Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition or Plan of Operation

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

Our unaudited financial statements are stated in United States Dollars (US$) and are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this quarterly report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this quarterly report.

Our financial statements are stated in United States Dollars (US$) and are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

In this quarterly report, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars and all references to “common shares” refer to the common shares in our capital stock.

As used in this quarterly report, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” and “our company” mean Artelo Biosciences, Inc., and our wholly owned subsidiaries, Trinity Reliant Ventures Limited, an Ireland corporation and Trinity Research & Development Limited, an England and Wales corporation, unless otherwise indicated.

Overview

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on May 2, 2011 under the name Knight Knox Development Corp. Our principal address is 888 Prospect Street, Suite 210, La Jolla, California, USA and our European office is located at 29 Fitzwilliam Street, Upper, Dublin 2 Ireland. Our telephone number in North America is 760-943-1689 and our European office number is +353 (1) 443 4604.

From inception to January 2017 our business plan was that of a development stage e-commerce company with the intention of operating a fully functional auction site where customers would register for an account and sell and purchase goods and services. Beginning in April 2017, we changed our business plan and we are now focused on becoming a specialty biopharmaceutical company that intends to license, develop and commercialize novel cannabinoid therapeutic treatments, although we have licensed one provisional patent pertaining to a novel cannabinoid-based drug combination to date, we are not yet developing any such treatments.

On January 19, 2017, a majority of our stockholders and our board of directors approved a name change from Knight Knox Development Corp. to Reactive Medical Inc., to better reflect a change of direction of our business. In addition, the majority stockholder and our board of directors approved an increase to our authorized capital from 75,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 to 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001. The change of name became effective with the OTC Markets at the opening of trading on February 10, 2017 under the symbol “RMED”.

On April 3, 2017, Mr. Peter O’Brien resigned from his positions as President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of the company and was appointed Senior Vice President of European Operations. On April 3, 2017, Mr. Gregory Gorgas was appointed President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, Treasurer and a member of our board of directors. On that date, the Company entered into an employment contract with Mr. Gorgas, which commits the Company and Mr. Gorgas to specific rights and responsibilities, customary to industry standards. For example, upon fulfilling certain obligations, including raising capital in excess of $5,000,000 Mr. Gorgas will be paid an annual salary of $250,000 and be eligible for additional compensation in the form of bonus, equity, and benefits, commensurate with industry standards. Per the terms of the employment agreement, that any investment in, or appointment to or continuing service on a board of directors or similar body of, any corporation or entity, must be approved in writing by the Company. The agreement includes non-competition terms. The employment agreement can only be terminated in accordance with the Term of Employment specified in the agreement.

Simultaneously, on April 3, 2017, Mr. Gorgas entered into a stock purchase agreement to purchase 1,760,000 shares of common stock for a purchase price of $1,760.

On April 14, 2017, with the approval of its board of directors and shareholders owning a majority of our company’s issued and outstanding shares by written consent in lieu of a meeting, we filed a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada, changing our name to Artelo Biosciences, Inc., effective as of April 28, 2017. The change of name became effective on the OTC Markets on May 2, 2017 under the symbol “ARTL”.

On May 2, 2017, we entered into an Exclusive Patent License Agreement with Analog Biosciences, Inc. pursuant to which we obtained an exclusive license to two provisional patent applications, and any patent issued on such patent application, related to a combination product strategy to produce a synergy with cannabidiol which was previously assigned to Analog. We have discontinued development of the two provisional patents licensed from Analog.

On December 20, 2017, we entered into a license agreement with NEOMED (the “NEOMED Agreement”). The NEOMED Agreement, which has an effective date of January 2, 2018, provides our company with up to twelve months from the date of receipt by our company of the required materials to conduct certain non-clinical research studies, diligence and technical analyses with the Compound and an option for an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize products comprising or containing the Compound. Pursuant to the terms of the NEOMED Agreement, within 30 days after the effective date of the NEOMED Agreement, NEOMED, without additional consideration and at its sole cost, delivered to our company certain technology transfer materials and the quantity of the Compound substance specified in a research plan, both as set out under the NEOMED Agreement. We will have one year from the date of receipt by our company of the required materials to exercise the option. Upon exercise of the option, NEOMED will provide our company with an exclusive worldwide license under all of NEOMED’s intellectual property rights covering the Compound (“Licensed IP Rights”) to research, develop, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, have sold and import products containing the Compound and otherwise exploit the Licensed IP Rights in all fields.

On January 18, 2018, we entered into a license agreement with the Research Foundation at Stony Brook University (the “Stony Brook Agreement”) which became effective on that same date. The Stony Brook Agreement provides us with an exclusive license under certain licensed patents of the Foundation (the "Patent Rights") to develop, make, manufacture, have made, use, sell, have sold, import, export, and offer for sale Patent Product(s) (as defined in the Stony Brook Agreement) and Other Product(s) (as defined in the Stony Brook Agreement) worldwide in all fields, including without limitation the field of human therapeutics. The Agreement has an effective date of January 18, 2018 (the "Effective Date").

Pursuant to the Stony Brook Agreement, we will pay to the Foundation an upfront fee and annual License maintenance fees, beginning on the first anniversary of the Effective Date and annually thereafter on each anniversary of the Effective Date.

We will be required to pay a low-single digit royalty on net sales on any patent products (the "Royalties"). The Stony Brook Agreement provides for a reduction of the Royalties in certain cases.

Pursuant to the Stony Brook Agreement, we will also pay to the Foundation, beginning in the first calendar year of the first commercial sales, an annual minimum royalty fee (the "Annual Minimum Royalty"). The Annual Minimum Royalty will be credited against the total Royalties due for the calendar year in which the Annual Minimum Royalty.

Our company is focused on licensing, developing and commercializing treatments associated with the endocannabinoid system (the “ECS”). We plan to conduct research with our programs in accordance with traditional drug development standards and available to the general public via prescription or physician orders after obtaining marketing authorization from a regulatory authority, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

We have two wholly owned subsidiaries, Trinity Reliant Ventures Limited, in Ireland, and Trinity Research & Development Limited, in England and Wales.

We have never declared bankruptcy, been in receivership, or involved in any kind of legal proceeding.

Our Current Business

We are an ethical biopharmaceutical company focused on licensing, developing and commercializing treatments intended to modulate the endocannabinoid system (the “ECS”).

The ECS encompassing cannabinoid receptors, endogenous receptor ligands (endocannabinoids) and their associated transporter mechanisms, as well as enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids has emerged as a promising target for pharmacotherapeutic approaches for numerous diseases.

Modulation of the ECS can be effected by using selective or non-selective agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists, and antagonists of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). The actions of endogenous ligands can be enhanced or attenuated by targeting mechanisms that are associated with their transport within the cellular and extra cellular matrix (e.g. FABPs) as well as their synthesis (e.g. DAGL) and breakdown (e.g. FAAH). Small molecule chemical modulators of the ECS can either be derived from the cannabis plant (phytocannabinoids) or can be semi-synthetic derivatives of phytocannabinoids or endocannabinoids, or completely synthetic new chemical entities. Artelo has approaches within its current portfolio that address receptor binding and endocannabinoid transport modulation using both a synthetic composition of a naturally-occurring cannabinoid and new chemical entity approaches.

The ECS is a widespread modulatory system that plays important roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, synaptic plasticity, and the response to endogenous and environmental insults. The CB ₁ receptor is distributed in brain areas associated with motor control, emotional responses, motivated behavior and energy homeostasis. In the periphery, CB ₁ is ubiquitously expressed in the adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, GI tract, skeletal muscles, heart and the reproductive system. The CB ₂ receptor is mainly expressed in the immune system where it has a role in regulating its functions and is upregulated in response to tissue stress or damage in most cell types. The ECS is therefore involved in pathophysiological conditions in both the central and peripheral tissues. Cannabis, extracts from cannabis, and federally-approved cannabinoid-based medicines are already used to treat numerous medical conditions. The ECS is further implicated in many disease states within the peer reviewed literature including conditions which involve the regulation of food intake, central nervous system, pain, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune and inflammation, behavioral, antiproliferative and reproductive functions. These areas of ECS pathophysiology are aligned with our Company’s therapeutic focus: pain, inflammation, anorexia, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.

Results of Operations

The following summary of our results of operations, for the three months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017, should be read in conjunction with our interim financial statements, as included in this Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements for the year ended August 31, 2018, as included in Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 29, 2018.

Our financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern and, accordingly, do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and realization of assets and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue in operation. We expect we will require additional capital to meet our long term operating requirements. We expect to raise additional capital through, among other things, the sale of equity or debt securities, but we cannot guarantee that we will be able to achieve the capital required to execute our business.

The following table provides selected financial data about our company as of November 30, 2018 and August 31, 2018.

We have not generated any revenues since inception through November 30, 2018. The decrease in cash was primarily due to an increase in operating expenses offset by proceeds from stock issuance.

For the Three Months Ended November 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended November 30, 2017

Our operating expenses, for the three months ended November 30, 2018 were $556,903 compared to $277,057 for the same period in 2017. The Company's operating expenses were primarily related to professional fees for ongoing regulatory requirements, research and development and general and administrative expenses.

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

During the three months ended November 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $401,152 compared to cash used in operating activities of $169,899 during the period ended November 30, 2017. The cash used from operating activities was primarily attributed to net loss of $556,903 offset by stock based compensation of $41,051 and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $105,427.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

The company did not use any funds for investing activities during the three months ended November 30, 2018 and used $867 for investing activities during the three months ended November 30, 2017.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

During the three months ended November 30, 2018, the company received $170,774 from the issuance of common shares, $3,686 as an advance from a related party and repaid $558 to a related party. During the three months ended November 30, 2017, the company received $9,951 as an advance from a related party, $10,000 the issuance of common shares and repaid $8,505 to a related party. 

Going Concern

The Company’s financial statements are prepared using GAAP in the United States of America applicable to a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has not established an ongoing source of revenues sufficient to cover its operating cost and requires additional capital to commence its operating plan. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need, among other things, additional capital resources. Management’s plan to obtain such resources for the Company include: sales of equity instruments; traditional financing, such as loans; and obtaining capital from management and significant stockholders sufficient to meet its minimal operating expenses. However, management cannot provide any assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangement

We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not have any undisclosed borrowings or debt, and we have not entered into any synthetic leases. We are, therefore, not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market, or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make certain estimates and apply judgments. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be important at the time the financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review our accounting policies and how they are applied and disclosed in our financial statements.