ability to generate consistent cash flow. Based upon this historical analysis, we develop a set of projections which represents a reasonable underwriting case of most likely outcomes for the company over the period of our investment. We also look at potential downside cases to determine a company’s ability to service its debt in a stressed credit environment.

Elements of the qualitative analysis we use in evaluating investment opportunities include some combination of the following:

 

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industry fundamentals;

 

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competitive position and market share;

 

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impact of historical down-cycles on the industry and us;

 

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quality of financial and technology infrastructure;

 

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sourcing risks and opportunities;

 

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•

labor and union strategy;

 

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technology risk;

 

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diversity of customer base and product lines;

 

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quality of financial sponsor (if applicable); and

 

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acquisition and integration history.

Elements of the quantitative analysis we use in evaluating investment opportunities include some combination of the following:

 

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income statement analysis of growth and margin trends;

 

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cash flow analysis of capital expenditures and free cash flow;

 

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financial ratio and market share standing among comparable companies;

 

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financial projections: underwriting versus stress case;

 

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event specific credit modeling;

 

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credit profile trend;

 

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future capital expenditure needs and asset sale plans;

 

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downside protection to limit losses in an event of default;

 

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risk adjusted returns and relative value analysis; and

 

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enterprise and asset valuations.

The origination, structuring and credit approval processes are fully integrated. Our credit team is directly involved in all due diligence and analysis prior to the formal credit approval process by our investment committee.

Monitoring

Our Board, including a majority of its independent directors, oversees and monitors our investment performance and, beginning with the second anniversary of the effective date of our Investment Advisory Agreement, will annually review the compensation we pay to the Investment Adviser.

Our Investment Adviser has significant experience monitoring credit portfolios. Along with origination and credit analysis, portfolio management is one of the key elements of our business. Most of our investments will not be liquid and, therefore, we must prepare to act quickly if potential issues arise so that we can work closely with the Investment Adviser and the private equity sponsor, if applicable, of the portfolio company to take any necessary remedial action. In addition, most of the Investment Adviser’s senior management team, has substantial workout and restructuring experience.

In order to assist us in detecting issues with our Debt Securities Portfolio companies as early as possible, we perform a financial analysis at least quarterly on each portfolio company. This analysis typically includes:

 

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A summary of the portfolio company’s current total credit exposure as well as our portion of this exposure.

 

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A summary and update of the portfolio company’s financial condition and performance, including but not limited to, performance versus plan, deterioration/improvement in market position, or industry fundamentals, management changes or additions, and ongoing business strategy.

 

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Reaffirmation of, or proposal to change, the risk rating of the underlying investment.

 

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•

A summary of the portfolio company’s financial covenant results vis a vis financial covenant levels established in the credit agreement.

Watch list credits are followed closely and discussed more frequently than quarterly, as appropriate.

About the Investment Adviser

Mount Logan was formed in 2020 and is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. Mount Logan is controlled by MLC, a publicly listed Canada-based alternative asset management company. Mount Logan is an affiliate of BC Partners for U.S. regulatory purposes and BC Partners provides Mount Logan with personnel pursuant to a resource sharing agreement, which allows Mount Logan to utilize the resources of BC Partners’ broader credit team.

MLC is managed by the founders of BC Partners Credit bringing to bear the investment expertise and deep resources of the broader BC Partners platform, all of which the Company — as an entity within the BC Partners ecosystem — benefits from. Mount Logan provides investment management services to privately offered investment funds and acts as the collateral manager to issuers of collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) backed by debt obligations and similar assets.

The Mount Logan Investment Committee includes Ted Goldthorpe, Matthias Ederer, Henry Wang and Raymond Svider, each experienced members of Mount Logan’s investment personnel.

With approximately $40 billion in assets under management and offices in London, Paris, Hamburg, and New York, the BC Partners organization is comprised of a private equity platform, a credit platform, and a real estate platform. All three platforms operate as integrated businesses within the overall BC Partners organization. Founded in 1986, BC Partners grew and evolved with the development of the European private equity market, consistently maintaining its position as one of the leading buyout firms in the region. It subsequently expanded investment operations to North America to support larger transactions operating more globally and established a successful investment platform for buyouts of businesses based in the United States and around the world. BC Partners expanded its strategic offering by establishing a credit platform in 2017 and a real estate platform in 2018. BC Partners has a 35-year investing track record across a variety of geographies and sectors. Throughout its investment history, BC Partners has built strong and longstanding relationships with global institutional investors.

Investment Advisory Agreement

The information in “Proposal No. 1: To Approve the New Advisory Agreement” in our Proxy Statement filed on May 4, 2021 on Form DEF 14A is incorporated herein by reference.

Administration Agreement

BC Partners Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, serves as our administrator. The principal executive offices of our administrator are located at 650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor, New York, New York 10022. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, our administrator furnishes us with office facilities, equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services at such facilities. Under the Administration Agreement, our administrator also performs, or oversees the performance of, our required administrative services, which include, among other things, being responsible for the financial records that we are required to maintain and preparing reports to our stockholders. In addition, our administrator assists us in determining and publishing our net asset value, oversees the preparation and filing of our tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to our stockholders, and generally oversees the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of our administrator’s

 

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overhead in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and our allocable portion of the compensation of our chief financial officer, chief compliance officer and our allocable portion of the compensation of their respective administrative support staff. Under the Administration Agreement, our administrator will also provide on our behalf managerial assistance to those portfolio companies that request such assistance. Unless terminated earlier in accordance with its terms, the Administration Agreement will remain in effect if approved annually by our Board. On July 1, 2021, we entered into the Administration Agreement. The Administration Agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party. To the extent that our administrator outsources any of its functions, we will pay the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis without any incremental profit to our administrator. Stockholder approval is not required to amend the Administration Agreement.

The Administration Agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, our administrator and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from Logan Ridge for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of our administrator’s services under the Administration Agreement or otherwise as administrator for Logan Ridge.

 

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PORTFOLIO COMPANIES

The following table sets forth certain information as of September 30, 2021 for each of our portfolio companies. The general terms of our debt and equity investments are described in “Business — Investments.” Other than these investments, our only formal relationships with our portfolio companies will be the managerial assistance we may provide upon request and the board observer or participation rights we may receive in connection with our investment. Other than as indicated in the table below, we do not “control” and are not an “affiliate” of any of these portfolio companies, each as defined in the 1940 Act. In general, under the 1940 Act, we would “control” a portfolio company if we owned more than 25% of its voting securities and would be an “affiliate” of a portfolio company if we owned more than 5% of its voting securities.

 

Name and Address of Portfolio Company		Nature of Business		Type of Investment and General Terms (1)(2)(3)(4)		% of Class Held				Cost (in thousands)				Fair Value (in thousands)
Accordion Partners LLC 31 West 52nd Street, 16th Floor New York, NY 10019		Industrials		First Lien Debt (6.5% Cash, (3 month LIBOR+5.5%), 1.0% Floor), Due 9/24/27)						$	13,791			$	13,790
				First Lien Debt (6.5% Cash, (3 month LIBOR+5.5%), 1.0% Floor), Due 9/24/27) (13)							(30	)			(30	)
				First Lien Debt (6.5% Cash, (3 month LIBOR+5.5%), 1.0% Floor), Due 9/24/27) (14)							(75	)			(75	)
Alternative Biomedical Solutions, LLC 50 South Sixth Street, Suite 1290 Minneapolis, MN 55402		Healthcare		First Lien Debt (8.0% Cash, Due 12/18/22)							7,119				6,753
				Series A Preferred Units (13,811 units)			31.8	%			1,275				786
				Series B Preferred Units (48,025 units)			59.1	%			3,943				—
				Series C Preferred Units (78,900 units)			25.8	%			—				—
				Membership Units (20,092 units)			2.8	%			800				—
				Membership Unit Warrants (49,295 units)			59.5	%			—				—
American Clinical Solutions, LLC 2424 N. Federal Highway Boca Raton, Florida 33431		Healthcare		First Lien Debt (7.0% Cash, Due 12/31/22)							3,500				3,467
				First Lien Debt (7.0% Cash, Due 12/31/21) (5)							250				248
				Class A Membership Units (6,030,384 units)			50.0	%			3,198				4,906
AP Core Holdings II, LLC 770 Broadway New York, NY 10003		Information Technology		First Lien Debt (6.25% Cash, (1 month LIBOR+5.5%), 0.75% Floor), Due 7/21/27)							2,463				2,515
				First Lien Debt (6.25% Cash, (1 month LIBOR+5.5%), 0.75% Floor), Due 7/21/27)							2,463				2,463
BigMouth, Inc 655 Winding Brook Drive Glastonbury, CT 06033		Consumer Products		First Lien Debt (9.0% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 8.5%, 0.5% Floor), Due 11/14/21) (6)							1,268				948
BLST Operating Company, LLC 6509 Flying Cloud Drive Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344		Online Merchandise Retailer		Second Lien Debt (10.0% (1 month LIBOR + 8.5%, 1.5% Floor), Due 8/28/25) (7)							1,780				1,773
				Class A Common Units (217,013 units)			0.8	%			286				2,711
Burgaflex Holdings, LLC (18) 10160 Gainey Dr. Holly, Michigan 48442		Automobile Part Manufacturer		Common Stock Class A (1,253,198 shares)			8.3	%			362				1,479
				Common Stock Class B (1,085,073 shares)			11.5	%			1,504				1,220
Burke America Parts Group, LLC 5852 W. 51st Street Chicago, Illinois 60638		Home Repair Parts Manufacturer		Membership Units (14 units)			2.0	%			5				3,300

 

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Name and Address of Portfolio Company		Nature of Business		Type of Investment and General Terms (1)(2)(3)(4)		% of Class Held				Cost (in thousands)				Fair Value (in thousands)
Chicken Soup for the Soul, LLC 132 East Putnam Avenue Cos Cob, Connecticut 06807		Multi-platform Media and Consumer Products		First Lien Debt (10.0% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 8.5%, 1.5% Floor), Due 2/22/22) (5)						$	10,045			$	10,045
Chief Fire Intermediate, Inc. 10 West Broad Street Mount Vernon, NY 10552		Security System Services		First Lien Debt (8.6% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 7.0%, 1.6% Floor), Due 11/8/24) (6)							8,100				—
				Class A Preferred Units (34,740 units)			6.2	%			913				—
				Class B Common Units (3,510 units)			0.8	%			—				—
Eastport Holdings, LLC (18) 4841 Summer Avenue Memphis, TN 38122		Business Services		Subordinated Debt (13.5% Cash (3 month LIBOR + 13.0%, 0.5% Floor), Due 4/30/22) (5)							16,414				16,500
				Membership Units (22.9% ownership)			22.9	%			3,263				19,392
Freedom Electronics, LLC 2205 May Ct. NW Kennesaw, Georgia 30144		Electronic Machine Repair		First Lien Debt (7.0% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 5.0%, 2.0% Floor), Due 12/20/23)							2,595				2,595
				First Lien Debt (8.7% Cash, Due 12/20/23) (9) (10)							5,661				5,641
				Membership Units (181,818 units)			0.5	%			182				228
GA Communications, Inc. (18) 2196 West Part Court Stone Mountain, Georgia 30087		Advertising & Marketing Services		Series A-1 Preferred Stock (1,998 shares)			8.3	%			3,477				4,220
				Series B-1 Common Stock (200,000 shares)			8.3	%			2				140
HUMC Opco, LLC 29 E. 29th Street Bayonne, New Jersey 07002		Healthcare		First Lien Debt (9.0% Cash, Due 11/19/21) (5)							4,689				4,689
J5 Infrastructure Partners, LLC 23 Mauchly, Suite 110 Irvine, California 92618		Wireless Deployment Services		First Lien Debt (8.3% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 6.5%, 1.8% Floor), Due 12/20/24) (11)							—				—
				First Lien Debt (8.3% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 6.5%, 1.8% Floor), Due 12/20/24)							5,809				5,809
Jurassic Quest Holdings, LLC 200 River Point #312 Conroe, Texas 77304		Entertainment		First Lien Debt (9.5% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 7.5%, 2.0% Floor), Due 5/1/24)							8,480				8,480
				Preferred Units (467,784 units)			1.5	%			480				1,360
LJS Partners, LLC (18) 1441 Gardiner Lane		QSR Franchisor		Preferred Units (202,336 units)			9.2	%			437				812
Louisville, Kentucky 40213				Common Stock (1,587,848 shares)			9.2	%			1,224				5,648
Lucky Bucks, LLC 5820 Live Oak Parkway, Suite 300 Norcross, GA 30071		Consumer Discretionary		First Lien Debt (6.25% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 5.5%, 0.75% Floor), Due 7/21/27)							5,882				5,880
Confluence Technologies, Inc. 233 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 800 Santa Monica, CA 90401		Information Technology		Second Lien Debt (7.0% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 6.5%, 0.5% Floor), Due 7/21/27)							1,980				1,980
Marble Point Credit Management LLC 600 Steamboat Road, Suite 202 Greenwich, Connecticut 60830		Financials		First Lien Debt (7.0% Cash (3 month LIBOR + 6.0%, 1.0% Floor), Due 8/11/28)							5,717				5,714
				Revolving Line of Credit (7.0% Cash (3 month LIBOR + 6.0%, 1.0% Floor), Due 8/11/28) (8)							(25	)			(25	)
MicroHoldco, LLC 1102 Windam Road South Windam, Connecticut 06266		General Industrial		Preferred Units (740,237 units) (12)			46.6	%			749				740
MMI Holdings, LLC (18) 325 McGill Avenue, Suite 195 Concord, North Carolina 28027		Medical Device Distributor		First Lien Debt (12.0% Cash, Due 1/31/22) (5)							2,600				2,600

 

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Name and Address of Portfolio Company		Nature of Business		Type of Investment and General Terms (1)(2)(3)(4)		% of Class Held				Cost (in thousands)				Fair Value (in thousands)
				Second Lien Debt (6.0% Cash, Due 9/30/21) (5)						$	388			$	400
				Preferred Units (1,000 units, 6.0% PIK Dividend) (16)			100.0	%			1,758				1,850
				Common Membership Units (45 units)			5.0	%			—				80
Navis Holdings, Inc. (18) 113 Woodside Drive Lexington, North Carolina 27292		Textile Equipment Manufacturer		First Lien Debt (9.0% Cash, 2.0% PIK, Due 6/30/23) (5)							10,695				10,562
				Class A Preferred Stock (1,000 shares, 10.0% Cash Dividend)			100.0	%			1,000				1,000
				Common Stock (60,000 shares)			16.2	%			—				448
Nth Degree Investment Group, LLC (18) 2675 Breckinridge Boulevard Duluth, Georgia 30096		Business Services		Membership Units (6,088,000 Units)			5.6	%			6,088				—
RAM Payment, LLC (18) 412 North Cedar Bluff Road, Ste 400 Knoxville, TN 37923		Financial Services		First Lien Debt (6.5% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 5.0%), 1.5% Floor), Due 1/4/24)							1,513				1,513
				First Lien Debt (9.8% Cash, Due 1/4/24) (9)							4,101				4,101
				Preferred Units (86,000 units, 8.0% PIK Dividend) (16)			6.5	%			1,048				3,561
Sequoia Healthcare Management, LLC 29 E. 29th Street Bayonne, New Jersey 07002		Healthcare Management		First Lien Debt (12.8% Cash, Due 11/19/21) (5) (6)							11,935				8,297
Sierra Hamilton Holdings Corporation (18) 777 Post Oak Blvd		Oil & Gas Engineering and Consulting Services		Second Lien Debt (15.0%, Due 9/12/23) (17)							3				3
Houston, Texas 77056				Common Stock (15,068,000 shares)			13.7	%			6,958				941
Taylor Precision Products, Inc. 2311 W. 22nd Street Oak Brook, Illinois 60523		Household Product Manufacturer		Series C Preferred Stock (379 shares)			8.3	%			758				287
U.S. BioTek Laboratories, LLC 16020 Linden Ave. N. Shoreline, Washington 98133		Testing Laboratories		First Lien Debt (7.0% Cash (3 month LIBOR + 5.0%, 2.0% Floor), Due 12/14/23)							978				978
				First Lien Debt (9.3% Cash, Due 12/14/23) (9) (10)							3,044				3,044
				Class A Preferred Units (500 Units)			2.5	%			540				658
				Class C Units (578 Units)			2.3	%			1				342
				Class D Preferred Units (78 Units)			2.5	%			78				97
U.S. Well Services, LLC 770 South Post Oak Lane, Suite 405 Houston, Texas 77056		Oil & Gas Services		Class A Common Stock (1,202,499 shares) (15)			1.3	%			1,244				872
V12 Holdings, Inc. (18) 141 West Front Street, Suite 410 Red Bank, New Jersey 07701		Data Processing & Digital Marketing		Subordinated Debt (12)							490				509
Wealth Enhancement Group, LLC 505 N. Highway 169, Suite 900 Plymouth, Minnesota 55441		Financials		First Lien Debt (6.75% Cash (3 month LIBOR + 5.75%, 1.0% Floor), Due 10/2/25) (20)							(17	)			(39	)
				Revolving Line of Credit (6.75% Cash (3 month LIBOR + 5.75%, 1.0% Floor), Due 10/2/25) (21)							326				326
Vology, Inc. (19) 4035 Tampa Road Oldsmar, Florida 34677		Information Technology		First Lien Debt (10.5% Cash (1 month LIBOR + 8.5%, 2.0% Floor), Due 12/31/21)							3,586				3,565
				Class A Preferred Units (9,041,810 Units)			58.3	%			5,215				3,288
				Membership Units (5,363,982 Units)			58.3	%			—				—
										$	194,306			$	195,385

 

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(1)	All investments valued using unobservable inputs (Level 3), unless otherwise noted.

(2)	All investments valued by the Logan Ridge Finance Corporation’s (the “Company”) board of directors.

(3)	All debt investments are income producing, unless otherwise noted. Equity and warrant investments are non-income producing, unless otherwise noted.

(4)

The Company generally acquires its investments in private transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). These investments are generally subject to certain limitations on resale and may be deemed to be “restricted securities” under the Security Act

(5)	The maturity date of the original investment has been extended.

(6)	Non-accrual investment.

(7)	1.0% of interest rate payable in cash. 9.0% of interest rate payable in cash or paid-in-kind at borrower’s election. The borrower is currently paying all interest in cash.

(8)	The investment has a $2.5 million unfunded commitment.

(9)	The cash rate equals the approximate current yield on our last-out portion of the unitranche facility.

(10)	The investment has a $1.0 million unfunded commitment.

(11)	The investment has a $3.5 million unfunded commitment.

(12)	The investment has been exited or sold. The residual value reflects estimated earnout, escrow, or other proceeds expected post-closing.

(13)	The investment has a $4.0 million unfunded commitment.

(14)	The investment has a $5.0 million unfunded commitment.

(15)	Investment is valued using observable inputs (Level 1). The stock of the company is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker “USWS.”

(16)	The equity investment is income producing, based on rate disclosed.

(17)	15.0% of interest rate payable in cash or paid-in-kind at borrower’s election.

(18)	“Affiliate Company” as defined under the 1940 Act.

(19)	“Control Company” as defined under the 1940 Act.

(20)	The investment has a $7.0 million unfunded commitment.

(21)	The investment has a $0.1 million unfunded commitment.

 

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MANAGEMENT

The information in “Proposal I: Election of Director” in our Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A filed on July 23, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference.

The management of our investment portfolio is the responsibility of Mount Logan and the Logan Ridge investment team (the “LRFC Investment Team”). All investment decisions require the majority approval of the Mount Logan Investment Committee. The LRFC Investment Team sources, identifies and diligences investment opportunities and presents the opportunity to the Mount Logan Investment Committee for approval. The Mount Logan Investment Committee is currently comprised of three members of BC Partners Credit (“BCP Credit”) (Ted Goldthorpe, Matthias Ederer and Henry Wang), and one member of BC Partners Private Equity (Raymond Svider). The Mount Logan Investment Committee meets regularly to review the opportunities presented by the LRFC Investment Team. Follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies may require the Mount Logan’s Investment Committee approval beyond that obtained when the initial investment in the company was made. In addition, temporary investments, such as those in cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, may require approval by the Mount Logan Investment Committee. The Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, oversees and monitors the investment performance and, beginning with the second anniversary of the effective date of the Investment Advisory Agreement, will annually review the compensation Logan Ridge pays to Mount Logan.

None of Mount Logan’s investment professionals receive any direct compensation from Logan Ridge in connection with the management of Logan Ridge’s portfolio.

The following individuals (the “LRFC Portfolio Managers”) have senior responsibility for the management of our investment portfolio: Ted Goldthorpe, Matthias Ederer, Henry Wang, Raymond Svider and Patrick Schafer. Mr. Schafer is Logan Ridge’s Chief Investment Officer and has primary responsibility for the day-to-day implementation and management of Logan Ridge’s investment portfolio.

Biographical information regarding members of the LRFC Portfolio Managers who are not directors or executive officers of Logan Ridge is as follows:

Matthias Ederer

Mr. Ederer is a founding partner of BC Partners Credit, having previously been a partner and founding team member of Wingspan Investment Management, which he joined in 2013. Prior to Wingspan, he spent seven years in Goldman Sachs’ Special Situations Group and Bank Loan Distressed Investing Group in New York and London.

Henry Wang

Mr. Wang is a founding partner of BC Partners Credit, having formerly been a Partner at Stonerise Capital Partners where he spent over five years. Previously, he worked for over seven years at Goldman Sachs in its Special Situations Group and Investment Banking Division. Mr. Wang also worked for Vulcan Capital (Paul Allen’s investment firm, co-founder of Microsoft) and Thomas Weisel Partners.

Raymond Svider

Mr. Svider is a Partner and Chairman of BC Partners. He joined BC Partners in Paris in 1992 before moving to the London office in 2000 to lead its investments in the technology and telecoms industries. Mr. Svider then relocated to New York in 2008. Previously, Mr. Svider worked in investment banking at Wasserstein Perella in New York and Paris, and at the Boston Consulting Group in Chicago

 

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Equity Securities

The dollar range of equity securities in Logan Ridge beneficially owned at December 31, 2020 by each member of the Mount Logan Investment Committee is as follows:

 

Name		Dollar Range of Equity Securities in Logan Ridge(1)
Matthias Ederer		None
Ted Goldthorpe		None
Patrick Schafer		None
Raymond Svider		None
Henry Wang		None

 

(1)	Dollar ranges are as follows: None; $1 — $10,000; $10,001 — $50,000; $50,001 — $100,000; $100,001 — $500,000; $500,001 — $1,000,000 or Over $1,000,000.

Other Accounts Managed

The information below lists the number of other accounts for which each portfolio manager was primarily responsible for the day-to-day management as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

 

Name of Mount Logan Portfolio Manager		Type of Accounts		Total No. of Other Accounts Managed				Total Other Assets (in millions)(1)				No. of Other Accounts where Advisory Fee is Based on Performance				Total Assets in Other Accounts where Advisory Fee is Based on Performance (in millions)(2)
Matthias Ederer		Registered Investment Companies			3			$	969				3			$	969
		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles			5			$	1,444				5			$	1,444
		Other Accounts			5			$	1,007				4			$	911
Ted Goldthorpe		Registered Investment Companies			3			$	969				3			$	969
		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles			5			$	1,444				5			$	1,444
		Other Accounts			5			$	1,007				4			$	911
Patrick Schafer		Registered Investment Companies			1			$	600				1			$	600
		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles			—				—				—				—
		Other Accounts			—				—				—				—
Raymond Svider		Registered Investment Companies			3			$	969				3			$	969
		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles			5			$	1,444				5			$	1,444
		Other Accounts			5			$	1,007				4			$	911
Henry Wang		Registered Investment Companies			3			$	969				3			$	969
		Other Pooled Investment Vehicles			5			$	1,444				5			$	1,444
		Other Accounts			5			$	1,007				4			$	911

 

(1)	Total Other Assets as defined by BCP, which includes undrawn commitments.

(2)	Represents the assets under management of the accounts managed that have the potential to generate fees in addition to management fees based on total assets.

Compensation

BC Partner’s financial arrangements with the LRFC Portfolio Managers its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation

 

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may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include base compensation and performance-based, discretionary compensation.

Base Compensation: Generally, the LRFC Portfolio Managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm that is consistent with the market rate of annual salaries paid to similarly situated investment professionals.

Discretionary Compensation: The LRFC Portfolio Managers also receive discretionary compensation generally consisting of two components: an annual bonus and carried interest.

 

•

Annual Bonus: Generally, a LRFC Portfolio Manager receives an annual bonus based on the performance of BC Partners, the performance of the LRFC Portfolio Managers’ group within BC Partners and the individual’s performance, achievement of certain internal objectives and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BC Partners as a whole.

 

•

Carried Interest: Generally, a LRFC Portfolio Manager receives carried interests with respect to the BC Partners-advised funds, subject to standard terms and conditions, including vesting.

Recent Developments

On November 9, 2021, Jason T. Roos was replaced as Secretary and Treasurer of the Company by Brandon Satoren, who was also appointed as Chief Accounting Officer. Mr. Roos will continue to serve as Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

Mr. Satoren, 33, joined BC Partners, in May 2021 as a member of the Credit Control team. In this role, he is responsible for directing accounting policy, execution and oversight of financial and non-financial reporting process, as well as other various finance, operations, governance and compliance responsibilities for BC Partners’ credit strategies. Mr. Satoren previously was a Vice President and Controller at PennantPark, a Vice President at AQR Capital Management, LLC and a Manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. He earned a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from the University of Central Florida in 2010. Mr. Satoren is a Certified Public Accountant licensed to practice in Colorado and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS

Transactions with Related Persons

Investment Advisory Agreement and Administrative Agreement

The Company is externally managed by the Investment Adviser, an affiliate of BC Partners, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement. Mr. Goldthorpe, an interested members of the Board, has a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser is a registered investment adviser under the Advisers Act. The Adviser is an affiliate of BC Partners Advisors L.P. for U.S. regulatory purposes. MLC is the ultimate control person of the Investment Adviser.

Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, fees payable to the Investment Adviser equal (i) the Base Management Fee and (ii) the Incentive Fee. Unless earlier terminated as described below, the Investment Advisory Agreement will remain in effect from year-to-year if approved annually by a majority of the Board or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares, and, in each case, a majority of the independent directors.

Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides administrative services to the Company necessary for the operations of the Company, which include providing to the Company office facilities, equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services at such facilities and such other services as the Administrator, subject to review by the Board, shall from time to time deem to be necessary or useful to perform its obligations under the applicable Administration Agreement. The Administrator also provides to the Company portfolio collection functions for and is responsible for the financial and other records that the Company is required to maintain and prepares, prints and disseminates reports to the Company’s stockholders and reports and all other materials filed with the SEC.

For providing these services, facilities and personnel, the Company reimburses the Administrator the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including the Company’s allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of its chief financial officer and chief compliance officer and their respective staffs.

Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons

The independent directors of the Company are required to review, approve or ratify any transactions with related persons (as such term is defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K).

Director Independence

In accordance with rules of Nasdaq and Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, the Board annually determines the independence of each director. No director is considered independent unless the Board has determined that he or she has no material relationship with the Company. The Company monitors the status of its directors and officers through the activities of the Company’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and through a questionnaire to be completed by each director no less frequently than annually, with updates periodically if information provided in the most recent questionnaire has materially changed.

In order to evaluate the materiality of any such relationship, the Board uses the definition of director independence set forth in the Nasdaq listing rules. Section 5605 provides that a director of a business development company shall be considered to be independent if he or she is not an “interested person” of the Company, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act defines an “interested person” to include, among other things, any person who has, or within the last two years had, a material business or professional relationship with the Company.

The Board has determined that each of the current directors is, and each director that served during fiscal year 2020, was independent and has no relationship with the Company, except as a director and stockholder of the Company, with the exception of Mr. Goldthorpe.

 

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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth, as of December 10, 2021, as to each class of equity securities of the Company, beneficially owned by all directors and each of the named executive officers, along with each person known to us to beneficially own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, and the directors and executive officers of the Company as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Ownership information for those persons who beneficially own 5% or more of our shares of common stock, if any, is based upon Schedule 13G and Schedule 13D filings by such persons with the SEC and other information obtained from such persons, if available.

Unless otherwise indicated, Logan Ridge believes that each beneficial owner set forth in the table has sole voting and investment power and has the same address as Logan Ridge. Our address is 650 Madison Avenue, 23^rd Floor, New York, New York 10022.

 

Name of Beneficial Owner		Number of Shares Beneficially Owned(1)				Percentage of Class(2)
Interested Directors
Ted Goldthorpe			—					*
Independent Directors
Alexander Duka			—					*
George Grunebaum			—					*
Robert Warshauer			—					*
Executive Officers
Jason Roos			—					*
Patrick Schafer			1,000					*
David Held			—					*
Brandon Satoren			35					*
Executive Officers and Directors as a Group			1,035					*

 

*	Represents less than one percent.

(1)

Beneficial ownership has been determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act. Assumes no other purchases or sales of our common stock since the most recently available SEC filings. This assumption has been made under the rules and regulations of the SEC and does not reflect any knowledge that we have with regard to the present intent of the beneficial owners of our common stock listed in this table.

(2)	Based on a total of 2,711,068 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding on December 10, 2021.

Set forth below is the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each of our directors as of December 10, 2021. We are not part of a “family of investment companies,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.

 

Name of Director		Dollar Range of Equity Securities in Logan Ridge(1)(2)
Interested Directors
Ted Goldthorpe			None
Independent Directors
Alexander Duka			None
George Grunebaum			None
Robert Warshauer			None

 

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(1)	Dollar ranges are as follows: None, $1 — $10,000, $10,001 — $50,000, $50,001 — $100,000, or Over $100,000.

(2)	The dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned in us is based on the closing price for our common stock of $23.52 on December 10, 2021 on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Beneficial ownership has been determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) of the Exchange Act.

 

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REGULATION AS A BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY

General

A BDC is regulated under the 1940 Act. A BDC must be organized in the U.S. for the purpose of investing in or lending to primarily private companies and making significant managerial assistance available to them. A BDC may use capital provided by public stockholders and from other sources to make long-term, private investments in businesses. A BDC provides stockholders the ability to retain the liquidity of a publicly traded stock while sharing in the possible benefits, if any, of investing in primarily privately owned companies.

We may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC unless authorized by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, as required by the 1940 Act. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of such company’s voting securities present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such company. We do not anticipate any substantial change in the nature of our business.

As with other companies regulated by the 1940 Act, a BDC must adhere to certain substantive regulatory requirements. A majority of our directors must be persons who are not interested persons, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. Additionally, we are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect the BDC. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to us or our stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

As a BDC, we are generally required to meet an asset coverage ratio, defined under the 1940 Act as the ratio of our gross assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) to our outstanding senior securities, of at least 200% (or, after November 1, 2019, 150%, if certain conditions are met) after each issuance of senior securities. On March 23, 2018, the Small Business Credit Availability Act (the “SBCA”) was signed into law, which included various changes to regulations under the federal securities laws that impact BDCs. The SBCA included changes to the 1940 Act to allow BDCs to decrease their asset coverage requirement from 200% to 150% (i.e. the amount of debt may not exceed 66.7% of the value of our total assets), if certain requirements are met. On November 1, 2018, the Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) approved the application of the modified asset coverage. As a result, our asset coverage requirements for senior securities was changed from 200% to 150%, effective November 1, 2019. We are required to make certain disclosures on our website and in SEC filings regarding, among other things, the receipt of approval to reduce our asset coverage requirement, our leverage capacity and usage, and risks related to leverage.

We may also be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our directors who are not interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the SEC. As a BDC, we are also generally limited in our ability to invest in any portfolio company in which our Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates currently have an investment or to make any co-investments with our Investment Adviser or its affiliates without an exemptive order from the SEC, subject to certain exceptions. On October 23, 2018, the SEC issued an order granting an application for exemptive relief to an affiliate of our Investment Adviser that allows BDCs managed by the Investment Adviser, including Logan Ridge, to co-invest, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, in certain private placement transactions, with other funds managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates and any future funds that are advised by the Investment Adviser or its affiliated investment advisers. Under the terms of the exemptive order, in order for Logan Ridge to participate in a co-investment transaction, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of Logan Ridge’s independent directors must conclude that (i) the terms of the proposed transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to Logan Ridge and its stockholders and do not involve overreaching with respect of Logan Ridge or its stockholders on the part of any person

 

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concerned, and (ii) the proposed transaction is consistent with the interests of the Logan Ridge’s stockholders and is consistent with the Logan Ridge’s investment objectives and strategies and certain criteria established by the Board. We believe this relief may not only enhance our ability to further our investment objectives and strategies, but may also increase favorable investment opportunities for us, in part by allowing us to participate in larger investments, together with our co-investment affiliates, than would be available to us in the absence of such relief.

We are generally not permitted to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure — Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to raise additional capital and the way in which we do so. As a BDC, the necessity of raising additional capital may expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage.” We may, however, sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the then-current net asset value of our common stock if our Board of Directors determines that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders approve our policy and practice of making such sales. In any such case, under such circumstances, the price at which our common stock is to be issued and sold may not be less than a price which, in the determination of our Board of Directors, closely approximates the market value of such common stock. In addition, we may generally issue new shares of our common stock at a price below net asset value in rights offerings to existing stockholders, in payment of dividends and in certain other limited circumstances.

We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act.

As a BDC, we are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure.”

Qualifying Assets

Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in Section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, immediately of the such acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the BDC’s gross assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our business are the following:

 

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Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering, the issuer of which is an eligible portfolio company;

 

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Securities received in exchange for or distributed with respect to securities described in the bullet above or pursuant to the exercise of options, warrants or rights relating to such securities; and

 

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Cash, cash items, government securities or high quality debt securities (within the meaning of the 1940 Act), maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.

An eligible portfolio company is generally a domestic company that is not an investment company (other than a SBIC wholly owned by a BDC) and that meets one the follow requirements:

 

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does not have a class of securities with respect to which a broker may extend margin credit at the time the acquisition is made;

 

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is controlled by the BDC and has an affiliate of the BDC on its board of directors;

 

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does not have any class of securities listed on a national securities exchange;

 

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is a public company that lists its securities on a national securities exchange with a market capitalization of less than $250 million; or

 

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meets such other criteria as may be established by the SEC.

 

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Control, as defined by the 1940 Act, is presumed to exist where a BDC beneficially owns more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of the portfolio company.

In addition, a BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in eligible portfolio companies, or in other securities that are consistent with its purpose as a BDC.

Significant Managerial Assistance to Portfolio Companies

BDCs generally must offer to make available to the issuer of its securities significant managerial assistance, except in circumstances where either (i) the BDC controls such issuer of securities or (ii) the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together and one of the other persons in the group makes available such managerial assistance. Making available significant managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC through its directors, officers or employees offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.

Temporary Investments

Pending investment in other types of “qualifying assets,” as described above, our investments may consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which we refer to, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets are qualifying assets. Typically, we will invest in U.S. Treasury bills or in repurchase agreements, provided that such agreements are fully collateralized by cash or securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies. A repurchase agreement involves the purchase by an investor, such as us, of a specified security and the simultaneous agreement by the seller to repurchase it at an agreed-upon future date and at a price which is greater than the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. There is no percentage restriction on the proportion of our assets that may be invested in such repurchase agreements. However, if more than 25% of our gross assets constitute repurchase agreements from a single counterparty, we would not meet the diversification tests in order to qualify as a RIC under the Code. Thus, we do not intend to enter into repurchase agreements with a single counterparty in excess of this limit. Our investment adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which we enter into repurchase agreement transactions.

Senior Securities

We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of stock senior to our common stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least equal to 200% (or 150%, if certain requirements are met, after November 1, 2019) immediately after each such issuance. While any senior securities remain outstanding, we must make provisions to prohibit any distribution to our stockholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the distribution or repurchase. We may also borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our gross assets for temporary or emergency purposes without regard to asset coverage. For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Structure.”

Code of Ethics

We and our investment adviser have adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain transactions by our personnel. Our code of ethics generally does not permit investments by our employees in securities that may be purchased or held by us. The code of ethics is attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Our code of ethics is also available on our website at http://loganridgefinance.com/.

 

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Compliance Policies and Procedures

We and our investment adviser have adopted and implemented written policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and prevent violation of the federal securities laws and are required to review these compliance policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation and designate a chief compliance officer to be responsible for administering the policies and procedures. David Held currently serves as our chief compliance officer. For Mr. Held’s biographical information, please see “Management — Biographical Information.”

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes a wide variety of regulatory requirements on publicly-held companies and their insiders. Many of these requirements affect us. For example:

 

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pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer must certify the accuracy of the financial statements contained in our periodic reports;

 

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pursuant to Item 307 of Regulation S-K, our periodic reports must disclose our conclusions about the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures;

 

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pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act, our management is required to prepare an annual report regarding its assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and

 

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pursuant to Item 308 of Regulation S-K and Rule 13a-15 of the 1934 Act, our periodic reports must disclose whether there were significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to review our current policies and procedures to determine whether we comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. We will continue to monitor our compliance with all regulations that are adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and will take actions necessary to ensure that we are in compliance therewith.

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Although the securities we hold are not typically voting securities, some of our investments could entitle us to voting rights. If this were to occur the Investment Adviser would vote its portfolio securities in the best interest of our stockholders and the Investment Adviser would review on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted to a stockholder vote to determine its impact on the portfolio securities held by us. Although the Investment Adviser would generally vote against proposals that it believes may have a negative impact on our portfolio securities, the Adviser may vote for such a proposal if it were to believe there exists a compelling long-term reason to do so.

Our voting decisions would be made by the Investment Adviser, subject to authority assigned under our Investment Advisory Agreement. To ensure that the Investment Adviser’s vote would not be the product of a conflict of interest, we would require that (1) anyone involved in the decision making process disclose to our Board any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a vote; and (2) employees involved in the decision making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote on a proposal to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties.

Privacy Principles

We are committed to maintaining the privacy of our stockholders and safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information we collect, how we protect that information and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select other parties.

 

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Generally, we do not receive any non-public personal information relating to our stockholders, although some non-public personal information of our stockholders may become available to us. We do not disclose any non-public personal information about our stockholders or former stockholders to anyone, except as is necessary to service stockholder accounts, such as to a transfer agent, or as otherwise permitted by law.

NASDAQ Global Select Market Requirements

We have adopted certain policies and procedures intended to comply with the NASDAQ Global Select Market’s corporate governance rules. We will continue to monitor our compliance with all future listing standards that are approved by the SEC and will take actions necessary to ensure that we are in compliance therewith.

 

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The net asset value per share of our outstanding shares of common stock is determined quarterly by dividing the value of total assets minus liabilities by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding at the date as of which the determination is made. Accordingly, under current accounting standards, the notes to our financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus refer to the uncertainty with respect to the possible effect of such valuations, and any change in such valuations, on our financial statements.

In calculating the value of our total assets, investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued using market quotations, which are generally obtained from an independent pricing service or one or more broker-dealers or market makers. Debt and equity securities for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors. Because we expect that there will not be a readily available market value for many of the investments in our portfolio, we expect to value many of our portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors in accordance with a documented valuation policy that has been reviewed and approved by our board of directors and in accordance with GAAP. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material.

With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, our board of directors undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:

 

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the Company’s quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by the investment professionals responsible for managing portfolio investments;

 

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preliminary valuation conclusions are then documented and are reviewed with the Mount Logan Investment Committee;

 

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valuation recommendations are then discussed with the pricing committee of the Advisor;

 

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to the extent determined by the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors, independent valuation firms are used to conduct independent appraisals of all “Level 3” investments and review the Advisor’s preliminary valuations in light of their own independent assessment unless the amounts are immaterial or have closed near quarter-end;

 

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the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors reviews the preliminary valuations approved by the pricing committee of the investment adviser and such valuations provided by the independent valuation firms and, if necessary, responds and supplements the valuation recommendation of the independent valuation firms to reflect any comments; and

 

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the Company’s board of directors discusses valuations and determines the fair value of each investment in the Company’s portfolio in good faith based on the input of the investment adviser, the respective independent valuation firms and the audit committee.

The types of factors that the Company may take into account in fair value pricing its investments include, as relevant, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to publicly traded securities and other relevant factors. The Company generally utilizes an income approach to value its debt investments and a combination of income and market approaches to value its equity investments. With respect to unquoted securities, the Advisor and the Company’s board of directors, in consultation with the Company’s independent third party valuation firms, values each investment considering, among other measures, discounted cash flow models, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public and other factors, which valuation is then approved by the board of directors.

 

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For debt investments, the Company generally determines the fair value primarily using an income, or yield, approach that analyzes the discounted cash flows of interest and principal for the debt security, as set forth in the associated loan agreements, as well as the financial position and credit risk of each portfolio investment. The Company’s estimate of the expected repayment date is generally the legal maturity date of the instrument. The yield analysis considers changes in leverage levels, credit quality, portfolio company performance and other factors. The enterprise value, a market approach, is generally used to determine the value of equity and debt investments that are credit impaired, close to maturity or where the Company also holds a controlling equity interest. The method for determining enterprise value uses a multiple analysis, whereby appropriate multiples are applied to the portfolio company’s revenues or net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA.

Equity

We use a combination of the income and market approaches to value our equity investments. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities (including a business). The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future cash flows or earnings to a single present amount (discounted). The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. In following these approaches, the types of factors that we may take into account in fair value pricing our investments include, as relevant: available current market data, including relevant and applicable market trading and transaction comparables, applicable market yields and multiples, the current investment performance rating, security covenants, call protection provisions, information rights, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments, its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public, transaction comparables, our principal market as the reporting entity, and enterprise values, among other factors.

Investments in Funds

In circumstances in which net asset value per share of an investment is determinative of fair value, we estimate the fair value of an investment in an investment company using the net asset value per share of the investment (or its equivalent) without further adjustment if the net asset value per share of the investment is determined in accordance with the specialized accounting guidance for investment companies as of the reporting entity’s measurement date.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures under GAAP, we disclose the fair value of our investments in a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

 

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Level l — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

 

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Level 2 — Quoted prices in markets that are not considered to be active or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly;

 

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Level 3 — Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The level of an asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. However, the determination of what constitutes “observable” requires significant judgment by management. For more information about our fair value measurements, see Note 3 “Investments” in Part II, Item 8 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 3 “Investments” of our Consolidated Financial Statements in in Part I, Item 1 of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

 

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We consider whether the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased and identify transactions that are not orderly in determining fair value. Accordingly, if we determine that either the volume and/or level of activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased (from normal conditions for that asset or liability) or price quotations or observable inputs are not associated with orderly transactions, increased analysis and management judgment will be required to estimate fair value. Valuation techniques such as an income approach might be appropriate to supplement or replace a market approach in those circumstances.

We have adopted the authoritative guidance under GAAP for estimating the fair value of investments in investment companies that have calculated net asset value per share in accordance with the specialized accounting guidance for Investment Companies. Accordingly, in circumstances in which net asset value per share of an investment is determinative of fair value, we estimate the fair value of an investment in an investment company using the net asset value per share of the investment (or its equivalent) without further adjustment if the net asset value per share of the investment is determined in accordance with the specialized accounting guidance for investment companies as of the reporting entity’s measurement date. Redemptions are not generally permitted in our investments in funds.

Determinations in connection with offerings

In connection with certain offerings of shares of our common stock, our board of directors or one of its committees may be required to make the determination that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price below the then current net asset value of our common stock at the time at which the sale is made. Our board of directors or the applicable committee will consider the following factors, among others, in making any such determination:     

 

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the net asset value of our common stock most recently disclosed by us in the most recent periodic report that we filed with the SEC;

 

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our investment adviser’s assessment of whether any material change in the net asset value of our common stock has occurred (including through the realization of gains on the sale of our portfolio securities) during the period beginning on the date of the most recently disclosed net asset value of our common stock and ending two days prior to the date of the sale of our common stock; and

 

•

the magnitude of the difference between the net asset value of our common stock most recently disclosed by us and our investment adviser’s assessment of any material change in the net asset value of our common stock since that determination, and the offering price of the shares of our common stock in the proposed offering.

Importantly, this determination will not require that we calculate the net asset value of our common stock in connection with each offering of shares of our common stock, but instead it will involve the determination by our board of directors or a committee thereof that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price below the then current net asset value of our common stock at the time at which the sale is made or otherwise in violation of the 1940 Act.

These processes and procedures are part of our compliance policies and procedures. Records will be made contemporaneously with all determinations described in this section and these records will be maintained with other records that we are required to maintain under the 1940 Act.

 

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DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

Please refer to “Distributions” in Part II, Item 5 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2021, which is incorporated into this prospectus by reference, for more information regarding our dividend reinvestment plan.

 

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CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following discussion is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us and the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock, preferred stock and debt securities. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to stockholders or debtholders in light of their particular circumstances. Unless otherwise noted, this discussion applies only to U.S. stockholders that hold our common stock or preferred stock as capital assets (within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)) and to debt securities held as capital assets by persons who purchase the debt securities for cash upon original issuance at their “issue price” (the first price at which a substantial amount of the debt securities is sold for money to investors, excluding sales to bond houses, brokers or similar persons or organizations acting in the capacity of underwriter, placement agent or wholesaler). As used herein, a U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of the stock or debt securities that is:

 

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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States,

 

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a corporation (or any other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia,

 

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an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

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a trust if it (a) is subject to the primary supervision of a court in the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) has made a valid election to be treated as a U.S. person, or any estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source.

The term “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the Debt securitis (other than an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. holder.

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) holds the debt securities, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership or a partner of a partnership considering an investment in the debt securities, you should consult your tax advisors.

This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). We have not and will not seek any rulings from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not take positions concerning the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership or disposition of the common or preferred stock or debt securities that are different from those discussed below. This discussion does not represent a detailed description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to special classes of taxpayers including, without limitation, financial institutions, insurance companies, partnerships or other pass-through entities (or investors therein), U.S. stockholders whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar, tax-exempt organizations, real estate investment trusts, “controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies,” dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities or commodities that elect mark to market treatment, U.S. expatriates, or persons that will hold our common stock or preferred stock as a position in a “straddle,” “hedge” or as part of a “constructive sale” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, this discussion does not address the application of the Medicare tax on net investment income or the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax, or any tax consequences attributable to persons being required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to our common or preferred stock or debt securities as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors with regard to the U.S. federal tax consequences (including estate and gift tax consequences,

 

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which this summary does not address) of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of our common or preferred stock or debt securities, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country or other taxing jurisdiction.

This summary does not discuss the consequences of an investment in our subscription rights or warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our preferred stock, common stock or debt securities or as units in combination with such securities. The U.S. federal income tax consequences of such an investment will be discussed in the relevant prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. In addition, we may issue preferred stock with terms resulting in U.S. federal income taxation of holders with respect to such preferred stock in a manner different from as set forth in this summary. In such instances, such differences will be discussed in a relevant prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus.

The discussion below assumes that all debt securities issued will be classified as our indebtedness for United States federal income tax purposes, and you should note that in the event of an alternative characterization, the tax consequences to you would differ from those discussed below. We will summarize any special United States federal tax considerations relevant to a particular issue of the debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company

We have elected to be treated, and intend to qualify each taxable year, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code.

To qualify for the favorable tax treatment accorded to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code, the Company must, among other things: (1) have an election in effect to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year; (2) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies; and (b) net income derived from an interest in certain publicly traded partnerships that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that derive less than 90% of their gross income from the items described in (a) above (each, a “Qualified Publicly Traded Partnership”); and (3) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year of the Company (a) at least 50% of the value of the Company’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities and securities of other RICs, and other securities for purposes of this calculation limited, in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Company’s total assets, and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Company’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of (I) any one issuer, (II) any two or more issuers which the Company controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships (described in 2b above).

As a RIC, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its “investment company taxable income” (as that term is defined in the Code, but determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes in each taxable year to its stockholders, provided that it distributes at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income and its net tax-exempt income for such taxable year. The Company will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rates on any income or capital gains not distributed (or deemed distributed) to its stockholders.

Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax. To prevent imposition of the excise tax, the Company

 

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must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period ending October 31 of the calendar year, and (iii) any ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed during those years. For these purposes, the Company will be deemed to have distributed any income or gains on which it paid U.S. federal income tax.

A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of any calendar year if it is declared by the Company in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Company during January of the following calendar year. Such distributions will be taxable to stockholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received.

If the Company failed to qualify as a RIC or failed to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in any taxable year, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income (including distributions of net capital gain), even if such income were distributed to its stockholders, and all distributions out of earnings and profits would be taxed to stockholders as ordinary dividend income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the case of individual and other noncorporate stockholders and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate stockholders. In addition, the Company could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and make distributions (which could be subject to interest charges) before requalifying for taxation as a RIC.

Distributions

Distributions to stockholders by the Company of ordinary income (including “market discount” realized by the Company on the sale of debt securities), and of net short-term capital gains, if any, realized by the Company will generally be taxable to stockholders as ordinary income to the extent such distributions are paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits. Distributions, if any, of net capital gains properly reported as “capital gain dividends” will be taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time the stockholder has owned our common stock or preferred stock. A distribution of an amount in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) will be treated by a stockholder as a return of capital which will be applied against and reduce the stockholder’s basis in his or her shares of common stock or preferred stock. To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the stockholder’s basis in his or her shares of common stock or preferred stock, the excess will be treated by the stockholder as gain from a sale or exchange of the common stock or preferred stock. Distributions paid by the Company generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations or for the reduced rates applicable to certain qualified dividend income received by non-corporate stockholders.

Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional shares of common stock pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan. Stockholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares of common stock will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of cash that they would have received if they had elected to receive the distribution in cash, unless the Company issues additional shares of common stock with a fair market value equal to or greater than net asset value, in which case, such stockholders will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of the fair market value of the distributed shares of common stock. The additional shares of common stock received by a stockholder pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the shares of common stock were credited to the stockholder’s account.

The Company may elect to retain its net capital gain or a portion thereof for investment and be taxed at corporate rates on the amount retained. In such case, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its stockholders, who will be treated as if each received a distribution of his pro rata

 

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share of such gain, with the result that each stockholder will (i) be required to report its pro rata share of such gain on its tax return as long-term capital gain, (ii) receive a refundable tax credit for its pro rata share of tax paid by the Company on the gain and (iii) increase the tax basis in his or her shares of common or preferred stock by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.

The Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, currently requires that a RIC that has two or more classes of stock allocate to each such class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income and capital gains) based upon the percentage of total dividends paid to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, if the Company issues preferred stock, the Company intends to allocate capital gain dividends, if any, between its common stock and preferred stock in proportion to the total dividends paid to each class with respect to such tax year. Stockholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions, and stockholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares of common stock will receive a report as to the net asset value of those shares.

Nature of the Company’s Investments

Certain of the Company’s investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (ii) convert lower-taxed long-term capital gain into higher-taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income, (iii) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause the Company to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the intended characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above.

These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to stockholders and the Company’s status as a RIC.

Below Investment Grade Instruments

The Company expects to invest in debt securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Company. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Company may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Company, to the extent necessary, to preserve its status as a RIC and to distribute sufficient income to not become subject to U.S. federal income tax.

Original Issue Discount and Other Accrued Amounts

For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as zero coupon securities, debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or debt instruments that were issued with warrants), we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our

 

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stockholders in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash amount. As a result, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code. We may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may not qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment and thus may become subject to corporate-level income tax.

Market Discount

In general, the Company will be treated as having acquired a security with market discount if its stated redemption price at maturity (or, in the case of a security issued with original issue discount, its revised issue price) exceeds the Company’s initial tax basis in the security by more than a statutory de minimis amount. The Company will be required to treat any principal payments on, or any gain derived from the disposition of, any securities acquired with market discount as ordinary income to the extent of the accrued market discount, unless the Company makes an election to accrue market discount on a current basis. If this election is not made, all or a portion of any deduction for interest expense incurred to purchase or carry a market discount security may be deferred until the Company sells or otherwise disposes of such security.

Currency Fluctuations

Under Section 988 of the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the Company accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Company actually collects such income or receivables or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, certain foreign currency options or futures contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss.

Foreign Taxes

The Company’s investment in non-U.S. securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. In that case, the Company’s yield on those securities would be decreased. Stockholders will generally not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Company.

Preferred Stock or Borrowings

If the Company utilizes leverage through the issuance of preferred stock or borrowings, it may be restricted by certain covenants with respect to the declaration of, and payment of, dividends on common stock in certain circumstances. Limits on the Company’s payments of dividends on common stock may prevent the Company from meeting the distribution requirements described above, and may, therefore, jeopardize the Company’s qualification for taxation as a RIC and possibly subject the Company to the 4% excise tax. The Company will endeavor to avoid restrictions on its ability to make dividend payments.

Certain Tax Considerations for Stockholders

Sale or Exchange of Stock

Upon the sale or other disposition of our common stock or preferred stock (except pursuant to a repurchase by the Company, as described below), a stockholder will generally realize a capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the common stock or preferred stock sold. Such gain or loss will be long-term or short-term, depending upon the stockholder’s

 

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holding period for the common stock or preferred stock. Generally, a stockholder’s gain or loss will be a long-term gain or loss if the common stock or preferred stock has been held for more than one year. For non-corporate taxpayers, long-term capital gains are currently eligible for reduced rates of taxation.

No loss will be allowed on the sale or other disposition of common stock or preferred stock if the owner acquires (including pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan) or enters into a contract or option to acquire securities that are substantially identical to such common stock or preferred stock within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the securities acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Losses realized by a stockholder on the sale or exchange of common stock or preferred stock held for six months or less are treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of any distribution of long-term capital gain received (or amounts designated as undistributed capital gains) with respect to such common stock or preferred stock.

From time to time, the Company may offer to repurchase its outstanding common stock. Stockholders who tender all shares of common stock of the Company held, or considered to be held, by them will generally be treated as having sold their shares of common stock and generally will realize a capital gain or loss. If a stockholder tenders fewer than all of its shares of common stock or fewer than all shares of common stock tendered are repurchased, such stockholder may be treated as having received a taxable dividend upon the tender of its shares of common stock. In such a case, there is a risk that non-tendering stockholders, and stockholders who tender some but not all of their shares of common stock or fewer than all of whose shares of common stock are repurchased, in each case whose percentage interests in the Company increase as a result of such tender, will be treated as having received a taxable distribution from the Company. The extent of such risk will vary depending upon the particular circumstances of the tender offer, and in particular whether such offer is a single and isolated event or is part of a plan for periodically redeeming common stock of the Company.

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a stockholder recognizes a loss with respect to shares of common stock or preferred stock of $2 million or more for an individual stockholder or $10 million or more for a corporate stockholder, the stockholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct stockholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, stockholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to stockholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Stockholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Foreign Stockholders

U.S. taxation of a stockholder who is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate or a foreign corporation, as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes (a “foreign Stockholder”), depends on whether the income from the Company is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the stockholder.

If the income from the Company is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the foreign Stockholder, distributions of investment company taxable income will be subject to a U.S. tax of 30% (or lower treaty rate), which tax is generally withheld from such distributions. However, dividends paid by the Company that are “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends” will generally be exempt from such withholding, in each case to the extent the Company properly reports such dividends to stockholders. For these purposes, interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends generally represent distributions of interest or short-term capital gains that would not have been subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the source if received directly by a foreign Stockholder, and that satisfy certain other requirements. A foreign Stockholder whose income from the Company is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business would generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on capital gain dividends, any amounts retained by the Company that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of common stock or preferred stock. However, a foreign Stockholder who is a nonresident alien

 

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individual and is physically present in the United States for more than 182 days during the taxable year and meets certain other requirements will nevertheless be subject to a U.S. tax of 30% on such capital gain dividends, undistributed capital gains and sale or exchange gains.

If the income from the Company is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign Stockholder, then distributions of investment company taxable income, any capital gain dividends, any amounts retained by the Company that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of common stock or preferred stock will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations. Foreign corporate stockholders may also be subject to the branch profits tax imposed by the Code.

The Company may be required to withhold from distributions that are otherwise exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax (or taxable at a reduced treaty rate) unless the foreign Stockholder certifies his or her foreign status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption.

The tax consequences to a foreign Stockholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may differ from those described herein. Foreign Stockholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Company.

Certain Tax Considerations for Debtholders

Stated Interest

Stated interest on the debt securities generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income at the time it is received or accrued, depending on your regular method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes.

Original Issue Discount

A debt security with an “issue price” (as defined above) that is less than its stated principal amount generally will be treated as issued with OID for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to that difference, unless that difference is less than a de minimis amount equal to 0.25% of the stated principal amount multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity (or, in the case of an amortizing debt security, the weighted average maturity of the debt security), in which case the debt security will not be treated as issued with OID. If the debt securities are issued with OID, you generally must include the OID in gross income (as ordinary income) as it accrues (on a constant yield to maturity basis) in advance of the receipt of the cash payment thereof and regardless of your regular method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes. However, you generally will not be required to include separately in income cash payments received on the debt securities, even if denominated as interest, to the extent those payments do not constitute “qualified stated interest,” which means stated interest that is unconditionally payable in cash or in property, other than debt instruments of the issuer, and meets all of the following conditions:

 

•

it is payable at least once per year;

 

•

it is payable over the entire term of the debt security; and

 

•

it is payable at a single fixed rate or, subject to certain conditions, a rate based on one or more interest indices.

Notice will be given in the applicable prospectus supplement when we determine that a particular debt security will be an original issue discount debt security. Additional OID rules applicable to debt securities that are denominated in or determined by reference to a currency other than the U.S. dollar (“foreign currency debt securities”) are described under “— Foreign Currency Debt Securities” below.

 

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If you own a debt security issued with de minimis OID, which is discount that is not treated as OID because it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity (or, in the case of an amortizing debt security, the weighted average maturity of the note), you generally must include the de minimis OID in income at the time principal payments on the debt securities are made. The includible amount with respect to each payment will be equal to the product of the total amount of the debt security’s de minimis OID and a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of the principal payment made and the denominator of which is the stated principal amount of the debt security. Any amount of de minimis OID includible in income under the preceding sentence is treated as an amount received in retirement of the debt security and thus as capital gain.

Certain of the debt securities may contain provisions permitting them to be redeemed prior to their stated maturity at our option and/or at your option. Original issue discount debt securities containing those features may be subject to rules that differ from the general rules discussed herein. If you are considering the purchase of original issue discount debt securities with those features, you should carefully examine the applicable prospectus supplement and should consult your own tax advisors with respect to those features since the tax consequences to you with respect to OID will depend, in part, on the particular terms and features of such debt securities.

The amount of OID, if any, that you must include in income for any taxable year with respect to a debt security will generally equal the sum of the “daily portions” of OID with respect to the debt security for each day during such taxable year on which you held that debt security (“accrued OID”). The daily portion is determined by allocating to each day in any “accrual period” a pro rata portion of the OID allocable to that accrual period. The “accrual period” may be of any length and may vary in length over the term of the debt security, provided that each accrual period is no longer than one year and each scheduled payment of principal and interest occurs on the first day or the final day of an accrual period. The amount of OID allocable to any accrual period other than the final accrual period is an amount equal to the excess, if any, of

 

•

the debt security’s “adjusted issue price” at the beginning of the accrual period multiplied by its yield to maturity, determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each accrual period and properly adjusted for the length of the accrual period, over

 

•

the aggregate of any stated interest allocable to the accrual period.

OID allocable to a final accrual period is the difference between the stated principal amount and the adjusted issue price at the beginning of the final accrual period. Special rules will apply for calculating OID for an initial short accrual period. The “adjusted issue price” of a debt security at the beginning of any accrual period is equal to its issue price increased by the accrued OID, if any, for each prior accrual period and reduced by any payments previously made on the debt security other than a payment of qualified stated interest. Under these rules, you generally will have to include in income increasingly greater amounts of OID in successive accrual periods.

Debt securities that provide for a variable rate of interest and that meet certain other requirements (“floating rate debt securities”) are subject to special OID rules. In the case of an original issue discount debt security that is a floating rate debt security, the “yield to maturity” and “qualified stated interest” will be determined solely for purposes of calculating the accrual of OID as though the debt security will bear interest in all periods at a fixed rate generally equal to the rate that would be applicable to interest payments on the debt security on its date of issue or, in the case of certain floating rate debt securities, the rate that reflects the yield to maturity that is reasonably expected for the debt security. Additional rules may apply if either:

 

•

the interest on a floating rate debt security is based on more than one interest index; or

 

•

the principal amount of the debt security is indexed in any manner.

The discussion above generally does not address debt securities providing for contingent payments. You should carefully examine the applicable prospectus supplement regarding the United States federal income tax

 

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consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of any debt securities providing for contingent payments.

You may elect to treat all interest on any debt security as OID and calculate the amount includible in gross income under the constant yield method described above. For purposes of this election, interest includes stated interest, acquisition discount, OID, de minimis OID, market discount, de minimis market discount and unstated interest, as adjusted by any amortizable bond premium or acquisition premium. You should consult with your own tax advisors regarding this election.

Short-Term Debt securities

In the case of debt securities having a term of one year or less (“short-term debt securities”), all payments, including all stated interest, will be included in the stated redemption price at maturity and will not be qualified stated interest. As a result, you will generally be taxed on the discount instead of stated interest. The discount will be equal to the excess of the stated redemption price at maturity over the issue price of a short-term debt security, unless you elect to compute the discount using tax basis instead of issue price. In general, individuals and certain other cash method U.S. holders of short-term debt securities are not required to include accrued discount in their income currently unless they elect to do so, but may be required to include stated interest in income as the income is received. U.S. holders that report income for United States federal income tax purposes on the accrual method and certain other U.S. holders are required to accrue discount on short-term debt securities (as ordinary income) on a straight-line basis, unless an election is made to accrue the discount according to a constant yield method based on daily compounding. If you are not required, and do not elect, to include discount in income currently, any gain you realize on the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a short-term debt security will generally be ordinary income to you to the extent of the discount accrued by you through the date of the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition. In addition, if you do not elect to currently include accrued discount in income, you may be required to defer deductions for a portion of your interest expense with respect to any indebtedness attributable to the short-term debt securities.

Market Discount

If you purchase a debt security (other than a short-term debt security) for an amount that is less than its stated redemption price at maturity (or, in the case of an original issue discount debt security, its adjusted issue price), the amount of the difference will be treated as “market discount” for United States federal income tax purposes, unless that difference is less than a specified de minimis amount. Under the market discount rules, you will be required to treat any principal payment on, or any gain on the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of, a debt security as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that you have not previously included in income and are treated as having accrued on the debt security at the time of the payment or disposition.

In addition, you may be required to defer, until the maturity of the debt security or its earlier disposition in a taxable transaction, the deduction of all or a portion of the interest expense on any indebtedness attributable to the debt security. You may elect, on a security-by-security basis, to deduct the deferred interest expense in a tax year prior to the year of disposition. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding this election.

Any market discount will be considered to accrue ratably during the period from the date of acquisition to the maturity date of the debt security, unless you elect to accrue on a constant interest method. You may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues, on either a ratable or constant interest method, in which case the rule described above regarding deferral of interest deductions will not apply. An election to accrue market discount on a current basis will apply to all debt instruments acquired with market discount that you acquire on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies. The election may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding this election.

 

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Acquisition Premium, Amortizable Bond Premium

If you purchase an original issue discount debt security for an amount that is greater than its adjusted issue price but equal to or less than the sum of all amounts payable on the debt security after the purchase date other than payments of qualified stated interest, you will be considered to have purchased that debt security at an “acquisition premium.” Under the acquisition premium rules, the amount of OID that you must include in gross income with respect to the debt security for any taxable year will be reduced by the portion of the acquisition premium properly allocable to that year.

If you purchase a debt security (including an original issue discount debt security) for an amount in excess of the sum of all amounts payable on the debt security after the purchase date other than qualified stated interest, you will be considered to have purchased the debt security at a “premium” and, if it is an original issue discount debt security, you will not be required to include any OID in income. You generally may elect to amortize the premium over the remaining term of the debt security on a constant yield method as an offset to interest when includible in income under your regular accounting method. If you do not elect to amortize the premium, that premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss you would otherwise recognize on disposition of the debt security. An election to amortize premium on a constant yield method will also apply to all other taxable debt instruments held or subsequently acquired by you on or after the first day of the first taxable year for which the election is made. Such an election may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS. You should consult your tax advisors regarding this election. Special rules limit the amortization of premium in the case of convertible debt instruments.

Sale, Exchange, Retirement, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Debt Securities

Upon the sale, exchange, retirement, redemption or other taxable disposition of a debt security, you generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange, retirement, redemption or other taxable disposition (less any amount attributable to accrued and unpaid stated interest, which will be taxable as interest income to the extent not previously included in income) and your adjusted tax basis in the debt security. Your adjusted tax basis in a debt security will generally be your cost for that debt security, increased by any OID and market discount previously included in income and reduced by any amortized premium and any cash payments on the debt security other than qualified stated interest. Except as described above with respect to certain short-term debt securities or market discount, or with respect to gain or loss attributable to changes in exchange rates as discussed below with respect to foreign currency debt securities. any gain or loss you recognize will generally be capital gain or loss and will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the debt security for more than one year. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. holders (including individuals) are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Extendible Debt securities, Reset Debt securities and Renewable Debt securities

If so specified in an applicable prospectus supplement relating to a debt security, we or a holder may have the option to extend the maturity of a debt security. See “Description of our Debt Securities.” In addition, we may have the option to reset the interest rate or the spread. See “Description of our Debt securities.” The treatment of a U.S. holder of debt securities with respect to which such an option has been exercised may depend, in part, on the terms established for such debt securities by us pursuant to the exercise of such option (the “Revised Terms”). Such U.S. holder may be treated for United States federal income tax purposes as having exchanged such debt securities (the “Old Debt securities”) for new debt securities with the Revised Terms (the “New Debt securities”). If the exercise of the option by us is not treated as an exchange of Old Debt securities for New Debt securities, no gain or loss will be recognized by a U.S. holder as a result thereof. If the exercise of the option is treated as a taxable exchange of Old Debt securities for New Debt securities, a U.S. holder will generally recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the issue price of the New Debt securities and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the Old Debt securities (although in certain circumstances, such exchange may qualify as a tax-free recapitalization).

 

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The presence of such options may also affect the calculation of OID, among other things. The OID rules provide that, solely for purposes of the accrual of OID, an issuer of a debt instrument having an unconditional option or combination of unconditional options to extend the term of the debt instrument will be presumed to exercise such option or options in the manner that minimizes the yield on the debt instrument. Conversely, a holder having an unconditional put option, an unconditional option to extend the term of the debt instrument or a combination of such options will be presumed to exercise such option or options in a manner that maximizes the yield on the debt instrument. If the exercise of such option or options to extend the term of the debt instrument actually occurs or the option to put does not occur, contrary to the presumption made under the OID rules (a “change in circumstances”), then, solely for purposes of the accrual of OID, the debt instrument is treated as reissued on the date of the change in circumstances for an amount equal to its adjusted issue price on that date. If you are considering the purchase of extendible, reset or renewable debt securities, you should carefully examine the applicable prospectus supplement and consult your own tax advisors regarding the United States federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of such debt securities.

Foreign Currency Debt Securities

Payments of Interest. If you receive interest payments made in a foreign currency and you use the cash basis method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes, you will be required to include in income the U.S. dollar value of the amount received, determined by translating the foreign currency received at the spot rate of exchange (the “spot rate”) in effect on the date such payment is received regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. You will not recognize exchange gain or loss with respect to the receipt of such payment.

If you use the accrual method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes, you may determine the amount of income recognized with respect to such interest in accordance with either of two methods. Under the first method, you will be required to include in income for each taxable year the U.S. dollar value of the interest that has accrued during such year, determined by translating such interest at the average rate of exchange for the period or periods (or portions thereof) in such year during which such interest accrued. Under the second method, you may elect to translate interest income at the spot rate on the last day of the accrual period (or the last day of the taxable year if the accrual period straddles your taxable year) or the date the interest payment is received if such date is within five business days of the end of the accrual period.

In addition, if you use the accrual method of accounting, upon receipt of an interest payment on a debt security (including, upon the sale or other taxable disposition of a debt security, the receipt of proceeds which include amounts attributable to accrued interest previously included in income), you will recognize exchange gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of such payment (determined by translating the foreign currency received at the spot rate for such foreign currency on the date such payment is received) and the U.S. dollar value of the interest income you previously included in income with respect to such payment. Any such exchange gain or loss will generally be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss.

Original Issue Discount. OID on a foreign currency debt security will be determined for any accrual period in the applicable foreign currency and then translated into U.S. dollars, in the same manner as interest income accrued by a holder on the accrual basis, as described above. You will recognize exchange gain or loss when OID is paid (including, upon the sale or other taxable disposition of a debt security, the receipt of proceeds that include amounts attributable to OID previously included in income) to the extent of the difference between the U.S. dollar value of such payment (determined by translating the foreign currency received at the spot rate for such foreign currency on the date such payment is received) and the U.S. dollar value of the accrued OID (determined in the same manner as for accrued interest). For these purposes, all receipts on a debt security will be viewed:

 

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first, as the receipt of any qualified stated interest payments called for under the terms of the debt security;

 

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•

second, as receipts of previously accrued OID (to the extent thereof), with payments considered made for the earliest accrual periods first; and

 

•

third, as the receipt of principal.

Market Discount and Bond Premium. The amount of market discount includible in income with respect to a foreign currency debt security will generally be determined by translating the market discount (determined in the foreign currency) into U.S. dollars at the spot rate on the date the foreign currency debt security is retired or otherwise disposed of. If you have elected to accrue market discount currently, then the amount which accrues is determined in the foreign currency and then translated into U.S. dollars on the basis of the average exchange rate in effect during the accrual period. You will recognize exchange gain or loss with respect to market discount which is accrued currently using the approach applicable to the accrual of interest income as described above.

Bond premium on a foreign currency debt security will be computed in the applicable foreign currency. If you have elected to amortize such premium, the amortizable bond premium will reduce interest income in the applicable foreign currency. At the time bond premium is amortized, exchange gain or loss will be realized with respect to such amortized premium based on the difference between spot rates at such time and the time of acquisition of the foreign currency debt security.

Sale, Exchange, Retirement or other Taxable Disposition of Foreign Currency Debt securities. Upon the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a foreign currency debt security, you will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition (less an amount equal to any accrued but unpaid qualified stated interest, which will be treated as a payment of interest for United States federal income tax purposes) and your adjusted tax basis in the foreign currency debt security. Your initial tax basis in a foreign currency debt security will generally be your U.S. dollar cost. If you purchased a foreign currency debt security with foreign currency, your U.S. dollar cost will generally be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency amount paid for such foreign currency debt security, determined by translating the foreign currency at the spot rate at the time of such purchase. If your foreign currency debt security is sold, exchanged, retired or otherwise disposed of for an amount denominated in foreign currency, then your amount realized generally will be based on the spot rate of the foreign currency on the date of the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition. If, however, you are a cash method taxpayer and the foreign currency debt securities are traded on an established securities market for United States federal income tax purposes, foreign currency paid or received will be translated into U.S. dollars at the spot rate on the settlement date of the purchase or sale. An accrual method taxpayer may elect the same treatment with respect to the purchase and sale of foreign currency debt securities traded on an established securities market, provided that the election is applied consistently.

Except as described above with respect to certain short-term debt securities or market discount, and subject to the foreign currency rules discussed below, any gain or loss recognized upon the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a foreign currency debt security will generally be capital gain or loss and will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held the foreign currency debt security for more than one year. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. holders (including individuals) are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Gain or loss recognized by you on the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a foreign currency debt security will generally be treated as United States source gain or loss.

A portion of your gain or loss with respect to the principal amount of a foreign currency debt security may be treated as exchange gain or loss. Exchange gain or loss will generally be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss. For these purposes, the principal amount of the foreign currency debt security is your purchase price for the foreign currency debt security calculated in the foreign currency on the date of purchase, and the amount of exchange gain or loss recognized is equal to the difference between (i) the U.S. dollar value of the principal amount determined at the spot rate on the date of the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable

 

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disposition of the foreign currency debt security and (ii) the U.S. dollar value of the principal amount determined at the spot rate on the date you purchased the foreign currency debt security (or, possibly, in the case of cash basis or electing accrual basis taxpayers, the settlement dates of such purchase and taxable disposition, if the foreign currency debt security is treated as traded on an established securities market for United States federal income tax purposes). The amount of exchange gain or loss realized on the disposition of the foreign currency debt security (with respect to both principal and accrued interest) will be limited to the amount of overall gain or loss realized on the disposition of the foreign currency debt security.

Exchange Gain or Loss with Respect to Foreign Currency. Your tax basis in any foreign currency received as interest on a foreign currency debt security or on the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a foreign currency debt security will be the U.S. dollar value thereof at the spot rate in effect on the date the foreign currency is received. Any gain or loss recognized by you on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the foreign currency will generally be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss.

Dual Currency Debt Securities. If so specified in an applicable prospectus supplement relating to a foreign currency debt security, we may have the option to make all payments of principal and interest scheduled after the exercise of such option in a currency other than the specified currency. Applicable United States Treasury regulations generally (i) apply the principles contained in the regulations governing contingent debt instruments to dual currency debt securities in the “predominant currency” of the dual currency debt securities and (ii) apply the rules discussed above with respect to foreign currency debt securities with OID for the translation of interest and principal into U.S. dollars. If you are considering the purchase of dual currency debt securities, you should carefully examine the applicable prospectus supplement and should consult your own tax advisors regarding the United States federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of such debt securities.

Reportable Transactions. Treasury regulations issued under the Code meant to require the reporting of certain tax shelter transactions could be interpreted to cover transactions generally not regarded as tax shelters, including certain foreign currency transactions. Under the Treasury regulations, certain transactions are required to be reported to the IRS, including, in certain circumstances, a sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a foreign currency debt security or foreign currency received in respect of a foreign currency debt security to the extent that such sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition results in a tax loss in excess of a threshold amount. If you are considering the purchase of a foreign currency debt security, you should consult with your own tax advisors to determine the tax return obligations, if any, with respect to such an investment, including any requirement to file IRS Form 8886 (Reportable Transaction Disclosure Statement).

Certain Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Debt Securities

The following is a summary of certain United States federal income tax consequences that will apply to non-U.S. holders of the debt securities.

United States Federal Withholding Tax

Subject to the discussions of backup withholding and FATCA below, United States federal withholding tax will not apply to any payment of interest (which, for purposes of the discussion of non-U.S. holders, includes any OID) on the debt securities under the “portfolio interest rule,” provided that:

 

•

interest paid on the debt securities is not effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States;

 

•

you do not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock within the meaning of the Code and applicable United States Treasury regulations;

 

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•

you are not a controlled foreign corporation that is actually or constructively related to us through stock ownership;

 

•

the interest is not considered contingent interest under Section 871(h)(4)(A) of the Code and the United States Treasury regulations thereunder;

 

•

you are not a bank whose receipt of interest on the debt securities is described in Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code; and

 

•

either (1) you provide your name and address on an applicable IRS Form W-8, and certify, under penalties of perjury, that you are not a United States person as defined under the Code or (2) you hold your debt securities through certain foreign intermediaries and satisfy the certification requirements of applicable United States Treasury regulations. Special certification rules apply to non-U.S. holders that are pass-through entities rather than corporations or individuals.

If you cannot satisfy the requirements described above, payments of interest made to you will be subject to a 30% United States federal withholding tax, unless you provide the applicable withholding agent with a properly executed:

 

•

IRS Form W-8BEN or Form W-8BEN-E (or other applicable form) claiming an exemption from or reduction in withholding under the benefit of an applicable income tax treaty; or

 

•

IRS Form W-8ECI (or other applicable form) certifying that interest paid on the debt securities is not subject to withholding tax because it is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (as discussed below under “— United States Federal Income Tax”).

United States Federal Income Tax

If you are engaged in a trade or business in the United States and interest on the debt securities is effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a United States permanent establishment), then you generally will be subject to United States federal income tax on that interest on a net income basis in the same manner as if you were a United States person as defined under the Code (although you will be exempt from the 30% United States federal withholding tax described above, provided the certification requirements discussed above in “— United States Federal Withholding Tax” are satisfied). In addition, if you are a foreign corporation, you may be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or a lower applicable income tax treaty rate) of your effectively connected earnings and profits, subject to adjustments.

Subject to the discussion of backup withholding below, any gain realized on the sale, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a Debt security generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax unless:

 

•

the gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a United States permanent establishment), in which case such gain generally will be subject to United States federal income tax (and possibly branch profits tax) in the same manner as effectively connected interest as described above; or

 

•

you are an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of that disposition and certain other conditions are met, in which case, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise, you generally will be subject to a 30% United States federal income tax on any gain recognized, which may be offset by certain United States source losses.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

The Company may be required to withhold from all distributions, interest and principal payments (including accruals of OID, if any), redemption proceeds, and the proceeds from a sale or other taxable disposition

 

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(including a retirement or redemption) of a debt security paid to you (unless you are an exempt recipient) payable to U.S. stockholders and debtholders who fail to provide the Company with their correct taxpayer identification numbers or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Certain stockholders and debtholders specified in the Code generally are exempt from such backup withholding. This backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be refunded or credited against the stockholder’s or debtholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

U.S. Holders

In general, information reporting requirements will apply to payments of stated interest on the debt securities, accruals of OID (if any) and the proceeds from a sale or other taxable disposition (including a retirement or redemption) of a debt security paid to you (unless you are an exempt recipient). Backup withholding may apply to any payments described in the preceding sentence if you fail to provide a taxpayer identification number or a certification of exempt status, or if you fail to report in full dividend and interest income.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Non-U.S. Holders

Generally, the amount of interest (including any OID) paid to you and the amount of tax, if any, withheld with respect to those payments will be reported to the IRS. Copies of the information returns reporting such interest payments and any withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which you reside under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty.

In general, you will not be subject to backup withholding with respect to payments of interest (including any OID) on the Debt securities that we make to you, provided that the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a United States person as defined under the Code and such withholding agent has received from you the statement described above in the sixth bullet point under “— Certain Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Debt Securities — United States Federal Withholding Tax.”

Information reporting and, depending on the circumstances, backup withholding will apply to the proceeds of a sale or other taxable disposition (including a retirement or redemption) of debt securities within the United States or conducted through certain United States-related financial intermediaries, unless you certify to the payor under penalties of perjury that you are a non-U.S. holder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a United States person as defined under the Code), or you otherwise establish an exemption.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against your United States federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Additional Withholding Requirements

Under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as “FATCA”), a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax may apply to any dividends or any interest (including any OID) paid on the debt securities that the Company pays to (i) a “foreign financial institution” (as specifically defined in the Code and whether such foreign financial institution is the beneficial owner or an intermediary), which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN-E, evidencing either (x) an exemption from FATCA,

 

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or (y) its compliance (or deemed compliance) with FATCA (which may alternatively be in the form of compliance with an intergovernmental agreement with the United States) in a manner which avoids withholding or (ii) a “non-financial foreign entity,” (as specifically defined in the Code and whether such nonfinancial foreign entity is the beneficial owner or an intermediary) which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN-E, evidencing either (x) an exemption from FATCA, or (y) adequate information regarding certain substantial United States beneficial owners of such entity (if any). In certain cases, the relevant foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity may qualify for an exemption from, or be deemed to be in compliance with, these rules. In addition, foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules. If an interest payment is both subject to withholding under FATCA and subject to the withholding tax discussed above under “— Certain Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders of Debt Securities — United States Federal Withholding Tax,” an applicable withholding agent may credit the withholding under FATCA against, and therefore reduce, such other withholding tax. While withholding under FATCA would also have applied to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of the debt securities, proposed United States Treasury regulations (upon which taxpayers may rely until final regulations are issued) eliminate FATCA withholding on payments of gross proceeds entirely. You should consult your own tax adviser regarding FATCA and whether it may be relevant to your ownership and disposition of our common or preferred stock or debt securities.

Other Taxation

Stockholders may be subject to state, local and foreign taxes on their distributions from the Company. Stockholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Company.

 

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SALES OF COMMON STOCK BELOW NET ASSET VALUE

We may submit to our stockholders, for their approval, a proposal seeking authorization to make sales of our common stock at prices below our most recently determined NAV per share. Pursuant to the approval of our Board of Directors, we have made such sales in the past, and we may continue to do so under this prospectus if we seek and receive stockholder approval.

Any offering of common stock below NAV per share will be designed to raise capital for investment in accordance with our investment objectives and business strategies.

In making a determination that an offering below NAV per share is in our and our stockholders’ best interests, our Board of Directors would consider a variety of factors including:

 

•

The effect that an offering below NAV per share would have on our stockholders, including the potential dilution they would experience as a result of the offering;

 

•

The amount per share by which the offering price per share and the net proceeds per share are less than the most recently determined NAV per share;

 

•

The relationship of recent market prices of our common stock to NAV per share and the potential impact of the offering on the market price per share of our common stock;

 

•

Whether the proposed offering price would closely approximate the market value of our shares;

 

•

The potential market impact of being able to raise capital during the current financial market difficulties;

 

•

The nature of any new investors anticipated to acquire shares in the offering;

 

•

The anticipated rate of return on and quality, type and availability of investments to be funded with the proceeds from the offering, if any; and

 

•

The leverage available to us, both before and after any offering, and the terms thereof.

Sales by us of our common stock at a discount from NAV pose potential risks for our existing stockholders whether or not they participate in the offering, as well as for new investors who participate in the offering.

The following three headings and accompanying tables will explain and provide hypothetical examples on the impact of an offering at a price less than NAV per share on three different sets of investors:

 

•

existing stockholders who do not purchase any shares in the offering;

 

•

existing stockholders who purchase a relatively small amount of shares in the offering or a relatively large amount of shares in the offering; and

 

•

new investors who become stockholders by purchasing shares in the offering.

Impact on Existing Stockholders who do not Participate in the Offering

Our existing stockholders who do not participate in an offering below NAV per share or who do not buy additional shares in the secondary market at the same or lower price we obtain in the offering (after expenses and commissions) face the greatest potential risks. All stockholders will experience an immediate decrease (often called dilution) in the NAV of the shares they hold. Stockholders who do not participate in the offering will also experience a disproportionately greater decrease in their participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than stockholders who do participate in the offering. All stockholders may also experience a decline in the market price of their shares, which often reflects to some degree announced or potential decreases in NAV per share. This decrease could be more pronounced as the size of the offering and level of discount to NAV increases.

 

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The following table illustrates the level of NAV dilution that would be experienced by a nonparticipating stockholder in different hypothetical offerings of different sizes and levels of discount from NAV per share. Actual sales prices and discounts may differ from the presentation below.

The examples assume that Company XYZ has 3,000,000 common shares outstanding, $40,000,000 in total assets and $10,000,000 in total liabilities. The current net asset value and NAV are thus $30,000,000 and $10.00, respectively. The table illustrates the dilutive effect on nonparticipating Stockholder A of (1) an offering of 300,000 shares (10% of the outstanding shares) with proceeds to the Company XYZ at $9.00 per share after offering expenses and commissions, and (2) an offering of 600,000 shares (20% of the outstanding shares) with proceeds to the Company at $0.001 per share after offering expenses and commissions (a 100% discount from net asset value).

 

		Prior to Sale Below NAV				Example 1 10% Offering at 10% Discount								Example 2 20% Offering at 100% Discount
						Following Sale				% Change				Following Sale				% Change
Offering Price
Price per Share to Public(1)			—			$	9.47				—			$	0.001				—
Net Proceeds per Share to Issuer			—			$	9.00				—			$	0.001				—
Decrease to NAV
Total Shares Outstanding			3,000,000				3,300,000				10.00	%			3,600,000				20.00	%
NAV per Share		$	10.00			$	9.91				(0.90	)%		$	8.33				(16.67	)%
Share Dilution to Stockholder
Shares Held by Stockholder A			30,000				30,000				—				30,000				—
Percentage of Shares Held by Stockholder A			1.00	%			0.91	%			(9.09	)%			0.83	%			(16.67	)%
Total Asset Values
Total NAV Held by Stockholder A		$	300,000			$	297,273				(0.90	)%		$	250,005				(16.67	)%
Total Investment by Stockholder A (Assumed to Be $10.00 per Share)		$	300,000			$	300,000				—			$	300,000				—
Total Dilution to Stockholder A (Change in Total NAV Held By Stockholder)						$	(2,727	)			—			$	(49,995	)			—
Per Share Amounts
NAV per Share Held by Stockholder A			—			$	9.91				—			$	8.33				—
Investment per Share Held by Stockholder A (Assumed to be $10.00 per Share on Shares Held Prior to Sale)		$	10.00			$	10.00				—			$	10.00				—
Dilution per Share Held by Stockholder A			—			$	(0.09	)			—			$	(1.67	)			—
Percentage Dilution per Share Held by Stockholder A			—				—				(0.90	)%			—				(16.67	)%

 

(1)	Assumes 5% in selling compensation and expenses paid by Company XYZ.

Impact on Existing Stockholders who do Participate in the Offering

Our existing stockholders who participate in an offering below NAV per share or who buy additional shares in the secondary market at the same or lower price as we obtain in the offering (after expenses and commissions) will experience the same types of NAV dilution as the nonparticipating stockholders, albeit at a lower level, to the extent they purchase less than the same percentage of the discounted offering as their interest in our shares immediately prior to the offering. The level of NAV dilution on an aggregate basis will decrease as the number of shares such stockholders purchase increases. Existing stockholders who buy more than their proportionate percentage will experience NAV dilution but will, in contrast to existing stockholders who purchase less than their proportionate share of the offering, experience an increase (often called accretion) in NAV per share over

 

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their investment per share and will also experience a disproportionately greater increase in their participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than our increase in assets, potential earning power and voting interests due to the offering. The level of accretion will increase as the excess number of shares purchased by such stockholder increases. Even a stockholder who over-participates will, however, be subject to the risk that we may make additional discounted offerings in which such stockholder does not participate, in which case such a stockholder will experience NAV dilution as described above in such subsequent offerings. These stockholders may also experience a decline in the market price of their shares, which often reflects to some degree announced or potential decreases in NAV per share. This decrease could be more pronounced as the size of the offering and the level of discount to NAV increases.

The following chart illustrates the level of dilution and accretion in the hypothetical 20% discount offering from the prior chart (Example 3) for a stockholder that acquires shares equal to (1) 50% of its proportionate share of the offering (i.e., 3,000 shares, which is 0.5% of an offering of 600,000 shares rather than its 1.0% proportionate share) and (2) 150% of such percentage (i.e., 9,000 shares, which is 1.5% of an offering of 600,000 shares rather than its 1.0% proportionate share). The prospectus supplement pursuant to which any discounted offering is made will include a chart for this example based on the actual number of shares in such offering and the actual discount from the most recently determined NAV per share.

 

		Prior to Sale Below NAV				50% Participation								150% Participation
						Following Sale				% Change				Following Sale				% Change
Offering Price
Price per Share to Public(1)			—			$	8.42				—			$	8.42				—
Net Proceeds per Share to Issuer			—			$	8.00				—			$	8.00				—
Increase in Shares and Decrease to NAV
Total Shares Outstanding			3,000,000				3,600,000				20.00	%			3,600,000				20.00	%
NAV per Share		$	10.00			$	9.67				(3.33	)%		$	9.67				(3.33	)%
Dilution/Accretion to Participating Stockholder A
Share Dilution/Accretion
Shares Held by Stockholder A			30,000				33,000				10.00	%			39,000				30.00	%
Percentage Outstanding Held by Stockholder A			1.00	%			0.92	%			(8.33	)%			1.08	%			8.33	%
NAV Dilution/Accretion
Total NAV Held by Stockholder A		$	300,000			$	319,000				6.33	%		$	377,000				25.67	%
Total Investment by Stockholder A (Assumed to be $10.00 per Share on Shares Held Prior to Sale)			—			$	325,260				—			$	375,780				—
Total Dilution/Accretion to Stockholder A (Total NAV Less Total Investment)			—			$	(6,260	)			—			$	1,220				—
NAV Dilution/Accretion per Share
NAV per Share Held by Stockholder A			—			$	9.67				—			$	9.67				—
Investment per Share Held by Stockholder A (Assumed to be $10.00 per Share on Shares Held Prior to Sale)		$	10.00			$	9.86				(1.44	)%		$	9.64				(3.65	)%
NAV Dilution/Accretion per Share Experienced by Stockholder A (NAV per Share Less Investment per Share)			—			$	(0.19	)			—			$	0.03				—
Percentage NAV Dilution/Accretion Experienced by Stockholder A (NAV Dilution/Accretion per Share Divided by Investment per Share)			—				—				(1.96	)%			—				0.32	%

 

(1)	Assumes 5% in selling compensation and expenses paid by Company XYZ.

 

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Impact on New Investors

Investors who are not currently stockholders, but who participate in an offering below NAV and whose investment per share is greater than the resulting NAV per share (due to selling compensation and expenses paid by us) will experience an immediate decrease, albeit small, in the NAV of their shares and their NAV per share compared to the price they pay for their shares. Investors who are not currently stockholders and who participate in an offering below NAV per share and whose investment per share is also less than the resulting NAV per share will experience an immediate increase in the NAV of their shares and their NAV per share compared to the price they pay for their shares. All these investors will experience a disproportionately greater participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than our increase in assets, potential earning power and voting interests. These investors will, however, be subject to the risk that we may make additional discounted offerings in which such new stockholder does not participate, in which case such new stockholder will experience dilution as described above in such subsequent offerings. These investors may also experience a decline in the market price of their shares, which often reflects to some degree announced or potential decreases in NAV per share. This decrease could be more pronounced as the size of the offering and level of discount to NAV increases.

The following chart illustrates the level of dilution or accretion for new investors that would be experienced by a new investor in the same hypothetical 10% and 100% discounted offerings as described in the first chart above. The illustration is for a new investor who purchases the same percentage (1.00%) of the shares in the offering as Stockholder A in the prior examples held immediately prior to the offering. The prospectus supplement pursuant to which any discounted offering is made will include a chart for these examples based on the actual number of shares in such offering and the actual discount from the most recently determined NAV per share.

 

		Prior to Sale Below NAV				Example 1 10% Offering at 10% Discount								Example 2 20% Offering at 100% Discount
						Following Sale				% Change				Following Sale				% Change
Offering Price
Price per Share to Public(1)			—			$	9.47				—			$	0.001				—
Net Proceeds per Share to Issuer			—			$	9.00				—			$	0.001				—
Increase in Shares and Decrease to NAV
Total Shares Outstanding			3,000,000				3,300,000				10.00	%			3,600,000				20.00	%
NAV per Share		$	10.00			$	9.91				(0.91	)%		$	8.33				(16.67	)%
Dilution/Accretion to New Investor A
Share Dilution
Shares Held by Investor A			—				3,000				—				6,000				—
Percentage Outstanding Held by Investor A			0.00	%			0.09	%			—				0.17	%			—
NAV Dilution
Total NAV Held by Investor A			—			$	29,727				—				—			$	50,001
Total Investment by Investor A (At Price to Public)			—			$	28,421				—			$	6				—
Total Dilution/Accretion to Investor A (Total NAV Less Total Investment)			—			$	1,306				—			$	49,995				—
NAV Dilution per Share
NAV per Share Held by Investor A		$	9.91				—			$	8.33				—
Investment per Share Held by Investor A			—			$	9.47				—			$	0.001				—
NAV Dilution/Accretion per Share Experienced by Investor A (NAV per Share Less Investment per Share)			—			$	0.44				—			$	8.33				—
Percentage NAV Dilution/Accretion Experienced by Investor A (NAV Dilution/Accretion per Share Divided by Investment per Share)			—				—				4.60	%			—				791,582.50	%

 

(1)	Assumes 5% in selling compensation and expenses paid by Company XYZ.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK

The following description is based in part on relevant portions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and on our charter and bylaws. This summary is not necessarily complete, and we refer you to the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below.

Stock

Our authorized stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of stock, par value $0.01 per share, all of which are initially designated as common stock. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “LRFC.” There are no outstanding options or warrants to purchase our stock. No stock has been authorized for issuance under any equity compensation plans. Under Maryland law, our stockholders generally are not personally liable for our debts or obligations.

The following are our outstanding classes of securities as of December 10, 2021:

 

Title of Class

Amount Authorized

Amount Held by Us or for Our Account

Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amounts Shown Under (3)

Common stock

100,000,000

—

2,711,068

Under our charter, our Board of Directors is authorized to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock without obtaining stockholder approval. As permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, our charter provides that the Board of Directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend the charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue.

Common Stock

All shares of our common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets, voting, and distributions and, when they are issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if, as and when authorized by our Board of Directors and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. Shares of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion or redemption rights and are freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by federal and state securities laws or by contract. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each share of our common stock would be entitled to share ratably in all of our assets that are legally available for distribution after we pay all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential rights of holders of our preferred stock, if any preferred stock is outstanding at such time. Each share of our common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will possess exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of our directors, and holders of less than a majority of such shares will be unable to elect any director.

Preferred Stock

Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock, including preferred stock. The cost of any such reclassification would be borne by our existing common stockholders. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, the Board of Directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting

 

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powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Thus, the Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. You should note, however, that any issuance of preferred stock must comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (1) immediately after issuance and before any distribution is made with respect to our common stock and before any purchase of common stock is made, such preferred stock together with all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of our gross assets after deducting the amount of such distribution or purchase price, as the case may be, and (2) the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if distributions on such preferred stock are in arrears by two full years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred stock. We believe that the availability for issuance of preferred stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring future financings and acquisitions. However, we do not currently have any plans to issue preferred stock.

Limitation on Liability of Directors and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses

Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act.

Our charter authorizes us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while serving as our director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee, from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her service in such capacity and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. Our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while serving as our director or officer and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner, trustee, manager or member and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse his or her reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. The charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of us in any of the capacities described above and any of our employees or agents or any employees or agents of our predecessor. In accordance with the 1940 Act, we will not indemnify any person for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of such person’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the

 

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proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received unless, in either case, a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors. The indemnification agreements provide our directors the maximum indemnification permitted under Maryland law and the 1940 Act.

Our insurance policy does not currently provide coverage for claims, liabilities and expenses that may arise out of activities that our present or former directors or officers have performed for another entity at our request. There is no assurance that such entities will in fact carry such insurance. However, we note that we do not expect to request our present or former directors or officers to serve another entity as a director, officer, partner or trustee unless we can obtain insurance providing coverage for such persons for any claims, liabilities or expenses that may arise out of their activities while serving in such capacities.

Certain Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and Our Charter and Bylaws

The Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a potential acquirer to acquire us by means of a tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. These provisions are expected to discourage certain coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our Board of Directors. We believe that the benefits of these provisions outweigh the potential disadvantages of discouraging any such acquisition proposals because, among other things, the negotiation of such proposals may improve their terms.

Classified Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms. Upon expiration of their current terms, directors of each class will be elected to serve for three-year terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualify and each year one class of directors will be elected by the stockholders. A classified board may render a change in control of us or removal of our incumbent management more difficult. We believe, however, that the longer time required to elect a majority of a classified Board of Directors will help to ensure the continuity and stability of our management and policies.

Election of Directors

Our bylaws provide that the affirmative vote of the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote in the election of directors cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present will be required to elect a director. Pursuant to our charter, our Board of Directors may amend the bylaws to alter the vote required to elect directors.

Number of Directors; Vacancies; Removal

Our charter provides that the number of directors will be set only by the Board of Directors in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that a majority of our entire Board of Directors may at any time increase or

 

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decrease the number of directors. However, unless our bylaws are amended, the number of directors may never be less than one nor more than twelve. Our charter provides that, at such time as we have at least three independent directors and our common stock is registered under the Exchange Act, we elect to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law regarding the filling of vacancies on the Board of Directors. Accordingly, at such time, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies, subject to any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.

Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause, as defined in our charter, and then only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors.

Action by Stockholders

Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or (unless the charter provides for stockholder action by less than unanimous written consent, which our charter does not) by unanimous written consent in lieu of a meeting. These provisions, combined with the requirements of our bylaws regarding the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders discussed below, may have the effect of delaying consideration of a stockholder proposal until the next annual meeting.

Advance Notice Provisions for Stockholder Nominations and Stockholder Proposals

Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (a) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (c) by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving notice by the stockholder and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of our bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at a special meeting may be made only (1) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (2) provided that the special meeting has been called in accordance with our bylaws for the purposes of electing directors, by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.

The purpose of requiring stockholders to give us advance notice of nominations and other business is to afford our Board of Directors a meaningful opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees and the advisability of any other proposed business and, to the extent deemed necessary or desirable by our Board of Directors, to inform stockholders and make recommendations about such qualifications or business, as well as to provide a more orderly procedure for conducting meetings of stockholders. Although our bylaws do not give our Board of Directors any power to disapprove stockholder nominations for the election of directors or proposals recommending certain action, they may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals if proper procedures are not followed and of discouraging or deterring a third-party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholders.

Calling of Special Meetings of Stockholders

Our bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called by our Board of Directors and certain of our officers. Additionally, our bylaws provide that, subject to the satisfaction of certain procedural and

 

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informational requirements by the stockholders requesting the meeting, a special meeting of stockholders will be called by the secretary of the corporation upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.

Approval of Extraordinary Corporate Action; Amendment of Charter and Bylaws

Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter generally provides for approval of charter amendments and extraordinary transactions by the stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter also provides that (1) certain charter amendments, (2) any proposal for our conversion, whether by charter amendment, merger or otherwise, from a closed-end company to an open-end company, (3) any merger, consolidation, share exchange or sale or exchange of all or substantially all of our assets that the Maryland General Corporation Law requires be approved by the stockholders of the Corporation, and (4) any proposal for our liquidation or dissolution requires the approval of the stockholders entitled to cast at least 80% of the votes entitled to be cast on such matter. However, if such amendment or proposal is approved by a majority of our continuing directors (in addition to approval by our Board of Directors), such amendment or proposal may be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on such a matter. The “continuing directors” are defined in our charter as (1) our current directors, (2) those directors whose nomination for election by the stockholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of our current directors then on the Board of Directors or (3) any successor directors whose nomination for election by the stockholders or whose election by the directors to fill vacancies is approved by a majority of continuing directors or the successor continuing directors then in office. In any event, in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, any amendment or proposal that would have the effect of changing the nature of our business so as to cause us to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC would be required to be approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities, as defined under the 1940 Act.

Our charter and bylaws provide that the Board of Directors will have the exclusive power to make, alter, amend or repeal any provision of our bylaws.

No Appraisal Rights

Except with respect to appraisal rights arising in connection with the Control Share Act discussed below, as permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, our charter provides that stockholders will not be entitled to exercise appraisal rights unless a majority of the Board of Directors shall determine such rights apply.

Control Share Acquisitions

The Maryland General Corporation Law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter (the “Control Share Act”). Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:

 

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one-tenth or more but less than one-third;

 

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one-third or more but less than a majority; or

 

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a majority or more of all voting power.

 

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The requisite stockholder approval must be obtained each time an acquirer crosses one of the thresholds of voting power set forth above. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the Board of Directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations, including compliance with the 1940 Act. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

The Control Share Act does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Act any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.

Business Combinations

Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder (the “Business Combination Act”). These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:

 

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any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or

 

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an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

A person is not an interested stockholder under this statute if the Board of Directors approved in advance the transaction by which the stockholder otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.

 

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After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

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80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and

 

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two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the Board of Directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our Board of Directors has adopted a resolution that any business combination between us and any other person is exempted from the provisions of the Business Combination Act, provided that the business combination is first approved by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the directors who are not interested persons as defined in the 1940 Act. This resolution may be altered or repealed in whole or in part at any time. If this resolution is repealed, or the Board of Directors does not otherwise approve a business combination, the statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.

Conflict with 1940 Act

Our bylaws provide that, if and to the extent that any provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law, including the Control Share Act (if we amend our bylaws to be subject to such Act) and the Business Combination Act, or any provision of our charter or bylaws conflicts with any provision of the 1940 Act, the applicable provision of the 1940 Act will control.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK

In addition to shares of common stock, our charter authorizes the issuance of preferred stock. We may issue preferred stock from time to time, although we have no immediate intention to do so. If we offer preferred stock under this prospectus, we will issue an appropriate prospectus supplement. We may issue preferred stock from time to time in one or more classes or series, without stockholder approval. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series, our board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Any such an issuance must adhere to the requirements of the 1940 Act, Maryland law and any other limitations imposed by law.

The following is a general description of the terms of the preferred stock we may issue from time to time. Particular terms of any preferred stock we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such preferred stock.

If we issue preferred stock, it will pay dividends to the holders of the preferred stock at either a fixed rate or a rate that will be reset frequently based on short-term interest rates, as described in a prospectus supplement accompanying each preferred share offering.

The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (1) immediately after issuance and before any distribution is made with respect to common stock, the liquidation preference of the preferred stock, together with all other senior securities, must not exceed an amount equal to 66.7% of our total assets (taking into account such distribution), (2) the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if dividends on the preferred stock are in arrears by two years or more and (3) such shares be cumulative as to dividends and have a complete preference over our common stock to payment of their liquidation preference in the event of a dissolution.

For any series of preferred stock that we may issue, our board of directors will determine and the articles supplementary and prospectus supplement relating to such series will describe:

 

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the designation and number of shares of such series;

 

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the rate, whether fixed or variable, and time at which any dividends will be paid on shares of such series, as well as whether such dividends are participating or non-participating;

 

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any provisions relating to convertibility or exchangeability of the shares of such series;

 

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the rights and preferences, if any, of holders of shares of such series upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;

 

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the voting powers, if any, of the holders of shares of such series;

 

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any provisions relating to the redemption of the shares of such series;

 

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any limitations on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions on, or acquire or redeem, other securities while shares of such series are outstanding;

 

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any conditions or restrictions on our ability to issue additional shares of such series or other securities;

 

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if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations; and

 

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any other relative powers, preferences and participating, optional or special rights of shares of such series, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof.

All shares of preferred stock that we may issue will be identical and of equal rank except as to the particular terms thereof that may be fixed by our board of directors, and all shares of each series of preferred stock will be identical and of equal rank except as to the dates from which dividends, if any, thereon will be cumulative. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to any preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete articles supplementary that contain the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

General

We may issue subscription rights to our stockholders to purchase shares of our securities or a combination of our securities. Subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the subscription rights. In connection with a subscription rights offering to our stockholders, we would distribute certificates evidencing the subscription rights and a prospectus supplement to our stockholders on the record date that we set for receiving subscription rights in such subscription rights offering. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to any subscription rights offering.

The applicable prospectus supplement would describe the following terms of subscription rights in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered:

 

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the period of time the offering would remain open (which shall be open a minimum number of days such that all record holders would be eligible to participate in the offering and shall not be open longer than 120 days);

 

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the title of such subscription rights;

 

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the exercise price for such subscription rights (or method of calculation thereof);

 

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the ratio of the offering (which, in the case of transferable rights, will require a minimum of three shares to be held of record before a person is entitled to purchase an additional share);

 

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the number of such subscription rights issued to each stockholder;

 

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the extent to which such subscription rights are transferable and the market on which they may be traded if they are transferable;

 

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if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the issuance or exercise of such subscription rights;

 

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the date on which the right to exercise such subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which such right shall expire (subject to any extension);

 

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the extent to which such subscription rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities and the terms of such over-subscription privilege;

 

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any termination right we may have in connection with such subscription rights offering; and

 

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any other terms of such subscription rights, including exercise, settlement and other procedures and limitations relating to the transfer and exercise of such subscription rights.

Exercise Of Subscription Rights

Each subscription right would entitle the holder of the subscription right to purchase for cash such amount of shares of common stock at such exercise price as shall in each case be set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the prospectus supplement relating to the subscription rights offered thereby. Subscription rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for such subscription rights set forth in the prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised subscription rights would become void.

Subscription rights may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the subscription rights offered thereby. Upon receipt of payment and the subscription rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the subscription rights agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement we will forward, as soon as practicable, the shares of common stock purchasable upon

 

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such exercise. To the extent permissible under applicable law, we may determine to offer any unsubscribed offered securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Dilutive Effects

Any stockholder who chooses not to participate in a rights offering should expect to own a smaller interest in Logan Ridge upon completion of such rights offering. Any rights offering will dilute the ownership interest and voting power of stockholders who do not fully exercise their subscription rights. Further, because the net proceeds per share from any rights offering may be lower than our then current net asset value per share, the rights offering may reduce our net asset value per share. The amount of dilution that a stockholder will experience could be substantial, particularly to the extent we engage in multiple rights offerings within a limited time period. In addition, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected while a rights offering is ongoing as a result of the possibility that a significant number of additional shares may be issued upon completion of such rights offering. All of our stockholders will also indirectly bear the expenses associated with any rights offering we may conduct, regardless of whether they elect to exercise any rights.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR WARRANTS

The following is a general description of the terms of the warrants we may issue from time to time. Particular terms of any warrants we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such warrants. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to any warrants offering.

We may issue warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our securities or any combination of our securities. Such warrants may be issued independently or together with shares of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be attached or separate from such shares of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with holders or beneficial owners of warrants.

A prospectus supplement will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants we may issue, including the following:

 

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the title of such warrants;

 

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the aggregate number of such warrants;

 

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the price or prices at which such warrants will be issued;

 

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the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which the price of such warrants may be payable;

 

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if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

 

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in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at which and the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;

 

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in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at which and the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;

 

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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right will expire;

 

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whether such warrants will be issued in registered form or bearer form;

 

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if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time;

 

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if applicable, the number of such warrants issued with each share of common stock;

 

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if applicable, the date on and after which such warrants and the related shares of common stock will be separately transferable;

 

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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

 

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if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations; and

 

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any other terms of such warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such warrants.

 

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Logan Ridge and the warrant agent may amend or supplement the warrant agreement for a series of warrants without the consent of the holders of the warrants issued thereunder to effect changes that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the warrants and that do not materially and adversely affect the interests of the holders of the warrants.

Prior to exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including, in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive principal, premium, if any, or interest payments, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture or, in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise any voting rights.

Under the 1940 Act, we may generally only offer warrants provided that (1) the warrants expire by their terms within ten years; (2) the exercise or conversion price is not less than the current market value at the date of issuance; (3) our stockholders authorize the proposal to issue such warrants, and our board of directors approves such issuance on the basis that the issuance is in the best interests of Logan Ridge and its stockholders; and (4) if the warrants are accompanied by other securities, the warrants are not separately transferable unless no class of such warrants and the securities accompanying them has been publicly distributed. The 1940 Act also provides that the amount of our voting securities that would result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants at the time of issuance may not exceed 25.0% of our outstanding voting securities.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue debt securities in one or more series. The specific terms of each series of debt securities will be described in the particular prospectus supplement relating to that series. The prospectus supplement may or may not modify the general terms found in this prospectus and will be filed with the SEC. For a complete description of the terms of a particular series of debt securities, you should read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you relating to that particular offering of debt securities.

As required by federal law for all bonds and notes of companies that are publicly offered, the debt securities are governed by a document called an “indenture.” An indenture is a contract between us and the financial institution acting as trustee on your behalf, and is subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The trustee has two main roles. First, the trustee can enforce your rights against us if we default. There are some limitations on the extent to which the trustee acts on your behalf, described in the second paragraph under “— Events of Default — Remedies if an Event of Default Occurs.” Second, the trustee performs certain administrative duties for us with respect to our debt securities.

This section includes a description of the material provisions of the indenture. Because this section is a summary, however, it does not describe every aspect of the debt securities and the indenture. We urge you to read the indenture because it, and not this description, defines your rights as a holder of debt securities. A copy of the form of indenture is attached as, or incorporated by reference to, an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file a supplemental indenture with the SEC in connection with any debt offering, at which time the supplemental indenture would be publicly available. See “Available Information” for information on how to obtain a copy of the indenture.

The prospectus supplement, which will accompany this prospectus, will describe the particular series of debt securities being offered by including:

 

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the designation or title of the series of debt securities;

 

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the total principal amount of the series of debt securities;

 

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the percentage of the principal amount at which the series of debt securities will be offered;

 

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the date or dates on which principal will be payable;

 

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the rate or rates (which may be either fixed or variable) and/or the method of determining such rate or rates of interest, if any;

 

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the date or dates from which any interest will accrue, or the method of determining such date or dates, and the date or dates on which any interest will be payable;

 

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whether any interest may be paid by issuing additional securities of the same series in lieu of cash (and the terms upon which any such interest may be paid by issuing additional securities);

 

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the terms for redemption, extension or early repayment, if any;

 

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the currencies in which the series of debt securities are issued and payable;

 

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whether the amount of payments of principal, premium or interest, if any, on a series of debt securities will be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which could be based on one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices) and how these amounts will be determined;

 

•

the place or places, if any, other than or in addition to the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York, of payment, transfer, conversion and/or exchange of the debt securities;

 

•

the denominations in which the offered debt securities will be issued (if other than $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof);

 

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•

the provision for any sinking fund;

 

•

any restrictive covenants;

 

•

any Events of Default (as defined in “Events of Default” below);

 

•

whether the series of debt securities are issuable in certificated form;

 

•

any provisions for defeasance or covenant defeasance;

 

•

any special U.S. federal income tax implications, including, if applicable, U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to original issue discount;

 

•

whether and under what circumstances we will pay additional amounts in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether we will have the option to redeem the debt securities rather than pay the additional amounts (and the terms of this option);

 

•

any provisions for convertibility or exchangeability of the debt securities into or for any other securities;

 

•

whether the debt securities are subject to subordination and the terms of such subordination;

 

•

whether the debt securities are secured and the terms of any security interest;

 

•

the listing, if any, on a securities exchange; and

 

•

any other terms.

The debt securities may be secured or unsecured obligations. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, will be paid by us in immediately available funds.

We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least equal to 200% immediately after each such issuance after giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC (or 150%, if certain conditions are met, after November 1, 2019). For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Structure — Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to raise additional capital and the way in which we do so. As a BDC, the necessity of raising additional capital may expose us to risks, including the typical risks associated with leverage.”

General

The indenture provides that any debt securities proposed to be sold under this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement (“offered debt securities”) and any debt securities issuable upon the exercise of warrants or upon conversion or exchange of other offered securities (“underlying debt securities”) may be issued under the indenture in one or more series.

For purposes of this prospectus, any reference to the payment of principal of, or premium or interest, if any, on, debt securities will include additional amounts if required by the terms of the debt securities.

The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that may be issued thereunder from time to time. Debt securities issued under the indenture, when a single trustee is acting for all debt securities issued under the indenture, are called the “indenture securities.” The indenture also provides that there may be more than one trustee thereunder, each with respect to one or more different series of indenture securities. See “— Resignation of Trustee” below. At a time when two or more trustees are acting under the indenture, each with respect to only certain series, the term “indenture securities” means the one or more series of debt securities with respect to which each respective trustee is acting. In the event that there is more than one trustee under the indenture, the

 

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powers and trust obligations of each trustee described in this prospectus will extend only to the one or more series of indenture securities for which it is trustee. If two or more trustees are acting under the indenture, then the indenture securities for which each trustee is acting would be treated as if issued under separate indentures.

Except as described under “— Events of Default” and “— Merger or Consolidation” below, the indenture does not contain any provisions that give you protection in the event we issue a large amount of debt or we are acquired by another entity.

We refer you to the prospectus supplement for information with respect to any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or our covenants, as applicable, that are described below, including any addition of a covenant or other provision providing event risk protection or similar protection.

We have the ability to issue indenture securities with terms different from those of indenture securities previously issued and, without the consent of the holders thereof, to reopen a previous issue of a series of indenture securities and issue additional indenture securities of that series unless the reopening was restricted when that series was created.

Conversion and Exchange

If any debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities, the prospectus supplement will explain the terms and conditions of the conversion or exchange, including the conversion price or exchange ratio (or the calculation method), the conversion or exchange period (or how the period will be determined), if conversion or exchange will be mandatory or at the option of the holder or us, provisions for adjusting the conversion price or the exchange ratio, and provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of the redemption of the underlying debt securities. These terms may also include provisions under which the number or amount of other securities to be received by the holders of the debt securities upon conversion or exchange would be calculated according to the market price of the other securities as of a time stated in the prospectus supplement.

Issuance of Securities in Registered Form

We may issue the debt securities in registered form, in which case we may issue them either in book-entry form only or in “certificated” form. Debt securities issued in book-entry form will be represented by global securities. We expect that we will usually issue debt securities in book-entry only form represented by global securities.

Book-Entry Holders

We will issue registered debt securities in book-entry form only, unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means debt securities will be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a depositary that will hold them on behalf of financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the debt securities held by the depositary or its nominee. These institutions may hold these interests on behalf of themselves or customers.

Under the indenture, only the person in whose name a debt security is registered is recognized as the holder of that debt security. Consequently, for debt securities issued in book-entry form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the debt securities and we will make all payments on the debt securities to the depositary. The depositary will then pass along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn will pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the debt securities.

 

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As a result, investors will not own debt securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the debt securities are represented by one or more global securities, investors will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the debt securities.

Street Name Holders

In the future, we may issue debt securities in certificated form or terminate a global security. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their debt securities in their own names or in “street name.” Debt securities held in street name are registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution chosen by the investor, and the investor would hold a beneficial interest in those debt securities through the account he or she maintains at that institution.

For debt securities held in street name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the debt securities are registered as the holders of those debt securities, and we will make all payments on those debt securities to them. These institutions will pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold debt securities in street name will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the debt securities.

Legal Holders

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of the applicable trustee and those of any third parties employed by us or the applicable trustee, run only to the legal holders of the debt securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a debt security or has no choice because we are issuing the debt securities only in book-entry form.

For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, if we want to obtain the approval of the holders for any purpose (for example, to amend an indenture or to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture), we would seek the approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the debt securities. Whether and how the holders contact the indirect holders is up to the holders.

When we refer to you in this Description of Our Debt Securities, we mean those who invest in the debt securities being offered by this prospectus, whether they are the holders or only indirect holders of those debt securities. When we refer to your debt securities, we mean the debt securities in which you hold a direct or indirect interest.

Special Considerations for Indirect Holders

If you hold debt securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form or in street name, we urge you to check with that institution to find out:

 

•

how it handles securities payments and notices;

 

•

whether it imposes fees or charges;

 

•

how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;

 

•

whether and how you can instruct it to send you debt securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future for a particular series of debt securities;

 

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•

how it would exercise rights under the debt securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and

 

•

if the debt securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

Global Securities

As noted above, we usually will issue debt securities as registered securities in book-entry form only. A global security represents one or any other number of individual debt securities. Generally, all debt securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

Each debt security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all debt securities issued in book-entry form.

A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary or its nominee, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “— Termination of a Global Security.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all debt securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that has an account with the depositary. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a holder of the debt security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.

Special Considerations for Global Securities

As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. The depositary that holds the global security will be considered the holder of the debt securities represented by the global security.

If debt securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:

 

•

an investor cannot cause the debt securities to be registered in his or her name and cannot obtain certificates for his or her interest in the debt securities, except in the special situations we describe below;

 

•

an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the debt securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the debt securities, as we describe under “— Issuance of Securities in Registered Form” above;

 

•

an investor may not be able to sell interests in the debt securities to some insurance companies and other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;

 

•

an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the debt securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;

 

•

the depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security. We and the trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security. We and the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way;

 

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•

if we redeem less than all the debt securities of a particular series being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount to be redeemed from each of its participants holding that series;

 

•

an investor is required to give notice of exercise of any option to elect repayment of its debt securities, through its participant, to the applicable trustee and to deliver the related debt securities by causing its participant to transfer its interest in those debt securities, on DTC’s records, to the applicable trustee;

 

•

DTC requires that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security deposited in its book- entry system use immediately available funds; your broker or bank may also require you to use immediately available funds when purchasing or selling interests in a global security; and

 

•

financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the debt securities; there may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor; we do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.

Termination of a Global Security

If a global security is terminated for any reason, interests in it will be exchanged for certificates in non-book-entry form (certificated securities). After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold the certificated debt securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in a global security transferred on termination to their own names, so that they will be holders. We have described the rights of legal holders and street name investors under “— Issuance of Securities in Registered Form” above.

The prospectus supplement may list situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of debt securities covered by the prospectus supplement. If a global security is terminated, only the depositary, and not we or the applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the investors in whose names the debt securities represented by the global security will be registered and, therefore, who will be the holders of those debt securities.

Payment and Paying Agents

We will pay interest to the person listed in the applicable trustee’s records as the owner of the debt security at the close of business on a particular day in advance of each due date for interest, even if that person no longer owns the debt security on the interest due date. That day, usually about two weeks in advance of the interest due date, is called the “record date.” Because we will pay all the interest for an interest period to the holders on the record date, holders buying and selling debt securities must work out between themselves the appropriate purchase price. The most common manner is to adjust the sales price of the debt securities to prorate interest fairly between buyer and seller based on their respective ownership periods within the particular interest period. This prorated interest amount is called “accrued interest.”

Payments on Global Securities

We will make payments on a global security in accordance with the applicable policies of the depositary as in effect from time to time. Under those policies, we will make payments directly to the depositary, or its nominee, and not to any indirect holders who own beneficial interests in the global security. An indirect holder’s right to those payments will be governed by the rules and practices of the depositary and its participants, as described under “— Special Considerations for Global Securities.”

Payments on Certificated Securities

We will make payments on a certificated debt security as follows. We will pay interest that is due on an interest payment date to the holder of debt securities as shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business

 

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on the regular record date at our office and/or at other offices that may be specified in the prospectus supplement. We will make all payments of principal and premium, if any, by check at the office of the applicable trustee and/or at other offices that may be specified in the prospectus supplement or in a notice to holders against surrender of the debt security.

Alternatively, at our option, we may pay any cash interest that becomes due on the debt security by mailing a check to the holder at his, her or its address shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business on the regular record date or by transfer to an account at a bank in the United States, in either case, on the due date.

Payment When Offices Are Closed

If any payment is due on a debt security on a day that is not a business day, we will make the payment on the next day that is a business day. Payments made on the next business day in this situation will be treated under the indenture as if they were made on the original due date, except as otherwise indicated in the attached prospectus supplement. Such payment will not result in a default under any debt security or the indenture, and no interest will accrue on the payment amount from the original due date to the next day that is a business day.

Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how they will receive payments on their debt securities.

Events of Default

You will have rights if an Event of Default occurs in respect of the debt securities of your series and is not cured, as described later in this subsection.

The term “Event of Default” in respect of the debt securities of your series means any of the following:

 

•

we do not pay the principal of, or any premium on, a debt security of the series within five days of its due date;

 

•

we do not pay interest on a debt security of the series when due, and such default is not cured within 30 days;

 

•

we remain in breach of a covenant in respect of debt securities of the series for 60 days after we receive a written notice of default stating we are in breach (the notice must be sent by either the trustee or holders of at least 25% of the principal amount of the debt securities of the series);

 

•

we file for bankruptcy or certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur and remain undischarged or unstayed for a period of 90 days;

 

•

the series of debt securities has an asset coverage, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, of less than 100% on the last business day of each of twenty-four consecutive calendar months, after giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to the Company by the SEC; or

 

•

any other Event of Default in respect of debt securities of the series described in the prospectus supplement occurs.

An Event of Default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the same or any other indenture. The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of the debt securities of any default, except in the payment of principal, premium, interest, or sinking or purchase fund installment, if it in good faith considers the withholding of notice to be in the interest of the holders.

 

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Remedies if an Event of Default Occurs

If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series may (and the trustee shall at the request of such holders) declare the entire principal amount of all the debt securities of that series to be due and immediately payable. This is called a declaration of acceleration of maturity. In certain circumstances, a declaration of acceleration of maturity may be canceled by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series if (1) we have deposited with the trustee all amounts due and owing with respect to the securities (other than principal that has become due solely by reason of such acceleration) and certain other amounts, and (2) any other Events of Default have been cured or waived.

The trustee is not required to take any action under the indenture at the request of any holders unless the holders offer the trustee protection from expenses and liability reasonably satisfactory to it (called an “indemnity”). If indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the trustee is provided, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the relevant series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any lawsuit or other formal legal action seeking any remedy available to the trustee. The trustee may refuse to follow those directions in certain circumstances. No delay or omission in exercising any right or remedy will be treated as a waiver of that right, remedy or Event of Default.

Before you are allowed to bypass your trustee and bring your own lawsuit or other formal legal action or take other steps to enforce your rights or protect your interests relating to the debt securities, the following must occur:

 

•

you must give the trustee written notice that an Event of Default with respect to the relevant debt securities has occurred and remains uncured;

 

•

the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all outstanding debt securities of the relevant series must make a written request that the trustee take action because of the default and must offer the trustee indemnity, security or both reasonably satisfactory to it against the cost, expenses, and other liabilities of taking that action;

 

•

the trustee must not have taken action for 60 days after receipt of the above notice and offer of indemnity and/or security; and

 

•

the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series must not have given the trustee a direction inconsistent with the above notice during that 60-day period.

However, you are entitled at any time to bring a lawsuit for the payment of money due on your debt securities on or after the due date.

Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how to give notice or direction to or make a request of the trustee and how to declare or cancel an acceleration of maturity.

Each year, we will furnish to each trustee a written statement of certain of our officers certifying that to their knowledge we are in compliance with the indenture and the debt securities, or else specifying any default.

Waiver of Default

Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series may waive any past defaults other than a default:

 

•

in the payment of principal or interest; or

 

•

in respect of a covenant that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of each holder.

 

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Merger or Consolidation

Under the terms of the indenture, we are generally permitted to consolidate or merge with another entity. We are also permitted to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. However, we may not take any of these actions unless all the following conditions are met:

 

•

where we merge out of existence or convey or transfer our assets substantially as an entirety, the resulting entity must agree to be legally responsible for our obligations under the debt securities;

 

•

the merger or sale of assets must not cause a default on the debt securities and we must not already be in default (unless the merger or sale would cure the default). For purposes of this no-default test, a default would include an Event of Default that has occurred and has not been cured, as described under “Events of Default” above. A default for this purpose would also include any event that would be an Event of Default if the requirements for giving us a notice of default or our default having to exist for a specific period of time were disregarded;

 

•

we must deliver certain certificates and documents to the trustee; or

 

•

we must satisfy any other requirements specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities.

Modification or Waiver

There are three types of changes we can make to the indenture and the debt securities issued thereunder.

Changes Requiring Your Approval

First, there are changes that we cannot make to your debt securities without your specific approval. The following is a list of those types of changes:

 

•

change the stated maturity of the principal of or interest on a debt security or the terms of any sinking fund with respect to any security;

 

•

reduce any amounts due on a debt security;

 

•

reduce the amount of principal payable upon acceleration of the maturity of an original issue discount or indexed security following a default or upon the redemption thereof or the amount thereof provable in a bankruptcy proceeding;

 

•

adversely affect any right of repayment at the holder’s option;

 

•

change the place or currency of payment on a debt security (except as otherwise described in the prospectus or prospectus supplement);

 

•

impair your right to sue for payment;

 

•

adversely affect any right to convert or exchange a debt security in accordance with its terms;

 

•

modify the subordination provisions in the indenture in a manner that is adverse to outstanding holders of the debt securities;

 

•

reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to modify or amend the indenture;

 

•

reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to waive compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or to waive certain defaults;

 

•

modify any other aspect of the provisions of the indenture dealing with supplemental indentures with the consent of holders, waiver of past defaults, changes to the quorum or voting requirements or the waiver of certain covenants; and

 

•

change any obligation we have to pay additional amounts.

 

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Changes Not Requiring Approval

The second type of change does not require any vote by the holders of the debt securities. This type is limited to clarifications, establishment of the form or terms of new securities of any series as permitted by the indenture and certain other changes that would not adversely affect holders of the outstanding debt securities in any material respect. We also do not need any approval to make any change that affects only debt securities to be issued under the indenture after the change takes effect.

Changes Requiring Majority Approval

Any other change to the indenture and the debt securities would require the following approval:

 

•

if the change affects only one series of debt securities, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of that series; and

 

•

if the change affects more than one series of debt securities issued under the same indenture, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all of the series affected by the change, with all affected series voting together as one class for this purpose.

In each case, the required approval must be given by written consent.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of a series of debt securities issued under the indenture, voting together as one class for this purpose, may waive our compliance with some of our covenants applicable to that series of debt securities. However, we cannot obtain a waiver of a payment default or of any of the matters covered by the bullet points included above under “— Changes Requiring Your Approval.”

Further Details Concerning Voting

When taking a vote, we will use the following rules to decide how much principal to attribute to a debt security:

 

•

for original issue discount securities, we will use the principal amount that would be due and payable on the voting date if the maturity of these debt securities were accelerated to that date because of a default;

 

•

for debt securities whose principal amount is not known (for example, because it is based on an index), we will use the principal face amount at original issuance or a special rule for that debt security described in the prospectus supplement; and

 

•

for debt securities denominated in one or more foreign currencies, we will use the U.S. dollar equivalent.

Debt securities will not be considered outstanding, and therefore not eligible to vote, if we have deposited or set aside in trust money for their payment or redemption or if we, any other obligor, or any affiliate of us or any obligor own such debt securities. Debt securities will also not be eligible to vote if they have been fully defeased as described later under “— Defeasance — Full Defeasance.”

We will generally be entitled to set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of outstanding indenture securities that are entitled to vote or take other action under the indenture. However, the record date may not be more than 30 days before the date of the first solicitation of holders to vote on or take such action. If we set a record date for a vote or other action to be taken by holders of one or more series, that vote or action may be taken only by persons who are holders of outstanding indenture securities of those series on the record date and must be taken within eleven months following the record date.

 

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Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how approval may be granted or denied if we seek to change the indenture or the debt securities or request a waiver.

Defeasance

The following provisions will be applicable to each series of debt securities unless we state in the applicable prospectus supplement that the provisions of covenant defeasance and full defeasance will not be applicable to that series.

Covenant Defeasance

Under current U.S. federal tax law and the indenture, we can make the deposit described below and be released from some of the restrictive covenants in the indenture under which the particular series was issued. This is called “covenant defeasance.” In that event, you would lose the protection of those restrictive covenants but would gain the protection of having money and government securities set aside in trust to repay your debt securities. If we achieved covenant defeasance and your debt securities were subordinated as described under “— Indenture Provisions — Subordination” below, such subordination would not prevent the trustee under the indenture from applying the funds available to it from the deposit described in the first bullet below to the payment of amounts due in respect of such debt securities for the benefit of the subordinated debt holders. In order to achieve covenant defeasance, we must do the following:

 

•

we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of a series of debt securities a combination of cash (in such currency in which such securities are then specified as payable at stated maturity) or government obligations applicable to such securities (determined on the basis of the currency in which such securities are then specified as payable at stated maturity) that will generate enough cash to make interest, principal and any other payments on the debt securities on their various due dates and any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments;

 

•

we must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion of our counsel confirming that, under current U.S. federal income tax law, we may make the above deposit without causing you to be taxed on the debt securities any differently than if we did not make the deposit;

 

•

we must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion of our counsel stating that the above deposit does not require registration by us under the 1940 Act, as amended, and a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedent to covenant defeasance have been complied with;

 

•

defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or result in a default under, of the indenture or any of our other material agreements or instruments;

 

•

no default or event of default with respect to such debt securities shall have occurred and be continuing and no defaults or events of default related to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization shall occur during the next 90 days; and

 

•

satisfy the conditions for covenant defeasance contained in any supplemental indentures.

If we accomplish covenant defeasance, you can still look to us for repayment of the debt securities if there were a shortfall in the trust deposit or the trustee is prevented from making payment. For example, if one of the remaining Events of Default occurred (such as our bankruptcy) and the debt securities became immediately due and payable, there might be such a shortfall. However, there is no assurance that we would have sufficient funds to make payment of the shortfall.

Full Defeasance

If there is a change in U.S. federal tax law or we obtain an IRS ruling, as described in the second bullet below, we can legally release ourselves from all payment and other obligations on the debt securities of a

 

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particular series (called “full defeasance”) if we put in place the following other arrangements for you to be repaid:

 

•

we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of a series of debt securities a combination of cash (in such currency in which such securities are then specified as payable at stated maturity) or government obligations applicable to such securities (determined on the basis of the currency in which such securities are then specified as payable at stated maturity) that will generate enough cash to make interest, principal and any other payments on the debt securities on their various due dates and any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments;

 

•

we must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion confirming that there has been a change in current U.S. federal tax law or an IRS ruling that allows us to make the above deposit without causing you to be taxed on the debt securities any differently than if we did not make the deposit. Under current U.S. federal tax law, the deposit and our legal release from the debt securities would be treated as though we paid you your share of the cash and notes or bonds at the time the cash and notes or bonds were deposited in trust in exchange for your debt securities and you would recognize gain or loss on the debt securities at the time of the deposit;

 

•

we must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion of our counsel stating that the above deposit does not require registration by us under the 1940 Act, as amended, and a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedent to defeasance have been complied with;

 

•

defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, of the indenture or any of our other material agreements or instruments;

 

•

no default or event of default with respect to such debt securities shall have occurred and be continuing and no defaults or events of default related to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization shall occur during the next 90 days; and

 

•

satisfy the conditions for full defeasance contained in any supplemental indentures.

If we ever did accomplish full defeasance, as described above, you would have to rely solely on the trust deposit for repayment of the debt securities. You could not look to us for repayment in the unlikely event of any shortfall. Conversely, the trust deposit would most likely be protected from claims of our lenders and other creditors if we ever became bankrupt or insolvent. If your debt securities were subordinated as described later under “— Indenture Provisions — Subordination”, such subordination would not prevent the trustee under the indenture from applying the funds available to it from the deposit referred to in the first bullet of the preceding paragraph to the payment of amounts due in respect of such debt securities for the benefit of the subordinated debt holders.

Form, Exchange and Transfer of Certificated Registered Securities

If registered debt securities cease to be issued in book-entry form, they will be issued:

 

•

only in fully registered certificated form;

 

•

without interest coupons; and

 

•

unless we indicate otherwise in the prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and amounts that are multiples of $1,000.

Holders may exchange their certificated securities for debt securities of smaller denominations or combined into fewer debt securities of larger denominations, as long as the total principal amount is not changed and as long as the denomination is greater than the minimum denomination for such securities.

Holders may exchange or transfer their certificated securities at the office of the trustee. We have appointed the trustee to act as our agent for registering debt securities in the names of holders transferring debt securities. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or perform them ourselves.

 

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Holders will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange their certificated securities, but they may be required to pay any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. The transfer or exchange will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with the holder’s proof of legal ownership.

If we have designated additional transfer agents for your debt security, they will be named in the prospectus supplement. We may appoint additional transfer agents or cancel the appointment of any particular transfer agent. We may also approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts.

If any certificated securities of a particular series are redeemable and we redeem less than all the debt securities of that series, we may block the transfer or exchange of those debt securities during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of redemption and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers or exchanges of any certificated securities selected for redemption, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unredeemed portion of any debt security that will be partially redeemed.

If a registered debt security is issued in book-entry form, only the depositary will be entitled to transfer and exchange the debt security as described in this subsection, since it will be the sole holder of the debt security.

Resignation of Trustee

Each trustee may resign or be removed with respect to one or more series of indenture securities provided that a successor trustee is appointed to act with respect to these series and has accepted such appointment. In the event that two or more persons are acting as trustee with respect to different series of indenture securities under the indenture, each of the trustees will be a trustee of a trust separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee.

Indenture Provisions — Subordination

Upon any distribution of our assets upon our dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any indenture securities denominated as subordinated debt securities is to be subordinated to the extent provided in the indenture in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness (as defined below), but our obligation to you to make payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on such subordinated debt securities will not otherwise be affected. In addition, no payment on account of principal (or premium, if any), sinking fund or interest, if any, may be made on such subordinated debt securities at any time unless full payment of all amounts due in respect of the principal (and premium, if any), sinking fund and interest on Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for in money or money’s worth.

In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment by us is received by the trustee in respect of subordinated debt securities or by the holders of any of such subordinated debt securities, upon our dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, the payment or distribution received by the trustee in respect of such subordinated debt securities or by the holders of any of such subordinated debt securities must be paid over to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness or on their behalf for application to the payment of all the Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid until all the Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness. Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness upon this distribution by us, the holders of such subordinated debt securities will be subrogated to the rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness to the extent of payments made to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness out of the distributive share of such subordinated debt securities.

 

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By reason of this subordination, in the event of a distribution of our assets upon our insolvency, certain of our senior creditors may recover more, ratably, than holders of any subordinated debt securities or the holders of any indenture securities that are not Senior Indebtedness. The indenture provides that these subordination provisions will not apply to money and securities held in trust under the defeasance provisions of the indenture.

Senior Indebtedness is defined in the indenture as the principal of (and premium, if any) and unpaid interest on:

 

•

our indebtedness (including indebtedness of others guaranteed by us), whenever created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed, for money borrowed, that we have designated as “Senior Indebtedness” for purposes of the indenture and in accordance with the terms of the indenture (including any indenture securities designated as Senior Indebtedness), and

 

•

renewals, extensions, modifications and refinancings of any of this indebtedness.

If this prospectus is being delivered in connection with the offering of a series of indenture securities denominated as subordinated debt securities, the accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the approximate amount of our Senior Indebtedness and of our other Indebtedness outstanding as of a recent date.

Secured Indebtedness and Ranking

Certain of our indebtedness, including certain series of indenture securities, may be secured. The prospectus supplement for each series of indenture securities will describe the terms of any security interest for such series and will indicate the approximate amount of our secured indebtedness as of a recent date. Any unsecured indenture securities will effectively rank junior to any secured indebtedness, including any secured indenture securities, that we incur to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured credit facilities or secured indebtedness. The debt securities, whether secured or unsecured, of the Company will rank structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by our subsidiaries, financing vehicles, or similar facilities.

In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up, any of our assets that secure secured debt will be available to pay obligations on unsecured debt securities only after all indebtedness under such secured debt has been repaid in full from such assets. We advise you that there may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all unsecured debt securities then outstanding after fulfillment of this obligation. As a result, the holders of unsecured indenture securities may recover less, ratably, than holders of any of our secured indebtedness.

The Trustee under the Indenture

U.S. Bank National Association serves as the trustee under the indenture.

Certain Considerations Relating to Foreign Currencies

Debt securities denominated or payable in foreign currencies may entail significant risks. These risks include the possibility of significant fluctuations in the foreign currency markets, the imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls and potential illiquidity in the secondary market. These risks will vary depending upon the currency or currencies involved and will be more fully described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Book-Entry Procedures

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued in book-entry form, and the Depository Trust Company, or DTC, will act as securities depository for the debt

 

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securities. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued as fully registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC’s partnership nominee) or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. One fully-registered certificate will be issued for the debt securities, in the aggregate principal amount of such issue, and will be deposited with DTC.

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds and provides asset servicing for over 3.5 million issues of U.S. and non-U.S. equity, corporate and municipal debt issues, and money market instruments from over 100 countries that DTC’s participants, or Direct Participants, deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the post-trade settlement among Direct Participants of sales and other securities transactions in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry transfers and pledges between Direct Participants’ accounts. This eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, or DTCC.

DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly, or Indirect Participants. DTC has a Standard & Poor’s rating of AA+. The DTC Rules applicable to its participants are on file with the SEC. More information about DTC can be found at www.dtcc.com and www.dtc.org.

Purchases of debt securities under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the debt securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each security, or the “Beneficial Owner,” is in turn to be recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants’ records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase. Beneficial Owners are, however, expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participant through which the Beneficial Owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the debt securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Direct and Indirect Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in debt securities, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for the debt securities is discontinued.

To facilitate subsequent transfers, all debt securities deposited by Direct Participants with DTC are registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co. or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of debt securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other DTC nominee do not effect any change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the debt securities; DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts such debt securities are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Direct and Indirect Participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.

 

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Redemption notices shall be sent to DTC. If less than all of the debt securities within an issue are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant in such issue to be redeemed.

Redemption proceeds, distributions, and interest payments on the debt securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit Direct Participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us or the trustee on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC’s records. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC nor its nominee, the trustee, or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions, and interest payments to Cede & Co. (or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC) is the responsibility of us or the trustee, but disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants will be the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners will be the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants.

DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository with respect to the debt securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us or to the trustee. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities depository is not obtained, certificates are required to be printed and delivered. We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry-only transfers through DTC (or a successor securities depository). In that event, certificates will be printed and delivered to DTC.

The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy thereof.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings or series, our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, subscription rights to purchase shares of our securities or a combination of our securities, and warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our securities or a combination of the foregoing, which we refer to, collectively, as the “securities.” We may sell the securities through underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers, including existing stockholders in a rights offering, through agents or through a combination of any such methods of sale. In the case of a rights offering, the applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the number of shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of each right and the other terms of such rights offering. Any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. A prospectus supplement or supplements will also describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including: the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; any options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation; the public offering price; any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the shares offered by the prospectus supplement.

The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices, provided, however, that the offering price per share of our common stock, less any underwriting commissions or discounts, must equal or exceed the net asset value per share of our common stock at the time of the offering except (i) in connection with a rights offering to our existing stockholders, (ii) with the prior approval of the majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of our common stockholders (1) the outstanding shares of our common stock and (2) the outstanding shares of the our common stock held by persons that are not affiliated persons of the Company, or (iii) under such other circumstances as the SEC may permit. Any offering of securities by us that requires the consent of the majority of our common stockholders, must occur, if at all, within one year after receiving such consent. The price at which the securities may be distributed may represent a discount from prevailing market prices.

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the securities, for whom they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions they receive from us and any profit realized by them on the resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any such underwriter or agent will be identified and any such compensation received from us will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The maximum aggregate commission or discount to be received by any member of FINRA or independent broker-dealer, including any reimbursements to underwriters or agents for certain fees and legal expenses incurred by them, will not be greater than 8.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of shares offered pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.

Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price.

Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the option to purchase additional shares from us or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to

 

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cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.

Any underwriters that are qualified market makers on the NASDAQ Global Select Market may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of our common stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the shares at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no trading market, other than our common stock, which is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, our 2022 Notes, which are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, and our 2022 Convertible Notes, which are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchanges, but we are not obligated to do so. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.

Under agreements that we may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of our securities may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase our securities from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which such contracts may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must be approved by us. The obligations of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase of our securities shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which such purchaser is subject. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts. Such contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.

We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third parties in such sale transactions will be underwriters and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, our securities offered hereby will be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.

 

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CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR

Our securities are held under a custody agreement by U.S. Bank National Association. The address of the custodian is 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202. American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC will act as our transfer agent, distribution paying agent and registrar. The principal business address of our transfer agent is 6201 15^th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219.

BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES

We will generally acquire and dispose of our investments in privately negotiated transactions, so we will infrequently use brokers in the normal course of our business. Subject to policies established by our Board of Directors, our investment adviser will be primarily responsible for the execution of the publicly traded securities portion of our portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage commissions. Our investment adviser does not expect to execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but will seek to obtain the best net results for Logan Ridge, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, and operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While our investment adviser generally will seek reasonably competitive trade execution costs, Logan Ridge will not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements, our investment adviser may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to the investment adviser and Logan Ridge and any other clients. In return for such services, we may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the investment adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Simpson Thacher & Barlett LLP, Washington, DC and by Venable LLP, as Maryland Counsel. Certain legal matters in connection with the offering will be passed upon for the underwriters, if any, by the counsel named in the applicable prospectus supplement. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP may rely as to certain matters of Maryland law on the opinion of Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The consolidated financial statements of Logan Ridge Finance Corporation at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, appearing in this prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We have filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form N-2, including amendments, relating to the securities we are offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, including any exhibits and schedules it may contain. For further information concerning us or the securities we are offering, please refer to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to describe the material terms thereof but are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of any contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each statement is qualified in all respects by this reference.

 

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We file with or submit to the SEC annual, quarterly and current periodic reports, proxy statements and other information meeting the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. You may inspect and copy these reports, proxy statements and other information, as well as the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and the related exhibits and schedules, at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Copies of these reports, proxy and information statements and other information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information filed electronically by us with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

We maintain a website at www.apolloic.com and we make all of our annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other publicly filed information available, free of charge, on or through this website. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and should not be considered to be part of this prospectus.

No person is authorized to give any information or represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any applicable pricing supplement, and any related free writing supplement. We are only offering the securities in places where sales of those securities are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, any applicable pricing supplement, and any related free writing supplement, as well as information incorporated by reference, is current only as of the date of that information. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

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PART C — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 25. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

1. Financial Statements

The following financial statements have been incorporated by reference in Part A of this Registration Statement.

 

Annual Audited Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

Schedules of Investments as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

Notes to Financial Statements

Unaudited Financial Statements

Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Schedules of Investments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the period ended September 30, 2021

 

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2. Exhibits

 

Exhibit Number		Description
a.1		Articles of Amendment and Restatement(1)
b.1		Bylaws(12)
d.1		Form of Common Stock Certificate(12)
d.2		Form of Base Indenture(2)
d.3		Form of Second Supplemental Indenture relating to the 6.00% notes due 2022, by and between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including the form of Global Note(6)
d.4		Form of the Third Supplemental Indenture relating to the 5.75% convertible notes due 2022, by and between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, including the form of Global Note(7)
d.5		Form of Fourth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 5.25% notes due 2026, by and between the Registrant and U.S. National Bank Association, as trustee, including the form of Global Note(14)
d.6		Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1(13)
e.		Form of Dividend Reinvestment Plan(12)
g.		Form of Investment Advisory Agreement by and between Registrant and Mount Logan Management LLC(1)
h.		Form of Underwriting Agreement**
j.		Form of Custodian Agreement(12)
k.1		Form of Administration Agreement by and between Registrant and BC Partners Management LLC(1)
k.2		Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between Registrant and each of its directors*
k.3		Form of Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement, dated October  17, 2014, among Registrant, as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as Administrative Agent, Arranger and Bookrunner(3)
k.4		Form of Guarantee, Pledge and Security Agreement, dated October  17, 2014, among Registrant, as Borrower, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, ING Capital LLC, as Revolving Administrative Agent for the Revolving Lenders and as Collateral Agent, and each Financing Agent and Designated Indebtedness Holder party thereto (3)
k.5		Form of Incremental Assumption Agreement, dated January  6, 2015, relating to the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of October  17, 2014, among Capitala Finance Corp., as borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent, arranger and bookrunner(4)
k.6		Form of Incremental Assumption Agreement, dated August  19, 2015, relating to the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of October  17, 2014, among Capitala Finance Corp., as borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent, arranger and bookrunner(5)
k.7		Form of Amendment No. 2 to Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement dated June  16, 2017, among Capitala Finance Corp., as Borrower, the lenders party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent, arranger, and bookrunner(8)
k.8		Form of Amendment No. 1 to Guarantee, Pledge and Security Agreement dated June  16, 2017, among Capitala Finance Corp., as Borrower, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, ING Capital LLC, as Revolving Administrative Agent for the Revolving Lenders and as Collateral Agent, and each Financing Agent and Designated Indebtedness Holder party thereto(8)

 

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Exhibit Number		Description
k.9		Form of Amendment No. 3, dated as of July 19, 2018, to the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of October  17, 2014, among Capitala Finance Corp., as borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent, arranger and bookrunner, and First National Bank of Pennsylvania, as documentation agent.(9)
k.10		Form of Amendment No. 4, dated as of February  22, 2019, to the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of October  17, 2014, among Capitala Finance Corp., as borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent, arranger and bookrunner, and First National Bank of Pennsylvania, as documentation agent.(10)
k.11		Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Capitala Senior Loan Fund II, LLC(11)
k.12		Form of Registration Rights Agreement dated October 29, 2021 between the Registrant and the several purchasers of the 5.25% Notes due 2026(14)
l.1		Opinion and Consent of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP*
l.2		Opinion and Consent of Venable LLP*
n.1		Consent of Ernst & Young LLP*
r.		Code of Ethics of Registrant and Mount Logan Management LLC*
99.1		Code of Business Conduct of Registrant*

 

*	Filed herewith.

**	To be filed by amendment.

(1)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on July 1, 2021.

(2)	Previously filed in connection with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-193374) filed on May 21, 2014.

(3)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2014.

(4)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2015.

(5)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on August 25, 2015.

(6)	Previously filed in connection with Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 the Registrant’s registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-204582) filed on May 16, 2017.

(7)	Previously filed in connection with Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registrant’s registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-204582) filed on May 26, 2017.

(8)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2017.

(9)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018.

(10)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on February 28, 2019.

(11)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 10-K filed on March 4, 2019.

(12)	Previously filed in connection with the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-188956) filed on September 9, 2013.

(13)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s registration statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-230336) filed on March 15, 2019.

(14)	Previously filed in connection with the Registrant’s report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2021.

ITEM 26. MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS

The information contained under the heading “Plan of Distribution” in the prospectus that is part of this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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ITEM 27. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

 

SEC registration fee		$	54,550
FINRA filing fee		$	500
NASDAQ Global Select Market		$	65,000
Printing and postage		$	40,000
Legal fees and expenses		$	200,000
Accounting fees and expenses		$	150,000
Miscellaneous		$	10,000
Total		$	520,050

 

Note: All listed amounts are estimates except for the SEC registration fee and FINRA filing fee.

ITEM 28: PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL

The following list sets forth each of Logan Ridge Finance Corporation’s subsidiaries, the state under whose laws the subsidiary is organized and the voting securities owned by Logan Ridge Finance Corporation, directly, in such subsidiary:

 

CapitalSouth Fund II Limited Partnership (North Carolina)			100	%
CapitalSouth F-II, LLC (North Carolina)			100	%
CapitalSouth Fund III, L.P. (Delaware)			100	%
CapitalSouth F-III, LLC (North Carolina)			100	%
CPTA Master Blocker, Inc. (Georgia)			100	%

Currently, each of Logan Ridge Finance Corporation’s subsidiaries is consolidated with Logan Ridge Finance Corporation for financial reporting purposes.

In addition, we may be deemed to control certain portfolio companies. See “Portfolio Companies” in the prospectus that is part of this Registration Statement.

ITEM 29. NUMBER OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

The following table sets forth the number of record holders of the Registrant’s common stock at December 10, 2021.

 

Title of Class		Number of Record Holders
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share		31

ITEM 30. INDEMNIFICATION

Directors and Officers

Reference is made to Section 2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, Article VII of the Registrant’s charter and Article XI of the Registrant’s bylaws.

Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The Registrant’s charter contains such a provision which eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940

 

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Act”). The Registrant’s charter authorizes the Registrant, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while serving as the Registrant’s director or officer and at the Registrant’s request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee, from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. The Registrant’s bylaws obligate the Registrant, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, to indemnify any present or former director or officer or any individual who, while serving as the Registrant’s director or officer and at the Registrant’s request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, officer, partner, trustee, manager or member and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse his or her reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. The charter and bylaws also permit the Registrant to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of the Registrant in any of the capacities described above and any of the Registrant’s employees or agents or any employees or agents of the Registrant’s predecessor. In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Registrant will not indemnify any person for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of such person’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the Registrant’s charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received unless, in either case, a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer in advance of final disposition of a proceeding upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

Investment Adviser and Administrator

The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, Mount Logan Management LLC (the “investment adviser”) and its officers, managers, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from the Registrant for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of the investment adviser’s services under the Investment Advisory Agreement or otherwise as an investment adviser of the Registrant.

 

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The Administration Agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, BC Partners Management LLC and its officers, managers, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from the Registrant for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of BC Partners Management LLC’s services under the Administration Agreement or otherwise as administrator for the Registrant.

The law also provides for comparable indemnification for corporate officers and agents. Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors. The indemnification agreements are intended to provide the Registrant’s directors the maximum indemnification permitted under Maryland law and the 1940 Act. Each indemnification agreement provides that the Registrant shall indemnify the director who is a party to the agreement (an “Indemnitee”), including the advancement of legal expenses, if, by reason of his or her corporate status, the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to or a witness in any threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, other than a proceeding by or in the right of the Registrant.

ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISER

A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which the investment adviser, and each managing director, director or executive officer of the investment adviser, is or has been during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in Part A of this Registration Statement in the sections titled “Management — Board of Directors,” “Investment Advisory Agreement” and “Portfolio Management — Investment Personnel.” Additional information regarding the investment adviser and its officers and directors is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the SEC (SEC File No. 801-119731), under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 32. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS

All accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules thereunder are maintained at the offices of:

 

(1)

the Registrant, Logan Ridge Finance Corporation, 650 Madison Avenue, 23rd Floor, New York, New York 10022;

 

(2)

the Transfer Agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219;

 

(3)

the Custodian, U.S. Bank National Association, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202; and

 

(4)

the investment adviser, Mount Logan Management LLC, 650 Madison Avenue, 23rd Floor, New York, New York 10022.

 

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ITEM 33. MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Not applicable.

ITEM 34. UNDERTAKINGS

 

1.

Not applicable.

 

2.

Not applicable.

 

3.

We hereby undertake:

 

a.

that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

b.

to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

c.

that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser that:

 

(1)

if we are relying on Rule 430B:

(A) each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the Registration Statement; and

(B) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the Registration Statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the Registration Statement relating to the securities in the Registration Statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the Registration Statement or prospectus that was part of the Registration Statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

 

(2)

if we are subject to Rule 430C under the Securities Act, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act as part of this Registration Statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness, provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersedes or modify any statement that was made in the Registration Statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

 

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d.

that for the purpose of determining our liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, we undertake that in a primary offering of our securities pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, we will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:

 

(1)

any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of us relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act;

 

(2)

Free writing prospectuses relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of us or used or referred to by us;

 

(3)

the portion of any other free writing prospectuses or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act relating to the offering containing material information about us or our securities provided by or on behalf of us; and

 

(4)

any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by us to the purchaser.

 

4.

Not applicable.

 

5.

We hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of our annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that is incorporated by reference into the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

6.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by any of our directors, officers or controlling persons in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we undertake, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, to submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and we will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

7.

We hereby undertake to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any prospectus or Statement of Additional Information.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused the Registration Statement on Form N-2 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, in the State of New York, on the 20th day of December 2021.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registration Statement on Form N-2 has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant, and in the capacities indicated, on the 20th day of December 2021.

 

Signature		Title
/s/ Edward Goldthorpe Edward Goldthorpe		Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Jason Roos Jason Roos		Chief Financial Officer
* Alexander Duka		Director
* George Grunebaum		Director
* Robert Warshauer		Director

 

*	Signed by Edward Goldthorpe pursuant to a power of attorney signed by each individual on October 11, 2021.