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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________
FORM 10-Q
___________________
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-33530
Green Brick Partners, Inc.
 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 20-5952523
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (IRS Employer Identification Number)
2805 Dallas Pkwy , Ste 400
Plano , TX 75093 (469) 573-6755
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code) (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
GRBK
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).Yes ☒ No ☐

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the Registrant's common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 was 50,661,919.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
1
1
2
3
5
7
Item 2.
23
Item 4.
33
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A.
34
Item 5.
34
Item 6.
35
36


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data) (Unaudited)
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 40,269  $ 33,269 
Restricted cash 10,580  4,416 
Receivables 5,651  4,720 
Inventory 779,360  753,567 
Investments in unconsolidated entities 46,235  30,294 
Right-of-use assets - operating leases 2,800  3,462 
Property and equipment, net 3,620  4,309 
Earnest money deposits 22,263  14,686 
Deferred income tax assets, net 15,377  15,262 
Intangible assets, net 643  707 
Goodwill 680  680 
Other assets 17,104  10,167 
Total assets $ 944,582  $ 875,539 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 23,127  $ 30,044 
Accrued expenses 49,847  24,656 
Customer and builder deposits 29,339  23,954 
Lease liabilities - operating leases 2,888  3,564 
Borrowings on lines of credit, net 93,489  164,642 
Senior unsecured notes, net 111,028  73,406 
Notes payable 2,131  — 
Contingent consideration 210  5,267 
Total liabilities 312,059  325,533 
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated subsidiary 13,624  13,611 
Equity:
Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding —  — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized; 51,053,858 and 50,879,949 issued and 50,661,919 and 50,488,010 outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively 511  509 
Treasury stock, at cost, 391,939 and 391,939 shares as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively (3,167) (3,167)
Additional paid-in capital 292,388  290,799 
Retained earnings 320,347  235,027 
Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity 610,079  523,168 
Noncontrolling interests 8,820  13,227 
Total equity 618,899  536,395 
Total liabilities and equity $ 944,582  $ 875,539 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Residential units revenue $ 263,885  $ 199,918  $ 683,739  $ 536,560 
Land and lots revenue 11,936  9,486  38,182  24,978 
Total revenues 275,821  209,404  721,921  561,538 
Cost of residential units 198,422  157,243  521,332  421,663 
Cost of land and lots 9,513  7,436  29,839  19,503 
Total cost of revenues 207,935  164,679  551,171  441,166 
Total gross profit 67,886  44,725  170,750  120,372 
Selling, general and administrative expenses (29,177) (25,061) (81,718) (70,584)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration (210) (1,492) (210) (1,749)
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities 5,299  3,022  13,038  7,565 
Other income, net 2,125  3,778  3,004  6,143 
Income before income taxes 45,923  24,972  104,864  61,747 
Income tax expense 9,969  5,833  17,357  14,993 
Net income 35,954  19,139  87,507  46,754 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,135  3,468  3,124  4,018 
Net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. $ 34,819  $ 15,671  $ 84,383  $ 42,736 
Net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share:
Basic $ 0.69  $ 0.31  $ 1.67  $ 0.85 
Diluted $ 0.68  $ 0.31  $ 1.66  $ 0.84 
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share:
Basic 50,617  50,475  50,552  50,564 
Diluted 50,876  50,597  50,739  50,642 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at June 30, 2020 51,053,858  $ 511  (391,939) $ (3,167) $ 292,887  $ 285,528  $ 575,759  $ 8,186  $ 583,945 
Amortization of deferred share-based compensation —  —  —  —  139  —  139  —  139 
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest —  —  —  —  (638) —  (638) —  (638)
Net income —  —  —  —  —  34,819  34,819  634  35,453 
Balance at September 30, 2020 51,053,858  $ 511  (391,939) $ (3,167) $ 292,388  $ 320,347  $ 610,079  $ 8,820  $ 618,899 

Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at June 30, 2019 50,879,949  $ 509  (183,938) $ (1,369) $ 289,739  $ 204,591  $ 493,470  $ 5,173  $ 498,643 
Share-based compensation —  —  —  —  73  —  73  —  73 
Amortization of deferred share-based compensation —  —  —  —  136  —  136  —  136 
Stock repurchases —  —  (208,001) (1,798) —  —  (1,798) —  (1,798)
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest —  —  —  1,163  —  1,163  —  1,163 
Net income —  —  —  —  —  15,671  15,671  2,605  18,276 
Balance at September 30, 2019 50,879,949  $ 509  (391,939) $ (3,167) $ 291,111  $ 220,262  $ 508,715  $ 7,778  $ 516,493 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019 50,879,949  $ 509  (391,939) $ (3,167) $ 290,799  $ 235,027  $ 523,168  $ 13,227  $ 536,395 
Issuance of common stock under 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan 249,617  3  —  —  1,598  —  1,601  —  1,601 
Withholdings from vesting of restricted stock awards (75,708) (1) —  —  (591) —  (592) —  (592)
Amortization of deferred share-based compensation —  —  —  —  357  —  357  —  357 
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest —  —  —  —  225  —  225  —  225 
Increase in ownership in CB JENI Homes —  —  —  —  —  937  937  (937) — 
Contributions —  —  —  —  —  —  —  400  400 
Distributions —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (5,251) (5,251)
Net income —  —  —  —  —  84,383  84,383  1,381  85,764 
Balance at September 30, 2020 51,053,858  $ 511  (391,939) $ (3,167) $ 292,388  $ 320,347  $ 610,079  $ 8,820  $ 618,899 

Common Stock Treasury Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018 50,719,884  $ 507  (136,756) $ (981) $ 291,299  $ 177,526  $ 468,351  $ 17,281  $ 485,632 
Share-based compensation —  —  —  —  215  —  215  —  215 
Issuance of common stock under 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan 219,181  3  —  —  1,463  —  1,466  —  1,466 
Withholdings from vesting of restricted stock awards (59,116) (1) —  —  (543) —  (544) —  (544)
Amortization of deferred share-based compensation —  —  —  —  354  —  354  —  354 
Stock repurchases —  —  (255,183) (2,186) —  —  (2,186) —  (2,186)
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interest —  —  —  —  (1,677) —  (1,677) —  (1,677)
Distributions —  —  —  —  —  —  —  (10,993) (10,993)
Net income —  —  —  —  —  42,736  42,736  1,490  44,226 
Balance at September 30, 2019 50,879,949  $ 509  (391,939) $ (3,167) $ 291,111  $ 220,262  $ 508,715  $ 7,778  $ 516,493 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands) (Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 87,507  $ 46,754 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization expense 2,461  2,443 
Share-based compensation expense 1,958  2,035 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration 210  1,749 
Deferred income taxes, net (115) 706 
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities (13,038) (7,565)
Allowances for option deposits and pre-acquisition costs 1,490  520 
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities 7,444  3,390 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:   
Increase in receivables (931) (4,668)
Increase in inventory (25,263) (71,392)
(Increase) decrease in earnest money deposits (9,067) 860 
Increase in other assets (6,951) (623)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable (6,917) 8,599 
Increase in accrued expenses 25,191  2,141 
Payment of contingent consideration in excess of acquisition date fair value (5,267) (1,332)
Increase (decrease) in customer and builder deposits 5,385  (4,856)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 64,097  (21,239)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investments in unconsolidated entities (10,347) — 
Purchase of property and equipment (1,707) (1,838)
Net cash used in investing activities (12,054) (1,838)
Cash flows from financing activities:   
Borrowings from lines of credit 217,500  165,500 
Borrowings from senior unsecured notes 37,500  75,000 
Repayments of lines of credit (289,000) (201,500)
Proceeds from notes payable 10,715  — 
Repayments of notes payable (8,584) — 
Payments of debt issuance costs (62) (1,682)
Payment of contingent consideration —  (514)
Payments of withholding tax on vesting of restricted stock awards (592) (544)
Stock repurchases —  (2,186)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests 400  — 
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interest (1,505) (527)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (5,251) (10,993)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (38,879) 22,554 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 13,164  (523)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 33,269  38,315 
Restricted cash, beginning of period 4,416  3,440 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 37,685  41,755 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 40,269  35,123 
Restricted cash, end of period 10,580  6,109 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 50,849  $ 41,232 
5

GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands) (Unaudited)

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest $ —  $ — 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 10,181  $ 14,313 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 
6
GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), but do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 or subsequent periods due to seasonal variations and other factors, such as the effects of novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and its influence on our future results.

Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Green Brick Partners, Inc., its controlled subsidiaries, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which Green Brick Partners, Inc. or one of its controlled subsidiaries is deemed to be the primary beneficiary (together, the “Company”, “we”, or “Green Brick”).

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in unconsolidated entities over which it exercises significant influence but does not have a controlling interest. Under the equity method, the Company’s share of the unconsolidated entities’ earnings or losses, if any, is included in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, including the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications
Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the Company reclassified the allowances for option deposits and pre-acquisition costs related to option contracts from selling, general and administrative expenses to other (loss) income, net in the consolidated statements of income to conform to current year presentation. There was no impact on net income from the reclassification in any period.

For a complete set of the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Newly identified significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are presented below.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of
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Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments from an “incurred loss” approach to an “expected credit loss” methodology. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020 using the full retrospective application. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be determined by the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the guidance in ASC 740, Income Taxes related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2019-12 to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

2. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

On April 29, 2020, through a series of transactions, the Company acquired the remaining membership and voting interests in our subsidiary, CB JENI Homes DFW LLC (“CB JENI”). As a result, CB JENI became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, was no longer considered a VIE and was consolidated based on the majority voting interest pursuant to ASC 810.

As both the entity wholly owned by the Company to which CB JENI ownership interests were assigned and CB JENI were controlled by the Company on April 29, 2020, the acquisition of the remaining membership interest was accounted for at the carrying amounts on CB JENI’s books, pursuant to provisions of ASC 805 that govern transactions between entities under common control.



3. INVENTORY

A summary of inventory is as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Homes completed or under construction $ 302,070  $ 314,966 
Land and lots - developed and under development 470,791  437,553 
Land held for sale 6,499  1,048 
Total inventory $ 779,360  $ 753,567 

A summary of interest costs incurred, capitalized and expensed is as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Interest capitalized at beginning of period $ 18,791  $ 17,199 $ 18,596  $ 14,780 
Interest incurred 2,010  3,052 7,677  9,066 
Interest charged to cost of revenues (2,999) (2,324) (8,471) (5,919)
Interest capitalized at end of period $ 17,802  $ 17,927 $ 17,802  $ 17,927 
Capitalized interest as a percentage of inventory 2.3  % 2.5  % 2.3  % 2.5  %

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As of September 30, 2020, the Company reviewed the performance and outlook for all of its communities for indicators of potential impairment and performed detailed impairment analysis when necessary. As of September 30, 2020, the Company performed impairment analysis of the selling communities with indicators of impairment with a combined corresponding carrying value of approximately $8.2 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $0.0 million and a de minimis impairment adjustment, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of impaired communities to fair value.

There was no impairment adjustment related to inventory recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2019. An impairment adjustment of $0.1 million to reduce the carrying value of impaired communities to fair value was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

4. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES

In May 2020, we established a joint venture, BHome Mortgage, LLC (“BHome Mortgage”) with First Continental Mortgage, Ltd., to provide mortgage related services to homebuyers. The Company owns 49.0% in BHome Mortgage.

In August 2020, GRBK Edgewood established a joint venture, GBTM Sendera, LLC (“GBTM Sendera”), with TM Sendera to acquire and develop a tract of land in Fort Worth, Texas. Both parties hold a 50% ownership interest in GBTM Sendera.

On September 1, 2020, the Company increased its ownership interest in GRBK Mortgage, LLC from 49.00% to 49.99%.

A summary of the unaudited condensed financial information of the six unconsolidated entities that are accounted for by the equity method is as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Assets:
Cash $ 17,771  $ 11,699 
Accounts receivable 1,446  3,252 
Bonds and notes receivable 7,342  5,864 
Loans held for sale, at fair value 21,801  23,143 
Inventory 108,006  73,704 
Other assets 8,153  4,012 
Total assets $ 164,519  $ 121,674 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 6,635  $ 1,726 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 11,270  7,784 
Notes payable 61,684  58,223 
Total liabilities $ 79,589  $ 67,733 
Owners’ equity:
Green Brick $ 42,260  $ 25,910 
Others 42,670  28,031 
Total owners’ equity $ 84,930  $ 53,941 
Total liabilities and owners’ equity $ 164,519  $ 121,674 

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues $ 50,068  $ 42,428  $ 138,381  $ 116,786 
Costs and expenses 39,188  36,227  111,340  101,348 
Net earnings of unconsolidated entities $ 10,880  $ 6,201  $ 27,041  $ 15,438 
Company’s share in net earnings of unconsolidated entities 5,299  3,022  $ 13,038  $ 7,565 

9
A summary of the Company’s share in net (losses) earnings by unconsolidated entity is as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
GB Challenger, LLC $ 3,825  $ 2,572  $ 9,391  $ 6,574 
Green Brick Mortgage, LLC 1,498  340  3,658  668 
Providence Group Title, LLC —  111  14  323 
EJB River Holdings, LLC —  —  (1) — 
GBTM Sendera, LLC —  —  —  — 
BHome Mortgage, LLC (24) —  (24) — 
Total net earnings from unconsolidated entities $ 5,299  $ 3,022  $ 13,038  $ 7,565 

GBTM Sendera, LLC

In August 2020, GBTM Sendera, LLC joint venture (“GBTM Sendera”) was formed by GRBK Edgewood, LLC (“GRBK Edgewood”) and TM Sendera, LLC (“TM Sendera”) with the purpose to acquire and develop a tract of land in Fort Worth,Texas. Both parties hold a 50% ownership interest in GBTM Sendera. GBTM Sendera had no activity in the period but it is expected to begin its operations in the fourth quarter of 2020.

In August 2020, GBTM Sendera received two $9.0 million initial contributions from its two members, GBRK Edgewood and TM Sendera. Per the GBTM Sendera company agreement, GRBK Edgewood and TM Sendera share equally in the profits and losses of GBTM Sendera, with the exception of certain customary fees.

Following the analysis of the above facts and provisions of the GBTM Sendera company agreement, the Company has determined that GBTM Sendera is a joint venture to be evaluated under the voting interest model. Therefore, the investment in GBTM Sendera is treated as an unconsolidated investment under the equity method of accounting and is included in investments in unconsolidated entities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2020, the carrying amount of GBTM Sendera assets was $19.6 million, and GBTM Sendera had no liabilities. Assets were comprised of real estate inventory and cash. As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with GBTM Sendera was $9.8 million, represented by the sum of the Company’s investment in GBTM Sendera of $9.0 million and an additional $0.8 million contribution made each by GBRK Edgewood and TM Sendera.

5. DEBT

Lines of Credit
Borrowings on lines of credit outstanding, net of debt issuance costs, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Secured Revolving Credit Facility $ 4,000  $ 38,000 
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility 90,500  128,000 
Debt issuance costs, net of amortization (1,011) (1,358)
Total borrowings on lines of credit, net $ 93,489  $ 164,642 

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Secured Revolving Credit Facility
The Company is party to a revolving credit facility (the “Secured Revolving Credit Facility”) with Inwood National Bank, which provides for an aggregate commitment amount of $35.0 million. On May 22, 2020, the Company amended the Secured Revolving Credit Facility to reduce the aggregate commitment amount of $75.0 million to $35.0 million. Amounts outstanding under the Secured Revolving Credit Facility are secured by mortgages on real property and security interests in certain personal property (to the extent that such personal property is connected with the use and enjoyment of the real property) that is owned by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. The entire unpaid principal balance and any accrued but unpaid interest is due and payable on the maturity date. As of September 30, 2020, the maturity date of the Secured Revolving Credit Facility is May 1, 2022.

As of September 30, 2020, letters of credit outstanding totaling $7.2 million reduced the aggregate maximum commitment amount to $27.8 million.

As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Secured Revolving Credit Facility was 4.00% per annum.

Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
The Company is party to a credit agreement, providing for a senior, unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility”). The Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility provides aggregate lending commitments of up to $215.0 million. As of September 30, 2020, the maximum aggregate amount of the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility was $275.0 million, and the termination date with respect to commitments under the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility was December 14, 2021 for $30.0 million and December 14, 2022 for $185.0 million out of the aggregate lending commitment of $215.0 million. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rates on outstanding borrowings under the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility ranged from 2.64% to 2.66% per annum.

Based on the unprecedented disruptions to the credit and economic markets arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, we drew the full amount of our Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility during the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we paid our Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility down to prior levels once it was apparent that the Company’s access to liquidity in the financial markets was not compromised.

Senior Unsecured Notes
On August 8, 2019, the Company issued $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due on August 8, 2026 at a fixed rate of 4.00% per annum to Prudential Private Capital in a Section 4(a)(2) private placement transaction and received net proceeds of $73.3 million. A brokerage fee of approximately $1.5 million associated with the issuance was paid at closing. The brokerage fee, and other debt issuance costs of approximately $0.2 million, were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our consolidated balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the senior unsecured notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities.

Principal on the senior unsecured notes is required to be paid in increments of $12.5 million on August 8, 2024 and $12.5 million on August 8, 2025. The final principal payment of $50.0 million is due on August 8, 2026. Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” penalty which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears commencing November 8, 2019.

On August 26, 2020, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with The Prudential Insurance Company of America and Prudential Universal Reinsurance Company to issue a $37.5 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due on August 26, 2027 at a fixed rate of 3.35% per annum in a Section 4(a)(2) private placement transaction. The Company received net proceeds of $37.4 million and incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $0.1 million that were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities and for general corporate purposes. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears commencing on November 26, 2020.

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6. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

The Company has a noncontrolling interest attributable to the 20% minority interest in GRBK GHO Homes, LLC (“GRBK GHO”) owned by our Florida-based partner that is included as redeemable noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated subsidiary in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
In February 2020, the Company and the minority partner of GRBK GHO amended the operating agreement of GRBK GHO to change the initial date upon which the put and purchase options related to the redeemable noncontrolling interest can be exercised from April 2021 to April 2024.
The following tables show the changes in redeemable noncontrolling interest in equity of consolidated subsidiary during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, beginning of period $ 12,485  $ 12,509 
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner 501  863 
Distributions of income to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner —  — 
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest 638  (1,163)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, end of period $ 13,624  $ 12,209 

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, beginning of period $ 13,611  $ 8,531 
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner 1,743  2,528 
Distributions of income to redeemable noncontrolling interest partner (1,505) (527)
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interest (225) 1,677 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, end of period $ 13,624  $ 12,209 
Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company may be obligated to pay contingent consideration to our partner if certain annual performance targets are met over the three-year period following the Acquisition Date. The performance targets specified in the purchase agreement were met for the period from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, and contingent consideration of $5.3 million was earned by the minority partner in 2019 and paid by the Company in April 2020 in addition to a $1.5 million distribution of income. As of September 30, 2020, the estimate of the undiscounted contingent consideration payouts for the period from January 1, 2020 through April 26, 2021 was $0.4 million.
7. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share-Based Award Activity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company granted stock awards (“SAs”) under its 2014 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan to executive officers (“EOs”) and restricted stock awards ("RSA") to non-employee members of the Board of Directors (“BOD”). The SAs granted to the EOs were 100% vested and non-forfeitable on the grant date. Some members of the BOD elected to defer up to 100% of their annual retainer fee in the form of RSAs. The RSAs granted to the BOD will become fully vested on the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the date of grant of the shares of restricted common stock or (ii) the date of the Company’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The fair value of the SAs granted to EOs and RSAs granted to non-employee members of the BOD were recorded as share-based compensation expense on the grant date and over the vesting period, respectively. The Company withheld 75,708 shares of common stock from EOs, at a total cost of $0.6 million, to satisfy statutory minimum tax requirements upon grant of the SAs.

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A summary of share-based awards activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:
Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
 (in thousands)
Nonvested, December 31, 2019 59  $ 9.05 
Granted 250  $ 8.63 
Vested (264) $ 8.10 
Forfeited —  $ — 
Nonvested, September 30, 2020 45  $ 12.33 

Stock Options
A summary of stock options activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:
Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 (in thousands) (in years) (in thousands)
Options outstanding, December 31, 2019 500  $ 7.49 
Granted — 
Exercised —  — 
Forfeited —  — 
Options outstanding, September 30, 2020 500  $ 7.49  4.08 $ 4,305 
Options exercisable, September 30, 2020 500  $ 7.49  4.08 $ 4,305 

Share-Based Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Recognized tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was de minimis for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Share-based compensation expense was $2.0 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Recognized tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of September 30, 2020, the estimated total remaining unamortized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSAs, net of forfeitures, was $0.4 million which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.7 years.

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8. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue
The following reflects the disaggregation of revenue by primary geographic market, type of customer, product type, and timing of revenue recognition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Residential units revenue Land and lots revenue Residential units revenue Land and lots revenue
Primary Geographical Market
Central $ 191,634  $ 11,894  $ 104,685  $ 8,746 
Southeast 72,251  42  95,233  740 
Total revenues $ 263,885  $ 11,936  $ 199,918  $ 9,486 
Type of Customer
Homebuyers $ 263,885  $ —  $ 199,918  $ 185 
Homebuilders —  11,936  —  9,301 
Total revenues $ 263,885  $ 11,936  $ 199,918  $ 9,486 
Product Type
Residential units $ 263,885  $ —  $ 199,918  $ — 
Land and lots —  11,936  —  9,486 
Total revenues $ 263,885  $ 11,936  $ 199,918  $ 9,486 
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred at a point in time $ 262,319  $ 11,936  $ 197,280  $ 9,486 
Transferred over time 1,566  —  2,638  — 
Total revenues $ 263,885  $ 11,936  $ 199,918  $ 9,486 

14
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Residential units revenue Land and lots revenue Residential units revenue Land and lots revenue
Primary Geographical Market
Central $ 466,910  $ 37,900  $ 268,278  $ 24,228 
Southeast 216,829  282  268,282  750 
Total revenues $ 683,739  $ 38,182  $ 536,560  $ 24,978 
Type of Customer
Homebuyers $ 683,739  $ —  $ 536,560  $ 185 
Homebuilders —  38,182  —  24,793 
Total revenues $ 683,739  $ 38,182  $ 536,560  $ 24,978 
Product Type
Residential units $ 683,739  $ —  $ 536,560  $ — 
Land and lots —  38,182  —  24,978 
Total revenues $ 683,739  $ 38,182  $ 536,560  $ 24,978 
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred at a point in time $ 678,352  $ 38,182  $ 529,003  $ 24,978 
Transferred over time 5,387  —  7,557  — 
Total revenues $ 683,739  $ 38,182  $ 536,560  $ 24,978 

Revenue recognized over time represents revenue from mechanic’s lien contracts.

Contract Balances
Opening and closing contract balances included in customer and builder deposits on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Customer and builder deposits $ 29,339  $ 23,954 

The difference between the opening and closing balances of customer and builder deposits results from the timing difference between the customers’ payments of deposits and the Company’s performance, impacted slightly by terminations of contracts.

    The amount of deposits on residential units and land and lots held as of the beginning of the period and recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Type of Customer
Homebuyers $ 6,436  $ 7,661  $ 16,147  $ 13,335 
Homebuilders 1,135  981  5,415  2,663 
Total deposits recognized as revenue $ 7,571  $ 8,642  $ 21,562  $ 15,998 

Performance Obligations
There was no revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

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Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations on our land sale and lot option contracts is $22.1 million. The Company will recognize the remaining revenue when the lots are taken down, or upon closing for the sale of a land parcel, which is expected to occur as follows (in thousands):
Total
Remainder of 2020 $ 3,669 
2021 15,510 
2022 2,919 
Total $ 22,098 

The timing of lot takedowns is contingent upon a number of factors, including customer needs, the number of lots being purchased, receipt of acceptance of the plat by the municipality, weather-related delays, and agreed-upon lot takedown schedules.

Our contracts with homebuyers have a duration of less than one year. As such, the Company uses the practical expedient as allowed under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and therefore has not disclosed the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations as of the end of the reporting period.

9. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Financial information relating to the Company’s reportable segments is as follows. Operational results of each reportable segment are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been achieved had the reportable segment been an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Revenues: (1)
Builder operations
Central $ 191,749  $ 104,685  $ 467,409  $ 268,278 
Southeast 72,293  95,973  217,111  269,032 
Total builder operations 264,042  200,658  684,520  537,310 
Land development 11,779  8,746  37,401  24,228 
Total revenues $ 275,821  $ 209,404  $ 721,921  $ 561,538 
Gross profit:
Builder operations
Central $ 52,616  $ 24,237  $ 122,561  $ 60,257 
Southeast 19,586  23,540  58,173  67,682 
Total builder operations 72,202  47,777  180,734  127,939 
Land development 2,661  2,300  9,436  6,202 
Corporate, other and unallocated (2)
(6,977) (5,352) (19,420) (13,769)
Total gross profit $ 67,886  $ 44,725  $ 170,750  $ 120,372 
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Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Income before income taxes:
Builder operations
Central $ 32,621  $ 9,960  $ 69,626  $ 22,345 
Southeast 10,964  12,486  31,677  36,852 
Total builder operations 43,585  22,446  101,303  59,197 
Land development 2,540  4,784  8,627  10,300 
Corporate, other and unallocated (3)
(202) (2,258) (5,066) (7,750)
Income before income taxes $ 45,923  $ 24,972  $ 104,864  $ 61,747 

September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Inventory:
Builder operations
Central $ 384,496  $ 251,677 
Southeast 167,988  168,140 
Total builder operations 552,484  419,817 
Land development 201,181  308,071 
Corporate, other and unallocated (4)
25,695  25,679 
Total inventory $ 779,360  $ 753,567 
Goodwill:
Builder operations - Southeast $ 680  $ 680 

(1)The sum of Builder operations Central and Southeast segments’ revenues does not equal residential units revenue included in the condensed consolidated statements of income in periods when our builders have revenues from land or lot closings, which for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, compared to $0.7 million and 0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
(2)Corporate, other and unallocated gross loss is comprised of capitalized overhead and capitalized interest adjustments that are not allocated to builder operations and land development segments.
(3)Corporate, other and unallocated loss before income taxes includes results from Green Brick Title, LLC and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries.
(4)Corporate, other and unallocated inventory consists of capitalized overhead and interest related to work in process and land under development.

10. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $10.0 million and $17.4 million, respectively, compared to $5.8 million and $15.0 million in the prior year periods. The effective tax rate was 21.7% and 16.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to 23.4% and 24.3% in the comparable prior year periods. The change in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 relates primarily to the tax benefit of $7.4 million, net of the required basis adjustment, from the enactment of the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2019 (“the Act”). The Act retroactively reinstated the federal energy efficient homes tax credit that expired on December 31, 2017 to homes closed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020.

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11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company’s RSAs have the right to receive forfeitable dividends on an equal basis with common stock and therefore are not considered participating securities that must be included in the calculation of net income per share using the two-class method.

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, adjusted for nonvested shares of RSAs during each period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method and includes the effect of all dilutive securities, including stock options and RSAs.

The computation of basic and diluted net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. $ 34,819  $ 15,671  $ 84,383  $ 42,736 
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding - basic 50,617  50,475  50,552  50,564 
Basic net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per share $ 0.69  $ 0.31  $ 1.67  $ 0.85 
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding - basic 50,617  50,475  50,552  50,564 
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock awards 259  122  187  78 
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding - diluted 50,876  50,597  50,739  50,642 
Diluted net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per share $ 0.68  $ 0.31  $ 1.66  $ 0.84 

The following shares which could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future are not included in the determination of diluted net income attributable to Green Brick Partners, Inc. per common share (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Antidilutive options to purchase common stock and restricted stock awards —  —  4  19 

12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments, none of which are held for trading purposes, include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, earnest money deposits, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer and builder deposits, borrowings on lines of credit, senior unsecured notes, and contingent consideration liability.

Per the fair value hierarchy, level 1 financial instruments include: cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, earnest money deposits, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and customer and builder deposits due to their short-term nature. The Company estimates that, due to the short-term nature of the underlying financial instruments or the proximity of the underlying transaction to the applicable reporting date, the fair value of level 1 financial instruments does not differ materially from the aggregate carrying values recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Level 2 financial instruments include borrowings on lines of credit and senior unsecured notes. Due to the short-term nature and floating interest rate terms, the carrying amounts of borrowings on lines of credit are deemed to approximate fair value. The estimated fair value of the senior unsecured notes as of September 30, 2020 was $120.1 million.

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The fair value of the contingent consideration liability related to the GRBK GHO business combination was estimated using the internally developed discounted cash flow analysis. As the measurement of the contingent consideration is based primarily on significant inputs not observable in the market, it represents a level 3 measurement. 

Key inputs in measuring the fair value of the contingent consideration liability are management’s projections of GRBK GHO’s net income and debt, and the annual discount rate of 16.5% that reflects the risk associated with achieving the milestones of the contingent consideration payments.

The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for level 3 measurements is as follows (in thousands):

Carrying Value Estimated Fair Value
Contingent consideration liability, balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 5,267  $ 5,267 
Payment of contingent consideration in excess of acquisition date fair value (5,267) (5,267)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration (210) (210)
Contingent consideration liability, balance as of September 30, 2020 $ (210) $ (210)

There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy for any of our financial instruments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Fair Value of Nonfinancial Instruments
Nonfinancial assets and liabilities include inventory which is measured at cost unless the carrying value is determined to be not recoverable in which case the affected instrument is written down to fair value. The fair value of inventory is primarily determined by discounting the estimated future cash flow of each community using various unobservable inputs in our impairment analysis. Per the fair value hierarchy, these items are level 3 nonfinancial instruments. For additional information on the Company’s inventory, refer to Note 3.

13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had the following related party transactions in the normal course of business.

Corporate Officers
Trevor Brickman, the son of Green Brick’s Chief Executive Officer, is the President of CLH20, LLC (“Centre Living”). Green Brick’s ownership interest in Centre Living is 90% and Trevor Brickman’s ownership interest is 10%. Green Brick has 90% voting control over the operations of Centre Living. As such, 100% of Centre Living’s operations are included within our condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, Trevor Brickman made cash contributions to Centre Living of $0.0 million and $0.4 million respectively.

GRBK GHO
GRBK GHO leases office space from entities affiliated with the president of GRBK GHO. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, GRBK GHO incurred de minimis rent expense under such lease agreements. As of September 30, 2020, there were no amounts due to the affiliated entities related to such lease agreements.
    
GRBK GHO receives title closing services on the purchase of land and third-party lots from an entity affiliated with the president of GRBK GHO. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, GRBK GHO incurred de minimis fees related to such title closing services. As of September 30, 2020, no amounts were due to the title company affiliate.

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Letters of Credit and Performance Bonds
During the ordinary course of business, certain regulatory agencies and municipalities require the Company to post letters of credit or performance bonds related to development projects. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, letters of credit outstanding were $7.2 million and $9.0 million, and performance bonds outstanding totaled $10.4 million and $5.4
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million, respectively. The Company does not believe that it is likely that any material claims will be made under a letter of credit or performance bond in the foreseeable future.

Warranties
Warranty accruals are included within accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Warranty activity during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Warranty accrual, beginning of period $ 4,851  $ 2,898  $ 3,840  $ 2,980 
Warranties issued 1,137  930  2,992  2,351 
Changes in liability for existing warranties 51  169  (88) 72 
Settlements (638) (639) (1,343) (2,045)
Warranty accrual, end of period $ 5,401  $ 3,358  $ 5,401  $ 3,358 

Operating Leases
The Company has leases associated with office and design center space in Georgia, Texas, and Florida that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of more than 12 months and are classified as operating leases. The exercise of any extension options available in such operating lease contracts is not reasonably certain.
Operating lease cost of $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.9 million in the prior year periods, is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
As of September 30, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate used in calculating our lease liabilities were 2.6 years and 5.3%, respectively.
The future annual undiscounted cash flows in relation to the operating leases and a reconciliation of such undiscounted cash flows to the operating lease liabilities recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 are presented below (in thousands):
Remainder of 2020 $ 334 
2021 1,092 
2022 817 
2023 1,216 
2024 86 
Thereafter 153 
Total future lease payments $ 3,698 
Less: Interest 810 
Present value of lease liabilities $ 2,888 

The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. For such leases, the Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities and instead recognizes lease payments in the condensed consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis. Short-term lease cost of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the comparable prior year periods, is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

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Legal Matters
Lawsuits, claims and proceedings may be instituted or asserted against us in the normal course of business. The Company is also subject to local, state and federal laws and regulations related to land development activities, house construction standards, sales practices, title company regulations, employment practices and environmental protection. As a result, the Company may be subject to periodic examinations or inquiry by agencies administering these laws and regulations.

The Company records an accrual for legal claims and regulatory matters when they are probable of occurring and a potential loss is reasonably estimable. The Company accrues for these matters based on facts and circumstances specific to each matter and revises these estimates when necessary.

In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting outcomes of legal claims and related contingencies, the Company generally cannot predict their ultimate resolution, related timing or eventual loss. If evaluations indicate loss contingencies that could be material are not probable, but are reasonably possible, the Company will disclose their nature with an estimate of the possible range of losses or a statement that such loss is not reasonably estimable. We believe that the disposition of legal claims and related contingencies will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity or on our financial condition.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements concern expectations, beliefs, projections, plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements typically include the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “consider,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “projection,” “seek,” “strategy,” “target,” “will” or other words of similar meaning. Some of them are opinions formed based upon general observations, anecdotal evidence and industry experience, but that are not supported by specific investigation or analysis. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report include statements concerning (1) our balance sheet strategy and belief that we have ample liquidity; (2) our goals and strategies and their anticipated benefits; (3) the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the homebuilding industry and our results of operations, business and liquidity, including the impact on demand for new home sales, closings and cancellations; (4) our intentions and the expected benefits and advantages of our product and land positioning strategies; (5) our beliefs regarding average industry cancellation rates; (6) expectations regarding our industry and our business in the remainder of 2020 and beyond; (7) the contribution of certain market factors to our growth; (7) our land and lot acquisition strategy; (8) the sufficiency of our capital resources to support our business strategy and to service our debt; (9) the impact of new accounting standards and changes in accounting estimates; (10) trends and expectations regarding sales prices, sales orders, cancellations, construction costs, gross margins, land costs and profitability and future home inventories; (11) our future cash needs; (12) our strategy to utilize leverage to invest in our business; (13) seasonal factors and the impact of seasonality in future quarters; and (14) our expectations regarding access to additional growth capital

These statements are necessarily subjective and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements described in or implied by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from expected results described in our forward-looking statements, including with respect to correct measurement and identification of factors affecting our business or the extent of their likely impact, the accuracy and completeness of the publicly available information with respect to the factors upon which our business strategy is based or the success of our business. In addition, even if results are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, those results may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. Furthermore, industry forecasts are likely to be inaccurate, especially over long periods of time and in industries particularly sensitive to market conditions such as land development, homebuilding and builder financing.

These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. We wish to caution readers that certain important factors may have affected and could in the future affect our actual results and could cause actual results to differ significantly from what is anticipated by our forward-looking statements.
These risks include, but are not limited to: (1) continuing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) general economic conditions, seasonality, cyclicality and competition in the homebuilding industry; (3) changes in macroeconomic conditions, including interest rates and unemployment rates that could adversely impact demand for new homes or the ability of our buyers to qualify; (4) shortages, delays or increased costs of raw materials, especially in light of COVID-19, or increases in the Company’s other operating costs, including costs related to labor, real estate taxes and insurance, which in each case exceed our ability to increase prices; (5) a shortage of labor, (6) an inability to acquire land in our markets for at anticipated prices or difficulty in obtaining land-use entitlements; (7) our inability to successfully execute our strategies; (8) a failure to recruit, retain or develop highly skilled and competent employees; (9) government regulation risks; (10) a lack of availability or
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volatility of mortgage financing or a rise in interest rates; (11) severe weather events or natural disasters; (12) difficulty in obtaining sufficient capital to fund our growth; (13) our ability to meet our debt service obligations; (14) a decline in the value of our inventories and resulting write-downs of the carrying value of our real estate assets; and (15) changes in accounting standards that adversely affect our reported earnings or financial condition.

Please see “Risk Factors” located in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties which could affect our future results. We undertake no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of those statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, except to the extent we are legally required to disclose certain matters in SEC filings or otherwise.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 6, 2020. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview and Outlook
For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, we delivered record results in three of our four key financial and operating metrics. Our key financial and operating metrics are home deliveries, home closings revenue, average sales price of homes delivered, and net new home orders, which refers to sales contracts executed reduced by the number of sales contracts canceled during the relevant period. Our results for each key financial and operating metric, as compared to the same period in 2019, are provided below:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Home deliveries
Increased by 40.4%
Increased by 34.7%
Home closings revenue
Increased by 33.0%
Increased by 28.2%
Average sales price of homes delivered
Decreased by 5.3%
Decreased by 4.8%
Net new home orders
Increased by 88.8%.
Increased by 52.7%

The United States has been impacted by the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic. While response to the COVID-19 outbreak continues to rapidly evolve, during March and the second quarter these steps included stay-at-home orders and social distancing guidelines that have seriously disrupted activities in many other segments of the economy. However, throughout the pandemic, we have continued to build, close and sell homes in our markets. Although uncertainty caused by COVID-19 dramatically slowed net new home orders in late March and April 2020, during May and June 2020, our sales rebounded. Our rate of sales accelerated in the third quarter with an increase in net sales by 29.2%, 134.8% and 124.2% during July, August, and September 2020 over the prior monthly periods. The initial recovery and overwhelming expansion of our sales activity since May is attributable to the steady growth and strong performance of our new Trophy brand division, an increase in average selling communities as well as the impact of macroeconomic factors such as low interest rates, an influx of millennia first-time home buyers and demand for suburban homes from apartment dwellers in response to COVID-19.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Residential Units Revenue and New Homes Delivered
The table below represents residential units revenue and new homes delivered for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 Change %
Home closings revenue $ 262,319  $ 197,280  $ 65,039  33.0%
Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue 1,566  2,638  (1,072) (40.6)%
Residential units revenue $ 263,885  $ 199,918  $ 63,967  32.0%
New homes delivered 622  443  179  40.4%
Average sales price of homes delivered $ 421.7  $ 445.3  $ (23.6) (5.3)%

The $64.0 million increase in residential units revenue was primarily driven by the 40.4% increase in new homes delivered, which was primarily due to a large backlog of homes entering the quarter, an increased number of units under construction entering the quarter, a 58.2% increase in our absorption rate for net new home orders per average active selling community, and an organic increase in the number of active selling communities. The 5.3% decrease in the average sales price of homes delivered for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was attributable to our growth in revenues which was substantially from Trophy Signature Homes and CB JENI Homes - Townhome Division, that both sell homes at average sales prices that are below the average sales price for the Company.

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New Home Orders and Backlog
The table below represents new home orders and backlog related to our builder operations segments, excluding mechanic’s lien contracts (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 Change %
Net new home orders 823  436  387  88.8  %
Cancellation rate 11.7  % 12.6  % (0.9) % (7.1) %
Absorption rate per average active selling community per quarter 8.7  5.5  3.2  58.2  %
Average active selling communities 95  80  15  18.8  %
Active selling communities at end of period 100  85  15  17.6  %
Backlog $ 553,058  $ 319,739  $ 233,319  73.0  %
Backlog (units) 1,200  710  490  69.0  %
Average sales price of backlog $ 460.9  $ 450.3  $ 10.6  2.4  %

Net new home orders increased 88.8% over the prior year period. The increase reflects the strong performance of our new Trophy brand division, an 18.8% increase in average selling communities, as well as the impact of macroeconomic factors such as low interest rates, an influx of millennia first-time buyers and demand for suburban homes from apartment dwellers in response to COVID-19. Our absorption rate per average active selling community increased 58.2% year over year. Although uncertainty caused by COVID-19 dramatically slowed net new home order volume in late March and April 2020, since then we have experienced significant increases in sales order activity. Our rate of sales accelerated in the third quarter with an increase in net sales of 29.2%, 134.8% and 124.2% during July, August, and September 2020 over the prior monthly periods.

Backlog refers to homes under sales contracts that have not yet closed at the end of the relevant period, and absorption rate refers to the rate at which net new home orders are contracted per average active selling community during the relevant period. Upon a cancellation, the escrow deposit may be returned to the prospective purchaser. Accordingly, backlog may not be indicative of our future revenue.

Our cancellation rate, which refers to sales contracts canceled divided by sales contracts executed during the relevant period, was 11.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 12.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Sales contracts relating to homes in backlog may be canceled by the prospective purchaser for a number of reasons, such as the prospective purchaser’s inability to obtain suitable mortgage financing. Upon a cancellation, the escrow deposit may be returned to the prospective purchaser. Management believes a cancellation rate in the range of 15% to 20% is representative of an industry average cancellation rate.
The $233.3 million increase in value of backlog was due to the 69.0% increase in the number of homes in backlog and the 2.4% increase in the average sales price of backlog. The 69.0% increase in the number of homes in backlog was due to a 58.2% increase in the absorption rate per average active selling community and a 18.8% increase in the number of average active selling communities, as well as the record level of backlog entering the quarter. The increase of the average sales price of homes in backlog was the result of change in product mix.

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Residential Units Gross Margin
The table below represents the components of residential units gross margin (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Home closings revenue $ 262,319  100.0  % $ 197,280  100.0  %
Cost of homebuilding units 197,135  75.2  % 155,576  78.9  %
Homebuilding gross margin $ 65,184  24.8  % $ 41,704  21.1  %
Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue $ 1,566  100.0  $ 2,638  100.0  %
Cost of mechanic’s lien contracts 1,287  82.2  1,667  63.2  %
Mechanic’s lien contracts gross margin $ 279  17.8  $ 971  36.8  %
Residential units revenue $ 263,885  100.0  % $ 199,918  100.0  %
Cost of residential units 198,422  75.2  % 157,243  78.7  %
Residential units gross margin $ 65,463  24.8  % $ 42,675  21.3  %

Cost of residential units for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $41.2 million, or 26.2%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the 40.4% increase in the number of new homes delivered.

Residential units gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased to 24.8%, compared to 21.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily because of a decrease in sales incentives offered to customers, price increases to homes sold in certain communities, and building homes on lots developed by the Company where our lower land cost increases our profitability.

Land and Lots Revenue
The table below represents lots closed and land and lots revenue (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 Change %
Lots revenue $ 11,936  $ 9,486  $ 2,450  25.8  %
Land revenue —  —  —  — 
Land and lots revenue $ 11,936  $ 9,486  $ 2,450  25.8  %
Lots closed 138  61  77  126.2  %
Average sales price of lots closed $ 86.5  $ 155.5  $ (69.0) (44.4) %
Lots revenue increased by 25.8%, primarily driven by a 126.2% increase in the number of lots closed. The average lot price decreased by 44.4% due to a higher number of entry level lots sold.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The table below represents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, As Percentage of Segment Revenue
2020 2019 2020 2019
Builder operations $ 29,030  $ 24,112  11.0  % 12.0  %
Land development 161  485  1.4  % 5.5  %
Corporate, other and unallocated (14) 464  —  — 
Total selling, general and administrative expenses $ 29,177  $ 25,061  10.6  % 12.0  %

The 1.4% decrease of total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by headcount reductions and higher revenues partially offset by an increase in commission expenses.

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Builder Operations
The 1.0% decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for builder operations was primarily attributable to an increase in builder operations revenues. Builder operations expenditures include salary expenses, sales commissions, and community costs such as advertising and marketing expenses, rent, professional fees, and non-capitalized property taxes.

Land Development
The 4.1% decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for land development was primarily attributable to an increase in land development segment revenues.

Corporate, Other and Unallocated
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the corporate, other and unallocated non-operating segment for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.0 million, compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, the decrease driven primarily by an increase in capitalized overhead adjustments that are not allocated to builder operations and land development segments.

Equity in Income of Unconsolidated Entities
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities increased to $5.3 million, or 75.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in earnings from GB Challenger, LLC and Green Brick Mortgage, LLC.

Other (Loss) Income, Net
Other income, net, decreased to $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to income of $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, the decrease is primarily attributable to the impact of customer earnest money deposits of $2.6 million on the sale of finished lots forfeited during the three months ended September 30, 2019, and partially offset by an increase of title closing and settlement services of $0.8 million arising from a higher volume of closings during the period.

Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, the increase was due to a higher taxable income substantially offset by a lower effective tax rate due to estimated savings from federal energy efficient homes tax credits for the 2020 tax year.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Residential Units Revenue and New Homes Delivered
The table below represents residential units revenue and new homes delivered for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 Change %
Home closings revenue $ 678,352  $ 529,003  $ 149,349  28.2%
Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue 5,387  7,557  (2,170) (28.7)%
Residential units revenue $ 683,739  $ 536,560  $ 147,179  27.4%
New homes delivered 1,623  1,205  418  34.7%
Average sales price of homes delivered $ 418.0  $ 439.0  $ (21.0) (4.8)%

The $149.3 million increase in residential units revenue was driven by the 34.7% increase in new homes delivered, which was due to a 25.5% increase in our absorption rate for net new home orders per average active selling community, as well as an organic increase in the number of active selling communities. The 4.8% decrease in the average sales price of homes delivered for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was attributable to our growth in revenues which was substantially from Trophy Signature Homes and CB Jeni Homes—Townhome Division, that both sell homes at average sales prices that are below the average sales price for the Company.

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New Home Orders and Backlog
The table below represents new home orders and backlog related to our builder operations segments, excluding mechanic’s lien contracts (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 Change %
Net new home orders 2,037  1,334  703  52.7  %
Cancellation rate 14.7  % 13.7  % 1.0  % 7.3  %
Absorption rate per average active selling community per quarter 6.9  5.5  1.4  25.5  %
Average active selling communities 98  81  17  21.0  %
Active selling communities at end of period 100  85  15  17.6  %

Net new home orders increased 52.7% over the prior year period. The increase reflects the strong performance of our new Trophy brand division, a 21.0% increase in average selling communities as well as the impact of macroeconomic factors such as low interest rates, an influx of millennia first-time buyers and demand for suburban homes from apartment dwellers in response to COVID-19. Our absorption rate per average active selling community increased 25.5% year over year. Although uncertainty caused by COVID-19 dramatically slowed net new home order volume in late March and April 2020, since then we have experienced significant increases in sales order activity. Our rate of sales accelerated in the third quarter with an increase in net sales of 29.2%, 134.8% and 124.2% during July, August, and September 2020 over the prior monthly periods.

Our cancellation rate, which refers to sales contracts canceled divided by sales contracts executed during the relevant period, was 14.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 13.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Sales contracts relating to homes in backlog may be canceled by the prospective purchaser for a number of reasons, such as the prospective purchaser’s inability to obtain suitable mortgage financing. Upon a cancellation, the escrow deposit may be returned to the prospective purchaser. Management believes a cancellation rate in the range of 15% to 20% is representative of an industry average cancellation rate.

Residential Units Gross Margin
The table below represents the components of residential units gross margin (dollars in thousands):

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019
Home closings revenue $ 678,352  100.0  % $ 529,003  100.0  %
Cost of homebuilding units 516,902  76.2  % 416,300  78.7  %
Homebuilding gross margin $ 161,450  23.8  % $ 112,703  21.3  %
Mechanic’s lien contracts revenue $ 5,387  100.0  $ 7,557  100.0  %
Cost of mechanic’s lien contracts 4,430  82.2  5,363  71.0  %
Mechanic’s lien contracts gross margin $ 957  17.8  $ 2,194  29.0  %
Residential units revenue $ 683,739  100.0  % $ 536,560  100.0  %
Cost of residential units 521,332  76.2  % 421,663  78.6  %
Residential units gross margin $ 162,407  23.8  % $ 114,897  21.4  %

Cost of residential units for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $99.7 million, or 23.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the 34.7% increase in the number of new homes delivered.

Residential units gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased to 23.8%, compared to 21.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily because of a decrease in sales incentives offered to customers, price increases to homes sold in certain communities, and building homes on lots developed by the Company where our lower land cost increases our profitability.

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Land and Lots Revenue
The table below represents lots closed and land and lots revenue (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 Change %
Lots revenue $ 37,798  $ 24,968  $ 12,830  51.4  %
Land revenue 384  $ 10  374  3,740.0  %
Land and lots revenue $ 38,182  $ 24,978  $ 13,204  52.9  %
Lots closed 302  166  136  81.9  %
Average sales price of lots closed $ 125.2  $ 150.4  $ (25.2) (16.8) %

Lots revenue increased by 51.4%, driven by a 81.9% increase in the number of lots closed. The average lot price decreased by 16.8% due to a higher number of entry level lots sold.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
The table below represents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses (dollars in thousands):
Nine Months Ended September 30, As Percentage of Segment Revenue
2020 2019 2020 2019
Builder operations $ 79,075  $ 66,550  11.6  % 12.4  %
Land development 772  1,219  2.1  % 5.0  %
Corporate, other and unallocated 1,871  2,815  —  — 
Total selling, general and administrative expenses $ 81,718  $ 70,584  11.3  % 12.6  %

The 1.3% decrease of total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by headcount reductions and an increase in revenues.
Builder Operations
The 0.8% decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for builder operations was primarily attributable to increases in builder operations revenues and the payroll deductions noted above. Builder operations expenditures include salary expenses, sales commissions, and community costs such as advertising and marketing expenses, rent, professional fees, and non-capitalized property taxes.

Land Development
The 2.9% decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue for land development was primarily attributable to internal cost efficiencies, as some of our selling, general and administrative expenses did not increase with the increase of land development segment revenues.

Corporate, Other and Unallocated
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the corporate, other and unallocated non-operating segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.9 million, compared to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the decrease driven primarily by an increase in capitalized overhead adjustments that are not allocated to builder operations and land development segments.

Equity in Income of Unconsolidated Entities
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities increased to $13.0 million, or 72.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in earnings from GB Challenger, LLC and Green Brick Mortgage, LLC.

Other (Loss) Income, Net
Other income, net, of $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to income of $6.1 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, decreased primarily due to $1.5 million of allowances for option deposits and pre-
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acquisition costs caused by COVID-19 pandemic considerations, and the impact of customer earnest money deposit of $4.0 million on the sale of finished lots forfeited during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, which were partially offset by an increase in title closing and settlement services of $2.1 million arising from higher volume of closings during the period.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $17.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the increase was due to a higher taxable income substantially offset by a lower effective tax rate due to estimated savings from federal energy efficient homes tax credits for the 2020 tax year.

Lots Owned and Controlled
The following table presents the lots we owned or controlled, including lot option contracts, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Owned lots are those for which we hold title, while controlled lots are those for which we have the contractual right to acquire title but we do not currently own.
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Lots owned
Central 4,564  4,223 
Southeast 2,067  2,196 
Total lots owned 6,631  6,419 
Lots controlled      
Central 4,381  1,410 
Southeast 1,054  1,147 
Total lots controlled 5,435  2,557 
Total lots owned and controlled (1)
12,066  8,976 
Percentage of lots owned 55.0  % 71.5  %


(1) Total lots excludes lots with homes under construction.

The following table presents additional information on the lots we controlled as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Lots under third party option contracts 2,728  1,574 
Land under option for future acquisition and development 869  431 
Lots under option through unconsolidated development joint ventures 1,838  552 
Total lots controlled 5,435  2,557 

Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $40.3 million and $33.3 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, respectively. Our historical cash management strategy includes redeploying net cash from the sale of home inventory to acquire and develop land and lots that represent opportunities to generate desired margins and using cash to make additional investments in business acquisitions, joint ventures, or other strategic activities. In response to the extraordinary circumstances created by the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the second part of the first quarter of 2020 management took measures to significantly curtail land and lot acquisitions. However, as we began to see increased market activity commencing in May and accelerating into June, we re-initiated much of the previously planned capital expenditures. Specifically, we restarted construction of unsold units, recommenced purchases of lots and land and resumed development of land to reflect the market activity. We have continued moderate product price increases to offset some cost input increases like lumber and expect to maintain our industry leading high margins. We continue to monitor our fixed costs to position us to be responsive to the changing market conditions and have delivered this growth without returning to prior overhead levels.

Our principal uses of capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were home construction, land purchases, land development, repayments of lines of credit, operating expenses, and payment of routine liabilities. We used funds generated by
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operations and available borrowings to meet our short-term working capital requirements. We remain focused on generating positive margins in our builder operations segments and acquiring desirable land positions in order to maintain a strong balance sheet and remain poised for continued growth.

Cash flows for each of our communities depend on the community’s stage in the development cycle and can differ substantially from reported earnings. Early stages of development or expansion require significant cash outlays for land acquisitions, entitlements and other approvals, roads, utilities, general landscaping and other amenities. These costs are a component of our inventory and are not recognized in our statement of income until a home closes. In the later stages of community development, cash inflows may significantly exceed earnings reported for financial statement purposes, as the cash outflows associated with home construction and land development previously occurred.

Our debt to total capitalization ratio, which is calculated as the sum of borrowings on lines of credit, the senior unsecured notes, and notes payable, net of debt issuance costs (“total debt”), divided by the total capitalization, which equals the sum of Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity and total debt, was approximately 25.3% as of September 30, 2020. In addition, as of September 30, 2020, our net debt to total capitalization ratio, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, remained low at 21.4%. It is our intent to prudently employ leverage to continue to invest in our land acquisition, development and homebuilding businesses. We target a debt to total capitalization ratio of approximately 30% to 35%, which we expect will provide us with significant additional growth capital.

Reconciliation of a Non-GAAP Financial Measure
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we utilize a financial measure of net debt to total capitalization ratio that is a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Net debt to total capitalization is calculated as the total debt less cash and cash equivalents, divided by the sum of total Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity and total debt less cash and cash equivalents. We present this measure because we believe it is useful to management and investors in evaluating the Company’s financing structure. We also believe this measure facilitates the comparison of our financing structure with other companies in our industry. Because this measure is not calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), it may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The closest GAAP financial measure to the net debt to total capitalization ratio is the debt to total capitalization ratio. The following table represents a reconciliation of the net debt to total capitalization ratio to the closest GAAP financial measure as of September 30, 2020:

Gross Cash and cash equivalents Net
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs $ 206,648  $ (40,269) $ 166,379 
Total Green Brick Partners, Inc. stockholders’ equity 610,079  —  610,079 
Total capitalization $ 816,727  $ (40,269) $ 776,458 
Debt to total capitalization ratio 25.3  %
Net debt to total capitalization ratio 21.4  %

Key Sources of Liquidity

The Company’s key sources of liquidity were funds generated by operations and borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $4.0 million outstanding under our Secured Revolving Credit facility, down from $38.0 million as of December 31, 2019. Borrowings on the Secured Revolving Credit facility have a maturity date of May 1, 2022 and bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to the rate announced by Bank of America, N.A. as its “Prime Rate” less 0.25%. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the interest may not, at any time, be less than 4% per annum or more than the lesser amount of 18% and the highest maximum rate allowed by applicable law. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Secured Revolving Credit Facility was 4.00% per annum.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $90.5 million outstanding under our Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility, down from $128.0 million as of December 31, 2019. Based on the unprecedented disruptions to the credit and economic markets arising
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from the COVID-19 pandemic, we drew the unutilized portion of our Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility during the three months ended March 31, 2020. However, these amounts were repaid in June 2020 once it was apparent that our access to liquidity in the financial markets was not compromised. Borrowings on the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility have a maturity date of December 14, 2021 for $12.6 million and December 14, 2022 for $77.9 million, respectively, and bear interest at a floating rate equal to either (a) for base rate advances, the highest of (1) the lender’s base rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.5% and (3) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, in each case plus 1.5%; or (b) in the case of Eurodollar rate advances, the reserve adjusted LIBOR plus 2.5%. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rates on outstanding borrowings under the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility ranged from 2.64% to 2.66% per annum.

During the quarter, we issued $37.5 million in senior unsecured notes pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement with The Prudential Insurance Company of America and Prudential Universal Reinsurance Company. The Company received net proceeds of $37.4 million and incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $0.1 million that were deferred and reduced the amount of debt on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes to repay borrowings under the Company’s existing revolving credit facilities and for general corporate purposes.

We had an aggregate of $112.5 million and $75.0 million in senior unsecured notes as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Principal of $75.0 million of the senior unsecured notes is required to be paid in increments of $12.5 million on August 8, 2024 and $12.5 million on August 8, 2025. The final principal payment of $50.0 million is due on August 8, 2026. Optional prepayment is allowed with payment of a “make-whole” premium which fluctuates depending on market interest rates. Interest, which accrues at a fixed rate of 4.00% per annum, is payable quarterly in arrears commencing November 8, 2019. Principal of $37.5 million of the senior unsecured notes is due on August 26, 2027. Interest, which accrues at a fixed rate of 3.35% per annum is payable quarterly in arrears commencing on November 26, 2020.

Our debt instruments require us to maintain specific financial covenants, each of which we were in compliance with as of September 30, 2020. Specifically, under the most restrictive covenants, we are required to maintain (1) a minimum interest coverage (consolidated EBITDA to interest incurred) of no less than 2.0 to 1.0 and, as of September 30, 2020, our interest coverage on a last 12 months’ basis was 12.71 to 1.0, (2) a Consolidated Tangible Net Worth of no less than approximately $398.5 million and, as of September 30, 2020, we had $609.4 million and (3) maximum debt to total capitalization rolling average ratio of no more than 40.0% and, as of September 30, 2020, we had a rolling average ratio of 29.3%.

As of September 30, 2020, we believe that our cash on hand, capacity available under our lines of credit and cash flows from operations for the next twelve months will be sufficient to service our outstanding debt during the next twelve months. For additional information on the Company’s lines of credit and senior unsecured notes, refer to Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements located in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Cash Flows
The following summarizes our primary sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

•Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $64.1 million, compared to $21.2 million used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The net cash inflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily driven by $87.9 million of cash generated from business operations and the deferral of expense payments through a $25.2 million increase in accrued expenses, partially offset by an increase in earnest money deposits of $9.1 million, an increase in inventory of $25.3 million, and an increase in other assets of $7.0 million.

•Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased to $12.1 million, compared to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily driven by a $9.0 million investment in joint venture GBTM Sendera and a $0.5 million investment into a newly formed equity investee BHome Mortgage LLC.

•Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $38.9 million, compared to $22.6 million provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The cash outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to $289.0 million of repayments of lines of credit and $6.8 million of distributions to noncontrolling interests partners, partially offset by borrowings on lines of credit of $217.5 million and senior unsecured notes of $37.5 million.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Land and Lot Option Contracts
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into land purchase contracts with third-party developers in order to procure lots for the construction of our homes in the future. We are subject to customary obligations associated with such contracts. These purchase contracts typically require an earnest money deposit, and the purchase of properties under these contracts is generally contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements, including obtaining applicable property and development entitlements.

We also utilize option contracts with lot sellers as a method of acquiring lots in staged takedowns, which are the schedules that dictate when lots must be purchased to help manage the financial and market risk associated with land holdings, and to reduce the use of funds from our corporate financing sources. Lot option contracts generally require us to pay a non-refundable deposit for the right to acquire lots over a specified period of time at pre-determined prices which typically include escalations in lot prices over time.

Our utilization of lot option contracts is dependent on, among other things, the availability of land sellers willing to enter into these arrangements, the availability of capital to finance the development of optioned lots, general housing market conditions and local market dynamics. Options may be more difficult to procure from land sellers in strong housing markets and are more prevalent in certain geographic regions.

We generally have the right, at our discretion, to terminate our obligations under both purchase contracts and option contracts by forfeiting the earnest money deposit with no further financial responsibility to the land seller. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, management determined to increase the allowance for certain option contracts due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the homebuilding industry and projected future demand for homes in certain markets and/or locations. However, management subsequently reassessed the market situation based on new information available. As a result, reversal of allowances for earnest money deposits and pre-acquisition costs related to option contracts reflected a de minimis impact for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and a net loss of $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had earnest money deposits of $24.6 million at risk associated with contracts to purchase 4,156 lots past feasibility studies with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $273.9 million.

Letters of Credit and Performance Bonds
Refer to Note 14 in the accompanying Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details of letters of credit and performance bonds outstanding.

Guarantee
Refer to Note 3 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for details of our guarantee in relation to EJB River Holdings, LLC joint venture.

Seasonality

The homebuilding industry experiences seasonal fluctuations in quarterly operating results and capital requirements. We typically experience the highest new home order activity in spring and summer, although this activity is highly dependent on the number of active selling communities, timing of new community openings and other market factors. Since it typically takes five to nine months to construct a new home, we normally deliver more homes in the second half of the year as spring and summer home orders are delivered. Because of this seasonality, home starts, construction costs and related cash outflows have historically been highest in the second and third quarters, and the majority of cash receipts from home deliveries occur during the second half of the year. However, the impact of COVID-19, including the temporary halt of speculative home construction and lot development, as well as significant demand in the third quarter, may mitigate this benefit in the fourth quarter.

Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies are described in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
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See Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for recent accounting pronouncements.

Related Party Transactions
See Note 13 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of our transactions with related parties.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer ( “CEO”) and principal financial officer (“CFO”), we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2020 in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file, furnish, submit or otherwise provide to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports filed by us under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, in such a manner as to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, there were no changes in our internal controls that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a discussion of our risk factors. The information presented below updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors and information disclosed in our Form 10-K. In addition to those risks set forth below, many of the risk factors contained in our Form 10-K are, and will be, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and any worsening of the global business and economic environment as a result.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic and resulting worldwide economic conditions are adversely affecting, and will continue to adversely affect, our business operations, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was identified in Wuhan, China. This virus continues to spread globally and in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, and disrupted global supply chains. In addition, there have been extraordinary and wide-ranging actions taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions across the United States and the world, including quarantines and “shelter-in-place” orders and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations. While many of these quarantines and “shelter-in-place” orders were lifted in the latter half of the second quarter, based on the recent surge of COVID-19 cases in parts of the country in which we operate, there are concerns that state and local public health and governmental authorities could reimpose restrictions that would affect the economy in general and our operations.

Our first focus in addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was implementing steps to minimize the risk to our employees, trade partners and customers. While residential homebuilding is considered an essential service in each of the markets in which we operate, we are still taking steps to increase the safety of our employees, trade partners and customers. For example, we (1) initially closed our sales centers, model homes, and design centers to the general public and shifted to appointment-only interactions with our customers and have now shifted to walk-in appointments and are following recommended social distancing and other health and safety protocols when meeting in person with a customer, (2) modified our construction operations to enforce enhanced safety protocols around social distancing, hygiene, and health screening and (3) modified our corporate and division office functions in order to allow all of our employees to work remotely except for essential minimum basic operations which could only be done in an office setting.

From a business standpoint, the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the responsive actions taken by federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities resulted in a significant downturn in sales activity in our operations and the homebuilding industry as a whole. For example, in the final two weeks of March and through the end of April, the impact of shelter-in-place/stay-at-home restrictions materially reduced our new home sales in March and April, as compared to the same period in the prior year, and increased cancellations. However, as stay-at-home orders and quarantines were lifted, we began to see significant uptick in sales activity in the latter part of the second quarter and throughout the third quarter. Nevertheless, there are still significant concerns of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy in general and the housing market specifically. For example, we are currently experiencing supply chain issues with the availability of appliances and cost of lumber and may experience other adverse impacts on our supply chain, including availability and cost, if the international flow of goods is not normalized. These delays and additional costs could impact our ability to close sales at our anticipated pace and reduce margins. Our financial performance and our future operational results will depend on the duration and spread of the pandemic and related government restrictions, the impact of unemployment rates, and other economic factors all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted.

As we began to see increased market activity, we re-initiated much of the previously planned capital expenditures that we had placed on hold in March based on market uncertainty. Specifically, we restarted construction of unsold units, recommenced purchases of lots and land and resumed development of land to reflect the market activity. The length and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and the homebuilding industry is difficult to estimate as is the potential mitigating effects of economic relief efforts on the U.S. economy, unemployment, consumer confidence, demand for our homes and the mortgage market, including lending standards and secondary mortgage markets. However, if there is a prolonged economic downturn and/or an extended rise in unemployment or tempering of wage growth, we would expect to experience, among other things, increases in the cancellation rates for homes in our backlog, and decreases in our net new sales orders, homes delivered, revenues, and profitability. We could also be forced to reduce our average selling prices in order to generate consumer demand or in reaction to competitive pressures. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 5.02(e)

As previously announced, in response to the extreme uncertainty facing the Company and the homebuilding industry in late March as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective as of April 1, 2020 each of the named executive officers, including the Chief Executive Officer, had voluntarily agreed to reduce their base salaries for the remainder of the calendar year. However, based on the strong sales and financial results generated by the Company during the second quarter of 2020 and the continued
34
strength of sales and revenue anticipated through the end of the year, on July 29, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved reinstating the base salary reductions for each of the named executive officers to the amounts set forth in their respective employment agreements retroactive to April 1, 2020. The complete terms of the employment arrangements with each of the Company’s named executive officers is set forth in their respective employment agreements previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Number Description
10.41*
10.42*
10.8(a)*
31.1*
31.2*
32.1*
32.2*
101.INS** XBRL Instance Document. The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE** XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104** Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101).

*    Filed with this Form 10-Q.
** Submitted electronically herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

GREEN BRICK PARTNERS, INC.
/s/ James R. Brickman
By: James R. Brickman
Its: Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Richard A. Costello
By: Richard A. Costello
Its: Chief Financial Officer

Date:    October 29, 2020
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