Item 1. Description of Business
Company Information
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Wyoming on June 3, 2015. We formed Shift Human Capital Management Inc., d/b/a/ ShiftableHR, a wholly-owned subsidiary, in December 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1 Venture, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92618, and our telephone number is (888) 798-9100. Our website address is www.shiftpixy.com. We do not incorporate the information on or accessible through our website into this Report, and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed through, our website a part of this Report.
Business
The Company is primarily a staffing enterprise, providing employment services solutions for businesses and workers in an environment in which shift or other part-time/temporary positions, commonly called “gigs,” are performed.
The trend toward a Gig Economy has begun. A study by Ardent Partners confirms that the trend is significant, noting that nearly of the world’s total workforce is now considered ‘non-employee,’ which includes contingent/contract workers, temporary staff, gig workers, freelancers, professional services, and independent contractors.” Ardent Partners Ltd. “The State of Contingent Workforce Management 2016-2017: Adapting to a New World of Work.” October 2016. In the Gig Economy, businesses such as those in our current target market in the restaurant and hospitality industries often contract with independent contractor workers to perform less than full-time gig engagements, primarily in the form of shift work.
We provide our disruptive solution in the developing nextGEN economy primarily by absorbing our clients’ workers, who we may refer to as “shift workers,” “shifters,” “gig workers,” “worksite employees” and “assigned employees,” as ShiftPixy employees and make those employees available to the client to work the same jobs, as employees of ShiftPixy, thereby shouldering a substantial portion of the employment-related compliance responsibilities. This arrangement also benefits the gig workers who have now become ShiftPixy employees. We plan to allow shifters placed with one of ShiftPixy’s clients to access other shift work with other ShiftPixy clients. In addition to the benefits of working not as independent contractors but as employees, enjoying the protections of workers’ compensation coverage and employment laws as well as the calculation and remittance of applicable employment taxes among other benefits, shifters are also enabled to participate in ShiftPixy’s benefit plan offerings, including minimum essential health insurance coverage plans and a 401(k) plan.
The heart of ShiftPixy’s employment service solutions will be a mobile platform through which, initially, ShiftPixy employees (and ultimately all shifters) will be enabled to find available shift work at ShiftPixy client locations, solving a problem of finding available shift work for both the shifters looking for additional shift work and business clients looking to fill open shifts.
The mobile app is one of the software components of what we call the mobile platform, and together with the ShiftPixy “Command Hub” and the client portal, is being developed, tested and released in stages. We have released and are using the onboarding feature of our software, which enables us to capture all application process related data regarding our assigned employees and to introduce employees to and integrate them into the ShiftPixy Ecosystem. The mobile platform features a Pixy chatbot that leverages artificial intelligence to aid in gathering the data from workers via a series of questions. Following completion of the questions, applicable onboarding paperwork is prepopulated with the data and prepared for signature. We use the app to gather even I-9 required documentation.
Our next phase of development, planned to be offered to our clients during the fourth calendar quarter of 2018, is the implementation of the scheduling component of our software, which is being designed to enable each client worksite to schedule workers and to identify shift gaps that need to be filled. We again plan to leverage artificial intelligence to maintain schedules and fulfillment, using an active methodology to engage and move people to action. We plan to engage certain of our clients to begin using this functionality before the end of the fourth calendar quarter of 2018.
The next succeeding phase of development, also planned to be completed in the fourth calendar quarter of 2018, includes the implementation of our shift intermediation functionality, which is designed to enable our shift workers to receive information regarding and to accept available shift work opportunities. We currently plan to have the onboarding, scheduling and shift intermediation functionalities operable and integrated across our platform by the end of the fourth calendar quarter of 2018; however, the intermediation functionality becomes useful only to the extent that we have meaningful numbers of available workers and client shift opportunities in the same geographic region, which we expect to begin to occur at the end of the fourth calendar quarter of 2018. Our goal is to have the mobile platform serve not only to enable our shift workers to secure additional shift work and our job provider clients to fill open shifts but also to attract new clients who see the value associated with being able to fill open shifts with a ready-to-hire workforce. This software is an important component of our overall ecosystem, and we are excited about our continued development.
The ShiftPixy solution provides compliance-oriented benefits for our business clients. A significant problem for businesses in the Gig Economy involves compliance with employment related regulations imposed by federal, state and local governments, including requirements associated with workers’ compensation insurance, and other traditional employment compliance issues, including the employer mandate provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”). The compliance challenges are often complicated by the actions of many employers in reducing workers’ hours as a means to avoid characterizing employees as “full-time.” Congress is considering amendments to or replacement of the ACA. As of the date of this filing, the ACA has not been formally amended or repealed; however, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 effectively eliminates the individual mandate provisions of the ACA, beginning in 2019. Employers still face regulatory issues and overhead costs for which we believe our services are a cost-effective solution. Also, we believe that a possible benefit to the repeal of the ACA employer mandate provisions may be to reduce our costs associated with the provision of health insurance coverage or payment of applicable penalties and enable us to pass a portion of the savings on to our clients, because we would no longer be subject to the employer mandate costs applicable to the ShiftPixy employees secured from our clients.
As part of our development strategy, in addition to our efforts to onboard clients as a staffing company, we are also onboarding clients via a professional employer organization (“PEO”) solution as well as administrative services only solutions through our wholly-owned subsidiary ShiftableHR. Ultimately, we intend to migrate these clients to the new nextGEN ShiftPixy solution described above.
We are also joining the hot topic dialogue currently going on in the nextGEN Gig Economy about companies such as Uber and others who have been targeted by plaintiff’s attorneys and government agencies for allegedly mischaracterizing employees as independent contractors. We believe that our ShiftPixy business model is a perfect solution for these companies, because we acquire employer status with regard to the workers, not classifying them as independent contractors, and accordingly embracing the compliance obligations associated with being an employer.
ShiftPixy’s headquarters is currently situated in Irvine, California, from which it can reach the Southern California market, and the company has a modest staff in Phoenix. ShiftPixy recently opened an office in New York City, Austin, Texas, Chicago and the Orlando area from which its local sales/services representatives will secure and service clients in those areas, and it plans to open additional physical offices in the following locales: Las Vegas and Atlanta.
Through these office locations, we plan to engage more actively with clients through sales, marketing, employee onboarding, training and payroll processing, in each instance as necessary and appropriate to the applicable market.
These markets collectively account for or allow us to cover approximately 53% of our target market in the restaurant/hospitality sectors. (U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2015. Occupational Employment and Wages.).
We define a client as any business paying us to provide employees or employee related services. We are currently focused on clients in the restaurant and hospitality industries; however, we have clients in a variety of other industries as well. All have written client service agreements. The basic client agreement is substantially similar for all clients, with minor modifications to fit each client’s specific situation, and some differences to account for whether the engagement is with ShiftPixy or its wholly owned subsidiary, Shift Human Capital Management Inc.
We believe ShiftPixy’s anticipated business and revenue growth in the nextGEN Gig Economy will result from the following factors:
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Large Potential Market.
There is a large potential market for ShiftPixy’s services. Current statistics show that there are over 13 million employees working in our current target market--the restaurant and hospitality industries. (U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. September 2016. Table B-1: Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail: Accommodation and Food Services Industry Subsector). Compared to the total workforce in all industries, workers in the restaurant industry have a notably higher percentage of part-time workers. (National Restaurant Association. “News & Research: Restaurant middle class job growth 4x stronger than overall economy.” 13 January 2016). Of course, ShiftPixy plans, subject to workers’ compensation insurance coverage scope limitations, to expand its service offering into other industries as well, particularly where part-time work is a significant component of the applicable labor force, including the retail and health care, especially home health care, sectors.
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Rapid Rise of Independent Workers
. The number of independent workers, totaling approximately 40 million in 2016, is expected to increase to 40% of the private, non-farm U.S. workforce by 2021. (MBO Partners. “America’s Independents / A Rising Economic Force / 2016 State of Independence in America Report / Sixth Annual.” 2016.)
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Technology Affecting and Attitudes towards Employment Related Engagements
. Gig-economy platforms have changed the way part-time workers can identify and connect to work opportunities, and Millennials and others have embraced such technologies as a means to secure short-term employment related engagements.
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New ShiftPixy Mobile App is Designed to Provide Additional Benefits to Employers and NextGen Shift Workers.
Millennials represent approximately 40% of the independent workforce who are over the age of 21 and who work 15 hours or more each week. (MBO Partners. “America’s Independents / A Rising Economic Force / 2016 State of Independence in America Report / Sixth Annual.” 2016.) Mindful that most of its shifters will be Millennials who connect with the outside world primarily through a mobile device, ShiftPixy is poised to significantly expand its business through the ShiftPixy mobile app. The ShiftPixy mobile app is a proprietary application downloaded to mobile devices, allowing ShiftPixy’s shifters to access shift work opportunities at all of ShiftPixy’s clients, not just their current restaurant or hospitality provider, and with an added feature, anticipated to be available in the second half of 2018, also allowing shift employees not working at its clients to access shift work opportunities at all of its clients.
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Marketing Advantages from Strategic Insurance Provider Relationships.
ShiftPixy receives marketing assistance from insurance brokerage and consulting firms, who introduce ShiftPixy to their insurance clients who are not aware of and who could benefit from ShiftPixy’s service offering.
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Ultimate Development of a ShiftPixy Ecosystem.
ShiftPixy’s ultimate goal is to establish the first Ecosystem for employers with a large number of part-time workers, such as restaurants and hospitality businesses, and the ever-growing number of shift workers in the new Gig Economy. In a Gig Economy, part-time/temporary positions are common, and organizations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements. The goal of the Ecosystem is to allow the job provider to be flexible but compliant and the shift worker to manage and scale opportunity and income.
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ACA’s Current Impact on Existing and Potential New Clients.
ShiftPixy’s existing and potential new clients are being significantly impacted by new requirements to provide employees health care coverage under the ACA, the relevant portions of which, with respect to impacting our existing and potential future clients, became effective January 1, 2015, and are likely to be in effect for the near future. As of the date of this filing, the ACA has not been formally amended or repealed; however, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 effectively eliminates the individual mandate provisions of the ACA, beginning in 2019.
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If a potential client in our target market of the restaurant, hospitality and maintenance service business has 50 or more full-time equivalent employees, under the ACA, as currently applicable, it must offer benefits to full-time employees, a very expensive proposition.
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Determining compliance requirements for industries such as restaurant, hospitality and maintenance service business, which employ many part time workers, is very challenging.
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Failure to offer coverage if required under the ACA, as it is currently comprised, can result in significant fines and other penalties.
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The Challenges of Staffing:
Employers have difficulty filling open positions for shift work, and shifters have difficulty in securing shift work at times and dates they are available for such shift work.
The Challenges of Compliance:
Employment law compliance requirements, including those related to the ACA, present a multi-obstacle ridden employment related compliance landscape, including the need to secure applicable workers’ compensation insurance coverage, to effect employment related tax withholdings and filings, and to navigate laws related to hiring and release of employees, including discrimination (race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, disability, pregnancy and sexual orientation), sexual harassment, sick pay and time off, hours of work, minimum wage and overtime, gender pay differentials, immigration, safety, child labor, military leave, garnishment and other wage imposition processing, family and medical leave, COBRA, and unemployment claims.
A business can secure assistance in mitigating and even eliminating these challenges by contracting with ShiftPixy.
The ShiftPixy Solution:
ShiftPixy is developing an Ecosystem comprised of a closed proprietary operating and processing system that helps restaurant or hospitality businesses (and in the future, businesses in additional industries wherein we plan to market our services) as well as shift workers by matching available shifts with available shift workers. The ShiftPixy Ecosystem provides the following benefits:
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Compliance:
ShiftPixy assumes a substantial portion of a business’s employment regulatory compliance issues by having all of client shifter employees become employees of ShiftPixy. As the employer of the shifters, ShiftPixy can assist its clients with the staffing of their shift employee requirements. As ShiftPixy contracts to acquire employer status in relation to the workers, the employment regulatory compliance reporting, tracking and compliance responsibility becomes that of ShiftPixy and not the ShiftPixy client. Similarly, employee vs. independent contractor classification issues, workers’ compensation and other such employee law and regulation compliance issues become the responsibility of ShiftPixy rather than of the ShiftPixy client. Thus, using the ShiftPixy solution, ShiftPixy clients benefit not only from having the time previously spent on these employment compliance issues now available to grow their business, but they also enjoy the confidence of knowing that a staff of shifters, familiar with the client’s operations, will work at the client’s facility, albeit as employees of ShiftPixy. ShiftPixy clients can now focus their energy on the success of their business with assurance that their employment regulatory compliance issues are being addressed by ShiftPixy. The costs associated with the shifters are consolidated and charged, in effect, in conjunction with the shifters’ applicable rates of pay, allowing the clients to fund the employment related costs as the services are used--thereby avoiding various lump sum employment-related cost impositions.
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Cost Containment:
By having access to ShiftPixy’s entire part-time workforce, a client business is enabled to scale up or down more rapidly, making it easier to contain and manage operational costs. The two largest costs for a restaurant are food and labor. (National Restaurant Association “Restaurant Operations Report 2013-2014.) ShiftPixy charges a fixed percentage on wages that allows the client business to budget and plan more effectively without the full weight associated with the threats of penalties or missteps in dealing with employment law compliance related issues.
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Cost Savings:
ShiftPixy is able to use economies of scale in purchasing employer related solutions such as workers’ compensation and other benefits and in general can provide a shift worker to a business at a lower cost than the business can otherwise typically staff a particular position.
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ShiftPixy and its subsidiary collectively serve, as of August 31, 2017, an aggregate of approximately 141 clients with an aggregate of approximately 5,074 employees, including 4,048 employees of ShiftPixy and ShiftableHR that we provide to our clients and 1,026 employees of our clients for whom we provide only payroll administration services. None of these clients represents more than 10% of our revenues for fiscal year 2017.
A client is a business paying us to provide employees or employee related services. We are currently focused on clients in the restaurant and hospitality industries; however, we have clients in a variety of other industries as well. All have written client service agreements. The basic client agreement is substantially similar for all clients, with minor modifications to fit each client’s specific situation, and some differences to account for whether the engagement is with ShiftPixy or its wholly owned subsidiary, Shift Human Capital Management Inc.
ShiftPixy Human Capital Management Inc., d/b/a ShiftableHR
We formed this subsidiary in response to the need to have workers’ compensation policies written in the names of the clients (as may be required by some states) and otherwise in response to client needs for only administrative and processing services rather than the assignment of employees, particularly temporary employees, as offered by ShiftPixy. Under this subsidiary, under circumstances wherein the client remains as the sole employer of the subject employees, we act as a payroll processor, human resources consultant, and administrator of workers’ compensation coverages and claims (providing “administrative services only”). For administrative reasons, we believe that providing these services through a separate legal entity seemed advisable and required, and thus we formed the subsidiary to provide these services. Our goal is to migrate these clients to ShiftPixy.
These services are also available to businesses in all industries, not just the restaurant and hospitality industries. We hope that this mechanism may become a way to onboard new clients into the ShiftPixy Ecosystem when eligible clients to whom we are providing these services recognize the value of the services provided by ShiftPixy, the parent. As of August 31, 2017, ShiftableHR had 101 clients with 3,703 worksite employees, including 1,026 employees for whom we provide only payroll administration services, and ShiftPixy had 40 clients with 1,371 worksite employees.
Potential New Marketing Opportunity
We have seen a potential new market based upon the issue of worker misclassification in the Gig Economy. Gig Economy companies such as Uber may typically classify the people working for them as “independent contractors” rather than “employees” for jobs (gigs). The companies can pay much less for services and in regulatory requirements if their workers are classified as independent contractors. Under state and federal employment laws, workers classified as employees are much more expensive for these companies. However, increasing litigation against Uber and others has increased awareness about this issue. ShiftPixy provides a solution by absorbing workers for these types of Gig Economy companies as employees of ShiftPixy, eliminating any risk of litigation, fines and other worker misclassification problems for these types of Gig Economy companies to the extent they become ShiftPixy clients.
Competition
Competitors to our business model include businesses such as ShiftGig, TaskRabbit and other comparable businesses that seek to arrange short-term work assignments for both employees and independent contractors. Competitors to our Ecosystem, which encompasses on a broad scale, the assignment of a workforce to businesses on a long-term basis, include businesses such as Insperity, TriNet Group, and Wageworks, and the assignment of individual workers to businesses generally on a short-term basis include businesses such as Kelly Services, ManpowerGroup, and Barrett Business Services.
We believe our service offering competes effectively based on our strategy of combining an Ecosystem of employment services with the individualized ability to link trained workers to specific shift work opportunities.
Governmental Regulation
Our business operates in an environment that is affected by numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to labor and employment matters, benefit plans and income and employment taxes. Moreover, because our client engagements involve some form of co-employer relationship with regard to the employees who provide services in employment to our clients, the application of such laws to these non-traditional employer relationships can become complex. Nearly all states have adopted laws or regulations regarding the licensure, registration or certifications of organizations that engage in co-employer relationships. We become subject to such laws and regulations when we enter into co-employer relationships with regard to employees providing services in the jurisdictions where such laws and regulations apply.
The following summarizes what we believe are the most important legal and regulatory aspects of our business:
Federal Regulations
Employer Status
We sponsor certain employee benefit plan offerings as the “employer” of our shift workers under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”) and ERISA. The multiple definitions of “employer” under both the Code and ERISA are not clear and most are defined in part by complex multi-factor tests under common law. We believe that we qualify as an “employer” of our shift workers under both the Code and ERISA, as well as various state regulations, but this status could be subject to challenge by various regulators. For additional information on employer status and its impact on our business and results of operations, refer to Item 1A of this Form 10-K/A, under the heading, “If ShiftPixy is not recognized as an employer of worksite employees under federal and state regulations, or we are deemed to be an insurance agent or third-party administrator, we and our clients could be adversely impacted.”
Affordable Care Act and Health Care Reform
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”) was signed into law in March 2010. The ACA implemented substantial health care reforms with staggered effective dates continuing through 2020, and many provisions in the Act require the issuance of additional guidance from applicable federal government agencies and the states. There could be significant changes to the ACA and health care in general, including the potential modification, amendment or repeal of the ACA. For additional information on the ACA and its impact on our business and results of operations, refer to Item 1A of this Form 10-K/A, under the heading, “Failure to comply with, or changes in, laws and regulations applicable to our business, particularly potential changes to the ACA, could have a materially adverse effect on our marketing plan as well as our reputation, results of operations or financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.” As of the date of this filing, the ACA has not been formally amended or repealed; however, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 effectively eliminates the individual mandate provisions of the ACA, beginning in 2019
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Maintaining the security of information regarding our employees is important to us as we sponsor employee benefit plans and may have access to personal health information of our employees. The manner in which we manage protected health information (PHI) is subject to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act). HIPAA contains substantial restrictions and health data privacy, security and breach notification requirements with respect to the use and disclosure of PHI. Further, under the HITECH Act there are steep penalties and fines for HIPAA violations. Our health plans are covered entities under HIPAA, and we are therefore required to comply with HIPAA’s portability, privacy, and security requirements. For additional information regarding the information we collect, how we maintain the confidentiality of our clients’ and employees’ confidential information and the potential impact to our business if we fail to protect the confidentiality of such data, refer to Item 1A of this Form 10-K/A, under the heading, “We host, collect, use, transmit and store personal and business information, and a security or privacy breach may damage or disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure of confidential information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and cause losses.”
Certified Professional Employer Organization (PEO)
With passage of the Small Business Efficiency Act in 2014, the U.S. Congress clarified the employer status of professional employer organizations that voluntarily become certified under this law for federal tax purposes under the Code. The IRS has started accepting applications for certification under the Code, and we are considering applying for certification of our subsidiary, ShiftableHR.
State Regulations
Nearly all states have adopted provisions for licensing, registration, certification or other formal recognition of co-employers. Such laws vary from state to state but generally provide for monitoring or ensuring the fiscal responsibility of the professional employer organization, and in some cases codify and clarify the co-employment relationship for unemployment, workers’ compensation and other purposes under state laws. The scope of the laws and regulations of states is such that it encompasses the activities of ShiftPixy, Inc., as well as its subsidiary, ShiftableHR. In addition, many state laws require guarantees by ShiftPixy, Inc. of the activities of its subsidiary, ShiftableHR, and in some states we may seek licensure, registration or certification, as applicable, of ShiftPixy, Inc., with its subsidiary, ShiftableHR, because the financials for both organizations are consolidated. We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with the requirements in the states wherein we are conducting business.
We must also comply with state unemployment tax requirements where our clients are located. State unemployment taxes are based on taxable wages and tax rates assigned by each state. The tax rates vary by state and are determined, in part, based on our prior years’ compensation and unemployment claims experience in each state. Certain rates are also determined, in part, by each client’s own compensation and unemployment claims experience. In addition, states have the ability under law to increase unemployment tax rates, including retroactively, to cover deficiencies in the unemployment tax funds.
Intellectual Property
ShiftPixy has registered a trademark in its name, and a copyright in its “Pixy” image. In addition, the company has submitted a patent application in connection with certain features of its mobile application. ShiftPixy has other intellectual property and related rights as well, particularly in connection with our software. We believe that our intellectual property is of considerable importance to our business.
Employees
As of August 31, 2017, we employed 41 people on a full-time basis in our corporate offices, and we served approximately 5,074 active, paid worksite employees.
Available Information
We are a public company and file annual, quarterly and special reports and other information with the SEC. We are not required to, and do not intend to, deliver an annual report to security holders. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference room. Our filings are also available, at no charge, to the public at http://www.sec.gov.
Information Disclosures
Consistent with the SEC’s April 2013 guidance on using social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter to make corporate disclosures and announce key information in compliance with Regulation FD, ShiftPixy is alerting investors and other members of the general public that ShiftPixy will provide updates on operations and progress required to be disclosed under Regulation FD through its social media on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Investors, potential investors, shareholders and individuals interested in our Company are encouraged to keep informed by following us on Twitter, YouTube or Facebook.
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/shiftpixy
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/shiftpixy
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/shiftpixy
Significant Developments in 2018
New Sales Offices
ShiftPixy recently opened offices in New York City, Austin, Texas, Orlando and Chicago from which its local sales/service representatives will secure and service clients in those areas, and it plans to open additional physical offices in the following locales: Las Vegas and Atlanta.
Software Development
The heart of ShiftPixy’s employment service solutions is a technology platform, including a mobile app, through which ShiftPixy employees (and in the future, shift workers not currently in our Ecosystem) will be enabled to find available shift work at ShiftPixy client locations, solving a problem of finding available shift work for both the shifters looking for additional shift work and business clients looking to fill open shifts.
The mobile app is one of the software components of what we call the mobile platform, and together with the ShiftPixy “Command Hub” and the client portal, is being developed, tested and released in stages. We have released and are using the onboarding feature of our software, which enables us to capture all application process related data regarding our assigned employees and to introduce employees to and integrate them into the ShiftPixy Ecosystem. Our new employees no longer have to fill out the burdensome pile of required new employee paperwork. By leveraging artificial intelligence capabilities, new hires are guided by a conversation with a “Pixy” chatbot that asks the necessary questions and generates the required employment documents in a highly personal and engaging way.
Following completion of the questions, applicable onboarding paperwork is prepopulated with the data and prepared for the employee’s signature to be affixed digitally via the app as well. We use the app to gather even I-9 required documentation .
Our next phase of development, planned to be completed in the beginning of the fourth calendar quarter of 2018, is the implementation of the scheduling component of our software, which is being designed to enable each client worksite to schedule workers and to identify shift gaps that need to be filled. We again plan to leverage artificial intelligence to maintain schedules and fulfillment, using an active methodology to engage and move people to action. We plan to engage certain of our clients to begin using this functionality before the end of the fourth calendar quarter of 2018.
The next succeeding phase of development, also planned to be completed in the fourth calendar quarter of 2018, includes the implementation of our shift intermediation functionality, which is designed to enable our shift workers to receive information regarding and to accept available shift work opportunities. We currently plan to have the onboarding, scheduling and shift intermediation functionalities operable and integrated across our platform during the fourth calendar quarter of 2018; however, the intermediation functionality becomes useful only to the extent that we have meaningful numbers of available workers and client shift opportunities in the same geographic region, which we expect to begin to occur at the end of the fourth calendar quarter of 2018. Our goal is to have the mobile platform serve not only to enable our shift workers to secure additional shift work and our job provider clients to fill open shifts but also to attract new clients who see the value associated with being able to fill open shifts with a ready-to-hire workforce. This software is an important component of our overall ecosystem, and we are excited about our continued development.
We also plan to begin using the “delivery features” of our mobile platform during the third calendar quarter of 2018. Our technology and approach to human capital management allows the company a unique window into the daily demands of “Quick Service Restaurants” (“QSR”) operators and the ability to extend our technology and engagement to enable this unique self-delivery proposition. ShiftPixy’s new driver management layer for operators in the ShiftPixy ecosystem will now allow clients to use their own team members to deliver a brand intended customer experience. ShiftPixy has taken the compliance, management and insurance issues related to the support of a delivery option and created a turnkey self-delivery opportunity. This would allow our clients to enjoy the income growth from delivery and preserve their customer experience and their brand. The first phase of this component of our platform will be driver onboarding, which we plan to use by the third calendar quarter of 2018. Following completion of this phase, we plan to add features that enhance the capability of our mobile application to track and manage the delivery process. The enhanced features will “micro metering” of essential commercial insurance coverages required by our operator clients-namely workers’ compensation and auto coverages on a delivery-by-delivery basis.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common stock. Some statements in this Report, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Relating to Our Business
We have limited operating history, which makes it difficult for us to evaluate our future business prospects and make decisions based on those estimates of our future performance.
We are an emerging business and are in the process of developing our products and services. We have been in business for 26 months as of August 31, 2017. Although we have now generated gross billings of $50,672,129 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, and $126,391,207 for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, it is still difficult, if not impossible, to forecast our future results based upon our limited but now positive historical operating data. Because of the related uncertainties, we may be hindered in our ability to anticipate and timely adapt to increases or decreases in sales, revenues or expenses. If we make poor budgetary decisions as a result of unreliable data, our gross billings in the future may decline, which may result in a decline in our stock price.
There is uncertainty regarding our ability to implement our business plan and to grow our business to a greater extent than we can with our existing financial resources without additional financing. Except from the proceeds of our recent initial public offering (“IPO”) and our private placement of 8% senior secured convertible notes to institutional investors raising $9 million of gross proceeds ($8.4 million net of costs) we have no binding agreements, commitments or understandings to secure additional financing at this time. We have no binding agreements, commitments or understandings to acquire any other businesses or assets. Our long-term future growth and success is dependent upon our ability to generate cash from operating activities. There is no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash from operations, to borrow additional funds or to raise additional equity capital. Our inability to obtain additional cash could have a material adverse effect on our ability to fully implement our business plan as described herein and grow our business to a greater extent than we can with our existing financial resources.
We may be subject to penalties and interest payable on taxes as a result of software or manual error.
Our input of data in the software must be effected properly in order to process the data and payments correctly with regard to clients, employees and applicable tax agencies. If we input incorrect data or input accurate data incorrectly, we could inadvertently overbill or underbill our clients or overpay or underpay applicable taxes, resulting in the loss of net income and/or clients and/or the incurrence of tax penalties and interest. Despite our efforts to reconcile taxes on a monthly basis, we may incur additional taxes, penalties and interest for which we may or may not bill the clients.
Our targeted customer base is diverse, and we face a challenge in adequately meeting each group’s needs.
Because we will serve both employers and employees, we must work constantly to understand the needs, standards and requirements of each group and must devote significant resources to developing products and services for their interests. If we do not accurately predict our customers’ needs and expectations, we may expend valuable resources in developing products and services that do not achieve broad acceptance across the markets, and we may fail to grow our business.
Our success depends on adoption of our products and services by our various types of customers, and if these potential customers do not accept and acquire our products and services then our revenue will be severely limited.
The major customer groups to whom we believe our products and services will appeal, both employers and employees, particularly related to shift work, may not embrace our products and services. Acceptance of our products and services will depend on several factors, including: cost, ease of use, familiarity of use, convenience, timeliness, strategic partnerships, and reliability. If we fail to adequately meet our customers’ needs and expectations, our product offerings may not be competitive and our ability to commence or continue generating revenues could be reduced. We also cannot be sure that our business model will gain wide acceptance among all targeted customer groups. If the market fails to continue to develop, or develops more slowly than we expect, our ability to continue generating revenues could be reduced.
Competing forms of Gig Economy oriented staffing management products and services may be more desirable to consumers or may make our products and services obsolete.
There are currently several different competing Gig Economy oriented staffing management product and service technologies that are being marketed to our potential customers. Further development of any of these technologies may lead to advancements in technology that will make our products and services obsolete. Consumers may prefer alternative technologies and products and services. We cannot guarantee that users of Gig Economy oriented staffing management products and services who will be using our products and services will continue to grow within the industry as a whole. Any developments that contribute to the obsolescence of our products and services may substantially impact our business, reducing our ability to sustain generating revenues.
Damage claims against us as a result of actions of our employees could reduce our sales and revenues.
If any one of our employees is found to cause injury or damage through one or more negligent or wrongful acts, including sexual harassment and other employment related offenses, the Company could suffer financial damages as a result of claims by the injured party. We have not had significant claims for damages or losses from actions of our employee workers to date. The Company carries a staffing liability program commercial insurance policy, but the policy provides coverage only with respect to: 1. “wrongful employment acts” committed against our “employees” pursuant to our agreement with that client; and 2. A “staffing services worker’s” acts committed while in the service of our client that result in a “wrongful business environment.” The insurer may seek to disclaim liability as not covered or for other reasons or the amount of judgment against us may exceed the policy limits. Any claims for damages against us as a result of actions of our work employees could damage our reputation, increase our expenses and reduce our profitability (or increase net losses) and revenues.
Lapses in our employee screening process may result in potential litigation, which may be costly and/or damage our reputation.
If we experience lapses in our employee screening process, we may face potential litigation from our clients or government regulators, which may be costly and/or damage our reputation.
If we are unable to secure or pay for the insurance coverage required for our business operations, or if we lose any existing coverage, we may not be able to offer some of our services and our revenues could be reduced.
We are required to obtain and maintain various types of insurance coverage for our business, in particular health and workers’ compensation insurance related to our employees. Although we have contracts with all types of providers currently necessary for our business, if in the future we are unable to secure the insurance coverage required for our business operations, or if we lose any existing coverage, we may not be able to offer some of our services and our revenues could be reduced. In addition, any increases in the cost of insurance coverage we are required to maintain could reduce profitability (or increase net losses).
The Company assumes the obligation to make wage, tax, and regulatory payments for our shifter employees, and, as a result, is exposed to client credit risks.
The Company generally assumes responsibility for and manages the risks associated with shifter employees’ payroll obligations, including liability for payment of salaries, wages, and certain taxes. These obligations are fixed, whether or not clients make payments as required by services contracts, which exposes the Company to credit risks of clients.
Workers’ compensation costs for shifter employees may rise and reduce our margins and require more liquidity.
The Company is responsible for and pays workers’ compensation costs for its shift workers. At times, these costs have risen substantially as a result of increased claims and claim trends, general economic conditions, changes in business mix, increases in healthcare costs, and government regulations. Although the Company carries insurance, unexpected changes in claim trends, including the severity and frequency of claims, actuarial estimates, and medical cost inflation could result in costs that are significantly different than initially reported. If future claims-related liabilities increase due to unforeseen circumstances, or if new laws, rules, or regulations are passed, costs could increase significantly. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to increase the fees charged to clients in a timely manner and in a sufficient amount to cover increased costs as a result of any changes in claims-related liabilities.
Failure to comply with, or changes in, laws and regulations applicable to our business, particularly potential changes to the ACA, could have a materially adverse effect on our marketing plan as well as our reputation, results of operations or financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.
Our business is subject to a wide range of complex laws and regulations. For example, many states regulate entities offering the employment related services such as those offered by us directly or through our subsidiary and require licenses as a prerequisite to operation of such enterprises in their respective jurisdictions. There can be no assurance that either ShiftPixy or its subsidiary, ShiftableHR, will be successful in either securing or maintaining a license or licenses in compliance with a particular state’s laws and regulations. Further, many states require variously that workers’ compensation policies offered by employment related firms such as ours to be managed according to strict rules and/or that unemployment insurance filings be administered according to strict rules.
Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in the suspension or revocation of licenses or registrations, the limitation, suspension or termination of services, and the imposition of consent orders or civil and criminal penalties, including fines, that could damage our reputation and have a materially adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition.
In addition, changes in laws or regulations, or changes in the interpretation of laws or regulations by a regulatory authority, may decrease our revenues and earnings and may require us to change the manner in which we conduct some aspects of our business. For example, a change in regulations either decreasing the amount of taxes to be withheld or allowing less time to remit taxes to government authorities would adversely impact interest income from investing client funds before such funds are remitted to the applicable taxing authorities. Changes in taxation regulations could adversely affect our effective tax rate and our net income. Changes in laws that govern the co-employment arrangement between a professional employer organization and its worksite employees may require us to change the manner in which we conduct some aspects of our business. Healthcare reform under the federal Patient Protection and ACA , as amended, related state laws, and the regulations adopted or to be adopted thereunder, have the potential to impact substantially the way that employers provide health insurance to employees and the health insurance market for the small and mid-sized businesses that constitute our business’s clients and prospects. If the ACA is repealed or replaced, the elimination of employer mandates and similar employer requirements currently imposed by the ACA, and other regulatory changes could in the future reduce our revenues. Amendments to money transmitter statutes have required us to obtain licenses in some jurisdictions. The adoption of new money transmitter statutes in other jurisdictions, changes in regulators’ interpretation of existing state and federal money transmitter or money services business statutes or regulations, or disagreement by a regulatory authority with our interpretation of such existing statutes or regulations, could require additional registration or licensing, limit certain of our business activities until they are appropriately licensed, and expose us to financial penalties. These occurrences could also require changes to our compliance programs and to the manner in which we conduct some aspects of our money movement business or client funds investment strategy, which could adversely impact interest income from investing client funds before such funds are remitted.
We collect, use, transmit and store with data services vendors personal and business information, and a security or privacy breach may damage or disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure of confidential information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and cause losses.
In connection with our business, we collect, use, transmit and store with data services vendors large amounts of personal and business information about our clients and shift employees, including payroll information, healthcare information, personal and limited business financial data, social security numbers, bank account numbers, tax information and other sensitive personal and business information. In addition, as we continue to grow the scale of our offering, we will process and store with data services vendors an increasing volume of personally identifiable information of our users. Our data services vendors include PrismHR, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft OneDrive, ShareFile, Dropbox, Smartsheet, MasterTax, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Office 365, and RightSignature; we believe these vendors implement industry standard or greater data security measures to protect the data that we transmit through and/or store with them. Despite our efforts to protect customer data, perceptions that the collection, use, and storage of personal information is not satisfactorily protected could inhibit sales of our services, and could limit adoption of our services. In addition, the continued occurrence of high-profile data breaches provides evidence of an external environment increasingly hostile to information security.
We are focused on ensuring that our operating environments safeguard and protect personal and business information, and we will be required devote significant resources to maintain and regularly update our systems and processes. Despite our efforts to maintain security controls across our business, it is possible our security controls over personal data, our training of employees and vendors on data security, and other practices we follow may not prevent the improper disclosure of customer data we or our vendors store and manage. In addition, attacks on information technology systems continue to grow in frequency, complexity and sophistication, and the Company may be targeted by unauthorized parties using malicious tactics, code and viruses.
We have third party contractors who monitor our activities in a manner designed to prevent, detect and respond to data security incidents. However, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventive measures. In addition, hardware, software, or applications we develop or procure from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of data or our systems. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain access to our systems or facilities, or those of third-parties with whom we do business, through fraud, trickery, or other methods of deceiving our employees, contractors, and temporary staff. As these threats continue to evolve, we may be required to invest significant additional resources to modify and enhance our information security and controls or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities. In addition, while our operating environment is designed to safeguard and protect personal and business information, we do not have the ability to monitor the implementation of similar safeguards by our clients, vendors or their respective employees, and, in any event, third-parties may be able to circumvent those security measures.
Any cyber-attack, unauthorized intrusion, malicious software infiltration, network disruption, denial of service, corruption of data, or theft of non-public or other sensitive information, similar act by a malevolent party, or inadvertent acts by our own employees, could result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, harm our reputation, and could have a materially adverse effect on our business operations, or that of our clients, create financial liability, regulatory sanction, or a loss of confidence in our ability to serve clients or cause current or potential clients to choose another service provider, and subject us to liability under laws that protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue. Although we believe that through our third-party contractors we maintain a program of information security and controls and any threats that we might have encountered to date have not materially impacted us, the impact of a data security incident could have a materially adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We have insurance coverage for risks for exchanging and maintaining data electronically that is designed to address certain aspects of cyber-risks, such insurance coverage may be denied or be insufficient to cover all losses or all types of claims that may arise in the continually evolving area of cyber-risk. In addition, any further security measures we may undertake to address further protections, may cause higher operating expenses.
We are also subject to various federal and state laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use, transmission and security of personal and business information. In addition, the possession and use of personal information and data in conducting our business subjects us to laws that may require notification to regulators, clients or employees in the event of a privacy breach and may impose liability on us for privacy deficiencies, including but not limited to liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, and regulatory penalties. These laws continue to develop, the number of jurisdictions adopting such laws continues to increase, and these laws may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The future enactment of more restrictive laws, rules or regulations could have a materially adverse impact on us through increased costs or restrictions on our businesses and noncompliance could result in regulatory penalties and significant legal liability. In addition, enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities related to data security incidents and privacy violations continue to increase.
Some of the activities in which our shift workers could become involved could include health care information related responsibilities and could thereby invoke the need for compliance with HIPAA as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH. The United States Department of Health and Human Services issued regulations that establish uniform standards governing the conduct of certain electronic health care transactions and protecting the privacy and security of protected health information used or disclosed by health care providers and other covered entities. Three principal regulations with which we are required to comply have been issued in final form under HIPAA: privacy regulations, security regulations, and standards for electronic transactions, which establish standards for common health care transactions. The privacy regulations cover the use and disclosure of protected health information by health care providers. They also set forth certain rights that an individual has with respect to his or her protected health information maintained by a health care provider, including the right to access or amend certain records containing protected health information or to request restrictions on the use or disclosure of protected health information. The security regulations establish requirements for safeguarding the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of protected health information that is electronically transmitted or electronically stored. The HITECH Act, among other things, establishes certain health information security breach notification requirements. A covered entity must notify any individual whose protected health information is breached. The HIPAA privacy and security regulations establish a uniform federal “floor” and do not supersede state laws that are more stringent or provide individuals with greater rights with respect to the privacy or security of, and access to, their records containing protected health information. These laws contain significant fines and other penalties for wrongful use or disclosure of protected health information. Additionally, to the extent that we submit electronic health care claims and payment transactions that do not comply with the electronic data transmission standards established under HIPAA and HITECH, payments to us may be delayed or denied.
If we are unable to effectively manage growth and maintain low operating costs, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
We have experienced rapid growth since our inception, and our plans contemplate significant expansion of our business. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, including having geographically dispersed offices and employees or to anticipate and manage our future growth accurately, our business may be adversely affected. If we are unable to manage our expansion and growth effectively, we may be unable to keep our operating costs low or effectively meet the requirements of an ever-growing, geographically dispersed client base. Our business relies on data systems, billing systems and financial reporting and control systems, procedures and controls. Our success in managing our expansion and growth in a cost-effective manner will require us to upgrade and improve these systems, procedures and controls. If we are unable to adapt our systems and put adequate controls in place in a timely manner, our business may be adversely affected. In addition, our growth may place significant demands on our management, and our overall operational and financial resources. A failure on our part to meet any of the foregoing challenges inherent in our growth strategy may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are and we will remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, which was in June 2017, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior August 31th, and (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on some or all of these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We will take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate us since our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates and may result in less investor confidence
We face intense competition across all markets for our services, which may lead to lower revenue or operating margins
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Our competitors range in size from diversified global companies with significant research and development resources to small, specialized firms whose narrower service lines may let them be more effective in deploying technical, marketing, and financial resources. Barriers to entry in many of our businesses are low and many of the areas in which we compete evolve rapidly with changing and disruptive technologies, shifting user needs, and frequent introductions of new products and services. Our ability to remain competitive depends on our success in making innovative products, devices, and services that appeal to customers.
Companies compete with us based on a growing variety of business models. The competitive pressures described above may cause decreased sales volumes, price reductions, and/or increased operating costs, such as for research and development, marketing, and sales incentives. This may lead to lower revenue, gross margins, and operating income.
We may be vulnerable to security breaches that could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business.
Despite security measures and business continuity plans, our information technology networks and infrastructure may be vulnerable to damage, disruptions, or shutdowns due to unauthorized access, computer viruses, cyber-attacks, distributed denial of service, and other security breaches. An attack on or security breach of our network could result in interruption or cessation of access and services, our inability to meet our access and service level commitments, and potentially compromise customer data transmitted over our network. We cannot guarantee that our security measures will not be circumvented, resulting in network failures or interruptions that could impact our network availability and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results. We may be required to expend significant resources to protect against such threats. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, and we could lose customers. Any such events could result in legal claims or penalties, disruption in operations, misappropriation of sensitive data, damage to our reputation, and/or costly response measures, which could adversely affect our business. Although we maintain insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions (including self-insured deductibles, coverage restrictions and monetary coverage caps), cover certain aspects of our cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be unavailable or insufficient to cover our losses.
Technology Oriented Risks
If we are unable to protect our proprietary and technology rights our operations will be adversely affected.
Our success will depend in part on our ability to protect our proprietary rights and technologies, including those related to our products and services. Protecting our intellectual property rights and combating unlicensed copying and use of our software and other intellectual property is difficult. Except as otherwise noted herein, we have not applied for any formal patent, trademark or similar protection. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights may adversely affect our operations. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our services or to obtain and use trade secrets or other information that we regard as proprietary. Based on the nature of our business, we may or may not be able to adequately protect our rights through patent, copyright and trademark laws. Our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad may not be adequate, and competitors may independently develop similar technologies. In addition, litigation may be necessary in the future to:
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Enforce intellectual property rights;
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Protect our trade secrets;
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Determine the validity and scope of the rights of others; or
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Defend against claims of infringement or invalidity.
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Any such litigation could result in substantial costs if we are held to have willfully infringed or to expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology and would divert the attention of management from the implementation of our business strategy. Furthermore, the outcome of litigation is inherently difficult to predict and we may not prevail in any litigation in which we become involved.
Software products we use in our business may contain defects which will make it more difficult for us to establish and maintain customers.
We are currently using PrismHR software for our payroll processing. We also use MasterTax to process our tax reports and filings. We also use a host of other software products in the course of conducting our business. Of course, the mobile app component of our mobile platform, along with the client portal and the ShiftPixy Command Hub, constitute our proprietary software and contain components that are licensed from third parties and that are public domain software. Our payroll processing software and other software products we use in our business may contain undetected design faults and software errors, or “bugs” that are discovered only after they has been installed and used by a greater number of customers. Any such defect or error in new or existing software or applications could cause delays in delivering our technology or require design modifications. These could adversely affect our competitive position and cause us to lose potential customers or opportunities. Since our technologies are intended to be utilized to supply human resources related services, the effect of any such bugs or delays will likely have a detrimental impact on us. In addition, given that our specialized human resources software and services has yet to gain widespread acceptance in the market, any delays or other problems caused by software bugs would likely have a more detrimental impact on our business than if we were a more established company.
If a contract relating to our mission critical software that we use in our business is terminated or not renewed, our business could be seriously disrupted and our revenues significantly reduced.
If a contract relating to our mission-critical software services, such as that applicable to payroll and payroll tax processing, is terminated or non-renewed, and we do not have an effective replacement software, our business and revenues would suffer. Although there are other software vendors we can use, it may take time to negotiate an agreement and make operational this replacement software. Accordingly, if the software agreements that we use in our business are terminated or not renewed, our business could be seriously disrupted and our revenues significantly reduced until we locate and make operational replacement software.
Our systems may be subject to disruptions that could have a materially adverse effect on our business and reputation.
Our business is and will continue to be highly dependent on our ability to process, on a daily basis, a large number of complicated transactions. We rely heavily on our payroll, financial, accounting, and other data processing systems. We may not be successful in preventing the loss of client data, service interruptions or disruptions to our operations from system failures. If any of these systems fails to operate properly or becomes disabled even for a brief period of time, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention, or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition.
Because we store data in the cloud with providers such as Microsoft and Amazon, any disruptions in our ability to access this data or any breach of security concerning this data in the cloud could have a materially adverse effect on our business and reputation.
Our business is and will continue to be highly dependent on data storage in the cloud with providers such as Microsoft and Amazon. These cloud storage systems may fail to operate properly or become disabled even for a brief period of time. There could also be security breaches of our data stored in the cloud. If there is loss of client data, service interruptions or disruptions to our operations related to our cloud data storage, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention, or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operation or financial condition.
We make significant investments in our software that may not achieve our expectations.
Developing new technologies is complex. It can require long development and testing periods. Significant delays in new releases or significant problems in creating new products or services could adversely affect our revenue.
Third parties may claim we infringe their intellectual property rights.
From time to time, others claim we infringe their intellectual property rights. The number of these claims may grow because of constant technological change in the markets in which we compete, the extensive patent coverage of existing technologies and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents. To resolve these claims, we may enter into royalty and licensing agreements on terms that are less favorable than currently available, stop selling or redesign affected products or services, or pay damages to satisfy indemnification commitments with our customers. These outcomes may cause operating margins to decline. Besides money damages, in some jurisdictions plaintiffs can seek injunctive relief that may limit or prevent importing, marketing, and selling our products or services that have infringing technologies.
We may not be able to protect our source code from copying if there is an unauthorized disclosure of source code.
Source code, the detailed program commands for our operating systems and other software programs, is critical to our business. We take significant measures to protect the secrecy of large portions of our source code. If a significant portion of our source code leaks, we might lose future trade secret protection for that source code. It may become easier for third parties to compete with our products by copying functionality, which could adversely affect our revenue and operating margins. Unauthorized disclosure of source code also could increase the security risks described in the next paragraph.
We may have outages, data losses, and disruptions of our online services if we fail to maintain an adequate operations infrastructure.
Our increasing user traffic, growth in services, and the complexity of our services demand more computing power. We spend substantial amounts to build, purchase, or lease datacenters and equipment and to upgrade our technology and network infrastructure to handle more data. These demands continue to increase as we grow our workforce. Maintaining, securing, and expanding this infrastructure is expensive and complex. It requires that we maintain an Internet connectivity infrastructure that is robust and reliable within competitive and regulatory constraints that continue to evolve. Inefficiencies or operational failures, including temporary or permanent loss of customer data or insufficient Internet connectivity, could diminish the quality of our products, services, and user experience resulting in contractual liability, claims by users and other third parties, regulatory actions, damage to our reputation, and loss of current and potential users, subscribers, and advertisers, each of which may harm our operating results and financial condition.
Our business depends on our ability to attract and retain talented employees
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Our business is based on successfully attracting and retaining talented employees. The market for highly skilled workers and leaders in our industry is extremely competitive. If we are less successful in our recruiting efforts, or if we cannot retain key employees, our ability to develop and deliver services successfully may be adversely affected. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution. How employment-related laws are interpreted and applied to our workforce practices may result in increased operating costs and less flexibility in how we meet our workforce needs.
We have claims and lawsuits against us that may result in adverse outcomes
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We are subject to a variety of claims and lawsuits. These claims may arise from a wide variety of business practices, significant business transactions, operational claims, and employment practices. Adverse outcomes in some or all of these claims may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business. The litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. A material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements could occur for the period in which the effect of an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and reasonably estimable.
Our software may experience quality or supply problems
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Our software may experience quality or reliability problems. The highly-sophisticated software we have been developing may contain bugs and other defects that interfere with their intended operation. Any defects we do not detect and fix in pre-release testing could cause reduced sales and revenue, damage to our reputation, repair or remediation costs, delays in the release of new products or versions, or legal liability. Although our license agreements typically contain provisions that eliminate or limit our exposure to liability, there is no assurance these provisions will withstand legal challenge.
The Company intends to use open source blockchain technology in its technology platform. This technology has been scrutinized by regulatory agencies and therefore we may be impacted by unfavorable regulatory action in one or more jurisdictions.
The Company intends to use open source blockchain technology as a secure repository for “device reputation” information acquired by its technology platform. Blockchain technologies have been the subject of scrutiny by various regulatory bodies around the world. The Company could be impacted by one or more regulatory inquiries or actions, including but not limited to restrictions on the use of blockchain technology, which could impede or limit the use of this technology within our product offerings.
We intend to use and leverage open source technology in our technology platform which may create risks of security weaknesses.
Some parts of our technology may be based on open-source technology, including the blockchain technology that we intend to use in our technology platform. There is a risk that the development team, or other third parties may intentionally or unintentionally introduce weaknesses or bugs into the core infrastructure elements of our technology solutions interfering with the use of such technology or causing loss to the Company.
The use of new and untested technologies, including blockchain technology, may result in risks that we may not be able to currently anticipate.
Blockchain technology is a relatively new and untested technology. In addition to the risks set forth here, there are risks with the use of this technology that the Company cannot anticipate. Risks may further materialize as unanticipated combinations or variations from the risks set forth here.
Risks Related to Management and Personnel
We depend heavily on Scott W. Absher, our Chief Executive Officer and a director. The loss of his services could harm our business.
Our future business and results of operations depend in significant part upon the continued contributions Scott W. Absher, our Chief Executive Officer and a director. If we lose his services or if he fails to perform in his current position, or if we are not able to attract and retain skilled employees in addition to Mr. Absher, this could adversely affect the development of our business plan and harm our business.
Mr. Absher has limited experience managing a public company, which may inhibit our ability to implement successfully our business plan.
Mr. Scott W. Absher, CEO and Director and the beneficial owner of approximately 43.177% of our stock as of August 31, 2017, has limited experience managing a public company, which is required to establish and maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are endeavoring to comply with all of the various rules and regulations, which are required for a public company that is reporting company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. However, if we cannot operate successfully as a public company, your investment may be materially adversely affected.
Industry Risks
Providing specialized Gig Economy oriented staffing management products and services is an emerging yet competitive business, and many of our competitors have greater resources that may enable them to compete more effectively.
We will compete in the same markets with many companies that offer not only staffing management products and services focused on the Gig Economy but also more traditional staffing management products and services. There are limited barriers to entry. Price competition in the industry, particularly from larger, more traditional industry model competitors, is intense, and pricing pressures from competitors and clients are increasing. New competitors entering our markets may further increase pricing pressures.
Clients may competitively bid new contracts; a trend is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Some of our competitors have greater resources than we do, which may enable them to compete more effectively in this market. Our competitors may devote their resources to developing and marketing products and services that will directly compete with our product lines, and new, more efficient competitors may enter the market. If we are unable to successfully compete with existing companies and new entrants to the market this will have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.
We operate in an immature and rapidly evolving industry and have a relatively new business model, which makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects.
The industry in which we operate is characterized by rapidly changing regulatory requirements, evolving industry standards and shifting user and client demands. Our business model is also evolving and is different from models used by other companies in our industry. As a result of these factors, the success and future revenue and income potential of our business is uncertain. Any evaluation of our business and our prospects must be considered in light of these risks and uncertainties, some of which relate to our ability to:
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Expand employer and employee client relationships;
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Increase the number of our employer clients and grow a shifter employee base;
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Develop relationships with third-party vendors such as insurance companies;
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Expand operations and implement and improve our operational, financial and management controls;
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Raise capital at attractive costs, or at all;
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Attract and retain qualified management, employees and independent service providers;
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Successfully introduce new processes, technologies products and services and upgrade our existing processes, technologies, products and services;
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Protect our proprietary processes and technologies and our intellectual property rights; and
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Respond to government regulations relating to the Internet, personal data protection, email, software technologies, cyber security and other regulated aspects of our business.
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If we are unable to successfully address the challenges posed by operating in an immature and rapidly evolving industry and having a relatively new business model, our business could suffer.
If ShiftPixy is not recognized as an employer of worksite employees under federal and state regulations, or we are deemed to be an insurance agent or third-party administrator, we and our clients could be adversely impacted.
While in our professional employer organization client engagements through ShiftableHR, we typically arrange for clients to act as sponsor of employee benefit plans, ShiftPixy sponsors the benefit plans applicable to its employees. In order for ShiftPixy to sponsor employee benefit plan offerings for our worksite employees, we must qualify as an employer of our worksite employees for certain purposes under the Code and ERISA. In addition, our status as an employer is important for purposes of ERISA’s preemption of certain state laws. The definition of employer under various laws is not uniform, and under both the Code and ERISA, the term is defined in part by complex multi-factor tests.
Generally, these tests are designed to evaluate whether an individual is an independent contractor or employee and they provide substantial weight to whether a purported employer has the right to direct and control the details of an individual’s work. Some factors that the IRS has considered important in the past have included the employer’s degree of behavioral control (the extent of instructions, training and the nature of the work), the financial control and the economic aspects of the relationship, and the intent of the parties, as evidenced by the specific benefit, contract, termination and other similar arrangements between the parties and the on-going versus project-oriented nature of the work to be performed. However, a definitive judicial interpretation of “employer” in the context of joint employer relationships such as those in which ShiftPixy engages has not been established. For ERISA purposes, for example, courts have held that test factors relating to ability to control and supervise an individual are less important, while the U.S. Department of Labor has issued guidance that certain entities in the HR outsourcing industry do not qualify as common law employers for ERISA purposes. Moreover, when ShiftPixy’s app is fully functional, the scope of ShiftPixy’s employer status will increase, changing the legal analysis. Although we believe that ShiftPixy qualifies as an employer of its worksite employees under ERISA, and the U.S. Department of Labor has not provided guidance otherwise, we are not able to predict the outcome of any future regulatory challenge.
If we are not recognized as an employer under the Code or ERISA, we may be required to change the method by which we report and remit payroll taxes to the tax authorities and the method by which we provide, or discontinue providing, certain employee benefits to our worksite employees, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We must also qualify as an employer of our worksite employees under state regulations, which govern licensing, certification and registration requirements for PEOs. Nearly all states have enacted laws and regulations in this regard. While we believe that we qualify as an employer of our worksite employees under these state regulations, these requirements vary from state to state and change frequently and if we are not able to satisfy existing or future licensing requirements or other applicable regulations of any states, we may be prohibited from doing business in that state.
Failure to secure any necessary registrations or licensure could affect our ability to operate certain segments of our business in certain jurisdictions.
Some states require licensure or registration of businesses offering PEO services. One of the service offerings that we provide is PEO services. If we need and are unable to secure registration or licensure of such service offering in a particular state, our ability to grow that segment of our business in such state would be impaired and could affect our ability to increase our revenues and meet certain customer requirements in such states.
Economic, Catastrophic and Geopolitical Risks
Catastrophic events or geopolitical conditions may disrupt our business.
Monetary and fiscal policies and political and economic conditions may substantially change. When there is a slowdown in the economy, employment levels may decrease with a corresponding impact on our businesses. Clients may react to worsening conditions by reducing their spending on payroll and other outsourcing services or renegotiating their contracts with us.
Worsening economic conditions, including inflation, recession, or other changes in economic conditions, may cause businesses to rely less on vendors in our business, which could adversely affect our revenue. If demand for our services declines, or business spending for such services declines, our revenue will be adversely affected.
Challenging economic conditions also may impair the ability of our customers to pay for products and services they have purchased. As a result, allowances for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivable may increase.
We are dependent upon various large banks to execute Automated Clearing House and wire transfers as part of our client payroll and tax services. A systemic shutdown of the banking industry would impede our ability to process funds on behalf of our payroll and tax services clients and could have an adverse impact on our financial results and liquidity.
A disruption or failure of our systems or operations because of a major earthquake, weather event, cyber-attack, terrorist attack, or other catastrophic event could cause delays in completing sales, providing services, or performing other critical functions. Our corporate headquarters, a significant portion of our research and development activities, and certain other essential business operations are in the Irvine, California, area, which is a seismically active region. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or IT systems could harm our ability to conduct normal business operations.
Abrupt political change and terrorist activity may pose threats to our business and increase our operating costs. These conditions also may add uncertainty to the timing and budget for technology investment decisions by our customers, and may cause supply chain disruptions for hardware manufacturers. Geopolitical change may result in changing regulatory requirements that could impact our operating strategies, hiring, and profitability.
Market Risks
Our Common Stock is thinly traded, which can cause volatility in its price.
Our Common Stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC, and is thinly traded. Thinly traded stock can be more susceptible to market volatility. This market volatility could significantly affect the market price of our common stock without regard to our operating performance. Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. In addition, the price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to the following factors, among others:
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a deviation in our results from the expectations of public market analysts and investors;
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statements by research analysts about our common stock, our company or our industry;
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changes in market valuations of companies in industries to which our company is compared and market evaluations of our industries in which our company is deemed to be operating generally;
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actions taken by our competitors;
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sales or other issuances of common stock by us, our senior officers, directors or other affiliates; or
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other general economic, political or market conditions, many of which are beyond our control.
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The market price of our Common Stock will also be impacted by our quarterly operating results which can fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate.
The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted on December 22, 2017, and significantly affected U.S. tax law by changing how the U.S. imposes income tax on U.S. and multinational corporations. The U.S. Department of Treasury has broad authority to issue regulations and interpretative guidance that may significantly impact how we will apply the law which could impact our tax obligations in the period issued.
The Tax Act requires complex computations not previously required under U.S. tax law. As such, the application of accounting guidance for such items is currently uncertain. Further, compliance with the Tax Act and the accounting for such provisions could require accumulation of information not previously required or regularly produced. Additional regulatory guidance as issued by the applicable taxing authorities, could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate