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As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 16, 2021.

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Registration No. 333-          

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

APPHARVEST, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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500 Appalachian Way

Morehead, Kentucky 40351

(606) 653-6100

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Jonathan Webb

Chief Executive Officer

AppHarvest, Inc.

500 Appalachian Way

Morehead, Kentucky 40351

(606) 653-6100

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

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If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

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(1)Includes 197,628 shares of common stock previously issued by the registrant to the selling stockholder named herein and 19,945,776 shares of common stock that are available to be issued and sold by the registrant to the selling stockholder named herein from time to time at the registrant’s election pursuant to a common stock purchase agreement, dated as of December 15, 2021, between the registrant and the selling stockholder, subject to satisfaction of the conditions set forth therein. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant is also registering such additional indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may become issuable as a result of stock splits or stock dividends.

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(2)The price is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act and represents the average high and low trading prices of the common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 15, 2021.

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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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Subject to Completion, Dated December 16, 2021

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

20,143,404 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the offer and resale of up to 20,143,404 shares (the “Shares”) of our common stock, $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), by B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (the “Selling Stockholder”). The shares included in this prospectus consist of shares of Common Stock that we have issued or that we may, in our discretion, elect to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, pursuant to a common stock purchase agreement we entered into with the Selling Stockholder on December 15, 2021 (the “Purchase Agreement”), in which the Selling Stockholder has committed to purchase from us, at our direction, up to $100,000,000 of our Common Stock, subject to terms and conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement. Concurrently with our execution of the Purchase Agreement on December 15, 2021, we issued 197,628 shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our Common Stock at our election in our sole discretion, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. See the section titled “Committed Equity Financing” for a description of the Purchase Agreement and the section titled “Selling Stockholder” for additional information regarding the Selling Stockholder.

We are not selling any shares of Common Stock being offered by this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of such shares by the Selling Stockholder. However, we may receive up to $100,000,000 in aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder that we may, in our discretion, elect to make, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

The Selling Stockholder may sell or otherwise dispose of the shares of Common Stock included in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” for more information about how the Selling Stockholder may sell or otherwise dispose of the Common Stock being offered in this prospectus. The Selling Stockholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “APPH”. On December 15, 2021, the last reported sales price of the Common Stock as reported on Nasdaq was $5.09 per share.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements. This prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company. We are incorporated in Delaware as a public benefit corporation. See the section titled “Prospectus Summary — Public Benefit Corporation.”

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risks. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus, and under similar headings in any amendments or supplements to this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus dated                 , 2021

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December 31, 2020 and 2019

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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any supplement to this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. The Selling Stockholder is offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, our securities only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

For investors outside of the United States: Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission before the date of this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in a document incorporated by reference is inconsistent with a statement in another document incorporated by reference having a later date, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Stockholder may, from time to time, sell the securities described in this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by such Selling Stockholder of the securities described in this prospectus.

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder will make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement together with the additional information to which we refer you in the section titled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

On January 29, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), AppHarvest Operations, Inc. (f/k/a AppHarvest, Inc., “Legacy AppHarvest”), a Delaware public benefit corporation, Novus Capital Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Novus”), ORGA, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Novus (“Merger Sub”) consummated the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among Novus, Legacy AppHarvest and Merger Sub following the approval at a special meeting of the stockholders of Novus held on January 29, 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, a business combination of Legacy AppHarvest and Novus was effected through the merger of Legacy AppHarvest with and into Merger Sub, with Legacy AppHarvest surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Novus (the “Business Combination”). On the Closing Date, Legacy AppHarvest changed its name to AppHarvest Operations, Inc. and Novus changed its name from Novus Capital Corporation to AppHarvest, Inc.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “AppHarvest,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to AppHarvest, Inc. (f/k/a Novus Capital Corporation) and its consolidated subsidiaries (including Legacy AppHarvest). References to “Novus” refer to the predecessor company prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections titled “Prospectus Summary” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and elsewhere in this prospectus. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will” and “would,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions intended to identify statements about the future. These statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements about:

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The foregoing list of risks is not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus may include additional factors that could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this prospectus will prove to be accurate. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law.

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus, the events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. You should refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements.

You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our securities, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and the information set forth in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Overview

AppHarvest was founded on January 19, 2018. Together with our subsidiaries, we are an applied agricultural technology company in Appalachia developing and operating some of the world’s largest high-tech indoor farms, which are designed to grow non-GMO produce free of chemical pesticide residues, use primarily rainwater, and produce significantly higher yields than those yields achieved by traditional agriculture on the same amount of land. AppHarvest combines conventional agricultural techniques with cutting-edge technology, including artificial intelligence and robotics, to improve access to nutritious food, farming more sustainably, building a domestic food supply, and increasing investment in Appalachia.

We are also committed to the communities where we operate by providing compelling, long-term career opportunities to the local workforce as well as partnering with educational institutions, such as the University of Kentucky and local high schools and technical schools, to create programs that benefit students, researchers, and our own operations. At AppHarvest, our goal is to lay the foundation for Appalachia to become the AgTech capital of North America.

Our commitment to Appalachia is driven by the personal connection of AppHarvest’s leadership, including Jonathan Webb, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, to the area. As a proud Kentucky native, Mr. Webb has developed deep relationships within the Appalachian community that include civic leaders, strategic vendors and suppliers, and local and state elected officials. Our deep connection to the local community has been instrumental in facilitating our growth and development.

AppHarvest also has a refined geographic strategy in place designed to impart immediate as well as long-term benefits. Central Appalachia presents multiple strategic advantages for AppHarvest, including access to an abundant and hard-working labor force, beneficial climate patterns that allow all, or substantially all, of our water requirements to be supplied naturally by rainfall, and geographic proximity to approximately 70% of all U.S. households within a one-day drive.

AppHarvest is a mission-driven organization with an ethos rooted in sustainability and environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) principles. Our leadership team and employees share a deeply-held belief that, as an organization, we are responsible to multiple stakeholders, including our workers, our community, our customers, our environment, and our stockholders. AppHarvest is a public benefit corporation, which underscores our commitment to our mission and stakeholders. In addition, we elected to have our social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency assessed against the proprietary criteria established by an independent non-profit organization. As a result of this assessment, AppHarvest was designated as a Certified B Corporation in December 2019. As of November 15, 2021, we are one of six publicly traded Certified B Corporations in the United States.

Prior to October 2020, our operations were limited to the “start-up” concerns of organizing and staffing, business planning, raising capital, and acquiring and developing properties for Controlled Environment Agriculture (“CEA”). In October 2020, we partially opened our first CEA facility in Morehead, Kentucky (the “Morehead CEA facility”), which we estimate can cultivate approximately 720,000 tomato plants with an approximate yield of 40 million pounds per year. In January 2021, we harvested our first crop of beefsteak tomatoes. In March 2021, we began harvesting our first crop of tomatoes on the vine. In May 2021, we opened production of the full 60 acres at the Morehead CEA facility. In August 2021, the Morehead CEA facility concluded its first harvest. The completed planting of its second crop was accomplished in September 2021, in preparation for its second growing season. The harvest of the new crop commenced in the fourth quarter of 2021.

We have begun construction on four more CEA facilities. Two of the facilities under construction are located in Berea, Kentucky (the “Berea leafy green facility”) and Richmond, Kentucky (the “Richmond tomato facility”). As of the date hereof, construction on the Berea leafy green facility is approximately 60% complete; the Richmond tomato facility is approximately 60% complete. Both CEA facilities are expected to be fully operational by the end of 2022. Groundbreakings for two more CEA facilities occurred in June

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2021 in Somerset, Kentucky (the “Somerset facility”) and Morehead, Kentucky (the “Morehead leafy green facility”). The Somerset facility is intended to grow berries, and the Morehead leafy green facility, which is located adjacent to the Morehead CEA facility, is intended to grow leafy greens. The Somerset facility is over 40% complete and expected to be operational by the end of 2022. To incorporate design and other insights we gained from construction of the Berea leafy green facility and to maintain flexibility in the allocation of capital resources, we have temporarily paused development of the Morehead leafy green facility, with construction now expected to resume in 2022 and be operational in 2023.

We expect to have four CEA facilities operational by the end of 2022, with approximately 165 acres under production. We anticipate having nine operational CEA facilities in Appalachia, with approximately 400 acres of aggregate production capacity, by the end of 2025. We intend to continue to work toward a network of 12 CEA facilities by 2025. Our expectations assume that we are, and will be, able to obtain necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms.

To optimize our production capabilities, innovate on sustainability measures, and deliver on our goal of establishing AppHarvest as a leader within CEA, we are committed to developing and sourcing the most advanced technology available, especially in the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence, and automation. As part of these efforts, AppHarvest has empowered its subsidiary, AppHarvest Technology, Inc. (“AppHarvest Technology”), to design and sell new technology products to the broader agricultural market.

AppHarvest Technology also identifies and partners with other industry-leading agricultural technology companies to deliver a competitive advantage for AppHarvest’s operations. By building new products and enabling and enhancing partnerships between AppHarvest and leading agricultural tech companies, we leverage each other’s expertise and unlock new efficiencies and capabilities. Presently, these efforts are focused on two primary initiatives: A harvesting robot; and a cloud-based enterprise software system to enhance visibility into labor management and quality control within CEA facilities.

Public Benefit Corporation

Under Delaware law, a public benefit corporation is required to identify in its certificate of incorporation the public benefit or benefits it will promote and its directors have a duty to manage the affairs of the corporation in a manner that balances the pecuniary interests of the corporation’s stockholders, the best interests of those materially affected by the corporation’s conduct, and the specific public benefit or public benefits identified in the public benefit corporation’s certificate of incorporation. Public benefit corporations organized in Delaware are also required to assess their benefit performance internally and to disclose to stockholders at least biennially a report detailing their success in meeting their benefit objectives.

As provided in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the public benefits that we promote, and pursuant to which we manage our company, are empowering individuals in Appalachia, driving positive environmental change in the agriculture industry, and improving the lives of our employees and the community at large. Being a public benefit corporation underscores our commitment to our purpose and our stakeholders, including farmers and suppliers, consumers and customers, communities and the environment and stockholders.

Certified B Corporation

While not required by Delaware law or the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we have elected to have our social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency assessed against the proprietary criteria established by an independent non-profit organization. As a result of this assessment, in December 2019, we were designated as a Certified B Corporation.

Background

We were originally known as Novus Capital Corporation. On January 29, 2021, Novus consummated the Business Combination with Legacy AppHarvest pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Merger”). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, Legacy AppHarvest changed its name to AppHarvest Operations, Inc. and Novus changed its name from Novus Capital Corporation to AppHarvest, Inc. While Novus was the legal acquirer in the Merger, Legacy AppHarvest was deemed to

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be the accounting acquirer in the Merger. As a result, the historical consolidated financial statements of Legacy AppHarvest became the historical consolidated financial statements of the combined company, upon the consummation of the Merger.

Committed Equity Financing

On December 15, 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (the “Selling Stockholder” or “B. Riley Principal Capital”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right to sell to B. Riley Principal Capital up to $100 million of shares of our Common Stock (the “Total Commitment”), subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Sales of Common Stock to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any such sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the SEC to register under the Securities Act the resale by B. Riley Principal Capital of up to 20,143,404 shares of Common Stock, consisting of 197,628 shares of Common Stock that we issued to B. Riley Principal Capital in consideration of its commitment to purchase shares of Common Stock at our election under to the Purchase Agreement, and up to 19,945,776 shares of Common Stock that we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue and sell to B. Riley Principal Capital, from time to time from and after the Commencement Date (as defined below) under the Purchase Agreement

Upon the satisfaction of the conditions to B. Riley Principal Capital’s purchase obligation set forth in the Purchase Agreement (the “Commencement”), including that the registration statement that includes this prospectus be declared effective by the SEC and the final form of this prospectus is filed with the SEC, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period after the date on which the Commencement occurs (the “Commencement Date”), to direct B. Riley Principal Capital to purchase a specified amount of shares of Common Stock, not to exceed 20% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount (as defined below) applicable to such purchase (each such purchase, a “Purchase”) by delivering written notice to B. Riley Principal Capital (each, a “Purchase Notice”) between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on any trading day (each, a “Purchase Date”), so long as (i) the closing sale price of our Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than $1.00 (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement) and (ii) all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and Additional Purchases (as defined below) effected by us under the Purchase Agreement theretofore required to have been received by B. Riley Principal Capital electronically on the applicable settlement date therefor have been so received by B. Riley Principal Capital in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.

The per share purchase price for the shares of Common Stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in a Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of our Common Stock (the “VWAP”), during the full regular trading hour period on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date, calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, or, if the trading volume threshold calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement is reached during such regular trading hour period, then only during the portion of the regular trading hour period on the applicable Purchase Date prior to the time such volume threshold is reached, the precise commencement and ending times of such period in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Valuation Period”), less a variable discount ranging from 3% to 5%. The applicable discount for a Purchase will depend on the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock purchased by the Selling Stockholder on the applicable Purchase Date for the Purchase and all Additional Purchases effected on the same Purchase Date as such Purchase (as applicable) (such amount, the “Aggregate Daily Purchase Share Amount”) relative to the Purchase Volume Reference Amount.

In addition to the regular Purchases described above (subject to certain additional conditions and limitations as described in the Purchase Agreement), we may also direct B. Riley Principal Capital, on the same Purchase Date on which we have properly submitted a Purchase Notice for a Purchase, with respect to which the Purchase Valuation Period has ended prior to 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date (provided all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and Additional Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement theretofore required to have been received by B. Riley Principal Capital electronically on the applicable settlement date therefor have been so received by B. Riley Principal Capital in accordance with the Purchase Agreement), to purchase an additional amount of our common stock (each such additional purchase, an “Additional Purchase”) by delivering written notice to B. Riley Principal Capital by no later than 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date, not to exceed 20% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount applicable to such Additional Purchase.

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The per share purchase price for the shares of Common Stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in an Additional Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a Purchase, provided that the VWAP will be measured during the portion of the normal trading hours on the applicable Purchase Date determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (such period, the “Additional Purchase Valuation Period”).

The “Purchase Volume Reference Amount” is the lowest of: (i) the total number of shares of Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during the trading day immediately preceding the applicable purchase date for the Purchase; (ii) the average daily number of shares of Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during the five consecutive trading day-period ending on (and including) the trading day immediately preceding the applicable purchase date for the Purchase; and (iii) the average daily number of shares of Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during the 21 consecutive trading day-period ending on (and including) the trading day immediately preceding the applicable purchase date for the Purchase. If the Aggregate Daily Purchase Share Amount for a Purchase is equal to or less than 6.67% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount applicable to such Purchase, the discount for such Purchase will be 3%. If the Aggregate Daily Purchase Share Amount for a Purchase or Additional Purchase, as applicable, is greater than 6.67%, but less than 15%, of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount applicable to such Purchase or Additional Purchase, the discount for such Purchase or Additional Purchase will be 4%. If the Aggregate Daily Purchase Share Amount for a Purchase or Additional Purchase is equal to or greater than 15% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount applicable to such Purchase or Additional Purchase, the discount for such Purchase or Additional Purchase will be 5%.

There is no upper limit on the price per share that B. Riley Principal Capital could be obligated to pay for the Common Stock we may elect to sell to it in any Purchase or any Additional Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to B. Riley Principal Capital in a Purchase and an Additional Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period for such Purchase or during the applicable Applicable Purchase Valuation Period for such Additional Purchase.

From and after Commencement, we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Stock to B. Riley Principal Capital. Actual sales of shares of our Common Stock to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our Common Stock and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our business and its operations.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event may we issue to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement more than 20,143,404 shares of Common Stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99% of the shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement (the “Exchange Cap”), unless (i) we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, or (ii) the average price per share paid by B. Riley Principal Capital for all of the shares of Common Stock that we direct B. Riley Principal Capital to purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, equals or exceeds $5.11 per share (representing the lower of the official closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement and the average official closing price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq for the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement, as adjusted pursuant to applicable Nasdaq rules). Moreover, we may not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by B. Riley Principal Capital and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in B. Riley Principal Capital beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

The net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to us will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of our stock to B. Riley Principal Capital. We expect that any proceeds received by us from such sales to B. Riley Principal Capital will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement other than a prohibition on entering (with certain limited exceptions) into an agreement to effect an “equity line of credit,” “at-the-market offering,” or “equity distribution program” whereby the Company may issue or sell Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock at a future determined price. B. Riley

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APPHARVEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

December 31, 2020 and 2019

Principal Capital has agreed that none of B. Riley Principal Capital, its officers, its sole member or any entity managed or controlled by B. Riley Principal Capital or its sole member will engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own account or for the account of any other of such persons or entities, any short sales of the Common Stock or hedging transaction that establishes a net short position in the Common Stock during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the first day of the month next following the 24-month anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, (ii) the date on which the Selling Stockholder shall have purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement shares of Common Stock for an aggregate gross purchase price of $100 million, (iii) the date on which the Common Stock shall have failed to be listed or quoted on Nasdaq or another U.S. national securities exchange identified as an “eligible market” in the Purchase Agreement, (iv) the 30th trading day after the date on which a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceeding involving our company has been commenced that is not discharged or dismissed prior to such trading day, and (v) the date on which a bankruptcy custodian is appointed for all or substantially all of our property or we make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors. We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five (5) trading days’ prior written notice to B. Riley Principal Capital. We and B. Riley Principal Capital may also agree to terminate the Purchase Agreement by mutual written consent, provided that no termination of the Purchase Agreement will be effective during the pendency of any Purchase that has not then fully settled in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. Neither we nor B. Riley Principal Capital may assign or transfer our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by us or B. Riley Principal Capital.

As consideration for B. Riley Principal Capital’s commitment to purchase shares of Common Stock at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, upon execution of the Purchase Agreement, we issued 197,628 shares of Common Stock to B. Riley Principal Capital.

The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements were made only for purposes of such agreements and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.

We do not know what the purchase price for our Common Stock will be and therefore cannot be certain as to the number of shares we might issue to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement after the Commencement Date. As of December 1, 2021, there were 100,746,628 shares of our Common Stock outstanding, of which 65,938,689 shares were held by non-affiliates. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to $100 million of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, only 20,143,404 shares of our Common Stock are being registered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus, which represents (i) the 197,628 Commitment Shares that we issued to B. Riley Principal Capital on December 15, 2021 under the Purchase Agreement and (ii) up to 19,945,776 shares of Common Stock that may be issued to B. Riley Principal Capital from and after the Commencement Date, if and when we elect to sell shares to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement. Depending on the market prices of our Common Stock at the time we elect to issue and sell shares to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement, we may need to register for resale under the Securities Act additional shares of our Common Stock in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $100 million Total Commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If all of the 20,143,404 shares offered by B. Riley Principal Capital for resale under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof (without taking into account the 19.99% Exchange Cap limitation), such shares would represent approximately 16.7% of the total number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding and approximately 23.4% of the total number of outstanding shares held by non-affiliates, in each case as of December 1, 2021. If we elect to issue and sell more than the 20,143,404 shares offered under this prospectus to B. Riley Principal Capital, which we have the right, but not the obligation, to do, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act any such additional shares, which could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares ultimately offered for resale by B. Riley Principal Capital is dependent upon the number of shares we may elect to sell to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement from and after the Commencement Date.

There are substantial risks to our stockholders as a result of the sale and issuance of Common Stock to B. Riley Principal Capital under the Purchase Agreement. These risks include substantial dilution, significant declines in our stock price and our inability to draw sufficient funds when needed. See the section titled “Risk Factors.” Issuances of our Common Stock in this offering will not

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APPHARVEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

December 31, 2020 and 2019

affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted as a result of any such issuance. Although the number of shares of Common Stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares after any such issuance to B. Riley Principal Capital.

Summary of Risks:

Our business and this offering are subject to a number of risks of which you should be aware before making a decision to invest in our securities. These risks include, among others, the following:

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APPHARVEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

December 31, 2020 and 2019

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, and have elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards. We expect to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and non-public companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

In addition, we intend to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an emerging growth company, we intend to rely on such exemptions, we are not required to, among other things: (a) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (b) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (c) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and (d) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.

We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until December 31, 2021. While we will continue to remain an emerging growth company through the end of the 2021 fiscal year and take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, our public float exceeded $700 million as of June 30, 2021 and we will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company as of

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APPHARVEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

December 31, 2020 and 2019

December 31, 2021. We are required to provide management’s attestation on internal controls subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2021, our public float was greater than $700.0 million and therefore effective December 31, 2021, we will no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company although we will continue to use the scaled disclosures permitted for a smaller reporting company through our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 and plan to begin providing non-scaled larger company disclosure in our first Form 10-Q of the next fiscal year.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 500 Appalachian Way, Morehead, Kentucky and our telephone number is (606) 653-6100. Our corporate website address is www.appharvest.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

“AppHarvest” and our other registered and common law trade names, trademarks and service marks are property of AppHarvest, Inc. This prospectus contains additional trade names, trademarks and service marks of others, which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ^® or ™ symbols.

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APPHARVEST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

December 31, 2020 and 2019

THE OFFERING

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The number of shares of Common Stock to be outstanding is based on 100,746,628 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of December 1, 2021 and excludes:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(amounts in thousands except per share amounts)

December 31, 2020 and 2019

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. Before you make a decision to buy our Common Stock, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus and in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding to invest in our securities. If any of the events or developments described below were to occur, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could suffer materially, the trading price of our Common Stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to the Offering

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the Selling Stockholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales. Further, we may not have access to the full amount available under the Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder.

On December 15, 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder, pursuant to which the Selling Stockholder has committed to purchase up to $100 million of our Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The shares of our Common Stock that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to the Selling Stockholder at our discretion from time to time over an approximately 24-month period commencing on the Commencement Date.

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our Common Stock, if any, to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or none of the shares of our Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Common Stock during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Common Stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that the Selling Stockholder will pay for shares purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any.

Moreover, although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $100 million of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, only 20,143,404 shares of our Common Stock (197,628 of which represent the Commitment Shares we issued to the Selling Stockholder upon signing the Purchase Agreement as payment of a commitment fee for the Selling Stockholder’s obligation to purchase shares of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement) are being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus. If after the Commencement Date we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder all of the 19,945,776 shares of Common Stock being registered for resale under this prospectus that are available for sale by us to the Selling Stockholder in Purchases and Additional Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the market prices of our Common Stock during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period and Additional Purchase Valuation Period for each Purchase and each Additional Purchase, respectively, made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $100 million Total Commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity.

If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more than the 20,143,404 shares being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the Total Commitment of $100 million under the Purchase Agreement, we must file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of any such additional shares of our Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective and we will need to obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the

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Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, unless the average per share purchase price paid by the Selling Stockholder for all shares of Common Stock sold under the Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $5.11, in which case, under applicable Nasdaq rules, the Exchange Cap limitation will not apply to issuances and sales of Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, in each case, before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Any issuance and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of Common Stock in addition to the 20,143,404 shares of Common Stock being registered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders.

In addition, we are not required or permitted to issue any shares of Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement if such issuance would breach our obligations under the rules or regulations of Nasdaq. In addition, the Selling Stockholder will not be required to purchase any shares of our Common Stock if such sale would result in the Selling Stockholder’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding Common Stock. Our inability to access a portion or the full amount available under the Purchase Agreement, in the absence of any other financing sources, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The sale and issuance of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder will cause dilution to our existing stockholders, and the sale of the shares of Common Stock acquired by the Selling Stockholder, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our Common Stock to fall.

The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the price of our Common Stock. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our Common Stock to fall.

If and when we do sell shares to the Selling Stockholder, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired the shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some, or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to the Selling Stockholder by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our Common Stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to the Selling Stockholder. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Our management team will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from our sale of shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, if any, and you may not agree with how we use the proceeds and the proceeds may not be invested successfully.

Our management team will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from our sale of shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, if any, and we could use such proceeds for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of commencement of this offering. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management team with regard to the use of those net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that, pending their use, we may invest those net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. The failure of our management team to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are an early-stage company with a history of losses, and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future. Our business could be adversely affected if we fail to effectively manage our future growth.

We incurred net losses of $17.3 million and $77.8 million and $5.7 million and $8.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our net losses were $17.4 million and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We believe we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in world-class technology to increase production and commercial sales of our products. We recently began our second growing season. There is no guarantee when, if ever, we will become profitable. We expect to expend substantial resources as we:

These investments may not result in the growth of our business. Even if these investments do result in the growth of our business, if we do not effectively manage our growth, we may not be able to execute on our business plan and vision, respond to competitive pressures, take advantage of market opportunities, satisfy customer requirements or maintain high-quality product offerings, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We will require significant additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, may force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our operations and future growth.

The high-tech greenhouse agriculture business is extremely capital-intensive and we expect to expend significant resources to complete the build-out of facilities under construction, continue harvesting existing crops and plant and harvest new crops in our existing and future CEA facilities. These expenditures are expected to include working capital, costs of acquiring and building out new facilities, costs associated with planting and harvesting, such as the purchase of seeds and growing supplies, and the cost of attracting, developing and retaining a skilled labor force, including local labor. In addition, other unanticipated costs may arise due to the unique nature of these CEA facilities and increased production in our single operating facility at full capacity. We currently import many of the supplies and materials for greenhouse operations from abroad, including the construction materials for our CEA facilities, and seeds for plants. Accordingly, we are subject to risk of fluctuation in exchange rates, which could cause unexpected increases in our costs and harm our financial position.

We expect that our existing cash and credit available under our loan agreements will be sufficient to fund our planned operating expenses, capital expenditure requirements and any debt service payments through at least the next 12 months. However, our operating plan may change because of factors currently unknown, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations. Such financings may result in dilution to stockholders, issuance of securities with priority as to liquidation and dividend and other rights more favorable than Common Stock, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations, or other restrictions that may adversely affect our business. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for current or future operating plans. There can be no assurance that financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. The inability to obtain financing when needed may make it more difficult for us to operate our business or implement our growth plans.

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We have an evolving business model, which increases the complexity of our business and makes it difficult to evaluate our future business prospects.

Our business model is continuing to evolve. We are primarily engaged in building a sustainable food company with a resilient and scalable ecosystem of applied technology greenhouses to serve the rapidly growing consumer demand for fresh, chemical-free, non-GMO fruits, vegetables and related value-added products in the U.S. We also intend to pursue additional CEA opportunities through partnerships with third parties, including opportunities outside of the U.S. With the Root AI Acquisition in April 2021, we are also engaged in building an applied technology company, which develops CEA technology solutions for internal use and for potential sale to customers in the global CEA industry. From time to time, we may continue to modify aspects of our business model relating to our products and services. We do not know whether these or any other modifications will be successful. The evolution of and modifications to our business model will continue to increase the complexity of our business and place significant strain on our management, personnel, operations, systems, technical performance and financial resources. Future additions to or modifications of our business model are likely to have similar effects. Further, any new products or services we offer that are not favorably received by the market could damage our reputation or our brand. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face risks inherent in the greenhouse agriculture business, including the risks of diseases and pests.

We are focused on building large-scale CEA facilities in Appalachia with the goal of providing quality domestic supply of fresh fruits and vegetables to nearly 70% of the U.S. population. We primarily grow two varieties of tomatoes at the Morehead CEA facility—tomatoes on the vine and beefsteak tomatoes—and expect to expand to other tomato varieties and other fruits and vegetables such as berries, peppers, cucumbers, and leafy greens in the future at other facilities. As such, we are subject to the risks inherent in an agricultural business, such as insects, plant and seed diseases and similar agricultural risks, which may include crop losses, for which we are not insured; production of non-saleable products; and rejection of products for quality or other reasons, all of which may materially affect our operational and financial performance. Although our produce is grown in climate-controlled greenhouses, there can be no assurance that natural elements will not have an effect on the production of these products. In particular, plant diseases, such as root rot or tomato brown rugose fruit virus, or pest infestations, such as whiteflies, can destroy all or a significant portion of our produce and could eliminate or significantly reduce production at the greenhouse until we are able to disinfect the greenhouse and grow replacement tomatoes or other vegetables and fruits.

Although we have taken and continue to take precautions to guard against crop diseases and pests, these efforts may not be sufficient. For example, in June 2021, we experienced an outbreak of aphids and fruit flies in our Morehead greenhouse. In addition, diseases and pests can make their way into greenhouses from outside sources over which we have limited or no control. Diseases and pests can be inadvertently brought in by employees, from seeds and propagation vendors and from the trucks that transport supplies to the greenhouse. Once a disease or pest is introduced, we will need to quickly identify the problem and take remedial action in order to preserve the growing season. Failure to identify and remediate any diseases or pests in a timely manner could cause the loss of all or a portion of our crop and result in substantial time and resources to resume operations. Crop losses as a result of these agricultural risks could negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We currently rely on a single facility for all of our operations.

Our first CEA facility is a 2.76 million square foot CEA facility in Morehead, Kentucky, which partially opened in October 2020 and became fully operational in March 2021. For the immediate future, we will rely solely on the operations at the Morehead CEA facility. Adverse changes or developments affecting the Morehead CEA facility could impair our ability to produce our products and our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Any shutdown or period of reduced production at the Morehead CEA facility, which may be caused by regulatory noncompliance or other issues, as well as other factors beyond our control, such as severe weather conditions, natural disaster, fire, power interruption, work stoppage, disease outbreaks or pandemics (such as COVID-19), equipment failure or delay in supply delivery, would significantly disrupt our ability to grow and deliver our produce in a timely manner, meet our contractual obligations and operate our business. Our greenhouse equipment is costly to replace or repair, and our equipment supply chains may be disrupted in connection with pandemics, such as COVID-19, trade wars, labor shortages, or other factors. If any material amount of our machinery were damaged, we would be unable to predict when, if at all, we could replace or repair such machinery or find co-manufacturers with suitable alternative machinery, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Any insurance coverage we have may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

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Any damage to or problems with our CEA facilities, or delays in construction, could severely impact our operations and financial condition.

Any damage to or problems with the Morehead CEA facility or any other CEA facilities we build or use in the future, including defective construction, repairs, or maintenance could have an adverse impact on our operations and business. We face risks including, but not limited to:

In addition, we have experienced and may continue to experience unexpected delays in building our CEA facilities for a variety of reasons, including limited financing, limited labor due to COVID-19 or other factors, unexpected construction problems or severe weather. For example, to incorporate design and other insights from construction of the 15-acre Berea leafy green facility and to maintain flexibility in the allocation of capital resources, we temporarily paused development of the 10-acre Morehead leafy green facility with construction now expected to resume in 2022 for a 2023 delivery. If we experience significant unexpected delays in construction, we may have to limit or miss out on an entire growing season depending on the timing and extent of the delays, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on employing a skilled local labor force, including local labor, and failure to attract and retain qualified employees could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Agricultural operations are labor intensive, and the growing season for greenhouses is year-round. In general, each year, we plan to begin planting in August or September, grow and harvest the produce into June, July, or August and then remove plants and clean the greenhouse in August. These year-round operations depend on the skills and regular availability of labor in Appalachia.

Central Appalachia’s labor force long powered America through its coal mining operations. Over the past decade, the coal industry’s precipitous decline and replacement by natural gas has left tens of thousands of skilled workers unemployed throughout the region. We have rapidly hired in the region as we prepared to open our CEA facility and benefited from a strong network of employer assistance programs ready to help companies interested in locating in the region to provide jobs for its ready workforce. However, there is competition for skilled agricultural labor in the region, particularly from the cannabis, food, and distribution industries, and even if we are able to identify, hire and train our labor force, there is no guarantee that we will be able to retain these employees. For example, while we have not experienced any material labor shortage to date, we have observed an overall tightening and increasingly competitive local labor market. In order to forestall any potential labor shortfall, we have hired contract laborers from outside of the region to help complete our next harvest. If we are unable to hire, train and retain a labor force capable of performing at a high level, or if mitigation measures we take to respond to a decrease in local labor availability, such as overtime and contract laborers, have unintended negative effects, our business results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Further, the operation of CEA facilities requires unique skills, which may not be widely available in the regions where we operate. Any shortage

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of labor, lack of training or skills, or lack of regular availability could restrict our ability to operate our greenhouses profitably, or at all.

In addition, efforts by labor unions to organize our employees could divert management attention away from regular day-to-day operations and increase our operating expenses. Labor unions may make attempts to organize our non-unionized employees. We are not aware of any activities relating to union organizations at any of our facilities, but we cannot predict which, if any, groups of employees may seek union representation in the future or the outcome of any collective bargaining. If we are unable to negotiate acceptable collective bargaining agreements, we may have to wait through “cooling off” periods, which are often followed by union-initiated work stoppages, including strikes. Depending on the type and duration of our any work stoppage, our operating expenses could increase significantly, which could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our results of operations can be adversely affected by labor shortages, turnover and labor cost increases.

Labor is a primary component of operating our business. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us or increase labor costs, including high employment levels, federal unemployment subsidies, including unemployment benefits offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other government regulations. Although we have not experienced any material labor shortage to date, we have recently observed an overall tightening and increasingly competitive local labor market. A sustained labor shortage or increased turnover rates within our employee base, caused by COVID-19, or measures taken to address COVID-19, or as a result of general macroeconomic factors, could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees, and could negatively affect our ability to efficiently operate our greenhouse equipment and overall business.

If we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of performing at a high-level, or if mitigation measures we may take to respond to a decrease in labor availability, such as overtime and contract laborers, have unintended negative effects, our business could be adversely affected. An overall labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor inflation, caused by COVID-19 or as a result of general macroeconomic factors, could have a material adverse impact on our operations, results of operations, liquidity or cash flows. Our management has limited experience in operating a public company.

Our executive officers have limited experience in the management of a publicly traded company. Our management team may not successfully or effectively manage our regulatory oversight and reporting obligations as a public company under the federal securities laws of the United States. Our management’s limited experience in dealing with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies could be a significant disadvantage in that it is likely that an increasing amount of their time may be devoted to these activities, which will result in less time being devoted to the management and growth of our company. We may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience, and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal controls over financial reporting required of public companies in the United States. The development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for us to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company in the United States may require costs greater than expected. It is possible that we will be required to expand our employee base and hire additional employees to support our operations as a public company, which will increase our operating costs in future periods.

Mastronardi is currently our sole, exclusive marketing and distribution partner. We are highly dependent on our relationship with Mastronardi, and impairment to or termination of this relationship could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Mastronardi is our exclusive marketing and distribution partner for all tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, berries and leafy greens (collectively, the “Products”) pursuant to the Purchase and Marketing Agreement between Legacy AppHarvest and Mastronardi dated as of March 28, 2019, as amended on December 18, 2020 (the “Mastronardi Morehead Agreement”). Under the terms of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement, we are responsible for growing, producing, packing and delivering all Products to Mastronardi, and Mastronardi is responsible for marketing, branding and distributing the Products to its customers. Mastronardi will sell the Products at market prices that are consistent with the best and highest prices available during the duration of the applicable growing season for like kind United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Grade No. 1 products. Mastronardi will set the market price for the Products and will pay over to us the gross sale price of the Products sold by Mastronardi, less a marketing fee and Mastronardi’s costs incurred in the sale and distribution of the Products, which can fluctuate.

Mastronardi is only obligated to purchase our products that are at or above USDA Grade No. 1 standards and export quality standards within North America and of a quality required by Mastronardi’s customers, in Mastronardi’s sole determination. The Mastronardi Morehead Agreement provides for an inspection period during which Mastronardi will inspect our products to determine

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whether it meets the required quality standards, and Mastronardi may reject and return any of our products that do not meet these standards. Any significant or unexpected rejection of our products could negatively impact our results of operations, and we may be unable to sell the rejected products to other third parties. Further, because Mastronardi acts as an intermediary between us and the retail grocers or foodservice providers, we do not have short-term or long-term commitments or minimum purchase volumes with them that ensure future sales of our products.

If we expand our growing acreage or operations in Kentucky or West Virginia, Mastronardi has a right of first refusal to be the exclusive distributor of any produce arising as a result of such expansion for the greater of ten years from the date of first commercial production of the additional products or the remainder of the term of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement. In the event we or our affiliates engage in the business of growing fresh produce in a greenhouse in Kentucky and West Virginia (in each case, a “New Grower Facility”), Mastronardi has the right to deem such New Grower Facility to be under an agreement with Mastronardi on the same material terms and conditions of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement for a period of ten years. In December 2020, Mastronardi elected to deem our Richmond tomato facility and Berea leafy green facility to be New Grower Facilities.

Due to the exclusive nature of this long-term distribution relationship, we could also be adversely affected if Mastronardi experiences impairment to its brand and reputation or to its financial condition. Mastronardi and we are each entitled to terminate the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement in the case of the other party’s uncured breach of the contract or bankruptcy or insolvency. If the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement is terminated, we may experience difficulty or delay in finding a suitable replacement distributor in a timely manner or at all, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

We could be adversely affected by a change in consumer preferences, perception and spending habits in the food industry, and failure to develop and expand our product offerings or gain market acceptance of our products could have a negative effect on our business.

The market in which we operate is subject to changes in consumer preference, perception and spending habits. Our performance will depend significantly on factors that may affect the level and pattern of consumer spending in the U.S. food industry market in which we operate. Such factors include consumer preference, consumer income, consumer confidence in and perception of the safety and quality of our products and shifts in the perceived value for our products relative to alternatives.

The success of our products will depend on a number of factors including our ability to accurately anticipate changes in market demand and consumer preferences, our ability to differentiate the quality of our products from those of our competitors, and the effectiveness of marketing and advertising campaigns for our products. We may not be successful in identifying trends in consumer preferences and growing or developing products that respond to such trends in a timely manner. We or our partners also may not be able to effectively promote our products by marketing and advertising campaigns and gain market acceptance. If our products fail to gain market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory requirements, have quality problems, or are affected by consumer perceptions of safety and quality even arising from our competitors’ products, we may not be able to fully recover costs and expenses incurred in our operations, and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

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We may be unable to successfully execute on our growth strategy.

Our growth strategy includes the development of new controlled environment agriculture facilities and the expansion of our product line.

Identifying, planning, developing, constructing and finishing new CEA facilities in Central Appalachia has required and will continue to require substantial time, capital, and resources. Greenhouses, such as the Morehead CEA facility and other facilities, require a large amount of flat land with a maximum cut and fill area, the ability to obtain the appropriate permits and approvals, sufficient utilities and road access and adequate availability of skilled labor, among other things. We may be unsuccessful in identifying available sites in Central Appalachia that are conducive to our planned projects, and even if identified, we may ultimately be unable to lease, purchase, build or operate on the land for any number of reasons. Because of the capital-intensive nature of these projects, we will need to prioritize which sites we plan to develop, and there can be no guarantee that we will select or prioritize sites that will ultimately prove to be appropriate for construction. Further, we may spend time and resources developing sites at the expense of other appropriate sites, which may ultimately have been a better selection or more profitable location. On the other hand, if we overestimate market demand and expands into new locations too quickly, we may have significantly underutilized assets and may experience reduced profitability. If we do not accurately align capacity at our greenhouses with demand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may not be successful in our efforts to expand into value-added and co-branded products, or may invest in product opportunities that are not ultimately successful or profitable. We have no experience in developing or manufacturing value-added products and may not be able to develop or hire the expertise needed to expand into this field in an efficient and profitable manner. By developing co-branded products, we also face risks around aligning our brand with that of a third party over which we may have limited or no control.

We may not be able to implement our growth strategy successfully. Our sales and operating results will be adversely affected if we fail to implement our growth strategy or if we invest resources in a growth strategy that ultimately proves unsuccessful.

Failure to adequately manage our planned growth strategy may harm our business or increase our risk of failure.

For the foreseeable future, we intend to pursue a growth strategy for the expansion of our operations through increased product development and marketing. Our ability to rapidly expand our operations will depend upon many factors, including our ability to work in a regulated environment, market value-added products effectively, establish and maintain strategic relationships with suppliers, and obtain adequate and necessary capital resources on acceptable terms. Any restrictions on our ability to expand may have a materially

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adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Accordingly, we may be unable to achieve our targets for sales growth, and our operations may not be successful or achieve anticipated operating results.

We have agreed not to compete with Mastronardi outside of Kentucky and West Virginia, which may limit our business opportunities.

We have agreed not to compete with Mastronardi outside of Kentucky and West Virginia, which includes the businesses of growing, harvesting, packaging, distributing or selling fresh produce, subject to certain exceptions for fresh produce that is grown in Kentucky or West Virginia. Although we are currently focused on building greenhouses in Central Appalachia, if we desired in the future to build or operate facilities outside of Kentucky or West Virginia that were competitive with Mastronardi, the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement requires us to obtain Mastronardi’s consent before doing so. If Mastronardi withholds such consent for any reason, this could have the effect of restricting certain business opportunities outside of Kentucky and West Virginia during the term of the non-compete provision. The non-compete provision runs for ten years from the date of a first commercial harvest from the Morehead CEA facility and also runs for ten years measured from the date of a first commercial harvest from a facility deemed to be a New Grower Facility by Mastronardi under the terms of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement.

We build CEA facilities, which may be subject to unexpected costs and delays due to reliance on third parties for construction, material delivery, supply-chains and fluctuating material prices.

We build CEA facilities that are dependent on a number of key inputs and their related costs including materials such as steel and glass and other supplies, as well as electricity and other local utilities. Any significant interruption or negative change in the availability or economics of the supply chain for key inputs could materially impact our business, financial condition and operating results. We have entered into a direct contractual relationship with Dalsem Greenhouse Technology, B.V. (“Dalsem”) for the construction of our Richmond tomato facility and Berea leafy green facility and Dalsem also provides significant construction services for the Morehead CEA facility. If Dalsem encounters unexpected costs, delays or other problems in building these CEA facilities, our financial position and ability to execute on our growth strategy could be negatively affected. Any inability to secure required supplies and services or to do so on appropriate terms could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.

The price of production, sale and distribution of these goods may fluctuate widely based on the impact of numerous factors beyond our control including international, economic and political trends, transportation disruptions, expectations of inflation, global or regional consumptive patterns, speculative activities and increased production due to new production and distribution developments and improved production and distribution methods. In addition, we import substantially all of the construction materials used to build the CEA facilities. The use of third-party import services can cause logistical problems, unexpected costs and delays in facility construction, which we cannot directly control. Any prolonged disruption of third-party delivery and shipping services could negatively affect our facility building schedule. Rising costs associated with third-party transportation services used to ship materials may also adversely impact our building schedule and crop season planning, and more generally our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact worldwide economic activity, and the governments of many countries, states, cities and other geographic regions have taken preventative or protective actions in response, such as closures or other restrictions on the conduct of business operations of manufacturers, suppliers and vendors, which are creating disruption in global supply chains. The increased global demand on shipping and transport services may cause us to experience delays in the future, which could impact our ability to obtain materials or build our greenhouses in a timely manner. These factors could otherwise disrupt our operations and could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we experience significant unexpected delays in construction, we may have to limit or miss out on an entire growing season depending on the timing and extent of the delays, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to compete successfully in the highly competitive natural food market.

We operate in the highly competitive natural foods environment. With the importing of vine crops rapidly increasing, our competition includes large-scale operations in Mexico and to a lesser extent the southwestern United States. In this market, competition is based on, among other things, product quality and taste, brand recognition and loyalty, product variety, product packaging and package design, shelf space, reputation, price, advertising, promotion and nutritional claims.

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We may not be able to compete successfully with imported goods, including from Mexico and Canada. A risk for high-tech producers in the United States is that lower-cost Mexican producers will be able to increasingly step up and meet emerging U.S. retail market preferences for higher quality, improved product safety, year-round availability, and product innovation. Mexican producers achieve this not by investing equivalent capital, but by leveraging climatic advantages at lower cost. Market leadership will accrue to the most efficient producers who are able to reliably meet the needs of large U.S. retailers and can demonstrate advantages in marketing strategy, geography, technology, and production learning curves sufficient to warrant the substantial long-term working capital required to fuel the expected sustained growth of this niche. Meanwhile, Canadian producers are beginning or expanding production in the United States. The major factors driving this expansion are brand value of U.S. production and lower transportation and energy costs at U.S. facilities. The Canadian greenhouse industry is located primarily in Ontario in the east and British Columbia in the west. The Canadian greenhouse industry is supported by extensive government subsidies and financing that allows them to compete with the United States and Mexico on production cost.

We also face competition from traditional greenhouse operators both domestic and abroad, as well as from high-tech agricultural startups that are focused on development of farms either in or near major cities.

Each of these competitors may have substantially greater financial and other resources than us and some of whose products are well accepted in the marketplace today. We cannot be certain that we will successfully compete with larger competitors that have greater financial, sales and technical resources. They may also have lower operational costs, and as a result may be able to offer comparable or substitute products to customers at lower costs. This could put pressure on us to lower our prices, resulting in lower profitability or, in the alternative, cause us to lose market share if we fail to lower prices. Retailers may also market competitive products under their own private labels, which are generally sold at lower prices, and may change the merchandising of our products so we have less favorable placement.

The CEA agriculture business also has low barriers to entry, and we will not be able to prevent competitors from building and operating similar greenhouses. We rely heavily on the know-how of our employees and management team, our experience and our relationships with significant stakeholders in the agriculture industry and in Central Appalachia.

In addition, our ability to compete successfully in this market depends, in large part, on our ability to implement our growth strategy of building additional controlled environment facilities and expanding our product line. Our sales and operating results will be adversely affected if we fail to implement our growth strategy or if we invest resources in a growth strategy that ultimately proves unsuccessful.

We recently concluded our first growing season and have only just begun our second season, which makes it difficult to forecast future results of operations.

Our first CEA facility in Morehead, Kentucky partially opened in October 2020, marking the beginning of our first growing season. The Morehead CEA facility was completed in March 2021 and we concluded our first growing season in August 2021. We recently completed planting our second crop in September 2021 and the harvest of the new crop commenced in the fourth quarter of 2021. As a result, our ability to accurately forecast future results of operations is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. In future periods, net sales growth could slow or net sales could decline for a number of reasons, including slowing demand for our products, increasing competition, a decrease in the growth of the overall market, or our failure, for any reason, to take advantage of growth opportunities. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and future net sales growth are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, and our business could suffer.

If we fail to develop and maintain our brand, our business could suffer.

We plan to leverage our strong mission to build an iconic brand recognized and revered by a loyal customer base that values a sustainable homegrown food supplier. Our success depends on our ability to maintain and grow the value of our brand. Maintaining, promoting and positioning our brand and reputation will depend on, among other factors, the success of our product offerings, food safety, quality assurance, marketing and merchandising efforts, our continued focus on the environment and sustainability and ability to provide a consistent, high-quality consumer and customer experience. Any negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy, could impair our business.

With respect to our products that will be distributed by Mastronardi, Mastronardi controls the packaging, branding and marketing of these products. Although Mastronardi has agreed to use its best efforts to include the AppHarvest name and branding on our

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products, it is under no obligation to do so if such inclusion would conflict with instructions from a Mastronardi customer for the products or Mastronardi believes that we have suffered material impairment to our reputation or any of our brands. If Mastronardi does not include prominent AppHarvest branding on the packaging of our products we distribute, or if Mastronardi fails to effectively market our products, this could hamper our efforts to establish and grow our brand and reputation.

Further, the growing use of social and digital media by us, our consumers and third parties increases the speed and extent that information or misinformation and opinions can be shared. Negative publicity about us, our partners or our products on social or digital media could seriously damage our brand and reputation. Brand value is based on perceptions of subjective qualities, and any incident that erodes the loyalty of our consumers, customers or distributors, including adverse publicity or a governmental investigation, litigation, including securities class actions, or regulatory enforcement action, could significantly reduce the value of our brand and significantly damage our business. If we do not achieve and maintain favorable perception of our brand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our brand and reputation may be diminished due to real or perceived quality, food safety, or environmental issues with our products, which could negatively impact our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.

Real or perceived quality, food safety, or environmental concerns or failures to comply with applicable food regulations and requirements, whether or not ultimately based on fact and whether or not involving our products (such as incidents involving Mastronardi or our competitors), could cause negative publicity and reduced confidence in our company, brand or products, which could in turn harm our reputation and sales, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Brand value is also based on perceptions of subjective qualities, such as appearance and taste, and any incident that erodes the loyalty of our consumers, including changes to product appearance, taste or packaging, could significantly reduce the value of our brand and significantly damage our business.

We also have no control over our products once Mastronardi or any other distributor takes possession of them. Distributors or consumers may store our products under conditions and for periods of time inconsistent with USDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), and other governmental guidelines, which may adversely affect the quality and safety of our products.

If consumers do not perceive our products to be of high quality or safe, then the value of our brand would be diminished, and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected. Any loss of confidence on the part of consumers in the quality and safety of our products would be difficult and costly to overcome. Any such negative effect could be exacerbated by our market positioning as a socially conscious grower of high quality produce and may significantly reduce our brand value. Issues regarding the safety of any of our products, regardless of the cause, may harm our brand, reputation and operating results.

Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

Our market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate, particularly in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic impact. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of customers covered by these market opportunity estimates will purchase our products at all or generate any particular level of net sales for us. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost and perceived value associated with our product and those of our competitors. Even if the market in which we compete meets our size estimates and growth forecast, our business could fail to grow at the rate we anticipate, if at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, any forecasts of market growth should not be taken as indicative of our future net sales or growth prospects.

Demand for our current and expected future products, which include tomatoes, berries, peppers, cucumbers, other vine produce, and leafy greens is subject to seasonal fluctuations and may adversely impact our results of operations in certain quarters.

Demand for our current and expected future products, which include tomatoes, berries, peppers, cucumbers, other vine produce, and leafy greens fluctuates and tends to be greater during the summer months. As a result, comparisons of our sales and operating results between different quarters within a single fiscal year may not necessarily be meaningful comparisons. If we are not correct in predicting demand and planning our growing seasons accordingly, we may experience a supply and demand imbalance, which could adversely impact our results of operations.

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If we cannot maintain our company culture or focus on our vision as we grow, our business and competitive position may be harmed.

Our vision is to create America’s AgTech capital from within Appalachia and provide better produce, better farming practices and better jobs. Any failure to preserve our culture or focus on our vision could negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to our growth, and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. As we grow and develop the infrastructure of a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain these important values. If we fail to maintain our company culture or focus on our vision, our business and competitive position may be harmed.

Recent and future acquisitions could disrupt our business and adversely affect our business operations and financial results.

We have in the past acquired products, technologies and businesses from other parties, such as our recent acquisition of Root AI in April 2021, and we may choose to expand our current business by acquiring additional businesses or technologies in the future. Acquisitions, including the Root AI acquisition, involve many risks, including the following:

The occurrence of any of these risks could have an adverse effect on our business operations and financial results. In addition, we may only be able to conduct limited due diligence on an acquired company’s operations. Following an acquisition, we may be subject to unforeseen liabilities arising from an acquired company’s past or present operations and these liabilities may be greater than the warranty and indemnity limitations that we negotiate. Any unforeseen liability that is greater than these warranty and indemnity limitations could have a negative impact on our financial condition.

Food safety and foodborne illness incidents or advertising or product mislabeling may materially adversely affect our business by exposing us to lawsuits, product recalls, regulatory enforcement actions, or changes in consumer demand increasing our operating costs and reducing demand for our product offerings.

Selling food for human consumption involves inherent legal and other risks, and there is increasing governmental scrutiny of and public awareness regarding food safety. Unexpected side effects, illness, injury or death related to allergens, foodborne illnesses or other food safety incidents caused by products, or involving our suppliers, could result in the discontinuance of sales of these products or our relationships with such suppliers, or otherwise result in increased operating costs, regulatory enforcement actions, or harm to our reputation. Shipment of adulterated or misbranded products, even if inadvertent, can result in criminal or civil liability. Such incidents could also expose us to product liability, negligence, or other lawsuits, including consumer class action lawsuits. Any claims brought against us may exceed or be outside the scope of our existing or future insurance policy coverage or limits. Any judgment against us that is more than our policy limits or not covered by our policies or not subject to insurance would have to be paid from our cash reserves, which would reduce our capital resources.

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The occurrence of foodborne illnesses or other food safety incidents could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected raw materials, resulting in higher costs, disruptions in supply and a reduction in sales. Furthermore, any instances of food contamination or regulatory noncompliance, whether or not caused by our actions, could compel us, our suppliers, distributors or customers, depending on the circumstances, to conduct a recall in accordance with FDA regulations, and comparable state laws. Food recalls could result in significant losses due to their costs, the destruction of product inventory, lost sales due to the unavailability of the product for a period of time and potential loss of existing distributors or customers and a potential negative impact on our ability to attract new customers due to negative consumer experiences or because of an adverse impact on our brand and reputation. The costs of a recall could be outside the scope of our existing or future insurance policy coverage or limits.

In addition, food companies have been subject to targeted, large-scale tampering as well as to opportunistic, individual product tampering, and we, like any food company, could be a target for product tampering. Forms of tampering could include the introduction of foreign material, chemical contaminants, and pathological organisms into consumer products as well as product substitution. FDA regulations require companies like us to analyze, prepare, and implement mitigation strategies specifically to address tampering designed to inflict widespread public health harm. If we do not adequately address the possibility, or any actual instance, of product tampering, we could face possible seizure or recall of our products, suspension of our facilities’ registrations, and/or the imposition of civil or criminal sanctions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our operations are subject to FDA and USDA governmental regulation and state regulation, and there is no assurance that we will be in compliance with all regulations.

Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other federal, state and local authorities. Specifically, we are subject to the requirements of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and regulations promulgated thereunder by the FDA. This comprehensive regulatory program governs, among other things, the manufacturing, composition and ingredients, packaging, labeling and safety of food. Under this program, the FDA requires that facilities that grow, pack, and/or process food products comply with a range of requirements, including standards for the growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of produce, hazard analysis and preventative controls regulations, current good manufacturing practices, and supplier verification requirements. Our processing facilities are subject to periodic inspection by federal, state and local authorities. If we cannot successfully manufacture products that conform to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or others, we may be subject to adverse inspectional findings or enforcement actions, which could materially impact our ability to market our products, or could result in a recall of our product that have already been distributed. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority determines that we have not complied with the applicable regulatory requirements, our business may be materially impacted.

We seek to comply with applicable regulations through a combination of employing internal experience and expert personnel to ensure quality-assurance compliance (i.e., assuring that products are not adulterated or misbranded) and contracting with third-party laboratories that conduct analyses of products to ensure compliance with nutrition labeling requirements and to identify any potential contaminants before distribution. Failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations or maintain permits, licenses or registrations relating to our operations could subject us to civil remedies or penalties, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, warning letters, restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of products, or refusals to permit the import or export of products, as well as potential criminal sanctions, which could result in increased operating costs resulting in a material effect on our operating results and business.

Changes in existing laws or regulations, or the adoption of new laws or regulations, may increase our costs and otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The manufacture and marketing of food products is highly regulated. We and our suppliers are subject to a variety of laws and regulations. These laws and regulations apply to many aspects of our business, including the manufacture, packaging, labeling, distribution, advertising, sale, quality, and safety of our products, as well as the health and safety of our employees and the protection of the environment.

In the United States, we are subject to regulation by various government agencies, including the FDA, Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”), Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), and USDA, as well as various state and local agencies. We are also regulated outside the United States by various international regulatory bodies. In addition, depending on customer specification, we may be subject to certain voluntary, third-party standards, such as Global Food Safety Initiative standards and review by voluntary organizations, such as the Council of Better Business Bureaus’ National Advertising Division. We could incur costs, including fines, penalties and third-party claims, because of any violations of, or liabilities under, such requirements, including any competitor or consumer challenges relating to compliance with such requirements. The loss

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of third-party accreditation could result in lost sales and customers, and may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In connection with the marketing and advertisement of our products, we could be the target of claims relating to false or deceptive advertising, including under the auspices of the FTC and the consumer protection statutes of some states.

The regulatory environment in which we operate could change significantly and adversely in the future. Any change in manufacturing, labeling or packaging requirements for our products may lead to an increase in costs or interruptions in production, either of which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition. New or revised government laws and regulations could result in additional compliance costs and, in the event of non-compliance, civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, withdrawals, recalls, or seizures and confiscations, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Failure by any partner farms, suppliers of raw materials or co-manufacturers to comply with food safety, environmental or other laws and regulations, or with the specifications and requirements of our products, may disrupt our supply of products and adversely affect our business.

If our suppliers, or any partner farms or co-manufacturers that we engage or may engage in the future, fail to comply with food safety, environmental, or other laws and regulations, or face allegations of non-compliance, our operations may be disrupted. Additionally, such partner farms and co-manufacturers would be required to maintain the quality of our products and to comply with our standards and specifications. In the event of actual or alleged non-compliance, we might be forced to find alternative partner farms, suppliers or co-manufacturers and we may be subject to lawsuits related to such non-compliance by such partner farms, suppliers, and co-manufacturers. As a result, our supply of produce and finished inventory could be disrupted or our costs could increase, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The failure of any future co-manufacturer to produce products that conform to our standards could adversely affect our reputation in the marketplace and result in product recalls, product liability claims, and economic loss. Additionally, actions we may take to mitigate the impact of any disruption or potential disruption in our supply of produce, including increasing inventory in anticipation of a potential supply or production interruption, may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are subject to stringent environmental regulation and potentially subject to environmental litigation, proceedings, and investigations.

Our business operations and ownership and operation of real property are subject to stringent and complex federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations pertaining to the discharge of materials into the environment, and the handling and disposition of hazardous materials (including pesticides) and wastes (including solid and hazardous wastes) or otherwise relating to protection of the environment and to occupational safety and health. In addition, we may be required to obtain and maintain environmental permits for our business operations under certain environmental laws and regulations. Compliance with these laws and regulations, and the ability to comply with any modifications to these laws and regulations, is material to our business. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, imposition of investigatory and remedial obligations and the issuance of injunctions delaying or prohibiting our business operations. New matters or sites may be identified in the future that will require additional investigation, assessment, or expenditures. Future discovery of contamination of property underlying or in the vicinity of our present properties or facilities and/or waste disposal sites could require us to incur additional expenses. The occurrence of any of these events, the implementation of new laws and regulations, regulations, or stricter interpretation of existing laws or regulations, could adversely affect our financial results.

Climate change and the regulation of greenhouse gases emissions have the potential to affect our business operations. For example, the EPA has adopted regulations for the measurement and annual reporting of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases emitted from certain large facilities. In addition, both houses of Congress have considered legislation to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, and a number of states have taken, or are considering taking, legal measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. In January 2021, President Biden issued the 2021 Climate Change Executive Order that, among other things, sets goals of a carbon pollution free power sector by 2035 and a net zero economy by 2050. This Executive Order also commenced the process for the U.S. reentering the Paris Climate Agreement. The Paris Climate Agreement provides for the cutting of carbon emissions every five years, beginning in 2023, and sets a goal of keeping global warming to a maximum limit of two degrees Celsius and a target limit of 1.5 degrees Celsius greater than pre-industrial levels. Federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil and/or criminal penalties for non-compliance with greenhouse gas requirements. In addition, states and local governments are undertaking efforts to meet climate goals. Even if limits on greenhouse gas emissions are not directly applicable to us, they could result in increased electricity, fuel or other supply costs that may adversely affect our business. Moreover, some experts believe climate change poses potential physical risks, including an increase in sea level and changes in weather conditions, such as an increase in precipitation

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and extreme weather events. Our operations may be adversely affected by severe weather including tornados, lightning strikes, wind, snow, hail and rain.

We limit the use of chemical pesticides in accordance with our Chemical Pesticide Policy. Any use of chemical pesticides, as defined in our Chemical Pesticide Policy, to address any pest incidents will be disclosed, as stated in that policy, in our annual sustainability report. In any such circumstance we would use, to the extent practicable, the chemical pesticide with the lowest human toxicity, and apply such substance in a manner designed to eliminate or minimize pesticide residue on our products. Chemical pesticide use may cause reputational harm and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. We use biopesticides and biofungicides as a part of an integrated crop management program whereby cultural controls are used to limit pesticide intervention. Biopesticides and biofungicides are only used where no other control step is practicable. We use ethephon-based products, considered organophosphate pesticides by the U.S. EPA, as plant growth regulators to facilitate even ripening of tomatoes on the vine. The federal environmental laws to which our operations are, or may be, subject include the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and regulations thereunder, which regulate pesticides; the Clean Air Act (CAA) and regulations thereunder, which regulate air emissions; the Clean Water Act (CWA) and regulations thereunder, which regulate the discharge of pollutants in industrial wastewater and storm water runoff; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and regulations thereunder, which regulate the management and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes; and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and regulations thereunder, known more commonly as “Superfund,” which impose liability for the remediation of releases of hazardous substances in the environment. We are also subject to regulation under OSHA and regulations thereunder, which regulate the protection of the safety and health of workers. Analogous state and local laws and regulations may also apply.

The unavailability, reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of our operations or other reasons may result in the diminished competitiveness of the CEA facility industry generally or our products in particular. This could materially and adversely affect the growth of the CEA facility markets and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We rely on information technology systems and any inadequacy, failure, interruption or security breaches of those systems may harm our ability to effectively operate our business.

We are dependent on various information technology systems, including, but not limited to, networks, applications, operating systems, and outsourced services in connection with the current and planned operation of our business. A failure of these information technology systems to perform as anticipated could cause our business to suffer. For example, our growers are aided in their work by climate and greenhouse operations software designed by Priva B.V. If this software does not perform as anticipated, our growers may receive inadequate or erroneous information about the condition of the plants being grown, which may result in increased mitigation expenses, waste, additional labor expenses and partial or full loss of the crop.

In addition, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond our control, including fire, natural disasters, systems failures, viruses and security breaches. Any such damage or interruption could negatively impact our business.

A cybersecurity incident or other technology disruptions could negatively impact our business.

We use or plan to use computers, software and technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. We build and operate robotics which rely on these technologies. Our employees also use or plan to use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with crew members, distributors, customers and consumers. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breaches, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Cybersecurity incidents are increasing rapidly in their frequency, sophistication and intensity, with third-party phishing and social engineering attacks in particular increasing in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Our business involves sensitive information and intellectual property, including know-how, private information about crew members and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners.

While we have implemented and plans to implement measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, these preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or

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release of sensitive information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers and distributors, potential liability and competitive disadvantage all of which could negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.

If we are unable to apply technology effectively in driving value for our clients through our technology-based platforms, our operating results, client relationships and growth could be adversely affected.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate and respond effectively to the threat and opportunity presented by digital disruption and developments in technology. These may include new robotics and automation products which we seek to introduce as turnkey CEA technology solutions. We may be exposed to competitive risks related to the adoption and application of new technologies by established market participants (for example, through disintermediation) or new entrants such as technology companies and others. These new entrants are focused on using technology and innovation, including artificial intelligence, to simplify and improve the client experience, increase efficiencies, alter business models and effect other potentially disruptive changes in the industries in which we operate. If we fail to develop and implement technology solutions and technical expertise among our employees that anticipate and keep pace with rapid and continuing changes in technology, industry standards, client preferences and internal control standards, our value proposition and operating efficiency could be adversely affected. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments on a timely and cost-effective basis and our ideas may not be accepted in the marketplace. Additionally, the effort to gain technological expertise and develop new technologies in our business requires us to incur significant expenses. If we cannot offer new technologies as quickly as our competitors, or if our competitors develop more cost-effective technologies or product offerings, we could experience a material adverse effect on our operating results, client relationships, growth and compliance programs.

The loss of any intellectual property could enable other companies to compete more effectively with us.

We own trademarks and other proprietary rights that are important to our business, including our principal trademark, AppHarvest. Our trademarks are valuable assets that reinforce the distinctiveness of our brand to consumers. We believe that the protection of our trademarks, copyrights and domain names is important to our success. We have also invested a significant amount of money in establishing and promoting our trademarked brand. In connection with our acquisition of Root AI, Inc. (now AppHarvest Technology, Inc.), we acquired nine U.S. patent applications, which, if issued, are expected to expire in 2039 to 2041, without taking into account any possible patent term adjustment. We also rely on unpatented proprietary expertise and copyright protection to develop and maintain our competitive position. Our continued success depends, to a significant degree, upon our ability to protect and preserve our intellectual property, including trademarks and copyrights.

We rely on confidentiality agreements and trademark and copyright law to protect our intellectual property rights. These confidentiality agreements with our employees and certain of our consultants, contract employees, suppliers and independent contractors generally require that all confidential information be kept strictly confidential.

We cannot assure you that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights are adequate, that our intellectual property rights can be successfully defended and asserted in the future or that third parties will not infringe upon or misappropriate any such rights. In addition, our trademark rights and related registrations may be challenged in the future and could be canceled or narrowed. Failure to protect our trademark rights could prevent us in the future from challenging third parties who use names and logos similar to our trademarks, which may in turn cause consumer confusion or negatively affect consumers’ perception of our brand and products. We also cannot offer any assurances about which of our patent applications will issue, the breadth of any resulting patent or whether any of the issued patents will be found invalid and unenforceable or will be threatened by third parties. We cannot offer any assurances that the breadth of our granted patents will be sufficient to stop a competitor from developing and commercializing robots, gripping tools and arms, and sensors that would be competitive with one or more of the technologies we are developing. Moreover, intellectual property disputes and proceedings and infringement claims may result in a significant distraction for management and significant expense, which may not be recoverable regardless of whether we are successful. Such proceedings may be protracted with no certainty of success, and an adverse outcome could subject us to liabilities, force us to cease use of certain trademarks or other intellectual property or force us to enter into licenses with others. Any one of these occurrences may negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may be unable to obtain or qualify for government grants and incentives in the future.

We have applied for and received various government grants and incentives in connection with building the Morehead CEA facility, and we may in the future apply for federal and state grants, loans and tax incentives under government programs designed to stimulate the economy and support sustainable agriculture. Our ability to obtain funds or qualify for incentives from government or other sources is subject to availability of funds under applicable programs and approval of our applications to participate in such programs. The application process for these funds and other incentives will likely be highly competitive. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining or qualifying for any of these additional grants, loans and other incentives, and failure to obtain or qualify for these grants, loans and other incentives could have a negative effect on our operating costs and ability to open additional greenhouses.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of net sales and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments involve the useful lives of fixed assets, the valuation of instruments issued for financing and stock-based compensation, and income taxes, among others. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our securities.

Our employees and independent contractors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements, which could negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We are exposed to the risk that our employees and independent contractors may engage in misconduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless or negligent conduct or other activities that violate laws and regulations, including production standards, U.S. federal and state fraud, abuse, data privacy and security laws, other similar non-U.S. laws or laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. In addition, we are subject to the risk that a person or government could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results, including, without limitation, the imposition of significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, integrity oversight and reporting obligations to resolve allegations of non-compliance, imprisonment, other sanctions, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

The COVID-19 pandemic could negatively impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, and variants thereof, governments have implemented significant measures, including closures, quarantines, travel restrictions and other social distancing directives, intended to control the spread of the virus. Companies have also taken precautions, such as requiring employees to work remotely, imposing travel restrictions and temporarily closing businesses. While such measures have been relaxed in certain jurisdictions, to the extent that these restrictions remain in place, additional prevention and mitigation measures are implemented in the future, or there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of these or any other measures to contain, treat, or prevent COVID-19, there is likely to be an adverse impact on global economic conditions and consumer confidence and spending, which could materially and adversely affect our operations and demand for our products.

Although we have not experienced material financial impacts due to the pandemic, the fluid nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainties regarding the related economic impact are likely to result in sustained market turmoil, which could also negatively impact our business, financial condition and cash flows. Although our business is considered an “essential business,” the COVID-19

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pandemic could result in labor shortages, which could result in our inability to plant and harvest crops at full capacity and could result in spoilage or loss of unharvested crops. The impact of COVID-19 on any of our suppliers, distributors, transportation or logistics providers may negatively affect our costs of operation and our supply chain. If the disruptions caused by the COVID- 19 pandemic, including decreased availability of labor, continue despite the increasing availability of vaccines, our ability to meet the demands of distributors and customers may be materially impacted.

Further, the COVID-19 pandemic may impact customer and consumer demand. There may be significant reductions or volatility in consumer demand for our products due to the temporary inability of consumers to purchase these products due to illness, quarantine or financial hardship, shifts in demand away from one or more of our products, decreased consumer confidence and spending, expectations of inflation or pantry-loading activity, any of which may negatively impact our results, including as a result of an increased difficulty in planning for operations and future growing seasons.

The extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration, spread and intensity of the pandemic and the effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 and variants thereof, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict considering the rapidly evolving landscape. As a result, it is not currently possible to ascertain the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. However, if the pandemic continues to persist as a severe worldwide health crisis, the disease could negatively impact our business, financial condition results of operations and cash flows, and may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

Adherence to our values and our focus on long-term sustainability may negatively influence our short- or medium-term financial performance.

Our values are integral to everything we do. We are committed to empowering individuals in Appalachia, driving positive environmental change in the agriculture industry and improving the lives of our employees and the community at large. We may take actions in furtherance of those goals and, therefore, our stockholders over a longer period of time, even if those actions do not maximize short- or medium-term financial results. However, these longer-term benefits may not materialize within the timeframe we expect or at all. For example, we are a public benefit corporation under Delaware law. As a public benefit corporation, we are required to balance the financial interests of our stockholders with the best interests of those stakeholders materially affected by our conduct, including particularly those affected by the specific benefit purpose set forth in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In addition, there is no assurance that the expected positive impact from being a public benefit corporation will be realized. Accordingly, being a public benefit corporation and complying with our related obligations could negatively impact our ability to provide the highest possible return to our stockholders.

As a public benefit corporation, we are required to publicly disclose a report at least biennially on our overall public benefit performance and on our assessment of our success in achieving our specific public benefit purpose. If we are not timely or are unable to provide this report, or if the report is not viewed favorably by parties doing business with us or regulators or others reviewing our credentials, our reputation and status as a public benefit corporation may be harmed.

While not required by Delaware law or the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we elected to have our social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency assessed against the proprietary criteria established by an independent non-profit organization. As a result of this assessment, we have been designated as a “Certified B Corporation.” The term “Certified B Corporation” does not refer to a particular form of legal entity, but instead refers to companies that are certified by an independent non-profit organization as meeting rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency. The standards for Certified B Corporation certification may change over time. These standards may not be appropriately tailored to the legal requirements of publicly traded companies or to the operational requirements of larger companies. Our reputation could be harmed if we lose our status as a Certified B Corporation, whether by our choice or by our failure to meet certification requirements, if that change in status were to create a perception that we are more focused on financial performance and are no longer as committed to the values shared by Certified B Corporations. Likewise, our reputation could be harmed if our publicly reported B Corporation score declines and that created a perception that we have slipped in our satisfaction of the Certified B Corporation standards. Similarly, our reputation could be harmed if we take actions that are perceived to be misaligned with our values.

As a public benefit corporation, our duty to balance a variety of interests may result in actions that do not maximize stockholder value.

As a public benefit corporation, our board of directors has a duty to balance (i) the pecuniary interest of our stockholders, (ii) the best interests of those materially affected by our conduct and (iii) specific public benefits identified in our charter documents. While

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we believe that our public benefit corporation designation and obligations will benefit our stockholders, in balancing these interests the board of directors may take actions that do not maximize stockholder value. Any benefits to stockholders resulting from our public benefit purposes may not materialize within the timeframe we expect or at all and may have negative effects. For example:

We may be unable or slow to realize the benefits we expect from actions taken to benefit our stakeholders, including farmers, employees, suppliers and local communities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline.

As a public benefit corporation, we may be subject to increased derivative litigation concerning our duty to balance stockholder and public benefit interests, the occurrence of which may have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Stockholders of a Delaware public benefit corporation (if they, individually or collectively, own at least 2% of its outstanding capital stock shares of at least $2.0 million in market value) are entitled to file a derivative lawsuit claiming that its directors failed to balance stockholder and public benefit interests. This potential liability does not exist for traditional corporations. Therefore, we may be subject to the possibility of increased derivative litigation, which would require the attention of management and, as a result, may adversely impact management’s ability to effectively execute our strategy. Any such derivative litigation may be costly and have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

We have previously identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness could continue to adversely affect our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our management is likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses identified through such evaluation of those internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

During 2021 and in a connection with the restatement of Novus’ 2020 consolidated financial statements prior to the Business Combination, management re-evaluated the effectiveness of Novus’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Management concluded that Novus’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2020, due to a material weakness in the internal control over financial reporting related to the accounting for complex equity instruments, solely as a result of Novus’s classification of the warrants as a component of equity instead of derivative liabilities and classification of the common stock as a component of equity instead of common stock subject to possible redemption.

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AppHarvest believes that the above identified material weakness was remediated following the Business Combination as the disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting of privately held AppHarvest (as the deemed accounting acquirer) became the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting of the combined company, and the financial reporting and accounting personnel of privately held AppHarvest assumed such roles and responsibilities of the combined company.

There can be no assurance that other material weaknesses will not arise in the future. Any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations or could result in material misstatements in our financial statements, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. Any material weakness could also adversely affect the results of the periodic management evaluations and, to the extent we are no longer an emerging growth company, the annual auditor attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that will be required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Internal control deficiencies could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information which could have an adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.

The valuation of our Private Warrants could increase the volatility in our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements of earnings (loss).

The change in fair value of our Private Warrants is the result of changes in stock price and the number of warrants outstanding at each reporting period. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities represents the mark-to-market fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrants issued in connection with Novus’s IPO. Significant changes in our stock price or number of Private Warrants outstanding may adversely affect our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements operations.

Concentration of ownership among our executive officers, directors and their affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

As of December 1, 2021, our affiliates, executive officers, directors and their respective affiliates as a group beneficially owned approximately 34.6% of our outstanding Common Stock. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise a significant level of control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, appointment and removal of officers, any amendment of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and approval of mergers and other business combination transactions requiring stockholder approval, including proposed transactions that would result in our stockholders receiving a premium price for their shares and other significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in management and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these stockholders.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq.

Our Common Stock and Public Warrants are currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “APPH” and “APPHW,” respectively. If Nasdaq delists our securities from trading on its exchange for failure to meet the listing standards, we and our stockholders could face significant negative consequences including:

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The market price of our securities has been and is likely to be highly volatile, and you may not be able to resell your securities at or above the purchase price. The trading price of our securities has been and is likely to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The following factors, in addition to other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section and included elsewhere in this prospectus, may have a significant impact on the market price of our securities:

In addition, broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our securities, regardless of our actual operating performance, and factors beyond our control may cause our stock price to decline rapidly and unexpectedly. In addition, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. For example, we currently have one such putative class action complaint brought against us. Litigation of this type is expensive and could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

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Litigation or legal proceedings could expose us to significant liabilities and have a negative impact on our reputation or business. For example, we are subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention and adversely impact our business.

From time to time, we may be party to various claims and litigation proceedings. For example, in September 2021, a putative securities class action complaint was filed against us and certain of our officers. The case is still pending. See Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation to our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine-month period ended September 20, 2021, included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information. We evaluate these claims and litigation proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we may establish reserves, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from our assessments and estimates.

Even when not merited, the defense of these lawsuits is expensive and may divert management’s attention, and we may incur significant expenses in defending these lawsuits. The results of litigation and other legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse judgments or settlements in some of these legal disputes may result in adverse monetary damages, penalties or injunctive relief against us, which could negatively impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. Any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could damage our reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.

Furthermore, while we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions as well as caps on amounts recoverable. Even if we believe a claim is covered by insurance, insurers may dispute our entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and, if the insurers prevail, the amount of our recovery.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.

The trading market for our securities will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, market or competitors. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on us. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the price and trading volume of our securities would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our shares of Common Stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our shares of Common Stock would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

A significant portion of our total outstanding shares of Common Stock are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of Common Stock. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of Common Stock and Public Warrants.

To the extent our Warrants are exercised, additional shares of Common Stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales, or the potential sales, of substantial numbers of shares in the public market by our stockholders, subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the termination of applicable lock-up periods, could increase the volatility of the market price of Common Stock or adversely affect the market price of Common Stock.

In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, Novus’s prior registration rights agreement was amended and restated to, among other things, (i) provide our stockholders with three demand registration rights; (ii) provide our stockholders and the initial stockholders of Novus listed on Schedule C of the Business Combination Agreement (the “Novus Initial Stockholders”) customary underwritten takedown rights (subject to customary priorities, minimums, frequency, and quantity limits, cutbacks, deferrals and other terms); and (iii) afford each of our stockholders and the Novus Initial Stockholders, on a pari passu basis, “piggy

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back” registration rights with respect to any underwritten offerings by the other stockholders and by us. The sale or possibility of sale of these additional securities trading in the public market may negatively impact the market price of our securities.

In addition, we have filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act registering the issuance of approximately 17.4 million shares of Common Stock subject to options or other equity awards issued or reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans. Shares registered under this registration statement on Form S-8 will be available for sale in the public market subject to vesting arrangements, exercise of options, settlement of restricted stock units and the expiration of lock-up agreements.

Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on the Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell the Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

We may retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends as a public company in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in the Common Stock unless you sell your shares of Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation designates specific courts as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit the ability of our stockholders to obtain a favorable forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against current or former directors, officers or other employees for breach of fiduciary duty, other similar actions, any other action as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and any action or proceeding concerning the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, any state court located in the State of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware), unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. This provision may limit our stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us and our directors, officers or other employees and may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers and other employees. Furthermore, our stockholders may be subject to increased costs to bring these claims, and the exclusive forum provision could have the effect of discouraging claims or limiting investors’ ability to bring claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable.

In addition, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with one or more actions or proceedings described above, a court could rule that this provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation is inapplicable or unenforceable. In March 2020, the Delaware Supreme Court issued a decision in Salzburg et al. v. Sciabacucchi, which found that an exclusive forum provision providing for claims under the Securities Act to be brought in federal court is facially valid under Delaware law. We intend to enforce this provision, but we do not know whether courts in other jurisdictions will agree with this decision or enforce it. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

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You will be diluted by any exercise of outstanding Warrants and outstanding options as well as settlement of outstanding restricted stock units. In addition, we may issue additional shares of Common Stock or other equity securities convertible into Common Stock without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of the Common Stock.

As of September 30, 2021, we had 13,241,717 Warrants, 2,824,446 options, and 7,669,016 restricted stock units outstanding. The exercise of such Warrants or options, and the settlement of such restricted stock units, will result in dilution of your investment and could negatively impact the market price of our Common Stock.

We may also issue additional shares of Common Stock or other equity securities of equal or senior rank in the future in connection with, among other things, future acquisitions or repayment of outstanding indebtedness, without stockholder approval, in a number of circumstances.

The issuance of additional shares or other equity securities of equal or senior rank would have the following effects:

Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our then current management.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that may delay or prevent an acquisition our company or a change in our management. These provisions may make it more difficult for stockholders to replace or remove members of our board of directors. Because the board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of the management team, these provisions could in turn frustrate or prevent any attempt by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management. In addition, these provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of Common Stock. Among other things, these provisions include:

Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits a person who owns 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. This could discourage, delay or prevent a third party from acquiring or merging with us, whether or not we are desired by, or beneficial to, our stockholders. This could also have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for the Common Stock, including transactions that may be in our stockholders’ best interests. Finally, these provisions establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings. These provisions would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. For more information, see the section titled “Description of Our Securities — Anti-Takeover Provisions.”

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Our status as a public benefit corporation could make an acquisition of our company, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult.

While Delaware common law, as stated in Revlon, Inc. v. MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Inc., and related cases, may impose upon directors of a traditional corporation a duty to maximize short-term stockholder value in certain ‘sale of the company’ transactions, a public benefit corporation board’s decision- making would not be subject to those same constraints. As a public benefit corporation, our board of directors would need to take into account interests other than short-term stockholder value when evaluating a sale, and this balancing of interests may result in accepting a bid that may not maximize short-term stockholder value. This does not mean that, as a public benefit corporation, our board of directors balancing of interests would preclude us from accepting a bid that maximizes short-term stockholder value. Rather, our board of directors would weigh the merits of accepting the short-term value offered by a bid against other options that may generate greater long-term value or have other meaningful effects on those materially affected by our conduct or public benefit purpose and, if appropriate, could accept a bid that does not maximize short-term value. Our board of directors would also be able to reject a bid in favor of pursuing other stakeholder interests or the specified public benefit, to the detriment of stockholders.

In addition, Article VIII of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we shall not, either directly or indirectly, merge or consolidate with or into another entity if, as a result of such merger or consolidation, our capital stock would become, or be converted into or exchange for the right to receive, shares or other equity interests in a domestic or foreign corporation that is not a public benefit corporation or similar entity and the certificate of incorporation (or similar governing document) of which does not contain identical provisions to Article III of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation identifying the public benefit or public benefits, unless we have obtained, in addition to any affirmative vote required by law or by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2∕3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting as a single class. This provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation would require us to obtain a super-majority vote in order to merge or consolidate with an entity that is not a public benefit corporation, which could discourage acquisition offers that may otherwise be beneficial to stockholders.

General Risk Factors

If we fail to retain and motivate members of our management team or other key employees, our business and future growth prospects would be harmed.

Our success and future growth depend largely upon the continued services of our executive officers as well as other key employees. These executives and key employees have been primarily responsible for determining the strategic direction of the business and executing our growth strategy and are integral to our brand, culture and reputation with distributors and others in the industry. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team or other key employees resulting from the hiring or departure of these personnel. The loss of one or more of executive officers, or the failure by the executive team to effectively work with employees and lead the company, could harm our business.

We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, and these expenses may increase even more after we are no longer an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules adopted, and to be adopted, by the SEC and Nasdaq. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time- consuming and costly. The increased costs may increase our net loss. For example, these rules and regulations make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits or incur substantially higher costs to maintain the same or similar coverage as we did prior to becoming a public company. We cannot predict or estimate the amount or timing of additional costs we may incur to comply with these requirements. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as our executive officers.

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Changes in tax laws may materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. For example, U.S. federal tax legislation enacted in 2017, informally referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted many significant changes to the U.S. tax laws. The changes included in the U.S. Tax Act were broad and complex. Future guidance from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to the Tax Act may affect us, and certain aspects of the Tax Act could be repealed or modified in future legislation. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) has already modified certain provisions of the Tax Act. In addition, under the current U.S. presidential administration and in certain proposals under consideration in Congress (which have not yet been enacted), comprehensive federal income tax reform has been proposed, including an increase in the U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate, elimination of certain investment incentives, and a more than doubling of U.S. residual taxation of non-U.S. earnings. While these proposals are likely to change during the legislative process if enacted at all, their impact could nonetheless be significant. Such tax law changes that could have a material adverse impact on us. In addition, it is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the Tax Act, the CARES Act or any newly enacted federal tax legislation.

Additionally, longstanding international tax norms that determine each country’s jurisdiction to tax cross-border international trade are subject to potential evolution. An outgrowth of the original Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project is a project undertaken by the more than 130 member countries of the expanded OECD Inclusive Framework focused on “Addressing the Challenges of the Digitalization of the Economy.” The breadth of this project extends beyond pure digital businesses and is likely to impact all multinational businesses by potentially redefining jurisdictional taxation rights in market countries and establishing a global minimum tax.

While it is too early to assess the overall impact of these potential changes, as these and other tax laws and related regulations are revised, enacted, and implemented, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could have a material adverse impact.

Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may be limited in connection with the business combination or other ownership changes.

We have incurred losses during our history and do not expect to become profitable in the near future, and may never achieve profitability. To the extent that we continue to generate taxable losses, unused losses will carry forward to offset future taxable income, if any, until such unused losses expire, if at all. As of September 30, 2021, we had U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $88.6 million.

Under the Tax Act, as modified by the CARES Act, U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards generated in taxable periods beginning after December 31, 2017, may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such net operating loss carryforwards in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, is limited to 80% of taxable income. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the Tax Act or the CARES Act.

In addition, our net operating loss carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the IRS, and state tax authorities. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), our federal net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may become subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in our ownership. An “ownership change” pursuant to Section 382 of the Code generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of a company’s stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities may be limited as a result of ownership changes, including potential changes in connection with the business combination or other transactions. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. If we earn taxable income, such limitations could result in increased future income tax liability to us and our future cash flows could be adversely affected. We have recorded a valuation allowance related to our net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of the ultimate realization of the future benefits of those assets.

If we fail to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that are applicable to us, our business could be harmed.

We are required to provide management’s attestation on internal controls subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021. The standards required for a public company under

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Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are significantly more stringent than those required of us as a privately held company. Management may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements. If we are not able to implement the additional requirements of Section 404(a) in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may not be able to assess whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of our securities.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, it could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance to the performance of other public companies.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, and have elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards. We expect to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and non-public companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

In addition, we intend to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an emerging growth company, we intend to rely on such exemptions, we are not required to, among other things: (a) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (b) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (c) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and (d) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they deem important.

We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until December 31, 2021. While we will continue to remain an emerging growth company through the end of the 2021 fiscal year and take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, our public float exceeded $700 million as of June 30, 2021 and we will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company as of December 31, 2021. We are required to provide management's attestation on internal controls subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our voting and nonvoting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2021, our public float was greater than $700.0 million and therefore effective December 31, 2021, we will no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company although we will continue to use the scaled disclosures permitted for a smaller reporting company through our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 and plan to begin providing non-scaled larger company disclosure in our first Form 10-Q of the next fiscal year.

We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because it will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

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COMMITTED EQUITY FINANCING

On December 15, 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement with the Selling Stockholder. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to $100 million of shares of our Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the SEC to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of up to 20,143,404 shares of Common Stock, consisting of 197,628 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Stockholder as payment of a commitment fee for its commitment to purchase shares of Common Stock at our election under to the Purchase Agreement, and up to 19,945,776 shares of Common Stock that we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder, from time to time from and after the Commencement Date under the Purchase Agreement.

We do not have the right to commence any sales of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement until the Commencement Date, which is the date on which all of the conditions to the Selling Stockholder’s purchase obligation set forth in the Purchase Agreement have been satisfied, including that the registration statement that includes this prospectus be declared effective by the SEC and the final form of this prospectus is filed with the SEC. From and after the Commencement Date, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period commencing on the Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase a specified amount of shares of Common Stock, not to exceed 20% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount (as defined below) applicable to such purchase, by delivering written notice to the Selling Stockholder between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on any trading day, so long as (i) the closing sale price of our Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to such trading day is not less than $1.00 and (ii) all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior purchases by the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement have theretofore been received by the Selling Stockholder electronically as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

From and after Commencement, we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder. Actual sales of shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our Common Stock and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our company and its operations.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event may we issue to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more than the Exchange Cap of 20,143,404 shares of Common Stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99% of the shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement, unless (i) we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules or (ii) the average price per share paid by the Selling Stockholder for all of the shares of Common Stock that we direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, equals or exceeds $5.11 per share (representing the lower of the official closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement and the average official closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq for the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement, as adjusted pursuant to applicable Nasdaq rules). Moreover, we may not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in the Selling Stockholder beneficially owning shares of Common Stock in excess of the 4.99% Beneficial Ownership Cap.

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder may assign or transfer any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by the parties.

The net proceeds from sales, if any, under the Purchase Agreement, will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder. To the extent we sell shares under the Purchase Agreement, we currently plan to use any proceeds therefrom for working capital and general corporate purposes.

As consideration for the Selling Stockholder’s commitment to purchase shares of Common Stock at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, upon execution of the Purchase Agreement, we issued 197,628 Commitment Shares to the Selling Stockholder.

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The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements were made only for purposes of such agreements and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.

Purchase of Common Stock Under the Purchase Agreement

Purchases

From and after the Commencement Date, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period commencing on the Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase up to a specified maximum amount of shares of Common Stock as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (each such purchase, a “Purchase”) by delivering written notice to the Selling Stockholder between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., New York City time (each, a “Purchase Notice”) on any trading day (each, a “Purchase Date”), so long as:

The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that the Selling Stockholder is required to purchase in any single Purchase under the Purchase Agreement is equal to 20% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount, which is defined as the lowest of:

The per share purchase price of the shares of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in a Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be determined by reference to the VWAP, during the full regular trading hour period on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date, calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, or, if the trading volume threshold calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement is reached during such regular trading hour period, then only during the portion of the regular trading hour period on the applicable Purchase Date prior to the time such volume threshold is reached, the precise commencement and ending times of such period in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Valuation Period”), less a variable discount ranging from 3% to 5%. The applicable discount for a Purchase will depend on the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock purchased by the Selling Stockholder on the applicable Purchase Date for the Purchase and all Additional Purchases effected on the same Purchase Date as such Purchase (as applicable) (such amount, the “Aggregate Daily Purchase Share Amount”) relative to the Purchase Volume Reference Amount.

The resulting per share purchase price of each such Purchase will be equal to:

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Additional Purchases

We may also direct the Selling Stockholder, on the same Purchase Date on which we have properly submitted a Purchase Notice for a Purchase, with respect to which the Purchase Valuation Period has ended prior to 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date (provided all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and Additional Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement theretofore required to have been received by the Selling Stockholder electronically on the applicable settlement date therefor have been so received by the Selling Stockholder in accordance with the Purchase Agreement), to purchase an additional amount of our common stock (each such additional purchase, an “Additional Purchase”) by delivering written notice to the Selling Stockholder (each, an “Additional Purchase Notice”) by no later than 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date, not to exceed 20% of the Purchase Volume Reference Amount applicable to such Additional Purchase.

The per share purchase price for the shares of Common Stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in an Additional Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a Purchase, provided that the VWAP will be measured during the portion of the normal trading hours on the applicable Purchase Date determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement (such period, the “Additional Purchase Valuation Period”).

The resulting per share purchase price of each such Additional Purchase will be equal to:

We may, in our sole discretion, submit multiple Additional Purchase Notices on the same Purchase Date on which we have properly submitted a Purchase Notice for a Purchase and one or more Additional Purchase Notices for an Additional Purchase, with respect to which the Purchase Valuation Period and the Additional Purchase Valuation Period(s), respectively, have each ended prior to 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date (again, provided all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and Additional Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement theretofore required to have been received by the Selling Stockholder electronically on the applicable settlement date therefor have been so received by the Selling Stockholder in accordance with the Purchase Agreement).

The terms and limitations of such multiple Additional Purchases effected on the same Purchase Date will be the same as those for a prior Additional Purchase on the same Purchase Date, and the per share purchase price for the shares of Common Stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in such multiple Additional Purchases pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a prior Additional Purchase on the same Purchase Date, with the exception that the Additional Purchase Valuation Period(s) for each will begin and end at different times and may vary in length of time during normal trading hours on the applicable Purchase Date, as determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.

In the case of the Purchases and Additional Purchases, the purchase price per share will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute the purchase price.

At or prior to 5:30 p.m., New York City time, on the applicable Purchase Date for a Purchase, the Selling Stockholder will provide us with a written confirmation for such Purchase and Additional Purchase, if applicable, setting forth the applicable purchase

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price (both on a per share basis and the total aggregate purchase price) to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of Common Stock purchased by the Selling Stockholder in such Purchase and Additional Purchase, if applicable.

The payment for, against delivery of, shares of Common Stock purchased by the Selling Stockholder in a Purchase and any Additional Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be fully settled within two trading days immediately following the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase and Additional Purchase, as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Conditions to Commencement and Each Purchase

The Selling Stockholder’s obligation to accept Purchase Notices and Additional Purchase Notices that are timely delivered by us under the Purchase Agreement and to purchase shares of our Common Stock in Purchases and Additional Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, are subject to (i) the initial satisfaction, at the Commencement, and (ii) the satisfaction, at the applicable “VWAP Purchase Commencement Time” or “Additional VWAP Purchase Commencement Time” (as such terms are defined in the Purchase Agreement) on the applicable Purchase Date or Additional Purchase Date for each Purchase or Additional Purchase, respectively, after the Commencement Date, of the conditions precedent thereto set forth in the Purchase Agreement, all of which are entirely outside of the Selling Stockholder’s control, which conditions include the following:

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Termination of the Purchase Agreement

Unless earlier terminated as provided in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement will terminate automatically on the earliest to occur of:

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon five (5) trading days’ prior written notice to the Selling Stockholder. We and the Selling Stockholder may also terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time by mutual written consent.

The Selling Stockholder also has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon five (5) trading days’ prior written notice to us, but only upon the occurrence of certain events, including:

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No termination of the Purchase Agreement by us or by the Selling Stockholder will become effective prior to the second (2^nd) trading day immediately following the date on which any pending Purchase has been fully settled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, and will not affect any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement with respect to any pending Purchase, and both we and the Selling Stockholder have agreed to complete our respective obligations with respect to any such pending Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. Furthermore, no termination of the Purchase Agreement will affect the Registration Rights Agreement, which will survive any termination of the Purchase Agreement.

No Short-Selling or Hedging by the Selling Stockholder

The Selling Stockholder has agreed that none of the Selling Stockholder, its officers, its sole member or any entity managed or controlled by the Selling Stockholder or its sole member will engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own account or for the account of any other of such persons or entities, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Stock or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Stock, during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

Prohibition of Other Similar Continuous Equity Offerings

Subject to specified exceptions included in the Purchase Agreement, We are limited in our ability to enter into an agreement to effect an “equity line of credit,” “at-the-market offering,” or “equity distribution program” whereby the Company may issue or sell Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock at a future determined price.

Effect of Sales of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement on our Stockholders

All shares of Common Stock that may be issued or sold by us to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement that are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Stockholder in this offering are expected to be freely tradable. The shares of Common Stock being registered for resale in this offering may be issued and sold by us to the Selling Stockholder from time to time at our discretion over a period of up to 24 months commencing on the Commencement Date. The resale by the Selling Stockholder of a significant amount of shares registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of our Common Stock, if any, to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or none of the shares of our Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of

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the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Common Stock during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period for each Purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, as of the date of this prospectus it is not possible for us to predict the number of shares of Common Stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for those shares, or the actual gross proceeds to be raised by us from those sales, if any. As of December 1, 2021, there were 100,746,628 shares of our Common Stock outstanding, of which 65,938,689 shares were held by non-affiliates. If all of the 20,143,404 shares offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of December 1, 2021, such shares would represent approximately 16.7% of the total number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding and approximately 23.4% of the total number of outstanding shares held by non-affiliates, in each case as of December 1, 2021.

Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may, in our discretion, from time to time after the date of this prospectus and during the term of the Purchase Agreement, direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase shares of our Common Stock from us in one or more Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, for a maximum aggregate purchase price of up to $100,000,000, only 20,143,404 shares of Common Stock (197,628 of which represent the Commitment Shares we issued to the Selling Stockholder upon signing the Purchase Agreement as payment of a commitment fee for the Selling Stockholder’s obligation to purchase shares of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement) are being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus. Assuming all of such 20,143,404 shares were sold to the Selling Stockholder at the maximum 5% discount to the per share price of $5.06 (which represents the lower of the official closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on December 14, 2021, the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement, and the average official closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq for the five consecutive trading days ending on December 14, 2021, the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement, such number of shares would be insufficient to enable us to receive aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of such shares to the Selling Stockholder equal to the Selling Stockholder’s $100,000,000 total aggregate purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement. However, because the market prices of our Common Stock may fluctuate from time to time after the date of this prospectus and, as a result, the actual purchase prices to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for shares of our Common Stock that we direct it to purchase under the Purchase Agreement, if any, also may fluctuate because they will be based on such fluctuating market prices of our Common Stock, it is possible that we may need to issue and sell more than the number of shares being registered for resale under this prospectus to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the Selling Stockholder’s $100,000,000 total aggregate purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement.

If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more shares than are being registered for resale under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to $100 million under the Purchase Agreement, we must first (i) obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules and (ii) file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of any such additional shares of our Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. The number of shares of our Common Stock ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Stockholder is dependent upon the number of shares of Common Stock, if any, we ultimately sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

The issuance of our Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted. Although the number of shares of our Common Stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares of our Common Stock owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares of our Common Stock after any such issuance.

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The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds we would receive from the Selling Stockholder from our sale of shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:

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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

Certain industry data and market data included in this prospectus were obtained from independent third-party surveys, market research, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. All of management’s estimates presented herein are based upon management’s review of independent third-party surveys and industry publications prepared by a number of sources and other publicly available information. All of the market data used in this prospectus involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. We believe that the information from these industry publications and surveys included in this prospectus is reliable. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to shares of our Common Stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholder. All of the Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Stockholder for its own account. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales. We may receive up to $100 million aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from any sales we make to B. Riley Principal Capital pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The net proceeds from sales, if any, under the Purchase Agreement, will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder after the date of this prospectus. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution” elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

We expect to use any proceeds that we receive under the Purchase Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes, including to fund potential future investments and acquisitions of companies that we believe are complementary to our business and consistent with our growth strategy. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses, and the respective amounts we may allocate to those uses, for any net proceeds we receive. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds. Pending our use of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in interest-bearing, investment-grade instruments.

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MARKET INFORMATION FOR SECURITIES AND DIVIDEND POLICY

Market Information

Our Common Stock and Public Warrants are currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “APPH” and “APPHW,” respectively. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, our Common Stock and our Public Warrants were listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “NOVS” and “NOVSW,” respectively. As of December 1, 2021, there were 138 holders of record of the Common Stock and 21 holders of record of our Warrants. We currently do not intend to list the Private Warrants on any stock exchange or stock market.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any dividends on shares of Common Stock. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors,” our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward- looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Please also see the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

AppHarvest was founded on January 19, 2018. Together with its subsidiaries, the Company is an applied agricultural technology company in Appalachia developing and operating some of the world’s largest high-tech indoor farms, which are designed to grow non-GMO produce free of chemical pesticide residues, use primarily rainwater, and produce significantly higher yields than those yields achieved by traditional agriculture on the same amount of land. The Company combines conventional agricultural techniques with cutting-edge technology, including artificial intelligence and robotics, to improve access to nutritious food, farming more sustainably, building a domestic food supply, and increasing investment in Appalachia.

Prior to October 2020, our operations were limited to the “start-up” concerns of organizing and staffing, business planning, raising capital, and acquiring and developing properties for CEA. In October 2020, we partially opened our first CEA facility in Morehead, Kentucky (the “Morehead CEA facility”), which we estimate can cultivate approximately 720,000 tomato plants with an approximate yield of 40 million pounds per year. In January 2021, we harvested our first crop of beefsteak tomatoes. In March 2021, we began harvesting our first crop of tomatoes on the vine. In May 2021, we opened production of the full 60 acres at the Morehead CEA facility. In August 2021, the Morehead CEA facility concluded its first harvest. The completed planting of its second crop was accomplished in September 2021, in preparation for its new growing season. The harvest of the crop commenced in the fourth quarter of 2021.

We have begun construction on four more CEA facilities. Two of the facilities under construction are located in Berea, Kentucky (the “Berea leafy green facility”) and Richmond, Kentucky (the “Richmond tomato facility”). As of the date hereof, construction on the Berea leafy green facility is approximately 60% complete; the Richmond tomato facility is approximately 60% complete. Both CEA facilities are expected to be fully operational by the end of 2022. Groundbreakings for two more CEA facilities occurred in June 2021 in Somerset, Kentucky (the “Somerset facility”) and Morehead, Kentucky (the “Morehead leafy green facility”). The Somerset facility is intended to grow berries, and the Morehead leafy green facility, which is located adjacent to the Morehead CEA facility, is intended to grow leafy greens. The Somerset facility is over 40% complete and expected to be operational by the end of 2022. To incorporate design and other insights we gained from construction of the Berea leafy green facility, and to maintain flexibility in the allocation of capital resources, we have temporarily paused development of the Morehead leafy green facility, with construction now expected to resume in 2022 and be operational in 2023. We expect to have four CEA facilities operational by the end of 2022, with approximately 165 acres under production. We anticipate having nine operational CEA facilities in Appalachia, with approximately 400 acres of aggregate production capacity, by the end of 2025. We intend to continue to work toward a network of 12 CEA facilities by 2025. Our expectations assume that we are, and will be, able to obtain necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms.

For a discussion of our future funding requirements, please refer to the section titled “Risk Factors,” “We will require significant additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, may force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our operations and future growth.”

In April 2021, we acquired Root AI, Inc. (“Root AI”) (now AppHarvest Technology, Inc.), an artificial intelligence and robotics company, including their team with experience in CEA next generation technology. The acquisition of Root AI is expected to provide us with a baseline for harvesting support while helping evaluate crop health, predict yield, and optimize overall operations in existing CEA facilities. The benefits include fully developed technology, in the form of software and hardware, that can be programmed for utilization and optimization and a skilled workforce to assist with ongoing upgrades of the artificial intelligence. With the Root AI Acquisition, we can not only develop CEA technology solutions for internal use, but also for potential sale to customers in the global CEA industry.

The Company is organized as a single operating segment. Substantially all of the assets and operations of the Company are located in the United States.

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Business Combination and Basis of Presentation

We were originally known as Novus Capital Corporation. On January 29, 2021, Novus consummated the Business Combination with Legacy AppHarvest pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement (the “Merger”). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, Legacy AppHarvest changed its name to AppHarvest Operations, Inc. and Novus changed its name from Novus Capital Corporation to AppHarvest, Inc. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization (the “Reverse Recapitalization”). Under this method of accounting, Novus is treated as the “acquired” company and Legacy AppHarvest is treated as the acquirer for financial reporting purposes. The Reverse Recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of Legacy AppHarvest issuing stock for the net assets of Novus, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Novus are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

The consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations included within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus are those of Legacy AppHarvest for all periods presented. However, the equity structure has been recast for all periods presented to reflect the number of shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issued to Legacy AppHarvest stockholders in connection with the Recapitalization Transaction, as that term is defined in the consolidated financial statements. As such, the shares and corresponding capital amounts and losses per share related to Legacy AppHarvest redeemable convertible preferred stock and Legacy AppHarvest common stock prior to the Business Combination have been retroactively recast based on shares reflecting the Exchange Ratio established in the Business Combination. Activity within the Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the issuance of Legacy AppHarvest redeemable convertible preferred stock and SAFE Note conversion also have been retroactively converted to the Company’s common stock.

As a consequence of the Business Combination, we became the successor to an SEC-registered and Nasdaq-listed company, which requires us to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address public company regulatory requirements and customary practices. We expect to incur additional annual expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees and additional internal and external accounting, legal and administrative resources, including increased audit and legal fees.

Upon consummation of the Business Combination and the closing of the concurrent private placement of the 37,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “PIPE”), the most significant change in our reported financial position and results of operations was an increase in cash and cash equivalents (as compared to Legacy AppHarvest’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020) of approximately $435.2 million, including $375.0 million in gross proceeds from the PIPE.

Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

AppHarvest is a new kind of company. We are both a public benefit corporation (“PBC”) and a certified B Corporation because we believe in collective benefit over individual gain. We believe growing healthy fruits and vegetables are good business, and new technologies can deliver clean produce with safer growing methods, which we believe benefits all stakeholders. We are all in this together, for good.

Public benefit corporations are for-profit corporations and, under Delaware law, our directors have a duty to balance the financial interests of stockholders, the best interests of those materially affected by our conduct (including our stockholders, employees, communities, customers and suppliers), and the specific public benefits identified in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation when making decisions. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes three specific public benefit goals:

In early 2021, we launched our first Materiality Assessment with Business for Social Responsibility (“BSR”) to further assess which ESG issues are most important to AppHarvest’s stakeholders and our business success. Our stakeholders include farmers, employees, regional economic development organizations, retailers, sustainability experts at BSR, suppliers, local communities, and our internal senior management and board members.

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While our PBC charter-specific goals broadly relate to our corporate purpose and inform all other ESG efforts, our materiality assessment (which also incorporates Sustainability Accounting Standards Board standards, now the Value Reporting Foundation) and B Lab assessment will drive our specific ESG strategies. Our ESG key performance indicators (“KPIs”) will align with our material issues to measure our progress. Our first full year of operations ending on December 31, 2021 will serve as our baseline year for reporting ESG KPIs.

More information on our key ESG programs, goals and commitments, and key metrics can be found in our 2020 sustainability report, which is available on our website https://www.appharvest.com/. Website references throughout this document are provided for convenience only, and the content on the referenced websites is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

While we believe all of our ESG goals align with our long-term growth strategy and financial and operational priorities, they are aspirational and may change, and there is no guarantee or promise that they will be met.

Morehead Facility

On March 1, 2021, we closed on the Membership Interest Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “MIPSA”) with Equilibrium Controlled Environment Foods Fund, LLC and its affiliates (“Equilibrium”) that we entered into in December 2020, pursuant to which we purchased from Equilibrium 100% of the membership interests in Morehead Farm LLC (“Morehead Farm”). The purchase price for Morehead Farm was approximately $125 million, which was equal to a multiple of Equilibrium’s cost to acquire, develop and construct the Morehead CEA facility. At closing, Morehead Farm, a subsidiary of Equilibrium that owns the Morehead CEA facility, became our wholly owned subsidiary. Concurrent with the closing of the MIPSA, the Master Lease Agreement pursuant to which we leased the Morehead CEA facility from Equilibrium and ancillary agreements related thereto, were terminated.

Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We have expended, and expect to continue to expend substantial resources as we:

Non-GAAP Financial Measure

To supplement our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP measures, such as Adjusted EBITDA, to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. We define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before the impact of interest income or expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude: stock-based compensation, transaction-related costs, reorganization costs, remeasurement of warrant liabilities and certain other non-recurring, non-cash and non-core items. We believe this non-GAAP measure of financial results provides useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. Our management uses this non-GAAP measure for trend analyses and for budgeting and planning purposes.

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We believe that the use of this non-GAAP financial measure provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating projected operating results and trends. Other similar companies may present different non-GAAP measures or calculate similar non-GAAP measures differently. Management does not consider this non-GAAP measure in isolation or as an alternative to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of this non-GAAP financial measure is that it excludes significant expenses that are required to be presented in our GAAP financial statements. Because of this limitation, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including net loss and our other financial results presented in accordance with GAAP.

Key Components of Statement of Operations

Net sales

Prior to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we had not yet generated sales. Substantially all of our net sales are generated from the sale of tomatoes under an agreement with one customer, Mastronardi. Net sales include revenues earned from the sale of our products, less commissions, shipping, distribution and other costs incurred as defined in our customer agreements.

Cost of Goods Sold

Prior to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 we had not incurred cost of goods sold as we did not have operations prior to this period. Cost of goods sold consists of expenses incurred related to the production of inventory sold to customers.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) consist of payroll and payroll related expenses, stock-based compensation, professional services and legal fees, licenses and registration fees, insurance, depreciation, rent and various other personnel and office related costs. SG&A also includes start-up expenses related to pre-commencement commercial activities for tomatoes on the vine at the Morehead CEA facility.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense relates to the depreciation of property and equipment. Property and equipment subject to depreciation consist primarily of a building under a finance lease, machinery and equipment and leasehold improvements.

Development Fee Income from a Related Party

Development fee income represents the amortization of a one-time development fee received by us in May 2019. The fee was for limited oversight services we performed at Equilibrium’s greenhouse construction site in Morehead. The fee was amortized on a straight-line basis, consistent with the level of our services, from date of receipt through October 2020, the date when the Morehead facility reached substantial completion.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily relates to long-term debt to help finance the construction of our CEA facilities. Interest expense from related parties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily relates to the finance lease and financing obligation for the Morehead CEA facility which were settled upon purchase of Morehead Farm on March 1, 2021 and the convertible note that was converted to Common Stock upon completion of the Business Combination on January 29, 2021. See Note 11—Debt to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before the impact of interest income or expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, transaction- related costs, remeasurement of warrant liabilities and certain other non-recurring, noncash and non-core items. See the section titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measure” for more information and a reconciliation of net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:

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Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA:

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Net Sales

Net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $0.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively, compared to $0 for the comparable prior year periods, with the increase due to the sale of tomatoes produced in the abbreviated first planting season at our Morehead CEA facility, which concluded in August 2021. Net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30,

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2021 were adversely impacted by labor and productivity investments associated with the training and development of the new workforce at the Morehead CEA facility. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were also adversely impacted by low market prices for tomatoes. The labor and productivity challenges resulted in lower net sales due to lower overall No. 1-grade production yields, including the impact of higher related distribution and shipping fees. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were also impacted by the lack of production during the tear-out of the first season crop and clean-up of the Morehead CEA facility upon conclusion of the first growing season, as well as planting of the new crop for the second growing season.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $7.5 million and $30.0 million, respectively, compared to $0 for the comparable prior year periods. Cost of goods sold for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was impacted by continued labor and productivity investments associated with the training and development of the new workforce at the Morehead CEA facility. Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2021, also includes costs associated with the summer refresh and planting of the new crop to prepare for the second season.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

SG&A for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $25.4 million and $84.4 million, respectively, compared to $5.7 million and $8.4 million for the comparable prior year periods. The $19.7 million and $75.9 million increases were primarily due to transaction costs related to the Business Combination, stock-based compensation expense, including a one-time charge due to the completion of the Business Combination, payroll and related costs due to higher headcount and professional services and legal fees including accounting and other consulting fees related to becoming a public company and the Root AI acquisition. These costs also include approximately $1.0 million of start-up costs related to the pre-commencement commercial activities for tomatoes on the vine at the Morehead CEA Facility.

Development Fee Income from a Related Party

We recognized development fee income of $0.1 million and $0.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, which represents the amortization of a one-time development fee we received for limited oversight services the Company performed at Equilibrium’s CEA facility construction site in Morehead, Kentucky. The fee was amortized on a straight-line basis, consistent with the timing of our services, from date of receipt through the project completion date in October 2020. We recognized no such income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest Expense

Interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively and was primarily related to the long-term debt established during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 to help finance the construction of the CEA facilities. See Note 11—Debt to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We had zero interest expense for the comparable prior year periods.

Change in Fair Value of Private Warrants

The change in fair value of our Private Warrants is the result of changes in our stock price and the number of warrants outstanding. Due to a decline in our stock price at September 30, 2021 as compared to earlier periods, we generated income in the mark-to-market fair value adjustment relative to our outstanding Private Warrants.

Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was 0.1% and 0.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. We had zero tax expense for the comparable prior year periods. The variance from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to a change in our valuation allowance. There was no income tax expense recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:

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Revenue

We have not generated any revenues through December 31, 2020.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

SG&A for 2020 increased by $13.6 million or 499.8%, from 2019. The increase was primarily due to increased payroll and related expenses of approximately $5.0 million; an increase in professional services, including accounting and other consulting fees related to our preparation to go public, of $5.2 million; an increase in supplies and other start-up costs of $1.2 million; and an increase in software, networking, and office supplies of $0.8 million to support growing operations. These increased costs relate to the increased headcount to support the buildup of our operations, including commencement of commercial production upon substantial completion of the Morehead facility in October 2020 and preparations for becoming a public company. Headcount increased from 15 employees as of December 31, 2019, to 224 employees as of December 31, 2020.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense relates to the depreciation of property and equipment. The increase in depreciation for 2020 compared to 2019 is due to the Morehead facility, including building, machinery and equipment, being placed in service during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Development Fee Income from a Related Party

Development fee income represents the amortization of a one-time development fee received by us in May 2019. The fee was for limited oversight services we performed at Equilibrium’s greenhouse construction site in Morehead, Kentucky. The fee was amortized on a straight-line basis, consistent with the level of our services, from date of receipt through the project completion date in October 2020. The increase in development fee income of $0.1 million, or 16.1%, was primarily due to the year ended December 31, 2020 including ten months of development services versus seven months of development services in the year ended December 31, 2019.

Loss on SAFE Note Revaluation

The loss on SAFE Notes in 2019 represents the expense associated with the increase in value of these financing obligations prior to their conversion to Series A Preferred Stock in March 2019. The SAFE Notes were measured at fair value, determined using a binominal lattice model, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. There was no comparable expense in 2020.

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Interest Expense

Interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily relates to our finance lease and financing obligation for the Morehead facility which were $59.2 million and $54.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020, the $30.0 million Legacy AppHarvest Convertible Notes entered into in September 2020, and the $2.0 million loan entered into in May 2020 with Equilibrium to finance the purchase of equipment for the Morehead Facility. Interest expense in 2019 primarily relates to the mortgage loan between us and Equilibrium used to finance our land purchase in Morehead, Kentucky. The mortgage loan was outstanding for a 29-day period prior to the sale of the land to Equilibrium as part of the overall lease transaction.

Other Income

Other income in 2020 represents primarily interest income on the $4.0 million lease deposit required under the Master Lease Agreement with Equilibrium. This deposit was established in 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $221.6 million as of September 30, 2021. Currently, our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows generated from the successful completion of the Business Combination, the proceeds from debt obtained as described below, and revenues from the sale of our tomatoes. We have incurred losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since our inception in 2018. As of September 30, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $98.9 million.

On June 15, 2021, we entered into a master credit agreement, as amended, with Rabo AgriFinance LLC (the “Lender”) for a real estate term loan in the principal amount of $75.0 million (the “Rabo Loan”). The collateral securing the payment and performance of the obligations under this Rabo Loan consists of a perfected first priority lien on, and security interest in, our Morehead CEA facility, together with associated personal property and fixtures. The Rabo Loan matures on April 1, 2031, with quarterly interest payments commencing on July 1, 2021 and quarterly principal payments, commencing on January 1, 2022, with the remaining balance of principal and interest due upon maturity. Payments are based on one month LIBOR plus 2.500% per annum, subject to adjustment on July 1, 2023 and at the end of each successive two year period. On March 5, 2021, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, confirmed that the publication of most LIBOR term rates will end on June 30, 2023 (excluding 1-week U.S. LIBOR and 2-month U.S. LIBOR, the publication of which will end on December 31, 2021). The Rabo Loan provides that in the event the Lender is unable to determine the applicable LIBOR rate, the Rabo Loan will otherwise bear interest at a rate, per annum, equal to a rate determined by the Lender in the Lender’s reasonable discretion. Management does not believe the anticipated discontinuation will have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

On June 21, 2021, we entered into an interest rate swap with an affiliate of the Lender to make a series of payments based on a fixed rate of 1.602% and receive a series of payments based on LIBOR. Both the fixed and floating payment streams are based on the initial notional amount of $75.0 million and require quarterly payments under a 20-year amortization schedule.

On July 23, 2021, we entered into a credit agreement with CEFF II AppHarvest Holdings, LLC, an affiliate of Equilibrium for a construction loan in the original principal amount of $91.0 million (the “Construction Loan”) for the development of a CEA facility at our property in Richmond, Kentucky (the “Project”). The Construction Loan provides monthly disbursements to fund capital costs of the Project in excess of our required equity contribution of 34.5% of the capital costs of the Project. The Construction Loan requires monthly interest payments based on drawn capital at an initial interest rate of 8.000% per annum, which will increase by 0.2% per annum, beginning two years after closing of the Construction Loan through maturity, which is expected to be July 23, 2024, with no required principal payments until maturity. As of September 30, 2021, we had $13.8 million outstanding on the Construction Loan and had incurred interest expense of $0.1 million, which was all capitalized as part of the asset and included in property, plant and equipment in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

On September 27, 2021, we entered into a promissory note with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., providing for a line of credit facility up to $25.0 million (the “JPM Loan”) for capital expenditures and CEA facility construction and improvements. The JPM Loan matures on September 24, 2022 and has an interest rate that is equivalent to LIBOR plus 2.25%. Management does not believe the anticipated discontinuation of the publication of LIBOR term rates will have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. As of September 30, 2021 we had borrowed $6.9 million and the effective interest rate was 2.375%. The JPM Loan requires 105% of the aggregate borrowings to be held as cash collateral. At September 30, 2021 we had $7.3 million of restricted cash on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet to meet this requirement.

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The large-scale high-tech CEA business is capital-intensive, and we expect to continue to expend significant resources as we continue construction of our next four CEA facilities in Central Appalachia, which include 15 acres at the Berea leafy green facility, 60 acres at the Richmond tomato facility, 30 acres at the Somerset facility, where we will grow berries, and 10 acres at the Morehead leafy green facility. In addition to construction costs, these expenditures are expected to include working capital, costs associated with planting and harvesting, such as the purchase of seeds and growing supplies, and the cost of attracting, developing and retaining a skilled labor force, including local labor. A labor shortage or increased turnover rates within our labor force could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees or contract laborers, and could negatively impact our ability to efficiently operate our CEA facility at full capacity. An overall labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor inflation could have a material adverse impact on our operations, results of operations, liquidity or cash flows. Other unanticipated costs may arise due to the unique nature of the high-tech CEA facilities, and the purchase and development of additional properties for future facilities. We also expect to expend significant resources as we invest in CEA technology, develop value-added products and pursue other strategic investments in the CEA industry.

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand at September 30, 2021 are sufficient to meet our current payroll and working capital requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of this prospectus, as well as our currently planned capital expenditure requirements as we continue to build out additional large-scale high-tech CEA facilities. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements, if any, will depend on many factors, including the timing and costs of completion of our large-scale high-tech CEA facilities. We will plan the timing of completion of our CEA facilities around available funding.

We could potentially use our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect and may incur additional indebtedness to meet future financing needs. Adequate additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, although we anticipate being able to obtain additional financing through non-dilutive means, we may be unable to do so. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed could have significant negative consequences for our business, financial condition and results of consolidated operations. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Summary of Cash Flows

A summary of our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities is presented in the following table:

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Net Cash Used In Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $81.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change of $75.1 million was primarily due to $13.8 million for transaction costs related to the Business Combination, net losses incurred in the operation of our Morehead CEA facility through its first harvest, payment of utility and hedge program deposits, higher payroll and related costs driven by increased headcount, and professional services and legal fees including accounting and other consulting fees related to becoming a public company.

Net cash used in operating activities was $13.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to a net loss of $17.4 million adjusted by $1.4 million in interest accrual on financing with related parties, a $3.0 million increase in inventory, offset by the return of a $4.0 million lease deposit that had been held

by Equilibrium for the purpose of securing our obligations under the Master Lease Agreement related to our Morehead facility and a $3.1 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Net cash used in operating activities was $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 due to net loss of $2.7 million adjusted by $0.1 million in stock compensation expense, a $0.3 million revaluation of SAFE Notes to market value, a $0.3 million

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increase in accounts payable, and an increase of $0.4 million in deferred income, offset by a payment of a $4.0 million lease deposit to Equilibrium for the purpose of securing our obligations under the Master Lease Agreement related to our Morehead facility.

Net Cash Used In Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $250.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change of $239.4 million was primarily due to $123.0 million for the purchase of the Morehead CEA facility pursuant to the MIPSA with Equilibrium that we completed on March 1, 2021, $112.9 million for purchases of property and equipment primarily related to construction of our Richmond, Berea, and Somerset CEA facilities, $9.8 million for the Root AI Acquisition on April 7, 2021, and $5.0 million for an investment in an unconsolidated entity.

Cash used in investing activities was $35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing purchases of property and equipment, principally the purchases of property and equipment to continue the build out of the Morehead facility, as well land purchased for development in Richmond and Berea.

Cash used in investing activities was $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing purchases of property and equipment, principally the purchase of land in Morehead.

Net Cash from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $538.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $65.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change of $473.8 million included proceeds of approximately $448.5 from the Business Combination and $94.7 million in net proceeds from short and long-term debt issuance, partially offset by a financing obligation payment of $2.1 million to Equilibrium as part of our purchase of the Morehead CEA facility.

Cash from financing activities was $64.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, reflecting $32.0 million in borrowings from the Legacy AppHarvest Convertible Notes and $32.9 million in net proceeds from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Cash from financing activities was $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, reflecting $3.8 million in borrowings from a land mortgage loan and related financing and $11.0 million in net proceeds from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations consist primarily of operating leases which impact our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital needs. The table below is presented as of September 30, 2021.

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The table above does not include the contractual obligations related to our Morehead financing obligation or Morehead lease, as concurrent with the closing of the MIPSA on March 1, 2021, the Master Lease Agreement and ancillary agreements related thereto were terminated. The table above also does not include amounts related to the construction of our Richmond and Berea CEA facilities, as the timing and amounts of future expenditures are currently unknown.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2021, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on our knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Stock-Based Compensation and Private Warrants

We recognize in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss the grant-date fair value of stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees and directors. Our stock options and RSU’s are subject to service-based vesting conditions. Our RSUs are also subject to performance- based vesting conditions that were satisfied upon completion of the Business Combination. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the associated service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term. We recognize forfeitures of awards as they occur.

We account for our Private Warrants in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, under which we have determined that the Private Warrants are recognized as liabilities at fair value and subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until exercised. Changes in fair value of the Private Warrants are recognized in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair value of the Private Warrants is estimated at each measurement date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model.

We estimate the fair value of our stock option awards and Private Warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the Common Stock, expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends.

Fair Value of Common Stock — Historically, as there had been no public market for our Common Stock, the fair value of the Common Stock for stock-based awards was determined by the board of directors based in part on valuations of the Common Stock prepared by a third-party valuation firm. Since the closing of the Business Combination our board of directors will determine the fair value of each share of Common Stock underlying stock-based awards based on the closing price of our Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq on the date of the grant. For the Private Warrants, the fair value of the Common Stock is based upon historical values.

Expected Term — The expected term of the options represents the average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. As we do not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior, the expected term of options granted is derived from the average midpoint between the weighted average vesting and the contractual term, also known as the simplified method. For the Private Warrants, the expected term is the time from transaction date to expiration in years.

Expected Volatility — As we were not a public company before the closing of the Business Combination, and did not have any trading history for Common Stock, the expected volatility for stock- based awards was based on the historical volatility of the Common Stock of comparable publicly traded companies. Since the closing of the Business Combination our expected volatility is based on the trading history for our Common Stock. For the Private Warrants, the volatility is based on the implied volatility of other comparable Special Purpose Acquisition Company (“SPAC”) warrants.

Risk-Free Interest Rate — The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes as of the grant date with maturities commensurate with the expected term of the awards.

Expected Dividends — The expected dividends assumption is based on the expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future; therefore, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.

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The grant date fair value for our stock options granted in 2020 and 2019 were based on the following assumptions used within the Black-Scholes option pricing model:

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Assumptions used in applying the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of stock options granted and Private Warrants issued involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if factors or expected outcomes change and significantly different assumptions or estimates are used, our equity-based compensation and Private Warrant liabilities could be materially different.

Fair Value of Common Stock

In connection with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we reexamined the valuation of the Common Stock. In connection with that reexamination, we prepared retrospective appraisals of the fair value of the Common Stock for financial reporting purposes for the periods prior to July 2020. Prior to this reexamination, the contemporaneous valuations were prepared to comply with Section 409A of the Code. As a result, the contemporaneous valuations were not performed under the fair value framework as set forth under Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) and did not take into account the guidance provided in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ (“AICPA”) Technical Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. Accordingly, the contemporaneous valuations had limited value for purposes of financial reporting under U.S. GAAP. Therefore, in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, we re-assessed the fair value of the Common Stock for financial reporting purposes by having retrospective valuations performed in accordance with the fair value framework under ASC 820 and the AICPA Technical Practice Aid. We believe that the valuation methodologies used in the retrospective valuations are reasonable and consistent with the AICPA Practice Aid.

For the retrospective valuations, we used the option-pricing method (“OPM”). Under the OPM, shares are valued by creating a series of call options with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences and conversion terms of each equity class. The estimated fair values of the preferred and the Common Stock are inferred by analyzing these options. Specifically, we used the OPM backsolve method to estimate the fair value of the Common Stock, which derives the implied equity value for the Common Stock from a contemporaneous transaction involving the issuance of our preferred stock. We used the OPM back solve method because we were at an early stage of development and future liquidity events were difficult to forecast. We applied a discount for lack of marketability to account for a lack of access to an active public market.

In connection with the grants of stock-based awards in July 2020 through December 2020, we obtained contemporaneous valuations of our Common Stock. We used a hybrid probability-weighted expected return method (“hybrid PWERM”). Under the hybrid PWERM, the value of the Common Stock is estimated based upon an analysis of future values for us assuming various possible future liquidity events. Share value is based upon the probability-weighted present value of expected future net cash flows, considering each of the possible future events, as well as the rights and preferences of each share class. In our application of the hybrid PWERM, two scenarios are considered: a “favorable exit” or “merger” scenario and a “remain private” scenario. The option-pricing method (“OPM”) is used to allocate value in the “remain private” scenario. Under the OPM, shares are valued as a series of call options with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences and conversion terms of each equity class. In the July 2020 valuation of the Common Stock, we used the hybrid PWERM to back solve to the contemporaneous Series C preferred stock financing. We applied an incremental discount for lack of marketability to the Common Stock. The grants of stock-based awards in July 2020 through December 2020 contain a performance and service vesting condition. Vesting of these stock-based awards is dependent upon a liquidity event, which had not occurred at December 31, 2020. Accordingly, we have not recognized any stock-based compensation related to these stock-based awards as of December 31, 2020.

After the closing of the Business Combination, our board of directors will determine the fair value of each share of Common Stock underlying stock-based awards based on the closing price of our Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq on the date of grant.

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Emerging Growth Company Status and Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act and have elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards. We expect to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and non-public companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

In addition, we intend to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an emerging growth company, we intend to rely on such exemptions, we are not required to, among other things: (a) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (b) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (c) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and (d) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.

We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until December 31, 2021. While we will continue to remain an emerging growth company through the end of the 2021 fiscal year and take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, our public float exceeded $700 million as of June 30, 2021 and we will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company as of December 31, 2021. We are required to provide management's attestation on internal controls subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our voting and non-voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2021, our public float was greater than $700.0 million and therefore effective December 31, 2021, we will no longer qualify as a smaller reporting company although we will continue to use the scaled disclosures permitted for a smaller reporting company through our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021 and plan to begin providing non-scaled larger company disclosure in our first Form 10-Q of the next fiscal year.

Recent Accounting Guidance

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standard setting bodies that we adopt as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations under adoption.

See (i) Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and (ii) Note 3 – New Accounting Pronouncements to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, both appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect on us.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks

Foreign Currency Risk

While substantially all of our business is conducted in the United States, we purchase inventory and equipment from suppliers in Europe. As a result, we are exposed to risk from fluctuations in exchange rate between the Euro and the U.S. dollar. As we expand our operations in conjunction with receipt of the proceeds of the Business Combination, including the proceeds from the PIPE, to include building our own large- scale high-tech CEA facilities, our exposure to risk from fluctuations in exchange rate between the Euro and the U.S. dollar will increase.

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BUSINESS

Overview

AppHarvest was founded on January 19, 2018. Together with our subsidiaries, we are an applied agricultural technology company in Appalachia developing and operating some of the world’s largest high-tech indoor farms, which are designed to grow non-GMO produce free of chemical pesticide residues, use primarily rainwater, and produce significantly higher yields than those yields achieved by traditional agriculture on the same amount of land. AppHarvest combines conventional agricultural techniques with cutting-edge technology, including artificial intelligence and robotics, to improve access to nutritious food, farming more sustainably, building a domestic food supply, and increasing investment in Appalachia.

We are also committed to the communities where we operate by providing compelling, long-term career opportunities to the local workforce as well as partnering with educational institutions, such as the University of Kentucky and local high schools and technical schools, to create programs that benefit students, researchers, and our own operations. At AppHarvest, our goal is to lay the foundation for Appalachia to become the AgTech capital of North America.

Our commitment to Appalachia is driven by the personal connection of AppHarvest’s leadership, including Jonathan Webb, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, to the area. As a proud Kentucky native, Mr. Webb has developed deep relationships within the Appalachian community that include civic leaders, strategic vendors and suppliers, and local and state elected officials. Our deep connection to the local community has been instrumental in facilitating our growth and development.

AppHarvest also has a refined geographic strategy in place designed to impart immediate as well as long-term benefits. Central Appalachia presents multiple strategic advantages for AppHarvest, including access to an abundant and hard-working labor force, beneficial climate patterns that allow all, or substantially all, of our water requirements to be supplied naturally by rainfall, and geographic proximity to approximately 70% of all U.S. households within a one-day drive.

AppHarvest is a mission-driven organization with an ethos rooted in sustainability and environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) principles. Our leadership team and employees share a deeply-held belief that, as an organization, we are responsible to multiple stakeholders, including our workers, our community, our customers, our environment, and our stockholders. AppHarvest is a public benefit corporation, which underscores our commitment to our mission and stakeholders. In addition, we elected to have our social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency assessed against the proprietary criteria established by an independent non-profit organization. As a result of this assessment, AppHarvest was designated as a Certified B Corporation in December 2019. As of November 15, 2021, we are one of six publicly traded Certified B Corporations in the United States.

Prior to October 2020, our operations were limited to the “start-up” concerns of organizing and staffing, business planning, raising capital, and acquiring and developing properties for Controlled Environment Agriculture (“CEA”). In October 2020, we partially opened our first CEA facility in Morehead, Kentucky (the “Morehead CEA facility”), which we estimate can cultivate approximately 720,000 tomato plants with an approximate yield of 40 million pounds per year. In January 2021, we harvested our first crop of beefsteak tomatoes. In March 2021, we began harvesting our first crop of tomatoes on the vine. In May 2021, we opened production of the full 60 acres at the Morehead CEA facility. In August 2021, the Morehead CEA facility concluded its first harvest. The completed planting of its second crop was accomplished in September 2021, in preparation for its second growing season. The harvest of the new crop commenced in the fourth quarter of 2021.

We have begun construction on four more CEA facilities. Two of the facilities under construction are located in Berea, Kentucky (the “Berea leafy green facility”) and Richmond, Kentucky (the “Richmond tomato facility”). As of the date hereof, construction on the Berea leafy green facility is approximately 60% complete; the Richmond tomato facility is approximately 60% complete. Both CEA facilities are expected to be fully operational by the end of 2022.

Groundbreakings for two more CEA facilities occurred in June 2021 in Somerset, Kentucky (the “Somerset facility”) and Morehead, Kentucky (the “Morehead leafy green facility”). The Somerset facility is intended to grow berries, and the Morehead leafy green facility, which is located adjacent to the Morehead CEA facility, is intended to grow leafy greens. The Somerset facility is over 40% complete and expected to be operational by the end of 2022.

To incorporate design and other insights we gained from construction of the Berea leafy green facility and to maintain flexibility in the allocation of capital resources, we have temporarily paused development of the Morehead leafy green facility, with construction now expected to resume in 2022 and be operational in 2023.

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We expect to have four CEA facilities operational by the end of 2022, with approximately 165 acres under production. We anticipate having nine operational CEA facilities in Appalachia, with approximately 400 acres of aggregate production capacity, by the end of 2025. We intend to continue to work toward a network of 12 CEA facilities by 2025. Our expectations assume that we are, and will be, able to obtain necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms.

To optimize our production capabilities, innovate on sustainability measures, and deliver on our goal of establishing AppHarvest as a leader within CEA, we are committed to developing and sourcing the most advanced technology available, especially in the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence, and automation. As part of these efforts, AppHarvest has empowered its subsidiary, AppHarvest Technology, Inc. (“AppHarvest Technology”), to design and sell new technology products to the broader agricultural market.

AppHarvest Technology also identifies and partners with other industry-leading agricultural technology companies to deliver a competitive advantage for AppHarvest’s operations. By building new products and enabling and enhancing partnerships between AppHarvest and leading agricultural tech companies, we leverage each other’s expertise and unlock new efficiencies and capabilities. Presently, these efforts are focused on two primary initiatives: A harvesting robot; and a cloud-based enterprise software system to enhance visibility into labor management and quality control within CEA facilities.

Agriculture’s Current Challenges and Our Opportunity

Agriculture’s challenges today are wide-reaching and accelerating. The World Bank forecasts that global food production will need to increase by approximately 50% or more by 2050 to feed the growing global population. Inclusive of vine crops, the USDA predicts that the total annual value of domestic fruit, vegetable, and nut production will exceed $66 billion by 2029, a $14 billion annual increase over the 2020 annual value. In 2020, vegetable production accounted for approximately 41% of total farm value (or approximately $21.5 billion), with fresh use vegetables comprising approximately 32% of the market (or approximately $6.9 billion). Tomatoes are the second most popular fresh market produce in the United States. Per capita consumption of fresh tomatoes has grown to approximately 21 pounds per year, approximately 75% higher than it was nearly four decades ago. The USDA attributes this growth primarily to changing consumer preferences and a shift towards a healthier diet and overall lifestyle.

Domestically, the increasing demand for fresh fruits and vegetables has necessitated significant imports of produce into the United States. In 2020, the cumulative value of these imports grew by 13%. The majority of America’s supply of fresh tomatoes and other vine crops, including cucumbers, bell peppers, and eggplants, are imported. In 2019, 60% of fresh tomatoes for sale in the United States were imported, up from 41% in 2009. Imports of eggplant accounted for 56% of supply in 2019, up from 43% in 2009. Meanwhile, 66% of bell peppers and 81% of cucumbers were imported in 2019, up from 46% and 56%, respectively, in 2009. Over approximately the last three decades, the United States’ reliance on imports has more than doubled. The country’s single largest import partner is Mexico, which comprises 75% of US fresh vegetable imports.

Percentage of Crops Imported:

A continued reliance on imports puts the U.S. food supply at risk from both natural and politically destabilizing events. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted this risk. During the pandemic, the supply chain has been disrupted and food imports are, at times, delayed or even cancelled.

A reduced or delayed supply of produce can have a pronounced impact on grocers, which generally operate on thin financial margins. A consistent and reliable supply chain is vital to the grocery retail industry, which attempts to match closely the perishable supply of produce to near-term customer demand. We believe that CEA, which provides more reliable, sustainable, and higher quality produce, produced in accordance with much higher food safety standards, is an optimal solution for the grocery industry’s reliance on imports, and that there will be a strong preference among distributors and grocers to shift from imports to CEA as more supply becomes available from CEA.

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Demand for sustainable farming and new CEA infrastructure has been amplified by the effects of climate change and other environmental factors. Historically, California and Mexico have produced a majority of the fresh produce sold to consumers in the United States; imports from Mexico comprise more than half the U.S. tomato market. Unsustainable farming practices, structural changes in water resources, and an over-reliance on chemicals, which can be harmful to people in a variety of ways, have degraded large swaths of arable land. Globally, approximately one-third of arable land is estimated to be at least partially degraded. This could increase to more than 90% of arable land unless there is a significant shift in farming practices and infrastructure.

In addition, shifting weather patterns believed to be the result of climate change are accelerating the threat to existing agricultural regions. Reduced rainfall and increasingly hot conditions in certain growing regions are increasing the demand for, and consumption of, irrigation water. Two-thirds of Mexico is arid or semi-arid, with annual rainfalls of less than 500 millimeters. California’s Public Policy Institute estimates that 500,000 to 780,000 acres would need to lie fallow for the state’s natural aquifers to re-balance. AppHarvest’s facilities are well positioned take advantage of Kentucky’s relatively high precipitation levels by capturing and recycling rainfall in large on-site retention ponds at our Morehead CEA facility and other planned CEAs, to meet our ongoing irrigations needs.

We believe that CEA is the global solution to address the rising demand for fresh fruits and vegetables, to offset the declining availability of high-quality farmland, and to mitigate the effect of climate change on agriculture. By using leading-edge technology, we expect, at full production capacity, to be able to grow up to 30 times more produce on a single indoor acre compared to a single, traditionally farmed outdoor acre. This belief is based on third-party research and publications stating that produce grown in CEA facilities can yield anywhere from 20 to 50 times as much as traditional farming on the same amount of land. CEA allows for systematic measurements and tailoring of important variables on a per-crop level, such as nutrient levels, temperature, humidity, and irrigation. CEA generally benefits from potential year-round optimal farming conditions, whereas open field farming and traditional greenhouses have more limited growing seasons.

We also believe that AppHarvest is positioned to become a global leader in the CEA industry. We are one of only a few publicly traded companies focused on CEA-enabled food production in the United States. Our CEA facilities in Appalachia are designed to maximize the sustainability and efficiency of our operations. For example, our ability to farm using captured rainwater not only decreases our impact on the environment, but eliminates the high cost of water. Captured rainwater also allows us to avoid harmful agricultural runoff, a major polluter of U.S. waterways. Our geographic proximity to the markets we serve reduces the fuel needed to transport our fruits and vegetables to customers, thereby reducing the environmental impact of distributing our products. Relative to growers in California and Mexico, we estimate we can distribute our products using up to 80% less fuel and with an extended shelf life and less spoilage due to a shorter time spent in transit.

Our Solution

The key components to our strategy include:

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Morehead CEA Facility

The Morehead CEA facility, which partially opened in October 2020, is among the world’s largest greenhouses at 60 acres (approximately 2.8 million square feet). Its suite of cutting-edge technology includes:

Development Pipeline

Shortly after the partial opening of the Morehead CEA facility in October 2020, AppHarvest purchased two additional properties, the Richmond tomato facility and the Berea leafy green facility, both of which we anticipate will be operational by the end of 2022. In the second quarter of 2021, AppHarvest began construction of the Somerset and Morehead leafy green facility. The Somerset facility is expected to be operational by the end of 2022.

As we strive to maintain flexibility with respect to the allocation of our capital resources, we have paused the Morehead leafy green facility until additional financing sources are secured. We plan to continue developing and opening additional facilities throughout Central Appalachia and anticipate that we will have nine operational CEA facilities in Appalachia, with approximately 400 acres of aggregate production capacity, by the end of 2025.

We operate a direct-to-consumer ecommerce platform that currently sells four value-add food products, made using AppHarvest tomatoes: mild salsa bundle (three jar pack); medium salsa bundle (three jar pack); spicy salsa bundle (three jar pack); and variety pack (three jar pack, one of each type). We use the Shopify platform to manage our ecommerce business and Bluegrass Integrated Communications for our logistics and storage needs. We currently ship domestically to customers in the U.S. and will likely ship internationally in the future. We may also sell non-food items in the future.

We are developing a portfolio of value-add food products that use excess/surplus AppHarvest produce and feature AppHarvest produce as the primary ingredient. We currently sell our line of salsas (mild, medium, and spicy) that use AppHarvest tomatoes via our ecommerce channel. We are developing several additional products to launch next year and will continue to build our portfolio as we launch new farms and different types of produce. Our channel strategy for value-add products includes ecommerce, food service, and retail.

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Our Strengths

Industry Leading Position with an Early Mover Advantage

Our Morehead CEA facility, combined with our in-development greenhouses in Richmond, Berea, Morehead, and Somerset, position us among the largest CEA growers in the United States. Our current production acreage is growing beefsteak tomatoes, tomatoes on the vine, and Campari tomatoes. We plan to expand into leafy greens and berries. AppHarvest is also employing a “go-to-market” strategy through our partnership with Mastronardi, which should enable us to build customer awareness and brand loyalty for future fruits, vegetables, and other value-add products.

Skilled Integrator of Proven Technologies

Our development and technology teams are highly skilled in applied agricultural technology. In many instances, the right technology to maximize crop yields sustainably already exists in the marketplace. The Netherlands, for example, has long relied on high-tech CEA facilities for domestic fruit and vegetable production and is the world’s second-largest agricultural exporter despite a land mass roughly one-third the size of Kentucky. To this end, we are working directly with companies that have been successful in the Netherlands, as well as construction firms with experience building these types of structures.

Strategic Partnerships with Important Industry Participants

To aid us in accomplishing our objectives, we have pursued partnerships with select third parties to allow us to focus our capital and resources in areas that maximize value for our Company and shareholders.

Mastronardi

Mastronardi is our exclusive marketing and distribution partner for all fresh fruits and vegetables grown in Kentucky and West Virginia, including tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, berries, and/or all leafy greens that meet certain quality standards. Mastronardi is the leading marketer and distributor in North America of tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, berries, and leafy greens (collectively, the “Products”). Mastronardi has an extensive and long-established retail network and is nationally recognized under the primary SUNSET® brand and other brands, including Campari®, Angel Sweet®, Flavor Bombs®, Sugar Bombs® tomatoes and WOW™ berries. Through our partnership, we receive immediate access to a large and coveted customer base. Our produce is currently available for sale in the produce aisles of some grocers.

Pursuant to our Agreement with Mastronardi, Mastronardi is the sole and exclusive marketer and distributor of all Products of our Morehead CEA facility. Under the terms of this Mastronardi Morehead Agreement, AppHarvest is responsible for growing, producing, packing and delivering all Products to Mastronardi, and Mastronardi is responsible for marketing, branding, and distributing our Products to its customers.

Mastronardi has agreed to sell our Products at market prices consistent with the best and highest prices available throughout the applicable growing season for similar USDA Grade No. 1 products. Mastronardi will set the market price for the Products and will pay over to AppHarvest the gross sale price of the Products it sells, less a marketing fee and its costs incurred in the sale and distribution of the Products. If Mastronardi rejects, returns, or otherwise refuses Products for failure to meet certain quality standards, AppHarvest has the right, at its cost and expense, to sell or otherwise dispose of the Products, subject to certain conditions. AppHarvest has developed options for generating revenue from any such Products, including by selling them to secondary distribution outlets and using them to create value-added products.

If AppHarvest expands the growing acreage or operations of any of its existing facilities in Kentucky or West Virginia, Mastronardi has a right of first refusal to be the exclusive distributor of any produce arising as a result of such expansion for the greater of ten years from the date of first commercial production of the additional products or the remainder of the term of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement. In the event AppHarvest or its affiliates operate a new facility in Kentucky or West Virginia, Mastronardi has the right to deem such “New Grower Facility” to be under an agreement with Mastronardi on the same material terms and conditions of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement for a period of ten years. In December 2020, Mastronardi elected to deem AppHarvest’s new facilities in Richmond and Berea as New Grower Facilities.

The initial term of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement is ten years, beginning on the date of the commercial harvest of AppHarvest’s first crop. After the initial term, the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement renews automatically for additional one-year

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terms unless terminated by either party by written notice not later than 240 calendar days prior to the end of the applicable term. Either AppHarvest or Mastronardi can terminate the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement if the other party is subject to certain bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings; or if the other party is in breach of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement and the breach remains uncured for a specified period. AppHarvest’s obligation to deliver timely Products to Mastronardi and to maintain exclusivity is not subject to cure.

Mastronardi has the exclusive right to sell and market all fresh fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, berries and/or leafy greens, grown by AppHarvest in Kentucky and West Virginia for an initial term of 10 years from each facility’s first commercial harvest. If Mastronardi declines to exercise its right of first refusal, AppHarvest has the right to contract with unaffiliated third parties that are industry recognized bona fide marketers for distribution of such produce. Sale transactions would be at market price, less the marketing fee and costs incurred in the sale and distribution of Products. Outside of Kentucky and West Virginia, AppHarvest has agreed not to compete with Mastronardi, including growing fresh produce in a new facility outside of Kentucky and West Virginia in an area in which it would be competing with Mastronardi, for a period of ten years that commences on the date of the first commercial harvest from the Morehead CEA Facility and also runs for ten years, measured from the latest date of a first commercial harvest from a facility deemed to be a New Grower Facility by Mastronardi under the terms of the Mastronardi Morehead Agreement. AppHarvest has also agreed not to solicit any employee of Mastronardi or its affiliates without Mastronardi’s written consent during the term of each applicable Mastronardi purchase and marketing agreement, and for a period thereafter.

Dalsem and Havecon

Dalsem is a highly regarded manufacturer and developer of end-to-end, high-tech greenhouse projects. The company has more than 85 years of experience and is perceived as a pioneer and an innovator within the industry. We selected Dalsem as our construction partner for our ,first CEA facility in Morehead, Kentucky, pursuant to an engineering, procurement and construction agreement. We have also entered into a direct contractual relationship with Dalsem for the construction of our new CEA facilities in Richmond and Berea, Kentucky.

Havecon is a designer and manufacturer of greenhouse horticulture projects. AppHarvest selected Havecon to build its facility in Somerset, Kentucky, because of its industry know-how, years of experience, strong reputation, network of industry partners, and expected ability to complete the project quickly and on time.

Our relationships with Dalsem and Havecon present potential long-term advantages, including reducing the risk associated with construction, such as the availability of certain inputs and materials for the facilities, and favorable construction timelines.

Rabo AgriFinance

In June 2021, AppHarvest secured a $75 million credit facility with Rabo AgriFinance, a leading financial services provider for agricultural producers and agribusinesses in the United States. Under the terms of the facility, we entered into a 60% loan-to-value mortgage at an anticipated fixed rate of between 4 to 5% for 10 years, with amortization of debt over 20 years for the Morehead CEA facility. Rabo AgriFinance is a subsidiary of Rabobank, a premier bank to the global agriculture industry and one of the world’s largest and strongest banks.

JPMorgan

In September 2021, AppHarvest entered a $25 million cash-backed credit facility with JP Morgan based on its third high-tech, 30-acre indoor farm under construction in Somerset, Kentucky, which broke ground in June 2021. This CEA facility is intended to grow berries. Proceeds from the 364-day credit facility, which is priced at LIBOR plus 225 basis points, will be applied toward capital expenditures and improvements, including construction of the company’s fourth high-tech indoor farm.

Experienced and Passionate Team

AppHarvest is a mission-driven company led by highly committed and passionate professionals. Our founder and Chief Executive Officer, Jonathan Webb, is a Kentucky native with more than a decade of experience focused on sustainable infrastructure. Prior to founding AppHarvest in 2018, Mr. Webb led a public-private partnership on behalf of the Department of Defense, developing what was then the largest solar project in the southeastern United States. At AppHarvest, Mr. Webb has used his experience in renewable infrastructure to create a CEA platform in North America.

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In January 2021, David Lee, an existing member of the board of directors of AppHarvest, joined the Company to serve as President. Prior to joining AppHarvest, Mr. Lee was the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Impossible Foods, where he led strategy and operations as the company evolved from a startup into the scaled food company they are today. Prior to Impossible Foods, Mr. Lee held executive leadership positions at several companies, including Del Monte Foods, where he helped restructure the business concurrent with KKR’s acquisition of the company. Additionally, AppHarvest has a talented roster of senior executives, including Loren Eggleton, Chief Financial Officer; Derek Lyons, General Counsel; Julie Nelson, Executive Vice President for Operations; Josh Lessing, Chief Technology Officer; Jackie Roberts, Chief Sustainability Officer; and Dave Nichols, Head of Strategy.

AppHarvest has attracted a highly experienced “grow team” to operate our greenhouses. Our senior growers have, on average, more than 25 years of experience managing growing operations. We also have a construction management and development team with extensive experience in complex, large scale, multi-site, and global projects.

ESG Company

AppHarvest has an authentic and overarching commitment to sustainability, ESG, and social impact. Our Certified B Corporation certification recognizes our commitment to our stakeholders, including our employees, community, environment, customers, and stockholders. We believe we present a unique and a compelling opportunity for the growing number of investors who share our dedication to sustainability and a broader set of ESG principles.

We have also been certified by an independent non-profit organization as meeting rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency. We are proud of our achievements to date, including:

We believe we also have an opportunity to impact how the regional power grid evolves. As we grow and need more power, we are committed to catalyzing new renewable energy sources in our market. We believe that when corporations insist upon completely renewable energy, market forces will drive suppliers to provide electrical energy with a reduced carbon footprint. As a member of the Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance (“REBA”), a community of energy buyers seeking to accelerate a zero-carbon energy future, we also benefit from REBA resources as we strive to operate on renewable energy.

We aim not only to transform the Appalachia region in terms of social and economic impact, but also to build a platform to transform agriculture and bring new solutions for growing threats to the agriculture sector, including water shortages, land shortages, soil depletion, surface water pollution, pesticide use, food waste, and systemic risks from climate change. Our growing process reduces environmental impacts and manages the environmental risks increasingly threatening our food systems. Specifically, our CEA facility is designed to manage these risks and reduces environmental impacts by:

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Growth Strategy

Through investments in Central Appalachia, our brand, our stakeholders and our infrastructure, we believe that we are well-positioned to grow our brand and attract consumers through our distribution partner Mastronardi, which provides us with full distribution on day one of production, allowing customers to experience our products and us to grow customer recognition and loyalty.

New Project Pipeline

AppHarvest expects to develop and operate at least nine CEA facilities in Appalachia with aggregate production capacity of approximately 400 acres by the end of 2025. We believe that allocating capital to organic growth, specifically the development of new facilities, presents a compelling return on invested capital.

Our Morehead CEA facility partially opened in October 2020, and has been fully operational since March 2021. Shortly thereafter, we announced groundbreakings for two additional facilities, the Richmond tomato facility and the Berea leafy green facility, both of which we anticipate will be operational by the end of 2022. In the second quarter of 2021, we announced the beginning of construction of the Somerset facility and the Morehead leafy green facility. The Somerset facility is expected to be operational by the end of 2022. We have temporarily paused development of the 10-acre Morehead leafy green facility, with construction now expected to resume in 2022 for a 2023 delivery.

Our site selection and construction management processes, as well as all major investment capital decisions, require sign off from our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with additional oversight from the Board of Directors. Cost, development timelines, expansion opportunities, proximity to our existing facilities, crop economics and overall site-level returns on invested capital are among the many factors we consider before greenlighting a project.

Strategy to Develop Branded and Sustainable Value-Add Products

AppHarvest is an applied technology company with global ambitions and a desire to become a trusted brand with broad brand awareness. We aim to leverage our ESG- and mission-driven ethos to grow and produce fruits, vegetables and value-added products that customers will actively seek out at their local grocery stores. While our focus is on fresh produce, we have also begun to create and market a value-added salsa product, on a direct-to-consumer basis, made from our in-house produce. We anticipate that these efforts will expand to include other distribution channels and additional product offerings, including sauces and snacking products.

Competition

With vine crops imports rapidly increasing, our competition includes large-scale operations in Mexico and, to a lesser extent, the southwestern United States. With studies having found that an American meal travels 1,500 miles on average to the consumer’s plate, we believe we are unique in becoming a large-scale CEA operator growing produce closer to the end consumer.

Overall Competition

The U.S. greenhouse industry has grown steadily over the past decade as producers use its advantages to grow more using fewer resources, seeking to solve issues caused by limited land, energy and resources including water and labor. The USDA attributes growth to greenhouse operators’ ability to realize greater market access both in the off-season and in northern retail produce markets, better product consistency and improved yields.

By 2017, the percentage of greenhouse-grown U.S. shipments of fresh tomatoes had grown to 5% of all shipments. Only four states (California, Minnesota, Nebraska and New York) produce more than 10 million pounds of greenhouse-grown tomatoes

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annually, according to the most recent USDA data. Kentucky’s production was estimated by the USDA to be between 500,000 pounds to 1 million pounds annually. Our operations in Morehead, Kentucky are vaulting Kentucky into over 10 million annual pounds category.

Competition from Imports

In 2004, growers in the United States, Canada and Mexico each supplied around 300 million pounds of greenhouse-grown tomatoes to the United States. According to the USDA in 2019, since then, Mexico’s market share averaged 35 percent annual growth. Greenhouse-grown tomato imports from Mexico accounted for 84% of total greenhouse-grown tomato imports in the United States in 2017, while imports of greenhouse-grown tomatoes from Canada held steady at around 300 million pounds annually.

A challenge for high-tech producers in the United States is the possibility that lower-cost Mexican producers will be able to increasingly step up and meet emerging U.S. retail market preferences for higher quality, improved product safety, year-round availability, and product innovation. Mexican producers would most likely aim to achieve this not by investing equivalent capital, but by leveraging climatic and labor advantages.

Meanwhile, Canadian greenhouse operators, which are located primarily in Ontario in the east and British Columbia in the west and often supported by extensive government subsidies and financing, are increasingly initiating or expanding operations in the United States. The major factors driving this expansion are brand value of U.S. production and lower transportation and energy costs at U.S. facilities.

Beyond greenhouse-grown tomatoes imports are making up an increasing percentage of all fresh tomatoes. In 2000, imports accounted for only 30% of fresh tomatoes in the United States and increased to 60% in 2019. Imports accounted for a majority of fresh tomato supply starting in 2010 after a series of weather-related issues in Florida necessitated imports to replace expected open-field tomato production. Mexico now accounts for more than 90% of all fresh tomato imports

We believe that market leadership will accrue to the most efficient producers who are able to reliably meet the needs of large U.S. retailers and can demonstrate advantages in marketing strategy, geography, ESG, food safety, technology, and production learning curves sufficient to warrant the substantial long-term working capital required to fuel the expected sustained growth of this market segment.

Traditional Greenhouse Operators

Large-scale greenhouse operators currently dominate the market in the indoor agriculture space, as they have large-scale distribution networks and own and operate hundreds to thousands of acres of greenhouse. Most of the companies have major portions of their operations in Mexico and Canada, but we believe all or nearly all of them are either looking to develop, are developing or have already developed U.S.-based high-tech greenhouses. These companies have broad product lines and are moving into the prepared food space to leverage their scale and distribution networks.

High-Tech Agricultural Startups

While most CEA production comes from traditional greenhouse companies, a number of high-tech vertical farms also exist in the market. These startups are often focused on development of farms either in or near major cities. These companies generally have smaller product offerings and tend to focus on leafy green products due to limitations of their technologies and economics. By contrast, we believe our facilities will have the ability to grow a variety of crops including leafy greens, tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries, peppers, eggplants, and more. We are also differentiated in prioritizing use of two of the earth’s natural inputs: sunlight and water. In fact, our Morehead CEA facility is the only facility of its type and size in North America to rely primarily on rainwater for its production. Although we do supplement the light our plants receive with LED lighting and high-pressure sodium lighting, our plants primarily grow using natural sunlight, requiring less energy per plant than indoor warehouse farms. There are several companies that sell farm management software for the CEA market. These software offerings have traditionally had limitations since they do not track many aspects of a farm’s operations and they are difficult to integrate with other enterprise information systems. Additionally, only a few of these software companies are either internally developing or collaborating with partners to offer robots that automate tasks ranging from crop forecasting to robotic harvesting. In these cases, the systems under development are limited in their design in that they are highly specialized for completing a single task on the farm. In contrast, AppHarvest technology, Inc. is developing software systems that can be applied to monitoring processes across a farm, are inter operable with complimentary

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information technologies, and will work in collaboration with a robotic farming platform that has been architected so that its core technology can be applied to accomplishing multiple tasks on the farm.

Government Regulation

We are subject to laws and regulations administered by various federal, state and local government agencies in the United States, such as FDA, the FTC, the EPA, the OSHA, and the USDA. These laws and regulations apply to the processing, packaging, distribution, sale, marketing, labeling, quality, safety, and transportation of our products, as well as our occupational safety and health practices.

Under various federal statutes and implementing regulations, these agencies, among other things, prescribe the requirements and establish the standards for quality and safety and regulate our products and the manufacturing, labeling, marketing, promotion, and advertising thereof.

Among other things, the facilities in which our products are grown, packed or processed may be required to register with the FDA (depending on specific growing, packing, and processing operations), comply with regulatory schemes including Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption, Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food and FDA and USDA labeling and marketing requirements, as amended by the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011 (“FSMA”), the Organic Food Production Act, among other laws and regulations implemented by the FDA, the USDA, and other regulators. FSMA regulations are still being developed and implemented, including product traceability requirements recently proposed, which would be directly applicable to our products. The FDA and the USDA have the authority to inspect these facilities depending on the type of product and operations involved. The FDA and the USDA also require that certain nutrition and product information appear on its product labels and more generally, that its labels and labeling be truthful and non-misleading. Similarly, the FTC requires that our marketing and advertising be truthful, non-misleading, not deceptive to consumers, and not otherwise an unfair means of competition. We are also restricted by FDA and USDA from making certain types of claims about our products, including nutrient content claims, health claims, organic claims, and claims regarding the effects of our products on any structure or function of the body, whether express or implied, unless we satisfy certain regulatory requirements.

We are also subject to parallel state and local food safety regulation, including registration and licensing requirements for our facilities, enforcement of standards for our products and facilities by state and local health agencies, and regulation of our trade practices in connection with selling our products.

We are also subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising, privacy laws, safety regulations and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that regulate retailers or govern the promotion and sale of merchandise. Our operations, and those of our distributors and suppliers, are subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and worker health and safety matters.

Certified B Corporation

While not required by Delaware law or the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we have elected to have our social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency assessed against the proprietary criteria established by an independent non-profit organization. As a result of this assessment, in December 2019, we were designated as a Certified B Corporation.

In order to be designated as a Certified B Corporation, companies are required to take a comprehensive and objective assessment of their positive impact on society and the environment. The assessment evaluates how a company’s operations and business model impact its workers, customers, suppliers, community and the environment using a 200-point scale. While the assessment varies depending on a company’s size (number of employees), sector and location, representative indicators in the assessment include payment above a living wage, employee benefits, stakeholder engagement, supporting underserved suppliers and environmental benefits from a company’s products or services. After completing the assessment, the independent organization that certified us as a Certified B Corporation will verify our score to determine if we meet the 80-point minimum bar for certification. The review process includes a phone review, a random selection of indicators for verifying documentation and a random selection of company locations for onsite reviews, including employee interviews and facility tours. Once certified, every Certified B Corporation must make its assessment score transparent on the independent organization’s website.

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Acceptance as a Certified B Corporation and continued certification is at the sole discretion of the independent organization that certified us as a Certified B Corporation. To maintain our certification, we are required to update our assessment and verify our updated score with the independent organization every three years. We will need to update our current certification no later than December 30, 2022. Additionally, we were required to commit to recertifying within 90 days following the closing of the Business Combination and to complete this recertification within one year following the closing of the Business Combination and are currently in the process of recertification.

Public Benefit Corporation

In connection with our Certified B Corporation status and as a demonstration of our long-term commitment to our mission, we have been a public benefit corporation under Delaware law since inception.

Under Delaware law, a public benefit corporation is required to identify in its certificate of incorporation the public benefit or benefits it will promote and its directors have a duty to manage the affairs of the corporation in a manner that balances the pecuniary interests of the corporation’s stockholders, the best interests of those materially affected by the corporation’s conduct, and the specific public benefit or public benefits identified in the public benefit corporation’s certificate of incorporation. To date, there is limited case law involving public benefit corporations and the application of this and other distinct public benefit corporation requirements, which may create some uncertainty until additional case law develops.

Securityholders should note, however, that Sections 361 and 365 of the DGCL indicate that Delaware’s longstanding “business judgment rule” should apply to the balancing determinations required of public benefit corporation directors so long as directors remain informed and free of conflicts of interests. Similarly, a director’s ownership of or other interest in stock of the public benefit corporation will not, for purposes of Subsection XV, create conflict of interest on the part of the director with respect to the director’s decision implicating the balancing requirement in the public benefit corporation, except to the extent that such ownership or interest would create a conflict of interest if the corporation were not a public benefit corporation. We expect that, in large part, traditional Delaware corporation law principles and the application of those principles in case law — including those related to self-dealing, conflicts of interest, and the application of the business judgment rule — will continue to apply with respect to public benefit corporations.

Public benefit corporations organized in Delaware are also required to assess their benefit performance internally and to disclose to stockholders at least biennially a report detailing their success in meeting their benefit objectives. We will evaluate how to meet the additional reporting obligations required as a public benefit corporation under Delaware law, and the frequency with which we intend to issue such reports. We expect to finalize our plans with respect to our reporting obligations within six months of the Closing Date and further expect that we will make such reports publicly available, including on our website. We expect to issue our first public benefit corporation report for the period ending December 31, 2021, in the first half of 2022.

As provided in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the public benefits that we promote, and pursuant to which we manage, are empowering individuals in Appalachia, driving positive environmental change in the agriculture industry, and improving the lives of our employees and the community at large. We will also consider the objectives and standards by which we will measure and report our public benefit performance in our public benefit corporation reports, including potential key performance metrics, and we have not made a final decision on such matters. We expect that we will conduct our own assessment of our benefit performance against the standards and metrics we develop, rather than having such performance conducted by a third party. We have completed a materiality assessment with an independent third party, designated our ESG metrics, and expect to report our first set of data in our Sustainability Report, which we expect to release in the second half of 2022.

Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property and proprietary rights are valuable assets and we rely on a combination of federal, state, common law and international rights in the jurisdictions to safeguard our intellectual property. Our trademarks and other proprietary rights are valuable assets that reinforce the distinctiveness of our brand to our consumers. We also have made, and have acquired, numerous patent applications. We believe our patents, trademarks, copyrights and domain names, and the protection of the underlying intellectual property, are important to our success. Accordingly, we own and have registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office trademarks and patent applications that are important to our business, including our principal trademark, AppHarvest, and have several additional trademark applications pending, as well. Further, in addition to our U.S. intellectual property portfolio, we also seek intellectual property protection in certain other jurisdictions where available and where we deem appropriate, and have undertaken numerous foreign patent application filings. We also rely on unpatented proprietary expertise and copyright protection. We

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aggressively protect our intellectual property rights by relying on trademark and copyright, as well as the use of use of nondisclosure, confidentiality, and intellectual property assignment agreements.

Employees and Human Capital Resources

As of November 28, 2021, we had 486 full-time employees, all of whom are located in the United States. None of our employees are represented by a labor union. We have never experienced a labor-related work stoppage. We treat our employees with respect and dignity and consider our relations with our employees to be very good.

Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and new employees. The principal purposes of our equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate personnel through the granting of equity-based compensation awards, in order to increase stockholder value and the success of the company by motivating such individuals to perform to the best of their abilities and achieve our objectives.

Facilities

We own our corporate headquarters located at 500 Appalachian Way, Morehead, Kentucky 40351 where we occupy approximately 11,200 square feet of office space. We own the Morehead CEA facility, which consists of nearly 2.8 million square feet of growing space, and the land upon which it is built. We further own the to-be-completed Richmond tomato facility, Berea leafy green facility, Somerset berry facility, and the Morehead leafy facility, and the land upon which they are being built. We also lease office and retail space in Lexington, Kentucky. We believe that our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs.

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Although the outcome of these and other claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe the ultimate resolution of the current matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, depending on the nature and timing of a given dispute, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect our current or future results of operations or cash flows.

On September 24, 2021, a federal securities class action lawsuit (captioned Ragan v. AppHarvest, Inc., Case No. 21-cv-07985) was filed by a purported stockholder on the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of a proposed class consisting of those who acquired the Company’s securities between May 17, 2021 and August 10, 2021. The complaint names the Company and certain of its current officers as defendants, and alleges that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, by making materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business, operations, and prospects because they failed to disclose a purported lack of sufficient training and inability to consistently produce Grade No. 1 tomatoes. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. On November 22, 2021, a related action (captioned Plymouth County Retirement Association v. AppHarvest, Inc., Case No. 21-cv-09676) was filed by another purported stockholder of the Company in the same United States District Court, making substantially similar claims against the same set of defendants, on behalf of a proposed class consisting of those who acquired the Company’s securities between October 9, 2020 and August 10, 2021. On November 23, 2021, four movants filed motions to consolidate the two actions, appoint lead plaintiff, and approve lead counsel. On November 24, 2021, the Court issued a scheduling order setting a conference for December 13, 2021 to consider the motions for appointment of lead plaintiff and lead counsel, and/or for consolidation. Following consolidation and appointment of lead plaintiff, defendants expect the lead plaintiff to file an amended complaint and defendants to file a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. We do not believe the claims have merit, intend to defend the case vigorously, and have not recorded a liability related to these lawsuits because, at this time, we are unable to estimate reasonably possible losses or determine whether an unfavorable outcome is probable.

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MANAGEMENT

Directors and Executive Officers

As used in this section, “AppHarvest” refers to AppHarvest Operations, Inc. (formerly AppHarvest, Inc.) prior to the closing of the Business Combination and AppHarvest, Inc. after the closing of the Business Combination. Upon the closing of the Business Combination, the executive officers of AppHarvest Operations, Inc. became executive officers of AppHarvest, Inc.

AppHarvest’s directors and executive officers and their ages as of December 1, 2021 are as follows:

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Executive Officers

Jonathan Webb is our founder and has served as AppHarvest’s President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since AppHarvest’s incorporation in January 2018. Mr. Webb ceased serving as AppHarvest’s President in January 2021. From 2014 to February 2017, Mr. Webb served as contract support with Archetype USA for the U.S. Army Office of Energy Initiatives through the U.S. Department of Defense. Mr. Webb received a B.B.A. in Marketing from the University of Kentucky. We believe that Mr. Webb is qualified to serve on the board of directors because of his deep knowledge of our company and his industry experience.

David Lee has served as AppHarvest’s President since January 2021 and a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since August 2020. From December 2015 to January 2021, Mr. Lee served as the Chief Financial Officer of Impossible Foods Inc. From December 2015 to March 2019, Mr. Lee also served as the Chief Operating Officer of Impossible Foods Inc. From 2014 to December 2015, Mr. Lee served as the Chief Financial Officer of Zynga Inc. Mr. Lee received a B.A. in Government from Harvard College and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago. We believe that Mr. Lee is qualified to serve on the board of directors because of his extensive executive, financial and operational expertise within the agriculture industry, including his experience as the chief financial officer of a public company.

Loren Eggleton has served as AppHarvest’s Chief Financial Officer since November 2020 and previously served as AppHarvest’s Senior Vice President, Finance and Treasurer from September 2020 to November 2020 and AppHarvest’s Chief Financial Officer from July 2019 to September 2020. From January 2014 to July 2019, Mr. Eggleton served as Vice President of Finance for Famous Brands International. Mr. Eggleton received a B.S. in Accounting from the University of Kentucky and an M.S. in Accountancy from the University of Notre Dame — Mendoza College of Business.

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Non-Employee Directors

Kiran Bhatraju has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since January 2018. Mr. Bhatraju currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Arcadia Power, Inc., a company he founded in 2014. Mr. Bhatraju received a B.A. in Political Science and Literature from the University of Pennsylvania. We believe that Mr. Bhatraju is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive experience in the clean energy industry.

Ciara A. Burnham has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since April 2021. Ms. Burnham currently serves as an advisor to Athena Technology Acquisition Corp., a position she has held since March 2021. From January 2019 to December 2020, Ms. Burnham served as a Partner and member of the Management Committee of QED Investors. From 1997 to January 2019, Ms. Burnham held a number of positions with Evercore, including Senior Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Evercore Trust Company N.A. Ms. Burnham received an A.B. from Princeton University and an M.B.A from the Columbia Business School. We believe that Ms. Burnham is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her extensive financial and investment expertise.

Greg Couch has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since January 2018. Mr. Couch currently serves as the chief executive officer of Meridian Wealth Management, LLC, which he founded in 2009. Mr. Couch received a bachelor’s degree from Eastern Kentucky University. We believe that Mr. Couch is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his financial and investment background and his deep knowledge of and involvement in Kentucky and the Appalachian region.

Robert J. Laikin has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since January 2021. Mr. Laikin served as the Chairman of Novus’s board of directors since its inception in March 2020 until the closing of the Business Combination. Mr. Laikin serves as the managing member of L7 Investments LLC, a position he has held since 2016. From 2014 to October 2021 Mr. Laikin served as non-executive chairman of and held a director role on the board of directors of Washington Prime Group Inc. From 2012 to December 2019, Mr. Laikin served as Executive Advisor to the chief executive officer and government relations executive of Ingram Micro Inc. Mr. Laikin received a B.S. in Business from Indiana University. We believe that Mr. Laikin is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive executive and public company board experience.

Anna Mason has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since July 2020. Ms. Mason currently serves as Managing Partner of Rise of the Rest Seed Fund at Revolution, a position she has held since April 2021, and previously served as Partner from December 2017 to April 2021 and Director of Investments of Rise of the Rest Seed Fund from June 2016 to December 2017. Ms. Mason served as the Co-Founder of Burn This, Inc. from August 2012 to December 2015 and held the position of Vice President — Distressed and High Yield Trading at The Seaport Group from June 2009 to May 2013. Ms. Mason received a B.A. in Political Science and Government from Harvard College and a M.B.A from the New York University Stern School of Business. We believe that Ms. Mason is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her financial and investment expertise, including her particular focus in the growth of startups.

R. Geof Rochester, has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since April 2021. Mr. Rochester currently serves as the Founder of and Strategic Advisor for GRC Advising, which he founded in January 2018. Mr. Rochester previously served as the Chief Marketing Officer of the Company from August 2020 to April 2021. Mr. Rochester previously served as a consultant of the Company from July 2019 to August 2020. He also served as the Managing Director of The Nature Conservancy from July 2010 to December 2017 and as its Chief Marketing Officer and from July 2010 to 2013. Mr. Rochester received a B.S. in Business Administration from Georgetown University and a M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. We believe that Mr. Rochester is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his thought leadership in corporate sustainability and social responsibility, philanthropy and marketing.

Martha Stewart has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since May 2020. Ms. Stewart currently serves as the Chief Creative Officer of Marquee Brands, a position she has held since June 2019. Ms. Stewart served as Chief Creative Officer of Sequential Brands Group Inc. from December 2015 to June 2019 and Founder and Chief Creative Officer of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Inc. from 1996 until its sale to Sequential Brands Group Inc. in December 2015. Ms. Stewart has served on the board of directors of the Sequential Brands Group, Inc. since December 2015. Ms. Stewart received a B.A. in European History and Architectural History from Barnard College. We believe that Ms. Stewart is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her deep executive experience leading global food and retail companies.

Jeffrey Ubben has served as a member of AppHarvest’s board of directors since March 2019. Mr. Ubben currently serves as the Founder and Chairman of Inclusive Capital Partners, L.P., a position he has held since July 2020. Mr. Ubben held a number of

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positions with ValueAct Capital, a company he helped co-found, including Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, from 2000 to June 2020. Mr. Ubben has served on the boards of directors for Nikola Corporation, a publicly traded energy and transportation solutions company, since September 2019, Enviva Partners, LP, an industrial wood pellet production company, since June 2020, and Exxon Mobile Corporation, a publicly traded energy company, since February 2021. Mr. Ubben previously served on the boards of directors of AES Corporation from January 2018 to February 2021, Twenty-First Century Fox Inc. from November 2015 to April 2018 and Willis Towers Watson plc from January 2016 to November 2017. Mr. Ubben received a B.A. from Duke University and an M.B.A. from the Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University. We believe that Mr. Ubben is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his investment industry background, experience serving on the boards of directors of public companies and leadership in socially responsible investing.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Board Composition

Our business and affairs are organized under the direction of our board of directors, which meets on a regular basis and additionally as required. In accordance with our amended and restated bylaws the board of directors may establish the authorized number of directors from time to time by resolution. The board of directors consists of ten members and each member serves a one-year term expiring at our next annual meeting of stockholders, subject to his or her office being vacated sooner pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws.

Board Leadership Structure

The board of directors is chaired by Mr. Webb, our Chief Executive Officer. The board of directors believes that combining the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman helps to ensure that the board and management act with a common purpose. The board of directors believes that such combination provides a single, clear chain of command to execute our strategic initiatives and business plans. In addition, the board of directors believes that a combined Chief Executive Officer/Chairman is better positioned to act as a bridge between management and the board of directors, facilitating the regular flow of information. The board of directors also believes that it is advantageous to have a chairperson with significant history with and extensive knowledge of our company, as is the case with Mr. Webb.

The board of directors has appointed Mr. Bhatraju as lead independent director in order to help reinforce the independence of the board as a whole. The position of lead independent director has been structured to serve as an effective balance to Mr. Webb’s leadership as the combined Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. The lead independent director is empowered to, among other duties and responsibilities, work with the Chief Executive Officer to develop and approve an appropriate board meeting schedule; work with the Chief Executive Officer to develop and approve meeting agendas; provide the Chief Executive Officer feedback on the quality, quantity, and timeliness of the information provided to the board; develop the agenda and moderate executive sessions of the independent members of the board of directors; preside over board meetings when the Chief Executive Officer is not present or when such person’s performance or compensation is discussed; act as principal liaison between the independent members of the board of directors and the Chief Executive Officer; convene meetings of the independent directors as appropriate; and perform such other duties as may be established or delegated by the board of directors. As a result, we believe that the lead independent director can help ensure the effective independent functioning of the board of directors in its oversight responsibilities. In addition, we believe that the lead independent director serves as a conduit between the other independent directors and the Chairman, for example, by facilitating the inclusion on meeting agendas of matters of concern to the independent directors.

Director Independence

The board of directors has reviewed of the independence of each director. Based on information provided by each director concerning her or his background, employment and affiliations, the board of directors determined that none of the directors, other than Messrs. Webb, Lee and Rochester, has any relationships that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of the directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the Nasdaq listing standards. In making these determinations, the board of directors considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances the board of directors deems relevant in determining their independence.

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