NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(dollar values in thousands, except per share data)
Note 1: Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Business Description and Basis of Presentation
Novan, Inc. (“Novan” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), is a North Carolina-based clinical development-stage biotechnology company focused on leveraging nitric oxide’s naturally occurring anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action to treat a range of diseases with significant unmet needs. Novan was incorporated in January 2006 under the state laws of Delaware. Its wholly-owned subsidiary, Novan Therapeutics, LLC was organized in 2015 under the state laws of North Carolina. On March 14, 2019, the Company completed registration of a wholly-owned Ireland-based subsidiary, Novan Therapeutics, Limited.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The December 31, 2018 year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Additionally, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm report for the December 31, 2018 financial statements included an explanatory paragraph indicating that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Basis of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Liquidity and Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company has evaluated principal conditions and events that may raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date that these financial statements are issued. The Company identified the following conditions:
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The Company has reported a net loss in all fiscal periods since inception and, as of September 30, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $206,500.
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As described in Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements, in April 2019 and May 2019 the Company entered into (i) a royalty and milestone payments purchase agreement with a stockholder providing $25,000 of immediate funding, with an additional $10,000 contingent upon achieving successful top-line results of the SB206 Phase 3 clinical trials no later than March 31, 2020; and (ii) a development funding and royalties agreement with a corporate partner providing $12,000 of immediate funding.
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As described in Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity, in August 2019 the Company entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, (“Aspire Capital”) which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $25,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during the 30-month term of the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. In consideration for entering into the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, concurrently with the execution of the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 345,622 shares of the Company’s common stock as a commitment fee. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has sold 100,000 shares of common stock at a price of $2.61 per share under the Aspire
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Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The Company has remaining availability for sales of its common stock under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement of up to $24,739 as of September 30, 2019.
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As of September 30, 2019, the Company had a total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balance of $22,545.
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The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balance and expected contractual payments to be received in connection with previous licensing agreements will (i) provide the Company with adequate liquidity to fund its planned operating needs into the first quarter of 2020, including through expected top-line results of the SB206 Phase 3 clinical trials targeted in the first quarter of 2020, or before; and (ii) into the second quarter of 2020, if paired with the potential $10,000 funding contingent upon achieving successful top-line results of the SB206 Phase 3 clinical trials no later than March 31, 2020. This projected cash runway excludes potential sales of common stock under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement.
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The Company’s primary use of cash is to fund its operating expenses, which consist principally of research and development expenditures necessary to advance its product candidates. The Company has evaluated its expected, probable future cash flow needs and has determined that it expects to incur substantial losses in the future as it conducts planned operating activities. As such, the Company has concluded that the prevailing conditions and ongoing liquidity risks it faces raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The Company will need substantial additional funding to continue its operating activities and make further advancements in its drug development programs beyond those planned in 2019 and the first half of 2020.
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The failure of the Company to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms, including the inability to utilize the maximum amount available under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or the failure to trigger the $10,000 contingent payment under the Company’s royalty and milestone payments purchase agreement, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and cause the Company to alter or reduce its planned operating activities, including but not limited to delaying, reducing, terminating or eliminating planned product candidate development activities, to conserve its cash and cash equivalents. The Company intends to secure additional capital as needed, including under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Additional capital may potentially include (i) non-dilutive sources, such as partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships; or (ii) equity or debt financings, which could cause dilution.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any future period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2018 set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2019.
Contracts and Grants Receivable
The Company carries its contracts and grants receivable net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. All receivables or portions thereof that are deemed to be uncollectible or that require excessive collection costs are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts when it is probable that the receivable is unrecoverable. The Company actively reviews and evaluates its contracts and grants receivable, but no allowance for doubtful accounts has been considered necessary as of September 30, 2019. Actual results could differ from the estimates that were used. The Company did not have a contracts and grants receivable balance as of December 31, 2018.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 includes $539 of funds maintained in a separate deposit account to secure a letter of credit for the benefit of the lessor of facility space leased by the Company. Restricted cash as of September 30, 2019 also includes $6,457 to be used for the development of SB206 for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, pursuant to the funding agreement with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Ligand”) described in Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements.
Leases
The Company’s significant accounting policies regarding leases are described in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Updates to the Company’s accounting policies, including impacts from the adoption of new accounting standards, are discussed within the section below, “Accounting Pronouncements Adopted”, and within Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for an amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, the Company concluded there were no such events or changes in circumstances requiring review of the carrying amount of the Company’s long-lived assets.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue includes research revenue earned under contracts and grants with Federal government agencies, which relates to the research and development of its nitric oxide platform.
Government research contracts and grants revenue. Under the terms of the contracts and grants awarded, the Company is entitled to receive reimbursement of its allowable direct expenses, allocated overhead, general and administrative expenses and payment of other specified amounts. Revenues from development and support activities under unconditional government research contracts and grants are recorded in the period in which the related costs are incurred for cost reimbursement grants. Revenue is recognized when earned and expenses are recognized when incurred as research and development expense. Any of the funding sources may, at their discretion, request reimbursement for expenses or return of funds, or both, as a result of noncompliance by the Company with the terms of the grants. No reimbursement of expenses or return of funds has been requested or made since inception of the contracts and grants. Revenue related to conditional government contracts and grants is recognized when the conditions outlined in the government contract or grant have been met. See Note 5—Revenue Recognition for information regarding two government grants the Company received in the third quarter of 2019.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, since the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.
The following securities, presented on a common stock equivalent basis, have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 because the effect is anti-dilutive due to the net loss reported in each of those periods. All share amounts presented in the table below represent the total number outstanding as of the end of each period.
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September 30,
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2019
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2018
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Warrants to purchase common stock associated with January 2018 public offering (Note 10)
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10,000,000
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10,000,000
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Stock options outstanding under the 2008 and 2016 Plans (Note 11)
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1,806,502
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1,626,488
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Stock appreciation rights outstanding under the 2016 Plan (Note 11)
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1,000,000
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Inducement options outstanding (Note 11)
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125,500
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100,500
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Segment and Geographic Information
The Company has determined that it operates in one segment. The Company uses its nitric oxide-based technology to develop product candidates. The Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has only had limited revenue since its inception, but substantially all revenue was derived from licensing agreements originating in the United States. All of the Company’s long-lived assets are maintained in the United States.
Although all operations are based in the United States, the Company generated revenue from its licensing partner in Japan of $1,100, or approximately 84% of total revenue, and $3,301, or approximately 94% of total revenue, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company generated revenue from its licensing partner in Japan of $648 and $1,946 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which represented substantially all of the Company’s revenue for those periods.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance revises the accounting related to leases by requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. The new lease guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, and in March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. These additional ASUs were issued to provide expanded or clarifying guidance associated with the application of certain principles. Under the guidance, lessees are required to recognize assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases including operating leases and provide enhanced disclosures. There are optional practical expedients that a company may elect to apply. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2019.
The Company adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified alternative retrospective transition method and initially applied the transition provisions as of January 1, 2019. This transition method allowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840 for periods prior to 2019 and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of the date of adoption.
The Company elected the package of transition practical expedients, which, among other things, allowed the Company to keep the historical lease classifications and not have to reassess the lease classification and initial direct costs for any existing or expired leases as of the date of adoption. The Company also made an accounting policy election to apply the short-term lease exception, which allows the Company to exclude leases with an initial term of twelve months or less from the consolidated balance sheets. Lease expense for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less will be recognized over the lease term, similar to the accounting treatment under ASC 840.
As a result of the adoption of Topic 842, the Company derecognized $10,557 of building assets (property, plant and equipment), and the $7,998 facility financing obligation associated with the previously existing build-to-suit arrangement related to its sole corporate and manufacturing facility. The Company also capitalized leasehold improvements and ROU assets of $5,885 and $1,827, respectively, and recorded lease liabilities for operating leases totaling $6,786, as of January 1, 2019. The capitalized leasehold improvement assets recorded as part of the adoption of Topic 842 were previously included within the derecognized building asset as part of the previous build-to-suit arrangement. The Company also recognized an increase of $714 to accumulated deficit related to its de-recognition of its previously recorded build-to-suit arrangement. The impact of the adoption of this guidance is non-cash in nature and did not affect the Company’s cash flows. See Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies for additional information related to the adoption of Topic 842.
In June 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-08 Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made. This guidance clarifies and improves the scope and the accounting guidance for contributions received and contributions made, in order to reduce diversity in practice for grants and other similar contracts. For contributions (nonreciprocal transactions), an entity should follow the guidance in ASC 958-605 Not-for-Profit Entities - Revenue Recognition, and for exchange (reciprocal) transactions an entity should follow other guidance. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. This ASU was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 5—Revenue Recognition for information related to the adoption of Topic 958.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This guidance simplifies the accounting for non-employee share-based payment transactions by expanding the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. Under the new standard, most of the guidance on stock compensation payments to non-employees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. This ASU was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Being Evaluated
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This guidance is intended to improve the effectiveness of disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The new standard modifies certain disclosure requirements and will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU and does not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17 Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. This guidance is intended to improve the accounting for variable interest entities and whether the entity should be consolidated. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU and does not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18 Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606. This guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice and clarify the interaction between Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU provided guidance on whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for with revenue under Topic 606. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU and does not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 2: KNOW Bio, LLC
On December 30, 2015, the Company completed the distribution of 100% of the outstanding member interests of KNOW Bio, LLC (“KNOW Bio”), a former wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to Novan’s stockholders (the “Distribution”), pursuant to which KNOW Bio became an independent privately held company.
KNOW Bio is an independent, privately held company with a portfolio of operating subsidiaries that are advancing nitric oxide-based therapies using technology that is proprietary and/or in fields where they have exclusive intellectual property rights. The Company does not own any equity interest in KNOW Bio, has no common management or board representation at KNOW Bio, and the contractual arrangements between the two entities do not provide the Company with decision-making authority or power to influence KNOW Bio’s drug and medical device development activities.
The Company conducted an initial assessment of KNOW Bio under the variable interest consolidation model pursuant to FASB ASC 810, Consolidation, at the time of the Distribution in 2015 and has monitored KNOW Bio during each subsequent reporting period, including two required ASC 810 reassessments performed during 2017. The Company has consistently
determined that KNOW Bio should not be consolidated in its consolidated financial statements. In the fourth quarter of 2018, KNOW Bio and its operating subsidiaries received significant additional equity investments that enable progression of their technology. These events required the Company to conduct another reassessment of variable interest entity characteristics, pursuant to FASB ASC 810-10, Consolidation, in which it determined that KNOW Bio should not be consolidated in its consolidated financial statements.
KNOW Bio Technology Agreements
In connection with the Distribution, the Company entered into exclusive license agreements and sublicense agreements with KNOW Bio, as described below. The agreements will continue for so long as there is a valid patent claim under the respective agreement, unless earlier terminated, and upon expiration, will continue as perpetual non-exclusive licenses. KNOW Bio has the right to terminate each such agreement, for any reason upon 90 days advance written notice to the Company.
License of existing and potential future intellectual property to KNOW Bio. The Company and KNOW Bio entered into an exclusive license agreement dated December 29, 2015 (the “KNOW Bio License Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the KNOW Bio License Agreement, the Company granted to KNOW Bio exclusive licenses, with the right to sublicense, under certain U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications that were controlled by the Company as of December 29, 2015 or that became controlled by the Company between that date and December 29, 2018, directed towards nitric-oxide releasing compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof, including methods of manufacturing Nitricil compounds and other nitric oxide-based therapeutics.
Sublicense of UNC and other third party intellectual property to KNOW Bio. The Company and KNOW Bio also entered into sublicense agreements dated December 29, 2015 (the “KNOW Bio Sublicense Agreements” and together with the KNOW Bio License Agreement, the “Original KNOW Bio Agreements”). Pursuant to the terms of the KNOW Bio Sublicense Agreements, the Company granted to KNOW Bio exclusive sublicenses, with the ability to further sublicense, under certain of the U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications exclusively licensed to the Company from UNC (the “UNC License Agreement”) and another third party directed towards nitric oxide-releasing compositions, to develop and commercialize products utilizing the licensed technology. Under the exclusive sublicense to the UNC patents and applications (the “UNC Sublicense Agreement”), KNOW Bio is subject to the terms and conditions under the UNC License Agreement, including milestone and diligence payment obligations. However, pursuant to the terms of the UNC License Agreement, the Company is directly obligated to pay UNC any future milestones or royalties, including those resulting from actions conducted by the Company’s sublicensees, including KNOW Bio. Therefore, in the event of KNOW Bio non-performance with respect to its obligations under the UNC Sublicense Agreement, the Company would be obligated to make such payments to UNC. KNOW Bio would then become obligated to repay the Company pursuant to the UNC Sublicense Agreement, otherwise KNOW Bio would be in breach of its agreements with the Company and intellectual property rights would revert back to the Company. There were no milestone or royalty payments required during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Amendments to License and Sublicense Agreements with KNOW Bio
On October 13, 2017, the Company and KNOW Bio entered into certain amendments to the Original KNOW Bio Agreements (the “KNOW Bio Amendments”). Pursuant to the terms of the KNOW Bio Amendments, the Company re-acquired from KNOW Bio exclusive, worldwide rights under certain U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications controlled by the Company as of December 29, 2015, and that became controlled by the Company between December 29, 2015 and December 29, 2018, directed towards nitric oxide-releasing compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof, including methods of manufacturing Nitricil compounds, and other nitric oxide-based therapeutics, to develop and commercialize products for all diagnostic, therapeutic, prophylactic and palliative uses for any disease, condition or disorder caused by certain oncoviruses (the “Oncovirus Field”). The Company also obtained a three-year exclusive option, subject to payment of separate option exercise fees, to include up to four additional specified oncoviruses in the Oncovirus Field.
KNOW Bio also granted to the Company an exclusive license, with the right to sublicense, under any patents and patent applications which became controlled by KNOW Bio during the three-year period between December 29, 2015 and December 29, 2018 and directed towards nitric oxide-releasing compositions and methods of manufacturing thereof, including methods of manufacturing Nitricil compounds, and other nitric oxide-based therapeutics, but not towards medical devices, to develop and commercialize products for use in the Oncovirus Field.
Upon execution of the KNOW Bio Amendments, in exchange for the Oncovirus Field rights, the Company paid a non-refundable upfront payment of $250. Products the Company develops in the Oncovirus Field based on Nitricil will not be subject to any further milestones, royalties or sublicensing payment obligations to KNOW Bio under the KNOW Bio Amendments. However, if the Company develops products in the Oncovirus Field that incorporate a certain nitric oxide-
releasing composition specified in the KNOW Bio Amendments and (i) are covered by KNOW Bio patents; or (ii) materially use or incorporate know-how of KNOW Bio or the Company related to such composition that was created between December 29, 2015 and December 29, 2018, the Company would be obligated to make certain contingent milestone and royalty payments to KNOW Bio under the KNOW Bio Amendments.
The rights granted to the Company in the Oncovirus Field in the KNOW Bio Amendments continue for so long as there is a valid patent claim under the Original KNOW Bio Agreements, and upon expiration continue on a perpetual non-exclusive basis, and are subject to the termination rights of KNOW Bio and the Company that are set forth in the Original KNOW Bio Agreements. In addition, under the KNOW Bio Amendments, KNOW Bio may terminate the rights granted to the Company in the Oncovirus Field if: (i) the Company does not file a first investigational new drug (“IND”) application with the FDA for a product in the Oncovirus Field by October 2020; or (ii) the Company does not file a first new drug application (“NDA”) with the FDA by October 2025 for a product in the Oncovirus Field and does not otherwise have any active clinical programs related to the Oncovirus Field at such time.
The KNOW Bio Amendments also provide a mechanism whereby either party can cause a new chemical entity (“NCE”) covered by the Original KNOW Bio Agreements to become exclusive to such party by filing an IND on the NCE. An NCE that becomes exclusive to a party under this provision may not be commercialized by the other party until the later of expiration of patents covering the NCE or regulatory exclusivity covering the NCE. A party who obtains exclusivity for an NCE must advance development of the NCE pursuant to terms of the KNOW Bio Amendments in order to maintain such exclusivity; otherwise, such exclusivity will expire.
The terms of the KNOW Bio Amendments were negotiated at arms-length and do not provide the Company with an ability to significantly influence KNOW Bio or its operations.
Note 3: Research and Development Licenses
The Company has entered into various licensing agreements with universities and other research institutions under which the Company receives the rights, and in some cases substantially all of the rights, of the inventors, assignees or co-assignees to produce and market technology protected by certain patents and patent applications. The Company’s primary license agreement is with UNC and has been described in further detail within the subsection below. The counterparties to the Company’s various other licensing agreements are the University of Akron Research Foundation, Hospital for Special Surgery, Strakan International S.a.r.l., which is a licensee of the University of Aberdeen, KIPAX AB and KNOW Bio.
The Company is generally required to make milestone payments based on development milestones and will be required to make royalty payments based on a percentage of future sales of covered products or a percentage of sublicensing revenue. As future royalty payments are directly related to future revenues (either sales or sublicensing), future commitments cannot be determined. No accrual for future payments under these agreements has been recorded, as the Company cannot estimate if, when or in what amount payments may become due.
UNC License Agreement
The Amended, Restated and Consolidated License Agreement dated June 27, 2012, as amended, (the “UNC License Agreement”) provides the Company with an exclusive license to issued patents and pending applications directed to the Company’s library of Nitricil compounds, including patents issued in the U.S., Japan and Australia, with claims intended to cover NVN1000, the NCE for the Company’s current product candidates. The UNC License Agreement requires the Company to pay UNC up to $425 in regulatory and commercial milestones on a licensed product by licensed product basis and a running royalty percentage in the low single digits on net sales of licensed products. Licensed products include any products being developed by the Company or by its sublicensees.
Unless earlier terminated by the Company at its election, or if the Company materially breaches the agreement or becomes bankrupt, the UNC License Agreement remains in effect on a country by country and licensed product by licensed product basis until the expiration of the last to expire issued patent covering such licensed product in the applicable country.
Note 4: Licensing Arrangements
Sato License Agreement
Significant Terms
On January 12, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement, and related amendment, with Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Sato”), relating to SB204, its drug candidate for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japan (the “Sato Agreement”). Pursuant to the Sato Agreement, the Company granted to Sato an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable right and license under certain of the Company’s intellectual property rights, with the right to sublicense with the Company’s prior written consent, to develop, use and sell products in Japan that incorporate SB204 in certain topical dosage forms for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and to make the finished form of such products.
On October 5, 2018, the Company and Sato entered into the second amendment (the “Sato Amendment”) to the Sato Agreement (collectively, the “Amended Sato Agreement”). The Sato Amendment expanded the Sato Agreement to include SB206, the Company’s drug candidate for the treatment of viral skin infections. Pursuant to the Amended Sato Agreement, the Company granted to Sato an exclusive, royalty-bearing, non-transferable license under certain of its intellectual property rights, with the right to sublicense with the Company’s prior written consent, to develop, use and sell products in Japan that incorporate SB204 or SB206 in certain topical dosage forms for the treatment of acne vulgaris or viral skin infections, respectively, and to make the finished form of such products. The Company or its designated contract manufacturer will supply finished product to Sato for use in the development of SB204 and SB206 in the licensed territory. The rights granted to Sato do not include the right to manufacture the active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) of SB204 or SB206; rather, the parties agreed to negotiate a commercial supply agreement pursuant to which the Company or its designated contract manufacturer would be the exclusive supplier to Sato of the API for the commercial manufacture of licensed products in the licensed territory. Under the terms of the Amended Sato Agreement, the Company also has exclusive rights to certain intellectual property that may be developed by Sato in the future, which the Company could choose to use for its own development and commercialization of SB204 or SB206 outside of Japan.
Under the Amended Sato Agreement, in exchange for the SB204 and SB206 license rights granted to Sato, Sato agreed to pay the Company the following:
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An upfront payment of 1.25 billion Japanese Yen, or “JPY”, payable in installments of 0.25 billion JPY, 0.5 billion JPY and 0.5 billion JPY on October 5, 2018, February 14, 2019 and September 13, 2019, respectively. This is in addition to the 1.25 billion JPY (approximately $10,813 USD) paid on January 19, 2017 following the execution of the Sato Amendment on January 12, 2017. On October 23, 2018, the Company received the first installment from the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,224 USD). On March 14, 2019, the Company received the second installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,460 USD). On November 7, 2019, the Company received the third installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,554 USD).
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Up to an aggregate of 1.75 billion JPY (adjusted from 2.75 billion JPY in the Sato Agreement) upon the achievement of various development and regulatory milestones, including (i) a 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,162 USD) milestone payment received during the fourth quarter of 2018 following Sato’s initiation of a Phase 1 trial in Japan; and (ii) an aggregate of 1.0 billion JPY that becomes payable upon the earlier occurrence of specified fixed future dates or the achievement of milestone events.
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Up to an aggregate of 3.9 billion JPY (adjusted from 0.9 billion JPY in the Sato Agreement) upon the achievement of various commercial milestones.
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A tiered royalty ranging from a mid-single digit to a low-double digit percentage (adjusted from a mid-single digit percentage in the Sato Agreement) of net sales of licensed products in the licensed territory, subject to a reduction in the royalty payments in certain circumstances.
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The term of the Amended Sato Agreement (and the period during which Sato must pay royalties under the amended license agreement) expires on the twentieth anniversary of the first commercial sale of a licensed product in the licensed field in the licensed territory (adjusted from the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale in the license agreement). The term of the Amended Sato Agreement may be renewed with respect to a licensed product by mutual written agreement of the parties for additional two year periods following expiration of the initial term. All other material terms of the license agreement remain unchanged by the Sato Amendment.
Sato is responsible for funding the development and commercial costs for the program that are specific to Japan. The Company is obligated to perform certain oversight, review and supporting activities for Sato, including: (i) using commercially reasonable efforts to obtain marketing approval of SB204 and SB206 in the U.S.; (ii) sharing all future scientific information the Company may obtain during the term of the Amended Sato Agreement pertaining to SB204 and SB206; (iii) performing certain additional preclinical studies if such studies are deemed necessary by the Japanese regulatory authority, up to and not to exceed a total cost of $1,000; and (iv) participating in a joint committee that oversees, reviews and approves Sato’s development and commercialization activities under the Amended Sato Agreement. Additionally, the Company has granted Sato the option to use the Company’s trademarks in connection with the commercialization of licensed products in the licensed territory for no additional consideration, subject to the Company’s approval of such use.
The Amended Sato Agreement may be terminated by (i) Sato without cause upon 120 days’ advance written notice to the Company; (ii) either party in the event of the other party’s uncured material breach upon 60 days’ advance written notice; (iii) force majeure; (iv) either party in the event of the other party’s dissolution, liquidation, bankruptcy or insolvency; and (v) the Company immediately upon written notice if Sato challenges the validity, patentability, or enforceability of any of the Company’s patents or patent applications licensed to Sato under the Amended Sato Agreement. In the event of a termination, no portion of the upfront fees received from Sato are refundable.
Note 5: Revenue Recognition
Sato Agreement
The Company assessed the Sato Agreement in accordance with Topic 606 and concluded that the contract counterparty, Sato, is a customer within the scope of Topic 606. The Company identified the following promises under the Sato Agreement: (i) the grant of the intellectual property license to Sato; (ii) the obligation to participate in a joint committee that oversees, reviews, and approves Sato’s research and development activities and provides advisory support during Sato’s development process; (iii) the obligation to manufacture and supply Sato with all quantities of licensed product required for development activities in Japan; and (iv) the stand-ready obligation to perform any necessary repeat preclinical studies, up to $1,000 in cost. The Company determined that these promises were not individually distinct because Sato can only benefit from these licensed intellectual property rights and services when bundled together; they do not have individual benefit or utility to Sato. As a result, all promises have been combined into a single performance obligation.
The Sato Agreement also provides that the two parties agree to negotiate in good faith the terms of a commercial supply agreement pursuant to which the Company or a third party manufacturer would be the exclusive supplier to Sato of the API for the commercial manufacture of licensed products in the licensed territory. The Company concluded this obligation to negotiate the terms of a commercial supply agreement does not create (i) a legally enforceable obligation under which the Company may have to perform and supply Sato with API for commercial manufacturing; or (ii) a material right because the incremental commercial supply fee consideration agreed upon between the parties in the Sato Agreement is representative of a stand-alone selling price for the supply of API and does not represent a discount. Therefore, this contract provision is not considered to be a promise to deliver goods or services and is not a performance obligation or part of the combined single performance obligation described above.
Amended Sato Agreement
On October 5, 2018, the Company and Sato entered into the Amended Sato Agreement. The Sato Amendment expanded the Sato Agreement to include SB206, the Company’s drug candidate for the treatment of viral skin infections. The Company assessed the Amended Sato Agreement in accordance with Topic 606 and concluded the contract modification should incorporate the additional goods and services provided for in the Amendment into the existing, partially satisfied single bundled performance obligation that will continue to be delivered to Sato over the remaining development period. This contract modification accounting is concluded to be appropriate as the additional goods and services conveyed under the Sato Amendment were determined to not be distinct from the single performance obligation, and the additional consideration provided did not reflect the standalone selling price of those additional goods and services. As such, the Company recorded a cumulative adjustment as of the amendment execution date to reflect revenue that would have been recognized cumulatively for the partially completed bundled performance obligation.
The Company concluded that the following consideration would be included in the transaction price as they were (i) received prior to September 30, 2019; or (ii) payable upon specified fixed dates in the future and are not contingent upon clinical or regulatory success in Japan:
|
|
•
|
The 1.25 billion JPY (approximately $10,813 USD) original upfront payment received on January 19, 2017 following the execution of the Sato Agreement on January 12, 2017.
|
|
|
•
|
A milestone payment of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,162 USD) received during the fourth quarter of 2018 following Sato’s initiation of a Phase 1 trial in Japan.
|
|
|
•
|
The Sato Amendment upfront payment of 1.25 billion JPY, payable in installments of 0.25 billion JPY, 0.5 billion JPY and 0.5 billion JPY on October 5, 2018, February 14, 2019 and September 13, 2019, respectively. On October 23, 2018, the Company received the first installment from the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.25 billion JPY (approximately $2,224 USD). On March 14, 2019, the Company received the second installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,460 USD). On November 7, 2019, the Company received the third installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,554 USD).
|
|
|
•
|
An aggregate of 1.0 billion JPY in non-contingent milestone payments that become payable upon the earlier occurrence of specified fixed dates in the future or the achievement of specified milestone events.
|
The following table presents the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities balances for the periods indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contract Asset
|
|
Contract Liability
|
|
Net Deferred Revenue
|
December 31, 2018
|
$
|
17,790
|
|
|
$
|
24,757
|
|
|
$
|
6,967
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2019
|
$
|
13,330
|
|
|
$
|
21,456
|
|
|
$
|
8,126
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term Deferred Revenue
|
|
Long-term Deferred Revenue
|
|
Net Deferred Revenue
|
December 31, 2018
|
$
|
4,401
|
|
|
$
|
2,566
|
|
|
$
|
6,967
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2019
|
$
|
4,401
|
|
|
$
|
3,725
|
|
|
$
|
8,126
|
|
The Company has recorded the Sato Agreement and Amended Sato Agreement transaction price, including the upfront payments received and the unconstrained variable consideration, as deferred revenue (comprised of (i) a contract liability; net of (ii) a contract asset). The change in the net deferred revenue balance during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was associated with the receipt of the second installment payment of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,460 USD), and recognition of license and collaboration revenue associated with the Company’s performance during the period (continued amortization of deferred revenue). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $1,100 and $3,301, respectively, in license and collaboration revenue under this agreement. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $648 and $1,946, respectively, in license and collaboration revenue under this agreement.
The Company has concluded that the above consideration is probable of not resulting in a significant revenue reversal and therefore included in the transaction price and is allocated to the single performance obligation. No other variable consideration under the Amended Sato Agreement is probable of not resulting in a significant revenue reversal as of September 30, 2019 and therefore, is currently fully constrained and excluded from the transaction price.
The Company evaluated the timing of delivery for each of the obligations and concluded that a time-based input method is most appropriate because Sato is accessing and benefiting from the intellectual property and technology (the predominant items of the combined performance obligation) ratably over the duration of Sato’s estimated development period in Japan. Although the Company concluded that the intellectual property is functional rather than symbolic, the services provided under the performance obligation are provided over time. Therefore, the allocated transaction price will be recognized using a time-based input method that results in straight-line recognition over the Company’s performance period.
Prior to the Sato Amendment, the Company estimated the Sato Agreement development timeline for the SB204 product candidate to be approximately 5 years, starting in February 2017 and completing in the first quarter of 2022. With the Amended Sato Agreement, the Company and Sato are developing both the SB204 and SB206 product candidates for the Japan territory. The parties continue to work collaboratively to reach agreement, but have not yet reached agreement, with respect to the combined SB204 and SB206 development plan for the Japan territory, including a corresponding timeline and estimated duration for the combined development program. The Company’s current estimated timeline remains 7.5 years, starting in February 2017 and completing in the third quarter of 2024. The Company monitors and reassesses the estimated performance period for purposes of revenue recognition during each reporting period. Therefore, if the duration of the combined SB204 and SB206 development program timeline is affected by the establishment or subsequent adjustments to a mutually agreed upon
SB204 and SB206 development plan in the Japan territory, the Company will adjust its estimated performance period for revenue recognition purposes accordingly, as needed.
In future periods, the Company will lift the variable consideration constraint from each contingent payment when there is no longer a probable likelihood of significant revenue reversal. When the constraint is lifted from a milestone payment, the Company will recognize the incremental transaction price using the same time-based input method that is being used to recognize the revenue, which results in straight-line recognition over the performance period. If the Company’s performance is not yet completed at the time that the constraint is lifted, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recognized in the period. If no other performance is required by the Company at the time the constraint is lifted, the Company expects to recognize all revenue associated with such milestone payments at the time that the constraint is lifted.
Contract costs—Sato Agreement
The Company has incurred certain fees and costs in the process of obtaining the Amended Sato Agreement that were payable upon contract execution and, therefore, have been recognized as other assets and amortized as general and administrative expense on a straight-line basis over the same estimated performance period being used to recognize the associated revenue. These fees are associated with the following two arrangements and are described as follows:
|
|
•
|
The Company entered into an agreement with a third party to assist the Company in exploring the licensing opportunity which led to the execution of the Sato Agreement. The Company is obligated to pay the third party a low-single-digit percentage of all upfront and milestone payments the Company receives from Sato under the Amended Sato Agreement.
|
|
|
•
|
The intellectual property rights granted to Sato under the Sato Agreement include certain intellectual property rights which the Company has licensed from UNC. Under the UNC License Agreement described in Note 3—Research and Development Licenses, the Company is obligated to pay UNC a running royalty percentage in the low single digits on net sales of licensed products, including net sales that may be generated by Sato. Additionally, the Company is obligated to make payments to UNC that represent the portion of the Sato upfront and milestone payments that were estimated to be directly attributable to the UNC intellectual property rights included in the license to Sato.
|
Performance Obligations under the Sato Agreement
The net amount of existing performance obligations under long-term contracts unsatisfied as of September 30, 2019 was $8,126. The Company expects to recognize approximately 21% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months, and the balance thereafter. The Company applied the practical expedient and does not disclose information about variable consideration related to sales-based or usage-based royalties promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. This expedient specifically applied to the sales-based milestone payments that are present in the Amended Sato Agreement (3.9 billion JPY), as well as percentage-based royalty payments in the Sato Agreement that are contingent upon future sales.
Government Contracts and Grant Revenue
The Company assessed the following Federal grants in accordance with Topic 958 and concluded that both represent conditional non-exchange transactions.
In August 2019, the Company received a Phase 1 Federal grant of approximately $223 from the National Institutes of Health. The funds are to be used to advance formulation development of a nitric oxide-containing intravaginal gel (WH602) designed to treat high-risk human papilloma virus (“HPV”) infections that can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (“CIN”). The specific focus is to ensure the nitric oxide delivery from the gel replicates doses of nitric oxide previously demonstrated to be effective against HPV in the Company’s clinical and in vitro studies. Upon completion of grant Phase 1 preclinical work, the Company may be eligible to receive further awards for Phase 2 and 3 extensions under this grant. Revenue recognized under this grant was $26 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
In September 2019, the Company received a grant from the U.S. Department of Defense’s Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs of approximately $1,113 as part of its Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program. The grant will support the development of a non-gel formulation product candidate (WH504) designed to treat high-risk HPV infections that can lead to CIN, with well-characterized physical chemical properties suitable for intravaginal administration. In addition, the grant will support the evaluation of the effect of varying concentrations and treatment durations of berdazimer sodium (NVN1000) against
HPV-18 in human raft cell culture in vitro studies. Revenue recognized under this grant was $190 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Research and Development Services to KNOW Bio
The Company entered into a services agreement with KNOW Bio (the “KNOW Bio Services Agreement”) during 2017 and provided research and development services on a fee-for-service basis. After assessing revenue according to the five-step model of ASC 606, the Company determined that contract research and development services revenue should be recognized in the period in which the services are performed. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $9 in research and development services revenue for services performed under the KNOW Bio Services Agreement. There was no research and development services revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 or the three months ended September 30, 2018.
Note 6: Research and Development Arrangements
Royalty and Milestone Payments Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek Investments LLC
On April 29, 2019, the Company entered into a royalty and milestone payments purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Reedy Creek Investments LLC (“Reedy Creek”), pursuant to which Reedy Creek provided funding to the Company in an initial amount of $25,000, which the Company will use primarily to pursue the development, regulatory approval and commercialization (including through out-license agreements and other third party arrangements) activities for SB206, a topical anti-viral gel being developed for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum, and advancing programmatically such activities with respect to SB204, a once-daily, topical monotherapy being developed for the treatment of acne vulgaris, and SB414, a topical cream-based product candidate being developed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Reedy Creek will also provide additional funding to the Company of $10,000 contingent upon the achievement by the Company of SB206 clinical trial success, defined as (i) the achievement, no later than March 31, 2020, of statistically significant rates of complete clearance of lesions for molluscum contagiosum in humans at week 12 in each of the two Phase 3 clinical trials or any other primary endpoint required or accepted by the FDA for the SB206 product; or (ii) equivalent achievement (as agreed upon by the parties).
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company will pay Reedy Creek ongoing quarterly payments, calculated based on an applicable percentage per product of any upfront fees, milestone payments, royalty payments or equivalent payments received by the Company pursuant to any out-license agreement for SB204, SB206 or SB414 in the United States, Mexico or Canada, net of any upfront fees, milestone payments, royalty payments or equivalent payments paid by the Company to third parties pursuant to any agreements under which the Company has in-licensed intellectual property with respect to such products in the United States, Mexico or Canada. The applicable percentage used for determining the ongoing quarterly payments, applied to amounts received directly by the Company pursuant to any out-license agreement for each product, ranges from 10% for SB206 to 20% for SB204 and SB414. However, the agreement provides that the applicable percentage for each product will be 25% for fees or milestone payments received by the Company (but not royalty payments received by the Company) until Reedy Creek has received payments under the Purchase Agreement equal to the total funding amount provided by Reedy Creek under the Purchase Agreement. If the Company decides to commercialize any product on its own following regulatory approval, as opposed to commercializing through an out-license agreement or other third party arrangement, the Company will be obligated to pay Reedy Creek a low single digits royalty on net sales of such products.
The Company has determined that the Reedy Creek Purchase Agreement is within the scope of ASC 730-20, Research and Development Arrangements. The Company concluded that there has not been a substantive and genuine transfer of risk related to the Purchase Agreement as (i) Reedy Creek has the opportunity to recover its investment regardless of the outcome of the research and development programs within the scope of the agreement (prior to commercialization of any in scope assets through potential out-licensing agreements and related potential future milestone payments); and (ii) there is a presumption that the Company is obligated to pay Reedy Creek amounts equal to its investment based on the related party relationship at the time the parties entered into the Purchase Agreement. The Purchase Agreement is a broad funding arrangement, due to (i) the multi-asset, or portfolio approach including three developmental assets that are within the scope of the arrangement; and (ii) Reedy Creek’s approximate 15% ownership of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company.
As such, the Company has determined that the appropriate accounting treatment under ASC 730-20 is to record the initial proceeds of $25,000 as cash and cash equivalents, as the Company has the ability to direct the usage of funds, and a long-term liability within its classified balance sheet. The long-term liability will remain until the Company receives future milestones from other potential third parties, as defined within the Purchase Agreement, of which 25% will be contractually owed to Reedy Creek. If potential future milestones are received by the Company, and become partly due to Reedy Creek, the corresponding
partial repayment to Reedy Creek will result in a ratable reduction of the total long-term obligation to repay the initial purchase price.
Development Funding and Royalties Agreement with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
On May 4, 2019, the Company entered into a development funding and royalties agreement (the “Funding Agreement”) with Ligand, pursuant to which Ligand provided funding to the Company of $12,000, which the Company will use to pursue the development and regulatory approval of SB206, a topical anti-viral gel being developed for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
Pursuant to the Funding Agreement, the Company will pay Ligand up to $20,000 in milestone payments upon the achievement by the Company of certain regulatory and commercial milestones associated with SB206 or any product that incorporates or uses NVN1000, the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the Company’s clinical stage product candidates, for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. In addition to the milestone payments, the Company will pay Ligand tiered royalties ranging from 7% to 10% based on aggregate annual net sales of such products in the United States, Mexico or Canada.
The Company has determined that the Ligand transaction is within the scope of ASC 730-20 as it represents an obligation to perform contractual services for the development of SB206. In addition, the Funding Agreement also states that if all development of SB206 is ceased prior to the first regulatory approval, the Company must pay to Ligand an amount equal to the purchase price less the amount spent in accordance with the development budget on development activities conducted prior to such cessation.
As such, the Company has concluded that the appropriate accounting treatment under ASC 730-20 is to record the initial proceeds of $12,000, as restricted cash, as the funds can only be used for the progression of SB206, and a liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company will amortize the liability ratably, based on the Ligand funding as a percentage of the total direct costs incurred by the Company related to the progression of the SB206 program. The ratable Ligand funding will be presented within the consolidated statement of operations as an offset to research and development expenses associated with SB206.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $3,350 and $5,543, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the SB206 developmental program, funded by Ligand.
Note 7: Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
2019
|
|
December 31,
2018
|
Computer equipment
|
$
|
575
|
|
|
$
|
577
|
|
Furniture and fixtures
|
305
|
|
|
312
|
|
Laboratory equipment
|
7,467
|
|
|
7,442
|
|
Office equipment
|
339
|
|
|
400
|
|
Building related to facility lease obligation
|
—
|
|
|
10,557
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
7,058
|
|
|
1,168
|
|
Property and equipment, gross
|
15,744
|
|
|
20,456
|
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
(5,175
|
)
|
|
(4,588
|
)
|
Total property and equipment, net
|
$
|
10,569
|
|
|
$
|
15,868
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expense was $510 and $1,531 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $425 and $1,234 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
See Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies regarding the adoption of Topic 842, Leases, and its impact to property and equipment, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Note 8: Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Obligations
The Company leases office space and certain equipment under non-cancelable lease agreements.
Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company applied the accounting guidance in ASC 840, Leases, to its lease agreements. The leases were reviewed for classification as operating or capital leases. For operating leases, rent was recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease period. For capital leases, the Company recorded the leased asset with a corresponding liability and amortized the asset over the lease term. Payments were recorded as reductions to the liability with an appropriate interest charge recorded based on the then-outstanding remaining liability.
The Company considered the nature of the renovations and the Company’s involvement during the construction period of previously leased office space to determine if it was considered to be the owner of the construction project during the construction period. If the Company determined that it was the owner of the construction project, it was required to capitalize the fair value of the building as well as the construction costs incurred, including capitalized interest, on its consolidated balance sheet along with a corresponding financing liability (“build-to-suit accounting”). Upon completion of the construction of the facility under a build-to-suit lease, the Company assessed whether the circumstances qualified for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If the lease met the sale-leaseback criteria, the Company would remove the asset and related financial obligation from the balance sheet and evaluate the lease for treatment as a capital or operating lease. If upon completion of construction, the project did not meet the sale-leaseback criteria, the leased property was treated as an asset financing for financial reporting purposes. The portion of the facility financing obligation representing the principal that was to be repaid in the following 12 months was classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, with the remaining portion of the obligation classified as a noncurrent liability.
Beginning January 1, 2019, the Company applies the accounting guidance in ASC 842, Leases. As such, the Company assesses all arrangements, that convey the right to control the use of property, plant and equipment, at inception, to determine if it is, or contains, a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present in that arrangement. For those leases identified, the Company determines the lease classification, recognition, and measurement at the lease commencement date. For arrangements that contain a lease the Company: (i) identifies lease and non-lease components; (ii) determines the consideration in the contract; (iii) determines whether the lease is an operating or financing lease; and (iv) recognizes lease Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities. Lease liabilities are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The corresponding ROU asset is measured from the initial lease liability, adjusted by (i) accrued or prepaid rents; (ii) remaining unamortized initial direct costs and lease incentives; and (iii) any impairments of the ROU asset. The interest rate implicit in the Company’s lease contracts is typically not readily determinable and as such, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date, which represents an internally developed rate that would be incurred to borrow, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The weighted average discount rate utilized on the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 was 9.85%. The weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2019 was 6.75 years.
Primary Facility Lease
In August 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement for approximately 51,000 rentable square feet of facility space in Morrisville, North Carolina, commencing in April 2016 (the “Primary Facility Lease”). The initial term of the Primary Facility Lease extends through June 30, 2026. The Company has an option to extend the Primary Facility Lease by five years upon completion of the initial lease term; however, the renewal period was not included in the calculation of the lease obligation. Current contractual base rent payments are $95 per month, subject to a three percent increase annually over the term of the Primary Facility Lease.
Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company applied the accounting guidance in ASC 840. Based on that guidance, the facility was accounted for as an asset financing, with the building asset and related facility financing obligation remaining on the Company’s balance sheet. The building asset was being depreciated over a 25 year period and the facility financing obligation was amortized so that the net carrying value of the building asset and the facility financing obligation were to be equivalent at the end of the initial term of the lease agreement. Monthly rental payments were allocated between principal and interest expense associated with the facility financing obligation, as well as grounds rent expense of $8 per month.
The Company had recorded an asset related to the building and construction costs within property and equipment of $10,557 as of December 31, 2018. The non-current facility lease obligation on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet was $7,998 as of December 31, 2018. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized
interest expense related to the primary facility lease of $261 and $783, respectively, and there was $41 of accrued interest included in other accrued expenses as of December 31, 2018.
The Company adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method and initially applied the transition provisions as of January 1, 2019. This transition method allowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840 for periods prior to 2019 and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of the date of adoption.
The Company elected the package of transition practical expedients, which, among other things, allowed the Company to keep the historical lease classifications and not have to reassess the lease classification for any existing leases as of the date of adoption. The Company also made an accounting policy election to apply the short-term lease exception, which allows the Company to exclude leases with an initial term of twelve months or less from the consolidated balance sheets.
As a result of the adoption of Topic 842, the Company derecognized $10,557 of building asset (property, plant and equipment), and $7,998 of facility financing obligation associated with previously existing build-to-suit arrangement related to its sole corporate and manufacturing facility. The Company also capitalized leasehold improvements and ROU assets of $5,885 and $1,827, respectively, and recorded lease liabilities for operating leases totaling $6,786, as of January 1, 2019. The capitalized leasehold improvement assets recorded as part of the adoption of Topic 842 were previously included within the derecognized building asset as part of the previous build-to-suit arrangement. The Company also recognized an increase of $714 to accumulated deficit related to its de-recognition of its previously recorded build-to-suit arrangement.
The Company has elected to separate lease components (fixed rent payments) with non-lease components (common-area maintenance costs) on its real estate assets. Fixed lease payments on operating leases are recognized over the expected term of the lease on a straight-line basis. Variable lease expenses that are not considered fixed are expensed as incurred. Fixed and variable lease expense on operating leases is recognized within operating expenses within our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company has elected the short-term lease exemption and, therefore, does not recognize a ROU asset or corresponding liability for lease arrangements with an original term of 12 months or less.
Rent expense, including both short-term and variable lease components associated with the primary facility lease, was $225 and $655 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $89 and $220 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
The Company’s supplemental non-cash disclosure for its ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities was $1,827 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
At January 1, 2019, maturities of operating lease liabilities over each of the next five years and thereafter were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Leases
|
2019
|
$
|
1,170
|
|
2020
|
1,205
|
|
2021
|
1,241
|
|
2022
|
1,278
|
|
2023
|
1,317
|
|
Thereafter
|
3,467
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
$
|
9,678
|
|
Less imputed interest
|
(2,871
|
)
|
Total lease liability
|
$
|
6,807
|
|
Primary Facility Sublease
In July 2018, the Company and a third-party tenant entered into a sublease of approximately 6,400 square feet of office space at the Company’s headquarters. The sublease has a three-year, non-cancellable term and provides for monthly rental income to the Company of approximately $12 per month through July 2021. The Company has classified the sublease as an operating lease pursuant to classification criteria in ASC 842 and is recognizing the rental income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In October 2019, the Company executed a termination agreement with the subtenant for this sublease, with an effective date of December 31, 2019.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. See Legal Proceedings below for further discussion of pending legal claims.
The Company has entered into, and expects to continue to enter into, contracts in the normal course of business with various third parties who support its clinical trials, preclinical research studies and other services related to its development activities. The scope of the services under these agreements can generally be modified at any time, and these agreements can generally be terminated by either party after a period of notice and receipt of written notice. There have been no material contract terminations as of September 30, 2019.
See Note 3—Research and Development Licenses regarding the Company’s research and development license agreements.
See Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements regarding the Purchase Agreement with Reedy Creek and the Funding Agreement with Ligand.
Legal Proceedings
In prior filings, the Company reported that it was subject to putative stockholder class action lawsuits that were filed in November 2017 in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina against the Company and certain of its current and former directors and officers, which were consolidated under the case name In re Novan, Inc. Securities Litigation. The consolidated amended complaint filed by the designated lead plaintiff asserted claims for violation of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, in connection with statements related to the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trials of SB204. On June 14, 2018, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint. On November 30, 2018, a federal magistrate judge entered an order recommending that the district court grant the Company’s motion. The plaintiff filed objections to this recommendation and the Company filed a response. On January 28, 2019, the district court adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation, dismissed the action with prejudice and entered judgment in favor of the Company and against the plaintiff. The plaintiff did not appeal this dismissal and judgment. As such, the Company has concluded that this matter is closed.
Other than as described above, the Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and is not aware of any claims or actions pending or threatened against the Company that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, cash flows or financial statements. In the future, the Company might from time to time become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from its ordinary course of business.
Compensatory Obligations
In conjunction with the departures of three former Company officers in 2019 and 2018, the Company entered into separation and general release agreements that included separation benefits consistent with the Company’s obligations under their previously existing employment agreements for “separation from service” for “good reason.” The Company recognized related severance expense of $878 and $332, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The remaining accrued severance obligation in respect of the three former officers was $228 as of September 30, 2019, which is included in accrued compensation in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company also recognized non-cash stock compensation expense of $0 and $212 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the accelerated vesting of the former officers’ stock options. There was no severance expense or non-cash stock compensation expense in relation to these departures during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
In November 2018, the Company realigned its overall employee headcount to reduce certain fixed costs. As of September 30, 2019, severance costs of $48 were accrued in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet related to this realignment.
See Note 11—Share-Based Compensation regarding the contingent award of Stock Appreciation Rights granted in August 2018.
See Note 12—Tangible Stockholder Return Plan regarding the Tangible Stockholder Return Plan adopted in August 2018.
Note 9: Stockholders’ Equity
Capital Structure
In conjunction with the completion of the Company’s initial public offering in September 2016, the Company further amended its amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated its bylaws. The amendment provides for 210,000,000 authorized shares of capital stock, of which 200,000,000 shares have been designated as $0.0001 par value common stock and 10,000,000 shares have been designated as $0.0001 par value preferred stock.
Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement
On August 30, 2019, the Company entered into the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital, which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $25,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s request from time to time during the 30-month term of the Purchase Agreement. Concurrently with entering into the Purchase Agreement, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), in which the Company agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), registering the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that have been and may be issued to Aspire Capital under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. On September 16, 2019, the Company filed with the SEC, a prospectus to the effective Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-233632) registering 7,032,630 shares of common stock that have been and may be offered to Aspire Capital from time to time under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement.
Under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, on any trading day selected by the Company, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a purchase notice (each, a “Purchase Notice”), directing Aspire Capital (as principal) to purchase up to 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock per business day, up to $25,000 of the Company’s common stock in the aggregate at a per share price (the “Purchase Price”) equal to the lesser of (i) the lowest sale price of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date, or (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date. The aggregate purchase price payable by Aspire Capital on any one purchase date may not exceed $500.
In addition, on any date on which the Company submits a Purchase Notice to Aspire Capital in an amount equal to 100,000 shares, the Company also has the right, in its sole discretion, to present Aspire Capital with a volume-weighted average price purchase notice (each, a “VWAP Purchase Notice”) directing Aspire Capital to purchase an amount of stock equal to up to 30% of the aggregate shares of the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the next trading day (the “VWAP Purchase Date”), subject to a maximum number of shares the Company may determine. The purchase price per share pursuant to such VWAP Purchase Notice is generally 97% of the volume-weighted average price for the Company’s common stock traded on its principal market on the VWAP Purchase Date.
The Purchase Price will be adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the period(s) used to compute the Purchase Price. The Company may deliver multiple Purchase Notices and VWAP Purchase Notices to Aspire Capital from time to time during the term of the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, so long as the most recent purchase has been completed.
The Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement provides that the Company and Aspire Capital shall not effect any sales under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement on any purchase date where the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock is less than $0.25. There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, and the Company will control the timing and amount of sales of the Company’s common stock to Aspire Capital. Aspire Capital has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Company as directed by the Company in accordance with the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. There are no limitations on use of proceeds, financial or business covenants, restrictions on future financing transactions, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement may be terminated by the Company at any time, at its discretion, without any penalty or additional cost to the Company. Aspire Capital has agreed that neither it nor any of its agents, representatives and affiliates shall engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of the Company’s common stock during any time prior to the termination of the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. Any proceeds the Company receives under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement are expected to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.
The Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement provides that the number of shares that may be sold pursuant to the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement will be limited to 5,211,339 shares (the “Exchange Cap”), which represents 19.99% of the Company’s
outstanding shares of common stock on August 30, 2019, unless stockholder approval or an exception pursuant to the rules of the Nasdaq Global Market is obtained to issue more than 19.99%. This limitation will not apply if, at any time the Exchange Cap is reached and at all times thereafter, the average price paid for all shares issued under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement is equal to or greater than $2.17, which was the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the execution of the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The Company is not required or permitted to issue any shares of common stock under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement if such issuance would breach its obligations under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. The Company may, in its sole discretion, determine whether to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of its outstanding shares of Common Stock hereunder if such issuance would require stockholder approval under the rules or regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market.
In consideration for entering into the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, concurrently with the execution of the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 345,622 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Commitment Shares”). These Commitment Shares valued at $750 were recorded in August 2019 as non-cash costs of equity financing and charged against additional paid-in capital.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company has sold 100,000 shares of common stock at a price of $2.61 per share under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The Company has remaining availability for sales of its common stock under the Aspire Common Stock Purchase Agreement of up to $24,739 as of September 30, 2019.
January 2018 Offering
On January 9, 2018, the Company completed a public offering of its common stock and warrants pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement (the “January 2018 Offering”). The Company sold an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $3.80 per share of common stock and accompanying warrant. The warrant exercise price is $4.66 per share and will expire four years from the date of issuance. Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $35,194 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $2,806.
The Company incurred costs directly related to (i) the shelf registration statement filing totaling $110; and (ii) the January 2018 Offering completed in January 2018 totaling $370, all of which were initially capitalized and included in deferred offering costs. A pro-rata portion of the shelf registration offering costs and all of the January 2018 Offering costs were reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the January 2018 Offering.
Common Stock
The Company’s common stock has a par value of $0.0001 per share and consists of 200,000,000 authorized shares as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. There were 26,515,356 and 26,056,735 shares of voting common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
Outstanding stock options (Note 11)
|
1,932,002
|
|
|
1,671,666
|
|
Warrants to purchase common stock issued in January 2018 Offering (Note 10)
|
10,000,000
|
|
|
10,000,000
|
|
Outstanding stock appreciation rights (Note 11)
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
—
|
|
For possible future issuance under 2016 Stock Plan (Note 11)
|
280,208
|
|
|
699,376
|
|
|
13,212,210
|
|
|
12,371,042
|
|
Preferred Stock
The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides the Company’s board of directors with the authority to issue $0.0001 par value preferred stock from time to time in one or more series by adopting a resolution and filing a certificate of designations. Voting powers, designations, preferences, dividend rights, conversion rights and liquidation preferences shall be stated and expressed in such resolutions. There were 10,000,000 shares designated as preferred stock and no shares outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Note 10: Warrants
The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level in which to classify them for each reporting period, pursuant to the fair value measurements policy described below. This determination requires significant judgments to be made.
For warrants that are issued or modified and there is a deemed possibility that the Company may have to settle them in cash, the Company records the fair value of the warrants at the initial measurement date, or date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The Company has categorized its financial instruments, based on the priority of the inputs used to value the investments, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the investments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the investment. The fair value of warrants falls within Level 3 of the hierarchy as there is currently no active trading market.
On January 9, 2018, the Company sold an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of common stock and issued warrants to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $3.80 per share of common stock and accompanying warrant. Pursuant to the warrant agreement and form of warrant dated January 9, 2018 (the “Warrant Agreement”), the warrant exercise price is $4.66 per share and the warrants will expire four years from the date of issuance.
The Warrant Agreement includes a provision whereby the exercisability of the warrants may be limited if, upon exercise, the warrant holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or an amount up to 9.99% if the holder so elects) of the Company’s common stock. The Warrant Agreement also provides that the aforementioned exercise limitation provision is not applicable to any warrant holder that beneficially owns 10.0% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately following the closing of the January 2018 Offering and the issuance of the accompanying warrants.
If, at any time the warrants are outstanding, any fundamental transaction occurs, as described in the Warrant Agreement and generally including any consolidation or merger whereby another entity acquires more than 50% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, or the sale of all or substantially all of its assets, the successor entity must assume in writing all of the obligations to the warrant holders. Additionally, in the event of a fundamental transaction, the Warrant Agreement provides that each warrant holder will have the right to require the Company, or its successor, to repurchase the warrants for an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrants. Further, the Warrant Agreement states that the volatility input used to derive such Black-Scholes value is the greater of the Company’s historical volatility or 100%. Due to the provision that the warrant holder has the option to receive a cash settlement, equal to the Black-Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, in the event that there is a fundamental transaction, the Company has classified the warrants as liabilities in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.
There were no exercises of warrants during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The following table presents the Company’s warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2019
|
|
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
|
|
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
|
|
Total
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrant liability
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
10,270
|
|
|
$
|
10,270
|
|
Total liabilities at fair value
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
10,270
|
|
|
$
|
10,270
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
|
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
|
|
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
|
|
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
|
|
Total
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrant liability
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,240
|
|
|
$
|
1,240
|
|
Total liabilities at fair value
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,240
|
|
|
$
|
1,240
|
|
The fair value of the common stock warrants is estimated using a valuation model that approximates a Monte Carlo simulation model, which takes into consideration the probability of a fundamental transaction occurring during the contractual term of the warrants. This valuation model, which includes inputs classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, estimated a fair value of $1.03 and $0.12 per common stock warrant as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The inputs to the valuation model that approximates a Monte Carlo simulation model are presented below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2019
|
|
December 31, 2018
|
Estimated dividend yield
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Expected volatility
|
95.36%-100%
|
|
|
77.74%-100%
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
1.61
|
%
|
|
2.46
|
%
|
Expected term (years)
|
2.28
|
|
|
3.02
|
|
Fair value per share of common stock underlying the warrant
|
$
|
2.58
|
|
|
$
|
0.83
|
|
Warrant exercise price
|
$
|
4.66
|
|
|
$
|
4.66
|
|
Due to the Company’s limited historical stock price data, the Company estimates stock price volatility based on the actual historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies observed over a historical period equal to the expected life of the warrant.
The decrease in fair value of the warrants of $1,160 and increase in fair value of the warrants of $9,030 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as well as the decrease in fair value of the warrants of $1,464 and $5,733 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, are included as components of other income and expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The change in the warrant liability and the corresponding unrealized loss/gain recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is primarily due to the fluctuations in the market price of the Company’s underlying common stock from the date of issuance to September 30, 2019, in addition to fluctuations in the other valuation model inputs.
The following table summarizes the change in the fair value of the warrant liability, which is valued using significant unobservable Level 3 inputs, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30,
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
Beginning Balance
|
$
|
11,430
|
|
|
$
|
13,537
|
|
|
$
|
1,240
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Issuance
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
17,806
|
|
Revaluations Included In Earnings
|
(1,160
|
)
|
|
(1,464
|
)
|
|
9,030
|
|
|
(5,733
|
)
|
Exercises
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Expirations
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Ending Balance
|
$
|
10,270
|
|
|
$
|
12,073
|
|
|
$
|
10,270
|
|
|
$
|
12,073
|
|
Note 11: Share-Based Compensation
2016 Stock Plan
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company continued to administer and grant awards under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the “2016 Plan”), the Company’s only active equity incentive plan. Certain of the Company’s outstanding and exercisable stock options remain subject to the terms of the Company’s 2008 Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”), which is the predecessor to the 2016 Plan and became inactive upon adoption of the 2016 Plan effective September 20, 2016.
On August 16, 2018, the board of directors approved an amendment to the 2016 Plan (“the 2016 Plan Amendment”), subject to stockholder approval, to increase the number of shares reserved under the 2016 Plan by 1,000,000 and to increase the award limit on the maximum aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be granted to any one person during any calendar year from 250,000 to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On July 31, 2019, at the Company’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, stockholders approved the 2016 Plan Amendment. All other material terms of the 2016 Plan otherwise remain unchanged.
Stock Appreciation Rights
On August 8, 2018, the Company entered into an employment agreement with G. Kelly Martin (the “Employment Agreement”). The Employment Agreement provided for 1,000,000 SARs granted on a contingent basis that would have been irrevocably forfeited and voided in full if the Company had failed to obtain stockholder approval for the 2016 Plan Amendment. If such approval had not been obtained, the Company would have been required to pay Mr. Martin the cash equivalent of the value of the SARs. As such, with stockholder approval of the 2016 Plan Amendment, the SARs detailed within the Employment Agreement have been awarded to Mr. Martin and are no longer considered to be granted on a contingent basis.
The SARs entitle Mr. Martin to a payment (in cash, shares of common stock or a combination of both) equal to the fair market value of one share of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise less the exercise price of $3.80 per share. The SARs will vest in full on February 1, 2020. The SARs will be deemed automatically exercised and settled as of February 1, 2020, provided Mr. Martin remains continuously employed with the Company through such date unless vesting is otherwise expressly accelerated pursuant to the SAR Agreement.
Due to the contingent nature of the SAR grant, prior to stockholder approval on July 31, 2019, these share-based payment awards were classified as liabilities and the amount of compensation cost recognized was based on the fair value of those liabilities. The corresponding obligation was recorded within other long-term liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at the estimated fair value on the date of issuance and was re-valued each subsequent reporting period with adjustments to the fair value recognized as share-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Subsequent to stockholder approval, the SARs were no longer considered to be granted on a contingent basis. As the Company has the sole discretion to settle any awards with cash, common stock or a combination of both, as of July 31, 2019, the SARs were reclassified from liability to equity-based awards at fair value and reclassified to additional paid-in capital. The fair value of the SARs was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model on the July 31, 2019 remeasurement date. The reclassification from other long-term liabilities to additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet was $366 as of July 31, 2019.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a reduction to employee share-based compensation expense, including fair value adjustments related to the SAR, of $3. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense of $413 related to the SAR. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense related to the SARs of $65.
Inducement Grants
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company awarded nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares of common stock to newly-hired employees, as inducements material to the individuals’ entering into employment with the Company within the meaning of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) (the “Inducement Grants”). On May 31, 2018, the Company awarded 100,500 Inducement Grants with an exercise price of $3.15 per share, and on September 6, 2019, the Company awarded 25,000 Inducement Grants with an exercise price of $2.62 per share. The Inducement Grants were awarded outside of the Company’s 2016 Plan, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4), but have terms and conditions generally consistent with the Company’s 2016 Plan and vest over three years, subject to the employee’s continued service as an employee or consultant through the vesting period.
Stock Compensation Expense
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense of $690 and $2,444, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense of $470 and $1,903, respectively. Total share-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30,
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2018
|
Research and development
|
$
|
376
|
|
|
$
|
204
|
|
|
$
|
957
|
|
|
$
|
907
|
|
General and administrative
|
314
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
1,487
|
|
|
996
|
|
|
$
|
690
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
2,444
|
|
|
$
|
1,903
|
|
Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
Subject to
Outstanding
Options
|
|
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
|
|
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)
|
|
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
|
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2018
|
1,671,666
|
|
|
$
|
5.42
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options granted
|
658,030
|
|
|
2.36
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options forfeited
|
(384,695
|
)
|
|
7.26
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercised
|
(12,999
|
)
|
|
0.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding as of September 30, 2019
|
1,932,002
|
|
|
$
|
4.05
|
|
|
8.24
|
|
$
|
211
|
|
As of September 30, 2019, there were a total of 1,932,002 stock options outstanding, including 125,500 inducement grants. In addition, there were 280,208 shares available for future issuance under the 2016 Plan as of September 30, 2019.
Note 12: Tangible Stockholder Return Plan
Performance Plan
On August 2, 2018, the Company’s board of directors approved and established the Tangible Stockholder Return Plan, which is a performance-based long-term incentive plan (the “Performance Plan”). The Performance Plan was effective immediately upon approval and expires on March 1, 2022. The Performance Plan covers all employees, including the Company’s executive officers, consultants and other persons deemed eligible by the Company’s compensation committee. The core underlying metric of the Performance Plan is the achievement of two share price goals for the Company’s common stock, which if achieved, would represent measurable increases in stockholder value.
The Performance Plan is tiered, with two separate tranches, each of which has a distinct share price target (measured as the average publicly traded share price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq stock exchange for a 30 consecutive trading day period) that will, if achieved, trigger a distinct fixed bonus pool. The share price target for the first tranche and related bonus pool are $11.17 per share and $25,000, respectively. The share price target for the second tranche and related bonus pool
are $25.45 per share and $50,000, respectively. The compensation committee has discretion to distribute the bonus pool related to each tranche among eligible participants by establishing individual minimum bonus amounts before, as well as by distributing the remainder of the applicable pool after, the achievement of each tranche specific share price target. Otherwise, if the Company does not achieve one or both related share price targets, as defined, no portion of the bonus pools will be paid.
The Performance Plan provides for the distinct fixed bonus pools to be paid in the form of cash. However, the compensation committee has discretion to pay any bonus due under the Performance Plan in the form of cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, provided that the Company’s stockholders have approved the reservation of shares of the Company’s common stock for such payment.
The Performance Plan permits the compensation committee to make bonus awards subject to varying payment terms, including awards that vest and are payable immediately upon achieving an applicable share price target as well as awards that pay over an extended period (either with or without ongoing employment requirements). The Performance Plan contemplates that no bonus award payments will be delayed beyond 24 months for named executive officers or more than 12 months for all other participants.
For purposes of determining whether a share price target has been met, the share price targets will be adjusted in the event of any stock splits, cash dividends, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications or similar events. In the event of a change in control, as defined in the Performance Plan, during the term of the Performance Plan, a performance bonus pool will be generated based on pro-rata progress toward achievement of the applicable share price target through the date of the change in control.
The Company has concluded that the Performance Plan is within the scope of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation as the underlying plan obligations are based on the potential attainment of certain market share price targets of the Company’s common stock. Any awards under the Performance Plan would be payable, at the discretion of the Company’s compensation committee following the achievement of the applicable share price target, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof, provided that, prior to any payment in common stock, the Company’s stockholders have approved the reservation of shares of the Company’s common stock for such payment.
ASC 718 requires that a liability-based award should be classified as a liability on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and the amount of compensation cost recognized should be based on the fair value of the liability. When a liability-based award includes both a service and market condition, the market condition is taken into account when determining the appropriate method to estimate fair value and the compensation cost is amortized over the estimated service period. Therefore, the liability associated with the Performance Plan obligation is recorded within other long-term liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at the estimated fair value on the date of issuance and is re-valued each subsequent reporting period end. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense within operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, including adjustments to the fair value of the liability-based award, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
The fair value of obligations under the Performance Plan are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The Company’s common stock price is simulated under the Geometric Brownian Motion framework under each simulation path. The other assumptions for the Monte Carlo simulation include the risk-free interest rate, estimated volatility and the expected term. Expected stock price volatility is based on the actual historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies observed over a historical period equal to the expected remaining life of the plan. The fair value of the underlying common stock is the published closing market price on the Nasdaq Global Market as of each reporting date. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of valuation equal to the remaining expected life of the plan. The dividend yield percentage is zero because the Company does not currently pay dividends, nor does it intend to do so during the expected term of the plan. The expected life of bonus awards under the Performance Plan is assumed to be equivalent to the remaining contractual term based on the estimated service period including the service inception date of the plan participants and the contractual end of the Performance Plan.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense related to the Performance Plan of $429 and $1,353, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded employee share-based compensation expense related to the Performance Plan of $38.
Note 13: Related Party Transactions
Members of the Company’s board of directors held 1,002,776 and 782,083 shares of the Company’s common stock as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
In June 2017, G. Kelly Martin was appointed as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer before being named as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in April 2018. Mr. Martin continues to serve as a member of the Company’s board of directors and previously served as chief executive officer of Malin Corporation plc until October 1, 2017. Malin Corporation plc is the parent company of Malin Life Sciences Holdings Limited (“Malin”), which beneficially owns approximately 10% of the Company’s outstanding common stock.
Two of the Company’s directors during 2018 were also affiliated with Malin. Sean Murphy, who resigned from the Company’s board in September 2018, was an executive officer and a director of Malin, and an executive vice president of Malin Corporation plc. In addition, Robert A. Ingram, the Company’s executive chairman of the board, was also a director of Malin Corporation plc until July 2018.
Cilatus BioPharma
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company incurred costs of $78 and $250, respectively, in relation to a development and manufacturing consulting agreement with Cilatus BioPharma AG (“Cilatus Agreement”), which is majority-owned by Malin Corporation plc. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred costs of $121 and $491, respectively, under the Cilatus Agreement. These costs are expensed as incurred and are classified as research and development expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Estimated fees remaining under the current statements of work are approximately $93, and are expected to be incurred throughout the remainder of 2019.
Health Decisions
On October 25, 2018, the Company announced the formation of a dedicated women’s health business unit as well as a foundational collaboration with Health Decisions, Inc. (“Health Decisions”). Health Decisions is a full-service contract research organization specializing in clinical studies of therapeutics for women’s health indications. The Company’s women’s health business unit is led by Paula Brown Stafford, who also is a shareholder and serves on the board of directors of Health Decisions.
Reedy Creek
Reedy Creek beneficially owns approximately 15% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and approximately 3.9 million warrants, all of which was acquired during the Company’s public offering of common stock and accompanying warrants in January 2018. Accordingly, Reedy Creek is a related party of the Company. The purchase agreement with Reedy Creek, described in Note 6—Research and Development Arrangements, was evaluated and approved pursuant to the Company’s existing related party transactions policy.
Note 14: Subsequent Events
Sato Payment
On November 7, 2019, the Company received the final installment payment related to the Amended Sato Agreement of 0.5 billion JPY (approximately $4,554 USD).