The clinical trial continues to dose in the remaining dose groups, which include a 20 mg multiple-ascending dose group and the daily dosing cohorts, and we anticipate reporting the findings from the clinical trial at a future medical meeting. We plan to continue with ongoing and additional translational studies with MRT5005 and a next-generation CF candidate to support and optimize future clinical development, including research into dosing, formulation and nebulization. We have a next-generation CF discovery program that incorporates mRNA codon optimization and advances in lipid nanoparticle, or LNP, chemistry. Positive preclinical data generated supports planned initiation of investigational new drug, or IND,-enabling studies in the second half of 2021.
We are leveraging our lung delivery platform and focusing our preclinical research efforts on identifying lead product candidates in additional pulmonary diseases with unmet medical need, including primary ciliary dyskinesia, pulmonary arterial hypertension and respiratory infectious diseases. In addition, we are pursuing discovery efforts in diseases that affect the liver.
We have also begun to explore ways to apply our mRNA and delivery platform expertise to diseases where the degradation of a protein would lead to therapeutic benefit. We believe that using mRNA to enable the production of a molecule that can help tag a target protein for destruction within the cell may have advantages over other protein degradation approaches, including the ability to reach previously undruggable therapeutic targets and increase target selectivity. Additionally, we are evaluating the potential of delivering mRNA encoding therapeutic antibodies. We have early discovery efforts ongoing in these areas.
Additionally, we are leveraging the broad applicability of our platform through a collaboration with Sanofi to develop infectious disease vaccines using our mRNA technology. In the case of vaccines, the mRNA instructs certain cells in the body to produce an antigen that will induce an immune response to an infectious pathogen. Under the collaboration with Sanofi, we are jointly conducting research and development activities to advance vaccines targeting up to seven infectious disease pathogens. As part of the ongoing vaccine development program, comprehensive
studies have been conducted across several infectious disease targets. Multiple development candidates have been evaluated against distinct pathogens, all of which were well tolerated across all species tested. Multiple antigens have been tested with all demonstrating robust neutralization titers. Two of the target pathogens under development are a novel strain of coronavirus named
which causes
COVID-19,
and influenza. After evaluation of multiple
COVID-19
vaccine candidates
for immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody activity, MRT5500 was selected as the lead candidate for a vaccine against
In October 2020 and in April 2021, preclinical data was reported demonstrating that MRT5500 induced potent neutralizing antibodies against
in mice and
non-human
primates, or NHPs. Two doses of MRT5500 in NHPs induced neutralizing antibody levels significantly higher than those observed in a panel of samples from
COVID-19
patients. Additionally, MRT5500 demonstrated protection against viral infection and disease progression in Syrian golden hamsters immunized with MRT5500 against a virus challenge. It was also demonstrated that MRT5500-immunized mice and NHPs exhibited a
Th1-biased
T-cell
response against
Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease, or VAERD, has generally not been reported to be associated with a
Th1-biased
T-cell
response and therefore these data suggest the potential for a reduced risk for VAERD. A Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate MRT5500 began in March 2021 and interim data from this trial is expected in the third quarter of 2021. For information on risks related to our successful development of a vaccine against
COVID-19,
please see Part II, Item 1A – “Risk Factors – Risks Related to the
COVID-19
Pandemic,” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q.
For the influenza vaccine program, lead LNP/mRNA formulations are being evaluated in preclinical studies to support a clinical
trial anticipated to begin
mid-year
2021. Preclinical studies are ongoing for targets against additional viral and bacterial pathogens.
Our vision is to continue building a leading mRNA product company, leveraging our extensive experience with proprietary mRNA product development, delivery, manufacturing and process development. Our proprietary MRT platform has enabled us to focus on direct therapeutic approaches to treat specific genetic diseases with significant unmet medical need. We are primarily focused on applying our MRT platform to treat pulmonary diseases where the production of proteins can modify disease. We are also leveraging our platform’s broad applicability to other diseases, including liver diseases, as well as to preventing disease in the case of infectious disease vaccines. To realize our vision, we plan to advance multiple programs to clinical stage, add new pipeline programs and continue to innovate on the mRNA platform. In order to achieve these goals, we plan to increase our research and development investments, add key
in-house
capabilities, deepen our platform and delivery expertise as well as expand our infrastructure and facility size. We also plan to appropriately invest in manufacturing and commercial capabilities to support continued growth and advancement and our ultimate goal of delivering mRNA medicines to treat or prevent life-threatening or debilitating illnesses.
The successful development of our product candidates will require, among other things, our mRNA manufacturing capabilities. To date, we have established
100-gram
single-batch production with our clinical-stage mRNA therapeutics platform.
Build-out
of a dedicated manufacturing space through a contract manufacturing partner was completed during the third quarter of 2020 and has the potential to accommodate multiple
250-gram
batches per month upon continued investments and third-party supplier arrangements. As it relates to development of a
COVID-19
vaccine, depending on the final human
COVID-19
vaccine dose and timing of
scale-up
activities, we estimate that we could have manufacturing capacity to produce
90-360 million
doses annually. We plan to further expand our mRNA manufacturing capabilities to increase production capacity, and will need to work with raw material and other third-party suppliers to achieve this goal.