TWER Towerstream Corporation (CE)

Note 2. Liquidity, Going Concern, and Management Plans

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $3.9 million and working capital deficiency of approximately $35.4 million. The Company incurred significant operating losses since inception and continues to generate losses from operations and as of September 30, 2018, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $196.8 million. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date these financial statements are issued. Management has also evaluated the significance of these conditions in relation to the Company’s ability to meet its obligations. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company has monitored and reduced certain of its operating costs over the course of 2017 and into the first nine months of 2018. Historically, the Company has financed its operations through private and public placement of equity securities, as well as debt financing and capital leases. The Company’s ability to fund its longer term cash requirements is subject to multiple risks, many of which are beyond its control. The Company intends to raise additional capital, either through debt or equity financings or through the potential sale of the Company’s assets in order to achieve its business plan objectives. Management believes that it can be successful in obtaining additional capital; however, no assurance can be provided that the Company will be able to do so. There is no assurance that any funds raised will be sufficient to enable the Company to attain profitable operations or continue as a going concern. To the extent that the Company is unsuccessful, the Company may need to curtail or cease its operations and implement a plan to extend payables or reduce overhead until sufficient additional capital is raised to support further operations. There can be no assurance that such a plan will be successful. 

In March 2018, the Company announced that its board of directors had commenced an evaluation of strategic repositioning of the Company as it moves to leverage its existing key assets in major U.S. markets. In conjunction with such announcement, the Company began to focus on indirect and wholesale channels and retained Bank Street Group LLC as its independent financial advisor to explore strategic alternatives, including the sale of some or all of the Company’s business or assets.  There can be no assurances that the process will result in a transaction. Any potential strategic alternative will be evaluated by the board. The Company does not intend to discuss developments with respect to the evaluation process unless a transaction is approved, or further disclosure becomes appropriate. 

In May 2018, the Company adopted a management incentive plan pursuant to which it shall pay up to $2,000,000 in cash bonuses (subject to withholding and deductions) to officers, directors and employees upon either a sale of the Company or a sale of its assets in each case that results in the payment in full of the obligations due under the Loan Agreement (as defined in Note 8 , Short-Term Debt ) (a “Triggering Sale”). Payments under the management incentive plan shall pay participants an aggregate of $1,000,000 upon a Triggering Sale plus up to an additional aggregate of $1,000,000 to be earned proportionately for a Triggering Sale in which the implied enterprise value of the Company based on the consideration paid in such Triggering Sale increases from a minimum of $45,000,000 to a maximum of $55,000,000.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation. The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements and with Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not contain all information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all the adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) to present the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018 and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year for any future period.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s accounting policies are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and updated, as necessary, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Retroactive Adjustment for Reverse Stock Split. On September 29, 2017, the Company effected a one-for-seventy-five reverse stock split of its common stock. Consequently, all earnings per share and other share related amounts and disclosures have been retroactively adjusted for all 2017 periods presented.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Key estimates include fair value of certain financial instruments, carrying value of intangible assets, reserves for accounts receivable and accruals for liabilities.

Concentration of Credit Risk.  Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. At times, our cash and cash equivalents may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalent balances of approximately $3.6 million in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000.

Intrinsic Value of Stock Options and Warrants . The Company calculates the intrinsic value of stock options and warrants as the difference between the closing price of the Company’s common stock at the end of the reporting period and the exercise price of the stock options and warrants.

Goodwill . Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in an acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is reviewed annually in the fourth quarter for impairment, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company initially performs a qualitative assessment of goodwill which considers macro-economic conditions, industry and market trends, and the current and projected financial performance of the reporting unit. No further analysis is required if it is determined that there is a less than 50 percent likelihood that the carrying value is greater than the fair value. There were no indicators of impairment identified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

Recent Accounting Pronouncements . In May 2014 , the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09 (“ASU 2014-09 ” ), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The FASB has consolidated ASU 2014-19 and other revenue accounting standards for specialized transactions and industries into one Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue is recognized when the transfer of goods or services to customers occurs in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has adopted ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 and utilized the modified retrospective method of adoption. See Note 14, Revenues , for further information regarding the implementation and required disclosures related to the Company’s revenues.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 (“ASU 2016-02”), “Leases (Topic 842).”  ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new leases standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which provides a transition option to not apply the new leases standard to comparative periods presented in a company’s financial statements in the year of adoption. Under this option, a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings would be recorded on the date of adoption. The Company is in the process of determining which transition method to apply.  The Company currently expects to adopt these standards in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. While the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2016-02 to assess the impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures,  the Company expects that it will materially increase the assets and liabilities on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as we recognize the rights and corresponding obligations related to operating leases.

Reclassifications.  Certain accounts in the prior year’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the presentation in the current year’s condensed consolidated financial statements. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported net loss. 

Subsequent Events . Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of this filing.

Note 4.    Discontinued Operations

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company determined to exit the business conducted by Hetnets Tower Corporation and curtailed activities in its smaller markets. The remaining network, located in New York City, was the largest and had a lease access contract with a major cable company. As a result, the Company explored opportunities during the fourth quarter of 2015 and continuing into the first quarter of 2016 to sell the New York City network. On March 9, 2016, the Company completed a sale and transfer of certain assets pursuant to an asset purchase agreement with the major cable company (the “Buyer”). Under the terms of the agreement, the Buyer assumed certain rooftop leases and acquired ownership of and the right to operate the Wi-Fi access points and related equipment associated with such leases. The Company retained ownership of all backhaul and related equipment, and the parties entered into an agreement under which the Company provides backhaul services to the Buyer. The agreement is for a three-year period with two one-year renewals and is cancellable by the Buyer on sixty-days’ notice. In connection with the agreement, the Company transferred to the Buyer a net book value of network assets aggregating $2,660,041 in exchange for the backhaul agreement valued at $3,837,783. The backhaul agreement has been recorded as an intangible asset in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

  TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

The components of the balance sheet accounts presented as discontinued operations were as follows:

Accrued expenses represent the estimated cost of terminating the leases associated with the Hetnets business. Accordingly, disbursements associated with such activity during the period ended September 30, 2018 were recorded as reductions to that estimated liability. As of September 30, 2018 and based upon negotiations, settlements and experiences through that date, the Company had reduced that remaining estimated liability by $18,116 to $1,010,906.

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1,275,445 and $1,633,704, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $3,943,219 and $5,397,098, respectively.

Property acquired through capital leases included within the Company’s property and equipment consists of the following:

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $319,815, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $959,446 and $1,090,203, respectively. The fair value of the backhaul agreement acquired in the transaction with a large cable company, as described in Note 4, is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the three-year term of the agreement.  The Company’s licenses with the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) are not subject to amortization as they have an indefinite useful life. Future amortization expense is as follows:

Network represents costs incurred to provide services to the Company’s customers including tower rentals, bandwidth, troubleshooting and gear removal.

  TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

In October 2014, the Company entered into a $35,000,000 note ("Note") with Melody Business Finance, LLC ("Lender") wherein the Company received net proceeds of $33,950,000 after a 3% original issue discount.

This Note accrues interest on the basis of a 360-day year at:

This Note is secured by a first-priority lien and security interest in all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, excluding the capital stock of the Company, and certain capital leases, contracts and assets secured by purchase money security interests.

The Note contains representations and warranties by the Company and the Lender, certain indemnification provisions in favor of the Lender and customary covenants (including limitations on other debt, liens, acquisitions, investments and dividends), and events of default (including payment defaults, breaches of covenants, a material impairment in the Lender’s security interest or in the collateral, and events relating to bankruptcy or insolvency). The Note contains several restrictive covenants and the most significant of which requires the Company to maintain a minimum cash balance of $6,500,000 at all times. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, an additional 5% interest rate will be applied to the outstanding loan balances, and the Lender may terminate its lending commitment, declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable, and take such other actions as set forth in the Note to secure its interests.

Effective January 26, 2018, the Company entered into a Forbearance to Loan Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Lender, as administrative agent to the lenders under the loan agreement entered into on October 16, 2014 by and among the Company, certain of its subsidiaries, the Lender and the lenders party thereto (the “Loan Agreement”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Lender, through March 30, 2018 (the “Forbearance Period”), waived the Company’s requirement to maintain at least $6,500,000 minimum in deposit accounts or securities accounts (the “$6,500,000 Minimum”) and agreed to forbear from exercising any of its rights with respect to an event of default related to the $6,500,000 Minimum provided that the interest on the Note shall accrue at the default rate. The Forbearance Period shall terminate upon the Company’s failure to maintain at least $4,000,000 minimum in deposit accounts or securities accounts or upon the occurrence of certain events of default. The Agreement was amended and restated effective February 28, 2018 to also include a forbearance of Section 6.1(a)(i) of the Loan Agreement “Qualified Auditor’s Report” in the event that the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 contained a going concern qualification. The Agreement was further amended and restated effective March 30, 2018 to extend the forbearance period until April 15, 2018.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Effective April 15, 2018, the Company entered into a second amended and restated Forbearance to Loan Agreement (the “Second Amended and Restated Agreement”) with the Lender and the majority lenders under the Loan Agreement.  Pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement, the Lender and the majority lenders waived the Company’s requirement under Section 6.1(a)(i) of the Loan Agreement to deliver to the Lender an auditor’s report without a “going concern” qualification (the “Qualified Report”) through June 30, 2018. The Forbearance Period was extended through June 30, 2018 (the “Second Forbearance Period”). In addition, the Lender, through the Second Forbearance Period, waived the Company’s requirement to maintain the $6,500,000 Minimum in deposit accounts or securities accounts and agreed to forbear from exercising any of its rights with respect to an event of default related to the Qualified Report and the $6,500,000 Minimum through the Forbearance Period. The Second Forbearance Period shall terminate upon the Company’s failure to maintain at least $3,000,000 minimum in deposit accounts or securities accounts or upon the occurrence of certain events of default. The Company also agreed, among other things, (i) to change the scheduled maturity date from October 16, 2019 to December 31, 2018 (ii) to certain milestones in connection with a proposed sale of the Company, (iii) subject to applicable law, to cease filing periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission and (iiv) to issue to the Lender a new series of preferred stock that will be entitled to receive upon a liquidation event a distribution as set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Agreement.

On May 24, 2018, the parties amended the Second Amended and Restated Agreement to, among other things, extend the compliance period for certain covenants to May 31, 2018 from April 30, 2018 and to revise the milestones for a proposed sale of the Company as set forth therein. Such amendment was effective as of May 15, 2018. 

Effective August 20, 2018, the Company entered into a third amended and restated Forbearance to Loan Agreement (the “Third Amended and Restated Agreement”) with the Lender and the majority lenders under the Loan Agreement.  Pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement, the Lender and the majority lenders waived the Company’s requirement under Section 6.1(a)(i) of the Loan Agreement to deliver to the Lender a Qualified Report through September 30, 2018. The Second Forbearance Period was extended from June 30, 2018 through September 30, 2018 (the “Third Forbearance Period”). The Company also agreed, among other things, to certain milestone dates in connection with a proposed sale of the Company.

The Company has the option to prepay the Note in the minimum principal amount of $5,000,000 plus integral amounts of $1,000,000 beyond that amount subject to certain prepayment penalties. Mandatory prepayments are required upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to: i) the sale, lease, conveyance or transfer of certain assets, ii) issuance or incurrence of indebtedness other than certain permitted debt, iii) issuance of capital stock redeemable for cash or convertible into debt securities; and iv) any change of control.

The Company recorded interest expense of $1,638,414 and $1,063,851 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recorded interest expense of $4,353,464 and $3,048,881 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Of those amounts, the Company paid to the Lender $2,035,904 and $2,032,586 and added $2,035,904 and $1,016,295 of interest to the principal amount of the Note during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The interest rate for the third quarter of 2018 was 18.09% consisting of a cash interest rate of 9.09%, a default interest rate premium of 5.0%, and a 4.0% paid in kind interest rate.  Under the new forbearance agreement entered into by the Company on  October 24, 2018, the Company elected to add $1,259,532 to the outstanding balance due under the loan, which represents the cash interest and default interest rate premium.  See Note 17, Subsequent Events , for further information related to the new forbearance agreement entered into in October 2018.

The Company recorded amortization expense related to the debt discount of $199,987 and $241,428 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense totaled $688,791 and $798,450 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively and classified those amounts as interest expense.

  TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Note 10. Capital Stock 

On May 24, 2018, the Company effected an exchange of warrants with the lenders under the Loan Agreement who held an aggregate of 2,400 shares of common stock (as adjusted for the Company’s 1:20 and 1:75 reverse splits effected in July 2016 and September 2017) for an aggregate of 100 shares of the Company’s newly authorized Series I Preferred Stock (the “Series I Preferred Stock”). The difference in value was de minimis and therefore no deemed dividend was recorded.

Shares of Series I Preferred Stock are not convertible into common stock.

In the event of a liquidation or fundamental transaction, a holder of Series I Preferred Stock shall be redeemed and shall be entitled to receive, per share of Series I Preferred Stock, in cash out of the assets of the Company, whether from capital or from earnings available for distribution to its shareholders (the “Liquidation Funds”), a one-time redemption payment in full satisfaction of all obligations to the holder and in cancellation of the Series I Preferred Stock equal to the quotient of (i) the product of (x) the remainder of Liquidation Funds available for distribution (including any deferred amounts) minus: (A) distribution or payment in full to the holders of the Company’s Series G Convertible Preferred Stock of the liquidation preference amount in accordance with the rights and designations of such series of Senior Preferred Stock, (B) distribution or payment to the holders of the Company’s Series H Convertible Preferred Stock of the liquidation preference amount in accordance with the rights and designations of such series of Senior Preferred Stock; (C) $1,025,437 to be reserved for junior stock holders as their interests appear; and (D) up to $2 million in payments under the 2018 Management and Key Employee Incentive Plan adopted by the Corporation (the Liquidation Funds less the amounts required under (A), (B), (C) and (D) hereof, the “Net Liquidation Funds”), multiplied by (y) 25% divided by (ii) the total number of outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock.

All shares of capital stock of the Company (when and if issued), except for shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock and shares of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding as of May 24, 2018, shall be junior in rank to all shares of Series I Preferred Stock with respect to the preferences as to dividends, distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution, winding-up or fundamental transaction (as defined in the Series I Certificate of Designations) of the Company.

Holders of the Series I Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights except with respect to, and in each case each holder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Series I Preferred Stock held by such holder: (i) amending, altering or repealing any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation (including the Certificate of Designation) of the Company, if the amendment, alteration or repeal of the Certificate of Incorporation would adversely affect the rights, preferences, powers or privileges of the Series I Preferred Stock or (ii) creating, authorizing, issuing or increasing the authorized or issued amount of any class or series of any of the Company’s equity securities, or any warrants, options or other rights convertible or exchangeable into any class or series of any of the Company’s equity securities, which would constitute senior preferred stock or parity stock or reclassify any authorized stock of the Company into any such stock, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or evidencing the right to purchase any such stock. In each such case, at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall vote in favor of such proposal.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

The Series I Preferred Stock was accounted for under Section 480-10-S99 - Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (FASB Accounting Standards Codification 480) as amended by ASU No. 2009-04 – Accounting for Redeemable Equity Instruments (“ASU 2009-04”). Under ASU 2009-04, a redeemable equity security is to be classified as temporary equity if it is conditionally redeemable upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the issuer.

Note 11. Stock Options and Warrants

Stock Options

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value options issued to employees, directors and consultants. Compensation expense, including the estimated effect of forfeitures, is recognized over the period of service, generally the vesting period. Stock compensation expense and the weighted average assumptions used to calculate the fair values of stock options granted during the periods indicated were as follows:

The risk-free interest rate was based on rates established by the Federal Reserve. The expected volatility was based upon the historical volatility for the Company’s common stock. The Company utilized historical data to determine the expected life of stock options. The dividend yield reflected the fact that the Company has not historically paid dividends, and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Stock-based compensation is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The unamortized amount of stock options expense totaled $88,186 as of September 30, 2018 which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

Option transactions under the stock option plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:

Grants under the stock option plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were related to the annual grants to outside directors which totaled 102 shares of common stock.

Options granted during the reporting period had a term of ten years. All options were issued at an exercise price equal to the fair value on the date of grant. The director grants vest over a one year period from the date of issuance. The aggregate fair value of the options granted was $180 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Cancellations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 consisted of 3,730 related to employee terminations and 140 were associated with the expiration of options.

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding options as of September 30, 2018 was 8.2 years.

The intrinsic value associated with the options outstanding was $63 as of September 30, 2018. The intrinsic value associated with the options exercisable was $17 as of September 30, 2018. The closing price of the Company’s common stock at September 28, 2018 was $3.02 per share.

On May 24, 2018, the Company effected an exchange of 2,400 warrants with the Lender for an aggregate of 100 shares of Series I Preferred Stock. See Note 10, Capital Stock , for further information regarding the exchange of warrants.

Note 12. Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Company’s 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP Plan”), participants can purchase shares of the Company’s stock at a 15% discount. A maximum number of 334 shares of common stock can be issued under the ESPP Plan of which all of the authorized shares have been issued as of September 30, 2018. There have been no participants in the ESPP Plan since the three months ended March 31, 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a total of 30 shares were issued under the ESPP Plan with a fair value of $358. The Company recognized $53 of stock-based compensation related to the 15% discount for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Note 13. Fair Value Measurement

The FASB accounting standard for fair value measurements establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. 

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. There were no changes in the valuation techniques during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Note 14. Revenues

In May 2014 , the FASB issued ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue is recognized when the transfer of goods or services to customers occurs in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has adopted ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 and utilized the modified retrospective method of adoption which includes the deferral of commission costs associated with obtaining its customer contracts and revenues associated with customer installations.  The impact to revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was a reduction of $18,993 and $132,820, respectively, as a result of applying Topic 606.  The prior year information has not been restated as the application of Topic 606 did not have a material impact on the accounting treatment of 2017 revenues and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for that period. 

Revenue Recognition

Generally, the Company considers all revenues as arising from contracts with customers.  Revenue is recognized based on the five-step process outlined in ASC 606:

Step 1 – Identify the Contract with the Customer – A contract exists when (a) the parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, (c) the entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, (d) the contract has commercial substance and (e) it is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.

Step 2 – Identify Performance Obligations in the Contract – Upon execution of a contract, the Company identifies as performance obligations each promise to transfer to the customer either (a) goods or services that are distinct or (b) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer.  To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company must apply judgement to determine whether the goods or services are capable of being distinct within the context of the contract.  If these criteria are not met, the goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

Step 3 – Determine the Transaction Price – When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the performance obligation.  The contract terms are used to determine the transaction price.  Generally, all contracts include fixed consideration.  If a contract did include variable consideration, the Company would determine the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price based on expected value method.  Variable consideration would be included in the transaction price, if in the Company’s judgement, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract would not occur.

Step 4 – Allocate the Transaction Price – After the transaction price has been determined, the next step is to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract.  If the contract only has one performance obligation, the entire transaction price will be applied to that obligation.  If the contract has multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price at contract inception.

Step 5 – Satisfaction of the Performance Obligations (and Recognize Revenue) – When an asset is transferred and the customer obtains control of the asset (or the services are rendered), the Company recognizes revenue.  At contract inception, the Company determines if each performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over time.  For device sales, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the goods are transferred to the customer and they obtain control of the asset.  For maintenance contracts, revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligations in the contracts are completed.

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Disaggregation of Revenue

We provide fixed wireless business internet service to companies ranging from small businesses to fortune 500 companies.  The Company recognizes the total revenue provided under a contract ratably over the contract period, including any periods under which the Company has agreed to provide services at no cost. The Company generally enters into contractual agreements with its customers for periods ranging between one to three years.

Deferred Revenues

Customers are billed monthly in advance. Deferred revenues are recognized for that portion of monthly charges not yet earned as of the end of the reporting period. Deferred revenues are also recognized for certain customers who pay for their services in advance.

The Company also defers installation fees billed to the customer and commission costs associated with obtaining new contracts.  The installation fees and commission costs are amortized over the average contract term of new contracts. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $132,820 of deferred installation fees of which $82,690 was included in Deferred Revenues and $50,130 was included in Other Long-Term Liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and $183,091 of deferred commission costs of which $119,353 was included in Other Current Assets and $63,738 was included in Other Assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. 

Note 15. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The following common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share because they were anti-dilutive. The exercise or issuance of these common stock equivalents would dilute earnings per share if the Company becomes profitable in the future

Note 16. Commitments

Operating Lease Obligations

The Company has entered into operating leases related to roof rights, cellular towers, office space, and equipment leases under various non-cancelable agreements expiring through June 2023. Certain of these operating leases include extensions, at the Company's option, for additional terms ranging from one to fifteen years. Amounts associated with the extension periods have not been included in the table below as it is not presently determinable which options, if any, the Company will elect to exercise. As of September 30, 2018, total future operating lease obligations were as follows:

TOWERSTREAM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED 

Rent expenses were as follows:

Rent expenses related to Points of Presence were included in infrastructure and access in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Rent expense related to our corporate offices was allocated between general and administrative, sales and marketing, customer support, and network operations expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Other rent expenses were included in network operations within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In October 2017, the Company amended the lease agreement for its corporate offices and warehouse space located in Rhode Island. The amended lease commenced on January 1, 2018 and expires on December 31, 2024 with an option to renew for an additional five-year term through December 31, 2024. Total annual rent payments begin at $183,256 for 2018 and escalate by approximately 2.5% annually reaching $213,422 for 2024.

Capital Lease Obligations

The Company has entered into capital leases to acquire property and equipment expiring through August 2020. As of September 30, 2018, total future capital lease obligations were as follows: