EARS Auris Medical Holding AG

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This management’s discussion and analysis is designed to provide you with a narrative explanation of our financial condition and results of operations. We recommend that you read this in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 included as Exhibit 99.1 to this Report on Form 6-K, which have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 34, Interim Financial Reporting . We also recommend that you read our management’s discussion and analysis and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

On March 13, 2018, Auris Medical Holding AG merged into Auris Medical NewCo Holding AG (the “Merger”), a newly incorporated, wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary (“Auris NewCo”) following shareholder approval at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held on March 12, 2018. Following the Merger, Auris NewCo, the surviving company had a share capital of CHF 122,347.76, divided into 6,117,388 common shares with a nominal value of CHF 0.02 each. Pursuant to the Merger, our shareholders received one common share with a nominal value of CHF 0.02 of Auris NewCo for every 10 common shares in Auris Medical Holding AG held prior to the Merger, effectively resulting in a “reverse stock split” at a ratio of 10-for-1. Auris NewCo changed its name to “Auris Medical Holding AG” as part of the consummation of the Merger, effective March 13, 2018. On March 14, 2018 the common shares of Auris NewCo began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “EARS.”

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to “Auris Medical Holding AG” or “Auris,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to Auris Medical Holding AG, together with its subsidiaries, prior to our corporate reorganization by way of the Merger (as defined below) on March 13, 2018 (i.e. to the transferring entity), and to Auris Medical Holding AG (formerly Auris Medical NewCo Holding AG), together with its subsidiaries after the Merger (i.e. to the surviving entity). The trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this discussion and analysis are property of their respective owners.

Unless indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report on Form 6-K to our common shares as of any date prior to March 13, 2018 refer to our common shares (having a nominal value of CHF 0.40 each) prior to the 10:1 “reverse stock split” effected through the Merger and all references to our common shares as of, and after, March 13, 2018 refer to our common shares (having a nominal value of CHF 0.02 each) after the 10:1 “reverse stock split” effected through the Merger.

We prepare and report our consolidated financial statements and financial information in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”). None of our financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). We maintain our books and records in Swiss Francs. We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this management’s discussion and analysis. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to currency amounts in this discussion and analysis are in Swiss Francs.

This discussion and analysis is dated as of November 15, 2018.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel products that address important unmet medical needs in neurotology and mental health supportive care. We are focusing on the development of intranasal betahistine for the treatment of vertigo (AM-125) and for the treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and somnolence (AM-201). These projects have gone through two Phase 1 trials and we expect to move into proof-of-concept studies in 2019. In addition, we have two Phase 3 programs under development: (i) Keyzilen ® (AM-101), which is being developed for the treatment of acute inner ear tinnitus and (ii) AM-111, which is being developed for the treatment of acute inner ear hearing loss. AM-111 has been granted orphan drug status by the FDA and the EMA and has been granted fast track designation by the FDA.

Recent Developments

Positive Results From Second Phase 1 Clinical Trial With Intranasal Betahistine (AM-125)

On October 17, 2018 we announced positive results from the second Phase 1 trial evaluating intranasal betahistine in healthy volunteers. The study results demonstrated superior bioavailability over a range of four intranasal betahistine doses compared to oral betahistine, with plasma exposure being 6 to 29 times higher (p-value between 0.056 and p<0.0001). Further, it confirmed the good safety profile of intranasal betahistine and showed that the treatment was well tolerated when administered three times daily for three days.

The randomized double blind placebo controlled Phase 1 trial with dose escalation enrolled a total of 72 healthy volunteers. One group of study participants received a single dose of intranasal betahistine or placebo and, following a wash-out period, three doses daily for three days. Single doses were escalated up to 60 mg, and repeated doses up to 40 mg. For the latter, the maximum tolerated dose based on local tolerability was determined at 40 mg. The other group of study participants received oral betahistine or placebo for reference. Pharmacokinetic parameters in blood plasma were determined for betahistine and its metabolites, and relative bioavailability for intranasal betahistine was calculated compared to oral betahistine 48 mg, which is the maximum approved daily dose as marketed world-wide (ex US). The Company plans to initiate two randomized double blind placebo controlled proof-of-concept studies with intranasal betahistine (AM-125 and AM-201) in the first quarter of 2019. In the planned Phase 2 clinical trial with AM-125 (”TRAVERS”) , the Company will enroll patients suffering from acute vertigo following vestibular schwannoma resection. In the next step for the AM-201 program, the Company will conduct a Phase 1 pharmacokinet-ic/pharmacodynamic study in healthy volunteers to evaluate intranasal betahistine in the prevention of olanzapine-induced weight gain.

Launch of Project AM-201

On May 15, 2018, we announced the expansion of our intranasal betahistine development program beyond the treatment of vertigo into mental health supportive care indications. Under project code AM-201 we intend to develop intranasal betahistine for the treatment of weight gain and drowsiness (somnolence), which are major side effects of many antipsychotic drugs. As we focus on advancing our AM-125 and AM-201 programs with intranasal betahistine, we announced at the same time that we plan to move forward with our late-stage programs AM-111 for the treatment of acute inner ear hearing loss and AM-101 for the treatment of acute inner ear tinnitus through strategic partnering and with non-dilutive funding.

Scientific Advice from EMA on Development Plan and Regulatory Pathway for AM-111

On May 7, 2018, we announced that we had received positive Scientific Advice from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (“CHMP”) of the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) related to the development plan and regulatory pathway for AM-111. The Scientific Advice (Protocol Assistance) had been requested by us following the results of the HEALOS phase 3 trial. The EMA reviewed our proposed concept for a single pivotal trial with AM-111 0.4 mg/mL in patients suffering from acute profound hearing loss, which builds to a large extent on the design and outcomes from HEALOS. The EMA endorsed the proposed trial design, choice of efficacy and safety endpoints, as well as the statistical methodology. In addition, the EMA provided important guidance on the regulatory path forward and the maintenance of AM-111 ’ s orphan drug designation.

On August 30, 2018, we announced that we received feedback from a Type C meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) related to the development plan and regulatory pathway for AM-111. The FDA reviewed the Company's proposed concept for a placebo-controlled pivotal trial with AM-111 0.4 mg/mL in patients suffering from acute profound hearing loss. The trial protocol builds to a large extent on the design and outcomes from HEALOS and also incorporates specific feedback provided by the EMA. In a written response the FDA endorsed the proposed choice of primary and secondary efficacy endpoints, the safety endpoints, as well as the planned sample size and statistical methodology. In addition, the FDA provided important guidance on the regulatory path forward.

Partnering of AM-111

In early November 2018 we engaged JSB Partners LP, with offices in Boston, Munich and Zug, to identify potential partners for our AM-111 program and to support us in negotiating potential partnering agreements.

Nasdaq Listing Requirements

On July 31, 2018, we received a letter from the Listings Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that our minimum bid price per share of our common shares was below $1.00 for a period of 30 consecutive business days as required by Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. We have a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until January 28, 2019 (the “Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement. In the event we do not regain compliance by January 28, 2019, we may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day grace period. We intend to actively monitor our closing bid price for our common shares between now and January 28, 2019 and intend to take any reasonable actions to resolve our noncompliance with the minimum bid price requirement as may be necessary.

In addition to the minimum closing bid price requirement, we are required to comply with certain other Nasdaq continued listing requirements, including a series of financial tests relating to shareholder equity, market value of listed securities and number of market makers and shareholders. If we fail to maintain compliance with any of those requirements, our common shares could be delisted from Nasdaq’s Capital Market.

LPC Purchase Agreement

On May 2, 2018 we entered into a purchase agreement (the “2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “2018 Registration Rights Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“LPC”). Pursuant to the Commitment Purchase Agreement, LPC agreed to purchase common shares for up to $10,000,000 over the 30-month term of the 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement. The 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement replaces a purchase agreement we entered into with LPC on October 10, 2017 (the “2017 Commitment Purchase Agreement”) which was terminated as a result of the Merger.

As of November 15, 2018, we have issued an aggregate of 750,000 common shares for aggregate proceeds of $488,075 to LPC under the 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement.

Offering of Common Shares and Warrants

On January 26, 2018, we issued and sold 12,499,999 of our common shares. The common shares were offered pursuant to our effective shelf registration statement on Form F-3, which was initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 1, 2015 and declared effective on September 10, 2015 (File No. 333-206710). We refer to such offering of common shares as the “January 2018 Registered Offering.”

In a concurrent private placement, we sold to the investors in the January 2018 Registered Offering warrants to purchase one of our common shares for each common share purchased in the January 2018 Registered Offering. The warrants cover, in the aggregate, 7,499,999 of our common shares. The warrants became exercisable immediately upon their issuance on January 30 2018 at an exercise price of $0.50 per common share, and expire on January 30, 2025. Following the consummation of the Merger, the warrants are exercisable for an aggregate of 750,002 of our common shares (assuming we round up fractional common shares to the next whole common share), at an exercise price of $5.00 per common share.

Amendment of Hercules Loan and Security Agreement

On April 5, 2018, we entered into an agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”) whereby the terms of our Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan and Security Agreement”) with Hercules were amended to eliminate the $5 million liquidity covenant in exchange for a repayment of $5 million principal amount outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement. As of September 30, 2018, the amount outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement was CHF 2,144,235.

Capital Increase

On June 28, 2018, an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders approved an ordinary share capital increase and certain changes to our Articles of Association to increase our authorized share capital and our conditional share capital for financing purposes (collectively, the “Capital Increase”). On July 17, 2018, the Company closed its registered offering of 17,948,717 common shares, Series A warrants to purchase 6,282,050 common shares and Series B warrants to purchase 4,487,179 common shares. We refer to such offering of common shares as the “July 2018 Registered Offering.”

Since the July 2018 Registered Offering, certain Series A warrant holders exercised their warrant shares to purchase 2,904,518 common shares of the Company and certain Series B warrant holders exercised warrant shares to purchase 2,864,422 common shares. As of November 15, 2018, our issued fully paid-in share capital consists of CHF 611,700.90, divided into 30,585,045 common shares with a nominal value of CHF 0.02 each and no preferred shares.

Collaboration and License Agreements

There have been no material changes to our collaboration and license agreements from those reported in “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects–Operating results—Collaboration and License Agreements” in the Annual Report.

Research and Development Expense

Our research and development expense is highly dependent on the development phases of our research projects and therefore may fluctuate substantially from period to period. Our research and development expense mainly relates to the following key programs:

Phase 3 trials and two open label follow-on trials. We completed enrollment of the last of these trials (TACTT3) in September 2017. On March 13, 2018, we announced that preliminary top-line data from the TACTT3 trial indicated that the study did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint of a statistically significant improvement in the Tinnitus Functional Index score from baseline to Day 84 in the active treated group compared to placebo either in the overall population or in the otitis media subpopulation. We anticipate that our research and development expenses in connection with the Keyzilen ^® trials will be lower in 2018 than in 2017, reflecting the completion of these trials.

Other research and development expenses mainly relate to our pre-clinical studies of AM-102 (second generation tinnitus treatment). The expenses mainly consist of costs for synthesis of the pre-clinical compounds and costs paid to academic and other research institutions in conjunction with pre-clinical testing.

For a discussion of our other key financial statement line items, please see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects–Operating results—Financial Operations Overview” in the Annual Report.

Results of Operations

The numbers below have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The discussion below should be read along with this financial information, and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to them.

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

Research and development expense

Research and development expenses amounted to CHF 1.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018. This represents a decrease of about CHF 2.5 million from research and development expenses of CHF 4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Research and development expenses reflected the following:

Research and development expenses amounted to CHF 6.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This represents a decrease of about CHF 8.2 million from research and development expenses of CHF 14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Research and development expenses reflected the following:

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expense amounted to CHF 1.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to CHF 1.3 million in the same period in the previous year. Administration costs were lower mainly due to lower personnel cost expenses partly offset by higher depreciation of tangible assets.

General and administrative expense amounted to CHF 3.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to CHF 4.0 million in the same period in the previous year. The decrease is related to lower employee benefits due to lower headcount and employee benefit-related expenses, partly offset by higher administration costs mainly due to higher legal fees related to the Merger.

Interest income

Interest income decreased by CHF 8 thousand in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, due to the termination of short-term deposits.

Interest income decreased by CHF 54 thousand in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, due to the termination of short-term deposits.

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same prior year period by CHF 0.3 million. The decrease relates to a reduction in the outstanding balance of the loan under the Loan and Security Agreement, as we commenced repayment of the loan facility in July 2017 and made an extraordinary repayment of $5 million principal amount in April 2018.

Interest expense decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same prior year period by CHF 0.3 million. The decrease relates to a reduction in the outstanding balance of the loan under the Loan and Security Agreement, as we commenced repayment of the loan facility in July 2017. Following the modification of the loan to repay $5 million, a loss of CHF 334,747 was recognized in connection with the modification of the loan and transaction costs. This loss is presented in the line interest expense in the condensed consolidated interim statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or loss.

Foreign currency exchange gain / (loss), net

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, foreign currency exchange loss was CHF 0.1 million higher than during the same period in the previous year, due to the impact of the appreciation of the US$ currency and the increased US$ cash and cash equivalents held by the Company from the July 2018 Registered Offering.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, foreign currency exchange loss was CHF 0.7 million lower than during the same period in the previous year, due to the impact of the appreciation of the US$ currency and the increased US$ cash and cash equivalents held by the Company from the January 2018 Registered Offering and the July 2018 Registered Offering.

Revaluation gain / (loss) from derivative financial instruments

In connection with the Hercules Loan and Security Agreement, we issued Hercules a warrant to purchase up to 241,117 of the Company’s common shares at an exercise price of US$ 3.94 per share. As of March 13, 2018 following the consummation of the Merger, the warrant was exercisable for 15,673 common shares at an exercise price of $39.40 per common share. As of September 30, 2018 the fair value of the warrant amounted to CHF 1,065. The revaluation gain of the derivative for the nine months ended September, 2018 amounted to CHF 22,285, which is a decrease of CHF 39,384 when comparing to the same period in 2017. Since its initial recognition, the fair value decreased by CHF 407,115 resulting in a revaluation gain in the corresponding amount (fair value as of July 19, 2016: CHF 408,180).

On February 21, 2017 we issued 10,000,000 warrants in connection with the January 2018 Registered Offering, each warrant entitling its holder to purchase 0.70 of a common share at an exercise price of US$ 1.20 per common share. Additionally, the underwriter was granted a 30-day option to purchase up to 1,500,000 additional common shares and/or 1,500,000 additional warrants, of which the underwriter partially exercised its option for 1,350,000 warrants. As of March 13, 2018, following the consummation of the Merger, the warrants became exercisable for an aggregate of 794,000 of our common shares, at an exercise price of $12.00 per common share. As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of the warrants amounted to CHF 50,070. The revaluation gain of the derivative for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 amounted to CHF 1,763,343, which is an increase of CHF 63,221 when comparing to the same period in 2017. Since its initial recognition, the fair value decreased by CHF 5,040,393, resulting in a gain in the corresponding amount (fair value as of February 21, 2017: CHF 5,090,463).

On January 30, 2018 we issued 7,499,999 warrants in connection with a direct offering of 12,499,999 common shares, each warrant entitling its holder to purchase one common share at an exercise price of $0.50 per common share. As of March 13, 2018, following the consummation of the Merger, the warrants became exercisable for an aggregate of 750,002 of our common shares (assuming we decide to round up fractional common shares to the next whole common share), at an exercise price of $5.00 per common share. As of September 30, 2018 the fair value of the warrants amounted CHF 161,737. Since its initial recognition, the fair value of the warrants has decreased by CHF 2,322,010, resulting in a gain in the corresponding amount (fair value as of January 30, 2018: CHF 2,483,747).

On July 17, 2018 we issued 6,282,050 Series A warrants and 4,487,179 Series B warrants in connection with the July 2018 Registered Offering of 17,948,717 common shares, each warrant entitling its holder to purchase one common share at an exercise price of CHF0.39 per common share. As of September 30, 2018 the fair value of the warrants amounted CHF 872,217. Since its initial recognition, the fair value of the warrants has decreased by CHF 24,224, resulting in a gain in the corresponding amount (fair value as of July 17, 2018: CHF 896,441).

Transaction costs

Transaction costs increased by CHF 0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the previous period, due to transaction costs related to the July 2018 Registered Offering.

Transaction costs increased by CHF 14 thousand in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the previous period, due to higher fees and transaction costs related to the equity offering in the first quarter of 2018 and the July 2018 Registered Offering compared to the equity offering in the first quarter of 2017.

Cash flows

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The table below summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

The decrease in net cash used in operating activities from CHF 4.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017 to CHF 4.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 was mainly due to lower operating expenses compared to the same period in 2017. The increase in net cash used in financing activities is due to the July 2018 Registered Offering.

Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The table below summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

The decrease in net cash used in operating activities from CHF 17.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to CHF 11.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was mainly due to lower operating expenses compared to the same period in 2017. Net cash from financing activities decreased as the net proceeds of the January 2018 Registered Offering of $ 4.9 million and the July 2018 Registered Offering of $6.2 million were partly used for the $ 5.0 million repayment and the regular monthly amortizations of $ 3.9 million on the Hercules loan.

Cash and funding sources

On July 17, 2018 we completed a public offering of 17,948,717 common shares with a nominal value of CHF 0.02 each, 6,282,050 Series A warrants entitling its holder to purchase a common share and 4,487,179 Series B warrants entitling its holder to purchase a common share. The net proceeds to us from the July 2018 Registered Offering were approximately $6.2 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses payable by us. The outstanding Series A warrants issued in the July 2018 Registered Offering are exercisable for up to 6,282,051 common shares at an exercise price of CHF 0.39 per common share and the outstanding Series B warrants issued in the July 2018 Registered Offering are exercisable for up to 4,487,178 common shares at an exercise price of CHF 0.39 per common share.

On May 2, 2018 we entered into the 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement and the 2018 Registration Rights Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“LPC”). Pursuant to the 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement, LPC agreed to purchase common shares for up to $10,000,000 over the 30-month term of the 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement. As of November 15, 2018, we have issued an aggregate of 750,000 common shares for aggregate proceeds of $488,075 to LPC under the 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement.The 2018 Commitment Purchase Agreement

replaced a prior Commitment Purchase Agreement with LPC (the “2017 Commitment Purchase Agreement”), which was terminated as a result of the Merger. Under the 2017 Commitment Purchase Agreement, LPC agreed to subscribe for up to $13,500,000 of our common shares and prior to its termination, we had issued an aggregate of 2,600,000 common shares for aggregate proceeds of $1.8 million to LPC under the 2017 Commitment Purchase Agreement.

On January 30, 2018 we completed a public offering of 12,499,999 common shares with a nominal value of CHF 0.40 each and a concurrent offering of 7,499,999 warrants, each warrant entitling its holder to purchase one common share. The net proceeds to the Company from the January 2018 Registered Offering were approximately $4.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. As of March 13, 2018, following the consummation of the Merger, the outstanding warrants issued in the January 2018 offering were exercisable for up to 750,002 common shares (assuming we decide to round up fractional common shares to the next whole common share) at an exercise price of $5.00 per common share.

On October 16, 2017 we issued 1,744,186 common shares to LPC for aggregate proceeds of $1,500,000.

On February 21, 2017 we completed a public offering of 10,000,000 common shares with a nominal value of CHF 0.40 each and 10,000,000 warrants, each warrant entitling its holder to purchase 0.70 of a common share. The net proceeds to us from the offering were approximately CHF 9.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses payable by us. The underwriter was granted a 30-day option to purchase up to 1,500,000 additional common shares and/or 1,500,000 additional warrants, of which the underwriter partially exercised its option in the amount of 1,350,000 warrants. As of March 13, 2018, following the consummation of the Merger, the outstanding warrants issued in the February 2017 offering were exercisable for up to 794,500 common shares at an exercise price of $12.00 per common share.

On July 19, 2016 the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules for a secured term loan facility of up to $20.0 million. An initial tranche of $12.5 million was drawn on July 19, 2016, concurrently with the execution of the loan agreement. The loan matures on January 2, 2020 and bears interest at a minimum rate of 9.55% per annum, and is subject to the variability of the prime interest rate. The loan is secured by a pledge of the shares of Auris Medical AG owned by the Company, all intercompany receivables owed to the Company by its Swiss subsidiaries and a security assignment of the Company’s bank accounts. In connection with the loan facility, we issued Hercules a warrant to purchase up to 241,117 of our common shares at an exercise price of $3.94 per share. As of March 13, 2018, following consummation of the Merger, the warrant is exercisable for 15,673 common shares at an exercise price of $39.40 per common share. On April 5, 2018 we entered into an agreement with Hercules whereby the terms of the Loan and Security Agreement were amended to eliminate the $5 million liquidity covenant in exchange for a repayment of $5 million principal amount outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement. 

We have no other ongoing material financial commitments, such as lines of credit or guarantees that are expected to affect our liquidity over the next five years, other than leases.

Funding requirements

We expect that our operating expenses for 2018 will be in the range of CHF 10.0 to CHF 12.9 million and that the existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second quarter of 2019. In addition, we anticipate that the issuance of our common shares under the LPC Purchase Agreement will enable the Company to further fund its operations and capital requirements. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

We expect that we will require additional funding to continue our ongoing clinical development activities and seek to obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize, our product candidates. If we receive regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, and if we choose not to grant any licenses to partners, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution, depending on where we choose to commercialize. Additional funds may not be available on a timely basis, on favorable terms, or at all, and such funds, if raised, may not be sufficient to enable us to continue to implement our long-term business strategy. If we are not

able to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs or commercialization efforts. Likewise, if we are unable to refinance amounts outstanding under our existing term loan facility before such amounts are due we may be unable to repay such amounts, which could result in foreclosure of the collateral pledged to secure such loan.

We may raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities. In such an event, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of these new securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a holder of our common shares. We may also seek to refinance out outstanding indebtedness.

For more information as to the risks associated with our future funding needs, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk factors” in the Annual Report.

Under the terms of our collaboration and license agreement with Xigen, we are obliged to make development milestone payments on an indication-by-indication basis of up to CHF 1.5 million upon the successful completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial and regulatory milestone payments on a product-by-product basis of up to CHF 2.5 million, subject to a mid-twenties percentage reduction for smaller indications, e.g., those qualifying for orphan drug status, upon receiving marketing approval for a product. The milestones are not included in the table above as they have not met the recognition criteria for provisions and the timing of these is not yet determinable as it is dependent upon the achievement of earlier mentioned milestones.

Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement with Otifex Therapeutics Pty Ltd, we are obliged to make a development milestone payment of $200,000 subject to reaching certain development outcomes.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of the date of this discussion and analysis, we do not have any, and during the periods presented we did not have any, off-balance sheet arrangements except for the Operating Lease mentioned in “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations” in the Annual Report.

Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates and Judgment

There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies and estimates described in “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects–Operating results—Significant accounting policies and use of estimates and judgment” in the Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There are no IFRS standards as issued by the IASB or interpretations issued by the IFRS interpretations committee that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after January 1, 2018 that had a material impact on our financial position and performance.

JOBS Act Exemption

On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an “emerging growth company”. As an emerging growth company, we are not required to provide an auditor attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting. This exemption will apply for a period of five years following the completion of our initial public offering (2019) or until we no longer meet the requirements of being an “emerging growth company,” whichever is earlier. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than US$1.07 billion in annual revenue, have more than US$700 million in market value of our common shares held by non-affiliates or issue more than US$1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.