PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We operate in one reportable segment engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil, natural gas and NGL resources. Our assets are characterized by concentrated acreage positions in Southeast Texas with multiple producing stratigraphic horizons, or stacked pay zones, and attractive single-well rates of return. We primarily operate in Burleson, Lee and Washington Counties where we primarily target the Eagle Ford Shale and the Austin Chalk Trend.
Recent Developments
Merger with Chesapeake Energy Corporation
In February 2019, we were acquired by Chesapeake for approximately 717.3 million shares of Chesapeake common stock and $381.1 million in cash. Immediately following the completion of the acquisition, WildHorse Development merged with and into Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake. Following the completion of the Merger on February 1, 2019, Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., as successor to WildHorse Development, was a wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake.
Amendments to Credit Agreement
On February 1, 2019, the Company, each of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and the lenders party thereto entered into a Sixth Amendment (the “Sixth Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement dated as of December 19, 2016, among the Company, the Administrative Agent and the other agents and lenders party thereto (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). Among other things, the Sixth Amendment (i) amended the merger covenant and the definition of change of control to permit the Merger and (ii) permits borrowings under the Credit Agreement to be used to redeem or repurchase the $700 million aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due 2025 issued by WildHorse (the “2025 Senior Notes”) so long as certain conditions are met.
On October 15, 2018, the Company, each of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), the Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto entered into a Fifth Amendment (the “Fifth Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Fifth Amendment, among other things, modified the Credit Agreement to increase the borrowing base from $1.05 billion to $1.30 billion.
On March 23, 2018, the Company, each of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), the Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto entered into a Fourth Amendment (the “Fourth Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Fourth Amendment, among other things, modified the Credit Agreement to increase the borrowing base from $875.0 million to $1.05 billion.
WildHorse Senior Notes
As a result of the completion of the Merger, Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C. assumed the obligations under the 2025 Senior Notes and Brazos Valley Longhorn Finance Corp. (“BVL Finance Corp.”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C. became a co-issuer of the 2025 Senior Notes.
The 2025 Senior Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., BVL Finance Corp. and the other BVL Guarantors. The 2025 Senior Notes will not be obligations of Chesapeake or any of its subsidiaries other than Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., BVL Finance Corp. and the other BVL Guarantors. The 2025 Senior Notes will rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., BVL Finance Corp. and the other BVL Guarantors, and will be effectively subordinated to Brazos Valley Longhorn L.L.C.’s, BVL Finance Corp.’s and the other BVL Guarantors’ senior secured indebtedness, including their obligations
under WildHorse Development’s revolving credit facility, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness.
April 2018 Issuance of Additional 2025 Senior Notes
On April 20, 2018, we completed a private placement of an additional $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2025 Senior Notes (the “April Notes”). The April Notes are treated as a single class of debt securities with the other outstanding 2025 Senior Notes. The April Notes were issued at a price of 102% of par. This issuance resulted in net proceeds of approximately $201.0 million, after deducting the initial purchaser’s discount and commissions and estimated offering expenses and excluding accrued interest. We used the net proceeds to repay borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility and for general corporate purposes. On September 24, 2018, all of the then-outstanding 2025 Senior Notes, including the April Notes, were exchanged for an equal principal amount of registered 6.875% senior notes due 2025 pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-4.
North Louisiana Divestiture
On February 12, 2018, WHR II entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Tanos for the sale of all of our producing and non-producing oil and natural gas properties, including Oakfield, primarily located in Webster, Claiborne, Lincoln, Jackson and Ouachita Parishes, Louisiana (“NLA Assets”). On March 29, 2018, we completed the sale of the NLA Assets for a preliminary sales price of approximately $206.4 million. Including final purchase price adjustments of $4.8 million, the final sales price of $211.2 million has been fully collected at December 31, 2018. The Company has paid $3.8 million in expenses related to the divestiture and has received $0.4 million in contingent payments from Tanos.
In addition, we may receive contingent payments of up to $35.0 million based on the number of wells spud on such properties over the next three years. We have made an accounting policy election to record the contingent consideration when it is deemed to be realizable. In October 2018, we received contingent payments of $0.4 million from Tanos.
Our NLA Assets were deemed to meet held-for-sale accounting criteria as of February 12, 2018, at which point we ceased recording depletion and depreciation. Based on the Company’s sale proceeds after preliminary customary purchase price adjustments, we recorded an impairment charge of $214.3 million during the first quarter of 2018 to adjust the carrying amount of the disposal group to its estimated fair value less costs to sell.
See “Note 3—Acquisitions and Divestitures” of the Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report for additional information.
Development of In-field Sand Mine
On February 12, 2018, we announced that Burleson Sand LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, had previously acquired surface and sand rights on approximately 727 acres in Burleson County, Texas to construct and operate an in-field sand mine. Total capital expenditure for 2018 for the development of the sand mine was approximately $66.1 million. The sand mine commenced operations in February 2019.
Our Properties
Eagle Ford Acreage
We currently target a portion of the Eagle Ford Shale at depths between 6,000 feet and 13,000 feet primarily in Burleson, Lee, Brazos and Washington Counties, Texas.
We have completed multiple bolt-on acquisitions and in-fill leases to build our current position in the Eagle Ford Shale and have identified a substantial inventory of drilling locations across Burleson, Brazos, Lee, Robertson and Washington Counties.
As of December 31, 2018, our Eagle Ford Acreage included approximately 419,293 net acres.
Reserve Data
Preparation of Reserve Estimates
Our reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018 included in this Annual Report are based on evaluations prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. (“CG&A”), a third-party engineering firm in accordance with Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers and definitions and guidelines established by the SEC.
Proved reserves are reserves which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time. If deterministic methods are used, the term “reasonable certainty” implies a high degree of confidence that the quantities of oil or natural gas actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should at least be a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. The technical and economic data used in the estimation of our proved reserves include, but are not limited to, well logs, geologic maps, well-test data, production data (including flow rates), well data (including lateral lengths), historical price and cost information, and property ownership interests. Reserve engineers use this technical data, together with standard engineering and geoscience methods, or a combination of methods, including performance analysis, volumetric analysis, and analogy. The proved developed reserves and EURs per well are estimated using performance analysis and volumetric analysis. The estimates of the proved developed reserves and EURs for each developed well are used to estimate the proved undeveloped reserves for each proved undeveloped location (utilizing type curves, statistical analysis, and analogy).
Internal Controls
We maintain adequate and effective internal controls over the reserve estimation process as well as the underlying data upon which reserve estimates are based. Our internal staff of petroleum engineers and geoscience professionals work closely with CG&A reserve engineers to ensure the integrity, accuracy and timeliness of data furnished to CG&A. Periodically, our technical team meets with CG&A reserve engineers to review properties and discuss methods and assumptions used to prepare reserve estimates.
Reserve engineering is and must be recognized as a subjective process of estimating volumes of economically recoverable oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation. As a result, the estimates of different engineers often vary. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production may justify revisions of such estimates. Accordingly, reserve estimates often differ from the quantities of oil, natural gas and NGLs that are ultimately recovered. Estimates of economically recoverable oil, natural gas and NGLs and of future net revenues are based on a number of variables and assumptions, all of which may vary from actual results, including geologic interpretation, prices and future production rates and costs. Please read “Item 1A. Risk Factors” appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, our reserve estimates and related reports were prepared by CG&A and reviewed by our Corporate Reserves Department and approved by our Director – Corporate Reserves who is the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of our reserve estimates and for coordinating any reserves work conducted by third-party engineering firms. Her qualifications include the following:
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Over 15 years of practical experience in the oil and gas industry, with 12 years in reservoir engineering;
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Bachelor of Science degree in Geology and Environmental Sciences;
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Master’s Degree in Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering;
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Executive Master of Business Administration; and
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Member in good standing of the Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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CG&A was founded in 1961 and performs petroleum engineering services under Texas Board of Professional Engineers Registration No. F-693. Within CG&A, the technical person primarily responsible for preparing the estimates shown herein, was Todd Brooker. Mr. Brooker has been an employee of CG&A since 1992. His responsibilities include reserve and economic evaluations, fair market valuations, field studies, pipeline resource studies and acquisition/divestiture analysis. His reserve reports are routinely used for public company SEC disclosures. His experience includes significant projects in both conventional and unconventional resources in North America and worldwide, including oil and gas shale plays. Mr. Brooker graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering, and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas. He is also a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers and the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers.
Estimated Proved Reserves
The following table presents the estimated net proved oil and natural gas reserves as of December 31, 2018, based on our audited reserve report.
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Oil
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Natural Gas
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NGLs
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Total
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(MBbls)
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(MMcf)
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(MBbls)
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(MBoe)
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Estimated Proved Reserves
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Total Proved Developed
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66,398
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88,936
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14,135
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95,356
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Total Proved Undeveloped
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218,868
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289,237
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43,620
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310,694
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Total Proved Reserves
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285,266
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378,173
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57,755
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406,050
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Development of Proved Undeveloped Reserves
As of December 31, 2018, we had 310.7 MMBoe of proved undeveloped reserves consisting of 218.9 MMBbls of oil, 289.2 Bcf of natural gas and 43.6 MMBbls of NGLs, compared to 339.8 MMBoe of proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2017, consisting of 217.8 MMbbls of oil, 462.3 Bcf of natural gas and 45.0 MMBbls of NGLs. None of our PUDs as of December 31, 2018 are scheduled to be developed on a date more than five years from the date the reserves were initially booked to PUDs. PUDs will be converted from undeveloped to developed as the applicable wells begin production.
Our PUDs changed during 2018 as a result of:
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downward performance and price revisions of
69.1
MMBoe;
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acquisitions of 0.5 MMBoe;
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divestures of 40.0 MMBoe;
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reserve additions of
86.8
MMBoe; and
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transfers to proved developed producing of
7.3
MMBoe
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We estimate that we incurred $80.9 million to convert proved undeveloped reserves from 13 locations into proved developed reserves in 2018.
Production, Revenue and Price History
The following tables summarize our average net production, average unhedged sales prices by product and average production costs by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:
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Year Ended December 31, 2018
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Oil
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Natural Gas
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NGLs
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Total
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Average
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Average
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Average
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Average
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Lease
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Operating
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Expense
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(MBbls)
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($/Bbl)
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(MMcf)
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($/Mcf)
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(MBbls)
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($/Bbl)
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(MBoe)
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($/MBoe)
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($/MBoe)
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Eagle Ford Shale
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12,559
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$
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67.02
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15,117
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$
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2.57
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2,132
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$
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19.53
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17,210
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$
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53.58
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$
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3.38
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North Louisiana
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26
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$
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61.93
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6,414
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$
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3.31
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11
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$
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30.84
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1,106
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$
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20.97
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$
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3.13
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Total
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12,585
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21,531
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2,143
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18,316
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$
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3.36
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Average net production (MBoe/d)
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50.2
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Year Ended December 31, 2017
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Oil
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Natural Gas
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NGLs
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Total
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Average
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Average
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Average
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Average
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Lease
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Operating
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Expense
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(MBbls)
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($/Bbl)
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(MMcf)
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($/Mcf)
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(MBbls)
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($/Bbl)
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(MBoe)
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($/MBoe)
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($/MBoe)
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Eagle Ford Shale
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6,541
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$
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51.94
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5,275
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$
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2.60
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1,158
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$
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18.93
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8,578
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$
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43.76
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$
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3.70
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North Louisiana
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65
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$
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48.05
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15,188
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$
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3.04
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48
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$
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21.74
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2,644
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$
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19.05
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$
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3.03
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Total
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6,606
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20,463
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1,206
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11,222
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$
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3.54
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Average net production (MBoe/d)
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30.7
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Year Ended December 31, 2016
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Oil
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Natural Gas
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NGLs
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Total
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Average
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Average
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Average
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Average
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Lease
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Production
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Sales
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Operating
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Volumes
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Price
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Expense
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(MBbls)
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($/Bbl)
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(MMcf)
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($/Mcf)
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(MBbls)
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($/Bbl)
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(MBoe)
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($/MBoe)
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($/MBoe)
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Eagle Ford Shale
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1,765
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$
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41.21
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1,750
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$
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2.20
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404
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$
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11.74
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2,461
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$
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33.05
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$
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2.42
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North Louisiana
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83
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$
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38.70
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16,070
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$
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2.47
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67
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$
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15.54
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2,828
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$
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15.52
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$
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2.25
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Total
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1,848
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17,820
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471
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5,289
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$
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2.33
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Average net production (MBoe/d)
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14.5
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Reconciliation of PV‑10 to Standardized Measure
PV‑10 is a non-GAAP financial measure and differs from the Standardized Measure of discounted future net cash flows, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. PV‑10 is a computation of the Standardized Measure of discounted future net cash flows on a pre-tax basis. PV‑10 is equal to the Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at the applicable date, before deducting future income taxes, discounted at 10 percent. We believe that the presentation of PV‑10 is relevant and useful to investors because it presents the discounted future net cash flows attributable to our estimated net proved reserves prior to taking into account future corporate income taxes, and it is a useful measure for evaluating the relative monetary significance of our oil and natural gas properties. Further, investors may utilize the measure as a basis for comparison of the relative size and value of our reserves to other companies without regard to the specific tax characteristics of such entities. We use this measure when assessing the potential return on investment related to our oil and natural gas properties. PV‑10, however, is not a substitute for the Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Our PV‑10 measure and the Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows do not purport to represent the fair value of our oil and natural gas reserves.
The following table provides a reconciliation of PV‑10 of our proved reserves to the Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
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At December 31,
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2018
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2017
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2016
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(in thousands)
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PV-10
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$
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5,089,918
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$
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3,539,337
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$
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749,988
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Less: present value of future income taxes discounted at 10%
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(972,482)
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(695,432)
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(206,947)
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Standardized measure
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$
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4,117,436
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$
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2,843,905
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$
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543,041
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Productive Wells
Productive wells consist of producing wells and wells capable of production, including natural gas wells awaiting pipeline connections to commence deliveries and oil wells awaiting connection to production facilities. Gross wells are the total number of producing wells in which we own an interest, and net wells are the sum of our fractional working interests owned in gross wells. The following table sets forth information relating to the productive wells in which we owned a working interest as of December 31, 2018.
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Oil
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Natural Gas
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Average
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Average
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Gross
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Net
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Working
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Gross
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Net
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Working
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Wells
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Wells
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Interest
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Wells
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Wells
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Interest
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Eagle Ford Acreage
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Operated
|
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942.0
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901.7
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95.7%
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53.0
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48.0
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90.6%
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Non-operated
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212.0
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30.9
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14.6%
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30.0
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6.3
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21.0%
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Total
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1,154.0
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932.6
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80.8%
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83.0
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54.3
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65.4%
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Acreage
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the total developed and undeveloped acreage in which we owned an interest as of December 31, 2018.
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Developed Acres
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Undeveloped Acres
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Total Acres
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Region
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Gross
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Net
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Gross
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Net
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Gross
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Net
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Eagle Ford Acreage
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33,106
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28,066
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438,141
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297,605
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471,247
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325,671
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Approximately 74% of our net Eagle Ford Acreage was held by production at December 31, 2018.
Undeveloped Acreage Expirations
The following table sets forth the number of total net undeveloped acres as of December 31, 2018 across our Eagle Ford Acreage that will expire in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, unless production is established within the spacing units covering the acreage prior to the expiration dates or unless such leasehold rights are extended or renewed.
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Region
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2019
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2020
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2021
|
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2022
|
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2023
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Eagle Ford Acreage
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31,031
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27,616
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12,434
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552
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20
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We intend to extend substantially all of the net acreage associated with our drilling locations through a combination of development drilling and leasehold extension and renewal payments.
Drilling Activities
The following table summarizes our approximate gross and net interest in wells completed during the periods indicated (including both operated and non-operated wells), regardless of when drilling was initiated. The information should not be considered indicative of future performance, nor should it be assumed that there is necessarily any correlation
among the number of productive wells drilled, quantities of reserves found or economic value. A dry well is a well that proves to be incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion. A productive well is a well that is not a dry well. Completion refers to installation of permanent equipment for production of oil or gas, or, in the case of a dry well, to reporting to the appropriate authority that the well has been abandoned.
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Year Ended December 31,
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2018
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2017
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2016
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Gross
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Net
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Gross
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Net
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Gross
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Net
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Eagle Ford Acreage
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Development wells:
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Productive
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99.00
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94.16
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85.00
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83.99
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20.00
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16.06
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Dry
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Total development wells
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99.00
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94.16
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85.00
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83.99
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20.00
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16.06
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Exploratory wells:
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Productive
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Dry
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Total exploratory wells
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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—
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Total
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99.00
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94.16
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85.00
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83.99
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20.00
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16.06
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At December 31, 2018, 27.0 gross (25.9 net) wells (including wells temporarily suspended) were in the process of being drilled. We are currently running a four-rig program in our Eagle Ford Acreage, which we are utilizing on a well-to-well basis. We are not currently a party to any long-term drilling rig contracts. We plan to operate an average of four drilling rigs in the Eagle Ford Shale and Austin Chalk Trend in 2019.
Major Customers
The following table sets forth the percentage of our revenues attributed to our customers who have accounted for 10% or more of our revenues during 2018, 2017 and 2016.
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For the Year Ended December 31,
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Major Customers
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2018
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2017
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2016
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Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. and subsidiaries
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49
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%
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56
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%
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63
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%
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Koch Industries, Inc.
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19
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%
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4
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%
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n/a
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Royal Dutch Shell plc and subsidiaries
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18
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%
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21
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%
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12
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%
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Cima Energy LTD
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n/a
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n/a
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15
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%
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Based on the current demand for oil, natural gas and NGLs and the availability of other purchasers, we believe that the loss of any such purchaser would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Competition
We compete with both major integrated and other independent oil and natural gas companies in all aspects of our business to explore, develop and operate our properties and market our production. Some of our competitors may have larger financial and other resources than us. Competitive conditions may be affected by future legislation and regulations as the United States develops new energy and climate-related policies. In addition, some of our competitors may have a competitive advantage when responding to factors that affect demand for oil and natural gas production, such as changing prices, domestic and foreign political conditions, weather conditions, the price and availability of alternative fuels, the proximity and capacity of natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities and overall economic conditions. We also face indirect competition from alternative energy sources, including wind and solar power. We believe that our
technological expertise, combined with our exploration, land, drilling and production capabilities and the experience of our management team, enables us to compete effectively.
Seasonality of Business
Weather conditions can affect the demand for, and prices of, oil, natural gas and NGLs. Demand for natural gas is typically higher in the fourth and first quarters resulting in higher prices while the demand for oil is typically higher during the second and third quarters. Due to these seasonal fluctuations, results of operations for individual quarterly periods may not be indicative of the results that may be realized on an annual basis.
Title to Properties
We believe that we have satisfactory title to all of our material assets. Although title to these properties is subject to encumbrances in some cases, such as customary interests generally retained in connection with the acquisition of real property, customary royalty interests and contract terms and restrictions, liens under operating agreements, liens related to environmental liabilities associated with historical operations, liens for current taxes and other burdens, easements, restrictions and minor encumbrances customary in the oil and natural gas industry, we believe that none of these liens, restrictions, easements, burdens and encumbrances will materially detract from the value of these properties or from our interest in these properties or materially interfere with our use of these properties in the operation of our business. In addition, we believe that we have obtained sufficient rights-of-way grants and permits from public authorities and private parties for us to operate our business in all material respects as described in this Annual Report.
Public Policy and Government Regulation
All of our operations are conducted onshore in the United States. Our industry is subject to a wide range of regulations, laws, rules, taxes, fees and other policy implementation actions that have been pervasive and are under constant review for amendment or expansion. Numerous government agencies have issued extensive regulations which are binding on our industry, some of which carry substantial penalties for failure to comply. These laws and regulations increase the cost of doing business and consequently affect profitability. Additionally, currently unforeseen environmental incidents may occur or past non-compliance with environmental laws or regulations may be discovered. We actively monitor regulatory developments applicable to our industry in order to anticipate, design and implement required compliance activities and systems. The following are significant areas of government control and regulation affecting our operations.
Regulation of Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health Matters
Our operations are subject to federal, tribal, state, and local laws and regulations. These laws and regulations relate to matters that include, but are not limited to, the following:
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reporting of workplace injuries and illnesses;
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industrial hygiene monitoring;
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worker protection and workplace safety;
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approval or permits to drill and to conduct operations;
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provision of financial assurances (such as bonds) covering drilling and well operations;
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calculation and disbursement of royalty payments and production taxes;
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seismic operations and data;
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location, drilling, cementing and casing of wells;
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well design and construction of pad and equipment;
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construction and operations activities in sensitive areas, such as wetlands, coastal regions or areas that contain endangered or threatened species, their habitats, or sites of cultural significance;
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method of completing wells;
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well production and operations including processing and gathering systems;
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emergency response, contingency plans and spill prevention plans;
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air emissions and fluid discharges;
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use, transportation, storage and disposal of fluids and materials incidental to oil and gas operations;
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surface usage, maintenance, monitoring and the restoration of properties associated with well pads, pipelines, impoundments and access roads;
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plugging and abandoning of wells; and
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transportation of production.
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Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can lead to the imposition of remedial liabilities, fines, or criminal penalties or to injunctions limiting our operations in affected areas. Moreover, multiple environmental laws provide for citizen suits which allow environmental organizations to act in the place of the government and sue operators for alleged violations of environmental law. We consider the costs of environmental protection and of safety and health compliance to be necessary, manageable parts of our business. We have been able to plan for and comply with environmental, safety and health initiatives without materially altering our operating strategy or incurring significant unreimbursed expenditures. However, based on regulatory trends and increasingly stringent laws, our capital expenditures and operating expenses related to compliance with the protection of the environment, safety and health have increased over the years and may continue to increase. We cannot predict with any reasonable degree of certainty our future exposure concerning such matters.
Our operations are also subject to conservation regulations, including the regulation of the size of drilling and spacing units or proration units, the number of wells that may be drilled in a unit, the rate of production allowable from oil and gas wells, and the unitization or pooling of oil and gas properties. In the United States., some states allow the forced pooling or integration of tracts to facilitate exploration. Other states rely on voluntary pooling of lands and leases which may make it more difficult to develop oil and gas properties. In addition, federal and state conservation laws generally limit the venting or flaring of natural gas, and state conservation laws impose certain requirements regarding the ratable purchase of production. These regulations limit the amounts of oil and gas we can produce from our wells and the number of wells or the locations at which we can drill.
Regulatory proposals in some states and local communities have been initiated to require or make more stringent the permitting and compliance requirements for hydraulic fracturing operations. Federal and state agencies have continued to assess the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing, which could spur further action toward federal, state and/or local
legislation and regulation. Further restrictions of hydraulic fracturing could reduce the amount of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs) that we are ultimately able to produce in commercial quantities from our properties.
Certain of our U.S. natural gas and oil leases are granted or approved by the federal government and administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) of the Department of the Interior. Such leases require compliance with detailed federal regulations and orders that regulate, among other matters, drilling and operations on lands covered by these leases and calculation and disbursement of royalty payments to the federal government. The federal government has been particularly active in recent years in evaluating and, in some cases, promulgating new rules and regulations regarding competitive lease bidding, venting and flaring, oil and gas measurement and royalty payment obligations for production from federal lands. In addition, permitting activities on federal lands are subject to frequent delays.
Delays in obtaining permits or an inability to obtain new permits or permit renewals could inhibit our ability to execute our drilling and production plans. Failure to comply with applicable regulations or permit requirements could result in revocation of our permits, inability to obtain new permits and the imposition of fines and penalties.
Related Permits and Authorizations
Many environmental laws require us to obtain permits or other authorizations from state and/or federal agencies before initiating certain drilling, construction, production, operation or other oil and natural gas activities, and to maintain these permits and compliance with their requirements for on-going operations. These permits are generally subject to protest, appeal or litigation, which can in certain cases delay or halt projects and cease production or operation of wells, pipelines and other operations.
Related Insurance
We maintain insurance against some risks associated with above or underground contamination that may occur as a result of our development activities. However, this insurance is limited to activities at the well site and there can be no assurance that this insurance will continue to be commercially available or that this insurance will be available at premium levels that justify its purchase by us. The occurrence of a significant event that is not fully insured or indemnified against could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition and operations. Further, we have no coverage for gradual, long-term pollution events.
Employees
As of December 31, 2018, we had 197 full-time employees. We hire independent contractors on an as needed basis. We have no collective bargaining agreements with our employees. We believe that our employee relationships are satisfactory.
Legal Proceedings
We are party to lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business. We cannot predict the outcome of any such lawsuits with certainty, but management believes it is remote that pending or threatened legal matters will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
In January 2019, putative class action lawsuits in U.S. District Courts for the District of Delaware and Southern District of New York were filed against us and other defendants. The lawsuits generally allege various violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with the disclosure contained in the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed in connection with the Merger. The lawsuits seek rescission of the Merger or rescissory damages and, in each case, attorney's fees, costs and interest. We intend to vigorously defend these claims.
Due to the nature of our business, we are, from time to time, involved in other routine litigation or subject to disputes or claims related to our business activities, including workers' compensation claims and employment related disputes. In the opinion of our management, none of these other pending litigation, disputes or claims against us, if decided adversely, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Offices
Our principal executive office is located at 6100 N. Western Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73118. Our main telephone number is (405) 848-8000.
Available Information
Our annual reports on Form 10‑K, quarterly reports on Form 10‑Q, current reports on Form 8–K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There are numerous factors that affect our business and operating results, many of which are beyond our control. The following is a description of significant factors that might cause our future results to differ materially from those currently expected. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial position, operating results, cash flows, reserves and/or our ability to pay our debts and other liabilities could suffer, the trading price and liquidity of our securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in our securities.
Risks Related to Our Business
Oil, natural gas and NGL prices fluctuate widely, and lower prices for an extended period of time are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our revenues, operating results, profitability, liquidity and ability to grow depend primarily upon the prices we receive for the oil, natural gas and NGL we sell. We incur substantial expenditures to replace reserves, sustain production and fund our business plans. Low oil, natural gas and NGL prices can negatively affect the amount of cash available for capital expenditures, debt service and debt repayment and our ability to borrow money and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reserves. In addition, periods of low oil and natural gas prices may result in impairments of our oil and natural gas properties.
Historically, the markets for oil, natural gas and NGL have been volatile, and they are likely to continue to be volatile. For example, during the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018, NYMEX WTI oil prices ranged from a high of $107.26 per bbl to a low of $26.21 per bbl. Average daily prices for NYMEX Henry Hub natural gas ranged from a high of $6.15 per MMBtu to a low of $1.64 per MMBtu during the same period. Wide fluctuations in oil, natural gas and NGL prices may result from factors that are beyond our control, including:
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domestic and worldwide supplies of oil, natural gas and NGL, including U.S. inventories of oil and natural gas reserves;
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changes in the level of consumer and industrial demand;
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the price and availability of alternative fuels;
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technological advances affecting energy consumption;
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the effectiveness of worldwide conservation measures;
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the availability, proximity and capacity of pipelines, other transportation facilities and processing facilities;
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the level and effect of trading in commodity futures markets, including by commodity price speculators and others;
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U.S. exports of oil, natural gas, liquefied natural gas and NGL;
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the price and level of foreign imports;
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the nature and extent of domestic and foreign governmental regulations and taxes;
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the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree to and maintain oil price and production controls;
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political instability or armed conflict in oil and natural gas producing regions;
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domestic and global economic conditions.
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These factors and the volatility of the energy markets make it extremely difficult to predict future oil, natural gas and NGL price movements with any certainty. Even with oil, natural gas and NGL derivatives currently in place to mitigate price risks associated with a portion of our 2019 cash flows, we have substantial exposure to oil, natural gas and NGL prices in 2020 and beyond. In addition, a prolonged extension of lower prices could reduce the quantities of reserves that we may economically produce.
Our development projects require substantial capital expenditures. We may be unable to obtain required capital or financing on satisfactory terms, which could lead to a decline in our ability to access or grow production and reserves.
The oil and natural gas industry is capital-intensive. We make and expect to continue to make substantial capital expenditures related to our development projects. We expect to fund our 2019 capital budget with cash generated by operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. However, our financing needs may require us to alter or increase our capitalization substantially through the issuance of debt or the sale of assets. The issuance of additional indebtedness would require that an additional portion of our cash flow from operations be used for the payment of interest and principal on our indebtedness, thereby further reducing our ability to use cash flow from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures. The actual amount and timing of our future capital expenditures may differ materially from our estimates as a result of, among other things: commodity prices; actual drilling results; the availability of drilling rigs and other services and equipment; and regulatory, technological and competitive developments. A reduction in commodity prices from current levels may result in a decrease in our actual capital expenditures, which would negatively impact our ability to grow production.
Our cash flow from operations and access to capital are subject to a number of variables, including:
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the prices at which our production is sold;
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the amount of hydrocarbons we are able to produce from existing wells;
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our ability to acquire, locate and produce new reserves;
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the amount of our operating expenses;
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limits on Chesapeake's ability to make investments in us contained in its credit agreement;
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cash settlements from our derivative activities; and
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our ability to borrow under our revolving credit facility.
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If our revenues or the borrowing base under our revolving credit facility decrease as a result of lower oil, natural gas and NGL prices, operational difficulties, declines in reserves or for any other reason, we may have limited ability to obtain the capital necessary to sustain our operations at current levels. If additional capital is needed, we may not be able to obtain debt financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If cash flow generated by our operations, available borrowings under our revolving credit facility or investment in us by Chesapeake are insufficient to meet our capital requirements, the failure to obtain additional financing could result in a curtailment of the development of our properties, which in turn could lead to a decline in our reserves and production and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Drilling for and producing oil and natural gas are high risk activities with many uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our future financial condition and results of operations will depend on the success of our development, production and acquisition activities, which are subject to numerous risks beyond our control, including the risk that drilling will not result in commercially viable oil and natural gas production.
Our decisions to develop or purchase prospects or properties will depend, in part, on the evaluation of data obtained through geophysical and geological analyses, production data and engineering studies, which are often inconclusive or subject to varying interpretations. Any material inaccuracies in reserve estimates or underlying assumptions will materially affect the quantities and present value of our reserves. In addition, our cost of drilling, completing and operating wells is often uncertain.
Further, many factors may curtail, delay or cancel our scheduled drilling projects, including:
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delays imposed by, or resulting from, compliance with regulatory requirements, including limitations on wastewater disposal, emission of greenhouse gasses (“GHGs”) and hydraulic fracturing;
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pressure or irregularities in geological formations;
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shortages of or delays in obtaining equipment and qualified personnel or in obtaining water for hydraulic fracturing activities;
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equipment failures, accidents or other unexpected operational events;
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lack of available gathering facilities or delays in construction of gathering facilities;
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lack of available capacity on interconnecting transmission pipelines;
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adverse weather conditions;
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issues related to compliance with environmental regulations;
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environmental hazards, such as oil and natural gas leaks, oil spills, pipeline and tank ruptures and unauthorized discharges of brine, well stimulation and completion fluids, toxic gases or other pollutants into the surface and subsurface environment;
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declines in oil and natural gas prices;
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limited availability of financing on acceptable terms;
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other market limitations in our industry.
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We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our debt obligations that may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our indebtedness obligations, including the 2025 Senior Notes and our revolving credit facility, depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flow from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on the 2025 Senior Notes and our other indebtedness. We are an unrestricted subsidiary of Chesapeake and as such, are limited in our ability to receive investments from, and transact with, Chesapeake. Additionally, if the 2025 Senior Notes are downgraded within 90 days after the consummation of the acquisition of WildHorse (which constitutes a "Change of Control" under the indenture governing the 2025 Senior Notes (the "WildHorse Indenture")), the WildHorse Indenture requires Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C. (or a third party, in certain circumstances) to make an offer to repurchase the 2025 Senior Notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, within 30 days of such downgrade.
If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance indebtedness. Our ability to restructure or refinance indebtedness will depend on our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of indebtedness may be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict business operations. The terms of our existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis, including the 2025 Senior Notes, would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating. In the absence of sufficient cash flows and capital resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet debt service and other obligations. The WildHorse Indenture restricts, and our revolving credit facility restricts, our ability to dispose of assets and imposes limitations on our use of proceeds from dispositions. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions, and the proceeds of any such disposition may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet scheduled debt service obligations.
Restrictions in our existing and future debt agreements could limit our growth and our ability to engage in certain activities.
The terms and conditions governing our indebtedness:
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require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our existing debt, thereby reducing the cash available to finance our operations and other business activities and could limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
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increase our vulnerability to economic downturns and adverse developments in our business;
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limit our ability to access the capital markets to raise capital on favorable terms or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures or acquisitions or to refinance existing indebtedness;
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place restrictions on our ability to obtain additional financing, make investments, lease equipment, sell assets and engage in business combinations;
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place us at a competitive disadvantage relative to competitors with lower levels of indebtedness in relation to their overall size or less restrictive terms governing their indebtedness; and
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limit management's discretion in operating our business.
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Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory and other factors. We will not be able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions and governmental regulation. We cannot be certain that our cash flow will be sufficient to allow us to pay the principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations. If we do not have enough money, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets, or borrow more money. We may not be able to refinance our debt, sell assets, or borrow more money on terms acceptable to us, if at all. For example, our existing and future debt agreements will require that we satisfy certain conditions, including coverage and leverage ratios, to borrow money. Our existing and future debt agreements will also restrict the payment of dividends and distributions by certain of our subsidiaries to us, which could affect our access to cash. In addition, our ability to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants in our indebtedness will be affected by the levels of cash flow from our operations and future events and circumstances beyond our control. Failure to comply with these covenants would result in an event of default under our indebtedness, and such an event of default could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any significant reduction in our borrowing base under the Credit Agreement as a result of the periodic borrowing base redeterminations or otherwise may negatively impact our ability to fund our operations.
The Credit Agreement limits the amounts we can borrow up to a borrowing base amount, which the lenders, in their sole discretion, will unilaterally determine based upon projected revenues from our oil, natural gas and NGL properties and our commodity derivative contracts. Such determinations will be made on a regular basis semi-annually (each a “Scheduled Redetermination”), at our option in connection with a material acquisition, at our option no more than twice in any fiscal year and at the option of lenders with more than 66.6% of the loans and commitments under the facility (the “Required Lenders”) no more than twice in any fiscal year (each such redetermination other than a Scheduled Redetermination, an “Interim Redetermination” and any Scheduled Redetermination or Interim Redetermination, a “Redetermination”). In connection with a Redetermination, any increase in the borrowing base requires the consent of the lenders holding 100% of the commitments, and maintaining or any decrease in the borrowing base requires the consent of the Required Lenders. The borrowing base will also automatically decrease upon the issuance of certain debt, the sale or other disposition of certain assets and the early termination of certain swap agreements. Our next Scheduled Redetermination is expected in April 2019.
In the future, we may not be able to access adequate funding under the Credit Agreement as a result of a decrease in our borrowing base due to the issuance of new indebtedness, the outcome of a Redetermination, or an unwillingness or inability on the part of lending counterparties to meet their funding obligations and the inability of other lenders to provide additional funding to cover a defaulting lender's portion. Declines in commodity prices could result in a determination to lower the borrowing base and, in such a case, we could be required to repay any indebtedness in excess of the redetermined borrowing base. As a result, we may be unable to implement our drilling and development plan, make acquisitions or otherwise carry out business plans, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Increases in interest rates could adversely affect our business.
We require continued access to capital and our business and operating results can be harmed by factors such as the availability, terms of and cost of capital, increases in interest rates or a reduction in credit rating. We expect to use our revolving credit facility to finance a portion of our future growth, and these changes could cause our cost of doing business to increase, reduce cash flow used for drilling and place us at a competitive disadvantage. Recent and continuing disruptions and volatility in the global financial markets may lead to a contraction in credit availability impacting our ability to finance our operations. A significant reduction in cash flows from operations or the availability of credit could materially and adversely affect our ability to achieve our planned growth and operating results.
Our derivative activities could result in financial losses or could reduce our earnings.
In order to manage our exposure to price volatility, we enter into oil, natural gas and NGL price derivative contracts. Our oil, natural gas and NGL derivative arrangements may limit the benefit we would receive from increases in commodity prices. The fair value of our oil, natural gas and NGL derivative instruments can fluctuate significantly between periods. Our decision to mitigate cash flow volatility through derivative arrangements, if any, is based in part on our view of current and future market conditions and our desire to stabilize cash flows necessary for the development of our proved reserves. We may choose not to enter into derivatives if the pricing environment for certain time periods is not deemed to be favorable. Additionally, we may choose to liquidate existing derivative positions prior to the expiration of their contractual maturities to monetize gain positions for the purpose of funding our capital program. As of December 31, 2018, we had entered into swaps and deferred premium puts through December 2020 covering a total of 12.9 MMBbls of our projected oil production and 11.3 TBtu of our projected natural gas production. Accordingly, our earnings may fluctuate significantly as a result of changes in fair value of our derivative instruments.
Derivative instruments also expose us to the risk of financial loss in some circumstances, including when:
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production is less than the volume covered by the derivative instruments;
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the counterparty to the derivative instrument defaults on its contractual obligations;
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there is an increase in the differential between the underlying price in the derivative instrument and actual prices received; or
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there are issues with regard to legal enforceability of such instruments.
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The use of derivatives may, in some cases, require the posting of cash collateral with counterparties. If we enter into derivative instruments that require cash collateral and commodity prices or interest rates change in a manner adverse to us, our cash otherwise available for use in our operations would be reduced, which could limit our ability to make future capital expenditures and make payments on our indebtedness, and which could also limit the size of our borrowing base. Future collateral requirements will depend on arrangements with our counterparties, oil, natural gas and NGL prices and interest rates. In addition, derivative arrangements could limit the benefit we would receive from increases in the prices for oil, natural gas and NGLs or from reductions in interest rates, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. In addition, the Credit Agreement limits our ability to enter into commodity hedges covering greater than 100% of our reasonably anticipated projected proved production for the first two years of the facility and 75% of reasonably anticipated projected proved production for the following three years.
Our derivative contracts expose us to risk of financial loss if a counterparty fails to perform under a contract. Disruptions in the financial markets could lead to sudden decreases in a counterparty's liquidity, which could make the counterparty unable to perform under the terms of the contract, and we may not be able to realize the benefit of the contract. We are unable to predict sudden changes in a counterparty's creditworthiness or ability to perform. Even if we do accurately predict sudden changes, our ability to negate the risk may be limited depending upon market conditions.
During periods of declining commodity prices or, to the extent we have interest rate derivative instrument contracts, increasing interest rates, our derivative contract receivable positions would generally increase, which increases our counterparty credit exposure. If the creditworthiness of our counterparties deteriorates and results in their nonperformance, we could incur a significant loss with respect to our derivative contracts.
Reserve estimates depend on many assumptions that may turn out to be inaccurate. Any material inaccuracies in reserve estimates or underlying assumptions will materially affect the quantities and present value of our reserves.
The process of estimating oil and natural gas reserves is complex. It requires interpretations of available technical data and many assumptions, including assumptions relating to current and future economic conditions and commodity prices. Any significant inaccuracies in these interpretations or assumptions could materially affect the estimated quantities and present value of our reserves. In order to prepare reserve estimates, we must project production rates and timing of
development expenditures. We must also analyze available geological, geophysical, production and engineering data. The extent, quality and reliability of this data can vary. The process also requires economic assumptions about matters such as oil and natural gas prices, drilling and operating expenses, capital expenditures, taxes and availability of funds.
Actual future production, oil, natural gas and NGL prices, revenues, taxes, development expenditures, operating expenses and quantities of recoverable oil and natural gas reserves may vary from our estimates. For instance, initial production rates reported by us or other operators may not be indicative of future or long-term production rates, our recovery efficiencies may be worse than expected and production declines may be greater than we estimate and may be more rapid and irregular when compared to initial production rates. In addition, we may adjust reserve estimates of proved reserves to reflect additional production history, results of development activities, current commodity prices and other existing factors. Any significant variance could materially affect the estimated quantities and present value of our reserves. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our reserves will ultimately be produced or that our proved undeveloped reserves will be developed within the periods anticipated.
You should not assume that the present value of future net revenues from our reserves presented in this Annual Report is the current market value of our estimated reserves. Actual future prices and costs may differ materially from those used in the present value estimate. For example, our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 and related standardized measure were calculated under SEC rules using twelve-month trailing average benchmark prices of $65.56 per barrel of oil (WTI) and $3.10 per MMBtu of natural gas (Henry Hub spot), which, for certain periods in 2018, were substantially higher than the available spot prices. If spot prices are below such calculated amounts, using more recent prices in estimating proved reserves may result in a reduction in proved reserve volumes due to economic limits.
The standardized measure of our estimated reserves is not an accurate estimate of the current fair value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves.
Standardized measure is a reporting convention that provides a common basis for comparing oil and natural gas companies subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Standardized measure requires historical twelve-month pricing as required by the SEC as well as operating and development costs prevailing as of the date of computation. Consequently, it may not reflect the prices ordinarily received or that will be received for oil and natural gas production because of varying market conditions, nor may it reflect the actual costs that will be required to produce or develop the oil and natural gas properties. As a result, estimates included herein of future net cash flow may be materially different from the future net cash flows that are ultimately received. Therefore, the Standardized measure of our estimated reserves included in this Annual Report should not be construed as accurate estimates of the current fair value of our proved reserves.
Our identified drilling locations are scheduled out over many years, making them susceptible to uncertainties that could materially alter the occurrence or timing of their drilling. In addition, we may not be able to raise the substantial amount of capital that would be necessary to drill such locations.
Our management and technical teams have specifically identified and scheduled certain drilling locations as an estimation of our future multi-year drilling activities on our existing acreage. These drilling locations represent a significant part of our growth strategy. Our ability to drill and develop these locations depends on a number of uncertainties, including oil and natural gas prices, the availability and cost of capital, drilling and production costs, availability of drilling services and equipment, drilling results, lease expirations, gathering system and pipeline transportation constraints, access to and availability of water sourcing and distribution systems, regulatory approvals, the cooperation of other working interest owners and other factors. Because of these uncertain factors, we do not know if the numerous drilling locations we have identified will ever be drilled or if we will be able to produce natural gas or oil from these or any other drilling locations. In addition, unless production is established within the spacing units covering the undeveloped acres on which some of the drilling locations are obtained, the leases for such acreage will expire. As such, our actual drilling activities may materially differ from those presently identified.
As a result of the limitations described in this Annual Report, we may be unable to drill many of our identified locations. In addition, we will require significant additional capital over a prolonged period in order to pursue the development of these locations, and we may not be able to raise or generate the capital required to do so. Any drilling activities we are able to conduct on these locations may not be successful, may not result in production or additions to our estimated proved reserves and could result in a downward revision of our estimated proved reserves, which could have a material adverse effect on the borrowing base under our revolving credit facility or our future business and results of operations. Additionally, if we curtail our drilling program, we may lose a portion of our acreage through lease expirations and may be required to reduce our estimated proved reserves, which could reduce the borrowing base under our revolving credit facility.
Certain of our undeveloped leasehold acreage is subject to leases that will expire over the next several years unless production is established on units containing the acreage or the leases are renewed.
Leases
on oil and natural gas properties typically have a term of three to five years, after which they expire unless, prior to expiration, a well is drilled and production of hydrocarbons in paying quantities is established. If our leases on our undeveloped properties expire and we are unable to renew the leases, we will lose our right to develop the related properties. Although we seek to actively manage our undeveloped properties, our drilling plans for these areas are subject to change based upon various factors, including drilling results, oil and natural gas prices, the availability and cost of capital, drilling and production costs, availability of drilling services and equipment, gathering system and pipeline transportation constraints and regulatory approvals. Low commodity prices may cause us to delay our drilling plans and, as a result, lose our right to develop the related properties.
Unless we replace our reserves with new reserves and develop those new reserves, our reserves and production will decline, which would adversely affect our future cash flows and results of operations.
Producing oil and natural gas reservoirs generally are characterized by declining production rates that vary depending upon reservoir characteristics and other factors. Unless we conduct successful ongoing exploration and development activities or continually acquire properties containing proved reserves, our proved reserves will decline as those reserves are produced. Our future reserves and production, and therefore our future cash flow and results of operations, are highly dependent on our success in efficiently developing our current reserves and economically finding or acquiring additional recoverable reserves. We may not be able to develop, find or acquire sufficient additional reserves to replace our current and future production. If we are unable to replace our current and future production, the value of our reserves will decrease, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
Our operations are substantially dependent on the availability of water. Restrictions on our ability to obtain water may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Water is an essential component of oil and natural gas production during both the drilling and hydraulic fracturing processes. Drought conditions have persisted in our areas of operation in past years. These drought conditions have led governmental authorities to restrict the use of water, subject to their jurisdiction, for hydraulic fracturing to protect local water supplies. If we are unable to obtain water to use in our operations, we may be unable to economically produce oil and natural gas, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our producing properties are located in the Eagle Ford Shale, making us vulnerable to risks associated with operating in a limited geographic area.
All of our producing properties and estimated proved reserves are geographically concentrated in the Eagle Ford Shale. As a result, we may be disproportionately exposed to the impact of regional supply and demand factors, delays or interruptions of production from wells in the Eagle Ford Shale caused by governmental regulation, processing or transportation capacity constraints, market limitations, availability of equipment and personnel, water shortages or other drought related conditions or interruption of the processing or transportation of oil, natural gas or NGLs.
The marketability of our production is dependent upon transportation and other facilities, certain of which we do not control. If these facilities are unavailable, our operations could be interrupted and our revenues reduced.
The marketability of our oil and natural gas production depends in part upon the availability, proximity and capacity of transportation facilities owned by third parties. Our oil production is transported from the wellhead to our tank batteries by our gathering systems. The oil is then transported by us or the purchaser by truck to a transportation facility. Our natural gas production is generally transported by our or third-party gathering lines from the wellhead to a gas processing facility or transmission pipeline. We do not control these trucks and other third-party transportation facilities and our access to them may be limited or denied. Insufficient production from our wells to support the construction of pipeline facilities by our purchasers or a significant disruption in the availability of our or third-party transportation facilities or other production facilities could adversely impact our ability to deliver to market or produce our oil and natural gas and thereby cause a significant interruption in our operations. If, in the future, we are unable, for any sustained period, to implement acceptable delivery or transportation arrangements or encounter production related difficulties, we may be required to shut in or curtail production. Any such shut-in or curtailment, or an inability to obtain favor able terms for delivery of the oil and natural gas produced from our fields, would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The development of our estimated PUDs may take longer and may require higher levels of capital expenditures than we currently anticipate. Therefore, our estimated PUDs may not be ultimately developed or produced.
As of December 31, 2018, approximately 76.5% of our total estimated proved reserves were classified as proved undeveloped. Development of these proved undeveloped reserves may take longer and require higher levels of capital expenditures than we currently anticipate. Estimated future development costs relating to the development of our PUDs at December 31, 2018 are approximately $5.05 billion over the next five years. We expect to fund these expenditures through cash generated by operations, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and other sources of capital. Our ability to fund these expenditures is subject to a number of risks. Delays in the development of our reserves, increases in costs to drill and develop such reserves or decreases in commodity prices will reduce the value of our estimated PUDs and future net revenues estimated for such reserves and may result in some projects becoming uneconomic. In addition, delays in the development of reserves could cause us to have to reclassify our PUDs as unproved reserves. Furthermore, there is no certainty that we will be able to convert our PUDs to developed reserves or that our undeveloped reserves will be economically viable or technically feasible to produce.
Further, SEC rules require that, subject to limited exceptions, PUDs may only be booked if they relate to wells scheduled to be drilled within five years after the date of booking. This requirement has limited and may continue to limit our ability to book additional PUDs as we pursue our drilling program. As a result, we may be required to write down our PUDs if we do not drill those wells within the required five-year timeframe.
Certain factors could require us to write down the carrying values of our properties, including commodity prices decreasing to a level such that our future undiscounted cash flows from our properties are less than their carrying value.
We periodically review the carrying value of our properties for possible impairment. Based on prevailing commodity prices and specific market factors and circumstances at the time of prospective impairment reviews, and the continuing evaluation of development plans, production data, economics and other factors, we may be required to write down the carrying value of our properties. A write down constitutes a non-cash impairment charge to earnings. Lower commodity prices in the future could result in impairments of our properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for the periods in which such charges are taken. For example, during the first quarter of 2018, we impaired our North Louisiana properties for $214.3 million, which we divested at the end of March 2018. We could experience further material write downs as a result of lower commodity prices or other factors, including low production results or high lease operating expenses, capital expenditures or transportation fees.
The Company's sand mining operations are subject to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and amending legislation, which impose stringent health and safety standards on numerous aspects of the Company's sand mining operations.
The Company's sand mining operations are subject to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, as amended by the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006, which imposes stringent health and safety standards on numerous aspects of mineral extraction and processing operations, including the training of personnel, operating procedures, operating equipment and other matters. This Act, as amended, is a strict liability statute and any failure by the Company to comply with such existing or any future standards, or any more stringent interpretation or enforcement thereof, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's sand mining operations or otherwise impose significant restrictions on the Company's ability to conduct mineral extraction and processing operations. In addition, the Mine Safety and Health Administration ("MSHA") may propose changes in their regulations regarding workplace exposure to crystalline silica, such as permissible exposure limits and required controls and personal protective equipment. If any new rule issued by MSHA lowers the workplace exposure limit significantly, the Company could incur significant capital and operating expenditures for equipment to reduce this exposure.
We may incur substantial losses and be subject to substantial liability claims as a result of our operations. Additionally, we may not be insured for, or our insurance may be inadequate to protect us against, these risks.
We are not insured against all risks. Losses and liabilities arising from uninsured and underinsured events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our development activities are subject to all of the operating risks associated with drilling for and producing oil and natural gas, including the possibility of:
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environmental hazards, such as uncontrollable releases of oil, natural gas, brine, well fluids, toxic gas or other pollution into the environment, including groundwater, air and shoreline contamination;
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abnormally pressured formations;
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mechanical difficulties, such as stuck oilfield drilling and service tools and casing collapse;
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fires, explosions and ruptures of pipelines;
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personal injuries and death;
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terrorist attacks targeting oil and natural gas related facilities and infrastructure.
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Any of these events could adversely affect our ability to conduct operations or result in substantial loss to us as a result of claims for:
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injury or loss of life;
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damage to and destruction of property, natural resources and equipment;
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pollution and other environmental damage;
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regulatory investigations and penalties; and
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repair and remediation costs.
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We may elect not to obtain insurance for any or all of these risks if we believe that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented. In addition, pollution and environmental risks generally are not fully insurable. The occurrence of an event that is not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Properties that we decide to drill may not yield oil or natural gas in commercially viable quantities.
Properties that we decide to drill that do not yield oil or natural gas in commercially viable quantities will adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. There is no way to predict in advance of drilling and testing whether any particular prospect will yield oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to recover drilling or completion costs or to be economically viable. The use of micro-seismic data and other technologies and the study of producing fields in the same area will not enable us to know conclusively prior to drilling whether oil or natural gas will be present or, if present, whether oil or natural gas will be present in commercial quantities. We cannot assure you that the analogies we draw from available data from other wells, more fully explored prospects or producing fields will be applicable to our drilling prospects. Further, our drilling operations may be curtailed, delayed or cancelled as a result of numerous factors, including:
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unexpected drilling conditions;
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pressure or lost circulation in formations;
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equipment failures or accidents;
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adverse weather conditions;
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compliance with environmental and other governmental or contractual requirements; and
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increases in the cost of, and shortages or delays in the availability of, electricity, supplies, materials, drilling or workover rigs, equipment and services.
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Certain of our properties are subject to land use restrictions, which could limit the manner in which we conduct our business.
Certain of our properties are subject to land use restrictions, including city ordinances, which could limit the manner in which we conduct our business. Such restrictions could affect, among other things, our access to and the permissible uses of our facilities as well as the manner in which we produce oil and natural gas and may restrict or prohibit drilling in general. The costs we incur to comply with such restrictions may be significant in nature, and we may experience delays or curtailment in the pursuit of development activities and perhaps even be precluded from the drilling of wells.
We may be involved in legal proceedings that could result in substantial liabilities.
Like many oil and gas companies, we are from time to time involved in various legal and other proceedings, such as title, royalty or contractual disputes, regulatory compliance matters and personal injury or property damage matters, in the ordinary course of our business. Such legal proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted. Regardless of the outcome, such proceedings could have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management and other personnel and other factors. In addition, it is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in liability, penalties or sanctions, as well as judgments, consent decrees or orders requiring a change in our business practices, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Accruals for such liability, penalties or sanctions may be insufficient, and judgments and estimates to determine accruals or range of losses related to legal and other proceedings could change from one period to the next, and such changes could be material.
We
are subject to extensive governmental regulation and ongoing regulatory changes, which could adversely impact our business.
Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, tribal, local and other laws, rules and regulations, including with respect to environmental matters, worker health and safety, wildlife conservation, the gathering and transportation of oil, gas and NGLs, conservation policies, reporting obligations, royalty payments, unclaimed property and the imposition of taxes. Such regulations include requirements for permits to drill and to conduct other operations and for provision of financial assurances (such as bonds) covering drilling, completion and well operations. If permits are not issued, or if unfavorable restrictions or conditions are imposed on our drilling or completion activities, we may not be able to conduct our operations as planned. In addition, we may be required to make large, sometimes unexpected, expenditures to comply with applicable governmental laws, rules, regulations, permits or orders.
In addition, changes in public policy have affected, and in the future could further affect, our operations. Regulatory changes could, among other things, restrict production levels, impose price controls, alter environmental protection requirements and increase taxes, royalties and other amounts payable to the government. Our operating and compliance costs could increase further if existing laws and regulations are revised or reinterpreted or if new laws and regulations become applicable to our operations. We do not expect that any of these laws and regulations will affect our operations materially differently than they would affect other companies with similar operations, size and financial strength. Although we are unable to predict changes to existing laws and regulations, such changes could significantly impact our profitability, financial condition and liquidity. As is discussed below this is particularly true of changes related to pipeline safety, seismic activity, hydraulic fracturing, climate change and endangered species designations.
Pipeline Safety. The pipeline assets in which we own interests are subject to stringent and complex regulations related to pipeline safety and integrity management. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) has established a series of rules that require pipeline operators to develop and implement integrity management programs for gas, NGL and condensate transmission pipelines as well as certain low stress pipelines and gathering lines transporting hazardous liquids, such as oil, that, in the event of a failure, could affect “high consequence areas.” Additional action by PHMSA with respect to pipeline integrity management requirements may occur in the future. For example, in 2016 PHMSA proposed new rules for gas pipelines that extend pipeline safety programs beyond high consequence areas to newly proposed “moderate consequence areas or rural areas” and would also impose more rigorous testing and reporting requirements on such pipelines. Elements of a final rulemaking, commonly referred to as the “Gas Mega Rule,” continues to be deliberated by PHMSA’s Gas Pipeline Advisory Committee (GPAC). To date, no final regulatory action has been taken. More recently, in January 2017, PHMSA finalized regulations for hazardous liquid pipelines that significantly extend and expand the reach of certain PHMSA integrity management requirements (i.e., periodic assessments, leak detection and repairs), regardless of the pipeline’s proximity to a high consequence area. The final rule also imposes new reporting requirements for certain unregulated pipelines, including all hazardous liquid gathering lines. Per direction provided via a “Regulatory Freeze” Memo published on January 20, 2017 by the Trump Administration, this final regulatory action was withdrawn and continues to be evaluated by executive leadership. In July 2018, PHMSA issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking seeking comment on the class location requirements for natural gas transmission pipelines, and particularly the actions operators must take when class locations change due to population growth or building construction near the pipeline. At this time, we cannot predict the cost of these requirements or other potential
new or amended regulations, but they could be significant. Moreover, violations of pipeline safety regulations can result in the imposition of significant penalties.
Seismic Activity. Earthquakes have prompted concerns about seismic activity and possible relationships with the energy industry. Legislative and regulatory initiatives intended to address these concerns may result in additional levels of regulation or other requirements that could lead to operational delays, increase our operating and compliance costs or otherwise adversely affect our operations.
Hydraulic Fracturing. Several states have adopted or are considering adopting regulations that could impose more stringent permitting, public disclosure and/or well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations. Three states (New York, Maryland and Vermont) have banned the use of high volume hydraulic fracturing. In addition to state laws, some local municipalities have adopted or are considering adopting land use restrictions, such as city ordinances, that may restrict or prohibit the performance of well drilling in general and/or hydraulic fracturing in particular. There have also been certain governmental reviews that focus on deep shale and other formation completion and production practices, including hydraulic fracturing. The government may continue to study hydraulic fracturing. We cannot predict the outcome of future studies, but based on the results of these studies, federal and state legislatures and agencies may seek to further regulate or even ban hydraulic fracturing activities. In addition, if existing laws and regulations with regard to hydraulic fracturing are revised or reinterpreted or if new laws and regulations become applicable to our operations through judicial or administrative actions, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.
We cannot predict whether additional federal, state or local laws or regulations applicable to hydraulic fracturing will be enacted in the future and, if so, what actions any such laws or regulations would require or prohibit. If additional levels of regulation or permitting requirements were imposed on hydraulic fracturing operations, our business and operations could be subject to delays, increased operating and compliance costs and potential bans. Additional regulation could also lead to greater opposition to hydraulic fracturing, including litigation.
Climate Change. Continuing political and social attention to the issue of climate change has resulted in legislative, regulatory and other initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane. Policy makers at both the U.S. federal and state levels have introduced legislation and proposed new regulations designed to quantify and limit the emission of greenhouse gases through inventories, limitations and/or taxes on greenhouse gas emissions. EPA and the BLM have issued regulations for the control of methane emissions, which also include leak detection and repair requirements, for the oil and gas industry; however, following the change in presidential administrations, both agencies took actions to rescind or revise the rules. In September 2018, BLM issued a final rule that rescinded certain requirements of its venting and flaring rule. Similarly, in October 2018, EPA published a proposed rule that amends certain requirements of its methane rule. The EPA rule remains in effect. Nevertheless, several states where we operate have imposed venting and flaring limitations designed to reduce methane emissions from oil and gas exploration and production activities. Legislative and state initiatives to date have generally focused on the development of cap-and-trade and/or carbon tax programs. Cap and trade programs offer greenhouse gas emission allowances that are gradually reduced over time. A cap and trade program could impose direct costs on us through the purchase of allowances and could impose indirect costs by incentivizing consumers to shift away from fossil fuels. A carbon tax could directly increase our costs of operation and similarly incentivize consumers to shift away from fossil fuels.
In addition, activists concerned about the potential effects of climate change have directed their attention at sources of funding for fossil-fuel energy companies, which has resulted in certain financial institutions, funds and other sources of capital restricting or eliminating their investment in oil and natural gas activities. Ultimately, this could make it more difficult to secure funding for exploration and production activities.
These various legislative, regulatory and other activities addressing greenhouse gas emissions could adversely affect our business, including by imposing reporting obligations on, or limiting emissions of greenhouse gases from, our equipment and operations, which could require us to incur costs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases associated with our operations. Limitations on greenhouse gas emissions could also adversely affect demand for oil and gas, which could lower the value of our reserves and have a material adverse effect on our profitability, financial condition and liquidity. Furthermore, increasing attention to climate change risks has resulted in increased likelihood of governmental investigations and private litigation, which could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business.
Endangered Species. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) prohibits the taking of endangered or threatened species or their habitats. While some of our assets and lease acreage may be located in areas that are designated as habitats for endangered or threatened species, we believe that we are in material compliance with the ESA. However, the designation of previously unidentified endangered or threatened species in areas where we intend to conduct construction activity or the imposition of seasonal restrictions on our construction or operational activities could materially limit or delay our plans.
The taxation of independent producers is subject to change, and changes in tax law could increase our cost of doing business.
We are subject to taxation by various taxing authorities at the federal, state and local levels where we do business. New legislation increasing our tax burden could be enacted by any of these governmental authorities making it more costly for us to explore for oil and natural gas resources.
Competition in the oil and natural gas industry is intense, making it more difficult for us to acquire properties, market oil or natural gas and secure trained personnel.
Our ability to acquire additional prospects and to find and develop reserves in the future will depend on our ability to evaluate and select suitable properties for acquisitions and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment for acquiring properties, marketing oil and natural gas and securing trained personnel. Also, there is substantial competition for capital available for investment in the oil and natural gas industry. Many of our competitors possess and employ greater financial, technical and personnel resources than we do. Those companies may be able to pay more for productive properties and exploratory prospects and to evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than our financial or personnel resources permit. In addition, other companies may be able to offer better compensation packages to attract and retain qualified personnel than we are able to offer. The cost to attract and retain qualified personnel has historically continually increased due to competition and may increase substantially in the future. We may not be able to compete successfully in the future in acquiring prospective reserves, developing reserves, marketing hydrocarbons, attracting and retaining quality personnel and raising additional capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business could be adversely affected by cyber-security threats and related disruptions.
Our business has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct certain exploration, development and production activities. We depend on digital technology to estimate quantities of oil, natural gas and NGL reserves, process and record financial and operating data, analyze seismic and drilling information, and communicate with our customers, employees and third-party partners. We have been the subject of cyber-attacks on our internal systems and through those of third parties, but these incidents did not have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Nevertheless, unauthorized access to our seismic data, reserves information, customer or employee data or other proprietary or commercially sensitive information could lead to data corruption, communication interruption, or other disruptions in our exploration or production operations or planned business transactions, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. If our information technology systems cease to function properly or our cybersecurity is breached, we could suffer disruptions to our normal operations, which may include drilling, completion, production and corporate functions. A cyber-attack involving our information systems and related infrastructure, or that of our business associates, could result in supply chain disruptions that delay or prevent us from transporting and marketing our production, non-compliance leading to regulatory fines or penalties, loss or disclosure of, or damage to, our or any of our customer’s or supplier’s data or confidential information that could harm our business by damaging our reputation, subjecting us to potential financial or legal liability, and requiring us to incur significant costs, including costs to repair or restore our systems and data or to take other remedial steps.
Further, as cyber-attacks continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks. In addition, new laws and regulations governing data privacy and the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate costs, and any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in significant penalties and legal liability.
Risks Associated with the Merger
We have incurred substantial transaction fees and costs in connection with the Merger.
We expect to incur a number of non-recurring transaction-related costs associated with completing the Merger, combining our operations with Chesapeake’s and achieving desired synergies. These fees and costs may be substantial. Non-recurring transaction costs include, but are not limited to, fees paid to legal, financial and accounting advisors, filing fees and printing costs.
We may fail to realize all of the anticipated benefits of the Merger.
The success of the Merger will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings from combining Chesapeake’s and WildHorse’s businesses, including operational and other synergies that we believe the combined company will achieve. We expect that the Merger will provide substantial cost savings due to operational and capital efficiencies as a result of Chesapeake’s significant expertise with unconventional assets and technical and operational. The anticipated benefits and cost savings of the Merger may not be realized fully or at all, may take longer to realize than expected or could have other adverse effects that we do not currently foresee. Some of the assumptions that we have made, such as the achievement of operating synergies, may not be realized. The integration process may, for us and Chesapeake, result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies. There could be potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen expenses associated with the Merger that were not discovered in the course of performing due diligence. The integration will require significant time and focus from management following the acquisition.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Information regarding our properties is contained in Item 1. “Business”.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In January 2019, putative class action lawsuits in U.S. District Courts for the District of Delaware and Southern District of New York were filed against us and other defendants. The lawsuits generally allege various violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with the disclosure contained in the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed in connection with the Merger. The lawsuits seek rescission of the Merger or rescissory damages and, in each case, attorney’s fees, costs and interest. We intend to vigorously defend these claims.
As part of our normal business activities, we may be named as defendants in litigation and legal proceedings, including those arising from regulatory and environmental matters. If we determine that a negative outcome is probable and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable, we accrue the estimated amount. We are not aware of any litigation, pending or threatened, that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Note 18 under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional information regarding current legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
The information concerning mine safety violations and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Merger with Chesapeake Energy Corporation
In February 2019, we were acquired by Chesapeake for approximately 717.3 million shares of Chesapeake common stock and $381.1 million in cash. Immediately following the completion of the acquisition, WildHorse Development merged with and into Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake.
Initial Public Offering and Corporate Reorganization
Reference to “WHR II” or our “predecessor” refers to WildHorse Resources II, LLC, together with its consolidated subsidiaries. Reference to “Esquisto I” refers to Esquisto Resources, LLC. Reference to “Esquisto II” refers to Esquisto Resources II, LLC. Reference to “Esquisto Merger” refers to the merger of Esquisto I with and into Esquisto II on January 12, 2016. Reference to “Esquisto” refers (i) for the period beginning February 17, 2015 (date of common control) through January 11, 2016, to Esquisto I and Esquisto II on a combined basis and (ii) for the period beginning January 12, 2016 through the completion of our initial public offering on December 19, 2016, to Esquisto II. Reference to “Acquisition Co.” refers to WHE AcqCo., LLC, an entity that was formed to acquire the Burleson North assets (see Note 3—"Acquisitions and Divestitures”). Reference to “WildHorse Investment Holdings” refers to WildHorse Investment Holdings, LLC. Reference to “Previous owner” refers to both Esquisto and Acquisition Co. Reference to “Esquisto Investment Holdings” refers to Esquisto Investment Holdings, LLC. Reference to “WildHorse Holdings” refers to WHR Holdings, LLC. Reference to “Esquisto Holdings” refers to Esquisto Holdings, LLC. Reference to “Acquisition Co. Holdings” refers to WHE AcqCo Holdings, LLC. Reference to “NGP” refers to Natural Gas Partners, a family of private equity investment funds organized to make direct equity investments in the energy industry, including the funds invested in WHR II, Esquisto and Acquisition Co.
The Company was formed in August 2016 to serve as a holding company for the assets of WHR II and Esquisto. We did not have any operations until we completed our initial public offering on December 19, 2016. In connection with our initial public offering and Corporate Reorganization (defined below), our accounting predecessor, WHR II was contributed to us. In addition to WHR II, we received Esquisto and Acquisition Co. We are an independent oil and natural gas company focused on the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil, natural gas and NGL resources.
WHR II, Esquisto II, Acquisition Co., WHR Eagle Ford LLC (“WHR EF”), Burleson Sand LLC (“Burleson Sand”) and WHCC Infrastructure LLC (“WHCC”) are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company as of December 31, 2018. WildHorse Resources Management Company, LLC (“WHRM”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of WHR II. Esquisto II has two wholly owned subsidiaries – Petromax E&P Burleson, LLC, and Burleson Water Resources, LLC (“Burleson Water”). WHRM is the named operator for all oil and natural gas properties owned by us.
The Company issued and sold to the public in its initial public offering 27,500,000 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds from the sale of the common stock were $412.5 million, net of underwriting discounts of $14.1 million and other offering costs of $5.0 million. The net proceeds from our initial public offering were $393.4 million. Debt issuance costs of $2.9 million related to the establishment of the Company's revolving credit facility were also incurred in conjunction with our initial public offering.
Contemporaneously with our initial public offering, (i) the owners of WHR II exchanged all of their interests in WHR II for equivalent interests in WildHorse Investment Holdings and the owners of Esquisto exchanged all of their interests in Esquisto for equivalent interests in Esquisto Investment Holdings, (ii) WildHorse Investment Holdings contributed all of the interests in WHR II to WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Investment Holdings contributed all of the interests in Esquisto to Esquisto Holdings and the owner of Acquisition Co. contributed all of its interests in Acquisition Co. to Acquisition Co. Holdings and (iii) WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings and Acquisition Co. Holdings contributed all of the interests in WHR II, Esquisto and Acquisition Co., respectively, to us in exchange for shares of our
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
common stock. We refer to these reorganization transactions as the “Corporate Reorganization.” As a result of the Corporate Reorganization, WHR II, Esquisto and Acquisition Co. became direct, wholly owned subsidiaries of WildHorse Resource Development Corporation.
Basis of Presentation
Our predecessor's financial statements were retrospectively recast due to common control considerations. Because WHR II, Esquisto and Acquisition Co. were under the common control of NGP, the sale and contribution of the respective ownership interests were accounted for as a combination of entities under common control, whereby the assets and liabilities sold and contributed were recorded based on historical cost. As such, the financial statements included herein (i) (a) as of, and for the year ended, December 31, 2016 have been derived from the combined financial position and results attributable to our predecessor and Esquisto for periods prior to our initial public. Furthermore, the results of Acquisition Co. are reflected in the financial statements presented herein beginning on December 19, 2016. For periods after the completion of our initial public offering, our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest.
Our consolidated and combined financial statements include our accounts and those of our subsidiaries. Restricted cash was previously presented as a component of cash flows from investing activities on the consolidated and combined statements of cash flows. Restricted cash is now being included in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period totals due to the adoption of a new accounting standard.
All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in preparation of our consolidated and combined financial statements. The accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate
WHCC and an undisclosed joint venture partner (“JV Partner”) each made an approximate $10.2 million cash capital contribution for a 50% membership interest in JWH Midstream LLC (“JWH”) during July 2018. JWH used the capital contributions to finance the acquisition of a holding company from a third party that had an existing lease with the Port of Corpus Christi Authority (“Port”) for approximately 55 acres of land on the north side of the Corpus Christi Ship Channel in the Inner Harbor. In December 2018, we accrued an additional $1.9 million capital contribution which was funded in January 2019.
A $47.5 million irrevocable standby letter of credit was issued on July 27, 2018 under the Company’s revolving credit facility in favor of the Port to cover future minimum annual wharfage fee payment deficits under the lease. The Port requires that either a guaranty or letter of credit be in place for the first 10 years of the 20-year lease. Until the proposed marine terminal is built and operational, the letter of credit cannot be drawn upon by the Port. We have incurred letter of credit fees of approximately $0.4 million.
We determined that JWH is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) due to our disproportionate obligation to absorb losses compared to our voting rights and substantially all of JWH’s current activities involve us. We are exposed to losses above and beyond our 50% membership interest in JWH since we provided the Port with the irrevocable standby letter of credit naming the Port as beneficiary. A reporting entity is the primary beneficiary of a VIE and must consolidate it when that party has a variable interest, or combination of variable interests, that provides it with a controlling financial interest. A party is deemed to have a controlling financial interest if it meets both of the power and losses/benefits criteria. The power criterion is the ability to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance. The losses/benefits criterion is the obligation to absorb losses from, or right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The VIE model requires an ongoing reconsideration of whether a reporting entity is the primary beneficiary of a VIE due to changes in facts and circumstances. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary. On the basis of governing provisions set forth in JWH’s limited liability agreement, all decisions
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BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
regarding activities requires joint or unanimous consent. The power to direct activities that most significantly impact JWH’s economic performance is shared. Our maximum exposure to loss cannot be quantified, but would be limited to our investment and any amounts withdrawn by the Port under the standby letter of credit previously discussed.
Our investment in JWH is being accounted as an equity method investee. Investments in a limited liability company that maintains a specific ownership account for each investor should generally be accounted for under the equity method of accounting unless the investment is so minor that the member may have virtually no influence over the company’s operating and financial policies. In practice, investments of more than 3 to 5 percent are viewed as more than minor. Our $11.5 million investment in JWH is reflected on our balance sheet under other noncurrent assets as a component of the “Other” financial statement line item. Equity losses of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 is reflected on our income statement under other income (expense) as a component of the “Other income (expense)” financial statement line item.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate the estimates and assumptions on a regular basis; however, actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements. Significant estimates with regard to these financial statements include (1) the estimate of proved oil, natural gas and NGL reserves and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom; (2) depreciation, depletion and amortization expense; (3) valuation of accounts receivable; (4) accrued capital expenditures and liabilities; (5) asset retirement obligations; (6) deferred income taxes; (7) environmental remediation costs; (8) valuation of derivative instruments; (9) contingent liabilities and (10) impairment expense. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, changes in facts and circumstances or discovery of new information may result in revised estimates, and such revisions could be material.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investment instruments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows and other statements. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. In case a book overdraft exists at the end of a period, we reclassify the negative cash amount to accounts payable.
Restricted Cash
Historically, restricted cash consisted of certificates of deposit in place to collateralize letters of credit. The letters of credit were required as part of normal business operations. The certificates of deposit were in place for a period greater than 12 months and were considered noncurrent. We had no restricted cash at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Oil and Gas Properties
We use the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas producing activities. Costs to acquire mineral interests in natural gas and crude oil properties are capitalized. Significant costs associated with development wells in progress or awaiting completion are excluded from depletion until the well is completed. We have
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BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
excluded capitalized costs of $98.1 million at December 31, 2018. Costs to drill exploratory wells that do not find proved reserves, delay rentals and geological and geophysical costs are expensed.
The following table reflects the net changes in capitalized exploratory well costs for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
7,064
|
|
$
|
15,198
|
Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs pending the determination of proved reserves
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
60,847
|
Reclassifications to wells, facilities and equipment based on the determination of proved reserves
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(7,064)
|
|
|
(68,981)
|
Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to expense
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
7,064
|
We acquire leases on acreage not associated with proved reserves or held by production with the expectation of ultimately assigning proved reserves and holding the leases with production. The costs of acquiring these leases, including primarily brokerage costs and amounts paid to lessors, are capitalized and excluded from current amortization pending evaluation. When proved reserves are assigned, the leasehold costs associated with those leases are depleted as producing oil and gas properties. Costs associated with leases not held by production are impaired when events and circumstances indicate that carrying value of the properties is not recoverable. We recorded impairment of $10.5 million, $20.8 million and $3.1 million as exploration expense for unproved oil and gas properties for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Capitalized costs of producing crude oil and natural gas properties and support equipment, net of estimated salvage values, are depleted by field using the units-of-production method. Well and well equipment and tangible property additions are depleted over proved developed reserves and leasehold costs are depleted over total proved reserves.
Proved oil and gas properties are reviewed for impairment when events and circumstances indicate a potential decline in the fair value of such properties below the carrying value, such as a downward revision of the reserve estimates or lower commodity prices. We estimate the undiscounted future cash flows expected in connection with the properties and compare such future cash flows to the carrying amounts of the properties to determine if the carrying amounts are recoverable. If the carrying value of the properties is determined to not be recoverable based on the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by comparing the carrying value to the estimated fair value of the properties. The factors used to determine fair value include, but are not limited to, estimates of proved and probable reserves, future commodity prices, the timing of future production and capital expenditures and a discount rate commensurate with the risk reflective of the lives remaining for the respective oil and gas properties
Oil and Gas Reserves
The estimates of proved crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids reserves utilized in the preparation of the financial statements are estimated in accordance with guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), which require that reserve estimates be prepared under existing economic and operating conditions using a 12‑month average price with no provision for price and cost escalations in future years except by contractual arrangements. Our proved reserves are prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. ("CG&A"), a third-party independent reserve engineer.
We emphasize that reserve estimates are inherently imprecise. Accordingly, the estimates are expected to change as more current information becomes available. It is possible that, because of changes in market conditions or the inherent imprecision of these reserve estimates, the estimates of future cash inflows, future gross revenues, the amount of natural
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BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids reserves, the remaining estimated lives of the natural gas and crude oil properties, or any combination of the above may be increased or reduced. See Note 20—“Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited)” for further information.
Other Property and Equipment
Other property and equipment includes our sand mine, saltwater disposal wells, Burleson water assets, leasehold improvements, office furniture, automobiles, computer equipment, software, pipelines, office buildings and land. Other property and equipment is depreciated using a straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the remaining term of the lease and land is not depreciated or amortized.
Capitalized Interest
We capitalize interest costs to oil and gas properties on expenditures made in connection with certain projects such as drilling and completion of new oil and natural gas wells and major facility installations. Interest is capitalized only for the period that such activities are in progress. Interest is capitalized using a weighted average interest rate based on our outstanding borrowings. For the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded $5.9 million, $3.1 million and $0.1 million in capitalized interest, respectively.
Properties Acquired in Asset Acquisitions and Business Combinations
For asset acquisitions, the purchase price recorded at cost and is allocated to identifiable assets on a relative fair value basis. Therefore, we would need to determine the fair value of the assets at acquisition.
Assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are required to be recorded at fair value. If sufficient market data is not available, we determine the fair values of proved and unproved properties acquired in transactions accounted for as business combinations by preparing our own estimates of crude oil and natural gas reserves. To compensate for the inherent risk of estimating and valuing unproved reserves, discounted future net cash flows of probable and possible reserves are reduced by additional risk-weighting factors. See Note 3—“Acquisitions and Divestitures.”
Asset Retirement Obligations
We recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the estimated cost to plug and abandon our natural gas and crude oil wells and associated equipment. The liability and the associated increase in the related long-lived asset are recorded in the period in which the related assets are placed in service or acquired. The liability is accreted to its expected future cost each period and the capitalized cost is depleted using the units-of-production method of the related asset. The accretion expense is included in depreciation, depletion and amortization expense.
The fair value of the estimated cost is based on historical experience, managements' expertise and third-party proposals for plugging and abandoning wells. The estimated remaining lives of the wells is based on reserve life estimates and federal and state regulatory requirements. At the time the related long-lived asset is placed in service, the estimated cost is adjusted for inflation based on the remaining life, then discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate to determine the fair value.
Revisions to the liability could occur due to changes in estimates of plugging and abandonment costs, including non-operated plug and abandonment expense, changes in the remaining lives of the wells, or if federal or state regulators enact new plugging and abandonment requirements. At the time of abandonment, we recognize a gain or loss on abandonment to the extent that actual costs do not equal the estimated costs.
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BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Environmental Costs
As an owner or lessee and operator of oil and gas properties, we are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to discharge of materials into, and protection of, the environment. Environmental expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not have future economic benefit are expensed. Liabilities related to future costs are recorded on an undiscounted basis when environmental assessments and/or remediation activities are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Our revenues are derived through the sale of our hydrocarbon production, specifically the sale of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs. On January 1, 2018 the Company adopted ASC 606,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
and all the related amendments (“new revenue standard”) to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018 using the cumulative effect transition method. The cumulative effect of adopting the standard was recognized through an adjustment to opening accumulated earnings. The new revenue standard provides a five-step model to analyze contracts to determine when and how revenue is recognized. Central to the five-step model is the concept of control and the timing of the transfer of that control determines the timing of when revenue can be recognized. Control as defined in the standard is the “ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the asset.” We review our contracts through the five-step model at inception, and as any new contracts are executed or existing contracts are modified, to determine when to recognize revenue. We expect the overall impact to net income to be immaterial on an ongoing basis.
Previous periods have not been revised or adjusted and reflect the revenue standard in effect for those periods. Under the previous revenue recognition standard, revenues were recognized when the product was delivered at a fixed and determinable price, title transferred and collectability was reasonably assured and evidenced by a contract.
Crude oil sales contracts
We have performance obligations under our crude oil sales contracts to deliver barrels of oil, where each barrel of oil is considered to be its own performance obligation under the new revenue standard. Volumes are generally not predetermined and pricing for the crude oil is index-based, adjusted for location and other economic factors. We recognize revenue from the sale of our crude oil at a point in time, when we transfer control of the crude oil to our purchaser, which occurs when the oil passes through our facilities (typically a tank battery or our third-party contracted trucks) into our purchaser’s receiving equipment (typically a truck or their pipeline). Once the crude oil has been delivered, we have fulfilled our obligation and we no longer have the ability to direct the use of, or obtain any of the remaining benefits from that crude oil. Sales of crude oil are presented on the “Oil sales” line item of our statement of operations. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not result in any material changes to the accounting or presentation of oil sales.
Natural gas sales contracts
Our natural gas contracts stipulate that we deliver unprocessed natural gas to a contractually specified delivery point. Once the natural gas enters our customer’s facilities, it may be compressed, dehydrated, treated, separated into residue gas (predominately methane) and NGLs, or otherwise processed. For a majority of our natural gas sales contracts, the Company transfers control of the natural gas (which could include both residue gas and NGLs) to our customer upon delivery into their facilities and we recognize revenue at that point in time. Our performance obligation within these contracts is to deliver unprocessed natural gas. Once delivered, we have fulfilled our obligation and our customers have full control over the use, sale or disposition of the gas. Any charges assessed to us by our customer, including but not limited to gathering, processing, compression, treating and dehydration are considered to be a reduction to the transaction price because we did not receive a distinct good or service from the customer. Services are not deemed to be provided to us because the related activities occur after we transfer control of the gas to our customer. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard, these charges were reported within “Gathering, processing and transportation” expense in our statement of operations, while these costs are now being netted against revenues.
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BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
For the other portion of our natural gas sales contracts, our contracts are structured such that both the customer and the Company have shared contractual control over the natural gas. Contractual terms dictate that payment to us is based on actual extracted volumes of NGLs/residue gas. Further, the contracts stipulate that a portion of that processed gas is retained by our customer as compensation for their services, thereby incentivizing the customer to process our gas and operate their facilities efficiently in our best interest. Under these contracts, the value associated with the volumes our customer retains and any charges assessed by our customer are recognized on our “Gathering, processing and transportation” expense line item. This is because the gas is contractually controlled jointly by both us and our customer until our performance obligation is fulfilled at the tailgate of our customer’s plant (once processing has been completed). Our performance obligation under these contracts is to sell the extracted NGLs and residue gas. We recognize revenue at a point in time (at the plant tailgate) when we have fulfilled our performance obligation. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard, we did not recognize the volumes retained by our customer as an expense and we reported revenues net of the volumes they retained.
Residue gas contracts
In certain of the natural gas sales contracts discussed above, the residue gas separated during plant processing is not sold to the processor but is instead redelivered back to us at the tailgate of the plant. We directly market these volumes to third parties using index-based natural gas prices and utilize our pipeline capacity (under our transportation agreements) to deliver these volumes from the plant tailgate to market. Our performance obligation in our residue gas contracts is the delivery of residue gas. Control over residue gas transfers upon delivery, at which point we have fulfilled our performance obligation and can recognize revenue.
Performance obligations fulfilled in a prior period
We record revenue in the month oil or natural gas volumes are delivered to the customer, based on estimated production, prices and revenue deductions. Any variances between our estimates and the actual amounts received are generally recorded one month after delivery for operated oil sales, two months after delivery for operated natural gas and NGL sales and three months after delivery for non-operated oil, natural gas and NGL sales.
Disaggregation of revenue
The new revenue standard requires that we disaggregate revenue recognized from contracts with customers into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Our statement of operations disaggregates revenue to reflect pricing realities present in our contracts with our customers. The terms of our natural gas sales contracts stipulate that the pricing we receive for our unprocessed natural gas will be based on the volumes of lower value natural gas and higher value NGLs present in the unprocessed natural gas we deliver. Fees assessed by our customers (that reduce revenue) are allocated between gas and NGLs on a volumetric basis or based upon the nature of the fee.
Contributions in aid of construction
Certain of our contracts require us to make up-front payments to our customers to reimburse them for the cost of installing metering and custody transfer equipment or constructing pipelines from our wells to their facilities. These long-term assets are amortized over the period of the benefit and are presented as a reduction to natural gas and NGL revenue or as a gathering, processing and transportation expense. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard, these assets were recorded to our “Oil and gas properties” line item on the balance sheet and depleted using the units of production method. As depicted below, we adjusted the balance sheet and accumulated earnings for the cumulative effect of this accounting change.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue standard is as follows (in thousands):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
|
Adjustments for
|
|
At January 1,
|
|
|
2017
|
|
ASC 606
|
|
2018
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas properties
|
|
$
|
2,999,728
|
|
$
|
(4,041)
|
|
$
|
2,995,687
|
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
(368,245)
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
(367,874)
|
Other non-current assets
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,978
|
|
|
3,978
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
$
|
71,470
|
|
$
|
67
|
|
$
|
71,537
|
Stockholders’ Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated earnings (deficit)
|
|
$
|
25,773
|
|
$
|
243
|
|
$
|
26,016
|
Other topics
Production Imbalances
- We recognize revenues from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs using the sales method of accounting, whereby revenue is recorded based on our share of volume sold, regardless of whether we have taken our proportional share of volume produced. These differences result in gas imbalances. We record a liability to the extent there are not sufficient reserves to cover an over delivered gas imbalance. No receivables are recorded for those wells on which the Company has taken less than its proportionate share of production.
Contract assets
- The new revenue standard requires certain disclosure around contract assets. Contract assets are rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. We have an unconditional right to payment upon completion of our performance obligations and have therefore recorded no contract assets as of December 31, 2018.
Unsatisfied performance obligations
- We have no unsatisfied performance obligations under our contracts. The majority of our contracts do not have stated volumes and we consider our performance obligations to be satisfied upon transfer of control of the commodity. In our remaining contracts where we are obligated to deliver a stated volume, all volumes are delivered in the period and we do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations under those contracts at the end of a period.
Other Income
- During the period, we owned the Oakfield gathering system, substantial fresh water supply and storage, a saltwater disposal well and several compressors. Though the Oakfield gathering system, saltwater disposal well and compressors were sold to Tanos Energy Holdings III, LLC (“Tanos”) as part of the NLA Divestiture (see Note 3
-
"Acquisitions and Divestitures"), these assets were used during the period in the operations of our wells. Non-operators who own a portion of our wells are billed for the use of these assets, utilizing rates based on industry-accepted joint interest accounting rules and market conditions. We report income from this source as “Other income” on our statement of operations in accordance with accounting guidance on collaborative arrangements. Operating expenses related to these activities are recorded to the “Other operating (income) expense” line item on the statement of operations. Prior to the adoption of the new revenue standard, income net of expenses from saltwater disposal wells and compressors were recorded within lease operating expense and income net of expenses for the Burleson water supply and storage assets were recorded within other income.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our consolidated income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows was as follows (in thousands):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
|
|
|
As Reported
|
|
Without ASC 606
|
|
Increase/-
|
|
|
Under ASC 606
|
|
Adoption
|
|
Decrease
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil sales
|
|
$
|
843,244
|
|
$
|
843,329
|
|
$
|
(85)
|
Natural gas sales
|
|
|
60,129
|
|
|
64,896
|
|
|
(4,767)
|
NGL sales
|
|
|
41,961
|
|
|
51,052
|
|
|
(9,091)
|
Other Income
|
|
|
2,052
|
|
|
1,861
|
|
|
191
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expenses
|
|
|
61,620
|
|
|
63,043
|
|
|
(1,423)
|
Gathering, processing and transportation
|
|
|
9,856
|
|
|
22,703
|
|
|
(12,847)
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
296,685
|
|
|
297,295
|
|
|
(610)
|
Other operating expense
|
|
|
1,064
|
|
|
459
|
|
|
605
|
Income before income taxes
|
|
|
186,704
|
|
|
186,180
|
|
|
524
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
(40,196)
|
|
|
(40,083)
|
|
|
(113)
|
Net income
|
|
|
146,508
|
|
|
146,097
|
|
|
411
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2018
|
|
|
As Reported
|
|
Without ASC 606
|
|
Increase/-
|
|
|
Under ASC 606
|
|
Adoption
|
|
Decrease
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas properties
|
|
$
|
3,457,897
|
|
$
|
3,463,857
|
|
$
|
(5,960)
|
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
(518,054)
|
|
|
(519,035)
|
|
|
981
|
Other non-current assets
|
|
|
17,250
|
|
|
11,439
|
|
|
5,811
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
112,731
|
|
|
112,551
|
|
|
180
|
Stockholders' Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated earnings
|
|
|
136,773
|
|
|
137,785
|
|
|
(1,012)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
|
|
|
As Reported
|
|
Without ASC 606
|
|
Increase/-
|
|
|
Under ASC 606
|
|
Adoption
|
|
Decrease
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
146,508
|
|
$
|
146,097
|
|
$
|
411
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
|
|
|
296,685
|
|
|
297,295
|
|
|
(610)
|
Deferred income tax expense
|
|
|
41,193
|
|
|
41,080
|
|
|
113
|
Consideration paid to customers, net of amortization
|
|
|
(1,817)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(1,817)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to oil and gas properties
|
|
|
(1,051,891)
|
|
|
(1,053,811)
|
|
|
1,920
|
Incentive Units
For details regarding incentive units, please see “Note 14. Incentive Units.”
Accounts Receivable
We grant credit to creditworthy independent and major natural gas and crude oil marketing companies for the sale of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. In addition, we grant credit to our oil and gas working interest partners.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Receivables from our working interest partners are generally secured by the underlying ownership interests in the properties.
Accounts receivable balances primarily relate to joint interest billings and oil and gas sales, net of our interest. The accounts receivable balance generally includes one month of accrued revenues for operated oil properties, two months of accrued revenues for operated natural gas properties and three months of accrued revenues for non-operated properties net of any collections related to those periods. The accounts receivable balance also includes other miscellaneous balances.
Accounts receivable are recorded at the amount we expect to collect. We use the specific identification method of providing allowances for doubtful accounts. We recorded a provision for uncollectible accounts of $0.2 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Derivative Instruments
We periodically enter into derivative contracts to manage our exposure to commodity price risk. These derivative contracts, which are placed with major financial institutions that we believe have minimal credit risks, take the form of variable to fixed price commodity swaps, basis swaps, collars and deferred purchased puts. The natural gas reference price, upon which the commodity derivative contracts are based, reflects market indices that have a high degree of historical correlation with actual prices received for natural gas sales.
All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Derivative instruments are netted when the right to net exists under a master netting agreement, future liabilities and assets correspond to the same commodity type and future cash flows have the same balance sheet current or non-current classification. Changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from our oil, gas and natural gas liquids derivatives are recorded as a component of “Other income (expense)” on our Statements of Consolidated and Combined Operations. We compute the fair value of the unrealized gains and losses of our derivative instruments using forward prices and dealer quotes provided by a third party.
For our forward commodity contracts that meet the definition of a derivative, we have elected the normal purchases and normal sales scope exclusion, because we believe it is probable that physical delivery of the product will occur under the contract and we do not intend on net settling the contract. Therefore, all activity under these contracts was recorded as revenue in our consolidated financial statements.
See Note 5—“Risk Management and Derivative and Other Financial Instruments” for additional information regarding our derivative instruments.
Corporate Lease Expenses
We record escalating lease expenses for our corporate office over the life of the lease on a straight-line basis.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements, including arrangements with no outstanding borrowings, are classified as an asset, and amortized over the term of the arrangements. Debt issuance costs related to term loans and senior notes are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability and amortized over the term of the associated debt using the effective yield method.
Fair Value Measurements
Accounting guidance for fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. We use Level 1 inputs when available as Level 1 inputs generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value. See Note 4—“Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments.”
Income Taxes
We are a corporation subject to federal and certain state income taxes. Prior to our initial public offering, we were primarily organized as pass-through entities for federal income tax purposes and were not subject to federal income taxes.
We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of (1) temporary differences between the tax basis in assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements and (2) operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are based on enacted tax rates applicable to the future period when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred tax assets will not be realized. We recognize interest and penalties accrued to unrecognized tax benefits in Other income (expense) in our Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations.
We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recorded is equal to the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized through effective settlement with a taxing authority.
Commitments and Contingencies
Accruals for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, environmental and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or circumstances change.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow for the periods presented (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Supplemental cash flows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest
|
|
$
|
48,717
|
|
$
|
12,246
|
|
$
|
7,152
|
Noncash investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in capital expenditures in accounts payables and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(82,358)
|
|
|
134,589
|
|
|
(4,492)
|
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable related to capital expenditures and acquisitions
|
|
|
(1,247)
|
|
|
(847)
|
|
|
(5,175)
|
Due to Hurricane Harvey, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) granted relief to affected taxpayers by allowing taxpayers to defer the deadline for tax return filings and payment of estimated taxes to January 31, 2018. The Company paid $2.3 million related to its 2017 estimated alternative minimum tax to the IRS on January 31, 2018.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
New Accounting Standards
Definition of a Business
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued an accounting standards update to clarify the definition of a business. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The amendments are intended to help companies and other organizations evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows – Restricted Cash a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force
In November 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to clarify the guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The changes in restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents that result from the transfers between cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should not be presented as cash flow activities in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance requires transition under a retrospective approach for each period presented. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments
In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to address eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the current and potential future diversity in practice. The new guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The new guidance requires transition under a retrospective approach for each period presented. If it is impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the issues, the amendments for those issues would be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued a revision to its lease accounting guidance. The FASB retained a dual model, which requires classification of leases as finance or operating. The classification is based on criteria that are similar to the current lease accounting guidance. The revised guidance requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leasing transactions regardless of classification. The new standard is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. In July 2018, the FASB issued targeted improvements to the new leasing standard, which now allows entities the option to use the January 1, 2019 effective date as the date of initial application (“the effective date method”). As a result, comparative periods will not require adjustment because only contracts existing as of January 1, 2019 are within the scope of the new standard. The Company adopted the standard using the effective date method on January 1, 2019.
Further, the new standard allows lessees to adopt a package of practical expedients upon transition to the new standard, whereby contracts existing as of January 1, 2019 will not require reassessment under the new definition of a lease or new lease classification criteria. Therefore, a contract existing on January 1, 2019 that did not meet the definition of a lease under the old standard, will not be accounted for or reported as a lease under the new standard. Effectively, the current identification and classification will remain for those leases (under the new standard) unless those leases are modified or require reassessment under the new standard.
The Company has made this accounting policy election beginning January 1, 2019
.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
For leases with a term of 12 months or less (i.e. a short-term lease), a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it should generally recognize lease expense for such leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and short-term lease costs must be disclosed for each period.
The Company has made this accounting policy election for all classes of assets beginning January 1, 2019
.
The new standard provides a scope exclusion for the rights to use land easements related to oil and gas activities, for which many of our land easement will qualify. Additionally, the standard allows a practical expedient not to reassess whether land easements existing on January 1, 2019 meet the definition of a lease under the new standard if they were not accounted for as leases under the current standard.
The Company has made this accounting policy election beginning January 1, 2019.
The Company is a lessee under various agreements for office space, compressors and other equipment. Though we are finalizing the implementation of certain processes to monitor and track all lease information, we anticipate leases as recognized under the new standard will create right-of-use assets and initial lease liabilities between $35 million and $65 million on our consolidated balance sheet.
Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures
We account for third-party acquisitions under the acquisition method. The assets acquired and the liabilities assumed have been measured at fair value based on various estimates. These estimates are based on key assumptions related to the business combination, including reviews of publicly disclosed information for other acquisitions in the industry, historical experience of the companies, data that was available through the public domain and due diligence reviews of the acquired businesses. Acquisition-related transaction costs and acquisition-related restructuring charges are not included as components of consideration transferred but are accounted for as expenses in the period in which the costs are incurred.
Acquisition-related costs
Acquisition-related costs are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations for the periods indicated below (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
$
|
1,117
|
|
$
|
4,348
|
|
$
|
553
|
2018 Acquisitions
Eagle Ford Shale Acquisitions.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we closed on multiple transactions to acquire certain acreage and associated production from third parties for approximately $53.8 million. These transactions were accounted for as asset acquisitions since substantially all the fair value was concentrated in a group of similar assets. As such, an additional $1.5 million of acquisition costs were capitalized as part of these acquisitions. We assigned $48.0 million to unproved oil and natural gas properties.
Sand Mine Acquisition.
On January 4, 2018, Burleson Sand acquired surface and sand rights on approximately 727 acres in Burleson County, Texas for approximately $9.0 million to construct and operate an in-field sand mine. Our capitalized sand assets were $66.1 million at December 31, 2018.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
2017 Acquisitions
The Acquisition.
On May 10, 2017, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary, WHR EF, entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “First Acquisition Agreement”) by and among WHR EF, as purchaser, and APC and KKR (together with APC, the “First Sellers”), as sellers, to acquire certain acreage and associated production in Burleson, Brazos, Lee, Milam, Robertson and Washington Counties, Texas (the “Purchase”). Also on May 10, 2017, WHR EF entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (together, with the First Acquisition Agreement, the “Acquisition Agreements”), by and among WHR EF, as purchaser, and APC and Anadarko Energy Services Company (together, with APC, the “APC Subs” and, together with the First Sellers, the “Sellers”), as sellers, to acquire certain acreage and associated production in Burleson, Brazos, Lee, Milam, Robertson and Washington Counties, Texas (together, with the Purchase, the “Acquisition”).
O
n June 30, 2017, we completed the Acquisition. The aggregate purchase price for the Acquisition, as described in the Acquisition Agreements, consisted of an aggregate of approximately $533.6 million of cash to the APC Subs and approximately 5.5 million shares of our common stock valued at approximately $60.8 million to KKR (collectively, the “Adjusted Purchase Price”). The common stock portion of the Adjusted Purchase Price payable to KKR was issued pursuant to a Stock Issuance Agreement that was executed on May 10, 2017, by and among us and KKR. For the year ended December 31, 2017, revenues of $42.6 million were recorded in the statement of operations, which generated $11.1 million of income subsequent to the closing date.
The following table summarizes the fair value assessment of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing of the Acquisition (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
Consideration
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
533,002
|
Common stock
|
|
|
60,754
|
Total consideration
|
|
$
|
593,756
|
|
|
|
|
Final Purchase Price Allocation
|
|
|
|
Proved oil and gas properties
|
|
$
|
264,467
|
Unproved oil and gas properties
|
|
|
333,778
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
60
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
(2,500)
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(2,049)
|
Total identifiable net assets
|
|
$
|
593,756
|
Supplemental Pro forma Information.
The following unaudited pro forma combined results of operations are provided for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 as though the Acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts). The unaudited pro forma financial information was derived from the historical combined statements of operations of the predecessor and previous owners and adjusted to include: (i) the revenues and direct operating expenses associated with oil and natural gas properties acquired, (ii) depletion expense applied to the adjusted basis of the properties acquired and (iii) interest expense on additional borrowings necessary to finance the Acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of results of
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
operations that would have occurred had the Acquisition occurred on the basis assumed above, nor is such information indicative of expected future results of operations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
475,396
|
|
$
|
226,502
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
71,287
|
|
$
|
(11,290)
|
|
|
Earnings per share (basic and diluted)
|
|
$
|
0.51
|
|
$
|
(0.10)
|
|
|
Burleson 2017 Acquisitions.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we closed on multiple transactions to acquire oil and natural gas producing and non-producing properties from third parties in Burleson County, Texas for approximately $19.7 million, of which $11.6 million was allocated to unproved oil and natural gas properties.
2016 Acquisitions
Burleson North Acquisition
. On December 19, 2016, in connection with our initial public offering, we completed an acquisition of approximately 158,000 net acres of oil and natural gas properties adjacent to our existing Eagle Ford Acreage (the “Burleson North Acquisition”). Funds wired on December 19, 2016 were $389.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we received a post-closing receipt of $3.9 million. We allocated $162.9 million of the purchase price to unproved oil and natural gas properties. For the year ended December 31, 2016, revenues of $2.0 million were recorded in the statement of operations and generated a loss of approximately $0.4 million subsequent to the closing date.
The following table summarizes the fair value assessment of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date after customary post-closing adjustments (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase Price
|
Oil and gas properties
|
|
$
|
395,591
|
Other property and equipment
|
|
|
478
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
1,257
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(1,816)
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
(3,101)
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(6,503)
|
Total identifiable net assets
|
|
$
|
385,906
|
Rosewood Acquisition.
On December 19, 2016, we acquired from certain third parties approximately 7,500 net acres, consisting primarily of additional working interests in our Eagle Ford Acreage in Lee County (the “Rosewood Acquisition”). The closing of the acquisition occurred contemporaneously with the closing of our initial public offering, and we issued 1,308,427 shares to such third parties as consideration. We allocated $18.3 million of the purchase price to unproved oil and natural gas properties with the remainder allocated to proved oil and natural gas properties.
November Acquisition.
On November 8, 2016, Esquisto acquired from certain third parties approximately 4,900 net acres and nine producing wells in Burleson County for approximately $30.0 million (the “November Acquisition”), of which $29.4 million of the purchase price was allocated to unproved oil and natural gas properties with the remainder allocated to proved oil and natural gas properties.
The following table summarizes the fair value assessment of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date for the November Acquisition and Rosewood Acquisition (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rosewood
Acquisition
|
|
November
Acquisition
|
Oil and gas properties
|
$
|
19,626
|
$
|
29,973
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The following unaudited pro forma combined results of operations are provided for the years ended December 31, 2016 as though the Burleson North Acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2015. The unaudited pro forma financial information was derived from the historical combined statements of operations of the Company, the predecessor and previous owners and adjusted to include: (i) the revenues and direct operating expenses associated with oil and gas properties acquired and (ii) depletion expense applied to the adjusted basis of the properties acquired. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of results of operations that would have occurred had the transaction occurred on the basis assumed above, nor is such information indicative of expected future results of operations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2016
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
176,082
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(34,894)
|
Basic and diluted earnings per unit
|
|
|
n/a
|
2018 Divestiture
On February 12, 2018, WHR II entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Tanos for the sale of all of our producing and non-producing oil and natural gas properties, including Oakfield, primarily located in Webster, Claiborne, Lincoln, Jackson and Ouachita Parishes, Louisiana (“NLA Assets”). On March 29, 2018, we completed the sale of the NLA Assets for a total net sales price of approximately $206.4 million, including final purchase price adjustments of $4.8 million, the final sales price of $211.2 million has been fully collected at December 31, 2018. The Company has paid $3.8 million in expenses related to the divestiture and has received $0.4 million in contingent payments from Tanos.
In addition, the Company could receive contingent payments of up to $35.0 million, based on the number of wells spud on such properties over the next three years. Our contingent consideration arrangement is not recognized as a derivative under the guidance and, accordingly, we have made an accounting policy election to record the contingent consideration when it is deemed to be realizable. We received $0.4 million in contingent payments from Tanos.
Our NLA Assets were deemed to meet held-for-sale accounting criteria as of February 12, 2018, at which point we ceased recording depletion and depreciation. Based on the Company’s sale proceeds after customary preliminary purchase price adjustments, we recorded an impairment charge of $214.3 million during the first quarter of 2018 to adjust the carrying amount of the disposal group (“NLA Disposal Group”) to its estimated fair value less costs to sell. The impairment is reflected on our Unaudited Statements of Condensed Consolidated Operations as “Impairment of NLA Disposal Group.” For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the NLA Disposal Group had pre-tax losses of $202.7 million and $5.9 million, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized a gain of $2.8 million. We received a $4.8 million final settlement payment from Tanos in October 2018. We provided Tanos with transitional accounting and land services during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and recognized $0.9 million of fees as a reduction to our general and administrative expenses.
Note 4. Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at a specified measurement date. Fair value estimates are based on either (i) actual market data or (ii) assumptions that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including estimates of risk. A three-tier hierarchy has been established that classifies fair value amounts recognized or disclosed in the financial statements. The hierarchy considers fair value amounts based on observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) to be more reliable
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
and predictable than those based primarily on unobservable inputs (Level 3). The characteristics of fair value amounts classified within each level of the hierarchy are described as follows:
Level 1 —
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. An active market is one in which transactions for the assets or liabilities occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 —
Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Substantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the derivative instrument, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, all of the derivative instruments reflected on the accompanying balance sheets were considered Level 2.
Level 3 —
Measure based on prices or valuation models that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and are less observable from objective sources (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivables, accounts payables (including accrued liabilities) and amounts outstanding under long-term debt agreements with variable rates included in the accompanying balance sheets approximated fair value at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The fair value estimates are based upon observable market data and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. These assets and liabilities are not presented in the following tables.
The fair market values of the derivative financial instruments reflected on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were based on estimated forward commodity prices (including nonperformance risk). Nonperformance risk is the risk that the obligation related to the derivative instrument will not be fulfilled. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.
The following table presents the derivative assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018 and 2017 for each of the fair value hierarchy levels:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
|
|
|
Quoted Prices
in Active
Market
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
72,710
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
72,710
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
508
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
508
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
|
|
|
Quoted Prices
in Active
Market
(Level 1)
|
|
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
|
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
2,422
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
2,422
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity derivatives
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
76,750
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
76,750
|
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets and liabilities are reported at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as reflected on the balance sheets. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair values:
|
·
|
|
The initial fair value of asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) is based on discounted cash flow projections using numerous estimates, assumptions, and judgments regarding such factors as the existence of a legal obligation for an ARO; amounts and timing of settlements; the credit-adjusted risk-free rate; and inflation rates.
The initial fair value estimates are based on unobservable market data and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
See “Note 8—Asset Retirement Obligations” for a summary of changes in AROs.
|
|
·
|
|
If sufficient market data is not available, the determination of the fair values of proved and unproved properties acquired in transactions accounted for as business combinations are prepared by utilizing estimates of discounted cash flow projections. The factors to determine fair value include, but are not limited to, estimates of: (i) economic reserves; (ii) future operating and development costs; (iii) future commodity prices; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital. To compensate for the inherent risk of estimating and valuing unproved properties, the discounted future net revenues of probable and possible reserves are reduced by additional risk-weighting factors. The fair value of supporting equipment, such as plant assets, acquired in transactions accounted for as business combinations are commonly estimated using the depreciated replacement cost approach.
|
|
·
|
|
Proved oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment when events and circumstances indicate the carrying value of such properties may not be recoverable. The factors used to determine fair value include, but are not limited to, estimates of proved reserves, future commodity prices, the timing of future production and capital expenditures and a discount rate commensurate with the risk reflective of the lives remaining for the respective oil and gas properties. We did not record impairments on proved properties for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
|
|
·
|
|
Unproved oil and natural gas properties and other assets are reviewed for impairment based on passage of time or geologic factors. Information such as remaining lease terms, drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or future plans to develop acreage is also considered. When unproved properties are deemed to be impaired, the expense is recorded as a component of exploration expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded $10.5 million, $20.8 million and $3.1 million of impairments of unproved properties, respectively.
|
|
·
|
|
We recorded an impairment associated with the NLA Assets during the first quarter of 2018. See Note 3—“Acquisitions and Divestitures” for additional information.
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Note 5. Risk Management and Derivative and Other Financial Instruments
We have entered into certain derivative arrangements with respect to portions of our oil and natural gas production to reduce our sensitivity to volatile commodity prices. None of our derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges. We believe that these derivative arrangements, although not free of risk, allow us to achieve more predictable cash flows and to reduce exposure to commodity price fluctuations. However, derivative arrangements limit the benefit of increases in the prices of oil and natural gas sales. Moreover, our derivative arrangements apply only to a portion of our production and provide only partial protection against declines in commodity prices. Such arrangements may expose us to risk of financial loss in certain circumstances. We continuously reevaluate our risk management program in light of changes in production, market conditions, commodity price forecasts, capital spending, interest rate forecasts and debt service requirements.
Commodity Derivatives
We have, historically, used fixed price commodity swaps, basis swaps, collars and deferred purchased puts to accomplish our hedging strategy. Through our basis swap instruments, we receive a fixed price differential and pay a variable price differential to the contract counterparty. Collars consist of a sold call and a purchased put that establish a ceiling and floor price for expected future oil and natural gas sales. We recognize all derivative instruments at fair value; however, certain of our derivative instruments have a deferred premium. The deferred premium is factored into the fair value measurement and where the Company agrees to defer the premium paid or received until the time of settlement. Cash received on settled derivative positions during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is net of deferred premiums of $9.3 million and $6.3 million, respectively.
Derivative instruments are netted when the right to net exists under a master netting agreement, future liabilities and assets correspond to the same commodity type and future cash flows have the same balance sheet current or non-current classification. We have exposure to financial institutions in the form of derivative transactions. These transactions are with counterparties in the financial services industry, certain of which are also lenders under the Credit Agreement, which could expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparties. We have master netting agreements for our derivative transactions with our counterparties and although we do not require collateral, we believe our counterparty risk is low because of the credit worthiness of our counterparties. Master netting agreements are used to mitigate risk of loss due to default with counterparties on derivative instruments by providing us and each of our counterparties with rights of set-off upon the occurrence of defined acts of default by either us or our counterparty to a derivative or other financial instrument, whereby the party not in default may set-off all liabilities owed to the defaulting party against all net derivative and other financial asset receivables from the defaulting party. At December 31, 2018 we had net derivative assets of $72.2 million. Had certain counterparties failed completely to perform according to the terms of existing contracts, we would have the right to offset $72.2 million against amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility, thereby eliminating any credit exposure.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The following derivative contracts were in place at December 31, 2018:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Crude Oil Derivative Contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed price swap contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volume (Bbls)
|
|
|
6,652,369
|
|
|
4,511,681
|
Weighted-average fixed price
|
|
$
|
54.45
|
|
$
|
53.49
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Put options:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volume (Bbls)
|
|
|
1,749,757
|
|
|
—
|
Weighted-average floor price
|
|
$
|
53.83
|
|
$
|
—
|
Weighted-average put premium
|
|
$
|
(5.43)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas Derivative Contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed price swap contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volume (MMBtu)
|
|
|
6,425,146
|
|
|
4,846,020
|
Weighted-average fixed price
|
|
$
|
2.79
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
Balance Sheet Presentation
The following table summarizes both: (i) the gross fair value of derivative instruments by the appropriate balance sheet classification even when the derivative instruments are subject to netting arrangements and qualify for net presentation in the balance sheet and (ii) the net recorded fair value as reflected on the balance sheet at December 31, 2018 and 2017. There was no cash collateral received or pledged associated with our derivative instruments since the counterparties to our derivative contracts are lenders under our collective credit agreements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset Derivatives
|
|
Liability Derivatives
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Type
|
Balance Sheet Location
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Commodity contracts
|
Short-term derivative instruments
|
|
$
|
54,131
|
|
$
|
2,336
|
|
$
|
508
|
|
$
|
58,074
|
Netting arrangements
|
Short-term derivative instruments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Net recorded fair value
|
|
|
$
|
54,131
|
|
$
|
2,336
|
|
$
|
508
|
|
$
|
58,074
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity contacts
|
Long-term derivative instruments
|
|
$
|
18,579
|
|
$
|
86
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
18,676
|
Netting arrangements
|
Long-term derivative instruments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Net recorded fair value
|
|
|
$
|
18,579
|
|
$
|
86
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
18,676
|
Gains & (Losses) on Derivatives
All gains and losses, including changes in the derivative instruments' fair values, are included as a component of “Other income (expense)” in the Statements of Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table details the gains and losses related to derivative instruments for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statements of
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
Operations Location
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Commodity derivative contracts
|
|
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments
|
|
$
|
35,393
|
|
$
|
(55,483)
|
|
$
|
(26,771)
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Note 6. Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Oil, gas and NGL sales
|
|
$
|
70,900
|
|
$
|
67,584
|
Joint interest billings
|
|
|
17,491
|
|
|
9,467
|
Severance tax
|
|
|
1,352
|
|
|
171
|
Derivative receivable
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
—
|
North Louisiana Settlement receivable
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
5,955
|
Environmental remediation
|
|
|
1,511
|
|
|
—
|
Other current receivables
|
|
|
196
|
|
|
1,026
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
|
|
(200)
|
|
|
(100)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
91,558
|
|
$
|
84,103
|
The following table presents our allowance for doubtful accounts activity for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
$
|
50
|
Charged to costs and expenses
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
50
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
200
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
$
|
100
|
Note 7. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
$
|
80,897
|
|
$
|
162,260
|
Preferred stock cash dividends
|
|
|
4,479
|
|
|
—
|
Deferred rent
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
410
|
Lease operating expense
|
|
|
6,604
|
|
|
5,796
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
4,335
|
|
|
1,642
|
Severance and ad valorem taxes
|
|
|
5,283
|
|
|
3,463
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
20,122
|
|
|
17,177
|
Derivative payable
|
|
|
1,746
|
|
|
5,281
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
991
|
Other accrued liabilities
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
|
2,932
|
Total
|
|
$
|
124,633
|
|
$
|
199,952
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Note 8. Asset Retirement Obligations
The following table presents the changes in the asset retirement obligations for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Asset retirement obligations at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
14,557
|
|
$
|
11,033
|
Accretion expense
|
|
|
573
|
|
|
713
|
Liabilities incurred
|
|
|
743
|
|
|
3,137
|
Liabilities settled
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Revisions
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
(326)
|
Disposition of wells and gathering system
|
|
|
(7,627)
|
|
|
—
|
Asset retirement obligations at end of period
|
|
|
8,316
|
|
|
14,557
|
Less: current portion
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
90
|
Asset retirement obligations – long-term
|
|
$
|
8,226
|
|
$
|
14,467
|
Note 9. Long Term Debt
Our debt obligations consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
Debt Obligation
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
WRD revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
504,000
|
|
$
|
286,353
|
2025 Senior Notes (as defined below) (1)
|
|
|
700,000
|
|
|
500,000
|
Unamortized net discounts - 2025 Senior Notes
|
|
|
(782)
|
|
|
(4,914)
|
Unamortized debt issuance costs - 2025 Senior Notes
|
|
|
(11,842)
|
|
|
(10,843)
|
Total long-term debt
|
|
$
|
1,191,376
|
|
$
|
770,596
|
|
(1)
|
|
The estimated fair value of this fixed-rate debt was $661.5 million and $511.3 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices and is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
|
Borrowing Base
Credit facilities tied to borrowing base are common throughout the oil and natural gas industry. Our borrowing base is subject to redetermination, on at least a semi-annual basis, primarily based on estimated proved reserves. The borrowing base for our revolving credit facility was the following at the date indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
Credit Facility
|
|
2018
|
WRD revolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
1,300,000
|
Revolving Credit Facility
On December 19, 2016 after the closing of our initial public offering, we, as borrower, and certain of our current and future subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a five-year, $1.0 billion senior secured revolving credit facility, which had an initial borrowing base of $450.0 million but was automatically reduced to $362.5 million in connection with the consummation of our 2025 Senior Notes (defined below) offering on February 1, 2017.
On June 30, 2017, the Company, each of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), Wells Fargo Bank National Association, as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and the lenders party thereto entered into a Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) dated as of December 19, 2016,
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
among the Company, the Administrative Agent and the other agents and lenders party thereto (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”).
The Second Amendment, among other things, modified the Credit Agreement to (i) permit the Company to enter into the Acquisition, and the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, and perform its obligations under and in connection therewith, including the issuance of the Preferred Stock (see Note 10-
"Preferred Stock"), (ii) increase the Company's borrowing base and elected commitment amount from $450 million to $650 million, (iii) increase the annual cap on certain restricted payments from $50 million to $75 million, and (iv) modify the definition of net debt so that certain contingent obligations, accounts payable, obligations to make deliveries in respect of advance payments, take or pay obligations, disqualified capital stock and obligations in respect of production payments are excluded from net debt for purposes of the Company's leverage covenant.
On October 4, 2017, the Company, each of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), the Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto entered into a Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”). The Third Amendment, among other things, modified the Credit Agreement to (i) increase the aggregate maximum credit amount to $2.0 billion from $1.0 billion, (ii) increase the borrowing base from $612.5 million to $875.0 million and (iii) add additional lenders.
On March 23, 2018, the Company, each of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), the Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”). The Fourth Amendment, among other things, modified the Credit Agreement to increase the borrowing base from $875.0 million to $1.05 billion.
On October 15, 2018, the Company, each of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (each as a guarantor), the Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto entered into a Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”). The Fifth Amendment, among other things, (i) modified the Credit Agreement to increase the borrowing base from $1.05 billion to $1.30 billion and (ii) decreased the pricing grid by 25 basis points across the grid as seen in the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowing Base Utilization
|
|
LIBOR Margin
|
|
Base Rate Margin
|
|
Commitment Fee
|
>= 90%
|
|
250.0 bps
|
|
150.0 bps
|
|
50.0 bps
|
>= 75%; < 90%
|
|
225.0 bps
|
|
125.0 bps
|
|
50.0 bps
|
>=50%; < 75%
|
|
200.0 bps
|
|
100.0 bps
|
|
50.0 bps
|
>= 25%; < 50%
|
|
175.0 bps
|
|
75.0 bps
|
|
37.5 bps
|
< 25%
|
|
150.0 bps
|
|
50.0 bps
|
|
37.5 bps
|
Our revolving credit facility is reserve-based, and thus our borrowing base is primarily based on the estimated value of our oil and natural gas properties and our commodity derivative contracts as determined by our lenders in their sole discretion consistent with their normal and customary oil and gas lending practices semi-annually (in the case of scheduled redeterminations), from time to time at our election in connection with material acquisitions, or no more frequently than twice in any fiscal year at the request of the required lenders or us (in the case of interim redeterminations), in each case based on engineering reports with respect to our estimated oil, NGL and natural gas reserves, and our commodity derivative contracts. Unanimous approval by the lenders is required for any increase to the borrowing base pursuant to a redetermination, while only required lender approval is required to maintain or decrease the borrowing base pursuant to a redetermination. The borrowing base may also automatically decrease upon the issuance of certain debt, including senior notes, the sale or other disposition of certain assets and the early termination of certain swap agreements. In the future, we may be unable to access sufficient capital under the Credit Agreement as a result of (i) a decrease in our borrowing base due to a borrowing base redetermination or (ii) an unwillingness or inability on the part of our lenders to meet their funding obligations.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
A decline in commodity prices could result in a redetermination that lowers our borrowing base and, in such case, we could be required to repay any indebtedness in excess of the borrowing base, or we could be required to pledge other oil and natural gas properties as additional collateral. If a redetermination of our borrowing base results in our borrowing base being less than our aggregate elected commitments, our aggregate elected commitments will be automatically reduced to the amount of such reduced borrowing base. We do not anticipate having any substantial unpledged properties, and we may not have the financial resources in the future to make any mandatory principal prepayments required under the Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under our revolving credit facility are secured by liens on substantially all of our properties, but in any event, not less than 85% (or 75% with respect to certain properties prior to February 2, 2017) of the total value, as determined by the administrative agent, of the proved reserves attributable to our oil and natural gas properties using a discount rate of 9%, all of our equity interests in any future guarantor subsidiaries and all of our other assets including personal property but excluding equity interests in and assets of unrestricted subsidiaries.
Additionally, borrowings under our revolving credit facility will bear interest, at our option, at either: (i) the Alternate Base Rate, which is based on the greatest of (x) the prime rate as determined by the Administrative Agent, (y) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (z) the adjusted LIBOR for a one month interest period plus 1.0%, in each case, plus a margin that varies per annum according to the total commitments usage (which is the ratio of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit to the least of the total commitments, the borrowing base and the aggregate elected commitments then in effect), (ii) the adjusted LIBOR plus a margin that varies per annum according to the total commitment usage or (iii) the applicable LIBOR market index rate plus a margin that varies per annum according to the total commitment usage. The unused portion of the total commitments are subject to a commitment fee that varies per annum according to our total commitments usage.
The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain (x) a ratio of total debt to EBITDAX (as defined under our revolving credit facility) of not more than 4.00 to 1.00 and (y) a ratio of current assets (including availability under the facility) to current liabilities of not less than 1.00 to 1.00.
Additionally, the Credit Agreement contains various covenants and restrictive provisions that, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional debt, guarantees or liens; consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our assets; make certain investments, acquisitions or other restricted payments; modify certain material agreements; engage in certain types of transactions with affiliates; dispose of assets; incur commodity hedges exceeding a certain percentage of our production; and prepay certain indebtedness.
Events of default under the Credit Agreement will include, but are not limited to, failure to make payments when due, breach of any covenant continuing beyond any applicable cure period, default under any other material debt, change of control, bankruptcy or other insolvency event and certain material adverse effects on our business.
If we fail to perform our obligations under these and other covenants, the revolving credit commitments may be terminated and any outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Agreement, together with accrued interest, fees and other obligations under the Credit Agreement, could be declared immediately due and payable.
2025 Senior Notes
On February 1, 2017, we completed a private placement of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.875% senior unsecured notes due 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”). The 2025 Senior Notes were issued at a price of 99.244% of par and resulted in net proceeds of approximately $338.6 million. On September 19, 2017, we completed a private placement of $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes issued at 98.26% of par, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $144.7 million. Additionally, on April 20, 2018, we completed a private placement of $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 2025 Senior Notes (the “April Notes”) issued at 102.00% of par, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $201.0 million.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The notes issued in September 2017 and April 2018 are treated as a single class of debt securities with the 2025 Senior Notes issued in February 2017. The 2025 Senior Notes will mature on February 1, 2025 and interest is payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2025 Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all of our existing and certain future subsidiaries (subject to customary release provisions). We have no material assets or operations that are independent of our existing subsidiaries. There are no restrictions on the ability of the Company to obtain funds from its subsidiaries through dividends or loans. The net proceeds from each of the February 2017, September 2017 and April 2018 offerings of the 2025 Senior Notes were used to repay borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility and for general corporate purposes.
The indenture governing the 2025 Senior Notes (the "2025 Indenture") contains customary reporting covenants (including furnishing quarterly and annual reports to the holders of the 2025 Senior Notes) and restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends on, purchase or redeem the Company's equity interests or purchase or redeem subordinated debt; (ii) make certain investments; (iii) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain types of equity securities; (iv) create or incur certain secured debt; (v) sell assets; (vi) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Company's assets; (vii) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from the Company's restricted subsidiaries to the Company; (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates; and (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of important qualifications and limitations. In addition, most of the covenants will be terminated before the 2025 Senior Notes mature if at any time no default or event of default exists under the 2025 Indenture and the 2025 Senior Notes receive an investment grade rating from both of two specified ratings agencies. The 2025 Indenture also contains customary events of default.
Pursuant to the registration rights agreements entered into in connection with the 2017 offerings of the 2025 Senior Notes, we agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC so that holders of the 2025 Senior Notes could exchange the unregistered 2025 Senior Notes for registered notes with substantially identical terms. In addition, we agreed to exchange the unregistered guarantees related to the 2025 Senior Notes for registered guarantees with substantially identical terms. On November 20, 2017, substantially all of the then-outstanding 2025 Senior Notes were exchanged for an equal principal amount of registered 6.875% senior notes due 2025 pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-4.
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into in connection with the issuance of the April Notes, we agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC so that holders of the April Notes could exchange the unregistered April Notes for registered notes that have substantially identical terms. In addition, we agreed to exchange the unregistered guarantees related to the April Notes for registered guarantees having substantially identical terms.
On September 24, 2018, all of the then-outstanding 2025 Senior Notes were exchanged for an equal principal amount of registered 6.875% senior notes due 2025 pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-4.
We may redeem all or any part of the 2025 Senior Notes at a “make-whole” redemption price, plus accrued and unpaid interest, at any time before February 1, 2020. We may also redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes prior to February 1, 2020 in an amount not greater than the net cash proceeds from one or more equity offerings at a redemption price of 106.875% of the principal amount of the 2025 Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Weighted-Average Interest Rates
The following table presents the weighted-average interest rates paid on our consolidated and combined variable-rate debt obligations for the periods presented:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
|
Credit Facility
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
WRD revolving credit facility
|
|
4.06
|
%
|
3.60
|
%
|
3.52
|
%
|
WHR II revolving credit facility terminated December 2016
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
|
3.03
|
%
|
Esquisto - revolving credit facility terminated December 2016
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
|
2.84
|
%
|
Esquisto - revolving credit facility terminated January 2016
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
|
2.97
|
%
|
Esquisto - Second lien terminated in January 2016
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
|
9.50
|
%
|
Unamortized Deferred Financing Costs
Unamortized deferred financing costs associated with our consolidated and combined debt obligations were as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
WRD revolving credit facility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
|
|
$
|
1,823
|
|
$
|
1,203
|
Long-term
|
|
|
3,592
|
|
|
3,573
|
6.875% senior unsecured notes, due February 2025
|
|
|
11,842
|
|
|
10,843
|
Total
|
|
$
|
17,257
|
|
$
|
15,619
|
Note 10. Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock Issuance
We partially funded the Acquisition through the issuance of 435,000 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $435.0 million on June 30, 2017, pursuant to a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement”), by and among us and CP VI Eagle Holdings, L.P. (the “Carlyle Investor”), an affiliate of The Carlyle Group, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A Perpetual
|
|
|
Convertible Preferred
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Balance at December 31, 2016
|
|
$
|
—
|
Issue of preferred stock in connection with the Acquisition
|
|
|
435,000
|
Costs incurred related to the issuance of preferred stock
|
|
|
(2,663)
|
Accrual of preferred stock paid-in-kind dividend
|
|
|
13,146
|
Balance at December 31, 2017
|
|
|
445,483
|
Paid-in-kind dividend
|
|
|
2,243
|
Beneficial conversion feature ("BCF")
|
|
|
(1,872)
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Amortization of BCF
|
|
|
1,872
|
Balance at December 31, 2018
|
|
$
|
447,726
|
The Preferred Stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to dividend rights and with respect to rights on liquidation, winding-up and dissolution. The Preferred Stock had an initial Accreted Value (as defined in the Certificate of Designations 6.00% Series A Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate”)) of $1,000 per share and is
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
entitled to a dividend at a rate of 6% per annum on the Accreted Value payable in cash if, as and when declared by our board of directors. If a cash dividend is not declared and paid in respect of any dividend payment period, then the Accreted Value of each outstanding share of Preferred Stock will automatically be increased by the amount of the dividend otherwise payable for such dividend payment period. Any increase in the Accreted Value, among other things, increases the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of each share of Preferred Stock. With respect to each of the quarterly periods from issuance until January 31, 2018, our board of directors elected to pay the dividend on the preferred stock by increasing the Accreted Value rather than paying cash. As such, as of January 31, 2018, the Accreted Value was $1,024 per share. The Preferred Stock also participates in dividends and distributions on our common stock on an as-converted basis. If at any time following December 30, 2019, the closing sale price of our common stock equals or exceeds 130% of the Conversion Price (as defined below) for at least 25 consecutive trading days, our obligation to pay dividends on the Preferred Stock shall terminate permanently.
The Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders at any time after June 30, 2018 into the amount of shares of common stock per share of Preferred Stock (such rate, the “Conversion Rate”) equal to the quotient of (i) the Accreted Value in effect on the conversion date divided by (ii) a conversion price of $13.90 (the “Conversion Price”), subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments and customary provisions related to partial dividend periods. The holders of Preferred Stock may also convert their Preferred Stock at the Conversion Rate prior to June 30, 2018 in connection with certain change of control transactions and in connection with sales of common stock by certain of our existing stockholders.
Following June 30, 2021, the Company may cause the conversion of the Preferred Stock at the Conversion Rate, provided the closing sale price of the common stock equals or exceeds 140% of the Conversion Price for the 20 trading days ending on the date immediately prior to the date of delivery of the Company's notice to convert and subject to certain other requirements regarding registration of the shares issuable upon conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall only be permitted to deliver one conversion notice during any 180-day period and the number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of the Preferred Stock for which such automatic conversion notice is given shall be limited to 25 times the average daily trading volume of our common stock during the 20 trading days ending on the date immediately prior to the date of delivery of the Company's notice to convert.
If the Company undergoes certain change of control transactions, the holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to cause the Company to redeem the Preferred Stock for cash in an amount equal to the Accreted Value, plus the net present value of dividend payments that would have been accrued as payable to the holders following the date of the consummation of such change of control and through December 30, 2019, in the case of any change of control occurring prior to December 30, 2019 (the “COC Redemption Price”). In addition, the Company has the right in connection with any such change of control transaction (i) to elect to redeem any Preferred Stock contingent upon and contemporaneously with the consummation of such change of control or (ii) to redeem any Preferred Stock following the consummation of such control that is not otherwise converted or redeemed as described in the preceding sentence and clause (i) of this sentence for cash at the COC Redemption Price.
At any time after June 30, 2022, the Company may redeem the Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, for an amount in cash equal to, per each share of Preferred Stock, (i) on or prior to the June 30, 2023, the Accreted Value multiplied by 112%, (ii) on or prior to June 30, 2024, the Accreted Value multiplied by 109% or (ii) after June 30, 2024, the Accreted Value multiplied by 106%.
Until conversion, the holders of the Preferred Stock vote together with our common stock on an as-converted basis and also have rights to vote as a separate class on certain customary matters impacting the Preferred Stock.
In addition, the Carlyle Investor, as a holder of Preferred Stock is entitled to elect (i) two directors to our board of directors for so long as the Carlyle Investor or its affiliates hold Preferred Stock and shares of our common stock, including shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock, representing at least 10% of our outstanding common stock on an as-converted basis and (ii) one board seat for so long as the Carlyle Investor or its affiliates hold
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Preferred Stock and shares of our common stock, including shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock, representing 5% or more of our outstanding common stock on an as-converted basis.
Preferred Stock Dividend
The terms of our outstanding preferred stock require us to pay a quarterly dividend. Because we are legally obligated to pay cumulative dividends, whether or not declared, we accrue the dividends as earned. The declaration of a dividend after the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are issued is considered to be a recognizable subsequent event that provides additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet. A recognized subsequent event is to be recognized in the financial statements as if they occurred before the balance sheet date. Declaration of paid-in-kind dividends subsequent to the balance sheet date are recorded as an increase to the carrying amount of the preferred stock. Declaration of a cash dividends subsequent to the balance sheet date are recorded as an accrued liability.
On July 31, 2017, we announced an aggregate quarterly dividend of $2.175 million on our outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. The dividend was paid by an automatic increase to the Accreted Value of each such share of Preferred Stock, which were issued with an initial Accreted Value of $1,000 per share. The dividend was for the period beginning on June 30, 2017 (the issuance date of the Preferred Stock) to July 31, 2017 and was paid to holders of record on July 15, 2017.
On October 31, 2017, an aggregate quarterly dividend of $6.558 million was paid by an automatic increase to the Accreted Value of each such share of Preferred Stock as of the date of issuance. The declared dividend was for the period beginning on August 1, 2017 to October 31, 2017 and was paid to holders of record on October 15, 2017.
On January 31, 2018, an aggregate quarterly dividend of $6.656 million was paid by an automatic increase to the Accreted Value of each such share of Preferred Stock as of the date of issuance. The declared dividend was for the period beginning on November 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018 and was paid to holders of record on January 15, 2018. In connection with this paid-in-kind dividend, we recognized a $1.9 million beneficial conversion feature that was amortized over the earliest Preferred Stock conversion period as additional dividends.
The table below summarizes the quarterly cash dividends paid to holders of record at the dates indicated of our preferred stock:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period Covered
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date of Record
|
|
From
|
To
|
|
Cash Dividends Paid
|
|
Payment Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in millions)
|
|
|
April 15, 2018
|
|
February 1, 2018
|
April 30, 2018
|
|
$
|
6.756
|
|
April 30, 2018
|
July 15, 2018
|
|
May 1, 2018
|
July 31, 2018
|
|
$
|
6.756
|
|
July 31, 2018
|
October 15, 2018
|
|
August 1, 2018
|
October 31, 2018
|
|
$
|
6.756
|
|
October 31, 2018
|
Subsequent Event.
On January 31, 2019, an aggregate quarterly cash dividend of $6.831 million was paid to holders of record as of January 15, 2019 for the period from November 1, 2018 to February 1, 2019. In connection with the Merger and in accordance with the voting agreement with Carlyle, all the Company's preferred stock was converted into the Company's common stock prior to the effective time of the Merger.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Note 11. Equity
Common Stock
The Company's authorized capital stock includes 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share. The following is a summary of the changes in our common shares issued since December 31, 2016:
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2016
|
|
91,680,441
|
Common stock issued
|
|
7,815,225
|
Restricted common shares issued
|
|
1,676,284
|
Restricted common shares forfeited
|
|
(717)
|
Repurchase of vested restricted shares (2)
|
|
(33,956)
|
Balance, December 31, 2017
|
|
101,137,277
|
Restricted common shares issued
|
|
1,076,165
|
Restricted common shares forfeited
|
|
(63,768)
|
Repurchase of vested restricted shares (2)
|
|
(355,819)
|
Balance, December 31, 2018
|
|
101,793,855
|
|
(1)
|
|
We were incorporated in August 2016 under the laws of the State of Delaware.
|
|
(2)
|
|
Restricted common shares are generally net-settled by 2016 LTIP participants to cover the required withholding tax upon vesting of restricted stock awards. Participants surrendered shares with value equivalent to the employee's minimum statutory obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes. Total payments remitted for the employees' tax obligations to the appropriate taxing authorities were approximately $6.9 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These net-settlements had the effect of shares repurchased by the Company as they reduced the number of shares that would have otherwise been outstanding as a result of the vesting and did not represent an expense to the Company.
|
In January 17, 2017, we issued and sold 2,297,100 shares of our common stock at an offering price of $15.00 per share pursuant to the partial exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option associated with our initial public offering the (“Option Exercise”). We received net proceeds of $32.6 million from the Option Exercise, all of which was used to repay outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
On June 30, 2017, pursuant to the Acquisition Agreements, we issued 5,518,125 shares of our common stock valued at approximately $60.8 million as partial consideration to KKR. See Note 3-
"Acquisitions and Divestitures" for additional information regarding the Acquisition.
See “Note 13—Long Term Incentive Plans” for additional information regarding the shares of restricted common stock that were granted during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Restricted shares of common stock are considered issued and outstanding on the grant date of the restricted stock award.
Dividend Policy
We do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance our operations and the growth of our business. Our future dividend policy is within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon then-existing conditions, including our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, investment opportunities, statutory restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, the Credit Agreement places restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends.
Predecessor Equity
The predecessor received capital contributions of $10.8 million from its members during the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively. Promissory note advances were available to management to fund future capital commitments and carried an interest rate of 2.5%.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The table below summarizes advances and payments of the promissory note advances for the year ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
Interest
|
|
Total
|
Balance, December 31, 2015
|
|
$
|
2,367
|
|
$
|
76
|
|
$
|
2,443
|
Advances
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
101
|
Payments
|
|
|
(20)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(20)
|
Accrued Interest
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
51
|
Dissolution
|
|
|
(2,448)
|
|
|
(127)
|
|
|
(2,575)
|
Balance, December 31, 2016
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
On November, 9, 2016, the management members conveyed to the predecessor certain ownership interests in the predecessor in exchange for the discharge in full and the termination of all the promissory note advances then outstanding. The promissory note advances and the related accrued interest receivable are presented in the balance sheet as a deduction from predecessor equity.
Previous Owner Equity
The previous owner received capital contributions of $97.0 million from its members during the year ended December 31, 2016. As a result of the Corporate Reorganization (as discussed in Note 1) and common control accounting, Esquisto's net assets were recorded at NGP's historical cost basis.
Note 12. Earnings Per Share
The following sets forth the calculation of earnings (loss) per share, or EPS, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts). In the calculation of basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders, participating securities are allocated earnings based on actual dividend distributions received plus a proportionate share of undistributed net income attributable to common stockholders, if any, after recognizing distributed earnings. The Company's participating securities do not participate in undistributed net losses because they are not contractually obligated to do so.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018 (1)
|
|
2017 (2)
|
|
2016 (3)
|
Numerator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) available to WRD
|
|
$
|
146,508
|
|
$
|
49,880
|
|
$
|
(10,397)
|
Less: Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
28,862
|
|
|
13,146
|
|
|
—
|
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
|
|
|
30,344
|
|
|
5,612
|
|
|
—
|
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
|
|
$
|
87,302
|
|
$
|
31,122
|
|
$
|
(10,397)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in thousands)
|
|
|
99,498
|
|
|
96,324
|
|
|
91,327
|
Basic EPS
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
$
|
0.32
|
|
$
|
(0.11)
|
Diluted EPS
|
|
$
|
0.88
|
|
$
|
0.32
|
|
$
|
(0.11)
|
|
(1)
|
|
The Company used the two-class method for both basic and diluted EPS. For the year ended December 31, 2018, 775 incremental restricted shares were excluded in the calculation of diluted EPS due to their antidilutive effect under the treasury stock method. For the for the year ended December 31, 2018, 32,363 shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS due to their antidilutive effect under the if-converted method.
|
|
(2)
|
|
The Company used the two-class method for both basic and diluted EPS. For the year ended December 31, 2017, 628 incremental restricted shares were excluded in the calculation of diluted EPS due to their antidilutive effect under the treasury stock method. For the year ended December 31, 2017, 16,008 shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS due to their antidilutive effect under the if-converted method.
|
|
(3)
|
|
The Company used the two-class method for both basic and diluted EPS.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, restricted shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS due to their antidilutive effect as we were in a loss position for the period.
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Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Note 13. Long Term Incentive Plans
In connection with the initial public offering, our Board adopted the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (or “2016 LTIP”). The 2016 LTIP, authorizes the issuance of 9,512,500 shares of our common stock.
The following table summarizes information regarding restricted common share awards granted under the 2016 LTIP for the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-Average
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
Grant Date Fair
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Value per Share (1)
|
Restricted common shares outstanding at January 1, 2016
|
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
Granted (2)
|
|
353,334
|
|
$
|
14.50
|
Restricted common stock outstanding at December 31, 2016
|
|
353,334
|
|
$
|
14.50
|
Granted (2)
|
|
1,676,284
|
|
$
|
13.88
|
Forfeited
|
|
(717)
|
|
$
|
13.94
|
Vested
|
|
(131,111)
|
|
$
|
14.50
|
Restricted common stock outstanding at December 31, 2017
|
|
1,897,790
|
|
$
|
13.95
|
Granted (2)
|
|
1,076,165
|
|
$
|
25.57
|
Forfeited
|
|
(63,768)
|
|
$
|
16.45
|
Vested
|
|
(1,069,933)
|
|
$
|
15.66
|
Restricted common stock outstanding at December 31, 2018
|
|
1,840,254
|
|
$
|
19.66
|
|
(1)
|
|
Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of shares subject to granted awards by the number of awards.
|
|
(2)
|
|
The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted common share awards granted in 2017 was $23.3 million based on grant date market price ranging from $10.91 to $14.22 per share. The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted common share awards granted in 2018 was $27.5 million based on grant date market price ranging from $18.14 to $27.07 per share. Our awards have contractual vesting periods between one and three years.
|
For the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recorded $19.5 million, $6.6 million and less than $0.1 million of recognized compensation expense associated, respectively, with these awards. Unrecognized compensation cost associated with the restricted common share awards was an aggregate of $28.7 million at December 31, 2018. We expect to recognize the unrecognized compensation cost for these awards over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years. We elect to account for
forfeitures on share-based payments by recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur.
Subsequent event.
In January 2019, all outstanding shares granted under the 2016 LTIP were supervested. On February 1, 2019, the shares were converted to common shares of Chesapeake using the conversion method elected by the shareholder as outlined in the merger agreement.
Note 14. Incentive Units
Prior to December 31, 2018, c
ertain officers and employees were granted awards of incentive units in WildHorse Investment Holdings and WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings and Acquisition Co. Holdings (the “LLCs”). Compensation cost is recognized only if the performance condition is probable of being satisfied at each reporting date or as a result of an actual distribution. Compensation cost related to an actual distribution by Esquisto Holdings to incentive unitholders of 500,932 shares of our common stock on May 14, 2018 resulted in non-cash compensation expense of $13.8 million offset by a deemed capital contribution. Compensation costs associated with satisfying the remaining performance conditions were not deemed probable at December 31
, 2018.
All incentive units not vested are forfeited upon a termination of employment. All incentive units will be forfeited if a holder resigns whether the incentive units are vested or not. If the payouts have not yet occurred, then all incentive units, whether or not vested, will be forfeited automatically (unless extended).
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Subsequent event.
In connection with the Merger, all unvested incentive units became fully vested in accordance with their terms and will remain outstanding following the effective time of the merger. See “Note 1—Organization and Basis of Presentation” for information regarding our merger with Chesapeake.
Note 15. Related Party Transactions
Corporate Reorganization
As described in Note 1, in connection with our initial public offering, we completed certain reorganization transactions pursuant to which we acquired all of the interests in WHR II, Esquisto and Acquisition Co. owned by WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings and Acquisition Co. Holdings, respectively, in exchange for 21,200,084 shares, 38,755,330 shares and 2,563,266 shares, respectively, of our common stock.
Board of Directors Relationships
Mr. Grant E. Sims has served as a member of our board of directors since February 2017. Mr. Sims has served as a director and Chief Executive Officer of the general partner of Genesis Energy Partners, L.P. (“Genesis”) since August 2006 and Chairman of the board of directors of the general partner since October 2012. Genesis is one of our purchasers of hydrocarbons and other liquids. We received $1.2 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, from Genesis.
Ms. Stephanie Hildebrandt has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2017. Ms. Hildebrandt has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary of Archrock Inc., (“Archrock”) since August 2017. Archrock is a provider of compression services. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we had disbursements of $0.1 million to Archrock.
NGP Affiliated Companies
Carlyle Group, L.P.
The Carlyle Group, L.P. and certain of its affiliates indirectly own a 55% interest in certain gross revenues of NGP ECM, which is a limited partner entitled to 47.5% of the carried interest from NGP XI, and is entitled to 40% of the carried interest from NGP X US Holdings (without, in either case, any rights to vote or dispose of either such fund’s direct or indirect interest in us). NGP ECM manages investment funds, including NGP X US Holdings and NGP XI, that collectively directly or indirectly through their equity interests in WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings and Acquisition Co. Holdings own a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock. An affiliate of the Carlyle Group, L.P. purchased 435,000 shares of our preferred stock on June 30, 2017.
NGP ECM.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we had disbursements of $0.2 million related to director and advisory fees and reimbursement of initial public offering costs. We did not have any related party payments or receipts for the year ended December 31, 2018.
CH4 Energy.
CH4 Energy entities are NGP affiliated companies and Mr. Brannon, a former member of our board of directors, is President of these entities. During the year ended December 31, 2018 we had disbursements of $0.2 million to certain CH4 Energy entities for office rental and parking payments. During the year ended December 31, 2017 we had disbursements of $0.5 million to certain CH4 Energy entities, of which $0.3 million was a reimbursement of landman services and expenses incurred in 2016 that CH4 Energy entities had paid on our behalf and $0.2 million was related to office rental and parking payments. Additionally, the Company acquired incremental leasehold interests from CH4 Energy entities for $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 in connection with the Corporate Reorganization.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Cretic Energy Services, LLC.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we had disbursements of $0.2 million to Cretic Energy Services, LLC, an NGP affiliated company, for services related to our drilling and completion activities. We did not have any related party payments for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Related Party Agreements
Registration Rights Agreement.
We are parties to an amended and restated registration rights agreement with WildHorse Investment Holdings, Esquisto Investment Holdings, WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings, NGP XI US Holdings, L.P. (“NGP XI”), Jay Graham and Anthony Bahr (collectively, the “Sponsor Group”), CP VI Eagle Holdings, L.P. (the “Carlyle Investor”), and EIGF Aggregator LLC, TE Admiral A Holding L.P. and Aurora C‑1 Holding L.P. (collectively, “KKR”). Pursuant to the amended and restated registration rights agreement, we have agreed to register the sale of shares of our common stock under certain circumstances.
Demand rights.
Subject to the limitations set forth below, at any time after (i) for the Sponsor Group, the 180 day lock-up period, related to our initial public offering, or (ii) for the Carlyle Investor, June 30, 2018, and subject to the limitations set forth below, each member of the Sponsor Group and the Carlyle Investor (or its permitted transferees) have the right to require us by written notice to prepare and file a registration statement registering the offer and sale of a certain number of its shares of our common stock. Generally, we are required to provide notice of the request to certain other holders of our common stock who may, in certain circumstances, participate in the registration. Subject to certain exceptions, we will not be obligated to effect a demand registration within 90 days after the closing of any underwritten offering of shares of our common stock. Further, we are not obligated to effect more than a total of four demand registrations for each of WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings and WHE Holdings, and more than a total of six demand registrations for the Carlyle Investor.
Subject to certain exceptions, we are also not be obligated to effect any demand registration in which the anticipated aggregate offering price for our common stock included in such offering is less than $75 million. We have in effect a registration on Form S‑3, therefore, any such demand registration would be for a shelf registration statement. We will be required to use reasonable best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of any such registration statement until the earlier of (i) 180 days (or two years in the case of a shelf registration statement) after the effective date thereof or (ii) the date on which all shares covered by such registration statement have been sold (subject to certain extensions).
In addition, each member of the Sponsor Group (or its permitted transferees) have the right to require us, subject to certain limitations, to effect a distribution of any or all of its shares of our common stock by means of an underwritten offering. In general, any demand for an underwritten offering (other than the first requested underwritten offering made in respect of a prior demand registration and other than a requested underwritten offering made concurrently with a demand registration) shall constitute a demand request subject to the limitations set forth above.
Piggyback Rights.
Subject to certain exceptions, if at any time we propose to register an offering of common stock or conduct an underwritten offering, whether or not for our own account, then we must notify each Holder (or its permitted transferees), NGP XI, Mr. Graham, Mr. Bahr, the Carlyle Investor and KKR of such proposal to allow them to include a specified number of their shares of our common stock in that registration statement or underwritten offering, as applicable. KKR was made a Holder under the amended and restated registration rights agreement for purposes of obtaining such piggyback rights; however, as of December 31, 2018, they no longer own any of our common stock.
Conditions and Limitations; Expenses.
These registration rights are subject to certain conditions and limitations, including the right of the underwriters to limit the number of shares to be included in a registration and our right to delay or withdraw a registration statement under certain circumstances. We will generally pay all registration expenses in connection with our obligations under the registration rights agreement, regardless of whether a registration statement is filed or becomes effective.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Stockholders' Agreement.
In connection with our initial public offering, we entered into a stockholders' agreement with WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, and Acquisition Co. Holdings. Among other things, the stockholders' agreement provides the right to designate nominees to our board of directors as follows:
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·
|
|
so long as WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings and their affiliates, including NGP XI, collectively own greater than 50% of our common stock, WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings can each nominate up to three nominees to our board of directors;
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·
|
|
so long as WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings and their affiliates, including NGP XI, collectively own at least 35% of our common stock but less than 50% of our common stock, WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings can each nominate two nominees to our board of directors;
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|
·
|
|
so long as WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings and their affiliates, including NGP XI, collectively own at least 15% of our common stock but less than 35% of our common stock, WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings can each nominate one nominee to our board of directors and can nominate a third nominee by agreement between them;
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·
|
|
so long as WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings and their affiliates, including NGP XI, collectively own at least 5% of our common stock but less than 15% of our common stock, WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings can each nominate one nominee to our board of directors; and
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|
·
|
|
once WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings and their affiliates, including NGP XI, collectively own less 5% of our common stock, WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings will not have any board designation rights.
|
Pursuant to the stockholders' agreement we are required to take all necessary actions, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law (including with respect to any fiduciary duties under Delaware law), to cause the election of the nominees designated by WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings.
In addition, the stockholders' agreement provides that for so long as WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. Holdings and their affiliates, including NGP XI, own at least 15% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings will have the right to cause any committee of our board of directors to include in its membership at least one director designated by WildHorse Holdings or Esquisto Holdings, except to the extent that such membership would violate applicable securities laws or stock exchange rules. The rights granted to WildHorse Holdings and Esquisto Holdings to designate directors are additive to and not intended to limit in any way the rights that WildHorse Holdings, Esquisto Holdings, Acquisition Co. or any of their affiliates, including NGP XI, may have to nominate, elect or remove our directors under our certificate of incorporation, bylaws or the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Note 16. Segment Disclosures
Our chief executive officer has been identified as our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). As of December 31, 2018, we identified one operating segment and one reportable segment—the Eagle Ford—that is engaged in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil, natural gas and NGL resources in the United States. Historically, we had two operating segments – the Eagle Ford and North Louisiana – that were aggregated into one reportable segment. On March 29, 2018 we closed the NLA Divestiture, which involved substantially all of the assets previously included in our North Louisiana operating segment. See Note 3-
"Acquisitions and Divestitures" for additional information related to the NLA Divestiture. Our reportable segment includes midstream operations that primarily support the Company’s oil and natural gas producing activities. There are no differences between reportable segment revenues and consolidated revenues. Furthermore, all of our revenues are from external customers.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Major Customers
The following table sets forth the percentage of our revenues attributed to our customers who have accounted for 10% or more of our revenues during 2018, 2017 or 2016.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
Major Customers
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
|
Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. and subsidiaries
|
|
49
|
%
|
56
|
%
|
63
|
%
|
Koch Industries, Inc.
|
|
19
|
%
|
4
|
%
|
n/a
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc and subsidiaries
|
|
18
|
%
|
21
|
%
|
12
|
%
|
Cima Energy LTD
|
|
n/a
|
|
n/a
|
|
15
|
%
|
Note 17. Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Current income taxes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$
|
(997)
|
|
$
|
997
|
|
$
|
—
|
State
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
—
|
Total current income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
(997)
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
|
—
|
Deferred income taxes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
|
43,143
|
|
|
(40,529)
|
|
|
(5,737)
|
State
|
|
|
(1,950)
|
|
|
698
|
|
|
162
|
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
|
41,193
|
|
|
(39,831)
|
|
|
(5,575)
|
Total income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
$
|
40,196
|
|
$
|
(38,824)
|
|
$
|
(5,575)
|
The actual income tax expense (benefit) differs from the expected amount computed by applying the federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21%, 35% and 35% for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Expected tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate
|
|
$
|
39,208
|
|
$
|
3,870
|
|
$
|
(18,428)
|
State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal benefit
|
|
|
(3,360)
|
|
|
460
|
|
|
105
|
Pass-through entities (1)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
12,499
|
Incentive unit compensation
|
|
|
2,893
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
(1,070)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
1,820
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
234
|
Change in tax rate (2)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(43,431)
|
|
|
—
|
Change in prior period estimates
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
315
|
|
|
—
|
Other
|
|
|
681
|
|
|
(38)
|
|
|
15
|
Total income tax expense (benefit)
|
|
$
|
40,196
|
|
$
|
(38,824)
|
|
$
|
(5,575)
|
|
(1)
|
|
Our predecessor was a pass-through entity for federal income tax purposes.
|
|
(2)
|
|
The federal corporate income tax rate was reduced from 35% to 21% as a result of the Tax Act.
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Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The components of net deferred income tax liabilities are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Components of net deferred income tax liabilities:
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
Deferred income tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss Carryforwards
|
|
$
|
47,609
|
|
$
|
29,866
|
Disallowed interest carryforwards
|
|
|
9,992
|
|
|
—
|
Minimum tax credit Carryforward
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
997
|
Asset retirement obligation
|
|
|
1,796
|
|
|
3,311
|
Derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
16,903
|
Other
|
|
|
3,860
|
|
|
2,153
|
Total deferred income tax assets
|
|
|
63,257
|
|
|
53,230
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(1,820)
|
|
|
—
|
Net deferred income tax assets
|
|
|
61,437
|
|
|
53,230
|
Deferred income tax liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
158,868
|
|
|
124,700
|
Derivatives
|
|
|
15,300
|
|
|
—
|
Total deferred income tax liabilities
|
|
|
174,168
|
|
|
124,700
|
Net deferred income tax liabilities
|
|
$
|
112,731
|
|
$
|
71,470
|
Uncertain Income Tax Position.
The Company must recognize the tax effects of any uncertain tax positions it may have if the position taken by us is more likely than not sustainable based on its technical merits. For those benefits to be recognized, an income tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2018 and expects no significant change to the unrecognized tax benefits over the next twelve months ending December 31, 2019.
Tax Audits and Settlements.
Generally, the Company's income tax years 2015 through 2018 remain open and subject to examination by federal and various state tax authorities which include Louisiana and Texas and certain other state taxing jurisdictions where the Company previously had operations. In certain jurisdictions the Company operates through more than one legal entity, each of which may have different open years subject to examination.
Tax Attribute Carryforwards and Valuation Allowance.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company had federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of approximately $218.0 million. The federal NOL carryforwards generated prior to 2018 expire in 2036 and 2037. The 2018 federal NOL carryforward of $65.9 million has no expiration. The Company also had state tax carryforwards of approximately $28.8 million, which expire in 2036 through 2038. In addition, the Company had disallowed business interest carryforward of approximately $47.6 million, which can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $1.8 million against its deferred tax assets related to state tax attributes due to the NLA Divestiture. The Company recorded no other valuation allowance based upon management's evaluation that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize its deferred tax assets.
Note 18. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation & Environmental
We are party to various ongoing and potential legal actions relating to our entitled ownership interests in certain properties. We evaluate the merits of existing and potential claims and accrue a liability for any that meet the recognition criteria and can be reasonably estimated. We did not recognize any liability as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Our estimates are based on information known about the matters and the input of attorneys experienced in contesting, litigating, and settling similar matters. Actual amounts could differ from our estimates and other claims could be asserted.
On February 1, 2018, we settled a dispute related to a possible area of mutual interest (“AMI”) associated with our North Louisiana assets with a third party. Pursuant to such settlement, the third party agreed to pay the actual net costs
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
attributable to interests in certain leases and/or wells it elected to acquire. We agreed to provide the third party with a $7.0 million credit towards purchasing the interests selected by the third party, which is reflected in the accompanying statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 as “North Louisiana Settlement.” The settlement loss was partially offset by a tax benefit of $1.6 million. A settlement receivable of $5.9 million from the third party was collected by us during 2018.
In January 2019, putative class action lawsuits in U.S. District Courts for the District of Delaware and Southern District of New York were filed against us and other defendants. The lawsuits generally allege various violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with the disclosure contained in the joint proxy statement/prospectus filed in connection with the Merger. The lawsuits seek rescission of the Merger or rescissory damages and, in each case, attorney's fees, costs and interest. We intend to vigorously defend these claims.
Klein v. Graham, et al.
: On August 2, 2018, James M. Klein filed a derivative action in the Delaware Court of Chancery against seven of the Company’s directors and one of its former directors (the “Director Defendants”), NGP Energy Capital Management, LLC, CP VI Eagle Holdings, L.P. (the “Carlyle Investor”), and (as a nominal defendant only) the Company. The complaint asserts claims relating to the Company’s entry into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with the Carlyle Investor, dated May 10, 2017. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages and attorneys’ fees. The Company believes the claims are entirely without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them. On October 2, 2018, a stipulation of dismissal without prejudice was granted as it relates to Messrs. Clarkson and Sims.
From time to time, we could be liable for environmental claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We did not record environmental obligations at December 31, 2018 and at December 31, 2017.
Lease Obligations
We executed two office leases during the year ended December 31, 2018. In June 2018, we executed a new lease for corporate office space that has escalating payments. The commencement date was December 1, 2018 and the lease terminates on December 31, 2026. In August 2018, we executed a new lease for our Fort Worth office with a start date of October 1, 2018 and terminating on September 30, 2021, with a penalty-free early termination clause after two years. Total office lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $0.8 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million.
In 2017, we entered into two dedicated fracturing fleet services agreements to complete wells in a timely manner following conclusion of drilling operations in the Eagle Ford Shale.
On March 15, 2017, we entered into a 20 month dedicated fracturing fleet services agreement. The agreement may be extended for an additional twelve months. We have agreed to pay a fixed monthly service fee of $2.7 million that covers equipment and personnel costs. In addition to the fixed monthly service charge, we have agreed to pay a fixed fee for each stage completed in excess of 360 stages per calendar quarter. We have also agreed to pay a pass through fee for the cost of chemicals and fuel plus 10%. We have the right to terminate the contract with appropriate notice; however, an early termination fee of approximately $1.4 million times the number of months remaining under the initial term of the contract would be payable on such termination date. Our obligations under the contract ended in December 2018.
On June 1, 2017, we entered into a 23 month dedicated fracturing fleet services agreement, which may be extended for an additional twelve months. We have agreed to pay a fixed monthly service fee of $2.8 million that covers equipment and personnel costs. In addition, we have agreed to pay a fixed fee for each stage completed in excess of 115 stages per month. We have also agreed to pay a pass through fee for the cost of chemicals and fuel plus 10%. We have the right to terminate the contract with appropriate notice; however an early termination fee of $1.4 million times the number of months remaining under the initial term of the contract would be payable on such termination date.
We have entered into drilling services agreements with varying terms, all of which have contractual terms of less than one year.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
We have entered into compressor rental agreements, which have contractual terms of 13 months or less, after which they can be terminated with notice. Total compressor and equipment rental expense incurred in 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $5.4 million, $2.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
The table below reflects our minimum commitments as of December 31, 2018:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
2021
|
|
2022
|
|
2023
|
Office Leases
|
|
$
|
2,399
|
|
$
|
2,435
|
|
$
|
2,398
|
|
$
|
2,216
|
|
$
|
2,251
|
Dedicated Fracturing Fleet Services Agreement
|
|
|
21,000
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Sand Mine Equipment
|
|
|
5,055
|
|
|
3,436
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Compressors
|
|
|
4,143
|
|
|
3,991
|
|
|
3,859
|
|
|
2,724
|
|
|
902
|
Total
|
|
$
|
32,597
|
|
$
|
9,862
|
|
$
|
6,257
|
|
$
|
4,940
|
|
$
|
3,153
|
Interruptible Water Availability Agreement
The Company entered into an interruptible water availability agreement with the Brazos River Authority (“BRA”) that began on February 1, 2017 and ends on December 31, 2021. The agreement provides us with an aggregate of 6,978 acre-feet of water per year from the Brazos River at prices that may be adjusted periodically by BRA. The agreement requires annual payments to be made on or before February 15 of each year during the term of the agreement. We recorded a payment of $0.5 million and $0.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Note 19. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
The following tables present selected quarterly financial data for the periods indicated (in thousands except per share amounts). Earnings per share are computed independently for each of the quarters presented and the sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not necessarily equal the total for the year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First
|
|
Second
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Quarter
|
|
Quarter (1)
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
218,757
|
|
$
|
225,413
|
|
$
|
259,490
|
|
$
|
243,726
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(100,053)
|
|
|
101,370
|
|
|
122,776
|
|
$
|
88,196
|
Net income (loss) available to WRD
|
|
|
(115,774)
|
|
|
(14,094)
|
|
|
11,523
|
|
$
|
264,853
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
7,389
|
|
|
7,961
|
|
|
6,756
|
|
|
6,756
|
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
|
|
|
(123,163)
|
|
|
(22,055)
|
|
|
3,534
|
|
|
228,986
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
(1.24)
|
|
$
|
(0.22)
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
$
|
1.92
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
(1.24)
|
|
$
|
(0.22)
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
$
|
1.92
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
54,292
|
|
$
|
70,173
|
|
$
|
122,486
|
|
$
|
180,236
|
Operating income
|
|
|
6,206
|
|
|
2,078
|
|
|
32,599
|
|
$
|
64,582
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
20,252
|
|
|
26,366
|
|
|
(10,804)
|
|
$
|
14,066
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
6,450
|
|
|
6,623
|
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
|
|
|
20,252
|
|
|
25,906
|
|
|
(17,254)
|
|
|
2,218
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
(0.17)
|
|
$
|
0.06
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.22
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
$
|
(0.17)
|
|
$
|
0.06
|
|
(1)
|
|
Net income for the three months ended December 31, 2017 includes a deferred tax benefit of $43.4 million as a result of the re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of the Tax Act.
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Note 20. Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (Unaudited)
Oil and Natural Gas Reserves
Users of this information should be aware that the process of estimating quantities of “proved” and “proved developed” oil and natural gas reserves is very complex, requiring significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of all available geological, engineering and economic data for each reservoir. The data for a given reservoir may also change substantially over time as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, additional development activity, evolving production history and continual reassessment of the viability of production under varying economic conditions. As a result, revisions to existing reserve estimates may occur from time to time. Although every reasonable effort is made to ensure reserve estimates reported represent the most accurate assessments possible, the subjective decisions and variances in available data for various reservoirs make these estimates generally less precise than other estimates included in the financial statement disclosures.
Proved reserves are those quantities of oil and natural gas that by analysis of geoscience and engineering data can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible — from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations — prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.
Our proved reserves are prepared CG&A, a third-party independent reserve. All proved reserves are located in the United States and all prices are held constant in accordance with SEC rules.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Oil ($/Bbl)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
West Texas Intermediate (1)
|
|
$
|
65.56
|
|
$
|
51.34
|
|
$
|
42.75
|
NGL ($/Bbl)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
West Texas Intermediate (1)
|
|
$
|
65.56
|
|
$
|
51.34
|
|
$
|
42.75
|
Natural Gas ($/Mmbtu)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Henry Hub (2)
|
|
$
|
3.10
|
|
$
|
2.98
|
|
$
|
2.48
|
|
(1)
|
|
The unweighted average West Texas Intermediate price was adjusted by lease for quality, transportation fees, and a regional price differential.
|
|
(2)
|
|
The unweighted average Henry Hub price was adjusted by lease for energy content, compression charges, transportation fees, and regional price differentials.
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
The following tables set forth estimates of the net reserves as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
|
|
|
Oil
(MBbls)
|
|
Gas
(MMcf)
|
|
NGL
(MBbls)
|
|
Equivalent
(MBoe)
|
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of the year
|
|
282,798
|
|
683,808
|
|
57,550
|
|
454,315
|
Extensions, discoveries and additions
|
|
81,174
|
|
129,962
|
|
16,377
|
|
119,211
|
Purchase of minerals in place
|
|
520
|
|
727
|
|
116
|
|
757
|
Sales of minerals in place
|
|
(1,272)
|
|
(393,057)
|
|
(398)
|
|
(67,180)
|
Production
|
|
(12,585)
|
|
(21,531)
|
|
(2,143)
|
|
(18,316)
|
Revision of previous estimates
|
|
(65,369)
|
|
(21,736)
|
|
(13,747)
|
|
(82,737)
|
End of year
|
|
285,266
|
|
378,173
|
|
57,755
|
|
406,050
|
Proved developed reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
65,023
|
|
221,517
|
|
12,553
|
|
114,495
|
End of year
|
|
66,398
|
|
88,936
|
|
14,135
|
|
95,356
|
Proved undeveloped reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
217,775
|
|
462,291
|
|
44,997
|
|
339,820
|
End of year
|
|
218,868
|
|
289,237
|
|
43,620
|
|
310,694
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
|
|
|
Oil
(MBbls)
|
|
Gas
(MMcf)
|
|
NGL
(MBbls)
|
|
Equivalent
(MBoe)
|
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of the year
|
|
87,447
|
|
325,102
|
|
10,874
|
|
152,505
|
Extensions, discoveries and additions
|
|
93,454
|
|
279,368
|
|
22,545
|
|
162,559
|
Purchase of minerals in place
|
|
59,169
|
|
28,106
|
|
6,740
|
|
70,593
|
Production
|
|
(6,606)
|
|
(20,463)
|
|
(1,206)
|
|
(11,222)
|
Revision of previous estimates
|
|
49,334
|
|
71,695
|
|
18,597
|
|
79,880
|
End of year
|
|
282,798
|
|
683,808
|
|
57,550
|
|
454,315
|
Proved developed reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
19,192
|
|
145,880
|
|
3,765
|
|
47,270
|
End of year
|
|
65,023
|
|
221,517
|
|
12,553
|
|
114,495
|
Proved undeveloped reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
68,255
|
|
179,222
|
|
7,109
|
|
105,235
|
End of year
|
|
217,775
|
|
462,291
|
|
44,997
|
|
339,820
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
|
|
|
Oil
(MBbls)
|
|
Gas
(MMcf)
|
|
NGL
(MBbls)
|
|
Equivalent
(MBoe)
|
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of the year
|
|
36,650
|
|
344,959
|
|
8,897
|
|
103,040
|
Extensions, discoveries and additions
|
|
18,870
|
|
32,782
|
|
2,606
|
|
26,940
|
Purchase of minerals in place
|
|
26,835
|
|
13,545
|
|
1,823
|
|
30,916
|
Production
|
|
(1,848)
|
|
(17,820)
|
|
(471)
|
|
(5,289)
|
Revision of previous estimates
|
|
6,940
|
|
(48,364)
|
|
(1,981)
|
|
(3,102)
|
End of year
|
|
87,447
|
|
325,102
|
|
10,874
|
|
152,505
|
Proved developed reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
7,503
|
|
142,990
|
|
2,235
|
|
33,570
|
End of year
|
|
19,192
|
|
145,880
|
|
3,765
|
|
47,270
|
Proved undeveloped reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year
|
|
29,147
|
|
201,969
|
|
6,662
|
|
69,470
|
End of year
|
|
68,255
|
|
179,222
|
|
7,109
|
|
105,235
|
Noteworthy amounts included in the categories of proved reserve changes in the above tables include:
|
·
|
|
During 2018, extensions, discoveries and additions increased proved reserves by 119,211 MBoe. These increases were partially offset by sales of minerals in place related to the North Louisiana Divestiture, which reduced proved reserves by 67,180 Mboe and production reducing proved reserves by 18,316 MBoe. We also had downward revisions of 82,737 Mboe, of which 86,953 MBoe were performance related partially offset by 4,216 MBoe related to commodity price increases.
|
|
·
|
|
During 2017, extensions, discoveries and additions increased proved reserves by 20,313 MBoe and 142,246 MBoe related to North Louisiana and Eagle Ford Shale, respectively.
|
|
·
|
|
During 2017, purchases of minerals in place of 70,593 MBoe was attributable to the Acquisition.
|
|
·
|
|
During 2017, we had upward revisions of 79,880 MBoe, of which 7,461 MBoe related to commodity price changes and 72,419 MBoe was performance related.
|
|
·
|
|
During 2016, extensions, discoveries and additions increased proved reserves by 4,131 MBoe and 22,809 MBoe related to drilling in the RCT field in North Louisiana and Eagle Ford Shale, respectively.
|
|
·
|
|
During 2016, purchase of minerals in place of 30,916 MBoe was primarily attributable to the Burleson North Acquisition.
|
|
·
|
|
During 2016, we had downward revisions of proved reserves of 3,102 MBoe, of which 711 MBoe related to commodity price changes and 2,391 MBoe was performance related.
|
See Note 3-
"Acquisitions and Divestitures" for additional information on acquisitions and divestitures.
A variety of methodologies are used to determine our proved reserve estimates. The principal methodologies employed are reservoir simulation, decline curve analysis, volumetric, material balance, advance production type curve matching, petro-physics/log analysis and analogy. Some combination of these methods is used to determine reserve estimates in substantially all of our fields.
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows from Proved Reserves
As required by the FASB and SEC, the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows presented below is computed by applying first-day-of-the-month average prices, year-end costs and legislated tax rates and a discount factor of 10 percent to proved reserves. We do not believe the standardized measure provides a reliable estimate of the Company's expected future cash flows to be obtained from the development and production of its oil and gas properties or of the value of its proved oil and gas reserves. The standardized measure is prepared on the basis of certain prescribed assumptions including first-day-of-the-month average prices, which represent discrete points in time and therefore may cause significant variability in cash flows from year to year as prices change.
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Future cash inflows
|
|
$
|
21,269,502
|
|
$
|
16,967,369
|
|
$
|
4,434,117
|
Future production costs
|
|
|
(3,440,203)
|
|
|
(3,305,941)
|
|
|
(1,220,067)
|
Future development costs
|
|
|
(5,168,271)
|
|
|
(4,008,916)
|
|
|
(1,146,632)
|
Future income tax expense
|
|
|
(2,398,612)
|
|
|
(1,814,510)
|
|
|
(442,285)
|
Future net cash flows for estimated timing of cash flows
|
|
|
10,262,416
|
|
|
7,838,002
|
|
|
1,625,133
|
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows
|
|
|
(6,144,980)
|
|
|
(4,994,097)
|
|
|
(1,082,092)
|
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
4,117,436
|
|
$
|
2,843,905
|
|
$
|
543,041
|
Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves
The following is a summary of the changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows for the proved oil and natural gas reserves during each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Beginning of year
|
|
$
|
2,843,905
|
|
$
|
543,041
|
|
$
|
451,930
|
Sale of oil and natural gas produced, net of production costs
|
|
|
(822,471)
|
|
|
(351,031)
|
|
|
(104,596)
|
Purchase of minerals in place
|
|
|
4,313
|
|
|
507,095
|
|
|
188,317
|
Sales of minerals in place
|
|
|
(319,858)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
1,829,564
|
|
|
1,595,385
|
|
|
168,796
|
Changes in income taxes, net
|
|
|
(277,050)
|
|
|
(488,484)
|
|
|
(206,817)
|
Changes in prices and costs
|
|
|
1,380,323
|
|
|
398,713
|
|
|
(57,034)
|
Previously estimated development costs incurred
|
|
|
67,575
|
|
|
49,977
|
|
|
15,067
|
Net changes in future development costs
|
|
|
(13,317)
|
|
|
(87,375)
|
|
|
11,985
|
Revisions of previous quantities
|
|
|
(1,057,523)
|
|
|
653,567
|
|
|
3,943
|
Accretion of discount
|
|
|
323,927
|
|
|
74,999
|
|
|
103,000
|
Change in production rates and other
|
|
|
158,048
|
|
|
(51,982)
|
|
|
(31,550)
|
End of year
|
|
$
|
4,117,436
|
|
$
|
2,843,905
|
|
$
|
543,041
|
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Natural Gas Producing Activities
The total amount of capitalized costs relating to oil and natural gas producing activities and the total amount of related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization is as follows at the dates indicated (in thousands).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Evaluated oil and natural gas properties
|
|
$
|
2,764,875
|
|
$
|
2,265,525
|
|
$
|
1,144,857
|
Unevaluated oil and natural gas properties
|
|
|
693,023
|
|
|
734,203
|
|
|
428,991
|
Accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(498,811)
|
|
|
(362,406)
|
|
|
(196,567)
|
Total
|
|
$
|
2,959,087
|
|
$
|
2,637,322
|
|
$
|
1,377,281
|
Costs Incurred in Oil and Natural Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration and Development Activities
Costs incurred in property acquisition, exploration and development activities were as follows for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2016
|
Property acquisition costs, proved
|
|
$
|
4,422
|
|
$
|
269,429
|
|
$
|
230,910
|
Property acquisition costs, unproved
|
|
|
85,863
|
|
|
386,515
|
|
|
235,652
|
Exploration and extension well costs
|
|
|
11,979
|
|
|
16,076
|
|
|
72,875
|
Development
|
|
|
927,985
|
|
|
795,273
|
|
|
63,006
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,030,249
|
|
$
|
1,467,293
|
|
$
|
602,443
|
Note 21. Subsequent Events
Quarterly Preferred Stock Dividend
Merger with Chesapeake
In February 2019, we were acquired by Chesapeake for approximately 717.3 million shares of Chesapeake common stock and $381.1 million in cash. Immediately following the completion of the acquisition, WildHorse Development merged with and into Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake. Following the completion of the Merger on February 1, 2019, Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., as successor to WildHorse Development, was a wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake.
On February 1, 2019, we paid our financial advisors $23.1 million of advisory fees, which were contingent upon the closing of the merger with Chesapeake. The contingent fee was not deemed probable at December 31, 2018.
On February 1, 2019, Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., as successor by merger to WildHorse, entered into a sixth amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to its Credit Agreement. Among other things, the Sixth Amendment (i) amended the merger covenant and the definition of change of control to permit the WildHorse Merger and (ii) permits borrowings under the Credit Agreement to be used to redeem or repurchase the 2025 Senior Notes so long as certain conditions are met.
On February 1, 2019, Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C., as successor by merger to WildHorse, and Brazos Valley Longhorn Finance Corp., a Delaware corporation ("BVL Finance Corp.") and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a fourth supplemental indenture (the "Fourth Supplemental Indenture") to the 2025 Indenture. Pursuant to the Fourth Supplemental Indenture, (i) the Brazos Valley Longhorn, L.L.C. assumed the rights and obligations of WildHorse
Table of Contents
BRAZOS VALLEY LONGHORN, L.L.C.
(Successor in interest to WildHorse Resource Development Corporation)
as issuer under the 2025 Indenture and (ii) BVL Finance Corp. was named as a co-issuer of the 2025 Senior Notes under the 2025 Indenture.
If the 2025 Senior Notes are downgraded within 90 days after the consummation of the WildHorse Merger (which constitutes a "Change of Control" under the 2025 Indenture), the 2025 Indenture requires the Company (or a third party, in certain circumstances) to make an offer to repurchase the 2025 Senior Notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, within 30 days of such downgrade. If any holder of 2025 Senior Notes accepts such offer, the Company may (subject to the terms and conditions thereof) fund the purchase price with loans under the Credit Agreement, use cash on hand, issue debt securities or use other sources of liquidity to fund such repurchase.