CTT CatchMark Timber Trust Inc

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Per Share	CTT	New York Stock Exchange

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GLOSSARY

The following abbreviations or acronyms may be used in this document and shall have the adjacent meanings set forth below:

AFM		American Forestry Management, Inc.
AgFirst		Agfirst Farm Credit Bank
ASC		Accounting Standards Codification
ASU		Accounting Standards Update
CoBank		CoBank, ACB
Code		Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
EBITDA		Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depletion, and Amortization
FASB		Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCCR		Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio
FRC		Forest Resource Consultants, Inc.
GAAP		U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
HBU		Higher and Better Use
HLBV		Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value
IP		International Paper Company
LIBOR		London Interbank Offered Rate
LTV		Loan-to-Value
MBF		Thousand Board Feet
MPERS		Missouri Department of Transportation & Patrol Retirement System
NYSE		New York Stock Exchange
Rabobank		Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank, B.A.
REIT		Real Estate Investment Trust
RSU		Restricted Stock Unit
SEC		Securities and Exchange Commission
TRS		Taxable REIT Subsidiary
U.S.		United States
VIE		Variable Interest Entity
WestRock		WestRock Company (formerly known as MeadWestvaco Corporation)

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PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The information furnished in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows reflects all adjustments, consisting solely of normal and recurring adjustments, that are, in management’s opinion, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the aforementioned financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the condensed notes to our consolidated financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results expected for the full year.

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CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except for per-share amounts)

	(Unaudited) March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,420			$	5,614
Accounts receivable	5,162				7,355
Prepaid expenses and other assets	6,504				7,369
Operating lease right-of-use asset, less accumulated amortization of $69 as of March 31, 2019 (Note 2)	3,331				—
Deferred financing costs	307				327
Timber assets (Note 3):
Timber and timberlands, net	681,744				687,851
Intangible lease assets, less accumulated amortization of $946 and $945 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	11				12
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (Note 4)	67,960				96,244
Total assets	$	767,439			$	804,772
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	3,686			$	4,936
Operating lease liability (Note 2)	3,418				—
Other liabilities	7,861				5,940
Notes payable and lines of credit, net of deferred financing costs (Note 5)	472,443				472,240
Total liabilities	487,408				483,116
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)	—				—
Stockholders’ Equity:
Class A Common stock, $0.01 par value; 900,000 shares authorized; 49,083 and 49,127 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	492				492
Additional paid-in capital	729,705				730,416
Accumulated deficit and distributions	(446,233		)		(409,260		)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(3,933		)		8
Total stockholders’ equity	280,031				321,656
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	767,439			$	804,772

See accompanying notes.

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CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except for per-share amounts)

	(Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019				2018
Revenues:
Timber sales	$	16,551			$	18,653
Timberland sales	2,090				4,252
Asset management fees	2,842				36
Other revenues	1,090				1,163
	22,573				24,104
Expenses:
Contract logging and hauling costs	7,356				8,582
Depletion	5,268				7,062
Cost of timberland sales	1,560				3,147
Forestry management expenses	1,734				1,830
General and administrative expenses	3,363				2,945
Land rent expense	142				161
Other operating expenses	1,644				1,396
	21,067				25,123
Operating income (loss)	1,506				(1,019		)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	30				64
Interest expense	(4,622		)		(4,251		)
	(4,592		)		(4,187		)
Loss before unconsolidated joint ventures	(3,086		)		(5,206		)
Loss (income) from unconsolidated joint ventures (Note 4)	(27,309		)		1,821
Net loss	$	(30,395	)		$	(3,385	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	49,063				44,380
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.62	)		$	(0.08	)

See accompanying notes.

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CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

	(Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019				2018
Net loss	$	(30,395	)		$	(3,385	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Market value adjustment to interest rate swaps	(3,941		)		1,931
Comprehensive loss	$	(34,336	)		$	(1,454	)

See accompanying notes.

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CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except for per-share amounts)

	Common Stock							Additional Paid-In Capital				Accumulated Deficit and Distributions				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Amount
Balance, December 31, 2018	49,127			$	492			$	730,416			$	(409,260	)		$	8			$	321,656
Common stock issued pursuant to:
LTIP, net of forfeitures and amounts withheld for income taxes	92			1				292												293
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.135 per share)												(6,578		)						(6,578		)
Repurchase of common stock	(136	)		(1		)		(1,003		)										(1,004		)
Net loss												(30,395		)						(30,395		)
Other comprehensive loss																(3,941		)		(3,941		)
Balance, March 31, 2019	49,083			$	492			$	729,705			$	(446,233	)		$	(3,933	)		$	280,031
	Common Stock							Additional Paid-In Capital				Accumulated Deficit and Distributions				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income				Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares			Amount
Balance, December 31, 2017	43,425			$	434			$	661,222			$	(261,652	)		$	2,376			$	402,380
Common stock issued pursuant to:
Equity Offering	5,750			58				72,392												72,450
LTIP, net of forfeitures and amounts withheld for income taxes	(46	)		(1		)		(85		)										(86		)
Stock issuance cost								(3,490		)										(3,490		)
Dividends to common stockholders ($0.135 per share)												(5,815		)						(5,815		)
Net loss												(3,385		)						(3,385		)
Other comprehensive income																1,931				1,931
Balance, March 31, 2018	49,129			$	491			$	730,039			$	(270,852	)		$	4,307			$	463,985

See accompanying notes.

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CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	(Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019				2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(30,395	)		$	(3,385	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depletion	5,268				7,062
Basis of timberland sold, lease terminations and other	1,807				2,856
Stock-based compensation expense	659				765
Noncash interest expense	250				1,671
Other amortization	208				54
Loss (income) from unconsolidated joint ventures	27,309				(1,821		)
Operating distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures	179				2,188
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	1,363				1,330
Prepaid expenses and other assets	513				76
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,109		)		1,284
Other liabilities	(805		)		(1,133		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	5,247				10,947
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Timberland acquisitions and earnest money paid	—				(2,319		)
Capital expenditures (excluding timberland acquisitions)	(1,259		)		(1,545		)
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures	796				—
Net cash used in investing activities	(463		)		(3,864		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Repayment of notes payable	—				(69,000		)
Financing costs paid	(31		)		(95		)
Issuance of common stock	—				72,450
Other offering costs paid	—				(3,490		)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(6,578		)		(5,815		)
Repurchase of common shares under the share repurchase program	(1,004		)		—
Repurchase of common shares for minimum tax withholdings	(365		)		(851		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(7,978		)		(6,801		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(3,194		)		282
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	5,614				7,805
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	2,420			$	8,087

See accompanying notes.

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CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2019 (unaudited)

1.	Organization

CatchMark Timber Trust Inc. ("CatchMark Timber Trust") ( NYSE : CTT) owns and operates timberlands located in the United States and has elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. CatchMark Timber Trust acquires, owns, operates, manages, and disposes of timberland directly, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, or through joint ventures. CatchMark Timber Trust was incorporated in Maryland in 2005 and commenced operations in 2007. CatchMark Timber Trust conducts substantially all of its business through CatchMark Timber Operating Partnership, L.P. (“ CatchMark Timber OP ”), a Delaware limited partnership. CatchMark Timber Trust is the general partner of CatchMark Timber OP , possesses full legal control and authority over its operations, and owns 99.99% of its common partnership units. CatchMark LP Holder, LLC (“ CatchMark LP Holder ”), a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of CatchMark Timber Trust , is the sole limited partner of CatchMark Timber OP and owns the remaining 0.01% of its common partnership units. In addition, CatchMark Timber TRS, Inc. (“CatchMark TRS”), a Delaware corporation formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CatchMark Timber OP in 2006, is our taxable REIT subsidiary. Unless otherwise noted, references herein to CatchMark shall include CatchMark Timber Trust and all of its subsidiaries, including CatchMark Timber OP , and the subsidiaries of CatchMark Timber OP , including CatchMark TRS.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of CatchMark have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements for the unaudited interim periods presented include all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the results for such periods. Results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

CatchMark’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CatchMark and any VIE in which CatchMark is deemed the primary beneficiary. With respect to entities that are not VIEs, CatchMark's consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of any entity in which CatchMark owns a controlling financial interest and any limited partnership in which CatchMark owns a controlling general partnership interest. In determining whether a controlling interest exists, CatchMark considers, among other factors, the ownership of voting interests, protective rights, and participatory rights of the investors. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For further information, refer to the audited financial statements and footnotes included in CatchMark’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Investments in Joint Ventures

For joint ventures that it does not control but exercises significant influence, CatchMark uses the equity method of accounting. CatchMark's judgment about its level of influence or control of an entity involves consideration of various factors including the form of its ownership interest; its representation in the entity's governance; its ability to participate in policy-making decisions; and the rights of other investors to participate in the decision-making process, to replace CatchMark as manager, and/or to liquidate the venture. Under the equity method, the investment in a joint venture is recorded at cost and adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Income or loss and cash distributions from an unconsolidated joint venture are allocated according to the provisions of the respective joint venture agreement, which may be different from its stated ownership percentages. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments on CatchMark’s balance sheets and the underlying equity in net assets on the joint venture’s balance sheets is adjusted as the related underlying assets are depreciated, amortized, or sold. Distributions received from unconsolidated joint ventures are classified in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows using the

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cumulative earnings approach under which distributions received in an amount equal to cumulative equity in earnings are classified as cash inflows from operating activities and distributions received in excess of cumulative equity in earnings represent returns of investment and therefore are classified as cash inflows from investing activities.

CatchMark evaluates the recoverability of its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in accordance with accounting standards for equity investments by first reviewing each investment for any indicators of impairment. If indicators are present, CatchMark estimates the fair value of the investment. If the carrying value of the investment is greater than the estimated fair value, management assesses whether the impairment is “temporary” or “other-than-temporary.” In making this assessment, management considers the following: (1) the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the entity, and (3) CatchMark’s intent and ability to retain its interest long enough for a recovery in market value. If management concludes that the impairment is "other than temporary," CatchMark reduces the investment to its estimated fair value.

For information on CatchMark’s unconsolidated joint ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting, see Note 4 , Unconsolidated Joint Ventures .

Segment Information

CatchMark primarily engages in the acquisition, ownership, operation, management, and disposition of timberland properties located in the United States, either directly through wholly-owned subsidiaries or through equity method investments in affiliated joint ventures. CatchMark defines operating segments in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, to reflect the manner in which its chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates performance and allocates resources in managing the business. CatchMark has aggregated its operating segments into three reportable segments: Harvest, Real Estate and Investment Management. See Note 9 — Segment Information for additional information.

New Lease Accounting Standard

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02,  Leases ("ASC 842"). ASC 842 establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on its balance sheet for all leases, subject to certain scope exceptions. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.

CatchMark adopted ASC 842 effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of the application recognized at the effective date. CatchMark elected the package of practical expedients, including the option to account for each separate lease component of a contract and its associated non-lease component as a single lease component, thus causing all fixed payments to be capitalized; and the practical expedient, which among other things, allows CatchMark to carry forward historical lease classification. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease such as increases in lease payments based on changes in index rates or usage, are not included in the operating lease ROU asset or liability. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense. Management identified and evaluated all of its in-place leases, subleases, and contracts with a lease component, and determined that its office lease is the only lease within the scope of ASC 842. CatchMark elected the practical expedient to not apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to its short-term leases. CatchMark determined its long-term timber lease to be a lease of biological assets, a scope exception to ASC 842. Long-term timber lease expense is reported as land rent expense on CatchMark's consolidated statements of operations. See Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies, Obligations under Operating Leases for additional information on the long-term timber lease. Additionally, CatchMark determined that its hunting and recreational leases do not qualify as leases under ASC 842. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 11 - Recreational Leases to CatchMark’s audited financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for additional information on its hunting and recreational leases.

CatchMark's office lease commenced in January 2019 and expires in November 2028 and qualifies as an operating lease under ASC 842. As of January 1, 2019, CatchMark recorded an operating lease ROU asset and an operating lease

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liability of approximately $3.4 million on its balance sheet, which represents the net present value of lease payments over the lease term discounted using CatchMark's incremental borrowing rate at commencement date. CatchMark’s office lease contains renewal options; however, the options were not included in the calculation of the operating lease ROU and operating lease liability as it is not reasonably certain that CatchMark will exercise the renewal options. CatchMark recorded $87,000 of amortization expense related to the operating lease ROU asset and the operating lease liability for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was included in general and administrative expenses on its consolidated statement of operations and in other amortization on its consolidated statement of cash flows. The adoption of ASC 842 did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to CatchMark's retained earnings, as its office lease commenced in January 2019.

The following amounts related to the office lease were reflected in CatchMark's consolidated financial statements:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Cash paid for office lease	$	21
ROU asset obtained in exchange for new operating lease liability	$	3,418
Lease term	9.9 years
Discount rate	4.58		%

CatchMark had the following future annual payments for its operating lease as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	As of
( in thousands )	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Required Payments as of March 31,
2019	$	290			$	312
2020	397				397
2021	412				412
2022	424				424
2023	435				435
2024	447				447
Thereafter	1,873				1,873
	$	4,278			$	4,300
Less: imputed interest	(860		)
Operating lease liability	$	3,418

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period's financial statement presentation. Within revenues on the accompanying statements of operations, asset management fees in the amount of $36,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 have been reclassified out of other revenues.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (Topic 815), which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815, " Derivatives and Hedging ." In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes . ASU 2017-12 expands an entity's ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduces the complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. It eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. The amendments in ASU 2018-16 permit use of the OIS rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes

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under Topic 815. CatchMark adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2018 and ASU 2018-16 on January 1, 2019. These adoptions did not have a material effect on CatchMark's consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which expands the scope of ASC 718 to include share-based payments granted to non-employees in exchange for goods or services used or consumed in an entity’s own operations. This guidance aligns the measurement and classification for share-based payments to non-employees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. ASU 2018-07 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. CatchMark adopted ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019 and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

On July 16, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements. The amendments in this update represent changes to clarify the ASC, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the ASC that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. Some of the amendments make the ASC easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies, providing needed clarifications, and improving the presentation of guidance in the ASC. ASU 2018-09 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. CatchMark adopted ASU 2018-09 on January 1, 2019 and the adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) : Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which added new disclosure requirements, eliminated and modified existing disclosure requirements on fair value measurement to improve the effectiveness of ASC 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. CatchMark is currently assessing the impact ASU 2018-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities, which reduces the cost and complexity of financial reporting associated with consolidation of VIEs. This guidance supersedes the private company alternative for common control leasing arrangements issued in 2014 and expands it to all qualifying common control arrangements. ASU 2018-17 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein. CatchMark is currently assessing the impact ASU 2018-17 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

3.     Timber Assets

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , timber and timberlands consisted of the following, respectively:

	As of March 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Gross				Accumulated Depletion or Amortization				Net
Timber	$	320,356			$	5,268			$	315,088
Timberlands	366,356				—				366,356
Mainline roads	972				672				300
Timber and timberlands	$	687,684			$	5,940			$	681,744

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	As of December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Gross				Accumulated Depletion or Amortization				Net
Timber	$	345,972			$	25,912			$	320,060
Timberlands	367,488				—				367,488
Mainline roads	954				651				303
Timber and timberlands	$	714,414			$	26,563			$	687,851

Timberland Sales

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , CatchMark sold approximately 900 and 2,200 acres of timberland for $2.1 million and $4.3 million , respectively. CatchMark's cost basis in the timberland sold was $1.4 million and $2.9 million , respectively.

Timberland sales acreage by state is listed below:

		Three Months Ended March 31,
Acres Sold In:		2019			2018
Alabama		500			—
Georgia		—			1,400
Louisiana		—			100
North Carolina		400			—
South Carolina		—			600
Texas		—			100
Total		900			2,200

Current Timberland Portfolio

As of March 31, 2019 , CatchMark directly owned interests in approximately 458,700 acres of timberlands in the U.S. South and Pacific Northwest, approximately 432,000 acres of which were fee-simple interests and approximately 26,700 acres were leasehold interests. Land acreage by state is listed below:

Acres by state as of March 31, 2019 (1)		Fee			Lease			Total
South
Alabama		72,400			1,800			74,200
Florida		2,000			—			2,000
Georgia		261,300			24,900			286,200
North Carolina		200			—			200
South Carolina		77,700			—			77,700
Tennessee		300			—			300
		413,900			26,700			440,600
Pacific Northwest
Oregon		18,100			—			18,100
Total		432,000			26,700			458,700

(1)	Represents CatchMark wholly-owned acreage only; excludes ownership interest in acreage held by joint ventures.

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4. Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

As of March 31, 2019 , CatchMark owned interests in two joint ventures with unrelated parties: the Triple T Joint Venture and the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture (each as defined and described below).

	As of March 31, 2019
	Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture			Triple T Joint Venture
Ownership percentage	50.0%			21.6	%	(1)
Acreage owned by the joint venture	4,400			1,099,500
Merchantable timber inventory (million tons)	0.3	(3)		42.1		(2)
Location	Georgia			Texas

(1)	Represents our share of total partner capital contributions.

(2)	The Triple T Joint Venture considers inventory to be merchantable at age 12. Merchantable timber inventory does not include current year growth.

(3)	Merchantable timber inventory does not include current year growth.

CatchMark accounts for these investments using the equity method of accounting.

Triple T Joint Venture

During 2018, CatchMark formed a joint venture, TexMark Timber Treasury, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Triple T Joint Venture"), with a consortium of institutional investors (the "Preferred Investors") to acquire 1.1 million  acres of high-quality East Texas industrial timberlands (the “Triple T Timberlands”), for approximately  $1.39 billion (the “Acquisition Price”), exclusive of transaction costs. The Triple T Joint Venture completed the acquisition of the Triple T Timberlands in July 2018. CatchMark invested $200.0 million in the Triple T Joint Venture, equal to 21.6% of the total equity contributions, in exchange for a common limited partnership interest. CatchMark, through a separate wholly-owned and consolidated subsidiary, is the sole general partner of the Triple T Joint Venture.

CatchMark uses the equity method to account for its investment in the Triple T Joint Venture since it does not possess the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the Triple T Joint Venture, and accordingly, CatchMark does not possess the first characteristic of a primary beneficiary described in GAAP. CatchMark appointed three common board members of the Triple T Joint Venture, including its Chief Executive Officer,

Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President of Forest Resources, which provides CatchMark with significant influence over the Triple T Joint Venture. Accordingly, pursuant to the applicable accounting literature, it is appropriate for CatchMark to apply the equity method of accounting to its investment in the Triple T Joint Venture. 

The Triple T Joint Venture agreement provides for liquidation rights and distribution priorities that are significantly different from CatchMark's stated ownership percentage based on total equity contributions. The Preferred Investors are entitled to a minimum 10.25% cumulative return on their equity contributions, plus a complete return of their equity contributions before any distributions may be made on CatchMark’s common limited partnership interest. As such, CatchMark uses the hypothetical-liquidation-at-book-value method (“HLBV”) to determine its equity in the earnings of the Triple T Joint Venture. The HLBV method is commonly applied to equity investments in real estate, where cash distribution percentages vary at different points in time and are not directly linked to an investor's ownership percentage. For investments accounted for under the HLBV method, applying the percentage ownership interest to GAAP net income in order to determine earnings or losses would not accurately represent the income allocation and cash flow distributions that will ultimately be received by the investors.

CatchMark applies HLBV using a balance sheet approach. A calculation is prepared at each balance sheet date to determine the amount that CatchMark would receive if the Triple T Joint Venture were to liquidate all of its assets (at book value in accordance with GAAP) on that date and distribute the proceeds to the partners based on the contractually-defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning

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and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions, is CatchMark's income or loss from the Triple T Joint Venture for the period.

Condensed balance sheet information for the Triple T Joint Venture is as follows:

	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Triple T Joint Venture:
Total assets	$	1,594,454			$	1,607,413
Total liabilities	$	749,742			$	754,610
Total equity	$	844,712			$	852,803
CatchMark:
Carrying value of investment	$	62,962			$	90,450

Condensed income statement information for the Triple T Joint Venture is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Triple T Joint Venture:
Total revenues	$	35,964			$	—
Operating income	$	2,522			$	—
Net loss	$	(4,281	)		$	—
CatchMark:
Equity share of net loss	$	(27,488	)		$	—

Condensed statement of cash flow information for the Triple T Joint Venture is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Triple T Joint Venture:
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(5,575	)		$	—
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(1,503	)		$	—
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	100			$	—
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(6,978	)		$	—
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	$	39,300			$	—
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	32,322			$	—

CatchMark's equity share of the Triple T Joint Venture's net loss determined using the HLBV method as of March 31, 2019 is calculated as follows:

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(in thousands)
Triple T Joint Venture:
Total equity as of March 31, 2019				$	844,712
Preferred Investors:
Equity in Triple T Joint Venture, beginning balance	$	762,353
Minimum preferred return as of March 31, 2019	$	19,268
Class A preferred equity as of March 31, 2019	$	129
HLBV distribution as of March 31, 2019				$	781,750
CatchMark:
Equity in Triple T Joint Venture as of March 31, 2019				$	62,962
Equity in Triple T Joint Venture, as of January 1, 2019				$	90,450
Equity share of Triple T Joint Venture's net loss				$	(27,488	)

Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture

During 2017, CatchMark formed the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture with MPERS, each owns a 50% membership interest. CatchMark shares substantive participation rights with MPERS, including management selection and termination, and the approval of material operating and capital decisions and, as such, uses the equity method of accounting to record its investment. Income or loss and cash distributions are allocated according to the provisions of the joint venture agreement, which are consistent with the ownership percentages for the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture.

Condensed balance sheet information for the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture is as follows:

	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture:
Total assets	$	10,603			$	12,164
Total liabilities	$	605			$	575
Total equity	$	9,998			$	11,589
CatchMark:
Carrying value of investment	$	4,999			$	5,795

Condensed income statement information for the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture:
Total revenues	$	1,413			$	10,793
Net income	$	357			$	3,642
CatchMark:
Equity share of net income	$	179			$	1,821

Condensed statement of cash flow information for the Dawsonville Joint Venture is as follows:

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	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019				March 31, 2018
Dawsonville Joint Venture:
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,185			$	10,084
Net cash provided by investing activities	$	—			$	—
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(1,949	)		$	(4,375	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(764	)		$	5,709
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	$	1,731			$	5,375
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	967			$	11,084

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, CatchMark received cash distributions of $1.0 million and $2.2 million , respectively, from the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture.

Asset Management Fees

CatchMark provides asset management services to the Triple T Joint Venture and the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture. Under these arrangements, CatchMark oversees the day-to-day operations of these joint ventures and their properties, including accounting, reporting and other administrative services, subject to certain major decisions that require partner approval. For management of the Triple T Joint Venture, CatchMark receives a fee equal to 1% per annum, subject to reduction and deferment in certain circumstances, of the Acquisition Price multiplied by 78.4 %, which represents the percentage of the total equity contributions made to the Triple T Joint Venture by the Preferred Investors. For management of the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture, CatchMark receives a percentage fee based on invested capital, as defined by the joint venture agreement.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, CatchMark earned the following fees from these unconsolidated joint ventures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Triple T Joint Venture (1)	$	2,821			$	—
Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture	21				36
	$	2,842			$	36

(1)	Includes approximately $0.1 million of reimbursements of compensation costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

5.    Notes Payable and Lines of Credit

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , CatchMark had the following debt balances outstanding:

(in thousands)									Outstanding Balance as of
Credit Facility		Maturity Date		Interest Rate		Current Interest Rate (1)			March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Term Loan A-1		12/23/2024		LIBOR + 1.75%		4.24	%		$	100,000			$	100,000
Term Loan A-2		12/1/2026		LIBOR + 1.90%		4.40	%		100,000				100,000
Term Loan A-3		12/1/2027		LIBOR + 2.00%		4.50	%		68,619				68,619
Term Loan A-4		8/22/2025		LIBOR + 1.70%		4.18	%		140,000				140,000
Multi-Draw Term Facility		12/1/2024		LIBOR + 2.20%		4.69	%		70,000				70,000
Total principal balance									$	478,619			$	478,619
Less: net unamortized deferred financing costs									(6,176		)		$	(6,379	)
Total									$	472,443			$	472,240

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(1)	For the Multi-Draw Term Facility, the interest rate represents weighted-average interest rate as of March 31, 2019 . The weighted-average interest rate excludes the impact of the interest rate swaps (see Note 6 - Interest Rate Swaps ), amortization of deferred financing costs, unused commitment fees, and estimated patronage refunds.

2018 Amended Credit Agreement

CatchMark is party to a credit agreement dated as of December 1, 2017, as amended on August 22, 2018 (the “2018 Amended Credit Agreement”), with a syndicate of lenders, including CoBank. The 2018 Amended Credit Agreement provides for borrowing under credit facilities consisting of the following:

•	a $35.0 million five -year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”);

•	a $200.0 million seven -year multi-draw term credit facility (the “Multi-Draw Term Facility”);

•	a $100.0 million ten -year term loan (the “Term Loan A-1”);

•	a $100.0 million nine -year term loan (the “Term Loan A-2”);

•	a $68.6 million ten -year term loan (the “Term Loan A-3”); and

•	a $140.0 million seven -year term loan (the "Term Loan A-4").

As of March 31, 2019 , $165.0 million remained available under CatchMark's credit facilities, consisting of $130.0 million under the Multi-Draw Term Facility and $35.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility.

 

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used for general working capital, to support letters of credit, to fund cash earnest money deposits, to fund acquisitions in an amount not to exceed $5.0 million , and for other general corporate purposes. The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at an adjustable rate equal to a base rate plus between 0.50% and 1.20% or a LIBOR rate plus between 1.50% and 2.20% , in each case depending on CatchMark's LTV Ratio, and will terminate and all amounts outstanding under the facility will be due and payable on December 1, 2022.

The Multi-Draw Term Facility may be used to finance timberland acquisitions and associated expenses, to fund investment in joint ventures, and to reimburse payments of drafts under letters of credit. The Multi-Draw Term Facility, which is interest only until its maturity date, bears interest at an adjustable rate equal to a base rate plus between 0.50% and 1.20% or a LIBOR rate plus between 1.50% and 2.20% , in each case depending on CatchMark's LTV Ratio, and will terminate and all amounts outstanding under the facility will be due and payable on December 1, 2024.

CatchMark pays the lenders an unused commitment fee on the unused portions of the Revolving Credit Facility and the Multi-Draw Term Facility at an adjustable rate ranging from 0.15%  to  0.35% , depending on the LTV Ratio.

CatchMark’s obligations under the credit agreement are collateralized by a first priority lien on the timberlands owned by CatchMark’s subsidiaries and substantially all of CatchMark’s subsidiaries’ other assets in which a security interest may lawfully be granted, including, without limitation, accounts, equipment, inventory, intellectual property, bank accounts and investment property. In addition, the obligations under the credit agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed by CatchMark and all of its subsidiaries pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement. CatchMark has also agreed to guarantee certain losses caused by certain willful acts of CatchMark or its subsidiaries.

Patronage Refunds

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CatchMark is eligible to receive annual patronage refunds from its lenders (the "Patronage Banks") under a profit-sharing program made available to borrowers of the Farm Credit System. CatchMark has received a patronage refund on its eligible patronage loans annually since 2015. The eligibility remains the same under the 2018 Amended Credit Agreement. Therefore, CatchMark accrues patronage refunds it expects to receive based on actual patronage refunds received as a percentage of its weighted-average eligible debt balance. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, CatchMark accrued approximately $1.0 million and $0.7 million , respectively, as patronage refunds receivable on its consolidated balance sheets and as an offset against interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

In March 2019 and 2018, CatchMark received patronage refunds of $3.3 million and $2.7 million , respectively, on its patronage eligible borrowings. Of the total patronage refunds received in both years, 75% was received in cash and 25% was received in equity of the Patronage Banks.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the following balances related to the patronage refunds program were included on CatchMark's consolidated balance sheets:

(in thousands)	As of
Patronage refunds classified as:	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Accounts receivable	$	957			$	3,323
Prepaid expenses and other assets (1)	2,329				1,499
Total	$	3,286			$	4,822

(1)	Represents cumulative patronage refunds received as equity of the Patronage Banks.

Debt Covenants

The 2018 Amended Credit Agreement contains, among others, the following financial covenants:

•	limit the LTV ratio to (i) 50% at any time prior to the last day of fiscal quarter corresponding to December 1, 2021, and (ii) 45% at any time thereafter;

•	require maintenance of a FCCR of not less than 1.05:1.00;

•	require maintenance of a minimum liquidity balance of no less than $25.0 million at any time; and

•	limit the aggregated capital expenditures to 1% of the value of the timberlands during any fiscal year.

The 2018 Amended Credit Agreement permits CatchMark to declare, set aside funds for, or pay dividends, distributions, or other payments to stockholders so long as it is not in default under the credit agreement and its minimum liquidity balance, after giving effect to the payment, is at least $25 million . However, if CatchMark has suffered a bankruptcy event or a change of control, the credit agreement prohibits CatchMark from declaring, setting aside, or paying any dividend, distribution, or other payment other than as required to maintain its REIT qualification. Restrictions in CatchMark’s credit agreements in the past have restricted CatchMark's ability to pay cash distributions to its stockholders. The 2018 Amended Credit Agreement also subjects CatchMark to mandatory prepayment from proceeds generated from dispositions of timberlands or lease terminations, which may have the effect of limiting its ability to make distributions to stockholders under certain circumstances.

CatchMark was in compliance with the financial covenants of its credit agreement as of March 31, 2019 .

Interest Paid and Fair Value of Outstanding Debt

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , CatchMark made interest payments of $5.2 million and $2.9 million , respectively, on its borrowings. No unused commitment fees were paid for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $0.1 million of fees were paid for the same period in 2018.

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As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the weighted-average interest rate on CatchMark's borrowings, after consideration of its interest rate swaps (see Note 6 — Interest Rate Swaps ), was 4.32% and 4.31% , respectively. After further consideration of expected patronage refunds, CatchMark's weighted-average interest rate as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was 3.52% and 3.51% , respectively.

6.     Interest Rate Swaps

CatchMark uses interest rate swaps to mitigate its exposure to changing interest rates on its variable rate debt instruments. As of March 31, 2019 , CatchMark had ten outstanding interest rate swaps with terms below:

(in thousands)
Interest Rate Swap		Effective Date		Maturity Date		Pay Rate		Receive Rate		Notional Amount
2017 Swap - 3YR		3/28/2017		3/28/2020		1.800%		one-month LIBOR		$	30,000
2018 Swap - 2YR		9/6/2018		9/6/2020		2.796%		one-month LIBOR		$	50,000
2018 Swap - 3YR		9/6/2018		9/6/2021		2.869%		one-month LIBOR		$	50,000
2017 Swap - 4YR		3/28/2017		11/28/2021		2.045%		one-month LIBOR		$	20,000
2018 Swap - 4YR		2/28/2018		11/28/2022		2.703%		one-month LIBOR		$	30,000
2017 Swap - 7YR		3/23/2017		3/23/2024		2.330%		one-month LIBOR		$	20,000
2014 Swap - 10YR		12/23/2014		12/23/2024		2.395%		one-month LIBOR		$	35,000
2016 Swap - 8YR		8/23/2016		12/23/2024		1.280%		one-month LIBOR		$	45,000
2018 Swap - 8YR		2/28/2018		11/28/2026		2.884%		one-month LIBOR		$	20,000
2018 Swap - 9YR		8/28/2018		8/28/2027		3.014%		one-month LIBOR		$	50,000
										$	350,000

As of March 31, 2019 , CatchMark’s interest rate swaps effectively fixed the interest rate on $350.0 million of its $478.6 million variable rate debt at 4.26% , inclusive of the applicable spread. All ten interest rate swaps qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

 

Fair Value and Cash Paid for Interest Under Interest Rate Swaps

The following table presents information about CatchMark's interest rate swaps measured at fair value as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

(in thousands)				Estimated Fair Value as of
Instrument Type		Balance Sheet Classification		March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps		Prepaid expenses and other assets		$	2,425			$	3,643
Interest rate swaps		Other liabilities		$	(6,358	)		$	(3,635	)

As of March 31, 2019 , CatchMark estimated that approximately $0.2 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense over the next 12 months.

Pursuant to the terms of its interest rate swaps, CatchMark received $42,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and paid $188,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2018, each of which was included in interest expense in its consolidated statements of operations.

7.     Commitments and Contingencies

Mahrt Timber Agreements

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In connection with its acquisition of timberlands from WestRock, CatchMark entered into a master stumpage agreement and a fiber supply agreement (collectively, the “Mahrt Timber Agreements”) with a wholly-owned subsidiary of WestRock. The master stumpage agreement provides that CatchMark will sell specified amounts of timber and make available certain portions of our timberlands to CatchMark TRS for harvesting. The fiber supply agreement provides that WestRock will purchase a specified tonnage of timber from CatchMark TRS at specified prices per ton, depending upon the type of timber product. The prices for the timber purchased pursuant to the fiber supply agreement are negotiated every two years but are subject to quarterly market pricing adjustments based on an index published by TimberMart-South, a quarterly trade publication that reports raw forest product prices in 11 southern states. The initial term of the Mahrt Timber Agreements is October 9, 2007 through December 31, 2032 , subject to extension and early termination provisions. The Mahrt Timber Agreements ensure a long-term source of supply of wood fiber products for WestRock in order to meet its paperboard and lumber production requirements at specified mills and provide CatchMark with a reliable customer for the wood products from its timberlands.

WestRock can terminate the Mahrt Timber Agreements prior to the expiration of the initial term if CatchMark replaces FRC as the forest manager without the prior written consent of WestRock, except pursuant to an internalization of the company's forestry management functions. CatchMark can terminate the Mahrt Timber Agreements if WestRock (i) ceases to operate the Mahrt mill for a period that exceeds 12 consecutive months, (ii) fails to purchase a specified tonnage of timber for two consecutive years, subject to certain limited exceptions or (iii) fails to make payments when due (and fails to cure within 30 days ). In addition, either party can terminate the Mahrt Timber Agreements if the other party commits a material breach (and fails to cure within 60 days ) or becomes insolvent. Further, the Mahrt Timber Agreements provide for adjustments to both parties' obligations in the event of a force majeure, which is defined to include, among other things, lightning, fires, storms, floods, infestation and other acts of God or nature.

Timberland Operating Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of the timberland operating agreement between CatchMark and FRC (the "FRC Timberland Operating Agreement"), FRC manages and operates certain of CatchMark 's timberlands and related timber operations, including ensuring delivery of timber to WestRock in compliance with the Mahrt Timber Agreements. In consideration for rendering the services described in the timberland operating agreement, CatchMark pays FRC (i) a monthly management fee based on the actual acreage that FRC manages, which is payable monthly in advance, and (ii) an incentive fee based on timber harvest revenues generated by the timberlands, which is payable quarterly in arrears. The FRC Timberland Operating Agreement, as amended, is effective through March 31, 2020, and is automatically extended for one -year periods unless written notice is provided by CatchMark or FRC to the other party at least 120 days prior to the current expiration. The FRC Timberland Operating Agreement may be terminated by either party with mutual consent or by CatchMark with or without cause upon providing 120 days’ prior written notice.

Pursuant to the terms of the timberland operating agreement between CatchMark and AFM (the "AFM Timberland Operating Agreement"), AFM manages and operates certain of CatchMark's timberlands and related timber operations, including ensuring delivery of timber to customers. In consideration for rendering the services described in the AFM Timberland Operating Agreement, CatchMark pays AFM (i) a monthly management fee based on the actual acreage AFM manages, which is payable monthly in advance, and (ii) an incentive fee based on revenues generated by the timber operations. The incentive fee is payable quarterly in arrears. The AFM Timberland Operating Agreement is effective through November 30, 2019 for the U.S. South region and December 31, 2019 for the Pacific Northwest region, and is automatically extended for one -year periods unless written notice is provided by CatchMark or AFM to the other party at least 120 days prior to the current expiration. The AFM Timberland Operating Agreement may be terminated by either party with mutual consent or by CatchMark with or without cause upon providing 120 days’ prior written notice.

Obligations under Operating Leases

CatchMark held leasehold interest in approximately 26,700 acres of timberlands under a long-term lease that expires in May 2022 (the “LTC Lease”). The LTC Lease provides CatchMark access rights to harvest timber as specified in the lease agreement, therefore, a lease of biological assets, which is excluded from the scope of ASC 842.

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As of March 31, 2019, CatchMark had the following future lease payments under its LTC Lease:

(in thousands)	Required Payments
2019	$	510
2020	510
2021	510
2022	452
	$	1,982

See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for information on CatchMark's office lease, which is within the scope of ASC 842.

Litigation

From time to time, CatchMark may be a party to legal proceedings, claims, and administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any reasonably possible loss relating to these matters using the latest information available. CatchMark records a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is probable and a reasonable estimate of the loss is a range, CatchMark accrues the best estimate within the range. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, CatchMark accrues the minimum amount within the range. If an unfavorable outcome is probable but the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, CatchMark discloses the nature of the litigation and indicates that an estimate of the loss or range of loss cannot be made. If an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the estimated loss is material, CatchMark discloses the nature and estimate of the possible loss of the litigation. CatchMark does not disclose information with respect to litigation where an unfavorable outcome is considered to be remote.

CatchMark is no t currently involved in any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the results of operations or financial condition of CatchMark. CatchMark is not aware of any legal proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities.

8.     Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation - Employees

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , CatchMark issued 131,500 shares of service-based restricted stock grants to certain non-executive employees, vesting over a four-year period. The fair value of serviced-based restricted stock grants was determined by the closing price of CatchMark's common stock on the grant date.

A rollforward of CatchMark's unvested, service-based restricted stock awards to employees for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:

	Number of  Underlying Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2018	300,395			$	10.60
Granted	131,500			$	9.34
Vested	(83,817	)		$	11.37
Forfeited	(1,312	)		$	9.53
Unvested at March 31, 2019	346,766			$	9.94

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On January 22, 2019, the compensation committee of the board of directors determined that, based on a set of pre-determined performance metrics between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018, 80,366 RSUs issued to CatchMark's executive officers in May 2016 were forfeited. No RSUs remained outstanding as of March 31, 2019.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

A summary of CatchMark's stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented below:

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
Stock-based Compensation Expense classified as:	2019				2018
General and administrative expenses	$	571			$	516
Forestry management expenses	88				249
Total	$	659			$	765

As of March 31, 2019 , approximately $3.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and LTIP units remained and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

9.     Segment Information

As of March 31, 2019, CatchMark had the following reportable segments: Harvest, Real Estate and Investment Management. Harvest includes wholly-owned timber assets and associated timber sales, other revenues and related expenses. Real Estate includes timberland sales, cost of timberland sales and large dispositions. Investment Management includes investment in and income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures and asset management fee revenues earned for the management of these joint ventures. General and administrative expenses, along with other expense and income items, are not allocated among segments. Asset information and capital expenditures by segment are not reported because CatchMark does not use these measures to assess performance. CatchMark’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures is reported separately on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the periods presented, there have been no material intersegment transactions.

Adjusted EBITDA is the primary performance measure reviewed by management to assess operating performance. EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure of operating performance. EBITDA is defined by the SEC as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; however, CatchMark has excluded certain other expenses that CatchMark believes are not indicative of the ongoing operating results of its timberland portfolio and investment management business, and CatchMark refers to this measure as Adjusted EBITDA. As such, CatchMark's Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment:

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Harvest	$	17,641			$	19,816
Real Estate	2,090				4,252
Investment Management	2,842				36
Total	$	22,573			$	24,104

The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Harvest	$	7,260			$	8,140
Real Estate	1,957				3,961
Investment Management	3,415				5,113
Non-allocated / Corporate EBITDA	(2,470		)		$	(2,319	)
Total	$	10,162			$	14,895

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net loss is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2019				2018
Adjusted EBITDA	$	10,162			$	14,895
Subtract:
Depletion	5,268				7,062
Basis of timberland sold, lease terminations and other (1)	1,807				2,856
Amortization (2)	458				1,725
Depletion, amortization, and basis of timberland and mitigation credits sold included in loss from unconsolidated joint venture (3)	395				3,256
HLBV loss from unconsolidated joint venture (4)	27,488				—
Stock-based compensation expense	659				765
Interest expense (2)	4,372				2,581
Other (5)	110				35
Net loss	$	(30,395	)		$	(3,385	)

(1)	Includes non-cash basis of timber and timberland assets written-off related to timberland sold, terminations of timberland leases and casualty losses.

(2)	For the purpose of the above reconciliation, amortization includes amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of intangible lease assets, and amortization of mainline road costs, which are included in either interest expense, land rent expense, or other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

(3)	Reflects our share of depletion, amortization, and basis of timberland and mitigation credits sold of the unconsolidated Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture.

(4)	Reflects HLBV (income) losses from the Triple T Joint Venture, which is determined based on a hypothetical liquidation of the underlying joint venture at book value as of the reporting date.

(5)	Includes certain cash expenses paid, or reimbursement received, that management believes do not directly reflect the core business operations of our timberland portfolio on an on-going basis, including costs required to be expensed by GAAP related to acquisitions, transactions, joint ventures or new business initiatives.

10.     Subsequent Event

Dividend Declaration

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On May 2, 2019, CatchMark declared a cash dividend of  $0.135  per share for its common stockholders of record on May 31, 2019, payable on June 14, 2019.

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ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. See also “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” preceding Part I of this report, as well as our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 .

Overview

We primarily engage in the acquisition, ownership, management, and disposition of timberland properties located in the United States. We generate recurring income and cash flow from the harvest and sale of timber, as well as from non-timber related revenue sources, such as asset management fees and rent from hunting and recreational leases. When and where we believe appropriate, we also generate income and cash flow from timberland sales. In addition to current income, we expect to realize long-term returns from the biological growth of our standing timber inventory.

 

We strive to deliver superior, consistent, predictable per-share cash flow growth from disciplined acquisitions, active management, sustainable harvest, and well-timed real estate sales. We intend to grow over time through selective acquisitions and investments in high-demand fiber markets and to efficiently integrate new acquisitions and investments into our operations. Operationally, we focus on generating cash flows from sustainable harvests and improved harvest mix on high-quality timberlands, as well as opportunistic land sales and asset management fees to provide recurring dividends to our stockholders. We continue to practice intensive forest management and silvicultural techniques that increase the biological growth of our forests.

We also seek to create additional value by entering into joint ventures with long-term, institutional equity partners to opportunistically acquire, own, and manage timberland properties that fit our core investment strategy. In April 2017, we entered into our first joint venture, the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture. In July 2018, we entered into the Triple T Joint Venture with a consortium of institutional investors. Our joint venture platform drives growth through a fee-based management business that leverages our scale and timberland management efficiencies.

Timberland Portfolio

As of March 31, 2019 , we wholly owned interests in approximately 458,700 acres of high-quality industrial timberland in the U.S. South and Pacific Northwest, consisting of approximately 432,000 acres of fee timberlands and approximately 26,700 acres of leased timberlands. Our wholly-owned timberlands are located within attractive fiber baskets encompassing a diverse group of pulp, paper and wood products manufacturing facilities. Our Southern timberlands consisted of approximately 72% pine plantations by acreage and 50% sawtimber by volume. Our Pacific Northwest timberlands consisted of 90% productive acres and 83% sawtimber by volume. Our leased timberlands include approximately 26,700 acres under one long-term lease expiring in 2022, which we refer to as the long-term contract or the LTC lease. Wholly-owned timberland acreage by state is listed below:

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Acres by state as of March 31, 2019 (1)		Fee			Lease			Total
South
Alabama		72,400			1,800			74,200
Florida		2,000			—			2,000
Georgia		261,300			24,900			286,200
North Carolina		200			—			200
South Carolina		77,700			—			77,700
Tennessee		300			—			300
		413,900			26,700			440,600
Pacific Northwest
Oregon		18,100			—			18,100
Total		432,000			26,700			458,700

⁽¹⁾ Represents wholly-owned acreage only; excludes ownership interest in acreage acquired by joint ventures .

As of March 31, 2019 , our wholly-owned timber inventory consisted of an estimated 19.2 million tons of merchantable inventory with the following components:

(in millions)		Tons
Merchantable timber inventory: (1)		Fee		Lease		Total
Pulpwood		8.9		0.5		9.4
Sawtimber (2)		9.4		0.4		9.8
Total		18.3		0.9		19.2

(1)	Merchantable timber inventory does not include current year growth. Pacific Northwest merchantable timber inventory is converted from MBF to tons using a factor of eight.

(2)	Includes chip-n-saw and sawtimber.

In addition to our wholly-owned timberlands, we had the following investments in joint ventures as of March 31, 2019 (see Note 4 — Unconsolidated Joint Ventures to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further details):

	As of March 31, 2019
	Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture		Triple T Joint Venture
Ownership percentage	50.0%		21.6% (1)
Acreage owned by the joint venture	4,400		1,099,500
Merchantable timber inventory (million tons)	0.3 (3)		42.1 (2)
Location	Georgia		Texas

(1)	Represents our share of total partner capital contributions.

(2)	The Triple T Joint Venture considers inventory to be merchantable at age 12. Merchantable timber inventory does not include current year growth.

(3)	Merchantable timber inventory does not include current year growth.

Segment Information

We have three reportable segments: Harvest, Real Estate and Investment Management. Our Harvest segment includes wholly-owned timber assets and associated timber sales, other revenues and related expenses. Our Real Estate segment includes timberland sales, cost of timberland sales and large dispositions. Our Investment Management segment includes investments in and income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures and asset management fee revenues earned for the management of these joint ventures. General and administrative expenses, along with other expense and income items, are not allocated among segments. For additional information, see Note 9 - Segment Information to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Timber Agreements

A significant portion of our timber sales is derived from the Mahrt Timber Agreements under which we sell specified amounts of timber to WestRock subject to market pricing adjustments. For full year 2019, WestRock is required to purchase a minimum of 374,800 tons of timber under the Mahrt Timber Agreements. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , WestRock purchased approximately 91,800 tons under the Mahrt Timber Agreements, which contributed approximately 12% of our net timber sales revenue. WestRock has historically purchased tonnage that exceeded the minimum requirement under the Mahrt Timber Agreements. See Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the material terms of the Mahrt Timber Agreements.

We assumed a pulpwood supply agreement with IP (the "Carolinas Supply Agreement") in connection with a timberland acquisition in 2016. For full year 2019, IP is required to purchase a minimum of 99,000 tons of pulpwood under the Carolinas Supply Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we sold approximately 35,400 tons under the Carolinas Supply Agreement, which contributed approximately 6% of our net timber sales revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Cash flows generated from our operations are primarily used to fund recurring expenditures and distributions to our stockholders. The amount of distributions to common stockholders is determined by our board of directors and is dependent upon a number of factors, including funds deemed available for distribution based principally on our current and future projected operating cash flows, less capital requirements necessary to maintain our existing timberland portfolio. In determining the amount of distributions to common stockholders, we also consider our financial condition, our expectations of future sources of liquidity, current and future economic conditions, market demand for timber and timberlands, and tax considerations, including the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our status as a REIT under the Code.

In determining how to allocate cash resources in the future, we will initially consider the source of the cash. We anticipate using a portion of cash generated from operations, after payments of periodic operating expenses and interest expense, to fund certain capital expenditures required for our timberlands. Any remaining cash generated from operations may be used to partially fund timberland acquisitions and pay distributions to stockholders. Therefore, to the extent that cash flows from operations are lower, timberland acquisitions and stockholder distributions are anticipated to be lower as well. Capital expenditures, including new timberland acquisitions, are generally funded with cash flow from operations or existing debt availability; however, proceeds from future debt financings, and equity and debt offerings may be used to fund capital expenditures, acquire new timberland properties, invest in joint ventures, and pay down existing and future borrowings. From time to time, we may also sell certain large timberland properties in order to generate capital to fund capital allocation priorities, including but not limited to redeployment into more desirable timberland investments, pay down of outstanding debt or repurchase of shares of our common stock. Such large dispositions are typically larger in size and more infrequent than sales under our normal land sales program.

Shelf Registration Statement and Equity Offerings

On June 2, 2017, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which was declared effective by the SEC on June 16, 2017 (the "Shelf Registration Statement"). The Shelf Registration Statement provides us with future flexibility to offer, from time to time and in one or more offerings, up to $600 million in an undefined combination of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, or warrants. The terms of any such future offerings would be established at the time of an offering.

2018 Amended Credit Agreement

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We are party to a credit agreement dated as of December 1, 2017, as amended on August 22, 2018 (the "2018 Amended Credit Agreement") with a syndicate of lenders, including CoBank. The 2018 Amended Credit Agreement provides for borrowings consisting of the following:

•	a $35.0 million five -year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”);

•	a $200.0 million seven -year multi-draw term credit facility (the “Multi-Draw Term Facility”);

•	a $100.0 million ten -year term loan (the “Term Loan A-1”);

•	a $100.0 million nine -year term loan (the “Term Loan A-2”);

•	a $68.6 million ten -year term loan (the “Term Loan A-3”); and

•	a $140.0 million seven -year term loan (the "Term Loan A-4").

 

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used for general working capital, to support letters of credit, to fund cash earnest money deposits, to fund acquisitions in an amount not to exceed $5.0 million, and for other general corporate purposes. The Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at an adjustable rate equal to a base rate plus between 0.50% and 1.20% or a LIBOR rate plus between 1.50% and 2.20% , in each case depending on our LTV Ratio, and will terminate with all amounts outstanding under the facility due and payable on December 1, 2022.

The Multi-Draw Term Facility may be used to finance timberland acquisitions and associated expenses, to fund investment in joint ventures, and to reimburse payments of drafts under letters of credit. The Multi-Draw Term Facility, which is interest only until its maturity date, bears interest at an adjustable rate equal to a base rate plus between 0.50% and 1.20% or a LIBOR rate plus between 1.50% and 2.20% , in each case depending on our LTV Ratio, and will terminate and all amounts outstanding under the facility will be due and payable on December 1, 2024.

The table below presents the details of each credit facility under the 2018 Amended Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2019:

(dollars in thousands)
Facility Name		Maturity Date		Interest Rate (1)		Unused Commitment Fee		Total Availability				Outstanding Balance				Remaining Availability
Revolving Credit Facility		12/1/2022		LIBOR + 2.20%		0.35%		$	35,000			$	—			$	35,000
Multi-Draw Term Facility		12/1/2024		LIBOR + 2.20%		0.35%		200,000				70,000				130,000
Term Loan A-1		12/23/2024		LIBOR + 1.75%		N/A		100,000				100,000				—
Term Loan A-2		12/1/2026		LIBOR + 1.90%		N/A		100,000				100,000				—
Term Loan A-3		12/1/2027		LIBOR + 2.00%		N/A		68,619				68,619				—
Term Loan A-4		8/22/2025		LIBOR + 1.70%		N/A		140,000				140,000				$	—
Total								$	643,619			$	478,619			$	165,000

⁽¹⁾ The applicable LIBOR margin on the Revolving Credit Facility and the Multi-Draw Term Facility ranges from a base rate plus between 0.50% to 1.20% or a LIBOR rate plus 1.50% to 2.20%, depending on the LTV ratio. The unused commitment fee rates also depend on the LTV ratio.

Patronage Refunds

We are eligible to receive annual patronage refunds from our lenders under the 2018 Amended Credit Agreement. The annual patronage refund depends on the weighted-average debt balance with each participating lender, as calculated by CoBank, for the respective fiscal year under the eligible patronage loans, as well as the financial performance of the Patronage Banks. In March 2019 , we received a patronage refund of $3.3 million on our borrowings under the eligible patronage loans that were outstanding during 2018. Of the total amount received, 75% was received in cash and 25% was received in equity in Patronage Banks. The equity component of the patronage refund is redeemable for cash only at the discretion of the Patronage Banks' board of directors. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we have accrued $1.0 million of patronage refunds receivable for 2019, approximately 75% of which is expected to be received in cash in March 2020.

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Interest Rate Swaps

As of March 31, 2019 , we had ten outstanding interest rate swaps. Our interest rate swaps effectively fixed the interest rate on $350.0 million of our $478.6 million variable rate debt at 4.26% . See Note 6 — Interest Rate Swaps to our accompanying financial statements for further details on our interest rate swaps.

Debt Covenants

The 2018 Amended Credit Agreement contains, among others, the following financial covenants which:

•	limit the LTV ratio to (i) 50% at any time prior to the last day of fiscal quarter corresponding to December 1, 2021, and (ii) 45% at any time thereafter;

•	require maintenance of a FCCR of not less than 1.05:1.00;

•	require maintenance of a minimum liquidity balance of no less than $25.0 million at any time; and

•	limit the aggregate capital expenditures to 1% of the value of the timberlands during any fiscal year.

We were in compliance with the financial covenants of the 2018 Amended Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2019 .

Share Repurchase Program

On August 7, 2015, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $30.0 million of our common stock at management's discretion (the "SRP"). The program has no set duration and the board may discontinue or suspend the program at any time. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we repurchased 136,178 shares of our common stock at an average price of $7.34 per share for a total of approximately $1.0 million under the SRP.

All common stock purchases under the SRP were made in open-market transactions and were funded with cash on-hand. As of March 31, 2019, we had 49.1 million shares of common stock outstanding and may repurchase up to an additional $17.7 million under the SRP. We can borrow up to $30.0 million under the Multi-Draw Term Facility to repurchase our common stock. Management believes that opportunistic repurchases of our common stock are a prudent use of capital resources.

Short-Term Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $5.2 million , a $5.7 million decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Cash provided by operating activities consisted primarily of receipts from customers for timber and timberland sales, asset management fees, and distributions from the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture, reduced by payments for operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest expense. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.0 million decrease in net timberland sales, a $2.0 million decrease in operating distributions from the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture, a $2.0 million increase in cash paid for interest on variable rate debt net of cash received on the interest rate swaps, a $0.9 million decrease in net timber sales, a $1.6 million decrease in working capital, offset by a $2.8 million increase in asset management fees earned from the Triple T Joint Venture.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.5 million , which was $3.4 million less than the three months ended March 31, 2018 . We did not make any direct acquisitions in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to incurring $2.3 million in pursuit of timberland investments, specifically the Triple T Joint Venture, during the prior year quarter. We incurred $0.3 million less in capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2019 than in the same period of 2018 due to the timing of the reforestation expenditures.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $8.0 million as compared to $6.8 million in the same period of 2018. We paid cash distributions of $6.6 million to our stockholders during the three

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months ended March 31, 2019, funded from net cash provided by operating activities and cash on-hand. We repurchased $1.0 million in shares of our common stock under the SRP using cash on-hand.

We believe that we have access to adequate liquidity and capital resources, including cash flow generated from operations, cash on-hand and borrowing capacity, necessary to meet our current and future obligations that become due over the next 12 months. As of March 31, 2019 , we had a cash balance of $2.4 million and had access to $165.0 million of additional borrowing capacity under the 2018 Amended Credit Agreement.

Long-Term Liquidity and Capital Resources

Over the long-term, we expect our primary sources of capital to include net cash flows from operations, including proceeds from timber sales, timberland sales, asset management fees, distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures, proceeds from secured or unsecured financings from banks and other lenders, and public offerings of equity or debt securities. Our principal demands for capital include operating expenses, interest expense on outstanding indebtedness, repayment of debt, timberland acquisitions, certain other capital expenditures, and stockholder distributions.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2019 had not changed materially since December 31, 2018.

Distributions

Our board of directors declares cash distributions quarterly. The amount of future distributions that we may pay to our common stockholders will be determined by our board of directors. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , our board of directors declared the following distributions:

Declaration Date		Record Date		Payment Date		Distribution Per Share
February 14, 2019		February 28, 2019		March 15, 2019		$0.135

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we paid total distributions to stockholders of $6.6 million , which was funded from net cash provided by operating activities and cash on-hand.

On May 2, 2019, our board of directors declared a cash distribution of $0.135 per share of common stock for stockholders of record on May 31, 2019, payable on June 14, 2019.

Results of Operations

Overview

Our results of operations are materially impacted by the fluctuating nature of timber prices, changes in the levels and mix of our harvest volumes and associated depletion expense, changes to associated depletion rates, the level of timberland sales, management fees earned, varying interest expense based on the amount and cost of outstanding borrowings, and performance of our unconsolidated joint ventures.

Timber sales volumes, net timber sales prices, timberland sales, and changes in the levels and composition for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown in the following table:

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	Three Months Ended March 31,								Change
	2019				2018				%
Timber sales volume (tons) (1)
Pulpwood	294,525				353,697				(17	)%
Sawtimber (2)	187,533				221,088				(15	)%
	482,058				574,785				(16	)%
Harvest Mix (1)
Pulpwood	61		%		62		%
Sawtimber (2)	39		%		38		%
Delivered % as of total volume	79		%		83		%
Stumpage % as of total volume	21		%		17		%
Net timber sales price (per ton)  (1) (3)
Pulpwood	$	15			$	14			5	%
Sawtimber (2)	$	24			$	23			6	%
Timberland sales
Gross sales (000's)	$	2,090			$	4,252			(51	)%
Sales volume (acres)	900				2,200				(59	)%
% of fee acres	0.2		%		0.5		%
Sales price (per acre)	$	2,236			$	1,955			14	%

(1)	Excludes approximately 4,800 tons harvested from the Bandon Property, which generated timber sales revenue of $0.5 million. The Bandon Property was acquired at the end of August 2018. Timber sales revenue from the Bandon Property for the three months ended March 31, 2019 accounted for less than 3% of our total timber sales revenue.

(2)	Includes chip-n-saw and sawtimber.

(3)	Prices per ton are rounded to the nearest dollar and shown on a stumpage basis (i.e., net of contract logging and hauling costs) and, as such, the sum of these prices multiplied by the tons sold does not equal timber sales in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 .

Our first quarter timber sales revenue wa s 11% lower than the same quarter of 2018 due to a 15% decrease in harvest volume, as planned, offset by a 5% improvement in weighted-average stumpage prices. The decrease in harvest volume was expected and factored into our 2019 harvest plan. As a result, we remain on track to meet our full-year harvest volume target of between 2.2 million and 2.4 million tons.

Harvest volume in the South decreased due to persistent extreme wet weather. Limited supply resulting from the wet weather contributed to better pricing for our products. In the South, our first quarter 2019 net sawtimber stumpage price and net pulpwood stumpage price were 6% and 5% higher, respectively, than the first quarter of 2018.

During the quarter, we generated approximately $0.5 million in timber sales revenue from the Pacific Northwest region. Over the remainder of the year, we anticipate the Bandon Property, which was acquired at the end of August 2018, to help drive increased total harvest volume and improve our sawtimber harvest mix.

We earned $2.8 million in asset management fees during the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily from the Triple T Joint Venture. Asset management fees are expected to contribute to year-over-year revenue growth in 2019.

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2019 versus the three months ended March 31, 2018

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Revenues. Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $22.6 million , $1.5 million lower than the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of a $2.2 million decrease in timberland sales revenue as we sold fewer acres and a $2.1 million decrease in timber sales revenue, offset by a $2.8 million increase in asset management fees primarily earned from the Triple T Joint Venture. Gross timber sales revenue decreased by $2.1 million , or 11% , due to a 15% decrease in harvest volume mitigated by a 5% increase in average per-ton gross timber sales revenue. The decrease in harvest volume was a result of wet weather and was anticipated in our 2019 harvest plan. The increase in per-ton gross timber sales revenue resulted from capturing higher sawtimber and pulpwood pricing resulting from wet weather. Gross timber sales revenue from delivered sales includes logging and hauling costs that customers pay for deliveries.

Timber sales revenue by product for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is shown in the following table:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018				Changes attributable to:								Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands)					Price/Mix				Volume (3)
Timber sales (1)
Pulpwood	$	10,376			$	562			$	(2,206	)		$	8,732
Sawtimber (2)	8,277				216				(674		)		7,819
	$	18,653			$	778			$	(2,880	)		$	16,551

(1)	Timber sales are presented on a gross basis. Gross timber sales revenue from delivered sales includes logging and hauling costs that customers pay for deliveries.

(2)	Includes chip-n-saw and sawtimber.

(3)	Changes in timber sales revenue related to properties acquired or disposed within the last 12 months are attributed to volume changes.

Operating Expenses. Contract logging and hauling costs decreased to $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 , a decrease of 14% , primarily as a result of a 18% decrease in delivered sales volume.

Depletion expense decreased 25% to $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 due to a 15% decrease in harvest volume and lower blended depletion rates. We calculate depletion rates annually by dividing the beginning merchantable inventory book value, after the write-off of accumulated depletion, by current standing timber inventory volume. Before the impact of any future acquisitions or significant land sales, the merchantable book value is expected to decrease over time due to depletion, while the standing timber inventory volume is expected to stay relatively stable due to our sustainable harvest management practices. Therefore, we generally expect depletion rates of our current portfolio to decrease over time.

Cost of timberland sales decreased to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as we sold fewer acres in 2019.

General and administrative expenses increased to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to a $0.3 million increase in personnel costs due to increased headcount for managing a growing business.

Other operating expenses increased to  $1.6 million  for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from  $1.4 million  for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to cost basis removed related to an expired timber lease.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $0.4 million to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to incurring $1.8 million more in interest in the current year quarter as a result of higher weighted-average debt outstanding, offset by a $1.4 million write-off of deferred financing costs in the first quarter of 2018. Our weighted-average debt outstanding was higher in the first quarter of 2019 as result of borrowing $200.0 million in July 2018 to fund our investment in the Triple T Joint Venture.

 

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Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures . During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we recognized a $27.5 million loss from the investment in the Triple T Joint Venture under the HLBV method of accounting. The HLBV method is commonly applied to equity investments in real estate where cash distributions vary at different points in time and are not directly linked to an investor's ownership percentage. See Note 4 — Unconsolidated Joint Ventures to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Net loss. Our net loss increased to $30.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily due to the $27.5 million loss from the Triple T Joint Venture. Our net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.62 and $0.08 , respectively.

Adjusted EBITDA

The discussion below is intended to enhance the reader’s understanding of our operating performance and ability to satisfy lender requirements. EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure of operating performance. EBITDA is defined by the SEC as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; however, we have excluded certain other expenses which we believe are not indicative of the ongoing operating results of our timberland portfolio, and we refer to this measure as Adjusted EBITDA (see the reconciliation table below). As such, our Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Due to the significant amount of timber assets subject to depletion, significant income (losses) from unconsolidated joint ventures based on HLBV, and the significant amount of financing subject to interest and amortization expense, management considers Adjusted EBITDA to be an important measure of our financial performance. By providing this non-GAAP financial measure, together with the reconciliation below, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our ongoing results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. Items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of operating performance that does not represent and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or substitute for net income, cash flow from operations, or other financial statement data presented in accordance with GAAP in our consolidated financial statements as indicators of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of the limitations are:

•	Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our capital expenditures, or our future requirements for capital expenditures;

•	Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or our interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to

service interest or principal payments on, our debt;

•	Although depletion is a non-cash charge, we will incur expenses to replace the timber being depleted in the

future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect all cash requirements for such expenses; and

•	Although HLBV income and losses are primarily hypothetical and non-cash in nature, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash income or losses from unconsolidated joint ventures for which we use the HLBV method of accounting to determine our equity in earnings.

Due to these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. Our credit agreement contains a minimum debt service coverage ratio based, in part, on Adjusted EBITDA since this measure is representative of adjusted income available for interest payments. We further believe that our presentation of this non-GAAP financial measurement provides information that is useful to analysts and investors because they are important indicators of the strength of our operations and the performance of our business.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , Adjusted EBITDA was $10.2 million , a $4.7 million decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily due to a $4.5 million decrease in Adjusted EBITDA generated by the Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture, a $2.0 million decrease in net timberland sales, a $0.9 million decrease in net timber sales, offset by a $2.8 million increase in asset management fees.

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Our reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 follows:

	Three Months Ended
(in thousands)	March 31, 2019				March 31, 2018
Net loss	$	(30,395	)		$	(3,385	)
Add:
Depletion	5,268				7,062
Basis of timberland sold, lease terminations and other (1)	1,807				2,856
Amortization (2)	458				1,725
Depletion, amortization, basis of timberland, mitigation credits sold included in loss from unconsolidated joint venture (3)	395				3,256
HLBV loss from unconsolidated joint venture (4)	27,488				—
Stock-based compensation expense	659				765
Interest expense (2)	4,372				2,581
Other (5)	110				35
Adjusted EBITDA	$	10,162			$	14,895

(1)	Includes non-cash basis of timber and timberland assets written-off related to timberland sold, terminations of timberland leases and casualty losses.

(2)	For the purpose of the above reconciliation, amortization includes amortization of deferred financing costs, amortization of intangible lease assets, and amortization of mainline road costs, which are included in either interest expense, land rent expense, or other operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

(3)	Reflects our share of depletion, amortization, and basis of timberland and mitigation credits sold of the unconsolidated Dawsonville Bluffs Joint Venture.

(4)	Reflects HLBV losses from the Triple T Joint Venture, which is determined based on a hypothetical liquidation of the underlying joint venture at book value as of the reporting date.

(5)	Includes certain cash expenses paid, or reimbursement received, that management believes do not directly reflect the core business operations of our timberland portfolio on an on-going basis, including costs required to be expensed by GAAP related to acquisitions, transactions, joint ventures or new business initiatives.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a result of our debt facilities, we are exposed to interest rate changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we have entered into ten interest rate swaps, and may enter into other interest rate swaps, caps, or other arrangements in order to mitigate our interest rate risk on a related financial instrument. We do not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes; however, certain of our derivatives may not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. All of our debt was entered into for other than trading purposes. We manage our ratio of fixed-to-floating-rate debt with the objective of achieving a mix that we believe is appropriate in light of anticipated changes in interest rates. We closely monitor interest rates and will continue to consider the sources and terms of our borrowing facilities to determine whether we have appropriately guarded ourselves against the risk of increasing interest rates in future periods.

As of  March 31, 2019 , the outstanding balance under the 2018 Amended Credit Agreement was $478.6 million , of which $100.0 million was outstanding under the Term Loan A-1,  $100.0 million  was outstanding under the Term Loan A-2, $68.6 million was outstanding under the Term Loan A-3, $140.0 million was outstanding under the Term Loan A-4, and $70.0 million was outstanding under the Multi-Draw Term Facility. The Term Loan A-1 matures on December 23, 2024 and bears interest at an adjustable rate based on one-month LIBOR Rate plus a margin of 1.75%, the Term Loan A-2 matures on December 1, 2026 and bears interest at an adjustable rate based on one-month LIBOR Rate plus a margin of 1.90%, the Term Loan A-3 matures on December 1, 2027 and bears interest at an adjustable rate based on one-month LIBOR Rate plus a margin of 2.0%, the Term Loan A-4 matures on August 22, 2025 and bears interest at an adjustable rate based on one-month LIBOR Rate plus a margin of 1.70%, and the Multi-Draw Term Facility matures on December 1, 2024 and bears interest at an adjustable rate equal to a base rate plus between 0.50% and 1.20% or a LIBOR rate plus between 1.50% and 2.20%, in each case depending on our LTV Ratio.

As of March 31, 2019 , we had ten outstanding interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $350.0 million. See Note 6— Interest Rate Swaps of our accompanying financial statements for further details on our interest rate swaps. After consideration of the interest rate swaps, $128.6 million of our total debt outstanding is subject to variable interest rates while the remaining $350.0 million is subject to effectively fixed interest rates. A change in the market interest rate impacts the net financial instrument position of our effectively fixed-rate debt portfolio; however, it has no impact on interest incurred or cash flows.

Details of our variable-rate and effectively fixed-rate debt outstanding as of March 31, 2019 , along with the corresponding average interest rates, are listed below:

		Expected Maturity Date
(dollars in thousands)		2019				2020				2021				2022				2023				Thereafter				Total
Maturing debt:
Variable-rate debt		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	128,619			$	128,619
Effectively fixed-rate debt		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	350,000			$	350,000
Average interest rate:
Variable-rate debt		—		%		—		%		—		%		—		%		—		%		4.50		%		4.50		%
Effectively fixed-rate debt		—		%		—		%		—		%		—		%		—		%		4.26		%		4.26		%

As of March 31, 2019 , the weighted-average interest rate of our outstanding debt, after consideration of the interest rate swaps, was 4.32% . A 1.0% change in interest rates would result in a change in interest expense of approximately $1.3 million per year. The amount of variable-rate debt outstanding in the future will largely dependent upon the level of cash from operations and the rate at which we are able to deploy such proceeds toward repayment of outstanding debt, the acquisition of timberland properties, and investments in joint ventures.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

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Management’s Conclusions Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report in providing a reasonable level of assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods in SEC rules and forms, including providing a reasonable level of assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by governmental authorities.

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding our purchases of our common stock during the quarter ended  March 31, 2019 :

Period		Total Number of Shares Repurchased (2)			Average Price Paid per Share (2)				Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs  (1)			Average Price Paid per Share  (1)				Maximum Number (Or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs  (1)
January 1 - January 31		146,695			$	7.42			136,178			$	7.34			$	17.7		million
February 1 - February 28		28,722			$	9.83			—			$	—			$	17.7		million
March 1 - March 31		—			—				—			$	—			$	17.7		million
Total		175,417							136,178

(1)	See Item 2— Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital

Resources for details of our SRP .

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(2)	Represents shares purchased for tax withholding purposes and shares purchased as part of our SRP.

ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

The exhibits required to be filed with this report are set forth below and incorporated by reference herein.

Exhibit Number		Description
3.1		Sixth Articles of Amendment and Restatement of CatchMark Timber Trust, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 filed on August 9, 2013)
3.2		First Articles of Amendment to the Sixth Articles of Amendment and Restatement of CatchMark Timber Trust, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-191322) filed on September 23, 2013
3.3		Articles of Amendment of CatchMark Timber Trust, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 25, 2013 (the “October 25 Form 8-K”))
3.4		Articles of Amendment of CatchMark Timber Trust, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the October 25 Form 8-K)
3.5		Articles Supplementary (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the October 25 Form 8-K)
3.6		Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-191916) filed on October 25, 2013)
31.1*		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of the Company, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 and 15d-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of the Company, pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer of the Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		CATCHMARK TIMBER TRUST, INC. (Registrant)
Date:	May 2, 2019	By:		/s/ Brian M. Davis
				Brian M. Davis President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

 

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